Net interest income decreased $107 thousand, or 1.4%, to $7.5 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, compared to $7.6 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2023, and decreased $1.9 million, or 20.4%, from $9.4 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2023. The decrease in the current quarter compared to both of the prior periods was primarily the result of increases in funding costs, primarily the rates paid on and balances of money market and certificate accounts, partially offset by an increase in the average balance of and yield earned on interest-earning assets.

Interest income increased $423 thousand, or 3.2%, to $13.8 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, compared to $13.3 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2023, and increased $1.6 million, or 13.0%, from $12.2 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2023. The increase from the prior quarter was primarily due to higher average balances of loans and interest-bearing cash, coupled with a nine basis point and three basis point increase in the average yield on loans and interest-bearing cash, respectively, reflecting increases in rates on newly originated loans and strategic management of our cash balances to maximize the highest yielding accounts. This increase was partially offset by a decline in the average balance of and yield on investments. The increase in interest income from the same quarter last year was due primarily to higher average balances of loans and interest-bearing cash, a 17 basis point increase in the average yield on loans, a 109 basis point increase in the average yield on interest-bearing cash, and a two basis point increase in the average yield on investments, partially offset by a decline in the average balance of investments.

Interest income on loans increased $200 thousand, or 1.7%, to $12.2 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, compared to $12.0 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2023, and increased $852 thousand, or 7.5%, from $11.4 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2023. The average balance of total loans was $895.4 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, up from $884.7 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2023 and $867.7 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2023. The average yield on total loans was 5.49% for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, up from 5.40% for the quarter ended December 31, 2023 and 5.32% for the quarter ended March 31, 2023. The increase in the average loan yield during the current quarter compared to both the prior quarter and the first quarter of 2023 was primarily due to the origination of loans at higher interest rates. Additionally, variable rate loans resetting at higher rates impacted the increase in average loan yield from one year ago. The increase in the average balance during the current quarter compared to the prior quarter was primarily due to growth in commercial and multifamily loans and consumer loans, with the growth in consumer loans coming primarily from floating homes loans. The increase in the average loan yield during the current quarter compared to the first quarter of 2023 was primarily due to variable rate loans adjusting to higher market interest rates and new loan originations at higher interest rates. The increase in the average balance of loans during the current quarter compared to the first quarter of 2023 was primarily due to loan growth across all categories, excluding commercial business loans.

Interest income on investments decreased $18 thousand to $111 thousand for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, compared to $129 thousand for the quarter ended December 31, 2023, and decreased $11 thousand from $122 thousand for the quarter ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to lower average balances. The average yield on investments decreased from the prior quarter due to an annual rider charge on our annuity investments that occurs during the first quarter of each year. Interest income on interest-bearing cash increased $241 thousand to $1.4 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, compared to $1.2 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2023, and increased $745 thousand from $671 thousand for the quarter ended March 31, 2023, due to a higher average yield on and higher average balances of interest-bearing cash.

Interest expense increased $530 thousand, or 9.2%, to $6.3 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, from $5.8 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2023, and increased $3.5 million, or 124.8%, from $2.8 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2023. The increase in interest expense during the current quarter from the prior quarter was primarily the result of $25.9 million and $15.5 million increases in the average balance of savings and money market accounts and certificate accounts, respectively, as well as higher average rates paid on all categories of interest-bearing deposits (other than demand and NOW accounts), partially offset by a $10.1 million decrease in the average balance of demand and NOW accounts. The increase in interest expense during the current quarter from the comparable period a year ago was primarily the result of a $68.9 million increase in the average balance of certificate accounts and an $120.2 million increase in the average balance of savings and money market accounts, as well as higher average rates paid on all interest-bearing liabilities (excluding subordinated notes), partially offset by a $81.3 million decrease in the average balance of demand and NOW accounts and a $4.9 million decrease in the average balance of FHLB advances. The average cost of deposits was 2.57% for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, up from 2.38% for the quarter ended December 31, 2023 and 1.05% for the quarter ended March 31, 2023. The average cost of FHLB advances was 4.31% for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, up from 4.26% for the quarter ended December 31, 2023, and down from 4.51% for the quarter ended March 31, 2023.

NIM (annualized) was 2.95% for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, down from 3.04% for the quarter ended December 31, 2023 and 4.01% for the quarter ended March 31, 2023. The decrease in NIM from the prior quarter was primarily due to the cost of funding increasing at a faster pace than the yield earned on interest-earning assets, driven by the higher average balance of money market and certificate accounts at higher interest rates.

A release of provision for credit losses of $33 thousand was recorded for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, consisting of a release of provision for credit losses on loans of $106 thousand and a provision for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments of $73 thousand. This compared to a release of provision for credit losses of $27 thousand for the quarter ended December 31, 2023, consisting of a provision for credit losses on loans of $337 thousand and a release of the provision for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments of $364 thousand, and a provision for credit losses of $10 thousand for the quarter ended March 31, 2023, consisting of a provision for loan losses of $245 thousand and a release of the provision for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments of $235 thousand. The decrease in the provision for credit losses for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2023 resulted primarily from lower reserves on our other consumer loan portfolio and residential loan portfolios due to qualitative adjustments for changes in concentration and market conditions, partially offset by the increase in the allowance for credit losses on loans due to portfolio growth, and an increase in nonaccrual loans and the weighted average life of the portfolio. In addition, expected loss estimates consider various factors including market conditions, customer specific information, projected delinquencies, and the impact of economic conditions on borrowers' ability to repay.

Noninterest income increased $30 thousand, or 2.8%, to $1.1 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, compared to $1.1 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2023, and increased $127 thousand, or 13.1% from $1.0 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2023. The increase from the prior quarter was primarily related to a $36 thousand increase in service charges and fee income, a $31 thousand upward adjustment in fair value adjustment on mortgage servicing rights due to higher market interest rates, and a $14 thousand increase in net gain on sale of loans as a result of a higher percentage gain in the first quarter of 2024. These increases were partially offset by a $45 thousand decrease in earnings on BOLI policies due to a higher change in market values in the fourth quarter of 2023 as compared to the first quarter of 2024 and a $6 thousand decrease in servicing income due to a smaller servicing portfolio. The increase in noninterest income from the comparable period in 2023 was primarily due to a $31 thousand increase in service charges and fee income, a $26 thousand increase in the cash surrender value of BOLI due to higher market rates, a $75 thousand improvement in the fair value adjustment on mortgage servicing rights due to higher market rates and a $12 thousand increase in net gain on sale of loans as a result of increased sales volume, partially offset by a decrease in mortgage servicing income as a result of the portfolio paying down at a faster speed than we are replacing the loans. Loans sold during the quarter ended March 31, 2024, totaled $4.2 million, compared to $4.5 million and $3.9 million of loans sold during the quarters ended December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023, respectively.

Noninterest expense increased $350 thousand, or 4.8%, to $7.7 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, compared to $7.3 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2023, and increased $41 thousand, or 0.5%, from $7.6 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2023. The increase from the quarter ended December 31, 2023 was primarily a result of higher salaries and benefits, partially offset by lower data processing and operations expenses. Salaries and employee benefits increased $741 thousand during the quarter ended March 31, 2024 compared to the prior quarter due to higher wages as a result of annual wage increases, a higher incentive compensation accrual, higher commissions expense, lower deferred salaries and higher payroll taxes associated with the aforementioned increases, as well as increases in medical expense and employee stock ownership plan (“ESOP”) expenses. The increase in the ESOP expense primarily related to the ability to purchase shares for the ESOP in the prior year at a lower price than budgeted resulting in minimal ESOP expense during the fourth quarter of 2023. Operations expense decreased $80 thousand primarily due to decreases in various expenses, including charitable contributions, loan origination costs and marketing partially due to timing of transactions and the level of transactional activity. Additionally, losses related to repurchased loans and operational activities decreased. The decrease in data processing expenses primarily related to the reimbursement of data processing expenses by one of our vendors related to the implementation of new software in the first quarter of 2024 and higher expenses in the fourth quarter of 2023 related to annual true up of costs related to our core processor. The increase in noninterest expense compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2023 was primarily due to an increase in salaries and benefits of $58 thousand, reflecting an increase in incentive compensation as a result of deposit and loan production, and higher medical expense, partially offset by lower salaries due to the restructuring of positions at the Bank, lower deferred compensation, lower stock compensation and higher deferred salaries. Data processing expenses increased due to software-related costs for new technology being implemented at the Bank and higher processing charges related to a higher volume of transactional activity and a $36 thousand increase in regulatory assessments due to the change in the assessment rate. These increases were partially offset by decrease in net (gain) loss on OREO and repossessed assets as a result of the write off of one OREO property in the first quarter of 2023.

Assets at March 31, 2024 totaled $1.09 billion, up from $995.2 million at December 31, 2023 and up from $1.00 billion at March 31, 2023. The increase in total assets from December 31, 2023 was primarily due to an increase in cash and cash equivalents, and to a lesser extent, an increase in loans held-for-portfolio. The increase from one year ago was primarily a result of an increase in cash and cash equivalents and in loans held-for-portfolio.

Cash and cash equivalents increased $88.3 million, or 177.7%, to $138.0 million at March 31, 2024, compared to $49.7 million at December 31, 2023, and increased $56.4 million, or 69.1%, from $81.6 million at March 31, 2023. The increase from December 31, 2023 was primarily due to the strategic decision to sell reciprocal deposits at the end of 2023, which reduced our cash balances. These reciprocal deposits returned to our balance sheet in the first quarter of 2024, which included deposits that had been generated during the fourth quarter of 2023 and subsequently sold. The increase from one year ago was primarily due to the increase in deposits exceeding increases in our loans held-for-portfolio.

Investment securities decreased $181 thousand, or 1.7%, to $10.3 million at March 31, 2024, compared to $10.5 million at December 31, 2023, and decreased $519 thousand, or 4.8%, from $10.8 million at March 31, 2023. Held-to-maturity securities totaled $2.2 million at March 31, 2024, December 31, 2023, and March 31, 2023. Available-for-sale securities totaled $8.1 million at March 31, 2024, compared to $8.3 million at December 31, 2023 and $8.6 million at March 31, 2023. The decrease in available-for-sale securities from the prior quarter-end was primarily due to higher net unrealized losses resulting from an increase in municipal bond yields during the current quarter, offset by regularly scheduled payments. The decrease from one year ago was primarily due to regularly scheduled payments, partially offset by lower net unrealized losses resulting from an increase in market values during the past 12 months.

Loans held-for-portfolio increased to $897.9 million at March 31, 2024, from $894.5 million at December 31, 2023 and $870.5 million at March 31, 2023. The increase in loans held-for-portfolio at March 31, 2024, compared to December 31, 2023, primarily resulted from increases in commercial and multifamily loans and floating homes loans, partially offset by decreases in construction and land loans and commercial business loans. The increase in commercial and multifamily loans from December 31, 2023 primarily resulted from conversion of construction projects to permanent financing. The increases in floating homes loans from December 31, 2023 was primarily due to new originations. The increase in loans held-for-portfolio at March 31, 2024, compared to one year ago, primarily resulted from continued strong loan demand and slower prepayments, with increases across all loan categories; excluding construction and land loans and commercial business loans.

Nonperforming assets (“NPAs”), which are comprised of nonaccrual loans; (including nonperforming modified loans), other real estate owned (“OREO”) and other repossessed assets, increased $5.6 million, or 135.9%, to $9.7 million at March 31, 2024, from $4.1 million at December 31, 2023 and increased $7.9 million, or 421.9%, from $1.9 million at March 31, 2023. The increase in NPAs from December 31, 2023 was primarily due to the addition of $8.0 million to nonaccrual status, which included a $3.7 million matured commercial real estate loan in process of securing financing from another lender, $3.2 million for two floating homes loans to a single borrower, and a $1.0 million commercial real estate loan, all of which are well secured, and one manufactured home loan of $115 thousand that was repossessed in the first quarter of 2024. These increases in NPAs were partially offset by the payoff of one large commercial business loan totaling $2.1 million, the return of three loans to accrual status, and normal payment amortization. The increase from one year ago was primarily due to the large additions noted above and one manufactured home loan of $115 thousand that was repossessed in the first quarter of 2024. These increases in NPAs were partially offset by payoffs of $343 thousand, the return of five loans to accrual status, charge-offs of $48 thousand, and normal amortization.

NPAs to total assets were 0.90%, 0.42% and 0.19% at March 31, 2024, December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023, respectively. The allowance for credit losses on loans to total loans outstanding was 0.96%, 0.98% and 0.98% at March 31, 2024, December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023, respectively. Net loan charge-offs for the first quarter of 2024 totaled $56 thousand, compared to $15 thousand for the fourth quarter of 2023, and $72 thousand for the first quarter of 2023.

The following table summarizes our NPAs at the dates indicated (dollars in thousands):

(1)This balance represents one commercial property. Subsequent to March 31, 2024, this property was sold for a small net gain on sale.

The following table summarizes the allowance for credit losses at the dates and for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands, unaudited):

(1)    Represents the impact of adopting ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses on January 1, 2023. Since that date, as a result of adopting ASU 2016-13, our methodology to compute our allowance for credit losses has been based on a current expected credit loss methodology, rather than the previously applied incurred loss methodology.

Deposits increased $90.3 million, or 10.9%, to $916.9 million at March 31, 2024, from $826.5 million at December 31, 2023 and increased $75.2 million, or 8.9%, from $841.6 million at March 31, 2023. The increase in deposits compared to the prior quarter-end was primarily a result of the movement of reciprocal deposits off balance sheet for strategic objectives at year-end, followed by the return of those deposits to our balance sheet in the first quarter of 2024. Additionally, the increase related to higher balances for existing depositors and an increase in certificate accounts, partially offset by lower public funds accounts and brokered money market deposits. The increase in deposits compared to one year ago was a result of an increase in certificate accounts and money market accounts, including $64.2 million of related party deposits, which were primarily used to fund organic loan growth, partially offset by decreases in noninterest-bearing and interest-bearing demand accounts and savings accounts as interest rate sensitive clients moved a portion of their non-operating deposit balances from lower costing deposits, including noninterest-bearing deposits, into higher costing money market and time deposits. Our noninterest-bearing deposits increased $1.9 million, or 1.5%, to $128.7 million at March 31, 2024, compared to $126.7 million at December 31, 2023 and decreased $44.4 million, or 25.7%, from $173.1 million at March 31, 2023. Noninterest-bearing deposits represented 14.0%, 15.3% and 20.6% of total deposits at March 31, 2024, December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023, respectively.

FHLB advances totaled $40.0 million at both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, compared to $35.0 million at March 31, 2023. FHLB advances are primarily used to support organic loan growth and to maintain liquidity ratios in line with our asset/liability objectives. FHLB advances outstanding at March 31, 2024 had maturities ranging from late 2024 through early 2028. Subordinated notes, net totaled $11.7 million at each of March 31, 2024, December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023.

Stockholders’ equity totaled $101.0 million at March 31, 2024, an increase of $338 thousand, or 0.3%, from $100.7 million at December 31, 2023, and an increase of $2.4 million, or 2.4%, from $98.6 million at March 31, 2023. The increase in stockholders’ equity from December 31, 2023 was primarily the result of $770 thousand of net income earned during the current quarter and a $62 thousand decrease in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, partially offset by the payment of $486 thousand in cash dividends to the Company's stockholders.

Sound Financial Bancorp, Inc., a bank holding company, is the parent company of Sound Community Bank, and is headquartered in Seattle, Washington with full-service branches in Seattle, Tacoma, Mountlake Terrace, Sequim, Port Angeles, Port Ludlow and University Place. Sound Community Bank is a Fannie Mae Approved Lender and Seller/Servicer with one loan production office located in the Madison Park neighborhood of Seattle, Washington. For more information, please visit www.soundcb.com.

Factors which could cause actual results to differ materially, include, but are not limited to: potential adverse impacts to economic conditions in the Company’s local market areas, other markets where the Company has lending relationships, or other aspects of the Company's business operations or financial markets, including, without limitation, as a result of employment levels, labor shortages and the effects of inflation or deflation, a potential recession or slowed economic growth, as well as supply chain disruptions; changes in the interest rate environment, including the past increases in the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the Federal Reserve) benchmark rate and duration at which such increased interest rate levels are maintained, which could adversely affect our revenues and expenses, the values of our assets and obligations, and the availability and cost of capital and liquidity; the impact of continuing high inflation and the current and future monetary policies of the Federal Reserve in response thereto; the effects of any federal government shutdown; the impact of bank failures or adverse developments at other banks and related negative press about the banking industry in general on investor and depositor sentiment; changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits; fluctuations in interest rates; the risks of lending and investing activities, including changes in the level and direction of loan delinquencies and write-offs and changes in estimates of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses; the Company's ability to access cost-effective funding; fluctuations in real estate values and both residential and commercial real estate market conditions; demand for loans and deposits in the Company's market area; secondary market conditions for loans; results of examinations of the Company or the Bank by their regulators; increased competition; changes in management's business strategies; legislative changes; changes in the regulatory and tax environments in which the Company operates; disruptions, security breaches, or other adverse events, failures or interruptions in, or attacks on, our information technology systems or on the third-party vendors who perform several of our critical processing functions; the effects of climate change, severe weather events, natural disasters, pandemics, epidemics and other public health crises, acts of war or terrorism, and other external events on our business; and other factors described in the Company's latest Annual Report on Form 10-K and subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and other documents filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission, which are available at www.soundcb.com and on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov. The risks inherent in these factors could cause the Company's actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by, or on behalf of, the Company and could negatively affect the Company's operating and stock performance.

(1)Net interest income divided by average interest earning assets.

(2)Noninterest expense divided by total revenue (net interest income and noninterest income).

The following tables present, for the periods indicated, the total dollar amount of interest income from average interest-earning assets and the resultant yields, as well as the interest expense on average interest-bearing liabilities, expressed both in dollars and rates. Income and yields on tax-exempt obligations have not been computed on a tax equivalent basis. All average balances are daily average balances. Nonaccrual loans have been included in the table as loans carrying a zero yield for the period they have been on nonaccrual (dollars in thousands).

(1)Total funding is the sum of average interest-bearing liabilities and average noninterest-bearing deposits. The cost of total funding is calculated as annualized total interest expense divided by average total funding.

(1)Includes $5.0 million of brokered deposits at December 31, 2023.

 

						At or For the Quarter Ended
						March 31, 2024						December 31, 2023						September 30, 2023						June 30, 2023						March 31, 2023
Total nonperforming loans						$	9,053					$	3,556					$	1,762					$	1,511					$	1,293
OREO and other repossessed assets						690						575						575						575						575
Total nonperforming assets						$	9,743					$	4,131					$	2,337					$	2,086					$	1,868
Net charge-offs during the quarter						$	(56)					$	(15)					$	(3)					$	(73)					$	(72)
(Release of) provision for credit losses during the quarter						(33)						(27)						75						(331)						10
Allowance for credit losses - loans						8,598						8,760						8,438						8,217						8,532
Allowance for credit losses - loans to total loans						0.96		%				0.98		%				0.96		%				0.96		%				0.98		%
Allowance for credit losses - loans to total nonperforming loans						94.97		%				246.34		%				478.89		%				543.81		%				659.86		%
Nonperforming loans to total loans						1.01		%				0.40		%				0.20		%				0.18		%				0.15		%
Nonperforming assets to total assets						0.90		%				0.42		%				0.23		%				0.21		%				0.19		%