LINCOLN, Neb., November 7, 2024 - Nelnet (NYSE: NNI) today reported GAAP net income of $2.4 million, or $0.07 per share, for the third quarter of 2024, compared with GAAP net income of $44.4 million, or $1.18 per share, for the same period a year ago.

Net income, excluding derivative market value adjustments1, was $12.4 million, or $0.34 per share, for the third quarter of 2024, compared with $42.0 million, or $1.12 per share, for the same period in 2023.

The third quarter 2024 operating results included the following items.

•A non-cash provision expense of $29.0 million ($22.0 million after tax, or $0.60 per share) related to the company's ownership of beneficial interest in loan securitizations. A credit allowance was recorded on certain of these investments due to a change in estimate of future cash flows caused primarily by an increase in cumulative net loss rates for certain transactions and loan vintages. Over the life of these securitizations, the company still anticipates attractive returns on the overall pool of these investments.

•A non-cash expense of $5.6 million ($4.3 million after tax, or $0.12 per share) as a result of writing off the remaining unamortized debt discount costs related to the early redemption of certain higher-cost debt securities.

•Losses of $11.2 million ($5.5 million after tax and noncontrolling interest, or $0.15 per share) related to tax equity investments in solar. The accounting for these investments under the Hypothetical Liquidation at Book Value method of accounting accelerates losses in the initial years of these transactions, but has no impact on the expectations of overall attractive returns on these investments.

•An expense of $8.8 million ($6.7 million after tax, or $0.18 per share) related to estimated losses on legacy solar construction projects. As previously disclosed, the company believes its solar engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) business is making progress in repositioning the business for long-term profitable success.

Nelnet has four reportable operating segments, earning interest income on loans in its Asset Generation and Management (AGM) and Nelnet Bank segments, both part of the company's Nelnet Financial Services (NFS) division, and fee-based revenue in its Loan Servicing and Systems (referred to as Nelnet Diversified Services (NDS)) and Education Technology Services and Payments (referred to as Nelnet Business Services (NBS)) segments. Other business activities and operating segments that are not reportable and not part of the NFS division are combined and included in Corporate Activities.

"Despite the third quarter's noise, Nelnet remains a strong, diversified company," said Jeff Noordhoek, chief executive officer of Nelnet. “Nelnet's primary businesses include consumer lending, loan servicing, payments, and technology all with a large customer emphasis in education. All these areas are well positioned for long-term growth. As we enter the fourth quarter, NBS is having a great year, NFS is advancing our asset investment strategy as legacy guaranteed student loan assets runoff, and while NDS is transitioning to the USDS contract, we are optimistic about the future with our existing and new loan servicing opportunities.”

The AGM operating segment reported loan and investment net interest income of $38.4 million during the third quarter of 2024, compared with $51.5 million for the same period a year ago. As discussed above, net interest income for the third quarter of 2024 included a $5.6 million expense recognized by the company as a result of redeeming bonds prior to their maturity. Although an increase in loan spread2 partially offset the decrease, the remaining decrease in net interest income in 2024 compared to 2023 resulted from the anticipated runoff of the Federal Family Education Loan Program (FFELP) loan portfolio. The average balance of loans outstanding decreased from $13.2 billion for the third quarter of 2023 to $9.8 billion for the same period in 2024.

Included in AGM's operating results for the third quarter of 2024 was a provision expense of $29.0 million ($22.0 million after tax) related to certain of the company's residual ownership investments in loan securitizations, as discussed above, and a provision for loan losses of $12.0 million ($9.1 million after tax) related to the company's loan portfolio.

In addition, AGM recognized a loss of $9.5 million ($7.2 million after tax) related to changes in the fair value of derivative instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting, compared with income of $1.2 million ($0.9 million after tax) for the same period in 2023.

1 Net income, excluding derivative market value adjustments, is a non-GAAP measure. See "Non-GAAP Performance Measures" at the end of this press release and the "Non-GAAP Disclosures" section below for explanatory information and reconciliations of GAAP to non-GAAP financial information.

2 Loan spread represents the spread between the yield earned on loan assets and the costs of the liabilities and derivative instruments used to fund the assets.

AGM recognized a net loss after tax of $12.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared with net income of $30.8 million for the same period in 2023.

As of September 30, 2024, Nelnet Bank had a $559.9 million and $680.3 million loan and investment portfolio, respectively, and total deposits, including intercompany deposits, of $1.15 billion. Nelnet Bank reported a net loss after tax for the three months ended September 30, 2024 of $3.6 million, compared with net income of $1.7 million for the same period in 2023. Nelnet Bank recognized provision for loan losses in the third quarter of 2024 of $6.1 million ($4.6 million after tax), due primarily from the establishment of an initial allowance for loans originated and acquired during the period.

Revenue from the Loan Servicing and Systems segment was $108.2 million for the third quarter of 2024, compared with $127.9 million for the same period in 2023. On April 1, 2024, the company began to earn revenue under its new Unified Servicing and Data Solution (USDS) contract which replaced its legacy student loan servicing contract with the Department of Education (Department). Revenue earned under the USDS contract on a per borrower blended basis is lower than the legacy contract.

As of September 30, 2024, the company was servicing $526.6 billion in government-owned, FFELP, private education, and consumer loans for 15.5 million borrowers, compared with $539.3 billion in servicing volume for 16.2 million borrowers as of September 30, 2023.

In June 2024, following the completion of significant technology initiatives due to the transition from the legacy servicing contract to the new USDS contract, the company incurred a restructuring charge of which $4.1 million ($3.1 million after tax, or $0.09 per share) was recognized in the third quarter of 2024.

The Loan Servicing and Systems segment reported a net loss after tax of $3.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared with net income of $18.6 million for the same period in 2023. The company expects this segment's operating results will improve in future periods as the full impact of its cost-saving measures take effect and new third-party servicing opportunities convert to the company's platform.

For the third quarter of 2024, revenue from the Education Technology Services and Payments operating segment was $118.2 million, an increase from $113.8 million for the same period in 2023. Revenue less direct costs to provide services for the third quarter of 2024 was $72.9 million, compared with $70.1 million for the same period in 2023.

Net income after tax for the Education Technology Services and Payments segment was $20.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared with $16.8 million for the same period in 2023.

Included in Corporate Activities are the operating results of the company's 45 percent voting membership interest in ALLO Holdings LLC, a holding company for ALLO Communications LLC (ALLO). During the third quarter of 2023, the company recognized a loss on its ALLO voting membership interest investment of $17.3 million ($13.1 million after tax). The company has no remaining carrying value related to this investment in ALLO. Accordingly, no losses were recognized on this investment in the third quarter of 2024, and absent additional voting membership equity contributions, the company will not recognize future losses on this investment.

For the third quarter of 2024, the company reported a loss of $10.1 million ($7.7 million after tax) in its solar EPC business, compared with a loss of $4.9 million ($3.0 million after tax and noncontrolling interest) for the same period in 2023. The 2024 loss includes the estimated losses on legacy construction projects as discussed above. The company has a handful of remaining legacy construction contracts to complete, down from over 30 at the beginning of 2024.

The Nelnet Board of Directors declared a fourth-quarter cash dividend on the company's outstanding shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock of $0.28 per share. The dividend will be paid on December 16, 2024, to shareholders of record at the close of business on December 2, 2024.

This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of federal securities laws. The words “anticipate,” “assume," "believe,” “continue,” “could,” "ensure," “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “future,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” "scheduled," “should,” “will,” “would,” and similar expressions, as well as statements in future tense, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are based on management's current expectations as of the date of this release and are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, assumptions, and other factors that may cause the actual results and performance to be materially different from any future results or performance expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: risks related to the ability to successfully maintain and increase allocated volumes of student loans serviced by the company under existing and future servicing contracts with the Department of Education, risks related to unfavorable contract modifications or interpretations, and risks related to the company's ability to comply with agreements with third-party customers for the servicing of Federal Direct Loan Program, FFEL Program, private education, and consumer loans; loan portfolio risks such as prepayments, credit risk, interest rate basis and repricing risk, risks related to the use of derivatives to manage exposure to interest rate fluctuations, uncertainties regarding the expected benefits from purchased securitized and unsecuritized FFEL Program, private education, consumer, and other loans, or investment interests therein, and initiatives to purchase additional FFEL Program, private education, consumer, and other loans; financing and liquidity risks, including risks of changes in the interest rate environment; risks from changes in the terms of education loans and in the educational credit and services markets resulting from changes in applicable laws, regulations, and government programs and budgets; risks related to a breach of or failure in the company's operational or information systems or infrastructure, or those of third-party vendors, including disclosure of confidential or personal information and/or damage to reputation resulting from cyber breaches; risks related to use of artificial intelligence; uncertainties inherent in forecasting future cash flows from student loan assets and related asset-backed securitizations; risks related to the ability of Nelnet Bank to achieve its business objectives and effectively deploy loan and deposit strategies and achieve expected market penetration; risks related to the expected benefits to the company from its continuing investment in ALLO and Hudl, and risks related to investments in solar projects, including risks of not being able to realize tax credits which remain subject to recapture by taxing authorities and rising construction costs; risks and uncertainties related to other initiatives to pursue additional strategic investments (and anticipated income therefrom) including venture capital and real estate investments, reinsurance, acquisitions, and other activities (including risks associated with errors that occasionally occur in converting loan servicing portfolios to a new servicing platform), including activities that are intended to diversify the company both within and outside of its historical core education-related businesses; risks from changes in economic conditions and consumer behavior; risks related to the company's ability to adapt to technological change; risks related to the exclusive forum provisions in the company's articles of incorporation; risks related to the company's executive chairman's ability to control matters related to the company through voting rights; risks related to related party transactions; risks and uncertainties associated with climate change; risks related to natural disasters, terrorist activities, or international hostilities; and risks and uncertainties associated with litigation matters and maintaining compliance with the extensive regulatory requirements applicable to the company's businesses, and uncertainties inherent in the estimates and assumptions about future events that management is required to make in the preparation of the company's consolidated financial statements.

For more information, see the "Risk Factors" sections and other cautionary discussions of risks and uncertainties included in documents filed or furnished by the company with the Securities and Exchange Commission. All forward-looking statements in this release are as of the date of this release. Although the company may voluntarily update or revise its forward-looking statements from time to time to reflect actual results or changes in the company's expectations, the company disclaims any commitment to do so except as required by law.

The company prepares its financial statements and presents its financial results in accordance with U.S. GAAP. However, it also provides additional non-GAAP financial information related to specific items management believes to be important in the evaluation of its operating results and performance. Reconciliations of GAAP to non-GAAP financial information, and a discussion of why the company believes providing this additional information is useful to investors, is provided in the "Non-GAAP Disclosures" section below.

(unaudited)

(1)    During the second quarter of 2024, the company identified certain immaterial errors in the previously issued consolidated financial statements that have been corrected to conform to the September 30, 2024 presentation. Refer to the company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended September 30, 2024 that was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 7, 2024 for additional information.

(Dollars in thousands)

(unaudited)

(1)    During the second quarter of 2024, the company identified certain immaterial errors in the previously issued consolidated financial statements that have been corrected to conform to the September 30, 2024 presentation. Refer to the company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended September 30, 2024 that was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 7, 2024 for additional information.

Contacts:

Media, Ben Kiser, 402.458.3024, or Investors, Phil Morgan, 402.458.3038, both of Nelnet, Inc.

(unaudited)

Non-GAAP financial measures disclosed by management are meant to provide additional information and insight relative to business trends to investors and, in certain cases, to present financial information as measured by rating agencies and other users of financial information. These measures are not in accordance with, or a substitute for, GAAP and may be different from, or inconsistent with, non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies. The company reports this non-GAAP information because the company believes that it provides additional information regarding operational and performance indicators that are closely assessed by management. There is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for the presentation of such non-GAAP information, which is only meant to supplement GAAP results by providing additional information that management utilizes to assess performance.

(a)    "Derivative market value adjustments" includes both the realized portion of gains and losses (corresponding to variation margin received or paid on derivative instruments that are settled daily at a central clearinghouse) and the unrealized portion of gains and losses that are caused by changes in fair values of derivatives which do not qualify for "hedge treatment" under GAAP. "Derivative market value adjustments" does not include "derivative settlements" that represent the cash paid or received during the current period to settle with derivative instrument counterparties the economic effect of the company's derivative instruments based on their contractual terms.

The accounting for derivatives requires that changes in the fair value of derivative instruments be recognized currently in earnings, with no fair value adjustment of the hedged item, unless specific hedge accounting criteria is met. Management has structured all of the company’s derivative transactions with the intent that each is economically effective; however, the company’s derivative instruments do not qualify for hedge accounting in the consolidated financial statements. As a result, the change in fair value of derivative instruments is reported in current period earnings with no consideration for the corresponding change in fair value of the hedged item. Under GAAP, the cumulative net realized and unrealized gain or loss caused by changes in fair values of derivatives in which the company plans to hold to maturity will equal zero over the life of the contract. However, the net realized and unrealized gain or loss during any given reporting period fluctuates significantly from period to period.

The company believes these point-in-time estimates of asset and liability values related to its derivative instruments that are subject to interest rate fluctuations are subject to volatility mostly due to timing and market factors beyond the control of management, and affect the period-to-period comparability of the results of operations. Accordingly, the company’s management utilizes operating results excluding these items for comparability purposes when making decisions regarding the company’s performance and in presentations with credit rating agencies, lenders, and investors.

(b)    The tax effects are calculated by multiplying the realized and unrealized derivative market value adjustments by the applicable statutory income tax rate.

For Release: November 7, 2024

Investor Contact: Phil Morgan, 402.458.3038

The following information should be read in connection with Nelnet, Inc.'s (the “Company's”) press release for third quarter 2024 earnings, dated November 7, 2024, and the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2024 (the "Q3 2024 10-Q Quarterly Report").

This report contains forward-looking statements and information that are based on management's current expectations as of the date of this document. Statements that are not historical facts, including statements about the Company's plans and expectations for future financial condition, results of operations or economic performance, or that address management's plans and objectives for future operations, and statements that assume or are dependent upon future events, are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “assume,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “ensure,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “future,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “scheduled,” “should,” “will,” “would,” and similar expressions, as well as statements in future tense, are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

The forward-looking statements are based on assumptions and analyses made by management in light of management's experience and its perception of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments, and other factors that management believes are appropriate under the circumstances. These statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, assumptions, and other factors that may cause the actual results and performance to be materially different from any future results or performance expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These factors include, among others, the risks and uncertainties set forth in the “Risk Factors” section of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the "2023 Annual Report"), and include such risks and uncertainties as:

•risks related to the ability to successfully maintain and increase allocated volumes of student loans serviced by the Company under existing and future servicing contracts with the Department, risks related to unfavorable contract modifications or interpretations, and risks related to the Company's ability to comply with agreements with third-party customers for the servicing of Federal Direct Loan Program, Federal Family Education Loan Program (the "FFEL Program" or FFELP), private education, and consumer loans;

•loan portfolio risks such as prepayment risk, credit risk, interest rate basis and repricing risk, risks related to the use of derivatives to manage exposure to interest rate fluctuations, uncertainties regarding the expected benefits from purchased securitized and unsecuritized FFELP, private education, consumer, and other loans, or investment interests therein, and initiatives to purchase additional FFELP, private education, consumer, and other loans;

•financing and liquidity risks, including risks of changes in the interest rate environment;

•risks from changes in the terms of education loans and in the educational credit and services markets resulting from changes in applicable laws, regulations, and government programs and budgets;

•risks related to a breach of or failure in the Company's operational or information systems or infrastructure, or those of third-party vendors, including disclosure of confidential or personal information and/or damage to reputation resulting from cyber breaches;

•risks related to use of artificial intelligence;

•uncertainties inherent in forecasting future cash flows from student loan assets and related asset-backed securitizations;

•risks related to the ability of Nelnet Bank to achieve its business objectives and effectively deploy loan and deposit strategies and achieve expected market penetration;

•risks related to the expected benefits to the Company from its continuing investment in ALLO Holdings, LLC (referred to collectively with its subsidiary ALLO Communications LLC as "ALLO"), and risks related to investments in solar projects, including risks of not being able to realize tax credits which remain subject to recapture by taxing authorities and rising construction costs;

•risks and uncertainties related to other initiatives to pursue additional strategic investments (and anticipated income therefrom) including venture capital and real estate investments, reinsurance, acquisitions, and other activities (including risks associated with errors that occasionally occur in converting loan servicing portfolios to a new servicing platform), including activities that are intended to diversify the Company both within and outside of its historical core education-related businesses;

•risks and uncertainties associated with climate change; and

•risks and uncertainties associated with litigation matters and maintaining compliance with the extensive regulatory requirements applicable to the Company's businesses, and uncertainties inherent in the estimates and assumptions about future events that management is required to make in the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

All forward-looking statements contained in this supplement are qualified by these cautionary statements and are made only as of the date of this document. Although the Company may from time to time voluntarily update or revise its prior forward-looking statements to reflect actual results or changes in the Company's expectations, the Company disclaims any commitment to do so except as required by law.

(1)    During the second quarter of 2024, the Company identified certain immaterial errors in the previously issued consolidated financial statements that have been corrected to conform to the September 30, 2024 presentation. Refer to the Company's Q3 2024 10-Q Quarterly Report that was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 7, 2024 for additional information.

(1)    During the second quarter of 2024, the Company identified certain immaterial errors in the previously issued consolidated financial statements that have been corrected to conform to the September 30, 2024 presentation. Refer to the Company's Q3 2024 10-Q Quarterly Report that was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 7, 2024 for additional information.

The Company is a diversified hybrid holding company with primary businesses being consumer lending, loan servicing, payments, and technology - all with a large customer emphasis in the education space. The largest operating businesses engage in loan servicing and education technology services and payments. A significant portion of the Company's revenue is net interest income earned on a portfolio of federally insured student loans. The Company also makes investments to further diversify both within and outside of its historical core education-related businesses including, but not limited to, investments in a fiber communications company (ALLO), early-stage and emerging growth companies (venture capital investments), real estate, reinsurance, and renewable energy (solar). The Company is also actively expanding its private education, consumer, and other loan portfolios, and in November 2020 launched Nelnet Bank.

During the second quarter of 2024, the Company identified certain immaterial errors in the previously issued consolidated financial statements that have been corrected to conform to the September 30, 2024 presentation. Refer to the Company's Q3 2024 10-Q Quarterly Report that was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 7, 2024 for additional information.

The Company prepares its financial statements and presents its financial results in accordance with GAAP. However, it also provides additional non-GAAP financial information related to specific items management believes to be important in the evaluation of its operating results and performance. A reconciliation of the Company's GAAP net income to Non-GAAP net income, excluding derivative market value adjustments, and a discussion of why the Company believes providing this additional information is useful to investors, is provided below.

(a) "Derivative market value adjustments" includes both the realized portion of gains and losses (corresponding to variation margin received or paid on derivative instruments that are settled daily at a central clearinghouse) and the unrealized portion of gains and losses that are caused by changes in fair values of derivatives which do not qualify for "hedge treatment" under GAAP. "Derivative market value adjustments" does not include "derivative settlements" that represent the cash paid or received during the respective period to settle with derivative instrument counterparties the economic effect of the Company's derivative instruments based on their contractual terms.

The accounting for derivatives requires that changes in the fair value of derivative instruments be recognized currently in earnings, with no fair value adjustment of the hedged item, unless specific hedge accounting criteria is met. Management has structured all of the Company’s derivative transactions with the intent that each is economically effective; however, the Company’s derivative instruments do not qualify for hedge accounting in the consolidated financial statements. As a result, the change in fair value of derivative instruments is reported in current period earnings with no consideration for the corresponding change in fair value of the hedged item. Under GAAP, the cumulative net realized and unrealized gain or loss caused by changes in fair values of derivatives in which the Company plans to hold to maturity will equal zero over the life of the contract. However, the net realized and unrealized gain or loss during any given reporting period fluctuates significantly from period to period.

The Company believes these point-in-time estimates of asset and liability values related to its derivative instruments that are subject to interest rate fluctuations are subject to volatility mostly due to timing and market factors beyond the control of management, and affect the period-to-period comparability of the results of operations. Accordingly, the Company’s management utilizes operating results excluding these items for comparability purposes when making decisions regarding the Company’s performance and in presentations with credit rating agencies, lenders, and investors. Consequently, the Company reports this non-GAAP information because the Company believes that it provides additional information regarding operational and performance indicators that are closely assessed by management. There is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for the presentation of such non-GAAP information, which is only meant to supplement GAAP results by providing additional information that management utilizes to assess performance.

(b) The tax effects are calculated by multiplying the realized and unrealized derivative market value adjustments by the applicable statutory income tax rate.

The Company's reportable operating segments are described in note 1 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in the 2023 Annual Report. They include:

•Loan Servicing and Systems (LSS) - referred to as Nelnet Diversified Services (NDS)

•Education Technology Services and Payments (ETSP) - referred to as Nelnet Business Services (NBS)

•Asset Generation and Management (AGM), part of the Nelnet Financial Services (NFS) division

•Nelnet Bank, part of the NFS division

The Company earns fee-based revenue through its NDS and NBS reportable operating segments. The Company earns net interest income on its loan portfolio, consisting primarily of FFELP loans, through its AGM reportable operating segment. This segment is expected to generate significant amounts of cash as the FFELP portfolio amortizes. The Company actively works to maximize the amount and timing of cash flows generated from its FFELP portfolio and seeks to acquire additional loan assets to leverage its servicing scale and expertise to generate incremental earnings and cash flow. Nelnet Bank operates as an internet industrial bank franchise focused on the private education and unsecured consumer loan markets, with a home office in Salt Lake City, Utah. Other operating segments included in the NFS division include the Company's U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)-registered investment advisor subsidiary, property and casualty reinsurance activities, investment activities in real estate, and investment debt securities (primarily student loan and other asset-backed securities) and interest expense incurred on debt used to finance such investments.

Other business activities and operating segments that are not reportable and not part of the NFS division are combined and included in Corporate and Other Activities ("Corporate"). Corporate also includes interest income earned on cash balances held at the corporate level and interest expense incurred on unsecured and secured corporate related debt transactions, certain investment activities including its investment in ALLO and early-stage and emerging growth companies (venture capital investments), and certain shared service activities that are allocated to each operating segment based on estimated use of such activities and services. In addition, Corporate includes corporate costs and overhead functions not allocated to operating segments, including executive management, investments in innovation, and other holding company organizational costs.

The information below presents the operating results (net income (loss) before taxes) for each of the Company's reportable and certain other operating segments reconciled to the consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

The following tables present the results of each of the Company's reportable operating segments reconciled to the consolidated financial statements.

The following table presents disaggregated revenue by service offering for the Loan Servicing and Systems operating segment.