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x    QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

o    TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant

was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x

As of August 1, 2025, the registrant had 131,839,915 shares of common stock outstanding.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the securities laws. All statements that reflect our expectations, assumptions or projections about the future, other than statements of historical fact, are forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, statements relating to future operations and financial performance (including volume growth, pricing, sales and cash flows) and statements regarding our strategy for growth, future product development, regulatory approvals, competitive position and expenditures. These statements include, but are not limited to, statements related to our expectations regarding the performance of our business, our financial results, our operations, our liquidity and capital resources, the conditions in our industry and our growth strategy. In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as “believe,” “aim,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “goal,” “have confidence,” “intend,” “likely,” “look to,” “may,” “potential,” “outlook,” “guidance,” “project,” “plan,” “seek,” “see,” “should,” “will,” “will be,” “will continue,” “will likely,” and other words and terms of similar meaning or the negative versions of such words. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may change at any time, and actual results or outcomes may differ materially from those that we expected. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties, and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in any forward-looking statements we make are based on reasonable assumptions, we can give no assurance that these expectations will be met and it is possible that actual results may differ materially from those indicated by these forward-looking statements due to a variety of risks and uncertainties.

Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to:

• unfavorable macroeconomic conditions including inflationary pressures and higher interest rates;

• the failure to retain current customers, renew existing customer contracts and obtain new customer contracts, which could result in continued stock volatility and potential future goodwill impairment charges;

• competition in our industry;

• our ability to comply with certain financial ratios, tests and covenants in our credit agreement, including the net leverage ratio;

• our significant indebtedness and ability to meet debt obligations and our reliance on an accounts receivable securitization facility;

• increases in fuel and energy costs and other supply chain challenges and disruptions, including as a result of ongoing military conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East;

• implementation of new or increased tariffs and ongoing changes in U.S. and foreign government trade policies, including potential modifications to existing trade agreements and retaliatory measures by foreign governments;

• increased operating costs and obstacles to cost recovery due to the pricing and cancellation terms of our support services contracts;

• a determination by our customers to reduce their outsourcing or use of preferred vendors;

• the outcome of legal proceedings to which we are or may become subject;

• risks associated with suppliers from whom our products are sourced;

• challenge of contracts by our customers;

• currency risks and other risks associated with international operations, including compliance with a broad range of laws and regulations, including the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act;

• increases in labor costs or inability to hire and retain key or sufficient qualified personnel;

• continued or further unionization of our workforce or any labor strikes;

• our expansion strategy and our ability to successfully integrate the businesses we acquire and costs and timing related thereto;

• natural disasters, global calamities, climate change, pandemics, and other adverse incidents;

• liability resulting from our participation in multiemployer-defined benefit pension plans;

• liability associated with noncompliance with applicable law or other governmental regulations;

• laws and governmental regulations including those relating to the environment, wage and hour and government contracting;

• unanticipated changes in tax law;

• new interpretations of or changes in the enforcement of the government regulatory framework;

• a cybersecurity incident or other disruptions in the availability of our computer systems or privacy breaches; • stakeholder expectations relating to environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) considerations which may

expose us to liabilities and other adverse effects on our business;

• any failure by Aramark to perform its obligations under the various separation agreements entered into in connection with the Separation;

• a determination by the IRS that the Separation or certain related transactions are taxable.

The above list of factors is not exhaustive or necessarily in order of importance. For additional information on identifying factors that may cause actual results to vary materially from those stated in forward-looking statements, see the discussions under Item 1A "Risk Factors," Item 3 "Legal Proceedings" and Item 7 "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and other sections of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on November 22, 2024 and any updates or amendments we make in future filings. There may be other factors not presently known to us or which we currently consider to be immaterial that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those projected in any forward-looking statements we make. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we assume no obligation to update or revise such statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.

__________________

(1) Includes $9.5 million of cumulative currency translation adjustment that was derecognized as a result of the Company's sale of its equity method investment during the nine months ended June 27, 2025.

(2) The issuance of common stock in connection with the Separation consists of 130.7 million shares of common stock distributed and 0.5 million shares contributed to an Aramark donor advised fund for charitable contributions.

Vestis Corporation ("Vestis", the "Company", "our",“we” or “us”) is a leading provider of uniforms and workplace supplies across the United States and Canada. The Company provides uniforms, mats, towels, linens, restroom supplies, first-aid supplies and safety products. The Company’s customer base participates in a wide variety of industries, including manufacturing, hospitality, retail, government, automotive, healthcare, food processing and pharmaceuticals. The Company serves customers ranging from small, family-owned operations with a single location to large corporations and national franchises with multiple locations. The Company’s customers value the uniforms and workplace supplies it delivers as its services and products can help them reduce operating costs, enhance their brand image, maintain a safe and clean workplace and focus on their core business. The Company leverages its broad footprint and its supply chain, delivery fleet and route logistics capabilities to serve customers on a recurring basis, typically weekly, and primarily through multi-year contracts. In addition, the Company offers customized uniforms through direct sales agreements, typically for large, regional or national companies.

The Company manages and evaluates its business activities based on geography and, as a result, determined that its United States and Canada businesses are its operating segments. The Company’s operating segments are also its reportable segments. The United States and Canada reportable segments both provide a range of uniforms and workplace supplies programs. The Company’s uniforms business (“Uniforms”) generates revenue from the rental, servicing and direct sale of uniforms to customers, including the design, sourcing, manufacturing, customization, personalization, delivery, laundering, sanitization, repair and replacement of uniforms. The uniform options include shirts, pants, outerwear, gowns, scrubs, high visibility garments, particulate-free garments and flame-resistant garments, along with shoes and accessories. The Company’s workplace supplies business (“Workplace Supplies”) generates revenue from the rental and servicing of workplace supplies, including managed restroom supply services, first-aid supplies and safety products, floor mats, towels and linens.

On September 30, 2023 (the "Distribution Date"), Aramark completed the previously announced spin-off of Vestis (the “Separation”). The Separation was completed through a distribution of the Company's common stock to holders of record of Aramark’s common stock as of the close of business on September 20, 2023 (the “Distribution”), which resulted in the issuance of approximately 131.2 million shares of common stock, which includes 0.5 million shares contributed to an Aramark donor advised fund for charitable contributions. Aramark stockholders of record received one share of Vestis common stock for every two shares of common stock, par value $0.01, of Aramark. As a result of the Separation, the Company became an independent public company. Our common stock is listed under the symbol “VSTS” on the NYSE. In connection with the Separation, the Company entered into or adopted several agreements that provide a framework for the relationship between the Company and Aramark. See Note 13. "Related Parties" for more information on these agreements.

During the nine months ended June 28, 2024, certain Separation-related adjustments were recorded which included a net increase in total equity of $6.4 million. These adjustments primarily consisted of: (a) cash transfers paid to Aramark of $6.1 million to settle transactions related to the Separation, and (b) adjustments to the Company's deferred income tax liabilities totaling $12.7 million, net. No Separation-related adjustments were recorded that impacted equity for the three and nine months ended June 27, 2025.

The Consolidated Financial Statements (the "Financial Statements") were prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) applicable to interim financial statements. The Financial Statements reflect the historical results of operations and comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended June 27, 2025 and June 28, 2024, the financial position as of June 27, 2025 and September 27, 2024, and the cash flows for the nine months ended June 27, 2025 and June 28, 2024 for the Company and are denominated in United States (“U.S.”) dollars.

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the Consolidated Financial Statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations, although the Company believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information not misleading. These Consolidated Financial Statements reflect, in the opinion of management, all material adjustments (which include only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to fairly state, in all material respects, the Company's financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. All intercompany transactions and balances within the Company have been eliminated.

It is suggested that these Consolidated Financial Statements be read in conjunction with the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 27, 2024. There have been no material changes in the accounting policies and accounting standard updates followed by the Company during the current fiscal year.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. The Company utilizes key estimates in preparing the financial statements including revenue recognition, litigation and claims, environmental estimates, goodwill, intangibles, allowance for credit losses, inventories and rental merchandise in service, costs to obtain a contract, insurance reserves, income taxes and long-lived assets. These estimates are based on historical information, current trends and information available from other sources. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value are classified based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their fair value. The hierarchical levels related to the subjectivity of the valuation inputs are defined as follows:

•Level 1—inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets

•Level 2—inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument

•Level 3—inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement

The Company’s financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, financing leases, derivatives and borrowings. Management believes that the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, financing leases and borrowings are representative of their respective fair values. All derivatives are recognized as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet at fair value at the end of each quarter (refer to Note 5. "Derivative Instruments" for additional information).

The Company’s assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis include assets held for sale, long-lived assets, indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill. The Company reviews the carrying amounts of such assets at least annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

Any resulting asset impairment would require that the asset be recorded at its fair value. The resulting fair value measurement of the assets are considered to be Level 3 measurements.

Receivables represent amounts due from customers and are presented net of allowance for credit losses. Judgment and estimates are used in determining the collectability of receivables and evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses. The Company estimates and reserves for its credit loss exposure based on historical experience, current general and specific industry economic conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount in estimating credit losses. Credit loss expense is classified within Selling, general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The allowance for credit losses was $30.8 million and $19.8 million, as of June 27, 2025 and September 27, 2024, respectively. The increase was primarily due to a $15.0 million adjustment to the allowance for credit losses that was recorded in the second quarter of fiscal 2025 based on updated estimates of collectability and to ensure the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses.

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (principally the first-in, first-out method) or net realizable value. The Company records valuation adjustments to its inventories if the cost of inventory on hand exceeds the amount it expects to realize from the ultimate sale or disposal of the inventory. These estimates are based on management’s judgment regarding future demand and market conditions and analysis of historical experience. As of June 27, 2025 and September 27, 2024, the Company’s reserve for inventory was approximately $17.0 million and $15.7 million, respectively. The inventory reserve is determined based on history and projected customer consumption and specific identification.

The components of inventories, net of allowances, are as follows (in thousands):

Rental merchandise in service represents personalized work apparel, linens and other rental items in service. Rental merchandise in service is valued at cost less amortization, calculated using the straight-line method. Rental merchandise in service is amortized over its useful life, which primarily range from one to four years. The amortization rates are based on the Company’s specific experience and wear tests performed by the Company. These factors are critical to determining the amount of rental merchandise in service and related Cost of services provided (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) that are presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Material differences may result in the amount and timing of operating income if management makes significant changes to these estimates.

During the three and nine months ended June 27, 2025, the Company recorded $91.3 million and $266.2 million, respectively, of amortization related to rental merchandise in service and other inventoriable costs within Cost of services provided (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) on the Consolidated Statements of Income. During the three and nine months ended June 28, 2024, the Company recorded $86.6 million and $259.4 million, respectively, of amortization related to rental merchandise in service and other inventoriable costs within Cost of services provided (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

In the first quarter of fiscal 2025, the Company sold its equity stake in Aramark Uniform Services Japan Corporation for $36.8 million and recognized a loss of $2.2 million. The loss on the sale is recorded within Other Expense (Income), net.

Assets held for sale are recorded at the lower of their carrying value or estimated selling price less estimated costs to sell and are classified within Other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Depreciation is suspended upon classification as held for sale. The highest and best use of these assets is as real estate properties for use or lease and the Company intends to sell them to third parties as quickly as practicable. As of June 27, 2025, two properties with an aggregate carrying value of $3.7 million were classified as held for sale. Both properties are part of the Company's United States segment. As of September 27, 2024, the Company had no assets classified as held for sale.

As of June 27, 2025 and September 27, 2024, Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets include insurance accruals related to automotive, general liability and workers' compensation reserves of $48.5 million and $31.9 million, respectively. The remaining components consist primarily of unearned income, interest and taxes.

During the three and nine months ended June 27, 2025, the Company paid interest related to principal debt of $20.9 million and $64.7 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended June 28, 2024, the Company paid interest related to principal debt of $27.6 million and $79.7 million, respectively.

During the three and nine months ended June 27, 2025, the Company paid cash for income taxes of $14.5 million and $20.7 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended June 28, 2024, the Company paid cash for income taxes of $3.4 million and $18.9 million, respectively.

As of June 27, 2025 and September 27, 2024, the Company had $6.1 million and $10.2 million, respectively, of capital expenditures recorded within Accounts Payable in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Throughout 2024 and 2025, the Company reduced headcount to streamline and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of its operational and administrative functions. Severance charges for the three months ended June 27, 2025 and June 28, 2024 were $0.4 million and $1.0 million, respectively. Severance charges for the nine months ended June 27, 2025 and June 28, 2024, were $12.4 million and $1.4 million, respectively. The increase in the nine months ended June 27, 2025 is primarily attributable to recognized severance charges related to the departure of certain senior executives during the Company’s second fiscal quarter of 2025.

Severance payments made during the three months ended June 27, 2025 and June 28, 2024 were $2.6 million and $1.1 million, respectively. Severance payments made during the nine months ended June 27, 2025 and June 28, 2024 were $8.7 million and $2.9 million, respectively. As of June 27, 2025 and September 27, 2024, the Company had an accrual of approximately $6.4 million and $2.7 million, respectively, related to unpaid severance obligations.

Goodwill represents the excess of the fair value of consideration paid for an acquired entity over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Goodwill is not amortized and is subject to an impairment test that is conducted annually, during the fourth fiscal quarter, or more frequently if a change in circumstances or the occurrence of events indicates that potential impairment exists, using discounted cash flows.

During the quarter ended June 27, 2025, the Company identified a potential triggering event for impairment under Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 350, Intangibles, Goodwill and Other. This conclusion was based on (i) a decline in financial performance, and (ii) a sustained decrease in the Company’s share price during the quarter ended June 27, 2025.

In response to these indicators, the Company performed a quantitative goodwill impairment test for both reporting units as of June 27, 2025. The fair value of each reporting unit was estimated using a combination of the income and market approaches, incorporating management’s most recent forecasts and market participant assumptions. The income approach included the application of discounted cash flow models, utilizing discount and terminal growth rate assumptions.

The results of the analysis indicate that the estimated fair value of each reporting unit exceeded its respective carrying value and therefore no impairment of goodwill was recognized as of the testing date. If our future operating results do not meet current forecasts or if we experience a sustained decline in our market capitalization that is determined to be indicative of a reduction in fair value of one or more of our reporting units within either of our segments, we may be required to record future impairment charges for goodwill.

Changes in total goodwill for our reporting units during the nine months ended June 27, 2025 are as follows (in thousands):

Other intangible assets consist of (in thousands):

Customer relationship assets as of June 27, 2025 include additions of $3.7 million related to an asset acquisition that closed during the first quarter of fiscal 2025. Amortization of intangible assets for the three and nine months ended June 27, 2025 was approximately $6.8 million and $20.0 million, respectively. Amortization of intangible assets for the three and nine months ended June 28, 2024 was approximately $6.4 million and $19.4 million, respectively.

Long-term borrowings, net, are summarized in the following table (in thousands):

On February 22, 2024, the Company entered into Amendment No. 1 to its Credit Agreement dated September 29, 2023 (as amended, the "Credit Agreement") and refinanced its $800 million Term Loan A-1 due September 2025 ("Term Loan A-1") with an $800 million Term Loan B-1 due February 2031 ("Term Loan B-1"). The Term Loan B-1 requires $2.0 million of principal payments each quarter until the maturity date, at which point the remaining unpaid principal amount is due. The Term Loan B-1 interest rate for fiscal 2024 was at the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus 225 basis points and will adjust to SOFR plus 200 basis points once the Company reaches 3.30x Net Leverage as defined in the Credit Agreement. The Company recorded approximately $11.1 million of debt issuance costs related to Term Loan B-1 during fiscal 2024, which are presented as a reduction of debt in the Consolidated Balance Sheet and are amortized as a component of interest expense over the term of the related debt using the effective interest method. The Company also incurred an original issue discount of $2.0 million upon the issuance of the Term Loan B-1 which is presented as a reduction of debt in the Consolidated Balance Sheet and is amortized as a component of interest expense over the term of the related debt using the effective interest method.

In conjunction with Amendment No. 1 to the Credit Agreement and the repayment for Term Loan A-1, the Company recorded a $3.9 million non-cash loss during the second quarter of fiscal 2024 for the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs to Interest Expense and Other, net on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

On May 1, 2025, the Company entered into Amendment No. 2 to its Credit Agreement. The amendment increased the net leverage covenant ratio from 4.50x to (i) 5.25x for any fiscal quarter ending prior to July 3, 2026, (ii) 5.00x for the fiscal quarter ending July 3, 2026 and (iii) 4.75x for the fiscal quarter ending October 2, 2026. Pursuant to the credit agreement, as amended, the net leverage covenant ratio will remain at 4.50x for the first quarter of fiscal 2027 through maturity.

This amendment also provided a $15 million bad debt expense adjustment to EBITDA in the fiscal quarter ended March 28, 2025 solely for the purposes of determining compliance with the financial covenants.

As part of this amendment, the Company agreed to limit the aggregate size of its A/R Facility (as defined in Note 14, Accounts Receivable Securitization Facility, below) and any other receivables facilities to $250 million and restrict all dividends and share repurchases, in each case until the earlier of (i) any fiscal quarter ending after October 2, 2026 so long as the Company is then in compliance with the financial covenants and (ii) when the Company achieves a net leverage ratio below or equal to 4.50x as of the last day of two consecutive quarters through the end of fiscal 2026.

In connection with the amendment, the Company paid fees of $1.6 million, which were deferred and are being amortized on the same basis as the previous unamortized debt issuance costs.

During the nine months ended June 27, 2025, the Company prepaid a principal amount of $20.0 million of its $700 million Term Loan A-2 due September 2028.

The weighted-average interest rate for our senior secured term loan facilities was 6.68% for the nine months ended June 27, 2025. The carrying amounts of the Company’s senior secured term loan facilities approximate their fair value as the interest rates are variable and reflective of market rates.

As of June 27, 2025, there was $28 million outstanding on the Company's $300 million revolving credit facility and $5.7 million of letters of credit outstanding, leaving $266.3 million available for borrowing. At June 27, 2025, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under its credit facilities.

Prior to the Separation, Aramark entered into contractual derivative arrangements to manage changes in market conditions related to exposure to fluctuating gasoline, diesel and natural gas fuel prices at the Company. These derivative arrangements transferred in-kind to the Company upon the execution of the Separation and Distribution Agreement between the Company and Aramark, which was effective upon the Separation on September 30, 2023. Derivative instruments utilized during the period included pay fixed/receive floating gasoline and diesel fuel agreements based on the Department of Energy weekly retail on-highway index, and pay fixed/receive floating natural gas fuel agreements based on the Henry Hub New York Mercantile Exchange index in order to limit the Company's exposure to price fluctuations for gasoline, diesel, and natural gas fuel mainly for the Company’s operations. The Company did not enter into any new derivative arrangements for the three and nine months ended June 27, 2025 or the fiscal year ended September 27, 2024. As of September 27, 2024, all derivative instruments had reached maturity and thus, no derivative instruments were recognized as either assets or liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

The corresponding impact on earnings related to the contractual derivative arrangements have been recorded within the Consolidated Statement of Income for the three and nine months ended June 28, 2024.

The Company does not record its gasoline, diesel and natural gas fuel agreements as hedges for accounting purposes. As of June 27, 2025, the Company did not have fuel contracts outstanding. As of June 28, 2024, the Company had gasoline contracts for approximately 0.1 million gallons through June of fiscal 2024. The impact on earnings related to the change in fair value of these unsettled contracts were gains of $0.1 million and $0.1 million for the three and nine months ended June 28, 2024, respectively. As of June 28, 2024, the Company had $0.1 million of gasoline fuel agreements recorded within Accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

The following table summarizes the location of realized and unrealized loss (gain) for the Company’s derivatives not designated as hedging instruments in the Consolidated Statements of Income (in thousands):

The following table presents revenue disaggregated by revenue source (in thousands):

The Company generates and recognizes approximately 94% of its total revenue from route servicing contracts on both Uniforms, which the Company generally manufactures, and Workplace Supplies, such as mats, towels, and linens that are procured from third-party suppliers. Revenue from these contracts represent a single-performance obligation and are recognized over time as services are performed based on the nature of services provided and contractual rates (output method). The Company generates its remaining revenue primarily from the direct sale of uniforms to customers, with such revenue being recognized when the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied, typically upon the transfer of control of the promised product to the customer. Revenue is recognized in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for the services or products described above and is presented net of sales and other taxes we collect on behalf of governmental authorities.

Certain customer route servicing contracts include terms and conditions that include components of variable consideration, which are typically in the form of consideration paid to a customer based on performance metrics specified within the contract. Some contracts provide for customer discounts or rebates that can be earned through the achievement of specified volume levels. Each component of variable consideration is earned based on the Company’s actual performance during the measurement period specified within the contract. To determine the transaction price, the Company estimates the variable consideration using the most likely amount method, based on the specific contract provisions and known performance results during the relevant measurement period. When assessing if variable consideration should be limited, the Company evaluates the likelihood of whether uncontrollable circumstances could result in a significant reversal of revenue.

The Company’s performance period generally corresponds with the monthly invoice period. No significant constraints on the Company’s revenue recognition were applied during the three and nine months ended June 27, 2025 or three and nine months ended June 28, 2024. The Company reassesses these estimates during each reporting period.

The Company maintains a liability for these discounts and rebates within Accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Variable consideration can also include consideration paid to a customer at the beginning of a contract. This type of variable consideration is capitalized as an asset (in Other Assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets) and is amortized over the life of the contract as a reduction to revenue in accordance with the accounting guidance for revenue recognition.

The Company defers sales commissions earned by its sales force that are considered to be incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract. The deferred costs are amortized using the portfolio approach on a straight-line basis over the average period of benefit, approximately nine years, and are assessed for impairment on a periodic basis. Determination of the amortization period and the subsequent assessment for impairment of the contract cost asset requires judgment. The Company expenses sales commissions as incurred if the amortization period is one year or less.

During the three months ended June 27, 2025 and June 28, 2024, the Company recorded $5.5 million and $5.3 million, respectively, of expense related to employee sales commissions within Selling, general and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. During the nine months ended June 27, 2025 and June 28, 2024, the Company recorded $16.3 million and $15.8 million, respectively, of expense related to employee sales commissions within Selling, general and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

As of June 27, 2025 and September 27, 2024, the Company has $106.6 million and $105.8 million, respectively, of employee sales commissions recorded as assets within Other Assets on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company has lease arrangements primarily related to real estate, vehicles and equipment. Finance leases primarily relate to vehicles. The Company assesses whether an arrangement is a lease, or contains a lease, upon inception of the related contract. A right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability are not recorded for leases with an initial term of 12 months or less (“short-term leases”).

Variable lease payments, which primarily consist of real estate taxes, common area maintenance charges, insurance costs and other operating expenses, are not included in the operating lease right-of-use asset or operating lease liability balances and are recognized in the period in which the expenses are incurred. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain they will be exercised or not, respectively. Options to extend lease terms that are reasonably certain of exercise are recognized as part of the operating lease right-of-use asset and operating lease liability balances.

The Company is required to discount its future minimum lease payments using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the incremental borrowing rate. The Company uses a portfolio approach to determine the incremental borrowing rate based on the geographic location of the lease and the remaining lease term. The incremental borrowing rate is calculated using a base line rate plus an applicable margin.

The following table summarizes operating lease costs, consisting of fixed lease costs, variable lease costs and short-term lease costs. Additionally, the table summarizes finance lease costs, consisting of amortization of right-of-use asset and interest on lease liabilities (in thousands):

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the periods reported was as follows (in thousands):

Other information related to operating lease right-of-use assets, net and operating lease liabilities was as follows:

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable leases as of June 27, 2025 are as follows (in thousands):

During the three and nine months ended June 27, 2025, the Company granted equity awards to the Company's executives and employees. The following table summarizes the share-based compensation expense and related information for time-based employee stock options (“TBOs”), time-based restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance stock units (“PSUs”), and deferred stock units ("DSUs") classified within Selling, general and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income (in thousands).

The below table summarizes the number of shares granted and the weighted-average grant-date fair value per unit during the nine months ended June 27, 2025:

The TBOs granted during the nine months ended June 27, 2025, vest solely based upon continued employment over a three-year time period. All TBOs remain exercisable for ten years from the date of grant. The fair value of the TBOs granted was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The expected volatility was derived from a peer group’s historical volatility as Vestis does not have sufficient historical volatility based on the expected term of the underlying options. The dividend yield for the grants was based on the annualized value of the quarterly dividend on the grant date. The expected life represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding and is calculated using the simplified method, as permitted under SEC rules and regulations. The simplified method uses the midpoint between an option’s vesting date and contractual term. The risk-free rate is based on the United States Treasury security with terms equal to the expected life of the option as of the grant date. Compensation expense for TBOs is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period during which employees perform related services. The unvested units are subject to forfeiture if employment is terminated other than due to death, disability or retirement, and the units are nontransferable while subject to forfeiture.

The below table summarizes the TBOs valuation assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model during the nine months ended June 27, 2025:

Except for a grant to the Company's Chief Executive Officer, the agreements for RSU grants awarded during the three and nine months ended June 27, 2025, state that 33% of each grant will vest and be settled in shares on each of the first three anniversaries of the grant date, provided the participant remains employed with Vestis through each such anniversary. For the RSUs granted to the Company's Chief Executive Officer, the agreement specifies vesting on the third anniversary of the grant date. The grant-date fair value of RSUs is based on the fair value of Vestis' common stock. Participants holding RSUs will receive additional RSUs equivalent to dividends paid on shares.

The unvested units are subject to forfeiture if employment is terminated for reasons other than death, disability or retirement, and the units are nontransferable while subject to forfeiture.

Under the Vestis Corporation 2023 Long-Term Incentive Plan, Vestis is authorized to grant PSUs to its employees. A participant is eligible to become vested in a number of PSUs equal to a percentage, higher or lower, of the target number of PSUs granted based on the level of Vestis’ achievement of the performance condition. During the nine months ended June 27, 2025, Vestis granted PSUs subject to the level of achievement of cumulative adjusted EBITDA results, cumulative adjusted free cash flow results and a total shareholder return modifier for the cumulative performance period of three years and the participant’s continued employment with Vestis. Vestis is accounting for these grants as performance-based awards, with a market condition, valued utilizing the Monte Carlo Simulation pricing model, which calculates multiple potential outcomes for an award and establishes fair value based on the most likely outcome. The unvested units are subject to forfeiture if employment is terminated other than due to death, disability or retirement, and the units are nontransferable while subject to forfeiture.

From time to time, the Company and its subsidiaries are party to various legal actions, proceedings and investigations involving claims incidental to the conduct of their business or otherwise related to the Company, including actions by customers, employees, government entities and third parties, including under federal, state, international, national, provincial and local employment laws, wage and hour laws, discrimination laws, immigration laws, human health and safety laws, import and export controls and customs laws, environmental laws, false claims or whistleblower statutes, tax codes, antitrust and competition laws, customer protection statutes, procurement regulations, intellectual property laws, supply chain laws, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other anti-corruption laws, lobbying laws, motor carrier safety laws, data privacy and security laws, or alleging negligence and/or breaches of contractual and other obligations. Based on information currently available, advice of counsel, available insurance coverage, established reserves and other resources, except as set forth below with respect to the shareholder class action lawsuits and shareholder derivative action lawsuits, the Company does not believe that any such actions are likely to be, individually or in the aggregate, material to its business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, in the event of unexpected further developments, it is possible that the ultimate resolution of these matters, or other similar matters, if unfavorable, may be materially adverse to the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

The Company is involved with environmental investigation and remediation activities at certain sites that it currently or formerly owned or operated or to which it sent waste for disposal (including sites which were previously owned and/or operated by businesses acquired by the Company or sites to which such businesses sent waste for disposal). The Company initially provides for estimated costs of environmental-related activities relating to its past operations and third-party sites for which commitments or clean-up plans have been developed and when such costs can be reasonably estimated based on industry standards and professional judgment. These estimated costs, which are mostly undiscounted, are determined based on currently available facts regarding each site. If the reasonably estimable costs can only be identified as a range and no specific amount within that range can be determined more likely, the minimum of the range is used. The Company continuously assesses its potential liability for investigation and remediation-related activities and adjusts its environmental-related accruals as information becomes available upon which more accurate costs can be reasonably estimated. As of June 27, 2025 and September 27, 2024, the Company has $7.5 million and $6.6 million, respectively, recorded as liabilities within Accrued expenses and other current liabilities and $18.2 million and $19.0 million, respectively, recorded as liabilities within Other Noncurrent Liabilities on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company records the fair value of a liability for an asset retirement obligation both as an asset and a liability when there is a legal obligation associated with the retirement of a tangible long-lived asset and the liability can be reasonably estimated. The Company has identified certain conditional asset retirement obligations at various current and closed facilities. These obligations relate primarily to asbestos abatement, underground storage tank closures and restoration of leased properties to the original condition. Using investigative, remediation and disposal methods that are currently available to the Company, the estimated costs of these obligations were accrued.

As of June 27, 2025 and September 27, 2024, the Company has $12.1 million and $11.8 million, respectively, recorded as liabilities within Other Noncurrent Liabilities on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

On May 13, 2022, Cake Love Co. (“Cake Love”) commenced a putative class action lawsuit against AmeriPride Services, LLC (“AmeriPride”), a subsidiary of Vestis, in the United States District Court for the District of Minnesota. The lawsuit was subsequently updated to add an additional named plaintiff, Q-Mark Manufacturing, Inc. (“Q-Mark” and, together with Cake Love, the “Plaintiffs”). Plaintiffs alleged that the defendants increased certain pricing charged to members of the purported class without the proper notice required by service agreements between AmeriPride and members of the purported class and that AmeriPride breached the duty of good faith and fair dealing. Plaintiffs sought damages on behalf of the purported class representing the amount of the allegedly improperly noticed price increases along with attorneys’ fees, interest and costs. During fiscal 2024, the parties reached a settlement agreement, which was subject to final court approval. The settlement included, among other terms, a monetary component of $3.1 million. On May 6, 2025, the court issued an order granting final approval of the settlement. The third-party administrator has distributed the settlement funds to the settlement class members and administration of the settlement is expected to be complete before the end of fiscal 2025. The full amount of the settlement was provided for within Accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 27, 2024. During the three months ended June 27, 2025, the Company paid the settlement amount of $3.1 million.

With respect to the below matters, the Company cannot predict the outcome of these legal matters, nor can it predict whether any outcome may be materially adverse to its business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. The Company intends to vigorously defend these matters.

On May 17, 2024, a purported Vestis shareholder commenced a putative class action lawsuit against Vestis and certain of its officers, in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia, captioned Plumbers, Pipefitters and Apprentices Local No. 112 Pension Fund v. Vestis Corporation, et al., Case No. 1:24-cv-02175-SDG. The lawsuit is purportedly brought on behalf of purchasers of Vestis’ common stock between October 2, 2023 and May 1, 2024, inclusive. The complaint alleges claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, based on allegedly false or misleading statements generally related to the Company’s business and operations, pricing practices, and financial results and outlook. The lawsuit seeks unspecified damages and other relief. On September 23, 2024, the Court appointed co-lead plaintiffs and on November 22, 2024, plaintiffs filed an amended complaint. Defendants filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint on February 25, 2025 and plaintiffs filed an opposition to defendants' motion to dismiss on May 2, 2025. Defendants' reply brief in further support of their motion to dismiss was filed on June 2, 2025. A hearing on the motion to dismiss is scheduled for August 29, 2025.

On June 4, 2024, a purported Vestis shareholder commenced a putative class action lawsuit against Vestis, in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, captioned O’Neill v. Vestis Corp., Case No. 2024-0600-JTL. The lawsuit is purportedly brought on behalf of Vestis' shareholders. The complaint alleges a single claim for declaratory judgment, seeking to invalidate and void Section II.5(d) of Vestis’ Amended and Restated Bylaws, effective September 29, 2023. On October 7, 2024, the Court granted a stipulation to consolidate multiple related actions involving similar company defendants, including the Vestis action, solely for purposes of adjudicating an omnibus motion to dismiss the complaints in each of those actions. On October 11, 2024, Vestis and the other consolidated defendants filed an omnibus motion to dismiss. The Court held a hearing on the omnibus motion to dismiss on May 14, 2025 and Vestis is awaiting the Court's decision.

On May 16, 2025, a purported Vestis shareholder commenced a derivative action against certain of Vestis’ current and former directors and former officers, in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia, captioned Gribe v. Scott, et al., Case No. 1:25-cv-02726-TWT. The complaint seeks unspecified damages on behalf of Vestis and certain other relief, such as certain reforms to corporate governance and internal procedures. The complaint (in which Vestis is named as a nominal defendant) contains similar allegations to the parallel securities class action, entitled Plumbers, Pipefitters and Apprentices Local No. 112 Pension Fund v. Vestis Corporation, et al., Case No. 1:24-cv-02175-SDG. The complaint generally alleges, among other things, breaches of fiduciary duties in connection with the oversight of Vestis’ public statements and internal controls, and that Vestis was damaged as a result of the breaches of fiduciary duties.

The complaint also alleges, among other things, claims against the individual defendants for unjust enrichment, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, waste of corporate assets, and claims against Vestis' former officers for contribution under Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. On June 17, 2025, the parties made a joint application to stay the action pending resolution of the motion to dismiss filed in the Plumbers, Pipefitters and Apprentices Local No. 112 Pension Fund v. Vestis Corporation, et al., case. On June 18, 2025, the Court granted the parties’ joint application and stayed the action pending further order of the Court.

On June 9, 2025, a purported Vestis shareholder commenced a putative class action lawsuit against Vestis and certain of its former officers, in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, captioned Torres v. Vestis Corporation, et al., Case No. 1:25-cv-04844. The lawsuit is purportedly brought on behalf of purchasers of Vestis’ common stock between May 2, 2024 and May 6, 2025, inclusive. The complaint alleges claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, based on allegedly false or misleading statements generally related to our business and operations, pricing practices, and financial results and outlook. The lawsuit seeks unspecified damages and other relief. Motions for appointment as lead plaintiff and lead counsel are due to be filed with the Court on or before August 8, 2025.

On July 29, 2025, a purported Vestis shareholder commenced a derivative action against certain of Vestis’ current and former directors and former officers, in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, captioned Gribe v. Scott, et al., Case No. 1:25-cv-06234. The complaint seeks unspecified damages on behalf of Vestis and certain other relief, such as certain reforms to corporate governance and internal procedures. The complaint (in which Vestis is named as a nominal defendant) contains similar allegations to the parallel securities class action, entitled Torres v. Vestis Corporation, et al., Case No. 1:25-cv-04844. The compliant generally alleges, among other things, breaches of fiduciary duties in connection with the oversight of Vestis’ public statements and internal controls, and that Vestis was damaged as a result of the breaches of fiduciary duties. The complaint also alleges, among other things, claims against the individual defendants for violation of Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act, unjust enrichment, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, waste of corporate assets, and claims against Vestis' former officers for contribution under Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

On July 31, 2025, a purported Vestis shareholder commenced a derivative action against certain of Vestis’ current and former directors and former officers, in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia, captioned Hollin v. Scott, et al., Case No. Case 1:25-cv-04268-TWT. The complaint seeks unspecified damages on behalf of Vestis and certain other relief, such as certain reforms to corporate governance and internal procedures. The complaint (in which Vestis is named as a nominal defendant) contains similar allegations to the securities class action, entitled Torres v. Vestis Corporation, et al., Case No. 1:25-cv-04844, pending in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The complaint generally alleges, among other things, breaches of fiduciary duties in connection with the oversight of Vestis’ public statements and internal controls, and that Vestis was damaged as a result of the breaches of fiduciary duties. The complaint also alleges, among other things, claims against the individual defendants for violation of Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act, aiding and abetting breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, waste of corporate assets, and claims against Vestis' former officers for contribution under Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. On August 4, 2025, plaintiff voluntarily dismissed the action in the Northern District of Georgia and refiled the complaint on August 5, 2025, in the United States District Court for The Southern District of New York, captioned Hollin v. Scott, et al., Case No. 1:25-cv-06414.

The Company manages and evaluates its business activities based on geography and, as a result, determined that its United States and Canada businesses are its operating segments. The United States and Canada operating segments both provide a full range of uniform programs, managed restroom supply services and first-aid and safety products, as well as ancillary items such as floor mats, towels and linens. The Company’s operating segments are also its reportable segments. Corporate includes administrative expenses not specifically allocated to an individual segment. The Company evaluates the performance of each operating segment based on several factors of which the primary financial measure is operating income.

Financial information by segment is as follows (in thousands):

Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the periods presented. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding adjusted to include the potentially dilutive effect of stock awards.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share attributable to the Company's stockholders (in thousands, except per share data):

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(1)Diluted earnings (loss) per share excludes certain shares issuable under share-based compensation plans because the effect would have been antidilutive. There was no dilutive effect of share-based awards for the three and nine months ended June 27, 2025 due to the net loss incurred in those periods.

The Company's effective tax rate was 9.7% and 38.1% for the three months ended June 27, 2025 and June 28, 2024, respectively. For the nine months ended June 27, 2025 and June 28, 2024, the Company's effective tax rate was 17.1% and 30.1%, respectively. The Company’s effective rate for the three and nine months ended June 27, 2025 differed from the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to our consolidated pre-tax book loss relative to the impacts of state taxes, permanent book/tax differences consisting mainly of nondeductible executive compensation and meals and entertainment, federal tax credits, and our international operations in jurisdictions with higher income tax rates. The Company’s effective rate for the three and nine months ended June 28, 2024 differed from the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to our consolidated pre-tax book income relative to the impacts of state taxes, permanent book/tax differences consisting mainly of nondeductible executive compensation and meals and entertainment, and our international operations in jurisdictions with higher income tax rates.

On July 4, 2025, the United States enacted the One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("Act"), a comprehensive legislative package that includes significant changes to federal tax policy. The Act, among other corporate provisions, includes the permanent extension of 100% bonus depreciation and the repeal of mandatory capitalization of domestic research and experimental expenditures. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the Act, but we do not expect it to have a material impact on our estimated annual effective tax rate in 2025.

As discussed in Note 1, the Company became an independent public company on September 30, 2023. In connection with the Separation, the Company entered into or adopted several agreements that provide a framework for the relationship between the Company and Aramark, including, but not limited to the following:

Separation and Distribution Agreement - governs the rights and obligations of the parties regarding the

distribution following the completion of the separation, including the transfer of assets and assumption of liabilities, and establishes certain rights and obligations between the Company and Aramark following the distribution, including procedures with respect to claims subject to indemnification and related matters.

Transition Services Agreement - governs services between the Company and Aramark and their respective affiliates to provide each other on an interim, transitional basis, various services, including, but not limited to, administrative, information technology and cybersecurity support services and certain finance, treasury, tax and governmental function services. The services commenced on the distribution date and terminate no later than 24 months following the distribution date. As of September 27, 2024, the services under the Transition Services Agreement were completed and no services were rendered during the three and nine months ended June 27, 2025.

Tax Matters Agreement - governs the parties’ respective rights, responsibilities and obligations with respect to tax liabilities and benefits, tax attributes, the preparation and filing of tax returns, the control of audits and other tax proceedings and other matters regarding taxes. In addition, the Company is restricted from taking certain actions that could prevent the distribution and certain related transactions from being tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes, including specific restrictions on its ability to pursue or enter into acquisition, merger, sale and redemption transactions with respect to the Company’s stock.

Employee Matters Agreement - governs the allocation of liabilities and responsibilities relating to employment matters, employee compensation and benefits plans and programs and other related matters.

During the three and nine months ended June 28, 2024, the Company paid $2.6 million and $10.5 million, respectively, to Aramark under the various agreements described above. No amounts were paid during the three and nine months ended June 27, 2025.

There are no amounts due from or to Aramark, associated with the above agreements, as of June 27, 2025.

On August 2, 2024, Vestis Services, LLC (“Vestis Services”) and certain other subsidiaries (together with Vestis Services, the “Originators”) entered into a three-year $250 million accounts receivable securitization facility (the “A/R Facility”). Under the A/R Facility, Vestis Services and certain other wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company transfer accounts receivable and certain related assets to VS Financing, LLC, a bankruptcy remote special purpose entity formed as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Vestis Services (the "SPE"), who in turn, may sell the receivables to one or more financial institutions (the "Purchasers"). The net proceeds of the A/R Facility were used to repay a portion of the outstanding borrowings under the existing term loans. The A/R Facility is scheduled to terminate on August 2, 2027, unless terminated earlier pursuant to its terms. The Company incurred approximately $1.4 million of costs in connection with entering the A/R Facility which are recorded within Other Assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheet and are amortized straight-line to Other Expense (Income), net over the term of the related A/R Facility.

As of June 27, 2025 and September 27, 2024, the total value of accounts receivable sold from the SPE to the Purchasers under the A/R Facility and derecognized from the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet was $211.9 million and $229.0 million, respectively. Additionally, during the nine months ended June 27, 2025, the Company transferred accounts receivable of $1,903.6 million to the SPE, and the Company collected $1,918.8 million of accounts receivable transferred to the SPE under the A/R Facility. The Company continuously transfers receivables to the SPE and the SPE transfers ownership and control of certain receivables that meet certain qualifying conditions which are sold to the Purchasers in exchange for cash. Unsold accounts receivable of $159.6 million and $157.8 million were pledged by the SPE as collateral to the Purchasers as of June 27, 2025 and September 27, 2024, respectively.

The Company incurred fees for the A/R Facility of $3.2 million and $9.7 million for the three and nine months ended June 27, 2025, which were reflected within Other Expense (Income), net in the Consolidated Statement of Income. The fees due to the Purchaser are considered to be a loss on the sale of accounts receivable. There were no AR Facility fees for the three and nine months ended June 28, 2024.

Cash activity related to the facility is reflected in Net cash provided by operating activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.

The changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, for the three and nine months ended June 27, 2025 and June 28, 2024 were as follows (in thousands):

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(1) Represents cumulative currency translation adjustment that was derecognized as a result of the Company's sale of its equity method investment during the nine months ended June 27, 2025.

For the three months ended June 28, 2024, the Company paid dividends in the amount of $4.6 million. No dividends were paid during the three months ended June 27, 2025. For the nine months ended June 27, 2025 and June 28, 2024, the Company paid dividends in the amount of $13.8 million and $9.2 million, respectively.

As part of the May 1, 2025 amendment to the Company's Credit Agreement disclosed in Note 4. Borrowings, the Company agreed to restrict all dividends and share repurchases until the earlier of (i) any fiscal quarter ending after October 2, 2026 so long as the Company is then in compliance with the financial covenants and (ii) when the Company achieves a net leverage ratio below or equal to 4.50x as of the last day of two consecutive quarters through the end of fiscal 2026.

Item 2.    Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

We are a leading provider of uniforms and workplace supplies across the United States and Canada. We provide a full range of uniform programs, managed restroom supply services, first aid supplies and safety products, as well as ancillary items such as floor mats, towels, and linens across the United States and Canada. We compete with national, regional, and local providers who vary in size, scale, capabilities and product and service offering. Primary methods of competition include product quality, service quality and price. Notable competitors of size include Cintas Corporation and UniFirst Corporation, as well as numerous regional and local competitors. Additionally, many businesses perform certain aspects of our product and service offerings in-house rather than outsourcing them to a third party and leveraging the benefits of full-service programs.

Our full-service uniform offering (“Uniforms”) includes the design, sourcing, manufacturing, customization, personalization, delivery, laundering, sanitization, repair, and replacement of uniforms. Our uniform options include shirts, pants, outerwear, gowns, scrubs, high visibility garments, particulate-free garments, and flame-resistant garments, along with shoes and accessories. We service our customers on a recurring rental basis, typically weekly, delivering clean uniforms while, during the same visit, picking up worn uniforms for inspection, cleaning and repair or replacement. In addition to our weekly, recurring customer contracts, we offer customized uniforms through direct sales agreements, typically for large, regional, or national companies.

In addition to Uniforms, we also provide workplace supplies (“Workplace Supplies”) including managed restroom supply services, first aid supplies and safety products, floor mats, towels, and linens. Similar to our uniform offering, on a recurring rental basis, generally weekly, we pick up used and soiled floor mats, towels and linens, replacing them with clean products. We also restock restroom supplies, first aid supplies and safety products as needed.

We manage and operate our business in two reportable segments, United States and Canada. Both segments provide Uniforms and Workplace Supplies, as described above, to customers within their specific geographic territories.

Our fiscal year is the 52- or 53-week period which ends on the Friday nearest to September 30th. The fiscal year ended September 27, 2024 is a 52-week period and the fiscal year ending October 3, 2025 is a 53-week period.

We serve the uniforms, mats, towels, linens, restroom supplies, first-aid supplies and safety products industry within the United States and Canada. This includes businesses that outsource these services through rental programs or direct purchases, as well as non-programmers, or businesses that maintain these services in-house. We believe that demand in this industry is largely influenced by macro-economic conditions, employment levels, increasing standards for workplace hygiene and safety and an ongoing trend of businesses outsourcing non-core, back-end operations.

As a result of the diversity of our customers and the wide variety of industries in which they participate, demand for our products and services is not specifically linked to the cyclical nature of any one sector.

Global events, including ongoing geopolitical events, have adversely affected global economies, disrupted global supply chains and labor force participation, and created significant volatility and disruption of financial markets. While we do not have direct operations in Russia and Ukraine or in Israel, conflicts in those regions further disrupted global supply chains and heightened volatility and disruption of global financial markets. The ongoing volatility and disruption of financial markets caused by these global events, as well as other current global economic factors, triggered inflation in labor and energy costs and has driven significant changes in foreign currencies. We are also evaluating the potential effects that current trade discussions between the US, Canada, and Mexico may have on the results of our operations. The impact on our longer-term operational and financial performance will depend on future developments, including our response and governmental response to inflation, tariffs, the duration and severity of the ongoing volatility and disruption of global financial markets and our ability to effectively hire and retain personnel. Some of these future developments are outside of our control and are highly uncertain.

On May 1, 2025, we amended our Credit Agreement. As part of the amendment, among other things, we agreed to restrict all dividends and share repurchases until the earlier of (i) any fiscal quarter ending after October 2, 2026 so long as we are then in compliance with the financial covenants and (ii) when we achieve a net leverage ratio below or equal to 4.5x as of the last day of two consecutive quarters through the end of fiscal 2026.

Our financial performance and the sustained decrease in our share price during the quarter ended June 27, 2025 created a triggering event causing us to perform a quantitative goodwill impairment test for both reporting units as of June 27, 2025. While no impairment of goodwill was recognized as of the testing date, if our future operating results do not meet current forecasts or if we experience a sustained decline in our market capitalization that is determined to be indicative of a reduction in fair value of one or more of our reporting units within either of our segments, we may be required to record future impairment charges for goodwill.

The following table presents an overview of our results along with the amount of and percentage change between periods for the three months ended June 27, 2025 and June 28, 2024 (dollars in thousands).

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(1)Exclusive of depreciation and amortization

Consolidated revenue of $673.8 million decreased $24.4 million, or 3.5%, for the three months ended June 27, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 28, 2024. As reported, the decline in revenue compared to the prior year reflects an $18.6 million decline in uniforms and a $5.8 million decline in workplace supplies. Consolidated revenue for the three months ended June 27, 2025 was negatively impacted by $0.8 million related to the effects of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates on currency. In addition to the effects of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates on currency, rental revenue declined $18.0 million while direct sales declined $5.6 million. The $18.0 million decline in rental revenue was primarily due to a $14.6 million decline from lost business in excess of new business and a $3.4 million decline in revenue related to existing customers. The decline in direct sales revenue of $5.6 million was primarily attributable to a $4.3 million unfavorable impact from the previously anticipated loss of a national account customer. Excluding that, direct sales decreased $1.3 million when compared to the prior year.

Cost of services provided decreased $4.1 million, or 0.8%, for the three months ended June 27, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 28, 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by a of $7.1 million reduction in delivery costs, and a $4.3 million decline in direct sales merchandise costs on lower direct sales revenue. These decreases were partially offset by a $4.9 million increase in rental merchandise amortization, and a $2.5 million increase in plant operating costs.

Depreciation and amortization expense of $34.9 million for the three months ended June 27, 2025 decreased $0.1 million, or 0.2%, compared to the three months ended June 28, 2024.

Selling, general and administrative expenses ("SG&A") decreased $7.7 million, or 6.0%, for the three months ended June 27, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 28, 2024. The decrease in SG&A was primarily due to a decrease in share-based compensation of $6.0 million, a decrease in separation-related charges of $3.6 million and a $2.6 million reduction in other administrative costs, offset by an increase in selling costs of $4.5 million.

Operating income of $25.0 million decreased from $37.5 million, or 33.5%, for the three months ended June 27, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 28, 2024 from the impact of changes in revenue and costs noted above.

Interest expense, net, decreased $7.4 million for the three months ended June 27, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 28, 2024 primarily due to lower average outstanding debt as a result of entering into the A/R Facility on August 2, 2024.

Other expense, net of other income, increased $3.7 million for the three months ended June 27, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 28, 2024 primarily due to a loss on sale of accounts receivable for the A/R Facility of $3.2 million, as these costs were not incurred during the three months ended June 28, 2024.

The provision for income taxes for the three months ended June 27, 2025 was recorded at an effective rate of 9.7% compared to an effective rate of 38.1% for the three months ended June 28, 2024. The Company’s effective rate for the three months ended June 27, 2025 differed from the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to our consolidated pre-tax book loss relative to the impacts of state taxes, permanent book/tax differences consisting mainly of nondeductible executive compensation and meals and entertainment, federal tax credits, and our international operations in jurisdictions with higher income tax rates. The Company’s effective rate for the three months ended June 28, 2024 differed from the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to our consolidated pre-tax book income relative to the impacts of state taxes, permanent book/tax differences consisting mainly of nondeductible executive compensation and meals and entertainment, and our international operations in jurisdictions with higher income tax rates.

Net loss of $0.7 million for the three months ended June 27, 2025 represented a decrease of $5.7 million, or 113.4%, compared to net income of $5.0 million for the three months ended June 28, 2024, due to the impact of changes to revenue and expenses noted above.

The following table presents an overview of our results along with the amount of and percentage change between periods for the nine months ended June 27, 2025 and June 28, 2024 (dollars in thousands).

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(1)Exclusive of depreciation and amortization

Consolidated revenue of $2,022.8 million decreased $98.7 million, or 4.7%, for the nine months ended June 27, 2025 compared to the nine months ended June 28, 2024. As reported, the decline in revenue compared to the prior year reflects an $82.0 million decline in uniforms and a $16.7 million decline in workplace supplies. Consolidated revenue for the nine months ended June 27, 2025 was negatively impacted by $6.2 million related to the effects of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates on currency. In addition to the impact of effects of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates on currency, rental revenue declined $71.3 million and direct sales declined $21.2 million. The $71.3 million decline in rental revenue was primarily due to a $52.8 million decline from lost business in excess of new business and an $18.5 million decline in revenue related to existing customers. The decline in direct sales revenue of $21.2 million was primarily attributable to a $15.5 million unfavorable impact from the previously anticipated loss of a national account customer.

Cost of services provided decreased $25.6 million, or 1.7%, for the nine months ended June 27, 2025 compared to the nine months ended June 28, 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by a $16.0 million reduction in delivery costs, and a $15.3 million decline in direct sales merchandise costs on lower direct sales revenue. These decreases were partially offset by a $6.9 million increase in rental merchandise amortization.

Depreciation and amortization expense of $107.7 million for the nine months ended June 27, 2025 increased $2.2 million, or 2.1%, compared to the nine months ended June 28, 2024.

Selling, general and administrative expenses ("SG&A") increased $6.1 million, or 1.6%, for the nine months ended June 27, 2025 compared to the nine months ended June 28, 2024. The increase in SG&A was primarily due to an increase of $19.5 million in the Company's bad debt expense, which includes an adjustment to the Company's allowance for credit losses in the amount of $15.0 million based on updated estimates of collectability and an increase in severance charges of $11.4 million primarily related to the departure of certain former executives. These impacts were partially offset by a decrease in general and administrative wages of $8.4 million, a decrease of $8.4 million in separation-related charges, a decrease in professional service costs of $3.9 million and a decrease in share-based compensation of $2.3 million.

Operating income of $46.8 million decreased 63.5% for the nine months ended June 27, 2025 compared to the nine months ended June 28, 2024 from the impact of changes in revenue and costs noted above.

Interest expense, net, decreased $28.8 million for the nine months ended June 27, 2025 compared to the nine months ended June 28, 2024 primarily due to lower average outstanding debt during the nine months ended June 27, 2025 as compared to the nine months ended June 28, 2024.

Other expense, net of other income, increased $14.1 million for the nine months ended June 27, 2025 compared to the nine months ended June 28, 2024 primarily due to a loss on sale of accounts receivable for the A/R Facility of $9.7 million, as these costs were not incurred during the nine months ended June 28, 2024. Other expense, net of other income, was also negatively impacted by a $2.2 million loss on sale of an equity investment and by a $2.0 million decrease in income from the equity method investment, both of which were due to the sale of the equity investment in the first quarter of fiscal year 2025.

The provision for income taxes for the nine months ended June 27, 2025 was recorded at an effective rate of 17.1% compared to an effective rate of 30.1% for the nine months ended June 28, 2024. The Company’s effective rate for the nine months ended June 27, 2025 differed from the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to our consolidated pre-tax book loss relative to the impacts of state taxes, permanent book/tax differences consisting mainly of nondeductible executive compensation and meals and entertainment, federal tax credits, and our international operations in jurisdictions with higher income tax rates. The Company’s effective rate for the nine months ended June 28, 2024 differed from the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to our consolidated pre-tax book income relative to the impacts of state taxes, permanent book/tax differences consisting mainly of nondeductible executive compensation and meals and entertainment, and our international operations in jurisdictions with higher income tax rates.

Net loss of $27.7 million for the nine months ended June 27, 2025 represented a decrease of $50.9 million, or 218.9%, compared to net income of $23.3 million for the nine months ended June 28, 2024 due to the impact of changes to revenue and expenses noted above.

The following table presents an overview of our United States reportable segment results along with the amount of and percentage change between periods for the three months ended June 27, 2025 and June 28, 2024 (dollars in thousands).

United States revenue of $613.3 million decreased $23.5 million, or 3.7%, for the three months ended June 27, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 28, 2024. The decline in revenue compared to the prior year reflects a $17.7 million decline in uniforms and a $5.8 million decline in workplace supplies which corresponds to a $17.8 million decline in rental revenue and a $5.7 million decline in direct sales. The $17.8 million decline in rental revenue is primarily due to a $14 million decline from lost business in excess of new business and a $3.8 million decline in revenue related to existing customers. The decline in direct sales revenue of $5.7 million was primarily attributable to a $4.3 million unfavorable impact from the previously anticipated loss of a national account customer. Excluding that, direct sales decreased $1.4 million when compared to the prior year.

Segment operating income of $40.7 million for the three months ended June 27, 2025 decreased $23.8 million, or 36.9%, compared to the three months ended June 28, 2024, primarily driven by the decrease in revenue during the three months ended June 27, 2025, as described above.

Segment operating income margin decreased approximately 350 basis points from 10.1% for the three months ended June 28, 2024 to approximately 6.6% for the three months ended June 27, 2025.

The following table presents an overview of our United States reportable segment results along with the amount of and percentage change between periods for the nine months ended June 27, 2025 and June 28, 2024 (dollars in thousands).