株探米国株
英語
エドガーで原本を確認する
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023
OR
o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                        to
Commission file number 001-41633
Burke & Herbert Financial Services Corp.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Virginia 92-0289417
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
100 S. Fairfax Street, Alexandria, Virginia
22314
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
703-666-3555
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class Trading symbol Name of Exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.50 per share BHRB The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer o Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer Smaller reporting company o
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of August 10, 2023, there were 7,428,710 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.


TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
i

Part I - Financial Information
Item 1.     Financial Statements
Burke & Herbert Financial Services Corp. Consolidated Financial Statements:
Page
1

Burke & Herbert Financial Services Corp.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
June 30,
2023
(Unaudited)
December 31, 2022
(Audited)
Assets
Cash and due from banks $ 9,047  $ 9,124 
Interest-earning deposits with banks 71,752  41,171 
Cash and cash equivalents 80,799  50,295 
Securities available-for-sale, at fair value 1,252,190  1,371,757 
Restricted stock, at cost 3,914  16,443 
Loans held-for-sale, at fair value 456  — 
Loans 2,000,969  1,887,221 
Allowance for credit losses (25,919) (21,039)
Net loans 1,975,050  1,866,182 
Premises and equipment, net 56,183  53,170 
Accrued interest receivable 14,781  15,481 
Company-owned life insurance 93,625  92,487 
Other assets 92,228  97,083 
Total Assets
$ 3,569,226  $ 3,562,898 
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Liabilities
Non-interest-bearing deposits $ 876,396  $ 960,692 
Interest-bearing deposits 2,128,867  1,959,708 
Total deposits 3,005,263  2,920,400 
Borrowed funds 249,000  343,100 
Accrued interest and other liabilities 24,891  25,945 
Total Liabilities
3,279,154  3,289,445 
Commitments and contingent liabilities (see Note 10)
Shareholders’ Equity
Preferred Stock, $1.00 par value per share; 2,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding
—  — 
Common Stock 4,000  4,000 
$0.50 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized and 8,000,000 issued at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022; 7,428,710 shares outstanding at June 30, 2023, and 7,425,760 shares outstanding at December 31, 2022
Additional paid-in capital 13,208  12,282 
Retained earnings 426,625  424,391 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (126,177) (139,495)
Treasury stock (27,584) (27,725)
571,290 shares, at cost, at June 30, 2023, and 574,240 shares, at cost, at December 31, 2022
Total Shareholders’ Equity
290,072  273,453 
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
$ 3,569,226  $ 3,562,898 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
2

Burke & Herbert Financial Services Corp.
Consolidated Statements of Income
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Interest income
Loans, including fees $ 25,300  $ 17,418  $ 48,060  $ 33,868 
Taxable securities 9,419  6,572  19,221  11,930 
Tax-exempt securities 1,409  2,464  2,867  4,890 
Other interest income 988  88  1,296  106 
Total interest income 37,116  26,542  71,444  50,794 
Interest expense
Deposits 10,030  368  15,431  769 
Borrowed funds 3,279  527  7,417  892 
Other interest expense 15  16  30  31 
Total interest expense 13,324  911  22,878  1,692 
Net interest income
23,792  25,631  48,566  49,102 
Provision for (recapture of) credit losses 214  (2,538) 729  (5,176)
Net interest income after credit loss expense 23,578  28,169  47,837  54,278 
Non-interest income
Fiduciary and wealth management 1,305  1,362  2,642  2,667 
Service charges and fees 1,741  1,761  3,376  3,394 
Net gains (losses) on securities (111) —  (111) 104 
Income from company-owned life insurance 571  542  1,131  1,079 
Other non-interest income 1,119  831  1,801  1,367 
Total non-interest income 4,625  4,496  8,839  8,611 
Non-interest expense
Salaries and wages 9,922  9,617  19,416  19,146 
Pensions and other employee benefits 2,406  1,901  4,874  3,940 
Occupancy 1,545  1,609  3,002  3,155 
Equipment rentals, depreciation and maintenance 1,457  1,383  2,796  2,762 
Other operating 6,018  5,858  11,625  10,530 
Total non-interest expense 21,348  20,368  41,713  39,533 
Income before income taxes 6,855  12,297  14,963  23,356 
Income tax expense
821  1,900  1,405  3,833 
Net income
$ 6,034  $ 10,397  $ 13,558  $ 19,523 
Earnings per common share:
Basic $ 0.81  $ 1.40  $ 1.82  $ 2.63 
Diluted 0.80  1.39  1.80  2.62 
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
3

Burke & Herbert Financial Services Corp.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Net income $ 6,034  $ 10,397  $ 13,558  $ 19,523 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities:
Unrealized gain (loss) arising during period, net of tax of $1,397 and $12,302 for the three months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, respectively, net of tax of ($3,180) and $29,263 for the six months ended June, 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, respectively
(5,254) (46,277) 11,964  (110,085)
Reclassification adjustment for loss (gain) on securities, net of tax of ($23) and $— for the three months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, respectively, net of tax of ($23) and $22 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, respectively
88  —  88  (82)
Reclassification adjustment for loss (gain) on fair value hedge, net of tax of ($728) and $— for the three months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, respectively, net of tax of ($232) and $— for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, respectively
2,739  —  873  — 
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedge:
Unrealized holding gain (loss) on cash flow hedge, net of tax of $73 and $96 for the three months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, respectively, net of tax of $61 and $230 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, respectively
(275) (362) (228) (865)
Reclassification adjustment for losses (gains) included in net income, net of tax ($89) and $23 for the three months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, respectively, net of tax of ($166) and $38 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, respectively
334  (85) 621  (144)
Total other comprehensive income (loss) (2,368) (46,724) 13,318  (111,176)
Comprehensive income (loss)
$ 3,666  $ (36,327) $ 26,876  $ (91,653)

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
4

Table of Contents    
Burke & Herbert Financial Services Corp.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
(Unaudited)
Common Stock Additional Paid-in
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Treasury
Stock
Shareholders’
Equity
Shares Outstanding Amount
Balance March 31, 2023 7,427,840  $ 4,000  $ 12,686  $ 424,532  $ (123,809) $ (27,626) $ 289,783 
Net income 6,034  6,034 
Other comprehensive income (loss) (2,368) (2,368)
(Purchase) sale of treasury stock, net 870  42  42 
Cash dividends, declared (3,936) (3,936)
Share-based compensation expense, net 522  (5) 517 
Balance June 30, 2023 7,428,710  $ 4,000  $ 13,208  $ 426,625  $ (126,177) $ (27,584) $ 290,072 
Balance March 31, 2022 7,424,320  $ 4,000  $ 10,891  $ 401,311  $ (57,497) $ (27,795) $ 330,910 
Net income 10,397  10,397 
Other comprehensive income (loss) (46,724) (46,724)
(Purchase) sale of treasury stock, net 1,440  69  69 
Cash dividends, declared (3,936) (3,936)
Share-based compensation expense, net 422  422 
Balance June 30, 2022 7,425,760  $ 4,000  $ 11,313  $ 407,772  $ (104,221) $ (27,726) $ 291,138 
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.












5

Burke & Herbert Financial Services Corp.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
(Unaudited)
Common Stock Additional Paid-in
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Treasury
Stock
Shareholders’
Equity
Shares Outstanding Amount
Balance December 31, 2022 7,425,760  $ 4,000  $ 12,282  $ 424,391  $ (139,495) $ (27,725) $ 273,453 
Cumulative effect adjustment due to the adoption of CECL, net of tax (3,439) (3,439)
Net income 13,558  13,558 
Other comprehensive income (loss) 13,318  13,318 
(Purchase) sale of treasury stock, net 2,950  141  141 
Cash dividends, declared (7,872) (7,872)
Share-based compensation expense, net 926  (13) 913 
Balance June 30, 2023 7,428,710  $ 4,000  $ 13,208  $ 426,625  $ (126,177) $ (27,584) $ 290,072 
Balance December 31, 2021 7,423,760  $ 4,000  $ 10,374  $ 396,120  $ 6,955  $ (27,822) $ 389,627 
Net income 19,523  19,523 
Other comprehensive income (loss) (111,176) (111,176)
(Purchase) sale of treasury stock, net 2,000  96  96 
Cash dividends, declared (7,871) (7,871)
Share-based compensation expense, net 939  939 
Balance June 30, 2022 7,425,760  $ 4,000  $ 11,313  $ 407,772  $ (104,221) $ (27,726) $ 291,138 
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
6

Burke & Herbert Financial Services Corp.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
(Unaudited)
Six Months Ended June 30,
2023 2022
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net Income $ 13,558  $ 19,523 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization of fixed assets 1,354  1,522 
Amortization of housing tax credits 2,796  3,073 
Realized loss (gain) on sales of available-for-sale securities 111  (104)
Provision for (recapture of) credit losses 729  (5,176)
Income from company-owned life insurance (1,131) (1,079)
Deferred tax (benefit) (1,560) 611 
Loss on disposal of fixed assets — 
Accretion of securities (815) (629)
Amortization of securities 4,643  5,863 
Share-based compensation expense 1,188  999 
Repayment of operating lease liabilities (1,631) (1,123)
(Gain) on loans held-for-sale (28) (60)
Proceeds from sale of loans held-for-sale 2,845  9,526 
Change in fair value of loans held-for-sale 23 
Originations of loans held-for-sale (3,307) (2,300)
(Increase) decrease in accrued interest receivable 700  (496)
(Increase) decrease in other assets 2,750  (968)
Increase in accrued interest payable and other liabilities 656  1,761 
Net cash flows provided by operating activities $ 22,864  $ 30,972 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Proceeds from maturities, prepayments, and calls of securities available-for-sale, net 52,500  120,207 
Proceeds from sale of securities available-for-sale, net 77,780  87,033 
Purchases of securities available-for-sale, net —  (262,116)
Sales of restricted stock 27,447  3,562 
Purchases of restricted stock (14,918) (4,969)
Purchases of property and equipment, net of disposals (4,367) (746)
(Purchase of) company-owned life insurance (6) (6)
(Increase) in loans made to customers, net (113,748) (12,639)
Net cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities $ 24,688  $ (69,674)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net increase (decrease) in non-interest-bearing accounts (84,296) 56,901 
Net increase (decrease) in interest-bearing accounts 169,159  (29,896)
Increase (decrease) in other short-term borrowings (94,100) 35,000 
Repayment of finance lease liabilities (80) (76)
Cash dividends paid (7,872) (7,871)
Sale of treasury stock 141  96 
Net cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities $ (17,048) $ 54,154 
Increase in cash and cash equivalents 30,504  15,452 
Cash and cash equivalents
Beginning of period 50,295  77,363 
End of period $ 80,799  $ 92,815 
7

Burke & Herbert Financial Services Corp.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
(Unaudited)
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information
Cash payments for:
Interest paid to depositors $ 14,302  $ 795 
Interest paid on other borrowed funds 8,379  881 
Interest paid on finance lease 30  32 
Income taxes 275  550 
Change in unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities 15,255  (139,452)
Lease liability arising from obtaining right-of-use assets —  502 
Transfers from portfolio loans to loans held-for-sale —  19,594 
Financing of sale from loan held-for-sale —  9,000 
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

8

Note 1— Nature of Business Activities and Significant Accounting Policies
Nature of operations
Burke & Herbert Financial Services Corp. was organized as a Virginia corporation on September 14, 2022, to serve as the holding company for Burke & Herbert Bank & Trust Company (“the Bank”), together referred to as the “Company”. The Company commenced operations as a bank holding company on October 1, 2022, following a reorganization transaction in which it became the Bank’s holding company. This transaction was treated as an internal reorganization as all shareholders of the Bank became shareholders of the Company. As a bank holding company, the Company is subject to regulation and supervision by the Federal Reserve. The Company has no material operations and owns 100% of the Bank. The Bank is a Virginia chartered commercial bank that commenced operations in 1852. The Bank is supervised and regulated by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) and the Bureau of Financial Institutions of the Virginia State Corporation Commission (the “Virginia BFI”).
The Bank’s primary market area includes northern Virginia, and it has over 20 branches throughout the Northern Virginia region and commercial loan offices in Fredericksburg, Loudoun County, and Richmond, Virginia, and in Bethesda, Maryland. The Company’s branch locations accept business and consumer deposits from a diverse customer base. The Company’s deposit products include checking, savings, and term certificate accounts. The Company’s loan portfolio includes commercial and consumer loans, a substantial portion of which are secured by real estate.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include Burke & Herbert Financial Services Corp. and its wholly owned subsidiary Burke & Herbert Bank & Trust Company and have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial reporting and with applicable quarterly reporting regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The accounting and reporting policies of the Company conform to GAAP and reflect practices of the banking industry. They do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. As such, these unaudited financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto as of and for the year ending December 31, 2022, included in the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10 filed with the SEC on February 28, 2023, as amended on April 4, 2023, April 20, 2023, and April 21, 2023, and as declared as effective by the SEC on April 21, 2023.
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions between the Company and the Bank have been eliminated. In preparing financial statements in conformity with GAAP, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations in these financial statements, have been made. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any other interim period or for the full year. All amounts and disclosures included in this quarterly report as of December 31, 2022, were derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements. Certain items in the prior period have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on prior year net income or on shareholders’ equity.
Adoption of new accounting standards
Derivatives and Hedging
On March 28, 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2022-01, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Fair Value Hedging - Portfolio Layer Method. The purpose of this updated guidance is to further align risk management objectives with hedge accounting results on the application of the last-of-layer method, which was first introduced in ASU 2017-02, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. ASU 2022-01 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. ASU 2022-01 requires a modified retrospective transition method for basis adjustments in which the entity will recognize the cumulative effect of the change on the opening balance of each affected component of equity in the statement of financial position as of the date of adoption.
9

Note 1— Nature of Business Activities and Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2023; therefore, there was no impact to the consolidated financial statements.
Allowance for Credit Losses
On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASC 326”), as amended, which replaces the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) methodology. The CECL methodology requires an estimate of credit losses for the remaining estimated life of the financial asset using historical experience, current conditions, as well as future forecasts including reasonable and supportable forecasts and other forecast periods. CECL generally applies to financial assets measured at amortized cost and some off-balance sheet credit exposures, such as unfunded commitments to extend credit. Financial assets measured at amortized cost are presented as the net amount expected to be collected.
In addition, CECL made changes to the accounting for available-for-sale debt securities. One such change is to require credit losses to be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down on available-for-sale debt securities if management does not intend to sell and does not believe that it is more likely than not, they will be required to sell.
The Company adopted ASC 326 and all related subsequent amendments thereto effective January 1, 2023, using the modified retrospective approach for all financial assets measured at amortized cost and off-balance sheet credit exposures. The adoption of the new CECL standard resulted in a cumulative-effect adjustment that increased the allowance for credit losses for loans by $4.1 million and increased the allowance for unfunded commitments by $274.8 thousand. Retained earnings, net of deferred taxes, decreased by $3.4 million. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2023, are presented under ASU 2016-13, while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with the incurred loss model under the previously applicable GAAP.
The following table illustrates the impact of the adoption of CECL, and the transition away from the incurred loss method, on January 1, 2023. The impact to the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) is presented at the loan segment level (in thousands):
January 1, 2023
Reserves under Incurred Loss Model Reserves under CECL Model Impact of CECL Adoption
Financial Assets:
Commercial real estate $ 15,477  $ 18,163  $ 2,686 
Owner-occupied commercial real estate 635  629  (6)
Acquisition, construction & development 2,082  1,442  (640)
Commercial & industrial 438  675  237 
Single family residential (1-4 units) 2,379  4,040  1,661 
Consumer non-real estate and other 28  215  187 
Unallocated reserve —  —  — 
Allowance for credit losses on loans $ 21,039  $ 25,164  $ 4,125 
Financial Liabilities:
Allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposure $ —  $ 275  $ 275 
The Company adopted ASC 326 using the prospective transition approach for debt securities for which other-than-temporary impairment had been recognized prior to January 1, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, the Company did not have any other-than-temporarily impaired investment securities. The Company did not record an ACL for securities upon adoption.
The Company elected not to measure an ACL for accrued interest receivable and instead elected to reverse interest income on loans or securities that are placed on non-accrual status, which generally occurs when the instrument is 90 days past due, or earlier if the Company believes the collection of interest is doubtful.
10

Note 1— Nature of Business Activities and Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
The Company has concluded that this policy results in the timely reversal of uncollectible interest.
On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. ASU 2022-02 addresses areas identified by the FASB as part of its implementation review of the credit losses standard (ASU 2016-13) that introduced the CECL model. The amendments eliminate the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) by creditors that have adopted the CECL model and enhance the disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. In addition, the amendments require that the Company disclose current-period gross write-offs for financing receivables and net investment in leases by year of origination in the vintage disclosures. The Company adopted the standard prospectively, and it did not have a material impact on the financial statements.
Allowance for credit losses - available-for-sale debt securities
Management evaluates all available-for-sale (“AFS”) debt securities in an unrealized loss position on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such evaluation. The Company first assesses whether it intends to sell or if it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income.
For AFS debt securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, management considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency, and adverse conditions specifically related to the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists, and an allowance for credit losses is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an ACL is recognized in other comprehensive income.
Changes in the ACL are recorded as credit loss expense (or recapture). Losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of an AFS security is confirmed or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met. At June 30, 2023, there was no ACL related to the AFS security portfolio. Refer to Note 2 - Securities in Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Allowance for credit losses - loans
The ACL represents an amount, which, in management’s judgment, reflects expected credit losses in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. The estimate for expected credit losses is based on the evaluation of the size and current risk characteristics of the loan portfolio, past events, current conditions, reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, and prepayment experience as related to credit contractual term information. The ACL is measured and recorded upon the initial recognition of a financial asset. The ACL is reduced by charge-offs, net of recoveries of previous losses, and is increased or decreased by a provision for (or recapture of) credit losses, which is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
The ACL for expected credit losses is determined based on a quantitative assessment of two categories of loans: collectively evaluated loans and individually evaluated loans. In addition, the ACL also includes a qualitative component which adjusts the CECL model for risk factors that are not considered within the CECL model, but are relevant in assessing the expected credit losses within the loan portfolio.
The Company is using a remaining useful life or weighted average remaining maturity (“WARM”) methodology to estimate its current expected credit losses. For purposes of calculating reserves in collectively evaluated loans, the ACL calculation segments the Company’s loan portfolio using federal call codes to group loans which share similar risk characteristics. In order to generate reasonable and supportable forecasts of loss rates over a two-year period, the ACL calculation utilizes macroeconomic variable loss drivers, which may include aggregate macroeconomic indicators pertaining to such items as equity market conditions or interest rates, as well as other variables that are portfolio-specific, such as those that pertain to the commercial real estate or residential loan portfolios.
11

Note 1— Nature of Business Activities and Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
A straight-line reversion technique is used for the following four quarters, and in following quarters, the ACL calculation reverts to historical average loss rates.

Based on management’s analysis, adjustments may be applied for additional factors impacting the risk of loss in the loan portfolio beyond information used to calculate reasonable and supportable, reversion and post-reversion period forecasts on collectively evaluated loans. As the reasonable and supportable and reversion period forecasts reflect the use of the macroeconomic variable loss drivers, management may consider that an additional or reduced reserve is warranted through qualitative risk factors based on current and expected conditions, including those that utilize supplemental information relative to the macroeconomic variable loss drivers. Many of these qualitative risk factors considered by management are comparable to legacy factors prior to the adoption of CECL and include the following:

•Nature and volume of loans;
•Concentrations of credit;
•Delinquency trends;
•Experience, ability, and depth of management and lending staff; and
•Quality of loan review system.
Loans that do not share similar risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis and are excluded from the collective evaluation for the ACL. Loans identified to be individually evaluated under CECL include loans on non-accrual status and may include accruing loans that do not share similar risk characteristics to other accruing loans collectively evaluated. A specific reserve analysis is applied to the individually evaluated loans, which considers collateral value, an observable market price, or the present value of the expected future cash flows. A specific reserve may be assigned if the measured value of the loan using one of the before mentioned methods is less than the current carrying value of the loan.
Under CECL, for collateral-dependent loans, the Company has adopted the practical expedient to measure the ACL based on the fair value of the collateral. A loan is considered collateral-dependent when the Company determines foreclosure is probable or the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the Company expects repayment to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. Collateral could be in the form of real estate, equipment, or business assets. An ACL may result for a collateral-dependent loan if the fair value of the underlying collateral, as of the reporting date, adjusted for expected costs to repair or sell, was less than the amortized cost basis of the loan. If repayment of the loan is instead dependent only on the operation, rather than the sale of the collateral, the measure of the ACL does not incorporate estimated costs to sell. For loans analyzed on the basis of projected future principal and interest cash flows, the Company will discount the expected cash flows at the effective interest rate of the loan, and an ACL would result if the present value of the expected cash flows was less than the amortized cost basis of the loan. When the discounted cash flow method is used to determine the ACL, management does not adjust the effective interest rate used to discount cash flows to incorporate expected prepayments.
Allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures
On a quarterly basis, the Company estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Company is exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures is adjusted through the provision for credit losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life by loan segment at each balance sheet date under the CECL model using the same methodology as the loan portfolio. The ACL for unfunded commitments is included in accrued interest and other liabilities on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Accrued Interest Receivable
The Company has elected to exclude accrued interest from the amortized cost basis in its determination of the ACL and elected the policy to write-off accrued interest receivable directly through the reversal of interest income. Accrued interest receivable totaled $7.7 million on loans and totaled $7.4 million on AFS securities at June 30, 2023, and is included in accrued interest receivable on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
12

Note 2— Securities
The carrying amount of AFS securities and their approximate fair values at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, are summarized as follows (in thousands):
June 30, 2023
Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value
Securities Available-for-Sale
U.S. Treasuries and government agencies $ 197,592  $ —  $ 22,195  $ 175,397 
Obligations of states and municipalities 538,194  28  82,360  455,862 
Residential mortgage backed - agency 47,340  —  5,350  41,990 
Residential mortgage backed - non-agency 323,519  13  27,428  296,104 
Commercial mortgage backed - agency 37,558  25  1,497  36,086 
Commercial mortgage backed - non-agency 172,286  —  7,979  164,307 
Asset-backed 76,611  2,135  74,479 
Other 9,500  —  1,535  7,965 
$ 1,402,600  $ 69  $ 150,479  $ 1,252,190 
December 31, 2022
Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value
Securities Available-for-Sale
U.S. Treasuries and government agencies $ 198,154  $ —  $ 23,161  $ 174,993 
Obligations of states and municipalities 550,590  12  96,695  453,907 
Residential mortgage backed - agency 57,883  14  4,836  53,061 
Residential mortgage backed - non-agency 365,983  26,690  339,295 
Commercial mortgage backed - agency 61,810  75  1,952  59,933 
Commercial mortgage backed - non-agency 191,709  10  8,420  183,299 
Asset-backed 101,791  49  3,214  98,626 
Other 9,500  —  857  8,643 
$ 1,537,420  $ 162  $ 165,825  $ 1,371,757 
At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, AFS securities with amortized costs of $834.8 million and $637.1 million, respectively, and with estimated fair values of $735.5 million and $552.5 million, respectively, were pledged to serve as collateral for secured borrowings, derivative exposures, or to secure public deposits as required or permitted by law.
The gross realized gains, realized losses, and proceeds from the sales of securities for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, were as follows (in thousands):
June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022
Gross realized gains $ 773  $ 727 
Gross realized losses (884) (623)
Proceeds from sales of securities 77,780  87,033 
The tax benefit (provision) related to these net realized gains and losses for June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, was $23.3 thousand, and ($21.8) thousand, respectively.
The maturities of AFS securities at June 30, 2023, were as follows (in thousands): (Expected maturities of securities not due at a single maturity date are based on average life at estimated prepayment speed. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to call or prepay some obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties).
13

Note 2— Securities (continued)
June 30, 2023
Amortized Cost
One Year or Less One to Five Years Five to Ten Years After Ten Years Total
Securities Available-for-Sale
U.S. Treasuries and government agencies $ 29,711  $ 40,637  $ 127,244  $ —  $ 197,592 
Obligations of states and municipalities 370  12,935  317,052  207,837  538,194 
Residential mortgage backed - agency 42  23,836  23,462  —  47,340 
Residential mortgage backed - non-agency 58,019  160,253  95,481  9,766  323,519 
Commercial mortgage backed - agency 196  31,090  6,272  —  37,558 
Commercial mortgage backed - non-agency 8,562  158,575  5,149  —  172,286 
Asset-backed 8,765  36,411  31,435  —  76,611 
Other —  —  9,500  —  9,500 
$ 105,665  $ 463,737  $ 615,595  $ 217,603  $ 1,402,600 
June 30, 2023
Fair Value
One Year or Less One to Five Years Five to Ten Years After Ten Years Total
Securities Available-for-Sale
U.S. Treasuries and government agencies $ 28,835  $ 35,757  $ 110,805  $ —  $ 175,397 
Obligations of states and municipalities 370  11,884  279,357  164,251  455,862 
Residential mortgage backed - agency 42  22,857  19,091  —  41,990 
Residential mortgage backed - non-agency 55,532  150,656  80,996  8,920  296,104 
Commercial mortgage backed - agency 196  29,955  5,935  —  36,086 
Commercial mortgage backed - non-agency 8,367  151,823  4,117  —  164,307 
Asset-backed 8,661  35,210  30,608  —  74,479 
Other —  7,965  —  7,965 
$ 102,003  $ 438,142  $ 538,874  $ 173,171  $ 1,252,190 
At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, there were no holdings of securities of any one issuer, other than the U.S. Government and its agencies, in any amount greater than 10% of shareholders’ equity.
14

Note 2— Securities (continued)
The following table shows the gross unrealized losses and fair value of the Company’s securities with unrealized losses aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
AFS securities in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than twelve months and more than twelve months are as follows (in thousands):
June 30, 2023
Less Than Twelve Months More Than Twelve Months
Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Total Unrealized Losses
Securities Available-for-Sale
U.S. Treasuries and government agencies $ —  $ —  $ 175,397  $ 22,195  $ 22,195 
Obligations of states and municipalities 11,245  291  440,754  82,069  82,360 
Residential mortgage backed - agency 602  15  41,387  5,335  5,350 
Residential mortgage backed - non-agency 43,562  4,315  251,852  23,113  27,428 
Commercial mortgage backed - agency 1,663  145  33,625  1,352  1,497 
Commercial mortgage backed - non-agency —  —  164,307  7,979  7,979 
Asset-backed 10,411  47  60,100  2,088  2,135 
Other 6,291  1,209  1,673  326  1,535 
$ 73,774  $ 6,022  $ 1,169,095  $ 144,457  $ 150,479 
December 31, 2022
Less Than Twelve Months More Than Twelve Months
Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Total Unrealized Losses
Securities Available-for-Sale
U.S. Treasuries and government agencies $ 28,399  $ 1,131  $ 146,594  $ 22,030  $ 23,161 
Obligations of states and municipalities 128,373  12,378  320,287  84,317  96,695 
Residential mortgage backed - agency 7,258  26  41,975  4,810  4,836 
Residential mortgage backed - non-agency 204,866  11,822  134,056  14,868  26,690 
Commercial mortgage backed - agency 23,026  562  34,847  1,390  1,952 
Commercial mortgage backed - non-agency 144,193  6,171  23,374  2,249  8,420 
Asset-backed 43,472  815  50,088  2,399  3,214 
Other 6,877  623  1,766  234  857 
$ 586,464  $ 33,528  $ 752,987  $ 132,297  $ 165,825 
The Company is required to conduct an impairment evaluation on AFS securities to determine whether the Company has the intent to sell the security or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery. If these situations apply, the guidance requires the Company to reduce the security's amortized cost basis down to its fair value through earnings. The Company also evaluates the unrealized losses on AFS securities to determine if a security's decline in fair value below its amortized cost basis is due to credit factors. The evaluation is based upon factors such as the creditworthiness of the underlying borrowers, performance of the underlying collateral, if applicable, and the level of credit support in the security structure. Management also evaluates other factors and circumstances that may be indicative of a decline in the fair value of the security due to a credit factor.
This includes, but is not limited to, an evaluation of the type of security, length of time and extent to which the fair value has been less than cost and near-term prospects of the issuer. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of the expected cash flows of the security is compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost, an ACL is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis under the CECL standard, and declines due to non-credit factors are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”), net of taxes.
15

Note 2— Securities (continued)
If a credit loss is recognized in earnings, subsequent improvements to the expectation of collectability will be recognized through the ACL. If the fair value of the security increases above its amortized cost, the unrealized gain will be recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of taxes, in the consolidated statements of financial condition. Prior to implementation of the CECL standard, unrealized losses caused by a credit event would require the direct write-down of the AFS security through the other-than-temporary impairment approach.
The Company did not record an ACL on the AFS securities at June 30, 2023. The Company considers the unrealized losses on the AFS securities to be related to fluctuations in market conditions, primarily interest rates, and not reflective of deterioration in credit. The Company had 402 securities in an unrealized loss position as of June 30, 2023. The Company has evaluated AFS securities in an unrealized loss position for credit related impairment at June 30, 2023, and concluded no impairment existed based on a combination of factors, which included: (1) the securities are of high credit quality, (2) unrealized losses are primarily the result of market volatility and increases in market interest rates, (3) the contractual terms of the investments do not permit the issuer(s) to settle the securities at a price less than the par value of each investment, (4) issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments, and (5) the Company does not intend to sell any of the investments and the accounting standard of “more likely than not” has not been met for the Company to be required to sell any of the investments before recovery of its amortized cost basis. As such, there was no ACL on AFS securities at June 30, 2023.
Securities of U.S. Treasury and Federal Agencies and Federal Agency Mortgage (Residential and Commercial) Backed Securities
At June 30, 2023, the unrealized losses associated with 12 U.S. Treasuries and Government Agency securities, 16 Residential Mortgage Backed – Agency securities, and 16 Commercial Mortgage Backed – Agency securities were generally driven by changes in interest rates and not due to credit losses given the explicit or implicit guarantees provided by the U.S. government. Therefore, the Company has concluded that the unrealized losses for these securities do not require an ACL at June 30, 2023.
Securities of U.S. States and Municipalities
At June 30, 2023, the unrealized losses associated with 202 State and Municipal securities were primarily caused by changes in interest rates and not the credit quality of the securities. These securities are investment grade and were generally underwritten in accordance with our own investment standards prior to the decision to purchase, without relying on a bond insurer’s guarantee in making the investment decision. These securities will continue to be monitored as part of our ongoing impairment analysis but are expected to perform, even if the rating agencies reduce the credit rating of the bond insurers. As a result, we expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of these securities. Therefore, the Company has concluded that the unrealized losses for these securities do not require an ACL at June 30, 2023.
Residential & Commercial Mortgage Backed – Non-Agency Securities
At June 30, 2023, the unrealized losses associated with 96 Residential Mortgage Backed – Non-Agency securities and 34 Commercial Mortgage Backed – Non-Agency securities were generally driven by changes in interest rates, credit spreads, and projected collateral losses. We assess for credit impairment by estimating the present value of expected cash flows. The key assumptions for determining expected cash flows include default rates, loss severities, and/or prepayment rates. Based on our assessment of the expected credit losses and the credit enhancement level of the securities, we expect to recover the entire amortized cost of these securities. Therefore, the Company has concluded that the unrealized losses for these securities do not require an ACL at June 30, 2023.
Asset-Backed Securities
At June 30, 2023, the unrealized losses associated with 23 Asset-Backed securities were generally driven by changes in interest rates, credit spreads, and projected collateral losses. We assess for credit impairment by estimating the present value of expected cash flows. The key assumptions for determining expected cash flows include default rates, loss severities, and/or prepayment rates. Based on our assessment of the expected credit losses and the credit enhancement level of the securities, we expect to recover the entire amortized cost of these securities. Therefore, the Company has concluded that the unrealized losses for these securities do not require an ACL at June 30, 2023.
16

Note 2— Securities (continued)
Other Securities
At June 30, 2023, the unrealized losses associated with 3 securities were primarily driven by interest rates and not the credit quality of the securities. These investments were underwritten in accordance with our own investment standards prior to the decision to purchase, without relying on a bond insurer’s guarantee in making the investment decision. Based on our assessment of the expected credit losses, we expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the securities. Therefore, the Company has concluded that the unrealized losses for these securities do not require an ACL at June 30, 2023.
Restricted stock, at cost
The Company’s investment in Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) stock totaled $3.9 million and $16.4 million at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. FHLB stock is generally viewed as a long-term investment and as a restricted investment security, which is carried at cost, because there is no market for the stock other than the FHLB or member institutions. Therefore, when evaluating FHLB stock for impairment, its value is based on the ultimate recoverability of the par value rather than by recognizing temporary declines in value. The Company does not consider this investment to be impaired at June 30, 2023, and no impairment has been recognized. FHLB stock is included in a separate line item Restricted stock, at cost on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and is not part of the Company’s AFS securities portfolio. The Company’s Restricted stock line item on the Consolidated Balance Sheets also includes an investment in Community Bankers’ Bank, totaling $50 thousand at both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, which is carried at cost and is not impaired at June 30, 2023.
Note 3— Loans
The Company’s loan portfolio segments, as reported in the tables below, include (i) commercial real estate (ii) owner-occupied commercial real estate (iii) acquisition, construction & development (iv) commercial & industrial (v) single family residential (1-4 units) and (vi) consumer non-real estate and other. The risks associated with lending activities differ among the various loan segments and are subject to the impact of changes in interest rates, market conditions of collateral securing the loans, and general economic conditions.
•Commercial real estate loans carry risk associated with either the net operating income generated from the lease of the real estate collateral or income generated from the sale of the collateral. Other risk factors include the credit-worthiness of the sponsor and the value of the collateral.
•Owner-occupied commercial real estate loans carry risk associated with the operations of the business that occupies the property and the value of the collateral.
•Acquisition, construction & development loans carry risk associated with the credit-worthiness of the borrower, project completion within budget, sale after completion, and the value of the collateral.
•Commercial & industrial loans carry the risk associated with the operations of the business and the value of the collateral, if any.
•Single family residential (1-4 units) loans for consumer purposes carry risk associated with the continued credit-worthiness of the borrower and the value of the collateral. Single family residential (1-4 units) loans for investment purpose carry risk associated with the continued credit-worthiness of the borrower, the value of the collateral, and either the net operating income generated from the lease of the real estate collateral or income generated from the sale of the collateral.
•Consumer non-real estate and other loans carry risk associated with the credit-worthiness of the borrower and the value of the collateral, if any.
17

Note 3— Loans (continued)

Loan balances at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, by portfolio segment were as follows (in thousands):
June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Commercial real estate $ 1,198,840  $ 1,109,315 
Owner-occupied commercial real estate 124,466  127,114 
Acquisition, construction & development 92,730  94,450 
Commercial & industrial 59,142  53,514 
Single family residential (1-4 units) 522,944  499,362 
Consumer non-real estate and other 2,847  3,466 
2,000,969  1,887,221 
Allowance for credit losses (25,919) (21,039)
Loans, net $ 1,975,050  $ 1,866,182 
Net deferred loan fees included in the above loan categories totaled $3.4 million and $3.3 million at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company holds $5.7 million and $7.9 million in Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans, net of deferred fees and costs as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Note 4— Allowance for Credit Losses
On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted the CECL methodology as required under ASC 326. The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables. For further discussion on the Company’s accounting policies and policy elections related to the accounting standards update refer to Note 1 - Nature of Business Activities and Significant Accounting Policies in these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. All information presented as of June 30, 2023, is in accordance with ASC 326. All other information presented prior to January 1, 2023, is in accordance with previous applicable GAAP.
The Company’s ACL is calculated quarterly, with any adjustment recorded to the provision for credit losses in the Consolidated Statement of Income. Management calculates the quantitative portion of collectively evaluated loans for all loan categories using the WARM method. For purposes of estimating the Company’s ACL, management generally evaluates collectively evaluated loans by federal call code in order to group loans with similar risk characteristics.
Loans that do not share similar risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual loan basis and are excluded from the collective evaluation for the ACL. Loans identified to be individually evaluated under CECL include loans on non-accrual status and may include accruing loans that do not share similar risk characteristics to other accruing loans that are collectively evaluated on a loan pool basis. A specific reserve analysis may be applied to the individually evaluated loans, which considers collateral value, an observable market price, or the present value of the expected future cash flows. A specific reserve is assigned if the measured value of the loan using one of the before mentioned methods is less than the carrying value of the loan.
Based on management’s analysis, adjustments may be applied for additional factors impacting the risk of loss in the loan portfolio beyond the information that is used to calculate a reasonable and supportable forecast and a reversion period forecast on collectively evaluated loans. Management may consider an additional or reduced reserve as warranted through qualitative risk factors based on the current and expected conditions, as measured in supplemental information relative to the macroeconomic variable loss drivers used to calculate a reasonable and supportable forecast and a reversion period forecast. These qualitative risk factors considered by management are largely comparable to legacy factors prior to the adoption of CECL.
18

Note 4— Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)
The following tables presents the activity in the ACL, including the impact of the adoption of CECL, for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, and the activity for the allowance for loan losses for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022 (in thousands).
Commercial real estate Owner-occupied commercial real estate Acquisition, construction & development Commercial & industrial Single family residential (1-4 units) Consumer non-real estate and other Unallocated Total
Three months ended
June 30, 2023
Balance, beginning of period $ 18,409  $ 556  $ 1,852  $ 700  $ 4,030  $ 157  $ —  $ 25,704 
Provision for (recapture of) credit losses 227  163  (533) (59) 487  25  —  310 
Charge-offs —  —  —  (29) —  (75) —  (104)
Recoveries —  —  —  — 
Balance, end of period $ 18,639  $ 719  $ 1,319  $ 612  $ 4,520  $ 110  $ —  $ 25,919 
June 30, 2022
Balance, beginning of period $ 22,773  $ 663  $ 2,316  $ 113  $ 1,451  $ 14  $ 1,731  $ 29,061 
Provision for (recapture of) loan losses (3,968) 61  1,291  101  (49) 26  —  (2,538)
Charge-offs (3,261) —  —  —  —  (27) —  (3,288)
Recoveries —  —  —  117  —  127 
Balance, end of period $ 15,548  $ 724  $ 3,607  $ 214  $ 1,519  $ 19  $ 1,731  $ 23,362 
Commercial real estate Owner-occupied commercial real estate Acquisition, construction & development Commercial & industrial Single family residential (1-4 units) Consumer non-real estate and other Unallocated Total
Six months ended
June 30, 2023
Beginning balance, prior to adoption of CECL $ 15,477  $ 635  $ 2,082  $ 438  $ 2,379  $ 28  $ —  $ 21,039 
Impact of the adoption of CECL 2,686  (6) (640) 237  1,661  187  —  4,125 
Provision for (recapture of) credit losses 445  90  (123) (34) 474  (19) —  833 
Charge-offs —  —  —  (29) —  (92) —  (121)
Recoveries 31  —  —  —  —  43 
Balance, end of period $ 18,639  $ 719  $ 1,319  $ 612  $ 4,520  $ 110  $ —  $ 25,919 
June 30, 2022
Balance, beginning of period $ 25,112  $ 611  $ 2,189  $ 165  $ 2,434  $ 18  $ 1,180  $ 31,709 
Provision for (recapture of) loan losses (6,289) 113  1,418  69  (1,079) 41  551  (5,176)
Charge-offs (3,282) —  —  (20) —  (55) —  (3,357)
Recoveries —  —  —  164  15  —  186 
Balance, end of period $ 15,548  $ 724  $ 3,607  $ 214  $ 1,519  $ 19  $ 1,731  $ 23,362 
19

Note 4— Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)
The information presented in the table below is not required for periods after the adoption of CECL. The following table summarizes the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment and based on the impairment method (individually or collectively evaluated for impairment) as of December 31, 2022 (in thousands):
Commercial real estate Owner-occupied commercial real estate Acquisition, construction & development Commercial & industrial Single family residential (1-4 units) Consumer non-real estate and other Unallocated Total
December 31, 2022
Allowance for loan losses
Individually evaluated for impairment $ 41  $ 102  $ —  $ —  $ 96  $ —  $ —  $ 239 
Collectively evaluated for impairment 15,436  533  2,082  438  2,283  28  —  20,800 
Total ending allowance balance $ 15,477  $ 635  $ 2,082  $ 438  $ 2,379  $ 28  $ —  $ 21,039 
Loan balance:
Individually evaluated for impairment $ 331  $ 2,580  $ —  $ —  $ 6,158  $ —  $ —  $ 9,069 
Collectively evaluated for impairment 1,108,984  124,534  94,450  53,514  493,204  3,466  —  1,878,152 
Total ending loan balance $ 1,109,315  $ 127,114  $ 94,450  $ 53,514  $ 499,362  $ 3,466  $ —  $ 1,887,221 
Prior to the adoption of CECL, loans were considered impaired when, based on current information and events as of the measurement date, it was probable the Company would be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreements. Impaired loans included loans on non-accrual status and accruing TDRs. When determining if the Company would be unable to collect all principal and interest payments due in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement, the Company considered the borrower’s capacity to pay, which included such factors as the borrower’s current financial statements, an analysis of the global cash flow sufficient to pay all debt obligations, and an evaluation of secondary sources of repayment, such as guarantor support and collateral value.
The following table presents information related to impaired loans (in thousands) by portfolio segment as of December 31, 2022:
Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment
Interest Income Recognized (1)
December 31, 2022
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Owner-occupied commercial real estate 1,184  1,394  —  1,291  97 
Acquisition, construction & development —  —  —  —  — 
Commercial & industrial —  —  —  —  — 
Single family residential (1-4 units) 5,151  5,576  —  5,131  213 
Consumer non-real estate and other —  —  —  —  — 
Subtotal $ 6,335  $ 6,970  $ —  $ 6,422  $ 310 
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate $ 331  $ 331  $ 41  $ 350  $ 23 
Owner-occupied commercial real estate 1,397  1,397  102  1,420  74 
Acquisition, construction & development —  —  —  —  — 
Commercial & industrial —  —  —  —  — 
Single family residential (1-4 units) 1,007  1,141  96  1,033  57 
Consumer non-real estate and other —  —  —  —  — 
Subtotal $ 2,735  $ 2,869  $ 239  $ 2,803  $ 154 
(1)Cash basis interest income recognized approximates interest income recognized shown as of the twelve months ended December 31, 2022.


20

Note 4— Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)
The recorded investment in loans excludes accrued interest receivable and loan origination fees, net due to immateriality. The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, by portfolio segment (in thousands):
June 30, 2023
30 - 59 Days Past Due 60 - 89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due Total Past Due Current Loans Total Loans 90 Days Past Due & Still Accruing Non-accrual loans
Commercial real estate $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 1,198,840  $ 1,198,840  $ —  $ — 
Owner-occupied commercial real estate 873  —  673  1,546  122,920  124,466  —  1,066 
Acquisition, construction & development —  —  —  —  92,730  92,730  —  — 
Commercial & industrial —  —  —  —  59,142  59,142  —  — 
Single family residential (1-4 units) 146  —  61  207  522,737  522,944  —  1,857 
Consumer non-real estate and other 42  —  —  42  2,805  2,847  —  — 
Total $ 1,061  $ —  $ 734  $ 1,795  $ 1,999,174  $ 2,000,969  $ —  $ 2,923 
December 31, 2022
30 - 59 Days Past Due 60 - 89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due Total Past Due Current Loans Total Loans 90 Days Past Due & Still Accruing Non-accrual loans
Commercial real estate $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 1,109,315  $ 1,109,315  $ —  $ — 
Owner-occupied commercial real estate —  —  —  —  127,114  127,114  —  1,184 
Acquisition, construction & development —  —  —  —  94,450  94,450  —  — 
Commercial & industrial —  —  —  —  53,514  53,514  —  — 
Single family residential (1-4 units) 1,403  154  546  2,103  497,259  499,362  —  4,313 
Consumer non-real estate and other —  —  3,462  3,466  —  — 
Total $ 1,403  $ 158  $ 546  $ 2,107  $ 1,885,114  $ 1,887,221  $ —  $ 5,497 
Credit Quality Indicators
The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, current economic information, and other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans by credit risk. The Company internally grades all commercial loans at the time of origination. In addition, the Company performs an annual review on the top twenty-five non-homogenous commercial loan relationships as measured by total Company exposure to each borrower. The Company uses the following definitions for credit risk classifications:
Pass: These include satisfactory loans that have acceptable levels of risk.
Special Mention: Loans classified as special mention have a potential credit weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date.
Substandard: Loans classified as substandard have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the orderly liquidation of debt. Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by sound net worth, payment capacity of the borrower, or of the collateral pledged. If weaknesses go uncorrected, there is potential for partial loss of principal and/or interest.
Doubtful: Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and unlikely.
Loss: Loans classified as a loss are considered to be uncollectible and cannot be justified to continue as viable assets. While there may be the possibility of some recovery in the future, it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off these loans at the present time.
21

Note 4— Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)
The Company has a portfolio of smaller homogenous loans that are not individually risk rated that are included within the single family residential and consumer non-real estate and other loan classes. Generally, these loan classes are rated as “Pass” unless these loans are on non-accrual and are then classified as substandard.
The following table presents the amortized cost basis of the loan portfolio, by year of origination, loan class, and credit quality, as of June 30, 2023 (in thousands):
Term Loans
2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Total
Commercial real estate
Pass $ 109,677  $ 268,807  $ 170,100  $ 15,736  $ 75,506  $ 422,563  $ 4,975  $ 1,067,364 
Special Mention —  15,000  44,873  8,398  1,266  2,306  —  71,843 
Substandard —  600  2,351  —  7,516  49,166  —  59,633 
Doubtful —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Loss —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total $ 109,677  $ 284,407  $ 217,324  $ 24,134  $ 84,288  $ 474,035  $ 4,975  $ 1,198,840 
Year to date gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Owner-occupied commercial real estate
Pass $ 2,569  $ 29,761  $ 9,622  $ 15,225  $ 13,021  $ 44,538  $ 4,535  $ 119,271 
Special Mention —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Substandard —  539  —  —  —  4,656  —  5,195 
Doubtful —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Loss —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total $ 2,569  $ 30,300  $ 9,622  $ 15,225  $ 13,021  $ 49,194  $ 4,535  $ 124,466 
Year to date gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Acquisition, construction & development
Pass $ 2,941  $ 26,843  $ 14,504  $ —  $ —  $ 23,960  $ 1,610  $ 69,858 
Special Mention —  —  —  —  779  —  —  779 
Substandard —  —  —  —  —  22,093  —  22,093 
Doubtful —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Loss —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total $ 2,941  $ 26,843  $ 14,504  $ —  $ 779  $ 46,053  $ 1,610  $ 92,730 
Year to date gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Commercial & industrial
Pass $ 19,732  $ 17,575  $ 8,041  $ 523  $ 41  $ 1,595  $ 11,635  $ 59,142 
Special Mention —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Substandard —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Doubtful —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Loss —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total $ 19,732  $ 17,575  $ 8,041  $ 523  $ 41  $ 1,595  $ 11,635  $ 59,142 
Year to date gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 29  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 29 
Single family residential (1-4 units)
Pass $ 55,068  $ 130,556  $ 61,981  $ 32,645  $ 41,566  $ 148,187  $ 51,084  $ 521,087 
Special Mention —  — 
Substandard —  —  291  252  —  1,314  —  1,857 
Doubtful —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Loss —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total $ 55,068  $ 130,556  $ 62,272  $ 32,897  $ 41,566  $ 149,501  $ 51,084  $ 522,944 
Year to date gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
22

Note 4— Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)
Consumer non-real estate and other
Pass $ 227  $ 270  $ 161  $ 248  $ 435  $ 397  $ 1,109  $ 2,847 
Special Mention —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Substandard —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Doubtful —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Loss —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total $ 227  $ 270  $ 161  $ 248  $ 435  $ 397  $ 1,109  $ 2,847 
Year to date gross charge-offs $ 92  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 92 
The value of outstanding loans by credit quality indicators as of December 31, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):
Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total
December 31, 2022
Commercial real estate $ 1,011,025  $ 62,907  $ 35,383  $ —  $ —  $ 1,109,315 
Owner-occupied commercial real estate 121,621  1,963  3,530  —  —  127,114 
Acquisition, construction & development 68,220  836  25,394  —  —  94,450 
Commercial & industrial 53,273  —  241  —  —  53,514 
Single family residential (1-4 units) 494,994  55  4,313  —  —  499,362 
Consumer non-real estate and other 3,466  —  —  —  —  3,466 
Total $ 1,752,599  $ 65,761  $ 68,861  $ —  $ —  $ 1,887,221 
The following tables present information about collateral-dependent loans that were individually evaluated for purposes of determining the ACL as of June 30, 2023 (in thousands):
Collateral-Dependent Loans
With Allowance With No Related Allowance Total
Amortized Cost Related Allowance Amortized Cost Amortized Cost Related Allowance
June 30, 2023
Commercial real estate $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Owner-occupied commercial real estate —  —  1,066  1,066  — 
Acquisition, construction & development —  —  —  —  — 
Commercial & industrial —  —  —  —  — 
Single family residential (1-4 units) —  —  2,670  2,670  — 
Consumer non-real estate and other —  —  —  —  — 
Total $ —  $ —  $ 3,736  $ 3,736  $ — 
On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2022-02 on a modified retrospective basis. ASU 2022-02 eliminates the TDR accounting model and requires that the Company evaluate, based on the accounting for loan modifications, whether the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, and the modification results in a more-than-insignificant direct change in the contractual cash flows and represents a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan. This change required all loan modifications to be accounted for under the general loan modification guidance in ASC 310-20, Receivables — Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs, and subjects entities to new disclosure requirements on loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Upon adoption of CECL, the Company loans classified as TDRs were individually evaluated for the ACL, and the measurement was done either using the collateral-dependent or the discounted cash flow method.
The Company may modify loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by providing principal forgiveness, term extension, interest rate reduction, or an other-than-insignificant payment delay. When principal forgiveness is provided, the amount of forgiveness is charged off against the ACL. The Company may also provide multiple types of modifications on an individual loan. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company did not extend any modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that had a more-than-insignificant direct change in the contractual cash flows of the loan.
23

Note 4— Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)
The Company did not extend any modifications that were defined as TDRs during the year ended December 31, 2022.
Note 5— Deposits
The aggregate amount of time deposits, each with a minimum denomination of $250,000, was approximately $48.5 million and $32.6 million on June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Brokered time deposits totaled $389.1 million and $100.3 million as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Time deposits through the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service (“CDARS”) program totaled $18.8 million at June 30, 2023, compared to $11.7 million at December 31, 2022.
At June 30, 2023, the scheduled maturities of time deposits for the remaining six months ending December 31, 2023 and the following five years were as follows (in thousands):
As of June 30, 2023
Remaining six months ending, December 31, 2023 $ 99,479 
2024 191,983 
2025 132,500 
2026 82,716 
2027 49,528 
2028 77,838 
Total $ 634,044 
At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, amounts included in time deposits for individual retirement accounts totaled $32.0 million and $36.9 million, respectively.
Overdrafts of $102 thousand and $503 thousand were reclassified to loans as of June 30, 2023, and the year ended December 31, 2022, respectively.
Note 6— Advances and Other Borrowings
The Company had borrowings of $249.0 million and $343.1 million at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. At June 30, 2023, the interest rate on this debt ranged from 4.38% to 5.20%. At December 31, 2022, the interest rate on this debt ranged from 4.13% to 4.57%. The average balance outstanding during the six months ending June 30, 2023, and the year ending December 31, 2022, was $257.2 million and $269.5 million, respectively. The Company’s short-term borrowings from time-to-time may consist of advances from the FHLB of Atlanta, unsecured lines from Correspondent Banks, and secured lines from the Federal Discount Window.
The Company has available lines of credit with the FHLB of Atlanta and unsecured federal funds lines of credit from correspondent banking relationships. Through these sources, the Company has unused capacity of $959.0 million in remaining borrowing capacity as of June 30, 2023. The Advances on credit lines are secured by both securities and loans. The amount of securities and loans pledged against available lines of credit as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, was $782.9 million and $698.1 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2023, all of the Company’s borrowings will mature within one calendar year.
The contractual maturities of these borrowings as of June 30, 2023, are as follows (in thousands):
Due in 2023 $ 49,000 
Due in 2024 200,000 
Total $ 249,000 


24

Note 7— Leased Property
Lessor Arrangements
The Company enters into operating leases with customers to lease vacant space in certain owned premises that is not being used by the Company. These operating leases are typically payable in monthly installments with terms ranging from around two years to around twelve years and may contain renewal options.
The components of lease income, which was included in non-interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income, were as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Operating lease income $ 575  $ 43  $ 1,150  $ 86 
Total lease income $ 575  $ 43  $ 1,150  $ 86 
The remaining maturities of operating lease receivables as of June 30, 2023, are as follows (in thousands):
Operating Leases
Remaining six months ending December 31, 2023 $ 1,151 
2024 2,302 
2025 2,265 
2026 1,657 
2027 1,356 
Thereafter 3,783 
Total lease receivables $ 12,514 
Lessee Arrangements
The Company has entered into leases for branches and office space. The leases are evaluated for whether the lease will be classified as either a finance or operating lease. Certain leases offer the option to extend the lease term, and the Company has included such extensions in its calculation of the lease liabilities to the extent the options are reasonably assured of being exercised. Including renewal options, the terms of the Company’s leases range from less than one year to around thirteen years. The lease agreements do not provide for residual value guarantees and have no restrictions or covenants that would impact dividends or require incurring additional financial obligations.
Lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments and are presented at each reporting date as the net present value of the remaining contractual cash flows. These cash flows are discounted at the Company’s incremental borrowing rate in effect at the commencement date of the lease. The right-of-use asset and lease liability are included in other assets and other liabilities, respectively, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Right-of-use assets and liabilities by lease type, and the associated balance sheet classifications are as follows (in thousands):
Balance Sheet Classification June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Right-of-use assets:
Operating leases Other assets $ 5,572  $ 7,255 
Finance leases Other assets 2,518  2,620 
Total right-of-use assets $ 8,090  $ 9,875 
Lease liabilities:
Operating leases Other liabilities $ 5,837  $ 7,592 
Finance leases Other liabilities 2,666  2,745 
Total lease liabilities $ 8,503  $ 10,337 
25

Note 7— Leased Property (continued)
The components of total lease cost were as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Finance lease cost
Right-of-use asset amortization $ 51  $ 51  $ 102  $ 102 
Interest expense 15  16  30  32 
Operating lease cost 839  594  1,667  1,195 
Total lease cost $ 905  $ 661  $ 1,799  $ 1,329 

The Company’s future undiscounted lease payments for finance and operating leases with initial terms of one year or more as of June 30, 2023, are as follows (in thousands):
Operating Leases Finance Leases
Remaining six months ending December 31, 2023 $ 1,591  $ 110 
2024 2,305  224 
2025 849  228 
2026 415  233 
2027 366  238 
Thereafter 625  2,034 
Total undiscounted lease payments 6,151  3,067 
Less: discount (314) (401)
Net lease liabilities $ 5,837  $ 2,666 
The following table presents additional information about the Company’s leases as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
Supplemental lease information (dollars in thousands) June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Finance lease weighted average remaining lease term (years) 12.26 12.76
Finance lease weighted average discount rate 2.22  % 2.22  %
Operating lease weighted average remaining lease term (years) 3.15 3.26
Operating lease weighted average discount rate 3.06  % 3.19  %
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022
Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 1,739  $ 1,238 
Operating cash flows from finance leases 30  32 
Financing cash flows from finance leases 80  76 
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities —  — 
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities —  502 
Note 8— Regulatory Capital Matters
Banks and bank holding companies are subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Capital adequacy guidelines and, additionally for banks, “prompt corrective action” regulations, involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by regulators. Failure to meet capital requirements can initiate regulatory action. Under the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s capital guidelines for U.S. Banks (“Basel III rules”), an entity must hold a capital conservation buffer above the adequately capitalized risk-based capital ratios. The net unrealized gain or loss on AFS securities is not included in computing regulatory capital.
26

Note 8— Regulatory Capital Matters (continued)
Management believes as of June 30, 2023, the Company and the Bank meet all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.
“Prompt corrective action” regulations provide five classifications: “well capitalized”, “adequately capitalized”, “undercapitalized”, “significantly undercapitalized”, and “critically undercapitalized”, although these terms are not used to represent overall financial condition. If “adequately capitalized”, regulatory approval is required to accept brokered deposits. If “undercapitalized”, capital distributions are limited, as is asset growth and expansion, and capital restoration plans are required. As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the most recent notification from the FDIC categorized the Bank as “well capitalized” under the regulatory framework for “prompt corrective action”.
The following table presents the actual and required capital amounts and ratios for the Company and the Bank at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022 (in thousands except for ratios).
Actual Minimum Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes (includes applicable Capital Conservation Buffer) To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Regulations
Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio
As of June 30, 2023
Total Capital to risk weighted assets
Consolidated $ 442,338  18.71  % $ 248,273 
≥ 10.5%
$ 236,450 
≥ 10.0%
Burke & Herbert Bank & Trust 439,212  18.57  248,365 
≥ 10.5
236,538 
≥ 10.0
Tier 1 (Core) Capital to risk weighted assets
Consolidated 416,249  17.60  200,983 
≥ 8.5
189,160 
≥ 8.0
Burke & Herbert Bank & Trust 413,123  17.47  201,057 
≥ 8.5
189,230 
≥ 8.0
Common Tier 1 (CET 1) to risk-weighted assets
Consolidated 416,249  17.60  165,515 
≥ 7.0
153,693 
≥ 6.5
Burke & Herbert Bank & Trust 413,123  17.47  165,576 
≥ 7.0
153,750 
≥ 6.5
Tier 1 (Core) Capital to average assets
Consolidated 416,249  11.20  148,725 
≥ 4.0
185,906 
≥ 5.0
Burke & Herbert Bank & Trust 413,123  11.11  148,770 
≥ 4.0
185,962 
≥ 5.0
As of December 31, 2022
Total Capital to risk weighted assets
Consolidated $ 433,958  18.88  % $ 241,325 
≥ 10.5%
$ 229,834 
≥ 10.0%
Burke & Herbert Bank & Trust 432,290  18.81  241,368 
≥ 10.5
229,874 
≥ 10.0
Tier 1 (Core) Capital to risk weighted assets
Consolidated 412,946  17.97  195,358 
≥ 8.5
186,867 
≥ 8.0
Burke & Herbert Bank & Trust 411,251  17.89  195,393 
≥ 8.5
183,900 
≥ 8.0
Common Tier 1 (CET 1) to risk-weighted assets
Consolidated 412,946  17.97  160,883 
≥ 7.0
149,392 
≥ 6.5
Burke & Herbert Bank & Trust 411,251  17.89  160,912 
≥ 7.0
149,418 
≥ 6.5
Tier 1 (Core) Capital to average assets
Consolidated 412,946  11.34  145,605 
≥ 4.0
182,007 
≥ 5.0
Burke & Herbert Bank & Trust 411,251  11.30  145,605 
≥ 4.0
182,007 
≥ 5.0
The Company’s principal source of funds for dividend payments is dividends received from the Bank. Banking regulations limit the amount of dividends that may be paid without prior approval of regulatory agencies. As of June 30, 2023, approximately $190.8 million of retained earnings was available for dividend declaration without regulatory approval.
Note 9— Derivatives
The Company utilizes interest rate swap agreements as part of its asset liability management strategy to help manage its interest rate risk position. The notional amount of the interest rate swaps does not represent amounts exchanged by the parties. The amount exchanged is determined by reference to the notional amount and the other terms of the individual interest rate swap agreements.
27

Note 9— Derivatives (continued)
Cash flow hedges of interest rate risk
The Company’s objective in using interest rate derivatives is to add stability to interest income and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps and floors as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of fixed-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making variable-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. Interest rate floors designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty if interest rates fall below the strike rate on the contract in exchange for an up-front premium. During 2023, such derivatives were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with variable-rate assets.

For derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk, the gain or loss on the derivative is recorded in AOCI and subsequently reclassified into interest income in the same period(s) during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Amounts reported in AOCI related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest income as interest payments are received on the Company’s variable-rate asset. During the next 12 months, the Company estimates that an additional $1.5 million will be reclassified as a reduction to interest income.

Fair value hedges of interest rate risk
The Company is exposed to changes in the fair value of fixed-rate assets due to changes in benchmark interest rates. The Company uses interest rate swaps to manage its exposure to changes in fair value on these instruments attributable to changes in the designated benchmark interest rate. Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges involve the payment of fixed-rate amounts to a counterparty in exchange for the Company receiving variable-rate payments over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amount.

For derivatives designated and that qualify as fair value hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative, as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk, are recognized in interest income.

As of June 30, 2023, the following amounts were recorded on the balance sheet related to the cumulative basis adjustment for fair value hedges (in thousands):

Line Item in the Statement of Financial Position in Which the Hedged Item is Included Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities) Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)
June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
(2)
Securities available-for-sale, at fair value(1)
$ 298,853  $ —  $ (1,106) $ — 
Total $ 298,853  $ —  $ (1,106) $ — 
(1) These amounts include the amortized cost basis of closed portfolios of AFS securities used to designate hedging relationships in which the hedged item is the stated amount of assets in the closed portfolio anticipated to be outstanding for the designated hedged period. At June 30, 2023, the amortized cost basis of the closed portfolios used in these hedging relationships was $298.9 million and the cumulative basis adjustments associated with these hedging relationships was $1.1 million.
(2) The entire balance represents the hedging adjustment on a voluntary discontinued hedging relationship. The Company has allocated the basis adjustment to the remaining individual assets in the closed portfolio and will amortize the basis adjustment over a period consistent with amortization of other discounts or premiums on the assets.

Derivatives not designated as hedges
The Company enters into interest rate swaps with its loan customers to facilitate their financing requests. Upon entering into swaps with our loan customers, the Company will enter into corresponding offsetting derivatives with third parties. These derivatives represent economic hedges and do not qualify as hedges for accounting. These back-to-back interest rate swaps are reported at fair value in “other assets” and “other liabilities” in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in the fair value of interest rate swaps are recorded in other non-interest expense and sum to zero because of offsetting terms of swaps with borrowers and swaps with dealer counterparties.
28

Note 9— Derivatives (continued)
The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments, which includes accrued interest, as well as their classification on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):
June 30, 2023
Balance Sheet Location Notional Amount Fair Value
Derivatives designated as hedges:
Interest rate swaps related to cash flow hedges Other liabilities $ 50,000  $ 1,836 
Derivatives not designated as hedges:
Interest rate swaps related to customer loans Other assets $ 66,709  $ 1,740 
Interest rate swaps related to customer loans Other liabilities 66,709  1,740 
December 31, 2022
Balance Sheet Location Notional Amount Fair Value
Derivatives designated as hedges:
Interest rate swaps related to cash flow hedges Other liabilities $ 50,000  $ 2,254 
Derivatives not designated as hedges:
Interest rate swaps related to customer loans Other assets $ 34,674  $ 1,311 
Interest rate swaps related to customer loans Other liabilities 34,674  1,311 
The table below presents the effect of cash flow hedge accounting on AOCI for the three months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, as follows (in thousands):

Derivatives in Cash Flow
Hedging Relationships
June 30, 2023 Location of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income June 30, 2023
Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative
Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI Included Component Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI Excluded Component Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income Included Component Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income Excluded Component
Interest Rate Products $ (348) $ (348) $ —  Interest Income $ (423) $ (423) $ — 
Total $ (348) $ (348) $ —  $ (423) $ (423) $ — 
Derivatives in Cash Flow
Hedging Relationships
June 30, 2022 Location of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income June 30, 2022
Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative
Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI Included Component Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI Excluded Component Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income Included Component Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income Excluded Component
Interest Rate Products $ (459) $ (459) $ —  Interest Income $ 108  $ 108  $ — 
Total $ (459) $ (459) $ —  $ 108  $ 108  $ — 
29

Note 9— Derivatives (continued)
The table below presents the effect of cash flow hedge accounting on AOCI for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, as follows (in thousands):
Derivatives in Cash Flow
Hedging Relationships
June 30, 2023 Location of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income June 30, 2023
Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative
Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI Included Component Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI Excluded Component Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income Included Component Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income Excluded Component
Interest Rate Products $ (289) $ (289) $ —  Interest Income $ (786) $ (786) $ — 
Total $ (289) $ (289) $ —  $ (786) $ (786) $ — 

Derivatives in Cash Flow
Hedging Relationships
June 30, 2022 Location of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income June 30, 2022
Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative
Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI Included Component Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI Excluded Component Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income Included Component Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income Excluded Component
Interest Rate Products $ (1,095) $ (1,095) $ —  Interest Income $ 182  $ 182  $ — 
Total $ (1,095) $ (1,095) $ —  $ 182  $ 182  $ — 

The table below presents the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022.
Location and Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income on Fair Value and Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Three months ended
June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022
Interest Income Interest Expense Interest Income Interest Expense
Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the statement of financial performance in which the effects of fair value or cash flow hedges are recorded. $ (914) $ —  $ 108  $ — 
The effects of fair value and cash flow hedging:
Gain or (loss) on fair value hedging relationships in Subtopic 815-20
Interest contracts
Hedged items (3,468) —  —  — 
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments 2,977  —  —  — 
Gain or (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships in Subtopic 815-20
Interest contracts
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from AOCI into income (423) —  108  — 
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from AOCI into income as a result that a forecasted transaction is no longer probable of occurring —  —  —  — 
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from AOCI into income - included component (423) —  108  — 
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from AOCI into income - excluded component —  —  —  — 
30

Note 9— Derivatives (continued)
Location and Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income on Fair Value and Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Six months ended
June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022
Interest Income Interest Expense Interest Income Interest Expense
Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the statement of financial performance in which the effects of fair value or cash flow hedges are recorded. $ (1,117) $ —  $ 182  $ — 
The effects of fair value and cash flow hedging:
Gain or (loss) on fair value hedging relationships in Subtopic 815-20
Interest contracts
Hedged items (1,106) —  —  — 
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments 776  —  —  — 
Gain or (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships in Subtopic 815-20
Interest contracts
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from AOCI into income (786) —  182  — 
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from AOCI into income as a result that a forecasted transaction is no longer probable of occurring —  —  —  — 
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from AOCI into income - included component (786) —  182  — 
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from AOCI into income - excluded component —  —  —  — 
Credit-risk-related Contingent Features
As of June 30, 2023, the fair value of derivatives in a net liability position, which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for non-performance risk related to these agreements, was $1.8 million. As of June 30, 2023, the Company has posted the full amount of collateral related to these agreements.

Note 10— Commitments and Contingencies
Interest rate lock commitments
Commitments to fund consumer mortgage loans (interest rate lock commitments) to be sold into the secondary market are defined as derivatives under GAAP. The Company enters into best effort forward commitments for the future delivery of mortgage loans to third-party investors. The Company has elected the fair value option (“FVO”) on both the best-efforts forward commitments and the consumer mortgage loans held-for-sale in order to economically hedge the effect of changes in interest rates resulting from the commitment to fund the loans.
Interest Rate lock commitments are not designated as hedging instruments, and therefore, changes in the fair value of these free-standing derivative instruments are reported as non-interest income.
Credit extension commitments
The Company’s financial statements do not reflect various financial instruments which arise in the normal course of business and which involve elements of credit risk, interest rate risk, and liquidity risk. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, commercial letters of credit, and revolving lines of credit.
Many of our lending relationships contain both funded and unfunded elements. The funded portion is reflected on our balance sheet. The unfunded portion of these commitments is not recorded on our balance sheet until a draw is made under the loan facility. Since many of our commitments to extend credit may expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash flow requirements.
31

Note 10— Commitments and Contingencies (continued)
A summary of the contractual amounts of the Company’s financial instruments outstanding at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, is as follows (in thousands):
June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Commitments to extend credit $ 247,319  $ 291,265 
Commercial letters of credit 9,992  8,539 
Commitments to extend credit and commercial letters of credit all include exposure to some credit loss in the event of nonperformance of the customer. The Company’s credit policies and procedures for credit commitments and financial guarantees are the same as those for extensions of credit that are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Many of these instruments have fixed maturity dates, and many of them will expire without being drawn upon; accordingly, they do not generally present any significant liquidity risk to the Company.
Allowance for credit losses - off-balance-sheet credit exposures
The Company recorded a recapture of credit losses on unfunded commitments of $97.3 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2023, and a recapture of credit losses on unfunded commitments of $104.7 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The ACL on off-balance-sheet credit totaled $170.0 thousand at June 30, 2023, and is included in accrued interest and other liabilities on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Litigation
The Company is a party to litigation, claims, and proceedings arising in the normal course of business that are ordinary and routine to the nature of the Company’s business and operations. Management, after consultation with legal counsel, believes that the liabilities, if any, arising from any currently pending or threatened litigation, claims, or proceedings will not be material to the Company’s financial position.
Note 11— Fair Value Measurements
Determination of Fair Value
Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:
Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.
Level 2 – Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect our own assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.
In instances in which multiple levels of inputs are used to measure fair value, hierarchy classification is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.
The Company used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate fair value:
Investment securities
The fair values for investment securities are determined by quoted market prices, if available (Level 1). For securities where quoted prices are not available, fair values are calculated based on market prices of similar securities (Level 2), using matrix pricing. Matrix pricing is a mathematical technique commonly used to price debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities (Level 2 inputs).
32

Note 11— Fair Value Measurements (continued)
For securities where quoted prices or market prices of similar securities are not available, fair values are calculated using discounted cash flows or other market indicators (Level 3).
Derivatives
The fair values of derivatives are based on valuation models using observable market data as of the measurement date (Level 2). The Company has contracted with a third-party vendor to provide valuations for interest rate swaps using standard swap valuation techniques. The Company has considered counterparty credit risk in the valuation of its interest rate swap assets and has considered its own credit risk in the valuation of its interest rate swap liabilities. The Company recognizes interest rate lock commitments at fair value. Fair value of interest rate lock commitments is based on the price of underlying loans obtained from an investor for loans that will be delivered on a best effort basis (Level 2).
Loans held-for-sale, at fair value
The fair value of loans held-for-sale is determined using quoted prices for similar assets, adjusted for specific attributes of that loan (Level 2). These loans currently consist of one-to-four family residential loans originated for sale in the secondary market.
33

Note 11— Fair Value Measurements (continued)
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below (in thousands):
Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2023 Using:
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Total
Financial assets
Investment Securities
U.S. Treasuries and government agencies $ 175,397  $ —  $ —  $ 175,397 
Obligations of states and municipalities —  455,862  —  455,862 
Residential mortgage backed - agency —  41,990  —  41,990 
Residential mortgage backed - non-agency —  296,104  —  296,104 
Commercial mortgage backed - agency —  36,086  —  36,086 
Commercial mortgage backed - non-agency —  164,307  —  164,307 
Asset-backed —  74,479  —  74,479 
Other —  7,965  —  7,965 
Total investment securities available-for-sale $ 175,397  $ 1,076,793  $ —  $ 1,252,190 
Loans held-for-sale, at fair value $ —  $ 456  $ —  $ 456 
Derivatives $ —  $ 1,740  $ —  $ 1,740 
Financial liabilities
Derivatives $ —  $ 3,576  $ —  $ 3,576 
Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022 Using:
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Total
Financial assets
Investment Securities
U.S. Treasuries and government agencies $ 174,993  $ —  $ —  $ 174,993 
Obligations of states and municipalities —  453,907  —  453,907 
Residential mortgage backed - agency —  53,061  —  53,061 
Residential mortgage backed - non-agency —  339,295  —  339,295 
Commercial mortgage backed - agency —  59,933  —  59,933 
Commercial mortgage backed - non-agency —  183,299  —  183,299 
Asset-backed —  98,626  —  98,626 
Other —  8,643  —  8,643 
Total investment securities available-for-sale $ 174,993  $ 1,196,764  $ —  $ 1,371,757 
Loans held-for-sale, at fair value $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Derivatives $ —  $ 1,311  $ —  $ 1,311 
Financial liabilities
Derivatives $ —  $ 3,565  $ —  $ 3,565 
The following describes the valuation techniques used by the Company to measure certain assets recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis in the financial statements:
Individually evaluated loans
Upon the adoption of CECL, loans individually evaluated for credit expected losses included non-accrual loans and other loans that do not share similar risk characteristics to loans in the CECL loan pools and have been classified as Level 3. Individually evaluated loans with an allocation to the ACL are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred as provision for credit losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
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Note 11— Fair Value Measurements (continued)
Prior to adoption of CECL and ASU 2022-02, which eliminated the TDR accounting model, loans were designated as impaired when, in the judgment of management and based on current information and events, it was probable that all amounts due, according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement, would not be collected.
The measurement of loss associated with impaired loans can be based on either the observable market price of the loan, the present value of the expected future cash flows, or the fair value of the collateral. Generally, the fair value of impaired loans will be determined by the present value of the expected future cash flows or if collateral-dependent based on recent real estate appraisals. For collateral-dependent, the fair value is measured based on the value of the collateral securing the loans, less estimated costs of disposal. Collateral may be in the form of real estate or business assets, including equipment, inventory, and accounts receivable. The vast majority of the collateral is real estate. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches, including comparable sales and the income approach. Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred as provision for credit losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income and will result in a Level 3 fair value classification. Non-real estate collateral may be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business, resulting in a Level 3 fair value classification.
Other real estate owned
Assets acquired through foreclosure or other proceedings are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. These assets are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals, which are updated no less frequently than annually. Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred and expensed against current earnings.
Assets that were measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis during the period are summarized below (in thousands):
Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2023 Using:
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Total
Individually evaluated loans:
Commercial real estate $ —  $ —  $ 308  $ 308 
Owner-occupied commercial real estate —  —  1,354  1,354 
Acquisition, construction & development —  —  —  — 
Commercial & industrial —  —  —  — 
Single family residential —  —  2,221  2,221 
Consumer non-real estate and other —  —  —  — 
Other real estate owned —  —  —  — 
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Note 11— Fair Value Measurements (continued)
Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022 Using:
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Total
Individually evaluated loans:
Commercial real estate $ —  $ —  $ 290  $ 290 
Owner-occupied commercial real estate —  —  1,295  1,295 
Acquisition, construction & development —  —  —  — 
Commercial & industrial —  —  —  — 
Single family residential —  —  911  911 
Consumer non-real estate and other —  —  —  — 
Other real estate owned —  —  —  — 
The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements for assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022 (in thousands except for percentages):
Description Fair Value Valuation Techniques Unobservable Inputs Range Weighted Average
June 30, 2023
Impaired loans $ 3,883  Discounted cash flow analysis Market rate for borrower
3.6% - 8.5%
5.0%
December 31, 2022
Impaired loans $ 2,496  Discounted cash flow analysis Market rate for borrower
4.5% - 6.0%
5.2%
Fair value of financial instruments
The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments not carried at fair value, at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, were as follows (in thousands):
Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2023 Using:
Carrying Amount Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Total
Financial Assets
Cash and due from banks $ 9,047  $ 9,047  $ —  $ —  $ 9,047 
Interest-earning deposits with banks 71,752  71,752  —  —  71,752 
Loans, net 1,975,050  —  —  1,834,415  1,834,415 
Accrued interest 14,781  —  14,781  —  14,781 
Financial Liabilities
Non-interest-bearing $ 876,396  $ —  $ 876,396  $ —  $ 876,396 
Interest-bearing 2,128,867  —  2,119,927  —  2,119,927 
Other borrowed funds 249,000  —  248,997  —  248,997 
Accrued interest 3,832  —  3,832  —  3,832 
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Note 11— Fair Value Measurements (continued)
Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022 Using:
Carrying Amount Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Total
Financial Assets
Cash and due from banks $ 9,124  $ 9,124  $ —  $ —  $ 9,124 
Interest-bearing deposits with banks 41,171  41,171  —  —  41,171 
Loans, net 1,866,182  —  —  1,768,903  1,768,903 
Accrued interest 15,481  —  15,481  —  15,481 
Financial Liabilities
Non-interest-bearing $ 960,692  $ —  $ 960,692  $ —  $ 960,692 
Interest-bearing 1,959,708  —  1,951,227  —  1,951,227 
Other borrowed funds 343,100  —  342,904  —  342,904 
Accrued interest 1,452  —  1,452  —  1,452 
Note 12— Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following table presents changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component, net of tax, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022 (in thousands):
Three months ended June 30, 2023
Gains and Losses on Cash Flow Hedges Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available-for-Sale Securities Defined Benefit Pension Items Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Beginning Balance $ (1,255) $ (115,523) $ (7,031) $ (123,809)
Net unrealized gains (losses) (275) (5,254) —  (5,529)
Less: net realized (gains) losses reclassified to earnings 334  2,827  —  3,161 
Net change in pension plan benefits —  —  —  — 
Ending Balance $ (1,196) $ (117,950) $ (7,031) $ (126,177)
Three months ended June 30, 2022
Gains and Losses on Cash Flow Hedges Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available-for-Sale Securities Defined Benefit Pension Items Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Beginning Balance $ (562) $ (50,915) $ (6,020) $ (57,497)
Net unrealized gains (losses) (362) (46,277) —  (46,639)
Less: net realized (gains) losses reclassified to earnings (85) —  —  (85)
Net change in pension plan benefits —  —  —  — 
Ending Balance $ (1,009) $ (97,192) $ (6,020) $ (104,221)
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Note 12— Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (continued)
Six months ended June 30, 2023
Gains and Losses on Cash Flow Hedges Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available-for-Sale Securities Defined Benefit Pension Items Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Beginning Balance $ (1,589) $ (130,875) $ (7,031) $ (139,495)
Net unrealized gains (losses) (228) 11,964  —  11,736 
Less: net realized (gains) losses reclassified to earnings 621  961  —  1,582 
Net change in pension plan benefits —  —  —  — 
Ending Balance $ (1,196) $ (117,950) $ (7,031) $ (126,177)
Six months ended June 30, 2022
Gains and Losses on Cash Flow Hedges Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available-for-Sale Securities Defined Benefit Pension Items Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Beginning Balance $ —  $ 12,975  $ (6,020) $ 6,955 
Net unrealized gains (losses) (865) (110,085) —  (110,950)
Less: net realized (gains) losses reclassified to earnings (144) (82) —  (226)
Net change in pension plan benefits —  —  —  — 
Ending Balance $ (1,009) $ (97,192) $ (6,020) $ (104,221)
The following table presents amounts reclassified out of each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022 (in thousands).
Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Components Amount Reclassified From Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Affected Line Item in the Statements of Income
Three months ended Six months ended
June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022 June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022
Cash flow hedges:
Interest rate contracts $ (423) $ 108  $ (786) $ 182  Interest income
Tax effect 89  (23) 165  (38) Income tax expense (benefit)
Net of tax $ (334) $ 85  $ (621) $ 144 
Available-for-sale securities:
Realized gains (losses) on securities $ (111) $ —  $ (111) $ 104  Net gains/(losses) on securities
Realized gains (losses) on basis adjustment for fair value hedges (3,468) —  (1,106) —  Interest income
Tax effect 752  —  256  (22) Income tax expense (benefit)
Net of tax $ (2,827) $ —  $ (961) $ 82 
Total reclassifications, net of tax $ (3,161) $ 85  $ (1,582) $ 226  Net income
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Note 13— Other Operating Expense
Other operating expense from the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, is as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
FDIC assessment $ 686  $ 345  $ 1,033  $ 680 
Historic tax credit amortization 631  631  1,263  1,263 
IT related 466  504  957  916 
Consultant fees 508  298  978  510 
Network expense 483  418  912  812 
Directors' fees 434  792  844  1,037 
Audit expense 213  175  520  267 
Legal expense 328  412  633  587 
Virginia franchise tax 630  600  1,260  1,200 
Marketing expense 119  317  338  634 
Other 1,520  1,366  2,887  2,624 
Total $ 6,018  $ 5,858  $ 11,625  $ 10,530 
Note 14— Share-Based Compensation
The Company has a share-based incentive plan described below that allows it to offer a variety of equity compensation awards subject to approval. Total compensation cost that has been charged against income for the share-based awards granted was $607.2 thousand and $492.8 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, respectively. The total income tax benefit was $127.5 thousand and $103.5 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, respectively.
Total compensation cost that has been charged against income for the share-based awards granted was $1.2 million and $999 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, respectively. The total income tax benefit was $249.4 thousand and $209.8 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, respectively.
2019 Stock Incentive Plan
In 2019, the Company’s Stock Incentive Plan (“2019 SIP”) was approved by the Bank’s Board of Directors. The 2019 SIP provides for the issuance of share-based awards to directors and employees of the Company. The 2019 SIP authorized 240,000 units to be issued, and the Company has a practice of using shares held as treasury stock to satisfy these share-based awards. Each unit represents a contingent right to receive one common share or an equivalent amount of cash, or a combination of the two, at the discretion of the Company. Currently, we have a sufficient number of treasury shares to satisfy outstanding equity awards.
Under the 2019 SIP, the Company has issued restricted stock unit (“RSU”) awards that are both time-based and performance-based. Each RSU award will indicate the number of shares, the conditions (e.g., service, performance, and/or a combination), and the grant date. Compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period of the awards based on the fair value of the award at grant date. A total of 24,705 and 13,160 shares were issued during the six months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, respectively.
For time-based RSUs, the fair value was determined by using the closing stock price on the date prior to the grant date. These RSUs vest over three to five years.
The Board, from time-to-time, approves performance-based RSU awards that may be earned between a three to five year performance period. Whether units are earned at the end of the performance period will be determined based on the achievement of a market capitalization target over the performance period. If the condition is not achieved, the grant recipient will receive 50% of the units upon fulfilling the required service time. If the performance condition is achieved, the grant recipient will receive 100% of the units granted. The market capitalization target will be determined by the Board.
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Note 14— Share-Based Compensation (continued)

The fair value for performance-based RSU awards was determined by using a Monte Carlo simulation analysis to estimate the achievement of the market capitalization target determined by the Board. The Monte Carlo simulation analysis required the following inputs: (1) expected term, (2) expected volatility, (3) risk-free rate, and (4) dividend yield. The expected term was based on the stated performance period. Management used the expected volatility from a peer group. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve over the performance period. The dividend yield assumption was based on historical and anticipated dividend payouts.

The following is a summary of the Company’s RSU awards:
Non-vested Shares Shares Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Non-vested at December 31, 2022 122,440  $ 48.00 
Granted 24,705  67.81 
Vested (4,560) 54.07 
Forfeited —  — 
Non-vested at June 30, 2023 142,585  $ 51.24 
As of June 30, 2023, there was $4.1 million of total unrecognized compensation costs related to non-vested shares granted under the 2019 SIP. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.85 years.
2023 Stock Incentive Plan
In 2023, a new stock incentive plan (“2023 SIP”) was approved by the Board of directors and shareholders. Upon the plan’s shareholder approval date of March 30, 2023, no further share-based awards will be issued under the 2019 SIP. The plan provides for the issuance of share-based awards to directors and employees of the Company. The 2023 SIP authorized the issuance of 250,000 shares, subject to an annual increase in available shares. As of June 30, 2023, no share-based awards have been issued under the 2023 SIP.
Note 15— Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share excludes dilution and is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential impact of contingently issuable shares.
The following shows the weighted average number of shares used in computing earnings per share and the effect of weighted average number of shares dilutive potential Common Stock. Dilutive potential Common Stock has no effect on income available to common shareholders.
Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Net income (in thousands) $ 6,034  $ 10,397  $ 13,558  $ 19,523 
Weighted average number of shares 7,428,079  7,424,747  7,427,363  7,424,405 
Options effect of dilutive shares 86,876  31,339  82,468  29,570 
Weighted average dilutive shares 7,514,955  7,456,086  7,509,831  7,453,975 
Basic EPS $ 0.81  $ 1.40  $ 1.82  $ 2.63 
Diluted EPS 0.80  1.39  1.80  2.62 
Stock awards equivalent to zero and 890 shares of Common Stock were not considered in computing diluted earnings per common share for the three months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, respectively, because they were antidilutive. Stock awards equivalent to zero and zero shares of Common Stock were not considered in computing diluted earnings per share for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, respectively, because they were antidilutive.
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Item 2.     Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our consolidated financial condition and results of operations of the Company should be read in conjunction with the preceding consolidated financial statements and notes presented in Item 1. Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q, as well as with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes for the year ended December 31, 2022, included in our Registration Statement on Form 10 filed with the SEC on February 28, 2023, as amended on April 4, 2023, April 20, 2023, and April 21, 2023, and as declared as effective by the SEC on April 21, 2023 (the “Registration Statement”). Historical results of operations and the percentage relationships among any amounts included and any trends that may appear may not indicate trends in operations or results of operations for any future periods. We are a bank holding company, and we conduct all of our material business operations through the Bank. As a result, the discussion and analysis below primarily relate to activities conducted at the Bank.
Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Form 10-Q contains statements that we believe are, or may be considered to be, “forward-looking statements”. Forward-looking statements are neither historical facts nor assurances of future performance. Instead, they are based on current beliefs, expectations, or assumptions regarding the future of the business, future plans and strategies, operational results, and other future conditions of the Company. All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this Form 10-Q regarding the prospects of our industry or our prospects, plans, financial position, or business strategy may constitute forward-looking statements. In addition, forward-looking statements generally can be identified by the use of forward-looking words such as “plans,” “expects” or “does not expect,” “is expected,” “look forward to,” “budget,” “scheduled,” “estimates,” “forecasts,” “will continue,” “intends,” “the intent of,” “have the potential,” “anticipates,” “does not anticipate,” “believes,” “should,” “should not,” or variations of such words and phrases that indicate that certain actions, events, or results “may,” “could,” “would,” “might,” or “will,” “be taken,” “occur,” or “be achieved,” or the negative of these terms or variations of them or similar terms. Furthermore, forward-looking statements may be included in various filings that we make with the SEC or press releases or oral statements made by or with the approval of one of our authorized executive officers. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot assure you that these expectations will prove to be correct. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain known and unknown risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in these forward-looking statements.
By their very nature, forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties, both general and specific, and risks exist that predictions, forecasts, projections, and other forward-looking statements will not be achieved. We caution readers not to place undue reliance on these statements as a number of important factors could cause the actual results to differ materially from the beliefs, plans, objectives, expectations, anticipations, estimates, and intentions expressed in such forward-looking statements. Important risks, uncertainties, and other factors which may cause the actual results, performance, or achievements of the Company, as applicable, to be materially different from any expected future results, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking information and statements include, but are not limited to, the risks described in Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors in this Form 10-Q.
Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q, which reflect management’s opinions only as of the date hereof. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to revise or publicly release the results of any revision to any forward-looking statements. You are advised, however, to consult any additional disclosures we make in our reports to the SEC. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained in this Form 10-Q.
We have made, and will continue to make, various forward-looking statements with respect to financial and business matters. Comments regarding our business that are not historical facts are considered forward-looking statements that involve inherent risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those contained in these forward-looking statements.
Overview
Burke & Herbert Financial Services Corp. was organized as a Virginia corporation on September 14, 2022, to serve as the holding company for the Bank. The Company commenced operations as a bank holding company on October 1, 2022, following a reorganization transaction in which it became the Bank’s holding company. This transaction was treated as an internal reorganization as all shareholders of the Bank became shareholders of the Company. As a bank holding company, the Company is subject to regulation and supervision by the Federal Reserve. The Company has no material operations and owns 100% of the Bank.
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The Bank is a Virginia chartered commercial bank that commenced operations in 1852. The Bank is supervised and regulated by the FDIC and the Virginia BFI.
The Bank offers a full range of business and personal financial solutions designed to meet customers’ banking, borrowing, and investment needs and has over 20 branches throughout the Northern Virginia region and commercial loan offices in Fredericksburg, Loudoun County, and Richmond, Virginia, and in Bethesda, Maryland.
The Bank derives a significant portion of its income from interest received on loans and investments. The Bank’s primary source of funding is deposits, both interest-bearing and non-interest-bearing. In order to maximize the Bank’s net interest income, or the difference between the income on interest-earning assets and the expense of interest-bearing liabilities, the Bank must not only manage the volume of these balance sheet items, but also the yields earned on interest-earning assets and the rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities. To account for credit risk inherent in all loans, the Bank maintains an ACL to absorb expected credit losses on existing loans that may become uncollectible. The Bank establishes and maintains this ACL by charging a provision for credit losses against operating earnings. In order to maintain its operations and branch locations, the Bank incurs various operating expenses which are further described within the “Results of Operations” later in this section.
As of June 30, 2023, we had total consolidated assets of $3.6 billion, gross loans of $2.0 billion, total deposits of $3.0 billion, and total shareholders’ equity of $290.1 million. As of June 30, 2023, we had 407 full-time employees. None of our employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement.
Recent Events in the Financial Services Industry
In response to the bank failures that occurred during March and May 2023 and the attendant stress on economic agents, including various financial stock markets, the Company took multiple proactive measures to mitigate any potential financial and operational impacts. Such measures included, but were not limited to:
•dissemination of internal communication to inform the Board and employees of current events and the Company’s condition and desired market response;
•testing of available liquidity sources;
•real-time analysis of our deposit composition and deposit concentrations;
•assessment of our investment securities portfolio; and
•stress testing of liquidity and capital metrics based on observed financial conditions with particular emphasis on the causes of such risk events.
For further discussion see Item 1A, under the caption “Risk Factors” in our Registration Statement. The measures taken followed meetings convened by a subcommittee provided for in our Asset/Liability policy more fully described in Item 3.- Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk – Market Risk.
The Company’s key inputs and certain assumptions of the stress testing included, but were not limited to, uninsured deposits, deposit composition and deposit flows, borrowings and borrowing capacity, interest rate movements and sensitivity, unrealized losses in the investment securities portfolio, loan balances and loan demand, credit risks, and current allowances for credit losses. Results of the stress tests indicated capital levels that remained above the well-capitalized regulatory ratios and liquidity metrics remained within internal policy guidelines. For additional information related to capital, see Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Note 8. Regulatory Capital Matters. The Company intends to continue conducting such stress tests on an interim basis.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our accounting and reporting policies are in accordance with GAAP and follow accounting and reporting guidelines prescribed by bank regulatory and general practices within the financial services industry. Our financial position and results of operations are affected by management’s application of accounting policies, including estimates, assumptions, and judgements that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates, assumptions, and judgments affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes and are based on information available as of the date of the financial statements, and, as this information changes, actual results could differ from the estimates, assumptions, and judgments reflected in the financial statements. In particular, management has identified several accounting policies that, due to the estimates, assumptions, and judgments inherent in those policies, are critical in understanding our financial statements. The more critical accounting estimates include accounting for credit losses and valuation methodologies.
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Additional disclosures regarding the effects of new pronouncements, ASU 2016-13 and ASU 2022-02, are included in this report in Note 1, Nature of Business Activities and Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements under Part 1, Item 1, “Financial Information.”
Liquidity Management
Liquidity is the ability of the Company to convert assets into cash or cash equivalents without significant loss and to raise additional funds by increasing liabilities. Liquidity management involves maintaining the Company’s ability to meet the day-to-day cash flow requirements of its customers, whether they are depositors wishing to withdraw funds or borrowers requiring funds to meet their credit needs. Without proper liquidity management, the Company would not be able to perform the primary function of a financial intermediary and would, therefore, not be able to meet the needs of the communities it serves.
The Company assesses the need for liquidity in a variety of scenarios. Those scenarios may include projected growth, credit deterioration, deposit decay, interest rate changes, and a variety of other economic scenarios that can impact the liquidity position of the Company. These analyses are performed on a quarterly basis in conjunction with the Company’s Asset/Liability meetings, and findings are reported to the Asset/Liability Committee (the “ALCO”) and to the Board. From time to time, management may change the frequency of such testing or update certain inputs as a result of abnormal market conditions.
Findings as a result of the Company’s prudent liquidity modeling may result in the change of certain products offered to customers or adjust the way the Company manages its balance sheet. Such changes could include adjusting interest rates offered on certain deposit products, changes to interest rates charged in lending activities, or the suspension of certain products and activities altogether. Times of significant economic stress may cause the mix of funding to shift and increase the likelihood of changes to certain products in order to manage the Company’s overall liquidity and capital position.
The asset portion of the balance sheet provides liquidity primarily through unencumbered securities available-for-sale, loan principal and interest payments, maturities and prepayments of investment securities, and, to a lesser extent, sales of investment securities available-for-sale. Other short-term investments available to the Company that could act as potential sources of liquidity are federal funds sold, securities purchased under agreements to resell, and maturing interest-bearing deposits with other banks.
The liability portion of the balance sheet provides liquidity through interest-bearing and non-interest-bearing deposit accounts and through FHLB and other borrowings. Brokered deposits, federal funds purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and other short-term borrowings are additional sources of liquidity and basically represent the Company’s incremental borrowing capacity. These sources of liquidity are used as necessary to fund asset growth and meet short-term liquidity needs.
In addition to the Company’s financial performance and condition, liquidity may be impacted by the Company’s structure as a bank holding company that is a separate legal entity from the Bank. The Company requires cash for various operating needs that could include payment of dividends to its shareholders, the servicing of debt, and the payment of general corporate expenses. The primary source of liquidity for the Company is dividends paid by the Bank. Applicable federal and state statutes and regulations impose restrictions on the amount of dividends that may be paid by the Bank. In addition to the formal statutes and regulations, regulatory authorities also consider the adequacy of the Bank’s total capital in relation to its assets, deposits, and other such items. Any future dividends must be set forth in the Company’s capital plans before any dividends can be paid.
Management believes that the current sources of liquidity are adequate to meet the Company’s requirements and plans for continued growth. See Note 6 - Advances and Other Borrowings and Note 10 - Commitments and Contingencies, in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding outstanding balances of sources of liquidity and contractual commitments and obligations.
Capital
The Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In July 2013, the Federal Reserve published the final rules that established a new comprehensive capital framework for banking organizations, commonly referred to as Basel III. These final rules substantially revised the risk-based capital requirements applicable to bank holding companies and depository institutions.
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The final rule became effective January 1, 2015, for smaller, non-complex banking organizations with full implementation by January 1, 2019.
The Basel III Capital Rules require the Holding Company and the Bank to maintain minimum Common Equity Tier 1 (“CET 1”), Tier 1, and Total Capital ratios, along with a capital conservation buffer, effectively resulting in new minimum capital ratios. The capital conservation buffer is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. Banking institutions with a ratio of CET 1 capital to risk-weighted assets above the minimum but below the conservation buffer (or below the combined capital conservation buffer and counter-cyclical capital buffer, when the latter is applied) will face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases, and compensation based on the amount of the shortfall. The Basel III Capital Rules also provide for a “counter-cyclical capital buffer” that is applicable to only certain covered institutions and does not have any current applicability to the Holding Company or the Bank.
Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for “prompt corrective action”, the Holding Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.
Additionally, federal banking laws require regulatory authorities to take “prompt corrective action” with respect to depository institutions that do not satisfy minimum capital requirements. The extent of these powers depends upon whether the institution in question is “well capitalized”, “adequately capitalized”, “undercapitalized”, “significantly undercapitalized”, or “critically undercapitalized”, as such terms are defined under federal banking agency regulations. Depository institutions that do not meet minimum capital requirements will face constraints on payment of dividends, equity repurchases, and compensation based on the amount of shortfall. A depository institution that is not “well capitalized” is generally prohibited from accepting brokered deposits and offering interest rates on deposits higher than the prevailing rate in its market, may be subject to asset growth limitations, and may be required to submit capital restoration plans.
As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the Bank complied with all regulatory capital standards and qualifies as “well capitalized”. Note 8 - Regulatory Capital Matters in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contains additional discussion and analysis regarding the Company and the Bank’s regulatory capital requirements.
Effects of Inflation
The majority of assets and liabilities of a financial institution are monetary in nature; therefore, a financial institution differs greatly from most commercial and industrial companies, which have significant investments in fixed assets or inventories that are greatly impacted by inflation. However, inflation does have an important impact on the growth of total assets in the banking industry and the resulting need to increase equity capital at higher than normal rates in order to maintain an appropriate equity-to-assets ratio. Inflation also affects other expenses that tend to rise during periods of general inflation.
Management believes the most significant potential impact of inflation on financial results is a direct result of the Company’s ability to manage the impact of changes in interest rates. Management attempts to maintain a balanced position between rate-sensitive assets and liabilities over an economic cycle in order to minimize the impact of interest rate fluctuations on net interest income. However, this goal can be difficult to completely achieve in times of rapidly changing interest rates and is one of many factors considered in determining the Company’s interest rate positioning.
Key Factors Affecting Financial Performance
We face a variety of risks that may impact various aspects of our financial performance from time to time. The extent of such impacts may vary depending on factors such as the current business and economic conditions, political and regulatory environment, and operational challenges. Many of these risks and our risk management strategies are described in more detail elsewhere in this Report as well as with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes for the year ended December 31, 2022, included in our Registration Statement.
Our success will depend upon, among other things, the following factors that we manage or control:
•Effectively managing capital and liquidity, including:
•Continuing to maintain and, over time, grow our deposit base as a low-cost stable funding source,
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•Prudent liquidity and capital management to meet evolving regulatory capital, capital planning, stress testing, and liquidity standards, and
•Actions we take within the capital and other financial markets,
•Our ability to manage any material costs related to the execution of our strategic priorities, including increased employees, infrastructure, compliance, and other costs in a profitable manner over the long term,
•Management of credit risk and interest rate risk in our portfolio,
•Our ability to manage and implement strategic business objectives within the changing regulatory environment,
•The impact of legal and regulatory-related contingencies,
•The appropriateness of critical accounting estimates and related contingencies,
•Our ability to manage operational risks related to new products and services, changes in processes and procedures, or the implementation of new technology,
•The ability to make investments to promote compliance with existing and evolving regulatory requirements that will increase as the Company grows and will result in increased administrative expenses that we did not previously incur, which costs may materially increase our general and administrative expenses, and
•The ability to execute our strategic objectives while satisfying the obligations associated with being a public company that will require significant resources and management attention and may divert management’s attention from our business operations.
Our financial performance is also substantially affected by a number of external factors outside of our control, including the following:
•Economic conditions, including the length and extent of the economic impacts of a pandemic, and the actions taken to mitigate and manage it,
•The effect of climate change on our business and performance, including indirectly through impacts on our customers,
•The actions by the Federal Reserve, U.S. Treasury, and other government agencies, including those that impact money supply and market interest rates and inflation,
•The level of, and direction, timing, and magnitude of movement in interest rates and the shape of the interest rate yield curve,
•The functioning and other performance of, and availability of liquidity in U.S. and global financial markets, including capital markets,
•The impact of tariffs and other trade policies of the U.S. and its global trading partners,
•Changes in the competitive landscape,
•Impacts of changes in federal, state, and local governmental policy, including on the regulatory landscape, capital markets, taxes, infrastructure spending, and social programs,
•The impact of market credit spreads on asset valuations,
•The ability of customers, counterparties, and issuers to perform in accordance with contractual terms, and the resulting impact on our asset quality,
•Loan demand, utilization of credit commitments, and standby letters of credit, and
•The impact on customers and changes in customer behavior due to changing business and economic conditions or regulatory or legislative initiatives.
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The impact of these items, where material, is discussed in the applicable sections of this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation. For additional information on the risks we face, see Part II, Item 1A. - Risk Factors.

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Selected Financial Data
The following table contains selected historical consolidated financial data as of the dates and for the periods shown. The selected balance sheet data as of June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, and the selected income statement data for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, have been derived from our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q and should be read in conjunction with the other information contained in this Form 10-Q.
As of the Three Months Ended June 30, As of the Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands, except ratios, share and per share data) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Selected Financial Condition Data:
Total assets $ 3,569,226  $ 3,585,822  $ 3,569,226  $ 3,585,822 
Total cash and cash equivalents 80,799  92,815  80,799  92,815 
Total investment securities, at fair value 1,252,190  1,515,974  1,252,190  1,515,974 
Net loans 1,975,050  1,725,146  1,975,050  1,725,146 
Company-owned life insurance 93,625  92,147  93,625  92,147 
Premises and equipment, net 56,183  36,093  56,183  36,093 
Total deposits 3,005,263  2,960,423  3,005,263  2,960,423 
Advances and other borrowings 249,000  310,000  249,000  310,000 
Total shareholders’ equity 290,072  291,138  290,072  291,138 
As of or for the Three Months Ended June 30,
As of or for the Six Months Ended June 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Selected Operating Data:
Interest income $ 37,116  $ 26,542  $ 71,444  $ 50,794 
Interest expense 13,324  911  22,878  1,692 
Net interest income 23,792  25,631  48,566  49,102 
Provision for (recapture of) credit losses 214  (2,538) 729  (5,176)
Total non-interest income 4,625  4,496  8,839  8,611 
Total non-interest expenses 21,348  20,368  41,713  39,533 
Income before income taxes 6,855  12,297  14,963  23,356 
Income tax expense 821  1,900  1,405  3,833 
Net income 6,034  10,397  13,558  19,523 
Per Share Data:
Average shares of Common Stock outstanding, basic 7,428,079  7,424,747  7,427,363  7,424,405 
Average shares of Common Stock outstanding, diluted 7,514,955  7,456,086  7,509,831  7,453,975 
Total shares of Common Stock outstanding 7,428,710  7,425,760  7,428,710  7,425,760 
Basic net income per share $ 0.81  $ 1.40  $ 1.82  $ 2.63 
Diluted net income per share 0.80  1.39  1.80  2.62 
Dividends declared per share 0.53  0.53  1.06  1.06 
Dividend payout ratio (1)
66.25  % 38.13  % 58.89  % 40.46  %
Book value (at period end) $ 39.05  $ 39.21  $ 39.05  $ 39.21 

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As of or for the Three Months Ended June 30,
As of or for the Six Months Ended June 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Performance Ratios:
Return on average assets 0.67  % 1.17  % 0.76  % 1.10  %
Return on average equity 8.34  13.48  9.56  11.54 
Interest rate spread (2)
2.25  3.10  2.41  2.97 
Net interest margin (3)
2.87  3.15  2.96  3.02 
Efficiency ratio (4)
75.12  67.61  72.66  68.50 
Capital Ratios:
Common equity tier 1 (CET 1) capital to risk-weighted assets (5)
17.60  % 18.09  % 17.60  % 18.09  %
Total risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets (5)
18.71  19.16  18.71  19.16 
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets (5)
17.60  18.09  17.60  18.09 
Tier 1 capital to average assets (5)
11.20  10.94  11.20  10.94 
Average equity to average assets (5)
8.01  8.69  7.93  9.55 
Asset Quality Ratios:
Allowance coverage ratio 1.30  % 1.34  % 1.30  % 1.34  %
Allowance for credit losses as a percentage of non-performing loans 886.73  91.49  886.73  91.49 
Net charge-offs to average outstanding loans during the period 0.00  0.18  0.00  0.18 
Non-performing loans as a percentage of total loans 0.15  —  0.15  — 
Non-performing assets as a percentage of total assets 81.89  0.71  81.89  0.71 
Other Data:
Number of full-service branches 23 24 23 24
Number of full-time equivalent employees 407 399 407 399
(1) Dividend payout ratio represents per share dividends declared divided by diluted earnings per share.
(2) The interest rate spread represents the difference between the fully taxable equivalent weighted-average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted-average cost of interest-bearing liabilities for the period.
(3) The net interest margin represents fully taxable-equivalent net interest income as a percent of average interest-earning assets for the period.
(4) The efficiency ratio represents non-interest expense as a percentage of the sum of net interest income and non-interest income.
(5) Capital ratios are for Burke & Herbert Financial Services Corp. for 2023 and Burke & Herbert Bank & Trust Company for 2022.
Results of Operations
Results of Operations for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023, and 2022
General
Consolidated net income for the six months ended June 30, 2023, was $13.6 million compared to $19.5 million earned during the six months ended June 30, 2022. The $6.0 million, or 30.6%, decrease in net income is primarily the result of a large recapture of provision expense in the first half of 2022.
Net interest income decreased by $0.5 million to $48.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $49.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The main driver for this decrease was higher deposit and borrowing interest expense, partially offset by higher interest income due to balance sheet growth in loans.
For the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded credit loss expense of $0.7 million compared to a recapture of provision of $5.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company was able to recapture a provision that was booked to reflect the uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic and the sale of a non-performing loan note. This non-performing loan had a specific reserve prior to the sale of the note. For the current period, the adoption of CECL (which requires the Company to estimate provision of credit losses using an expected life-time loss approach versus an incurred model), along with increased loan portfolio balances resulted in a higher credit expense for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the six months ended, June 30, 2022.
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Non-interest income increased by $0.2 million, or 2.6%, to $8.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $8.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase in non-interest income was primarily due to increases in other non-interest income, including dividend income from FHLB stock that increased by $258 thousand and income from loan swap fees of $342 thousand, which were offset by a decrease in other non-interest income items of $138 thousand and a lower servicing release premium of $31 thousand in the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022.
Non-interest expense increased by $2.2 million, or 5.5%, to $41.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $39.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to higher salaries and employee benefits and higher legal, consulting, and audit fees arising from the filing of our initial Registration Statement and our other required filings.
Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin
Net interest income is the principal component of the Company’s income stream and represents the difference, or spread, between interest and fee income generated from earning assets and the interest expense paid on deposits and borrowed funds. Net interest margin, stated as a percentage, is the yield obtained by dividing the difference between interest income generated on earning assets and the interest expense paid on all funding sources by average earning assets.
Fluctuations in interest rates as well as changes in the volume and mix of earnings assets and interest-bearing liabilities can impact net interest income and net interest margin. Management closely monitors both total net interest income and the net interest margin and seeks to maximize net interest income without exposing the Company to an excessive level of interest rate risk through our asset and liability policies. Interest rate risk is managed by monitoring the pricing, maturity and repricing options of all classes of interest-bearing assets and liabilities.
Net interest income totaled $48.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $49.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease in net interest income was primarily driven primarily by higher interest rates and slightly higher average balances on interest-bearing liabilities, mostly offset by higher interest rates on interest-earning assets. A significant increase in cost of funds for both interest-bearing deposits and borrowed funds was the primary driver of the increase in interest expense. This increase in interest expense was mostly offset by a substantial increase in interest income from securities and loans along with an increase in the volume of loans. However, the increased pace of rate hikes from the Federal Reserve has resulted in higher deposit rates to retain depositors and increased the cost of borrowings from the FHLB and the Federal Reserve.
The tax-adjusted net interest margin was 2.96% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to 3.02% for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease in tax-adjusted net interest margin was primarily driven by the increase in market rates that increased the cost of deposits and other borrowings in excess of the increase in interest income from interest-earning assets.
The yield for the loan portfolio was 4.94% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to 3.89% for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily the result of increasing loan production with higher interest rates in a rising rate environment.
The tax-adjusted yield on the total investment securities portfolio was 3.45% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to 2.35% for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to higher market interest rates that increased the effective rate earned on investment securities and reduced the fair value of these investment securities.
The rate paid on interest-bearing deposits increased to 1.50% during the six months ended June 30, 2023, from 0.08% during the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was a result of market and economic conditions, which led to an increase in our offering rate for selected parts of our deposit portfolio. Increases in deposit rates rose at a faster pace due to the increases in the Federal Funds Rate that occurred in the second half of 2022. Continuing increases by the Federal Reserve and in the market rates may negatively impact our cost of funds rate.
The rate paid on our borrowings for the six months ended June 30, 2023, was 4.66%, compared to 0.71% for the corresponding period in 2022. The increase was due to the increase in short-term borrowing costs, driven by increases in the Federal Funds Rate during the year. Further increases in the Federal Funds Rate may continue to increase our overall borrowing costs.
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The following table sets forth the major components of net interest income and the related yields and rates for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, for comparison (dollars in thousands).
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2023 2022
Average Outstanding Balance Interest Income/Expense Rate Earned/Paid Average Outstanding Balance Interest Income/Expense Rate Earned/Paid
Assets:
Loans, gross (1)(2)
$ 1,961,309  $ 48,060  4.94  % $ 1,755,586  $ 33,868  3.89  %
Interest-earning deposits and fed funds sold 59,107  1,296  4.42  54,189  106  0.39 
Taxable securities 1,065,868  19,221  3.64  1,169,064  11,930  2.06 
Tax-exempt securities (3)
269,575  3,629  2.71  384,387  6,190  3.25 
Total securities 1,335,443  22,850  3.45  1,553,451  18,120  2.35 
Total interest-earning assets 3,355,859  72,206  4.34  3,363,226  52,094  3.12 
Non-interest-earning assets 250,483  210,966 
Total assets $ 3,606,342  $ 3,574,192 
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity:
Deposits:
Non-interest-bearing demand $ 901,297  $ 956,026 
Interest-bearing demand 563,405  763  0.27  % 596,217  69  0.02  %
Savings 998,826  6,872  1.39  1,124,898  386  0.07 
Time 510,912  7,796  3.08  273,617  314  0.23 
Total interest-bearing deposits 2,073,143  15,431  1.50  1,994,732  769  0.08 
Total deposits 2,974,440  15,431  1.05  2,950,758  769  0.05 
Borrowings:
FHLB advances and other 322,157  7,447  4.66  261,788  923  0.71 
Total interest-bearing liabilities 2,395,300  22,878  1.93  2,256,520  1,692  0.15 
Non-interest-bearing liabilities 23,749  20,401 
Equity 285,996  341,245 
Total liabilities and equity $ 3,606,342  $ 3,574,192 
Taxable-equivalent net interest income /net interest spread (4)
49,328  2.41  % 50,402  2.97  %
Taxable-equivalent net interest margin (5)
2.96  % 3.02  %
Taxable-equivalent net adjustment (762) (1,300)
Net interest income $ 48,566  $ 49,102 
Net interest-earning assets $ 960,559  $ 1,106,706 
(1)Non-accrual loans are included in average loan balances.
(2)Loan fees are included in the calculation of interest income.
(3)Yields and interest income on tax-exempt assets are computed on a taxable-equivalent basis assuming a 21% tax rate.
(4)The interest rate spread represents the difference between the fully taxable-equivalent weighted-average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted-average cost of interest-bearing liabilities for the period.
(5)The net interest margin represents fully taxable-equivalent net interest income as a percent of average interest-earning assets for the period.
Taxable-equivalent net interest margin, as presented above, is calculated by dividing fully tax-equivalent (“FTE”) net interest income by total average earning assets. Net interest income, on an FTE basis, is a non-GAAP financial measure that the Company believes to provide a more accurate picture of the interest margin for comparative purposes.
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Management believes FTE net interest income is a standard practice in the banking industry, and when net interest income is adjusted on a FTE basis, yields on taxable, nontaxable, and partially taxable assets are comparable; however, the adjustment to a FTE basis has no impact on net income. FTE net interest income is calculated by adding the tax benefit on certain financial interest earning assets, whose interest is tax-exempt, to total interest income and then subtracting total interest expense. As a non-GAAP measure, FTE net interest income should not be considered as a substitute for the nearest comparable GAAP measure, net interest income. Net interest income shown elsewhere in this presentation is GAAP net interest income. The following table reconciles GAAP net interest income to FTE net interest income (in thousands).

Six Months Ended
June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022
GAAP Financial Measurements
Interest Income - Loans $ 48,060  $ 33,868 
Interest Income - Securities taxable 19,221  11,930 
Interest Income - Securities tax-exempt 2,867  4,890 
Interest Income - Other interest income 1,296  106 
Interest Expense - Deposits 15,431  769 
Interest Expense - Borrowed funds 7,417  892 
Interest Expense - Other 30  31 
Total Net Interest Income $ 48,566  $ 49,102 
Non-GAAP Financial Measurements
Add: Tax Benefit on Tax-Exempt Interest Income - Securities $ 762  $ 1,300 
Total Tax Benefit on Tax-Exempt Interest Income (1)
762  1,300 
Tax-Equivalent Net Interest Income $ 49,328  $ 50,402 
(1)Tax benefit was calculated using the federal statutory tax rate of 21%.
Rate/Volume Analysis
The following table sets forth the dollar difference in interest earned and paid for each major category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities for the noted periods and the amount of such change attributable to changes in average balances (volume) or changes in average interest rates. Interest income and interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, are annualized using an actual days over calendar year method. The volume variances are equal to the increase or decrease in average balance multiplied by current period rates, and rate variances are equal to the increase or decrease in rate times prior period average balances. Variances attributable to both rate and volume changes are calculated by multiplying the change in rate by the change in average balance and are allocated to the volume variance. See table below (in thousands).
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Six Months Ended June 30, 2023, compared to June 30, 2022
Dollar Increase (Decrease) Due to Change in:
Average Volume Average
Rate
Net
Change
Income from the interest-earning assets:
Loans, gross $ 9,995  $ 18,621  $ 28,616 
Securities (1)
(7,522) 17,063  9,541 
Interest-bearing deposits and fed funds sold 217  2,183  2,400 
Total interest income on interest-earning assets 2,690  37,867  40,557 
Expense from the interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing demand deposits (90) 1,489  1,399 
Savings deposits (1,749) 14,827  13,078 
Time deposits 7,957  7,132  15,089 
Total interest expense on interest-bearing deposits 6,118  23,448  29,566 
Borrowings 2,814  10,341  13,155 
Total interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities 8,932  33,789  42,721 
Taxable-equivalent net interest income
$ (6,242) $ 4,078  $ (2,164)
(1)Yields and interest income on tax-exempt securities have been computed on a taxable-equivalent basis.
Interest Income
Total interest income was $71.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $50.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, an increase of 40.7%. The increase in interest income was primarily driven by an increase in both rates and volume for the loan portfolio along with increasing rates for the securities portfolio. Interest income on loans and securities increased by $14.2 million and $5.3 million, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022.
Interest Expense
Total interest expense was $22.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $1.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase in interest expense was primarily driven by increasing rates for both interest-bearing deposits and borrowed funds and by a lesser extent from balance increases in both deposits and borrowed funds. Interest expense on interest-bearing deposits and borrowed funds increased by $14.7 million and $6.5 million, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022.
Provision for (Recapture of) Credit Losses
The provision for credit losses was $0.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to a recapture of $5.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increased provision expense was partly due to the Company estimating credit losses using an expected life-time loss model versus an incurred model but primarily the result of a large recapture in 2022. The provision recapture, in 2022, was as a result of removing COVID-19 qualitative factors and the sale of a non-performing loan note. Proceeds obtained for this non-performing loan note were greater than the net of the loan note’s carrying value and specific reserve. Additionally, loan balances have risen significantly for the six months ended June 30, 2023, versus the six months ended June 30, 2022. See Note 4 - Allowance for Credit Losses in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
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Non-interest Income
The following table sets forth the various components of our non-interest income for the periods indicated (in thousands):
Six Months Ended June 30, Increase (Decrease)
2023 2022 Amount Percent
Fiduciary and wealth management $ 2,642  $ 2,667  $ (25) (0.9) %
Service charges and fees 3,376  3,394  (18) (0.5)
Net gains (losses) on securities (111) 104  (215) (206.7)
Income from company-owned life insurance 1,131  1,079  52  4.8 
Other non-interest income 1,801  1,367  434  31.7 
Total $ 8,839  $ 8,611  $ 228  2.6  %
Non-interest income increased 2.6% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily driven by an increase in other non-interest income of $434 thousand when compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. This increase was due to an increase of $258 thousand in dividends from the FHLB and an increase of $342 thousand from customer swap fees. The increase was partially offset by the sale of securities which resulted in a loss for the six months ended as of June 30, 2023 resulting in a decrease of $215 thousand when compared to the prior year.
Non-interest Expense
The following table sets forth the various components of our non-interest expense for the periods indicated (in thousands):
Six Months Ended June 30, Increase (Decrease)
2023 2022 Amount Percent
Salaries and wages $ 19,416  $ 19,146  $ 270  1.4  %
Pensions and other employee benefits 4,874  3,940  934  23.7 
Occupancy 3,002  3,155  (153) (4.8)
Equipment rentals, depreciation and maintenance 2,796  2,762  34  1.2 
Other 11,625  10,530  1,095  10.4 
Total $ 41,713  $ 39,533  $ 2,180  5.5  %
Non-interest expense increased 5.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to June 30, 2022. The main drivers for this increase included pensions and other employee benefits which increased by $934.0 thousand primarily due to increases in the costs of employee benefit plans and an increase of $1.1 million in other non-interest expense. The increase was partially offset by a decrease in occupancy of $153 thousand. Additionally, the Company incurred legal and consulting expenses associated with filing its Registration Statement and other required SEC filings that increased the total non-interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2023. See Note 13 — Other Operating Expenses in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on “Other” non-interest expense.
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense was $1.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, a decrease of $2.4 million from the tax provision for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease was due to the decrease in net income for the six months ended June 30, 2023, when compared to the prior year. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, our effective tax rates were 9.4% and 16.4%, respectively.
Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2023, and 2022
General
Consolidated net income for the three months ended June 30, 2023, was $6.0 million, compared to $10.4 million earned during the three months ended June 30, 2022. The $4.4 million, or 42.0%, decrease in net income is primarily due to increased funding costs and the change in provision for credit losses that included a recapture of credit losses in the prior year quarter.
Net interest income decreased by $1.8 million to $23.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $25.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The main driver for this decrease was higher funding costs on both our deposits and borrowings, which was partially offset by an increase in interest income due to both loan growth and higher yielding rates.
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For the three months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded credit loss expense of $0.2 million compared to a recapture of provision losses of $2.5 million. For the three months ended June 30, 2022, the Company was able to recapture provision that was booked to reflect the uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic and the sale of a non-performing loan note. This non-performing loan had a specific reserve prior to the sale of the note. For the current period, the increased loan growth and the adoption of CECL, which requires the Company to estimate provision of credit losses using an expected life-time loss approach versus an incurred model, resulted in a higher credit expense for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the three months ended, June 30, 2022.
Non-interest income increased by $129 thousand, or 2.9%, to $4.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $4.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The increase in non-interest income was primarily due to dividend income from FHLB stock that increased by $156 thousand in the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to June 30, 2022.
Non-interest expense increased by $1.0 million, or 4.8%, to $21.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $20.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to increases in personnel related expenses such as salary, pensions, and other employee benefits. In addition, the Company incurred additional fees related to entering into interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges and higher legal and audit fees arising from the filing of our initial Registration Statement and other required filings.
Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin
Net interest income is the principal component of the Company’s income stream and represents the difference, or spread, between interest and fee income generated from earning assets and the interest expense paid on deposits and borrowed funds. Net interest margin, stated as a percentage, is the yield obtained by dividing the difference between interest income generated on earning assets and the interest expense paid on all funding sources by average earning assets.
Fluctuations in interest rates as well as changes in the volume and mix of earnings assets and interest-bearing liabilities can impact net interest income and net interest margin. Management closely monitors both total net interest income and the net interest margin and seeks to maximize net interest income without exposing the Company to an excessive level of interest rate risk through our asset and liability policies. Interest rate risk is managed by monitoring the pricing, maturity and repricing options of all classes of interest-bearing assets and liabilities.
Net interest income totaled $23.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $25.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease in net interest income was primarily driven by both higher interest rates and higher volume of interest-bearing liabilities. The impact of higher rates on interest-bearing liabilities was partially offset by the increase in volume and rates of interest-earning assets. However, the increased pace of rate hikes from the Federal Reserve has resulted in higher deposit rates to retain depositors and increased the cost of borrowings from the FHLB and the Federal Reserve.
The tax-adjusted net interest margin was 2.87% for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to 3.15% for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease in tax-adjusted net interest margin was primarily driven by the increase in market rates that increased the cost of deposit and other borrowings in excess of the increase in the interest income from interest-earning assets.
The yield for the loan portfolio was 5.07% for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to 3.98% for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily the result of increasing loan production with higher interest rates in a rising rate environment.
The tax-adjusted yield on the total investment securities portfolio was 3.45% for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to 2.53% for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to higher market interest rates that increased the effective rate earned by reducing the fair value of the average outstanding balance of the investment securities.
The rate paid on interest-bearing deposits increased to 1.88% during the three months ended June 30, 2023, from 0.07% during the three months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was a result of market and economic conditions, which led to an increase in our offering rate for selected parts of our deposit portfolio. Increases in deposit rates rose at a faster pace due to the increases in the Federal Funds Rate that continued in the second half of 2022. Additional increases by the Federal Reserve and in the market rates may negatively impact our cost of funds rate.
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The rate paid on our borrowings for the three months ended June 30, 2023, was 4.61%, compared to 0.82% for the corresponding period in 2022. The increase was due to the increase in short-term borrowing costs, driven by increases in the Federal Funds Rate during the year. Further increases in the Federal Funds Rate may continue to increase our overall borrowing costs.
The following table sets forth the major components of net interest income and the related yields and rates for the three months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, for comparison (dollars in thousands).
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
2023 2022
Average Outstanding Balance Interest Income/Expense Rate Earned/Paid Average Outstanding Balance Interest Income/Expense Rate Earned/Paid
Assets:
Loans, gross (1)(2)
$ 2,002,482  $ 25,300  5.07  % $ 1,754,723  $ 17,418  3.98  %
Interest-earning deposits and fed funds sold 74,074  988  5.35  50,548  88  0.70 
Taxable securities 1,036,576  9,418  3.64  1,148,507  6,572  2.30 
Tax-exempt securities (3)
266,402  1,784  2.69  388,267  3,119  3.22 
Total securities 1,302,978  11,202  3.45  1,536,774  9,691  2.53 
Total interest-earning assets 3,379,534  37,490  4.45  3,342,045  27,197  3.26 
Non-interest-earning assets 243,498  220,391 
Total assets $ 3,623,032  $ 3,562,436 
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity:
Deposits:
Non-interest-bearing demand $ 879,794  $ 977,694 
Interest-bearing demand 554,364  564  0.41  % 591,391  36  0.02  %
Savings 979,020  4,199  1.72  1,129,537  193  0.07 
Time 608,949  5,266  3.47  268,042  139  0.21 
Total interest-bearing deposits 2,142,333  10,029  1.88  1,988,970  368  0.07 
Total deposits 3,022,127  10,029  1.33  2,966,664  368  0.05 
Borrowings:
FHLB advances and other 286,584  3,294  4.61  266,473  543  0.82 
Total interest-bearing liabilities 2,428,917  13,323  2.20  2,255,443  911  0.16 
Non-interest-bearing liabilities 24,036  19,875 
Equity 290,285  309,424 
Total liabilities and equity $ 3,623,032  $ 3,562,436 
Taxable-equivalent net interest income /net interest spread (4)
24,167  2.25  % 26,286  3.10  %
Taxable-equivalent net interest margin (5)
2.87  % 3.15  %
Taxable-equivalent net adjustment (375) (655)
Net interest income $ 23,792  $ 25,631 
Net interest-earning assets $ 950,617  $ 1,086,602 
(1)Non-accrual loans are included in average loan balances.
(2)Loan fees are included in the calculation of interest income.
(3)Yields and interest income on tax-exempt assets are computed on a taxable-equivalent basis assuming a 21% tax rate.
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(4)The interest rate spread represents the difference between the fully taxable-equivalent weighted-average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted-average cost of interest-bearing liabilities for the period.
(5)The net interest margin represents fully taxable-equivalent net interest income as a percent of average interest-earning assets for the period.
Taxable-equivalent net interest margin, as presented above, is calculated by dividing FTE net interest income by total average earning assets. Net interest income, on an FTE basis, is a non-GAAP financial measure that the Company believes to provide a more accurate picture of the interest margin for comparative purposes. Management believes FTE net interest income is a standard practice in the banking industry, and when net interest income is adjusted on a FTE basis, yields on taxable, nontaxable, and partially taxable assets are comparable; however, the adjustment to a FTE basis has no impact on net income. FTE net interest income is calculated by adding the tax benefit on certain financial interest earning assets, whose interest is tax-exempt, to total interest income then subtracting total interest expense. As a non-GAAP measure, FTE net interest income should not be considered as a substitute for the nearest comparable GAAP measure, net interest income. Net interest income shown elsewhere in this presentation is GAAP net interest income. The following table reconciles GAAP net interest income to FTE net interest income (in thousands).

Three Months Ended
June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022
GAAP Financial Measurements
Interest Income - Loans $ 25,300  $ 17,418 
Interest Income - Securities taxable 9,419  6,572 
Interest Income - Securities tax-exempt 1,409  2,464 
Interest Income - Other interest income 988  88 
Interest Expense - Deposits 10,030  368 
Interest Expense - Borrowed funds 3,279  527 
Interest Expense - Other 15  16 
Total Net Interest Income $ 23,792  $ 25,631 
Non-GAAP Financial Measurements
Add: Tax Benefit on Tax-Exempt Interest Income - Securities $ 375  $ 655 
Total Tax Benefit on Tax-Exempt Interest Income (1)
375  655 
Tax-Equivalent Net Interest Income $ 24,167  $ 26,286 
(1)Tax benefit was calculated using the federal statutory tax rate of 21%.
Rate/Volume Analysis
The following table sets forth the dollar difference in interest earned and paid for each major category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities for the noted periods and the amount of such change attributable to changes in average balances (volume) or changes in average interest rates. Interest income and interest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, are annualized using an actual days over calendar year method. Volume variances are equal to the increase or decrease in average balance multiplied by current period rates, and rate variances are equal to the increase or decrease in rate times prior period average balances. Variances attributable to both rate and volume changes are calculated by multiplying the change in rate by the change in average balance and are allocated to the volume variance. See table below (in thousands).
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Three Months Ended June 30, 2023, compared to June 30, 2022
Dollar Increase (Decrease) Due to Change in:
Average Volume Average Rate Net Change
Income from the interest-earning assets:
Loans, gross $ 12,481  $ 19,129  $ 31,610 
Securities (1)
(8,062) 14,121  6,059 
Interest-bearing deposits and fed funds sold 1,259  2,358  3,617 
Total interest income on interest-earning assets 5,678  35,608  41,286 
Expense from the interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing demand deposits (151) 2,279  2,128 
Savings deposits (2,589) 18,646  16,057 
Time deposits 12,636  7,927  20,563 
Total interest expense on interest-bearing deposits 9,896  28,852  38,748 
Borrowings 927  10,111  11,038 
Total interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities 10,823  38,963  49,786 
Taxable-equivalent net interest income
$ (5,145) $ (3,355) $ (8,500)
(1)Yields and interest income on tax-exempt securities have been computed on a taxable-equivalent basis.
Interest Income
Total interest income was $37.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $26.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, an increase of 39.8%. The increase in interest income was primarily driven by an increase in both rates and volume for the loan portfolio along with increasing rates for the securities portfolio. Interest income on loans and securities increased by $7.9 million and $1.8 million, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022.
Interest Expense
Total interest expense was $13.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $0.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The increase in interest expense was primarily driven by increasing rates for both deposits and borrowed funds. The average interest-bearing balances also increased, but primarily, the increase in interest rate expense was due to higher rates. Interest expense on interest-bearing deposits and borrowed funds increased by $9.7 million and $2.8 million, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022.
Provision for (Recapture of) Credit Losses
The provision for credit losses was $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to a recapture of $2.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The increased provision expense was primarily due to a recapture of provision that was booked to reflect the uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic and the sale of a non-performing loan note for three months ended June 30, 2022 and the Company estimating credit losses using an expected life-time loss model versus an incurred model for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Additionally, loan balances have risen significantly for the three months ended June 30, 2023, versus the three months ended June 30, 2022. See Note 4 - Allowance for Credit Losses in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
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Non-interest Income
The following table sets forth the various components of our non-interest income for the periods indicated (in thousands):
Three months ended June 30, Increase (Decrease)
2023 2022 Amount Percent
Fiduciary and wealth management $ 1,305  $ 1,362  $ (57) (4.2) %
Service charges and fees 1,741  1,761  (20) (1.1)
Net gains (losses) on securities (111) —  (111)               n/a
Income from company-owned life insurance 571  542  29  5.4 
Other non-interest income 1,119  831  288  34.7 
Total $ 4,625  $ 4,496  $ 129  2.9  %
Non-interest income increased 2.9% for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily driven by an increase in other non-interest income of $288 thousand through an increase in customer swap fees and increased dividend from the FHLB. This increase was partially offset by the loss on the sale of securities in the three months ended June 30, 2023.
Non-interest Expense
The following table sets forth the various components of our non-interest expense for the periods indicated (in thousands):
Three months ended June 30, Increase (Decrease)
2023 2022 Amount Percent
Salaries and wages $ 9,922  $ 9,617  $ 305  3.2  %
Pensions and other employee benefits 2,406  1,901  505  26.6 
Occupancy 1,545  1,609  (64) (4.0)
Equipment rentals, depreciation and maintenance 1,457  1,383  74  5.4 
Other 6,018  5,858  160  2.7 
Total $ 21,348  $ 20,368  $ 980  4.8  %
Non-interest expense increased 4.8% for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to June 30, 2022. The main drivers for this increase are personal related expenses such as salary, pensions, and other employee benefits which increased by $810 thousand primarily due to increases in the costs of employee benefit plans. In addition, the Company incurred additional expense related to entering into interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges and higher legal and audit fees arising from the filing of our initial Registration Statement and other required filings
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense was $0.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, a decrease of $1.1 million from the tax provision for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease was due to the decrease in net income for the three months ended June 30, 2023, when compared to the prior year three months ended June 30, 2022. For the three months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, our effective tax rates were 12.0% and 15.5%, respectively.
Analysis of Financial Condition for the Period Ended June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022
Assets increased by $6.3 million to $3.57 billion as of June 30, 2023, compared to $3.56 billion as of December 31, 2022. Loans, net of ACL, increased by $108.9 million from $1.87 billion as of December 31, 2022, to $1.98 billion as of June 30, 2023. Deposits increased by $84.9 million and amounted to $3.01 billion at June 30, 2023, compared to $2.92 billion at December 31, 2022. Borrowed funds decreased by $94.1 million to $249.0 million as of June 30, 2023, compared to $343.1 million at December 31, 2022.
Investment Securities
Our investment policy is established and reviewed annually by the Board. We are permitted under federal law to invest in various types of liquid assets, including United States Government obligations, securities of various federal agencies and of state and municipal governments, mortgage-backed securities, time deposits of federally insured institutions, certain bankers’ acceptances, and federal funds. Our securities are all classified as AFS.
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Our investments provide a source of liquidity because we can pledge them to support borrowed funds or can liquidate them to generate cash proceeds. Our investment portfolio is also a resource in managing interest rate risk, because the maturity and interest rate characteristics of this asset class can be modified to match changes in the loan and deposit portfolios. The majority of our AFS investment portfolio is comprised of obligations of states and municipalities and residential mortgage-backed securities. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the unrealized losses on our holdings decreased from December 31, 2022, as the decrease in long-term interest rate expectations, portfolio runoff, and rebalancing had a positive impact on the value of our AFS portfolio.
On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted the new CECL standard in accordance with ASU 2016-13, which changed the accounting framework by replacing the other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) assessment with the recognition of an ACL. The Company determined that the declines in market value were due to increases in interest rates and market movements and not due to credit factors. Therefore, the Company has concluded that the unrealized losses for the AFS securities do not require an ACL at June 30, 2023. Under the prior OTTI framework, the Company did not record any cumulative OTTI expense as of December 31, 2022.
The Company has sufficient access to liquidity such that management does not believe it would be necessary to sell any of its investment securities at a loss to offset any unexpected deposit outflows. Management believes the structure of the Bank’s investment portfolio is appropriately aligned with the rest of the balance sheet to protect against significant and unexpected charges against earnings and capital.
The following tables reflect the amortized cost and fair market values for the total portfolio for each category of investment for June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):
June 30, 2023
Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value
Securities Available-for-Sale
U.S. Treasuries and government agencies $ 197,592  $ —  $ 22,195  $ 175,397 
Obligations of states and municipalities 538,194  28  82,360  455,862 
Residential mortgage backed - agency 47,340  —  5,350  41,990 
Residential mortgage backed - non-agency 323,519  13  27,428  296,104 
Commercial mortgage backed - agency 37,558  25  1,497  36,086 
Commercial mortgage backed - non-agency 172,286  —  7,979  164,307 
Asset backed 76,611  2,135  74,479 
Other 9,500  —  1,535  7,965 
$ 1,402,600  $ 69  $ 150,479  $ 1,252,190 
December 31, 2022
Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value
Securities Available-for-Sale
U.S. Treasuries and government agencies $ 198,154  $ —  $ 23,161  $ 174,993 
Obligations of states and municipalities 550,590  12  96,695  453,907 
Residential mortgage backed - agency 57,883  14  4,836  53,061 
Residential mortgage backed - non-agency 365,983  26,690  339,295 
Commercial mortgage backed - agency 61,810  75  1,952  59,933 
Commercial mortgage backed - non-agency 191,709  10  8,420  183,299 
Asset backed 101,791  49  3,214  98,626 
Other 9,500  —  857  8,643 
$ 1,537,420  $ 162  $ 165,825  $ 1,371,757 
The investment maturity table below summarizes contractual maturities for our investment securities at June 30, 2023. The actual timing of principal payments may differ from remaining contractual maturities because obligors may have the right to repay certain obligations with or without penalties. The overall weighted average duration of the Company’s investment portfolio is 4.3 years at June 30, 2023. The weighted-average yield below represents the effective yield for the investment securities and is calculated based on the amortized cost of each security (dollars in thousands).
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Interest on securities below excludes tax-equivalent adjustments.
June 30, 2023
One Year or Less One to Five Years Five to Ten Years After Ten Years Total
Amortized Cost Weighted Average Yield Amortized Cost Weighted Average Yield Amortized Cost Weighted Average Yield Amortized Cost Weighted Average Yield Amortized Cost Weighted Average Yield
Securities Available-for-Sale
U.S. Treasuries and government agencies $ 29,711  1.61  % $ 40,637  1.13  % $ 127,244  1.37  % $ —  —  % $ 197,592  1.36  %
Obligations of states and municipalities 370  4.10  12,935  2.67  317,052  2.10  207,837  2.09  538,194  2.11 
Residential mortgage backed - agency 42  4.25  23,836  4.86  23,462  1.88  —  —  47,340  3.38 
Residential mortgage backed - non-agency 58,019  2.12  160,253  4.17  95,481  3.23  9,766  4.80  323,519  3.54 
Commercial mortgage backed - agency 196  7.08  31,090  4.97  6,272  4.09  —  —  37,558  4.83 
Commercial mortgage backed - non-agency 8,562  6.98  158,575  4.73  5,149  1.43  —  —  172,286  4.74 
Asset backed 8,765  5.51  36,411  5.70  31,435  5.99  —  —  76,611  5.80 
Other —  —  —  —  9,500  5.13  —  —  9,500  5.13 
Total $ 105,665  2.67  % $ 463,737  4.26  % $ 615,595  2.37  % $ 217,603  2.21  % $ 1,402,600  2.99  %
Lending Activities
Our loan portfolio consists primarily of commercial real estate loans, but we offer a variety of products to meet the credit needs of our borrowers. The risks associated with lending activities differ among loan classes and are subject to the impact of changes in interest rates, market conditions of collateral securing the loans, and general economic conditions. Any of these factors may adversely impact a borrower’s ability to repay loans and also impact the associated collateral. Additional discussion on the classes of loans the Company makes and related risks is included in Note 3 — Loans in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
The following tables set forth the composition of our loan portfolio as of the dates indicated (in thousands):
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Commercial real estate $ 1,198,840  $ 1,109,315 
Owner-occupied commercial real estate 124,466  127,114 
Acquisition, construction & development 92,730  94,450 
Commercial & industrial 59,142  53,514 
Single family residential (1-4 units) 522,944  499,362 
Consumer non-real estate and other 2,847  3,466 
2,000,969  1,887,221 
Allowance for credit losses (25,919) (21,039)
Loans, net $ 1,975,050  $ 1,866,182 
The loan portfolio, excluding ACL, at June 30, 2023, increased by $113.7 million primarily due to growth in our commercial and residential real estate loan production. The Company’s organic growth has occurred in both legacy and newer markets, principally in commercial real estate.
The following table shows the maturity distribution for total loans outstanding as of June 30, 2023. The maturity distribution is grouped by remaining scheduled principal payments that are due in the following periods. The principal balance of loans are indicated by both fixed and floating rate categories in the table below (in thousands).
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June 30, 2023
Within One Year One Year to Five Years Five Years to 15 Years After 15 Years
Fixed Rates Adjustable Rates Fixed Rates Adjustable Rates Fixed Rates Adjustable Rates Fixed Rates Adjustable Rates Total
Loans:
Commercial real estate $ 54,150  $ 27,656  $ 528,233  $ 102,081  $ 389,782  $ 85,482  $ —  $ 11,456  $ 1,198,840 
Owner-occupied commercial real estate 9,081  185  52,860  5,593  55,006  586  —  1,155  124,466 
Acquisition, construction & development 23,144  6,323  381  54,418  6,129  596  1,238  501  92,730 
Commercial & industrial 631  2,599  42,647  9,036  3,569  660  —  —  59,142 
Total commercial loans 87,006  36,763  624,121  171,128  454,486  87,324  1,238  13,112  1,475,178 
Single family residential (1-4 units) 2,715  1,866  11,913  20,608  19,219  11,396  269,437  185,790  522,944 
Consumer non-real estate and other 125  197  991  682  430  —  21  401  2,847 
Total loans $ 89,846  $ 38,826  $ 637,025  $ 192,418  $ 474,135  $ 98,720  $ 270,696  $ 199,303  $ 2,000,969 
Asset Quality
The Company maintains policies and procedures to promote sound underwriting and mitigate credit risk. The Chief Credit Officer is responsible for establishing credit risk policies and procedures, including underwriting guidelines and credit approval authority, and monitoring credit exposure and performance of the Company’s lending-related transactions.
A loan is placed on non-accrual status when (i) the Company is advised by the borrower that scheduled principal or interest payments cannot be met, (ii) when management’s best judgment indicates that payment in full of principal and interest can no longer be expected, or (iii) when any such loan or obligation becomes delinquent for 90 days, unless it is both well-secured and in the process of collection.
The Company’s asset quality remained stable through the second quarter of 2023. The Company’s non-performing assets, which includes non-performing loans consisting of non-accrual loans, loans that are more than 90 days past due and still accruing, and other real estate owned as of June 30, 2023, totaled $2.9 million.
The following table summarizes the Company’s non-performing assets as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):
June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Non-accrual loans $ 2,923  $ 5,497 
90 days past due and still accruing —  — 
Total non-performing loans 2,923  5,497 
Other real estate owned —  — 
Total non-performing assets $ 2,923  $ 5,497 
Allowance for Credit Losses
Refer to the discussion in Note 1. Nature of Business Activities and Significant Accounting Policies in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for management’s approach to estimating the ACL.
The Company maintains the ACL at a level deemed adequate by management for expected credit losses. As disclosed in Note 1 and Note 4, on January 1, 2023, the Company implemented CECL and increased the ACL, previously the allowance for credit losses, with a cumulative-effect adjustment to the ACL for credit losses of $4.4 million, which included a cumulative-effect adjustment to the ACL for off-balance sheet exposures of $274.8 thousand. The Company’s ACL is calculated quarterly with any adjustment recorded to the provision for credit losses in the consolidated Statement of Income. Management evaluates the adequacy of the ACL utilizing a defined methodology to determine if it properly addresses the current and expected risks in the loan portfolio, which considers the performance of borrowers and specific evaluation of individually evaluated loans, including historical loss experiences, trends in delinquencies, non-performing loans and other risk assets, and qualitative factors. Risk factors are continuously reviewed and adjusted, as needed, by management when conditions support a change.
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Management believes its approach properly addresses relevant accounting and bank regulatory guidance for loans both collectively and individually evaluated.
Gross charged-off loans were $104.0 thousand and $3.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, respectively, and $121.0 thousand and $3.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, respectively. Gross recoveries totaled $9.0 thousand and $127.0 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, respectively, and $43.0 thousand and $186.0 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, respectively. The ACL as a percentage of gross loans, net of unearned income, was 1.30% and 1.34% as of June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, respectively.
The Company recorded a provision of $310.0 thousand and a provision recapture of $2.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, respectively, and a provision of $833.0 thousand and a provision recapture of $5.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, respectively. The provision recapture was as a result of removing COVID-19 qualitative factors and the sale of a non-performing loan note.
The following table summarizes the changes in the Company’s credit loss experience by portfolio as of the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022 (dollars in thousands):
Three months ended Six months ended
June 30, 2023
June 30, 2022
June 30, 2023
June 30, 2022
Loans outstanding at end of period $ 2,000,969  $ 1,748,508  $ 2,000,969  $ 1,748,508 
Balance of allowance at beginning of period (25,704) (29,061) (21,039) (31,709)
Impact of the adoption of CECL —  (4,125) — 
Loans charged-off:
Commercial real estate —  3,261  —  3,282 
Owner-occupied commercial real estate —  —  —  — 
Acquisition, construction & development —  —  —  — 
Commercial & industrial 29  —  29  20 
Residential —  —  —  — 
Consumer non-real estate and other 75  27  92  55 
Total loans charged-off 104  3,288  121  3,357 
Recoveries of loans charged-off:
Commercial real estate (3) (4) (31) (7)
Owner-occupied commercial real estate —  —  —  — 
Acquisition, construction & development —  —  —  — 
Commercial & industrial —  —  —  — 
Residential (3) (117) (6) (164)
Consumer non-real estate and other (3) (6) (6) (15)
Total recoveries of loans charged-off (9) (127) (43) (186)
Net loan charge-offs (recoveries) 95  3,161  78  3,171 
Provision for (recapture of) credit losses for the period 310  (2,538) 833  (5,176)
Ending allowance $ (25,919) $ (23,362) $ (25,919) $ (23,362)
Average loans outstanding during the period $ 2,002,482  $ 1,754,723  $ 1,961,309  $ 1,755,586 
Allowance coverage ratio(1)
1.30  % 1.34  % 1.30  % 1.34  %
Net charge-offs to average outstanding loans during the period(2)
0.00  0.18  0.00  0.18 
Allowance for credit losses as a percentage of non-performing loans(3)
886.73  91.49  886.73  91.49 
(1)The allowance coverage ratio is calculated by dividing the ACL at the end of the period by gross loans, net of unearned income at the end of the period.
(2)The Net charge-offs to average outstanding loans during the period is calculated by dividing total net loan charge-offs (recoveries) during the year by average gross loans outstanding during the year.
(3)The Allowance for credit losses as a percentage of non-performing loans ratio is calculated by dividing the ACL at the end of the period by non-accrual loans at the end of the period.
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The following table summarizes the ACL and the allowance for credit losses by portfolio with a comparison of the percentage composition in relation to total ACL and allowance for credit losses and total loans as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022 (dollars in thousands).
June 30, 2023
Allowance for credit losses Percent of Allowance in Each Category to Total Allocated ACL Percent of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans
Commercial real estate $ 18,639  71.91  % 59.91  %
Owner-occupied commercial real estate 719  2.77  6.22 
Acquisition, construction & development 1,319  5.09  4.63 
Commercial & industrial 612  2.36  2.96 
Residential 4,520  17.44  26.13 
Consumer non-real estate and other 110  0.42  0.14 
Total $ 25,919  100.00  % 100.00  %
December 31, 2022
Allowance for credit losses Percent of Allowance in Each Category to Total Allocated Allowance Percent of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans
Commercial real estate $ 15,477  73.56  % 58.78  %
Owner-occupied commercial real estate 635  3.02  6.74 
Acquisition, construction & development 2,082  9.90  5.00 
Commercial & industrial 438  2.08  2.84 
Residential 2,379  11.31  26.46 
Consumer non-real estate and other 28  0.13  0.18 
Total $ 21,039  100.00  % 100.00  %
Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company utilizes interest rate swap agreements as part of its asset/liability management strategy to help manage its interest rate risk position. The Company recognizes derivative financial instruments at fair value as either other assets or other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company’s use of derivative financial instruments are described more fully in Note 9 — Derivatives in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
The Company enters into certain off-balance sheet arrangements in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These off-balance sheet arrangements include commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit, and financial guarantees which would impact the Company’s liquidity and capital resources to the extent customers accept and/or use these commitments. See Note 10 — Commitments and Contingencies in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of credit extension commitments. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the balance sheet. With the exception of these off-balance sheet arrangements, the Company has no off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future effect on the Company’s financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, or capital resources.
Funding Activities
The Company’s funding activities are monitored and governed through the Company’s asset/liability management process. Deposits are the primary source of funds for lending and investing activities; however, the Company will use borrowings to meet liquidity needs and for temporary funding. Sources of borrowings include advances from the FHLB of Atlanta, borrowings from correspondent banks, and the Fed Discount Window. The Company also utilizes brokered time deposits. For more discussion of brokered time deposits, see the Deposits heading below this section.
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As of June 30, 2023, the Company has available unused borrowing capacity of $959.0 million through its available lines of credit with the FHLB of Atlanta and unsecured federal fund lines of credit from correspondent banking relationships. Advances on credit lines are secured by both securities and loans.
The following table shows certain information regarding borrowings as of the three months ended June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively (dollars in thousands):
June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Balance at end of period $ 249,000  $ 343,100 
Weighted average interest rate at end of period 4.62% 4.42%
Deposits
Total deposits increased by $84.9 million from December 31, 2022, to June 30, 2023, due to an increase in the balance of brokered time deposits. The Company issued brokered time deposits that amounted to $389.1 million as of June 30, 2023, and $100.3 million at December 31, 2022, which are included in the table below. The following table sets forth the balance of each category of deposits as of the dates indicated (in thousands):
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Balance Balance
Demand, non-interest-bearing $ 876,396  $ 960,692 
Demand, interest-bearing 525,155  616,665 
Money market and savings 969,668  1,044,152 
Time deposits, other 634,044  298,891 
Total interest-bearing 2,128,867  1,959,708 
Total deposits $ 3,005,263  $ 2,920,400 
The Company continues to seek organic growth in both interest-bearing and non-interest-bearing deposits consistent with our relationship-based strategy. Management evaluates its utilization of brokered deposits, taking into consideration the interest rate curve and regulatory views on non-core funding sources, and balances this funding source with its funding needs based on growth initiatives.
The Company has deposits that meet or exceed the FDIC insurance limit of $250,000 in the amounts of $681.9 million and $843.4 million at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.
The following table sets forth maturity ranges of time deposits as of June 30, 2023, that meet or exceed the FDIC insurance limit (in thousands).
June 30, 2023
Due within 3 months or less $ 6,409 
Due after 3 months and within 6 months 11,070 
Due after 6 months and within 12 months 27,333 
Due after 12 months 3,641 
Total uninsured, time deposits $ 48,453 
Shareholders’ Equity
Total shareholders’ equity at June 30, 2023, was $290.1 million, compared to $273.5 million at December 31, 2022. Shareholders’ equity increased by $16.6 million in part due to a decrease in unrealized losses in the AFS securities portfolio since December 31, 2022. Accumulated other comprehensive income increased $13.3 million from December 31, 2022, to June 30, 2023, primarily as a result of a decrease in unrealized losses on AFS investment securities.
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Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Market Risk
Market risk is the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and rates. Our market risk arises primarily from interest rate risk inherent in lending, investment, and deposit-taking activities. To that end, management actively monitors and manages its interest rate risk exposure, and on at least a quarterly basis, in conjunction with the Company’s Asset/Liability meetings, reports its findings to the ALCO and to the Board. From time to time, management may change the frequency of such testing or update certain inputs as a result of abnormal market conditions. Our profitability is affected by fluctuations in interest rates; a sudden and substantial change in interest rates may adversely impact our earnings to the extent that the interest rates borne by assets and liabilities do not change at the same speed, to the same extent, or on the same basis. We monitor the impact of changes in interest rates on net interest income using several tools. See Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Recent Events in the Financial Services Industry.

Our primary objective in managing interest rate risk is to minimize the adverse impact of changes in interest rates on our net interest income and capital, while configuring our asset-liability structure to obtain the maximum yield-cost spread on that structure. We rely primarily on our asset-liability structure to control interest rate risk.
In addition, the Company’s Asset/Liability policy provides for a subcommittee of the ALCO, comprised of executive and senior management that, upon the determination that abnormal market risks are occurring or may be forthcoming, will convene with the responsibility of making all decisions related to mitigation of potential negative impacts to the Company. This subcommittee acts as a clearinghouse for information on Company earnings, credit risk, lending and deposit activities, and liquidity management necessary for internal communications, including to the Board, and external communications.
Interest Rate Sensitivity
Interest rate risk is the risk to earnings and fair value arising from changes in market interest rates. Interest rate risk arises from timing differences in the repricing and maturities of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities (repricing risk), changes in the expected maturities of assets and liabilities arising from embedded options, such as borrowers’ ability to prepay home mortgage loans at any time, depositors’ ability to redeem certificates of deposit before maturity (option risk), changes in the shape of the yield curve, where interest rates increase or decrease in a non-parallel fashion (yield curve risk), and changes in spread relationships between different yield curves, such as U.S. Treasuries and SOFR (basis risk).
The rates on some interest-bearing financial instruments may adjust promptly with changes in market rates, while others adjust only periodically or are fixed for a predefined term. Such instances can cause a mismatch between the sensitivity and behavior of financial assets and liabilities. Interest rate fluctuations and economic factors, coupled with repricing mismatches and embedded options inherent in these financial assets and liabilities, may impact the Company’s interest expense, interest income, and the value of certain financial assets and liabilities. Through the ALCO, we attempt to manage the balance sheet in a manner that increases the benefit or reduces the negative impacts from such events.
The overall impact of changes in interest rates, including, but not limited to, the impact to our net interest income and to our securities portfolio, can be enhanced or diluted depending on the variability of interest rates. From time to time, the Company may hedge its interest rate risk position, which can impact earnings. We generally do not hedge all of our interest rate risk, nor can we guarantee that any attempts to do so will be successful. See Note 9 - Derivatives in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of our hedging activity.
The Company actively manages its interest rate sensitivity position. The objectives of interest rate risk management are to control exposure of net interest income to risks associated with interest rate movements and to achieve sustainable growth in net interest income. The ALCO, using policies and procedures approved by the Company’s Board, is responsible for the management of the Company’s interest rate sensitivity position. The Company manages interest rate sensitivity by changing the mix, pricing and re-pricing characteristics of its assets and liabilities, through the management of its investment portfolio, its offerings of loan and selected deposit terms, and through wholesale funding. Wholesale funding consists of, but is not limited to, borrowings with the FHLB, federal funds purchased, and brokered time deposits.
The Company uses several tools to manage its interest rate risk, including interest rate sensitivity analysis, or gap analysis, market value of portfolio equity analysis, interest rate simulations under various rate scenarios, and net interest margin reports. The results of these reports are compared to limits established by the Company’s ALCO policies, and appropriate adjustments are made if the results are outside the established limits.
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There are an infinite number of potential interest rate scenarios, each of which can be accompanied by differing economic/political/regulatory climates; can generate multiple differing behavior patterns by markets, borrowers, depositors, etc.; and, can last for varying degrees of time. Therefore, by definition, interest rate risk sensitivity cannot be predicted with certainty. Accordingly, the Company’s interest rate risk measurement philosophy focuses on maintaining an appropriate balance between theoretical and practical scenarios; especially given the primary objective of the Company’s overall asset/liability management process, which is to facilitate meaningful strategy development and implementation.
Therefore, we model a set of interest rate scenarios capturing the financial effects of a range of plausible rate scenarios; the collective impact of which will enable the Company to clearly understand the nature and extent of its sensitivity to interest rate changes. Doing so necessitates an assessment of rate changes over varying time horizons and of varying/sufficient degrees such that the impact of embedded options within the balance sheet are sufficiently examined.
The following tables demonstrate the annualized result of an interest rate simulation and the estimated effect that a parallel interest rate shift, or “shock”, in the yield curve and subjective adjustments in deposit pricing might have on the Company’s projected net interest income over the next 12 months. This simulation assumes that there is no growth in interest-earning assets or interest-bearing liabilities over the next 12 months.
As of June 30, 2023
As of December 31, 2022
Change in Interest Rates (in Basis Points) Percentage Change in Net Interest Income Percentage Change in Net Interest Income
300  (1.3) % (9.2) %
200  (1.1) (6.2)
100  (0.4) (3.0)
(100) (2.3) (2.0)
(200) (4.1) (5.8)
Economic Value of Equity Analysis (“EVE”). We analyze the sensitivity of our financial condition to changes in interest rates through our economic value of equity model. This analysis measures the difference between predicted changes in the fair value of our assets and predicted changes in the present value of our liabilities, assuming various changes in current interest rates. The table below represents an analysis of our interest rate risk as measured by the estimated changes in our economic value of equity, resulting from an instantaneous and sustained parallel shift in the yield curve at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
As of June 30, 2023
As of December 31, 2022
Change in Interest Rates (in Basis Points) Percentage Change in EVE Percentage Change in EVE
300  (14.8) % (15.8) %
200  (10.3) (10.5)
100  (4.6) (4.7)
(100) 2.0  0.1 
(200) 1.3  (3.2)
Item 4.    Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of June 30, 2023. Based on their evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and regulations are designed and operating in an effective manner.
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2023, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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Part II - Other Information
Item 1.    Legal Proceedings
Legal Proceedings
In the ordinary course of our operations, and from time-to-time, the Company and its subsidiary are parties to various legal claims, lawsuits and proceedings incidental to the ordinary nature of the Company’s business. Currently, we are not party to any material legal proceedings, and no such proceedings are, to management’s knowledge, threatened against us. Although the ultimate outcome of any pending legal proceedings cannot be ascertained at this time, it is the opinion of management that the liabilities (if any) resulting from such legal proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, including its consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows, or otherwise require disclosure under the federal securities laws.
Item 1A.    Risk Factors
There have been no material changes in the risk factors that were disclosed in Item 1A, under the caption “Risk Factors” in our Registration Statement.
Item 2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.
Item 3.    Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures
Not Applicable.
Item 5.    Other Information
(c) Insider Trading Arrangements

During the three months ended June 30, 2023, none of our directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Exchange Act) adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended).
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Item 6.     Exhibits
Exhibit No. Description
31.1
31.2
32.1
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date: August 11, 2023
Burke & Herbert Financial Services Corp.
By: /s/ David P. Boyle
Name: David P. Boyle
Title: President & Chief Executive Officer
By: /s/ Roy E. Halyama
Name: Roy E. Halyama
Title: Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
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EX-31.1 2 bhrb-ex3112q202310xq.htm EX-31.1 Document

Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION
I, David P. Boyle, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Burke & Herbert Financial Services Corp.;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:
(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)[reserved]
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)    Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
5.     The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 11, 2023             
/s/ David P. Boyle    
David P. Boyle
President & Chief Executive Officer

157842105v1
EX-31.2 3 bhrb-ex3122q202310xq.htm EX-31.2 Document

Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION
I, Roy E. Halyama, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Burke & Herbert Financial Services Corp.;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:
(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)[reserved]
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)    Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
5.     The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 11, 2023             
/s/ Roy E. Halyama    
Roy E. Halyama
Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
157842164v1
EX-32.1 4 bhrb-ex3212q202310xq.htm EX-32.1 Document

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO SECTION 906
In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Burke & Herbert Financial Services Corp. (the “Company”) for the period ended June 30, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned, as the Principal Executive Officer of the Company and the Principal Financial Officer of the Company, respectively, certify, pursuant to and for purposes of 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to their knowledge:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: August 11, 2023 /s/ David P. Boyle
David P. Boyle
President & Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
Date: August 11, 2023 /s/ Roy E. Halyama
Roy E. Halyama
Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)


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