エクスピオン360の四半期報告

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025

☐

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______ to ______.

Commission File Number 001-41347

EXPION360 INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Nevada

(state or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

81-2701049

(IRS Employer Identification No.)

2025 SW Deerhound Ave. Redmond, OR 97756

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (541) 797-6714

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share	XPON	The Nasdaq Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 13, 2025, there were 9,656,739 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND INDUSTRY DATA	i
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION	1
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	1
BALANCE SHEETS	1
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)	2
STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)	3
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)	4
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)	6
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	24
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	36
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	36
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION	36
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS	36
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS	37
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS	37
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES	38
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES	38
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION	38
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS	39
SIGNATURES	40

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND INDUSTRY DATA

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”) includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions contained in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements in this Quarterly Report, other than statements of historical fact, are forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, projections regarding the markets in which we operate, plans and objectives for future operations, estimates of future financial condition, results of operations or liquidity, proposed new products or services, expected capital expenditures, proposed financings, future economic conditions or performance, and any estimates or assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of terminology such as “may,” “will,” “expects,” “plans,” “should,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “seeks,” “believes,” “estimates,” “potential,” “forecasts,” “continue,” or the negative thereof, or other comparable terminology. All forward-looking statements included in this Quarterly Report are made as of the date hereof and are based on information available to us as of such date. Although we believe the expectations reflected in our forward-looking statements are reasonable, there can be no assurance that such expectations or any of our forward-looking statements will prove to be accurate. Actual results may differ, and could differ materially, from those results expressed in or implied by the forward-looking statements. Investors are cautioned not to unduly rely on any such forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements are neither statements of historical facts nor assurances of future performance. Instead, they are based on our current beliefs, expectations, and assumptions regarding our business, industry, plans and strategies, anticipated events and trends, and other future conditions. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to considerable risks, uncertainties and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict and may be outside our control. Our actual financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and business outcomes may differ materially from those expressed in or implied by these forward-looking statements.

Important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:

We operate in an extremely competitive industry and are subject to pricing pressures.

We have a history of losses. As our costs increase, we may not be able to generate sufficient revenue to achieve and sustain profitability.

Our audited financial statements include a statement that there is a substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern and a continuation of negative financial trends could result in our inability to continue as a going concern.

Our results of operations could be adversely affected by changes in the cost and availability of raw materials and we are dependent on third-party manufacturers and suppliers.

Increases in costs, disruption of supply or shortage of any of our battery components, such as electronic and mechanical parts, or raw materials used in the production of such parts, could harm our business.

We depend on our senior management team and other key employees, and significant attrition within our management team or unsuccessful succession planning could adversely affect our business.

Our business and future growth depends on the needs and success of our customers.

We have substantial customer concentration, with a limited number of customers accounting for a substantial portion of our sales.

If we fail to expand our sales and distribution channels, our business could suffer.

The uncertainty in global economic conditions could negatively affect our results of operations.

We are currently, and will likely continue to be, dependent on our two warehouse facilities. If our facilities become inoperable for any reason, our ability to produce our products could be negatively impacted.

We could face potential product liability or warranty claims relating to our products, including the components thereof, which could reduce market adoption, result in reputation damage, and result in significant costs and liabilities, which would reduce our profitability.

Our operations expose us to litigation, tax, environmental, and other legal compliance risks.

Our failure to introduce new products and product enhancements that respond to customer and end consumer demand, and any broad market acceptance of new technologies introduced by our competitors, could adversely affect our business.

We may not be able to adequately protect our proprietary intellectual property and technology and we may need to defend ourselves against intellectual property infringement claims.

Any acquisitions that we complete may dilute stockholder ownership interests in the Company, may have adverse effects on our financial condition and results of operations and may cause unanticipated liabilities.

If our electronic data is compromised, or we experience a failure in our information technology or storage systems, our business could be significantly harmed.

Our ability to raise capital in the future may be limited, which could make us unable to fund our capital requirements and our stockholders may be diluted by future securities offerings.

Our stock price may fluctuate significantly, and you may lose all or a part of your investment.

Sales of substantial amounts of our securities in the public markets, or the perception that such sales might occur, could reduce the price of our securities and may dilute your voting power and your ownership interest in us.

Our long-term lease and debt obligations could adversely affect our ability to raise additional capital to fund operations and limit our ability to enter into certain transactions.

Moreover, new risks and uncertainties emerge occasionally, and it is not possible for us to predict all risks and uncertainties, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business, or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause our actual future results to be materially different from any results expressed in or implied by any forward-looking statements. Except as required by applicable law or the listing rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market, we expressly disclaim any intent or obligation to update any forward-looking statements. If we do update or correct any forward-looking statements, investors should not conclude we will make additional updates or corrections. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by reference to these cautionary statements.

INDUSTRY AND MARKET DATA

This Quarterly Report includes statistical and other industry and market data that we obtained from industry publications and research, surveys, and studies conducted by third parties, as well as our own projections and estimates. All of the market data used in this report involve a number of assumptions and limitations, and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely on such data. Industry publications and research, surveys, and studies generally indicate that their information has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, although they do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of such information.

Our estimates of the potential market opportunities for our products include several key assumptions based on our industry knowledge, industry publications and research, and other surveys. While we believe our internal assumptions are reasonable, no independent source has verified such assumptions.

TRADEMARKS

This Quarterly Report includes trademarks, tradenames, and service marks that are our property or the property of others. Solely for convenience, such trademarks and tradenames sometimes appear without any “™” or “®” symbol. However, failure to include such symbols is not intended to suggest, in any way, that we will not assert our rights or the rights of any applicable licensor, to these trademarks and tradenames.

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

EXPION360 INC.

BALANCE SHEETS


	As of September 30, 2025 (Unaudited)			As of December 31, 2024
Assets
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	4,293,797		$	547,565
Accounts receivable, net		567,991			613,022
Inventory		3,631,659			4,831,461
Prepaid/in-transit inventory		581,837			1,612,686
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		485,452			236,461
Total current assets		9,560,736			7,841,195

Property and equipment		807,082			914,081
Accumulated depreciation		(453,857	)		(430,191	)
Property and equipment, net		353,225			483,890

Other Assets
Operating leases – right-of-use assets		743,024			754,832
Deposits		32,016			27,471
Total other assets		775,040			782,303
Total assets	$	10,689,001		$	9,107,388

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	522,794		$	338,091
Customer deposits		6,516			48,474
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		154,426			187,464
Current portion of operating lease liability		327,683			256,153
Current portion of long-term debt		30,553			31,758
Suspended liability		—			4,985,948
Total current liabilities		1,041,972			5,847,888

Long-term debt, net of current portion and discount		175,022			198,412
Operating lease liability, net of current portion		459,942			542,764
Total liabilities		1,676,936			6,589,064

Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share; 20,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024		—			—
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 8,643,662 and 2,096,082 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively		8,644			2,096
Additional paid-in capital		45,376,727			37,091,468
Accumulated deficit		(36,373,306	)		(34,575,240	)
Total stockholders’ equity		9,012,065			2,518,324
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	10,689,001		$	9,107,388

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

EXPION360 INC.

STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025			2024			2025			2024
Net sales	$	2,393,192		$	1,389,495		$	7,432,470		$	3,639,462
Cost of sales		1,850,709			1,220,804			5,765,810			2,922,786
Gross profit		542,483			168,691			1,666,660			716,676
Selling, general and administrative		3,544,666			2,096,468			7,166,907			6,290,202
Loss from operations		(3,002,183	)		(1,927,777	)		(5,500,247	)		(5,573,526	)

Other (income) / expense
Interest income		(23	)		(14,589	)		(24	)		(60,049	)
Interest expense		4,439			467,715			13,756			971,561
Loss on sale of property and equipment		—			146,454			13,353			146,760
Settlement expense		—			400,900			—			709,900
Other (income) / expense		(3,729,429	)		5,885,940			(3,729,379	)		5,884,751
Total other (income) / expense		(3,725,013	)		6,886,420			(3,702,294	)		7,652,923
Income / (Loss) before income taxes		722,830			(8,814,197	)		(1,797,953	)		(13,226,449	)

Franchise taxes		38			460			113			1,379
Net income / (loss)	$	722,792		$	(8,814,657	)	$	(1,798,066	)	$	(13,227,828	)

Net income / (loss) per share:
Basic	$	0.12		$	(24.55	)	$	(0.43	)	$	(78.63	)
Diluted	$	0.10		$	(24.55	)	$	(0.43	)	$	(78.63	)

Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic		5,995,776			358,990			4,157,417			168,219
Diluted		7,567,322			358,990			4,157,417			168,219

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

EXPION360 INC.

STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)


	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital			Accumulated Deficit			Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares		Amount	Additional Paid-in Capital			Accumulated Deficit			Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at December 31, 2023	69,230	$	69	$	26,445,378		$	(21,095,765	)	$	5,349,682
Stock issued under equity line of credit	382		—		125,153			—			125,153
Proceeds received from cashless exercise of warrants	16		—		(4	)		—			(4	)
Stock issued for interest payment	107		—		41,250			—			41,250
Stock-based compensation	—		—		35,127			—			35,127
Issuance of stock options	—		—		218,219			—			218,219
Issuance of RSUs	—		—		51,647			—			51,647
Settlement of vested RSUs	99		—		46,889			—			46,889
Settlement of commitment shares	635		1		(1	)		—			—
Net loss	—		—		—			(2,192,940	)		(2,192,940	)
Balance at March 31, 2024	70,469		70		26,963,658			(23,288,705	)		3,675,023
Stock issued for ELOC	3,954		4		703,334			—			703,338
Stock issued for interest payment	153		—		34,561			—			34,561
Issuance of stock options	—		—		69,416			—			69,416
Issuance of RSUs	—		—		53,654			—			53,654
Settlement of vested RSUs	20		—		—			—			—
Stock issued as a result of settlement	1,000		1		208,999			—			209,000
Net loss	—		—		—			(2,220,231	)		(2,220,231	)
Balance at June 30, 2024	75,596		75		28,033,622			(25,508,936	)		2,524,761
Stock issued for interest payment	154		—		15,028			—			15,028
Issuance of stock options	—		—		71,116			—			71,116
Issuance and settlement of RSUs	386		—		35,488			—			35,488
Issuance of shares and pre-funded warrants, follow-on offering, net of issuance costs	500,000		500		8,681,190			—			8,681,690
Proceeds from exercise of Series B warrants	342,588		344		31,080			—			31,424
Net loss	—		—		—			(8,814,657	)		(8,814,657	)
Balance at September 30, 2024	918,724	$	919	$	36,867,524		$	(34,323,593	)	$	2,544,850


Balance at December 31, 2024	2,096,082	$	2,096	$	37,091,468		$	(34,575,240	)	$	2,518,324
Issuance of shares, net of issuance costs	474,193		474		355,084			—			355,558
Issuance of pre-funded warrants	574,193		574		1,423,425			—			1,423,999
Issuance of stock options	—		—		50,721			—			50,721
Net loss	—		—		—			(1,151,998	)		(1,151,998	)
Balance at March 31, 2025	3,144,468		3,144		38,920,698			(35,727,238	)		3,196,604
Issuance and settlement of RSUs	105,000		105		80,745			—			80,850
Issuance of stock options	—		—		52,379			—			52,379
Issuance of shares in exchange for services	125,000		125		106,125			—			106,250
Net loss	—		—		—			(1,368,860	)		(1,368,860	)
Balance at June 30, 2025	3,374,468		3,374		39,159,947			(37,096,098	)		2,067,223
Issuance of stock options	—		—		267,887			—			267,887
Issuance of shares in exchange for services	200,000		200		241,800			—			242,000
Proceeds from exercise of warrants, net of costs	5,069,194		5,070		5,707,093			—			5,712,163
Net income	—		—		—			722,792			722,792
Balance at September 30, 2025	8,643,662	$	8,644	$	45,376,727		$	(36,373,306	)	$	9,012,065

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

EXPION360 INC.

STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)


	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025			2024
Cash flows from operating activities

Net loss	$	(1,798,066	)	$	(13,227,828	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation		91,642			139,876
Amortization of convertible note costs		—			667,144
Loss on sale of property and equipment		13,353			146,760
Stock-based settlement		—			209,000
Stock-based compensation		451,837			545,527
Issuance of common stock in exchange for services		348,250			—
Non-cash expense in exchange for asset disposal		21,420			—
Decrease in right-of-use assets and lease liabilities		—			(67,777	)
Increase in derivative liability		—			5,886,823
Decrease in suspended liability		(4,485,948	)		—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
(Increase) / decrease in accounts receivable		45,031			(283,637	)
Decrease in inventory		1,199,802			460,100
(Increase) / decrease in prepaid/in-transit inventory		1,030,849			(1,198,042	)
Increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets		(248,991	)		(89,027	)
(Increase) / decrease in deposits		(4,545	)		31,425
Increase in accounts payable		184,703			47,646
Increase / (decrease) in customer deposits		(41,958	)		23,826
Increase / (decrease) in accrued expenses and other current liabilities		(33,038	)		48,851
Increase in right-of-use assets and lease liabilities		516			10,002
Decrease in suspended liability		(500,000	)		—
Net cash used in operating activities		(3,725,143	)		(6,649,331	)

Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment		—			(10,550	)
Net proceeds from sale of property and equipment		4,250			132,611
Net cash provided by investing activities		4,250			122,061

Cash flows from financing activities
Principal payments on convertible note		—			(2,750,000	)
Principal payments on long-term debt		(24,595	)		(109,352	)
Principal payments on stockholder promissory notes		—			(762,500	)
Net proceeds from exercise of warrants		5,712,163			31,420
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock		1,779,557			9,510,181
Net cash provided by financing activities		7,467,125			5,919,749

Net change in cash and cash equivalents		3,746,232			(607,521	)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning		547,565			3,932,698
Cash and cash equivalents, ending	$	4,293,797		$	3,325,177

(continued on next page)

EXPION360 INC.

STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED) - CONTINUED

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:	2025		2024
Cash paid for interest	$	14,373	$	61,570
Cash paid for franchise taxes	$	150	$	—

Non-cash financing activities:
Acquisition / modification of operating lease right-of-use asset and lease liability	$	198,216	$	—
Issuance of common stock for payment on accrued interest	$	—	$	90,839
Issuance of common stock for payment on accrued compensation	$	—	$	36,029

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

EXPION360, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

1. Organization and Nature of Operations

Expion360 Inc. (formerly Yozamp Products Company, LLC) (the “Company”) was incorporated in the State of Nevada in November 2021. Effective November 1, 2021, the Company converted to a C corporation. Upon conversion, all of the members were issued shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and became stockholders of the Company.

The Company designs, assembles, and distributes premium lithium batteries for recreational vehicles (“RVs”), marine, golf, industrial, residential, and off-the-grid needs. The Company uses lithium iron phosphate (“LiFePO4”) batteries. LiFePO4 batteries are considered a top choice for high energy density, dependability, longevity, and safety, providing the ability to power anything, anywhere. The Company is located in Redmond, Oregon.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited financial statements have been prepared by the Company in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information, and pursuant to the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statement presentation. However, the Company believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting primarily of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.

Results of operations for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025 or for any other reporting period. The unaudited interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2025, and amended April 30, 2025 (the “Annual Report”).

Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations.

Going Concern

The Company’s activities are subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including the potential that the Company may continue to incur significant losses and fail to secure additional funding before achieving or sustaining profitability or positive cash flow from operations. Historically, the Company’s growth has been funded through a combination of equity financing, third-party debt, and working capital loans. The Company may need to raise additional debt or equity financing to expand its presence in the marketplace, acquire inventory, develop and commercialize new products, achieve operating efficiencies, and accomplish its long-term business plan. There can be no assurance as to the availability of financing or the terms upon which it might be available.

As presented in the financial statements, the Company has sustained recurring losses and negative cash flows from operations. The Company incurred net income of $0.7 million and net loss of $1.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and has accumulated deficit of $36.4 million through September 30, 2025. The Company expects to continue to incur additional losses for the foreseeable future. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within 12 months from the date the financial statements in this Quarterly Report were issued. However, management is working to address these challenges, including increasing revenue from the sale of products, managing inventory levels, identifying alternative supply chain resources, managing operational expenses, and raising additional capital.

Historically, the Company’s growth has been funded through a combination of equity financing, third-party debt, and working capital loans. However, there can be no assurance that the Company’s financial performance will continue to improve or that it will be able to raise additional equity or debt financing to finance its operations. If the Company is unable to increase sales of its products to levels sufficient to achieve profitability and positive cash flows from operations, it may be required to pursue alternative business strategies, sell assets, seek additional equity or debt financing, or cease operations.

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business; however, the above conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to do so. The financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

For additional information regarding the significant risks and uncertainties that may impact our business and financial results, see Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The Company’s significant accounting estimates include the depreciable lives of fixed assets, right-of-use asset and liability for operating leases, valuation of warrants, stock-based compensation, and deferred assets and liability for income tax purposes. Management makes its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience, existing and known circumstances, authoritative accounting pronouncements, and other factors management believes to be reasonable. In addition, the Company has considered the potential impact of macroeconomic factors, including tariffs, inflation, interest rates, commodity pricing, and recessionary concerns on its business and operations. Although the full impact of these factors is unknown and cannot be reasonably estimated, the Company believes it has made appropriate accounting estimates and assumptions based on the facts and circumstances available as of the reporting date. However, actual results could vary materially from the estimates and assumptions that were used, which may result in material effects on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all cash amounts which are not subject to withdrawal restrictions or penalties, and all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of purchase, to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains its cash balances with high-quality financial institutions located in the United States. Cash accounts are secured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) up to $250,000 per institution. At times, balances may exceed federally insured limits. Investment accounts are placed in funds consisting of U.S. Treasury securities. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and management believes that the Company is not exposed to any significant credit risk with respect to its cash and cash equivalents. As of September 30, 2025, cash balances exceeded FDIC limits by $1,994,026 and investment accounts totaling $2,000,022 are invested in US Treasury related ultra-short paper.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount, are due within a year or less, and generally do not bear any interest. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and generally requires no collateral. An allowance for uncollectible accounts may be recorded to reduce accounts receivable to the estimated amount that management expects will be collected. The allowance is based upon management’s review of the accounts receivable aging, specific identification of potentially uncollectible balances and other factors deemed relevant. Recoveries of accounts previously written off and adjustments to the allowance for uncollectible accounts are recorded as adjustments to bad debt expense. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company wrote off $0 to bad debt expense. The Company has not accrued an allowance for doubtful accounts as of September 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024, as management believed all outstanding amounts to be fully collectible.

Customer Deposits

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had customer deposits totaling $6,516 and $48,474, respectively.

Inventory

Inventory generally consists of batteries and accessories, resale items, components, and related landing costs. Inventory is stated at the lower of cost (first in, first out) or net realizable value.

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had inventory that consisted of finished assemblies totaling $2,897,777 and $4,077,013, respectively, and raw materials (inventory components, parts, and packaging) totaling $733,882 and $754,448, respectively. The stated inventory value is inclusive of fixed production overhead costs based on normal capacity of the assembly warehouse.

The Company periodically reviews its inventory for evidence of slow-moving or obsolete inventory and provides for an allowance when considered necessary. Due to changing customer demands and available technology, in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recognized an allowance for obsolete inventory of $756,520, which was expensed to other expense on the Statement of Operations and results in a reduction to the overall value of inventory on the Balance Sheet. There was no obsolete inventory expense for the same periods in 2024.

The Company prepays for inventory purchases from foreign suppliers. Prepaid inventory totaled $581,837 and $1,612,686 as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and included inventory in transit where title had passed to the Company but had not yet been physically received.

Vendor and Foreign Concentrations of Inventory Suppliers

During the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, approximately 61% and 80%, respectively, of inventory purchases were made from foreign suppliers located in Asia. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, approximately 54% and 79%, respectively, of inventory purchases were made from foreign suppliers located in Asia. Management expects products shipped from the Company’s third-party manufacturers in Asia will be subject to tariffs. The Company intends to maintain its gross margins through a combination of supplier concessions and customer price increases. The Company has also engaged a lobbyist firm to assist with tariff relief.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less depreciation calculated on the straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related assets as follows:

Schedule of estimated useful lives
Vehicles and transportation equipment		5 - 7 years
Manufacturing equipment		3 - 10 years
Office furniture and equipment		3 - 7 years
Warehouse equipment		3 - 10 years
Quality Assurance (“QA”) equipment		3 - 10 years
Tooling and molds		5 - 10 years

Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or their estimated useful lives.

Betterments, renewals, and extraordinary repairs that extend the lives of the assets are capitalized; other repairs and maintenance charges are expensed as incurred. The cost and related accumulated depreciation and amortization applicable to retired assets are removed from the accounts, and the gain or loss on disposition is recognized on the statements of operations.

Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Leases may be categorized as operating leases or finance leases. The Company does not have any finance leases.

Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset during the lease term, and operating lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating leases are included in ROU assets, current operating lease liabilities, and long-term operating lease liabilities on the balance sheets.

Lease ROU assets and lease liabilities are initially recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date calculated using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”) applicable to the lease asset, unless the implicit rate is readily determinable. The Company’s IBR represents the interest rate that the Company would expect to incur at lease commencement to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments on a collateralized basis with similar terms and payments, in an economic environment where the leased asset is located. ROU assets include any lease payments made at or before lease commencement and exclude any lease incentives received. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Leases with a term of 12 months or less are not recognized on the balance sheets. The Company’s leases do not contain any residual value guarantees. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company accounts for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component for all its leases.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets consist primarily of property and equipment. When events or circumstances indicate the carrying value of a long-lived asset may be impaired, the Company estimates the future undiscounted cash flows to be derived from the use and eventual disposition of the asset to assess whether or not a potential impairment exists. If the carrying value exceeds the estimate of future undiscounted cash flows, the impairment is calculated as the excess of the carrying value of the asset over the estimate of its fair value. Fair value is determined primarily using the estimated cash flows discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk involved. No long-lived asset impairment was recognized during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2025 or 2024.

Product Warranties

The Company sells the majority of its products with conditional repair or replacement warranties. Expion360’s branded LiFePO₄ recreational batteries are covered by limited warranties that extend up to twelve years from the date of sale, with coverage levels that gradually decrease over time. The Company’s branded accessories, such as DC chargers and battery mounting kits, generally carry a two-year limited warranty from the date of sale. The Company estimates its potential liability for warranty claims based on historical experience and the actual volume of claims received. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company has not recorded a liability for product warranties, as warranty claims have historically been infrequent and any related repair or replacement costs have been immaterial.

Liability for Refunds

The Company does not have a formal product return policy but does accept returns under its warranty policies. Returns have historically been minimal. The Company has not accrued a refund liability as of September 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024. If a refund liability was recognized, revenue would be recorded net of this amount. Any returns of discontinued product are not added back to inventory and therefore related costs are nominal and not recorded as an asset.

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s revenue is generated from the sale of products consisting primarily of batteries and accessories. The Company recognizes revenue when control of goods or services is transferred to its customers in an amount that reflects the consideration it is expected to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The Company recognizes revenue based on the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligation(s) in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligation(s) in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the performance obligation(s) is satisfied. Revenue is recognized when the customer obtains control of the promised goods and the Company’s performance obligation is considered satisfied. As such, accounts receivable is recorded at the time of shipment or will call, when the Company’s right to payment from the customer becomes unconditional and the Company determines there are no uncertainties regarding payment terms or transfer of control.

Concentration of Major Customers

A customer is considered a major customer when net revenue attributable to the customer exceeds 10% of total revenue for the period, or the accounts receivable balance attributable to the customer exceeds 10% of total accounts receivables.

During the three months ended September 30, 2025, sales to three customers totaled $1,234,214, comprising approximately 52% of total sales. These three customers represented 61% of total accounts receivable as of September 30, 2025. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, sales to four customers totaled $4,573,326, comprising approximately 62% of total sales. These customers represented 62% of total accounts receivable as of September 30, 2025.

During the three months ended September 30, 2024, sales to four customers totaled $553,207, comprising approximately 46% of total sales. These customers represented 45% of total accounts receivable, and one additional customer represented 13% of accounts receivable as of September 30, 2024. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, sales to one customer totaled $466,463, comprising approximately 14% of total sales. This customer had a credit balance on accounts as of September 30, 2024. Three additional customers represented 55% of total accounts receivable as of September 30, 2024.

Shipping and Handling Costs

Shipping and handling fees billed to customers totaled $9,254 and $31,993 during the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $36,938 and $83,882 during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and are classified as net sales on the statements of operations. Shipping and handling costs for shipping product to customers totaled $113,052 and $75,003 during the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $255,652 and $177,697 during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and are classified as selling, general, and administrative expense on the statements of operations.

Advertising and Marketing Costs

The Company expenses advertising and marketing costs as incurred. Advertising and marketing expenses totaled $256,852 and $242,515 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $746,051 and $710,898 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and are included in selling, general and administrative expense on the statements of operations.

Research and Development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs charged to expense amounted to $74,209 and $68,617 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $296,387 and $228,782 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the statements of operations.

Income Taxes

The Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of exiting assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets, including tax loss and credit carryforwards, and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that included the enactment date. Deferred income tax expense represents the change during the period in the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company accounts for its financial assets and liabilities in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement. ASC Topic 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value, as follows:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that are accessible at the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs.

Level 2: Observable prices that are based on inputs not quoted on active markets but corroborated by market data. These inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted market prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs are used when little or no market data is available. The fair value hierarchy gives the lowest priority to Level 3 inputs. In determining fair value, we utilize valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible, as well as consider counterparty credit risk in the assessment of fair value.

The Company’s financial instruments consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and long-term debt. The fair value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximates their respective carrying values because of the short-term nature of those instruments. The fair value of the long-term debt approximates its respective carrying values because the interest rates applicable to these instruments approximate market rates available to the Company for similar obligations with the same maturities.

Basic and Diluted Net Income / (Loss) Per Share

The basic net earnings or loss per share is calculated by dividing the net earnings or loss by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings or loss per share adjusts the basic earnings or loss per share for the potentially dilutive impact of securities (e.g., options and warrants).

We calculate basic and diluted net earnings or loss per share using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the periods presented. For the diluted earnings per share calculation, we adjust the weighted average number of common shares outstanding to include stock options, warrants, unvested restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and shares associated with the conversion of any convertible notes or convertible preferred stock, in each case as applicable. We use the if-converted method for calculating any potential dilutive effect of convertible notes and convertible preferred stock on diluted net earnings or loss per share. For periods in which we have a net loss position, we exclude these potentially dilutive securities from the weighted average number of shares because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive. Accordingly, for periods in which we have a net loss position, basic and diluted net loss per share are the same.

The following shows the amounts used in computing net income / (loss) per share:

Schedule of net loss per share
	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024			2025			2024
Net income / (loss)	$	722,792	$	(8,814,657	)	$	(1,798,066	)	$	(13,227,828	)

Net income / (loss) per share:
Basic	$	0.12	$	(24.55	)	$	(0.43	)	$	(78.63	)
Diluted	$	0.10	$	(24.55	)	$	(0.43	)	$	(78.63	)

Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic		5,995,776		358,990			4,157,417			168,219
Diluted		7,567,322		358,990			4,157,417			168,219

As of September 30, 2025, the Company had outstanding warrants, options, and RSUs exercisable for or convertible into an aggregate of 1,589,511 shares of common stock.

The following table sets forth the number of shares excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share since their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

Schedule of anti-dilutive share
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
2021-2023 Warrants		6,639		6,639		6,639		6,639
August 2024 Warrants – Series A		—		901,943		901,943		901,943
August 2024 Warrants – Series B		—		2,132		2,132		2,132
January 2025 Warrants		—		449,193		449,193		449,193
Stock Options		11,326		214,604		214,604		214,604
RSUs		—		15,000		15,000		15,000
Total		17,965		1,589,511		1,589,511		1,589,511

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation, which requires compensation costs to be recognized at grant date fair value over the requisite service period of each of the awards. The Company recognizes forfeitures of awards as they occur.

The fair value of stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes-Merton (“Black-Scholes”) option-pricing model. Certain assumptions are made regarding the components of the model, including risk-free interest rate, volatility, expected dividend yield, and expected life of the stock option. Changes to these assumptions could cause significant adjustments to the valuations.

Accounting Guidance Issued but Not Yet Adopted

In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2024-03, “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40).” This ASU was issued to improve the disclosures about an entity’s expenses and require certain types of expenses to be disclosed individually. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its financial statements.

3. Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment consist of the following:

Schedule of property and equipment
	As of
	September 30, 2025			December 31, 2024

Vehicles and transportation equipment	$	299,014		$	406,013
Manufacturing equipment		168,099			168,099
Office furniture and equipment		153,698			153,698
Warehouse equipment		72,964			72,964
Leasehold improvements		69,725			69,725
QA equipment		43,582			43,582
		807,082			914,081

Less: accumulated depreciation		(453,857	)		(430,191	)
Property and equipment, net	$	353,225		$	483,890

Depreciation expense was $26,400 and $45,010 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Depreciation expense was $91,642 and $139,876 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. There were disposals and sales of fixed assets during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 resulting in the net cash received of $4,250 and $132,611, respectively, and a fixed asset was transferred in exchange for services rendered valued at $21,420 during the nine months ended September 30, 2025. As a result of disposals and sales of fixed assets, the Company recognized a loss of $0 and $146,454 during the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $13,353 and $146,760 during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

4. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following:

Schedule of accrued expenses and other current liabilities
	As of September 30, 2025		As of December 31, 2024
Accrued salaries and payroll liabilities	$	105,514	$	145,686
Accrued commissions		48,069		30,913
Accrued interest		144		760
Accrued income taxes		113		150
Deferred income and deposit (sublease)		—		4,549
Other		586		5,406
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	154,426	$	187,464

5. Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt consisted of the following as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Schedule of long term debt payment
	September 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
Note payable – Bank: The notes are payable in monthly installments of $332, including interest at 5.8% per annum, mature in August 2025, and are secured by equipment. This note was repaid in full in August 2025.	$	—		$	2,657
Note payable – SBA: The Economic Injury Disaster Loan is payable in monthly installments of $731, including interest at 3.75% per annum, matures in May 2050, and is unsecured.		140,291			143,144
Notes payable – GM Financial: The Company acquired six notes payable to GM Financial for vehicles in April 2022. As of September 30, 2025, the notes are payable in aggregate monthly installments of $2,560, including interest at rates ranging from 6.14% to 7.29% per annum, mature at various dates from October 2027 to May of 2028, and are secured by the related vehicles.		65,284			84,369
Total	$	205,575		$	230,170
Less current portion		(30,553	)		(31,758	)
Long-term debt, net of unamortized debt discount and current portion	$	175,022		$	198,412

Future maturities of long-term debt are as follows:

Schedule of maturities of long-term debt
12 Months Ending September 30,
2026	$	30,553
2027		32,610
2028		13,164
2029		3,965
2030		4,116
Thereafter		121,167
Total	$	205,575

6. Stockholder Promissory Notes

The Company previously issued unsecured promissory notes to certain stockholders (the “Notes”). As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had no outstanding principal balance due to pursuant to the Notes. The Notes were fully repaid in August 2024.

Interest paid to stockholders under the Notes totaled $0 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, and $7,364 and $42,862 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. There was no accrued interest as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 related to the Notes.

7. Equity and Debt Financings

January 2025 Public Offering

In January 2025, the Company sold in a public offering (i) 474,193 shares of common stock, (ii) pre-funded warrants to purchase 574,193 shares of common stock, which were exercised immediately for $2.48 per share upon closing, and (iii) warrants to purchase 1,048,386 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.36 per share (the “January 2025 Warrants” and, such offering, the “January 2025 Public Offering”) for aggregate gross proceeds of $2,599,997. Net proceeds from this offering, after related costs, totaled $1,779,557.

The fair value of the January 2025 Warrants was determined at the date of issuance using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and following assumptions: a per share price of common stock on date of grant of $2.22, expected dividend yield of 0%, expected volatility of 158.64%, risk-free interest rate of 4.41% and expected life of five years. The warrants were valued at $2.064 per share, with a total value of $2,163,869.

The offering of the shares of common stock and pre-funded warrants in the January 2025 Public Offering was made pursuant to an effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-272956), which the Company filed with the SEC on June 27, 2023 and was declared effective on July 10, 2023 (the “Shelf Registration Statement”). The offering of the January 2025 Warrants was made pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-284354), which the Company filed with the SEC on January 17, 2025 and was declared effective on February 11, 2025.

On August 14, 2025, the Company entered into inducement offer letter agreements with certain holders of the January 2025 Warrants, which reduced the exercise price of the January 2025 Warrants from $2.36 per share to $1.31 per share in exchange for the prompt exercise by such holders of the warrants for cash (the “Warrant Inducement”). As a result, an aggregate of 599,193 January 2025 Warrants were exercised, resulting in the issuance of an aggregate of 599,193 shares of common stock, resulting in net proceeds to the Company of $784,943. On August 22, 2025, the Company’s board of directors took action to permanently reduce the exercise price of the January 2025 Warrants from $2.36 per share to $1.31 per share (the “Exercise Price Reduction” and, together with the Warrant Inducement, the “Warrant Adjustments”). As of September 30, 2025, 449,193 January 2025 Warrants remain outstanding.

Reverse Stock Split Cash True-Up Payment

On October 8, 2024, the Company effected a 1-for-100 reverse stock split (the “Reverse Stock Split”) of its issued and outstanding common stock, which was approved by the Company’s board of directors on September 27, 2024, following stockholder approval at the Company’s annual meeting of stockholders held on September 27, 2024 (the “2024 Annual Meeting”).

As a result of the lowest daily volume weighted average price (“VWAP”) of the common stock during the five trading days before and after the Reverse Stock Split, a Reverse Stock Split cash true-up payment provision in the Series A Warrants, which is capped at $5.0 million in the aggregate under all Series A Warrants (as described under the section entitled “—August 2024 Public Offering” below), was triggered, but the payment of the Reverse Stock Split cash true-up payment was suspended in accordance with the terms of the Series A Warrants (the “Cash True-up Payment”).

During the year ended December 31, 2024, $14,052 of the Cash True-up Payment was relieved in connection with the exercise of certain Series A Warrants, leaving a remaining liability of $4,985,948 as of December 31, 2024. The Company used $500,000 of the net proceeds from the January 2025 Public Offering to satisfy a portion of the Cash True-up Payment, leaving a remaining liability of $4,485,948 as of June 30, 2025.

On August 14, 2025, in connection with the Warrant Inducement, the Company also entered into inducement offer letter agreements with certain holders of the Series A Warrants, which reduced the exercise price of the Series A Warrants from $5.206 per share to $1.31 per share, removing the Cash True-up Payment requirement. As a result of the Warrant Adjustments, the remaining Cash True-up Payment liability of $4,485,948 is no longer payable, and was recorded as a credit to Other income / (expense) on the Statement of Operations for the three and nine months ending September 30, 2025.

August 2024 Public Offering

On August 8, 2024, the Company sold in a public offering (i) 33,402,000 Common Units (pre-Reverse Stock Split), each consisting of one share of common stock, two Series A Warrants and one Series B Warrant, and (ii) 16,598,000 Pre-Funded Units (pre-Reverse Stock Split), each consisting of one Pre-Funded Warrant, two Series A Warrants, and one Series B Warrant (the “August 2024 Public Offering”).

In addition, the Company granted the underwriter a 45-day option to purchase additional shares of common stock and/or Pre-Funded Warrants and/or Series A Warrants and/or Series B Warrants, representing up to 15% of the number of the respective securities sold in the August 2024 Public Offering, solely to cover over-allotments, if any. The underwriter partially exercised its over-allotment option with respect to 15,000,000 Series A Warrants (pre-Reverse Stock Split) and 7,500,000 Series B Warrants (pre-Reverse Stock Split).

The Common Units were sold at a price of $0.20 per unit and the Pre-Funded Warrants were sold at a price of $0.199 per unit (pre-Reverse Stock Split).

The Pre-Funded Warrants were immediately exercisable at an exercise price of $0.001 per share (pre-Reverse Stock Split) and could be exercised at any time until all Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, all Pre-Funded Warrants had been exercised.

Each Series A Warrant is exercisable at any time or times beginning on September 30, 2024, which was the first trading day following the Company’s notice to the Series A Warrant holders of stockholder approval received at the 2024 Annual Meeting, and will expire five years from such date. Each Series A Warrant was initially exercisable at an exercise price of $24.00 per share of common stock (post-Reverse Stock Split). The exercise price of the Series A Warrants was subject to reduction on the 11th trading day after stockholder approval to the greater of the lowest VWAP during the ten trading day period following stockholder approval and the floor price of $5.206 (representing 20% of the lower of the closing price of the common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market on the date the Company priced the August 2024 Public Offering and the average closing price of the common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market for the five trading days ending on such date (such lower price, without giving effect to such 20% reduction, the “Nasdaq Minimum Price”), and the number of shares issuable upon exercise was proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate exercise price remained unchanged. As of September 30, 2024, there were 5,301,592 shares of common stock (post-Reverse Stock Split and assuming the adjustment had occurred on September 30, 2024) issuable upon exercise of the Series A Warrants. Subsequent to September 30, 2024, the exercise price under the Series A Warrants was reduced to the floor price of $5.206 (representing 20% of the Nasdaq Minimum Price, post-Reverse Stock Split), beginning on October 14, 2024, the 11th trading day following stockholder approval.

On August 14, 2025, in connection with the Warrant Inducement, the exercise price of the Series A Warrants was reduced to $1.31 per share in exchange for the prompt exercise by such holders of the warrants for cash. As a result, an aggregate of 95,112,212 Series A Warrants were exercised, resulting in the issuance of an aggregate of 4,384,749 shares of common stock, resulting in net proceeds to the Company of $4,918,695. On August 22, 2025, in connection with the Exercise Price Reduction, the Company’s board of directors took action to permanently reduce the exercise price of the Series Warrants from $5.206 per share to $1.31 per share. As of September 30, 2025, Series A Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 901,943 shares of common stock remain outstanding.

Each Series B Warrant was exercisable immediately upon issuance at an exercise price of $0.10 per share (post-Reverse Stock Split). The number of shares of common stock issuable under the Series B Warrants were subject to adjustment using a reset price based on the weighted average price of common stock over a rolling five-trading-day period between the issuance date of the Class B Warrants and the close of trading on the tenth trading day following stockholder approval, subject to certain floor prices. Effective October 8, 2024, the Reverse Stock Split occurred. As of November 12, 2024, 87,384 shares of common stock remained issuable upon exercise of Series B Warrants using the reset price, which was reduced to the floor price of $5.206 (representing 20% of the Nasdaq Minimum Price (post-Reverse Stock Split).

Pursuant to an underwriting agreement, the Company paid the underwriter a cash underwriting discount of 7% of gross proceeds received in the August 2024 Public Offering, reimbursement for underwriter expenses of $100,000, and reimbursement for legal fees and disbursements of $100,000.

In July 2025, 85,252 shares of common stock were issued upon exercise of Series B warrants, resulting in net proceeds to the Company of $8,525. As of September 30, 2025, there were 2,132 shares issuable upon exercise of the remaining Series B warrants.

The offering of securities in the August 2024 Public Offering was made pursuant to the Shelf Registration Statement.

Convertible Note Financing

On December 27, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with 3i, LP (“3i”), pursuant to which the Company sold and 3i purchased: (i) a senior unsecured convertible note issued in the aggregate principal amount of $2,750,000, with a 10.0% original issue discount and an interest rate of 9.0% per annum (the “3i Note”), (ii) up to $247,500 in newly issued shares of common stock (the “Interest Shares”), which were payable, subject to the fulfillment of certain conditions set forth in the 3i Note, to satisfy interest payments under the 3i Note, and (iii) 635 shares of common stock issued to 3i as consideration for its commitment to purchase the 3i Note (collectively, the “Convertible Note Financing”). The gross proceeds to the Company from the Convertible Note Financing were $2,500,000.

The offering of securities in the Convertible Note Financing was made pursuant to the Shelf Registration Statement.

On August 8, 2024, in connection with the closing of the August 2024 Public Offering, the Company repaid the 3i Note, and the Company’s obligations under the 3i Note were fully satisfied and discharged.

Equity Line of Credit

On December 27, 2023, the Company entered into a common stock purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Tumim Stone Capital, LLC (“Tumim”), pursuant to which the Company had the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Tumim, and Tumim was obligated to purchase, up to the lesser of (a) $20,000,000 in aggregate gross purchase price of newly issued common stock, and (b) the Exchange Cap (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) (the “Equity Line of Credit”).

In connection with the Equity Line of Credit, the Company filed a Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-276663) with the SEC on January 23, 2024, which was declared effective on February 9, 2024, registering the securities to be sold thereunder, if any.

In connection with the August 2024 Public Offering, the Company and Tumim mutually agreed to terminate the Equity Line of Credit, effective immediately upon the closing of the August 2024 Public Offering. Prior to the closing of the August 2024 Public Offering, the Company had sold 4,336 shares of common stock (post-Reverse Stock Split) under the Equity Line of Credit for an aggregate amount of $828,491, of which $434,958 was used to repay a portion of the balance under the 3i Note.

8. Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Leases

The Company leases its warehouses and office space under long-term lease arrangements. None of its leases include characteristics specified in ASC 842, Leases, that require classification as financing leases, and accordingly, these leases are accounted for as operating leases. The Company does not recognize an ROU asset and lease liability for short-term leases, which have terms of 12 months or less. For longer-term lease arrangements that are recognized on the Company’s balance sheets, the ROU asset and lease liability are initially measured at the commencement date based upon the present values of the lease payments due under the leases.

The implicit interest rates of the Company’s lease arrangements are generally not readily determinable and as such, the Company applies an IBR, which is established based upon the information available at the lease commencement date, to determine the present value of lease payments due under the arrangement. Under ASC 842, the IBR for leases must be (1) a rate of interest over a similar term, and (2) for an amount that is equal to the lease payments. The Company uses both the Federal Reserve Economic Data U.S. corporate debt effective yield and the U.S. Treasury rates adjusted for credit spread as the primary data points for purposes of determining the IBR.

In the first quarter of 2022, the Company entered into two new long-term, non-cancelable operating lease agreements for office and warehouse space resulting in the Company recognizing an additional lease liability totaling $2,348,509, representing the present value of the lease payments discounted using an effective interest rate of 8.07% and 8.86%, and corresponding ROU assets of $2,348,509. The leases initially expired in December 2026 and December 2028. One of the leases terminated early in September of 2024, to consolidate our warehouses and save on monthly expenses.

In the first quarter of 2021, the Company entered into a long-term, non-cancelable operating lease agreement for office and warehouse space resulting in the Company recognizing an additional lease liability totaling $1,268,089, representing the present value of the lease payments discounted using an effective interest rate of 7.47% and a corresponding ROU asset of $1,268,089. The lease expires in January 2028 and contains one three-year option to renew.

The Company signed a lease for warehouse space in close proximity to its existing headquarters and main warehouse with a term commencing May 1, 2025.

The following is a summary of total lease costs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

Schedule of lease cost
	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024			2025			2024
Operating lease cost	$	93,793	$	152,877		$	265,538		$	526,538
Short-term lease costs		597		206			3,055			206
Variable lease costs		—		—			—			—
Sublease income		—		(10,753	)		(7,169	)		(32,051	)
Total lease costs	$	94,390	$	142,330		$	261,424		$	494,693

The weighted-average remaining lease term was 2.30 years and 2.91 years as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The weighted average IBR was 8.97% and 7.60%, as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

The total lease liability as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $787,625 and $798,917, respectively.

The following is a maturity analysis of the annual undiscounted cash flows of the operating lease liabilities as of September 30, 2025, for years ending September 30:

Schedule of future minimum lease payment
	Total
2026	$	385,333
2027		351,469
2028		134,439
Thereafter		—
Total future minimum lease payments	$	871,241
Less imputed interest		(83,616	)
Total	$	787,625

Current lease liability	$	327,683
Noncurrent lease liability		459,942
Total	$	787,625

Subleases

The Company has subleased office and warehouse space under one of its existing operating leases on similar terms as the Company’s lease agreements. The sublease terminated in February 2025 and there was no remaining income due or liabilities associated with subleases as of September 30, 2025.

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Company is subject to legal claims, regulatory matters and contingencies in the ordinary course of business. Accruals for these matters are reflected in the financial statements based on management’s assessment of the expected outcome of these matters. Liabilities for estimated losses are accrued if the potential losses from any legal proceedings, regulatory matters or contingencies are considered probable and the amounts can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment is required in both the determination of probability of loss and the determination as to whether the amount can be reasonably estimated. Accruals are based only on information available at the time of the assessment due to the uncertain nature of such matters. As additional information becomes available, management reassesses potential liabilities related to legal claims, regulatory matters and contingencies, and may revise its previous estimates, which could materially affect the Company’s results of operations.

Except as set forth under Part II, Item 1, “Legal Proceedings” in this Quarterly Report, as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company was not a party to any legal proceedings, regulatory matters, or other disputes or claims which, if determined adversely, would, individually or taken together, have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity, or future prospects.

9. Stockholders’ Equity

The Company is authorized to issue an aggregate of 220,000,000 shares of capital stock, par value $0.001 per share, consisting of 200,000,000 shares of common stock and 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock.

A holder of common stock is entitled to one vote for each share of common stock. The holders of common stock have no conversion, redemption or preemptive rights and shall be entitled to receive dividends when, as, and if declared by the board of directors. Upon dissolution, liquidation, or winding up of the Company, after payment or provision for payment of debts and other liabilities of the Company, subject to the rights, if any, of the holders of any class or series stock having a preference over the right to participate with common stock with respect to the distribution of assets of the Company upon such dissolution, liquidation, or winding up of the Company, the holders of common stock shall be entitled to receive the remaining assets of the Company available for distribution to its stockholders ratably in proportion to the number of shares of common stock held.

Since no shares of preferred stock have been issued, no rights and privileges of preferred stockholders have been defined.

In September 2025, the Company issued 200,000 unregistered shares of common stock to a vendor in exchange for services rendered, and recorded $242,000 expense in Legal and Professional Fees.

In August 2025, 4,384,749 shares of common stock were issued upon exercise of Series A Warrants, and 599,193 shares of common stock were issued upon exercise of January 2025 Warrants. See“Note 7—Equity and Debt Financings—January 2025 Public Offering” for more information regarding the January 2025 Public Offering.

In July 2025, 85,252 shares of common stock were issued upon exercise of Series B Warrants.

In April 2025, the Company issued 105,000 RSUs that were immediately vested and settled into 105,000 shares of common stock as part of the 2021 Incentive Award Plan (the “2021 Plan”), and 125,000 shares were granted to a vendor as payment for services rendered. Expenses of $80,850 in stock-based compensation and $106,250 in legal and professional fees were recorded for these two transactions, respectively.

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, 8,643,662 and 2,096,082 shares, respectively, of common stock were issued and outstanding. No shares of preferred stock have been issued.

Warrants / Options

In the January 2025 Public Offering, the Company issued pre-funded warrants, which were immediately exercised for 574,193 shares of common stock at $2.48 per share, and 1,048,386 January 2025 Warrants at an exercise price of $2.36 per share. In August 2025, as part of the Warrant Inducement, the Company issued 599,193 shares of common stock upon exercise of the January 2025 Warrants for a price of $1.31 per share. As of September 30, 2025, 449,193 of the January 2025 Warrants remain outstanding.

In 2024, 8,125,000 Series B Warrants exercisable for 496,232 shares at $0.10 per share were exercised using the cashless conversion option which resulted in the issuance of 215,678 shares of common stock (based on a $5.206 reset price). Another 46,300,000 Series B Warrants were exercised on a cash basis which resulted in the issuance of 1,078,689 shares of common stock (based on a $5.206 reset price). In July 2025, 3,000,000 warrants were exercised on a cash basis, which resulted in the issuance of 85,252 shares. In 2024, 323,203 Series A Warrants were exercised on a cash basis which resulted in the issuance of 14,900 of common stock. In August 2025, as part of the Warrant Inducement, the exercise price of the Series A Warrants was reduced to $1.31 per share, and 4,384,749 shares were issued upon exercise of 95,112,212 warrants. As of September 30, 2025, there are 19,564,585 Series A Warrants exercisable for 901,943 shares and 75,000 Series B Warrants exercisable for 2,132 shares outstanding.

In 2023, the Company issued 25,000 warrants to purchase 250 shares of common stock, at an exercise price of $500.00 per share, to its investor relations firm in accordance with an engagement letter. All 25,000 warrants expired August 9, 2025 without being exercised.

In 2022, the Company issued 148,005 warrants to purchase 1,490 shares of common stock, at an exercise price of $910.00 per share, with an expiration date of March 31, 2027. As part of a settlement agreement on May 2, 2024, the Company agreed to modify the exercise price of 88,803 warrants convertible into 891 shares from $910.00 to $450.00. As of September 30, 2025, all warrants with an exercise price of $910.00 and $450.00 remain outstanding.

Below is a summary of warrants issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2025:

Schedule of various warrants/options issued and outstanding
Number of Warrants			Issuable Shares		Exercise Price per Share			Weighted Average Remaining Life (Years)
	75,000	(1)		2,132	$	0.10			N/A	(2)
	449,193			449,193	$	1.31	(3)		4.26
	19,564,585	(4)		901,943	$	1.31	(5)		3.99
	514,290			5,149	$	332.00			6.14
	88,803			891	$	450.00			1.5
	59,202			599	$	910.00			1.5
	20,751,073			1,359,907

	(1)	Reflects Series B Warrants, which are subject to reset pricing to determine the number of shares issuable.
	(2)	Series B Warrants do not have an expiration date.
	(3)	Reflects January 2025 Warrants, which were part of the Warrant Inducement, and their exercise price was reduced from $2.36 to $1.31 per share.
	(4)	Reflects Series A Warrants, which are subject to reset pricing to determine the number of shares issuable.
	(5)	The Series A Warrants were part of the Warrant Inducement, and their exercise price was reduced from $5.206 to $1.31 per share.

Warrant Inducement and Repricing

On August 14, 2025, the Company entered into an inducement offer letter agreements with certain holders of the Series A Warrants and the January 2025 Warrants, which reduced the exercise price of the Series A Warrants from $5.206 to $1.31 per share, and the January 2025 Warrants from $2.36 to $1.31 per share. The difference between the fair value of the warrants immediately prior to modification and immediately after modification was treated as a transaction cost, which is netted against proceeds received. The difference in fair value for the Series A Warrants was $1,423,166, and the difference in fair value for the January 2025 warrants was $97,746. Both were calculated using the Black-Scholes model and were based on the following assumptions:

Schedule of assumptions
Warrant	Stock Price	Remaining Life (Years)	Volatility	Risk-Free Rate	Dividend
Series A	$2.02	4.12	129.9%	3.78%	—
January 2025	$2.02	4.39	129.9%	3.77%	—

During August 2025, 4,384,749 shares were issued upon exercise of Series A Warrants, and 599,193 shares were issued upon exercise of January 2025 Warrants, and the difference in fair value was netted against the gross proceeds along with other issuance costs.

Equity Plans

As of September 30, 2025, the Company had adopted two stock-based compensation plans, the 2021 Plan and the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2021 ESPP”).

2021 Incentive Award Plan

The purpose of the 2021 Plan is to enhance the Company’s ability to attract, retain and motivate persons who make (or are expected to make) important contributions to the Company by providing these individuals with equity ownership opportunities. Various stock-based awards may be granted under the 2021 Plan to eligible employees, consultants, and non-employee directors.

During the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 respectively, 0 and 386 shares were issued pursuant to the 2021 Plan.

At the Company’s 2025 annual meeting of stockholders, stockholders approved the addition of 750,000 shares to the 2021 Plan. As of September 30, 2025, the aggregate number of shares that can be issued under the 2021 Plan is 872,762, of which 214,604 options and 120,649 RSUs have been granted.

The stock-based compensation expense that has been charged against operations for awards issued under the 2021 Plan was $267,887 and $106,604 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $451,837 and $545,527 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The purpose of the 2021 ESPP is to assist eligible employees of the Company in acquiring a stock ownership in the Company and to help such employees provide for their future security and to encourage them to remain in the employment of the Company. The 2021 ESPP consists of a Section 423 component and non-Section 423 component. The Section 423 component is intended to qualify as an employee stock purchase plan and authorizes the grant of options. Options granted under the non-Section 423 Component are granted pursuant to separate offerings containing sub-plans. Option awards are generally granted with an exercise price equal to 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of a share on (a) the applicable grant date and (b) the applicable exercise date, or such other price as designated by the administrator, provided that in no event shall the option price be less that the per share par value price.

No shares have been issued to date under the 2021 ESPP.

See “Note 9—Stockholders’ Equity” in the Company’s financial statements in Part IV of the Annual Report for further information regarding the 2021 Plan and 2021 ESPP.

Stock Options

The fair value of each option granted pursuant to the 2021 Plan is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The option-pricing model requires a number of assumptions, of which the most significant are the expected stock price volatility and the expected option term. Expected volatility was calculated based upon similar traded companies’ historical share price movements as adequate historical Company trading experience is not available to provide a reasonable estimate. Expected term is calculated based on the simplified method as adequate historical experience is not available to provide a reasonable estimate. The simplified method will continue to apply until enough historical experience is available to provide a reasonable estimate of the expected term. The risk-free interest rate is calculated based on the yield from U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds with an equivalent term. The Company has historically not paid dividends and has no foreseeable plans to pay dividends.

The Company has computed the fair value of the options granted during the year ended December 31, 2024 using the following assumptions:

Schedule of fair value of assumptions
Expected volatility	124.35	%
Expected dividends	None
Expected term (in years)	5.42
Risk-free rate	4.08%

The Company has computed the fair value of the options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 using the following assumptions:

Expected volatility	106.4	%
Expected dividends	None
Expected term (in years)	5
Risk-free rate	3.96%

The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity during the three months ended September 30, 2025 under the 2021 Plan:

Schedule of stock option activity
	Number of options		Weighted average exercise price	Weighted average remaining contractual term (in years)		Aggregate intrinsic value
Outstanding at July 1, 2025	11,326	$	372.41	—	$	—	(1)
Granted	203,278		0.78	9.84		133,941.04
Exercised	—		—	—		—
Canceled	—		—	—		—
Outstanding at end of period	214,604	$	20.39	9.66	$	133,941.04
Exercisable at September 30, 2025	214,081	$	19.39	9.67	$	133,941.04

(1)

The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding and exercisable as of July 1, 2025 was $0, as all options are out of the money.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the weighted-average grant-date fair value of the options granted to employees and non-employees was $197,444 and $312,873, respectively. The options granted in March 2024 vested 50% at time of grant with the remaining shares vesting in 12 equal consecutive quarterly installments commencing September 30, 2024 and becoming fully vested on March 31, 2027. The options granted in July 2025 were 100% vested at the time of grant.

The Company granted 649 RSUs in 2024, 105,000 RSUs in April 2025, and 15,000 RSUs in July 2025, all of which were vested immediately. The 15,000 July 2025 RSUs had not settled as of September 30, 2025.

Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance

The following is a summary of shares of common stock reserved for future issuance as of September 30, 2025:

Schedule of common stock shares reserved for future issuance
Exercise of warrants		6,639
Exercise of stock options – 2021 Plan		214,604
Exercise of Series A Warrants		901,943
Exercise of Series B Warrants		2,132
Exercise of January 2025 Warrants		449,193
Settlement of RSUs		15,000
Total shares of common stock reserved for future issuances		1,589,511

10. Segment Reporting

The Company focuses on the design, assembly, manufacturing, and sale of LiFePO4 batteries and supporting accessories for RVs, marine applications and home energy storage products with plans to expand into industrial applications. The Company sells to wholesalers, distributors, and OEMs, as well as directly to consumers.

The Company has identified one reportable segment: Energy Storage. This segment generates revenue in North America, and the Company manages its product sales and associated expenses on a total basis. The accounting policies for this segment align with those outlined in the summary of significant accounting policies. The Chief Executive Officer is the Chief Operating Decision Maker (the “CODM”) and assesses the performance of this segment and allocates resources based on net income or loss, which is reflected on the statements of operations, and the measure of segment assets is represented as total assets on the balance sheets.

The CODM evaluates the net income or loss from our reportable segment. Net income or loss is also utilized to monitor the difference between budgeted and actual results, offering insights into financial performance and guiding any necessary corrective actions. Additionally, the CODM employs net income or loss for competitive analysis by comparing the Company’s financial performance with competitors in the Energy Storage space.

The Company does not engage in any intra-entity sales or transfers.

11. Income Taxes

The Company has incurred losses and consequently recorded no provision beyond the minimum or base tax rate for state or federal income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025

12. Related-Party Transactions

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, related-party transactions consisted of the repayment of the Notes. See “Note 6—Stockholder Promissory Notes” for additional information regarding the Notes.

13. Subsequent Events

Execution of Securities Purchase Agreement and Issuance of Pre-Funded Warrant

On October 16, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with two institutional investors pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell in a private placement (the “Private Placement”) an aggregate of (i) 613,077 shares of common stock, and (ii) a pre-funded warrant to purchase up to 144,498 shares of common stock. The offering price per share was $1.65 and the offering price per pre-funded warrant was $1.649, for aggregate net proceeds of approximately $1.1 million after deducting estimated offering expenses.

Resignation and Appointment of Officers and Directors

On October 16, 2025, in connection with the closing of the Private Placement and pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, Brian Schaffner, the Company’s former Chief Executive Officer and a member of the board of directors, resigned from his position as Chief Executive Officer, effective immediately, but retains his position as a member of the board of directors. In addition, in connection with the closing of the Private Placement and pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, Paul Shoun, the former President of the Company and Chairman of the Board, resigned from each of these positions, effective immediately.

The Company’s board of directors appointed Joseph Hammer as Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, effective immediately upon Messrs. Schaffner’s and Shoun’s resignations from such roles. Mr. Hammer will serve as a member of the board of directors until the Company’s annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2026 or until his successor is duly elected and qualified, or his earlier death, resignation, or removal. In connection with his appointment as Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Hammer entered into an employment agreement with the Company, pursuant to which, among other things, he is entitled to an annual base salary of $330,000 and eligible for an annual cash incentive bonus and equity awards, subject to certain conditions.

In addition, the board of directors appointed Scott Burell as a member of the board in connection with the closing of the Private Placement and pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. Mr. Burell will serve as a member of the Board until the Company’s annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2026 or until his successor is duly elected and qualified or his earlier death, resignation, or removal. Mr. Burell was appointed to serve on the Compensation Committee effective immediately upon his appointment.

With these recent changes and as part of an enhanced focus, the Company expects to expand the business beyond its current battery products. Such expansion may include related energy storage areas or extend into markets beyond energy.

Increase in Number of Directors

On October 16, 2025, the Company’s board of directors took action, pursuant to Article III, Section 3.2 of the Company’s Amended and Restated Bylaws, to increase the number of authorized directors on the board from five to six.

Issuance of RSUs

On October 16, 2025, in connection with the closing of the Private Placement and pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, 100,000 RSUs were granted to each of Brian Schaffner, Paul Shoun, Shawna Bowin, and Carson Heagen under the 2021 Plan, which vested and settled immediately upon issuance, resulting in the issuance of 400,000 shares of common stock.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the unaudited interim financial statements and related notes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, as well as our audited financial statements and related notes for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2025 (the “Annual Report”). Our future financial condition and results of operations, as well as any forward-looking statements, are subject to inherent risks and uncertainties that may adversely impact our operations and financial results. These risks and uncertainties are discussed in this Quarterly Report, including in Part II, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of this Quarterly Report and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Industry Data,” as well as in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of the Annual Report. Percentage amounts included in this section have not in all cases been calculated on the basis of rounded figures, but on the basis of such amounts prior to rounding. For this reason, percentage amounts in this section may vary from those obtained by performing the same calculations using the figures in our financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. Certain other amounts that appear in this section may not sum due to rounding.

Unless otherwise noted, all references to shares and per share amounts presented in this section have been adjusted retroactively to reflect a 1-for-100 reverse stock split, which was effective at 5:00 p.m. Pacific Time on October 8, 2024 (the “Reverse Stock Split”). See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Reverse Stock Split and Reverse Stock Split True-Up Payment” in the Annual Report for additional information about the Reverse Stock Split.

OVERVIEW

Expion360 focuses on the design, assembly, manufacturing, and sale of lithium iron phosphate (“LiFePO4”) batteries and supporting accessories for recreational vehicles (“RVs”), marine applications and home energy storage products with plans to expand into industrial applications. Our high-powered, lithium battery solutions incorporate innovative concepts and have been designed to include some of the most dense and minimal-footprint batteries in the RV and marine industries.

In January 2025 we began selling our e360 Home Energy Storage Solutions, which consist of two LiFePO4 battery storage solutions and are designed to provide consumers with a cost-effective, flexible system with low barrier of entry to power their homes utilizing solar energy, wind, or grid back-up. We are deploying multiple intellectual property strategies with research and product development to sustain and scale our business. This includes design, development and collaboration, using our IP to bring safety, quality and service to our customers. Our customers consist of direct consumers, dealers, wholesalers, private-label customers, and original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) who sell our products to end consumers and drive brand awareness nationally.

Our primary target markets are currently the RV, marine, and home energy storage industries. We believe we are well-positioned to capitalize on the continued market transition from lead-acid to lithium batteries as the primary method of power sourcing in these industries. We remain focused on expanding within the home energy storage market through the introduction of our e360 Home Energy Storage Solutions, and we believe we have established a new standard in the industry for price, flexibility, and integration with this offering. In addition, we are evaluating opportunities to extend our technology into adjacent applications, including the expanding electric forklift and industrial material handling markets.

We launched our e360 product line, which is manufactured for the RV and marine industries, in December 2020. The e360 product line, through its sales growth, has shown to be a preferred conversion solution for lead-acid batteries. In December 2023, we announced our entrance into the home energy storage market with our introduction of two LiFePO4 battery storage solutions that enable residential and small business customers to create their own stable micro-energy grid and lessen the impact of increasing power fluctuations and outages. We began shipping orders of our e360 Home Energy Storage Solutions in early 2025.

In recent months, we have undertaken a leadership transition designed to support our next phase of operational and strategic growth. In September 2025, the board of directors appointed Shawna Bowin, the Company’s previous Controller, as Chief Financial Officer, and in October 2025, the board of directors appointed Joseph Hammer, a veteran financial executive and director as Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors, and appointed Scott Burell, a veteran financial executive and director, to the Board of Directors. These changes reflect management’s intent to strengthen our financial, operational, and strategic execution capabilities. Under the direction of this new leadership, we intend to build upon our existing foundation in lithium-ion battery technology to pursue selective growth initiatives. Management is focused on increasing OEM market penetration, advancing product development for home energy storage solutions, and exploring potential expansion into related energy storage or adjacent markets, or into areas beyond energy, where our design, manufacturing, and distribution capabilities may be leveraged.

Our products provide numerous advantages for various industries that are looking to migrate to lithium-based energy storage. They incorporate detailed-oriented design and engineering, strong case materials, and internal and structural layouts, and are backed by responsive customer service.

We currently operate Expion360 as one reportable business segment, Energy Storage.

COMPETITIVE STRENGTHS

We believe the following strengths differentiate Expion360 and create long-term, sustainable competitive advantages:

Superior Capacity to Lead-Acid Competitors

Lead-acid batteries have historically been the standard in RV and marine transportation vehicles, but these industries are experiencing a rapid conversion from lead-acid to lithium batteries as the primary method of power sourcing. Our lithium-ion batteries offer superior capacity to our lead-acid competitors with an expected lifespan of approximately 12 years—three to four times the lifespan of certain lead-acid batteries—and ten times the number of charging cycles. Furthermore, our typical battery may provide three times the power of the typical, lead-acid battery despite being half the weight (comparing, for example, a typical lead-acid battery like the Renogy Deep Cycle AGM, which is rated at 100Ah, to our own LFP 100Ah battery and assuming slow discharge at a 1C rate).

In addition, we offer a 4.5 Ah 26650 lithium-ion phosphate battery cell, which allows us to increase energy density by over 32% compared to traditional 3.4 Ah 26650 cells.

Expansion into New Markets

Our proprietary e360 SmartTalk mobile app is included in many of our battery models and allows the seamless integration and management of e360 Bluetooth-enabled LiFePO4 batteries. The technology enables users to wirelessly monitor and manage e360 batteries, providing a comprehensive view of both individual battery conditions and performance, and a power bank consisting of multiple e360 batteries. The 48 Volt GC2 LiFePO4 battery was our first e360 SmartTalk Battery for powering electric golf carts and other light electric vehicles.

In December 2023, we entered the home energy storage market with our introduction of two LiFePO4 battery storage solutions comprising our e360 Home Energy Storage Solution: a wall mounted all-in-one inverter and 10kWh battery and an expandable server rack style battery cabinet system. We believe our new home energy storage product line will benefit from a fast-growing battery energy storage market, which is forecasted by Markets and Markets to grow at a 26.4% CAGR to reach $17.5 billion by 2028. Further, according to Clean Energy Group, approximately 3.2 million homes in the United States have solar panels installed, but only about 6.0% of residential solar systems have battery storage. Our home energy storage products are currently completing UL testing and certification, as well as other requirements for various Authorities Having Jurisdiction. Shipments of our two LiFePO4 battery solutions comprising our home energy storage product line began in January 2025.

In January 2024, we introduced our next generation 12V GC2 and Group 27 series LiFePO4 batteries. These new versions include higher amp-hour options (4.0Ah and 4.5Ah cell technology) and the latest advancements in power technology features, including Expion360’s proprietary Vertical Heat Conduction™ internal heating, Bluetooth®, and controller area network (CANBus) communication. We began delivering the new 12V GC2 and Group 27 batteries to customers in the second quarter of 2024.

In July 2024, we launched our new Edge battery, which offers a slim design and adds greater flexibility during installation. The Edge is offered in both 12V and 48V versions. We are experiencing high customer interest and are actively shipping Edge batteries.

Strong National Retail Customers and Distribution Channels

We have sales relationships with many major RV and marine retailers and plan to use our strong reputation in the lithium battery space to create an even stronger distribution channel. Current and former members of management have used their decades of experience in the energy and RV industries to cultivate relationships with numerous retailers in the space, including Camping World, a leading national RV retailer.

KEY FACTORS AFFECTING OUR RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Our results of operations and financial performance are significantly dependent on the following factors:

Consumer Demand

Although our sales are primarily generated from dealers, wholesalers, private-label customers and OEMs focused on the RV, marine, and home energy markets, the demand for our products from these customers depends on consumer demand. Our sales are completed on a purchase order basis, and most are without firm, long-term revenue commitments or sales arrangements, which we expect to continue going forward. Accordingly, our growth prospects and future sales are subject to risks and uncertainties related in part to consumer demand for our products, which is affected by a number of factors, including fuel costs, discretionary spending, macroeconomic conditions, including inflation, changes in tariffs and interest rates, geopolitical pressures, and volatility in the RV, marine, and home energy markets. In recent years we have seen a rise in fuel costs, higher interest rates, and other changes in macroeconomic conditions, which have resulted in decreased consumer spending decisions and affected our industry as a whole. In addition, we expect continuing tensions between the U.S. and China, where several of our key manufacturers and suppliers are located, as well as the ongoing risk of new or additional tariffs impacting lithium-ion batteries or related parts, to increase our cost of goods sold, which could require us to increase prices to our customers or result in lower gross margins on our products. These conditions have had, and may continue to have, a negative effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

While RV and marine applications have historically driven our revenue, in January 2025, we began shipping orders of our e360 Home Energy Storage Solution, comprised of two LiFePO4 battery storage solutions. Our e360 Home Energy Storage Solutions aim to provide consumers with a cost-effective, low barrier of entry, flexible system to power their homes utilizing solar energy, wind, or grid back-up. The success of our strategy depends on (i) the continued growth of these addressable markets in line with our expectations, and (ii) our ability to successfully enter and maintain a competitive position in the RV, marine, and home energy markets with commercially viable products. We expect to incur significant marketing costs understanding and growing our presence within these markets, and researching and targeting customers in these markets, and our efforts may not be successful in generating sales. If we fail to execute on this growth strategy in accordance with our expectations, our sales growth could be limited to the growth of existing products and existing end markets.

Over the past year, Expion360 has added several new distributors and OEM customers in RV and marine markets, which contributed to the sales growth during the first nine months of 2025. Management believes that orders resulting from these new relationships will continue to result in significant new revenue streams for the remainder of 2025.

Manufacturing and Supply Chain

Our batteries are manufactured by multiple third-party manufacturers located in Asia, which also produce our battery cells. While we do not have long-term purchase agreements with these manufacturers and our purchases are completed on a purchase-order basis, we maintain strong relationships with our manufacturers and cell suppliers, reflected in our ability to increase our purchase order volumes (qualifying us for related volume-based discounts). The strength of these relationships has helped us moderate increased supply-related costs associated with inflation, currency fluctuations, and U.S. government tariffs imposed on our imports, and avoid potential shipment delays. We aim to maintain an appropriate level of inventory to satisfy our expected supply requirements. We believe we could locate suitable alternative third-party manufacturers to fulfill our requirements if needed.

Our third-party manufacturers source the raw materials and battery components required for the production of our batteries directly from third-party suppliers that meet our approval and quality standards and, as a result, we may have limited control over the agreed pricing for these raw materials and battery components. We estimate that raw material costs account for over half of our cost of goods sold. Lithium, which is extracted from mined ore, is a key raw material used to produce our battery cells and, as a result, the cost of our battery cells is dependent on the price and availability of lithium, which may be volatile and unpredictable and beyond our control. Additionally, availability of the raw materials used to manufacture our products may be limited at times, resulting in higher prices and/or the need to find alternative suppliers. Our battery cell manufacturers have joint venture factories outside of Asia and have secured sourcing contracts from lithium suppliers in South America and Australia. In addition, we have a secondary source for lithium iron phosphate cells used in our batteries from a supplier in Europe, enabling us to source materials outside of Asia in the event it becomes necessary to do so.

In addition to increased mining and newly located reserves, there is an industry push to provide more efficient ways to extract lithium from mined ore. Another development of the past few years is lithium cell recycling. This process recaptures raw lithium from the cell for reuse in future cells. However, notwithstanding efforts to improve the sustainability and efficiency of lithium mining, the price of lithium is volatile. We continue to monitor developments that may adversely affect our supply chain.

Management anticipates that products sourced from the Company’s third-party manufacturers in Asia may be subject to additional tariff exposure during 2025. Although recent developments in November 2025 have been favorable, the Company has timed certain inventory purchases to coincide with the period of reduced tariff rates. Management believes that any potential impact on gross margins can be mitigated through a combination of supplier pricing concessions, product redesign initiatives, selective customer pricing adjustments, and ongoing operational efficiencies realized through increased sales volumes.

For additional information regarding supply chain risks, refer to Part I, Item 1A of the Annual Report, “Risk Factors—Our results of operations could be adversely affected by changes in the cost and availability of raw materials and we are dependent on third-party manufacturers and suppliers” and “—Increases in costs, disruption of supply or shortage of any of our battery components, such as electronic and mechanical parts, or raw materials used in the production of such parts could harm our business.”

Product and Customer Mix

As of September 30, 2025, we sell 15 models of LiFEPO4 batteries, the Aura 600, and various individual or bundled accessories for battery systems. Our products are sold to different customers (e.g., dealers, wholesalers, private-label customers, OEMs, etc.) at differing prices and have varying costs. The average selling price and costs of goods sold for a particular product will vary with changes in the sales channel mix, volume of products sold, and the prices of such products sold relative to other products. While we work with our suppliers to limit price and supply cost increases, our products may see price increases resulting from a rise in supply costs due to currency fluctuations, inflation, and tariffs. Accessory and OEM sales typically have lower average selling prices and resulting margins, which could decrease our margins and negatively affect our growth or require us to increase the prices of our products. However, the benefits of increased sales volumes typically offset these reductions. The relative margins of products sold also impact our results of operations. As we introduce new products, we may see a change in product and sales channel mix, which could result in period-to-period fluctuations in our overall gross margin.

Competition

We compete with both traditional lead-acid and lithium-ion battery manufacturers that primarily either import their products and/or components or manufacture their products and/or components under a private label. As we develop new products and expand into new markets, we may experience competition with a broader range of companies. These companies may have more resources than us and be able to allocate more resources to their current and future products.

Our competitors may source products or components at lower costs than us, which may require us to evaluate our own costs, lower our product prices, or increase our sales volume to maintain our expected profitability levels.

Research and Development

We anticipate that additional investments in our infrastructure and research and development spending will be required to scale our operations and increase productivity, address the needs of our customers, further develop and enhance our products and services, and expand into new geographic areas and market segments.

New technologies are rapidly emerging in the markets where we conduct business and many new energy storage technologies have been introduced over the past several years. Our ability to achieve significant and sustained penetration of key developing markets, including the RV, marine, residential energy storage, and small commercial energy storage markets, will depend upon our success in developing these and other technologies, either independently, through joint ventures, or through acquisitions, which in each case may require significant capital and commitment of resources to research and development. Accordingly, we may need to seek additional debt and equity financing to fund our research and development efforts and planned growth.

Certifications

We completed the final requirements to obtain UL Safety Certifications on our new 12V Group 27 100Ah and 132Ah batteries, and on our 12V GC2 battery. Now that these certifications have been completed, all of the batteries produced by us have a UL Safety Certification, emphasizing our commitment to quality, safety and service for our customers.

KEY LINE ITEMS

Net Sales

Our revenue is generated from the sale of products consisting primarily of batteries and accessories. We recognize revenue when control of goods or services is transferred to our customers in an amount that reflects the consideration it is expected to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. All of our sales are primarily within the United States.

Cost of Sales

Our primary cost of sales as a percentage of sales is related to our direct product and landing costs. Direct labor costs consist of payroll costs (including taxes and benefits) of employees directly engaged in assembly activities. Per full absorption cost accounting, overhead related to our cost of sales is added, consisting primarily of warehouse rent and utilities. The costs can increase or decrease based on costs of product and assembly parts (purchased at market pricing), customer supply requirements, and the amount of labor required to assemble a product, along with the allocation of fixed overhead.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits, legal and professional fees, and sales and marketing costs. Other costs include research and development, insurance, and software and tech support expenses.

Other (Income) Expense

Our other (income) and expense typically consist of interest expense, interest income, and gain or loss on sale of property and equipment. See “Results of Operations – Other (Income) / Expense” below for more information.

Provision for Income Taxes

We are subject to corporate federal and state income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets, including tax loss and credit carryforwards, and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that included the enactment date. Deferred income tax expense represents the change during the period in the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

We have adopted the provisions in ASC 740, Income Taxes, related to accounting for uncertain tax positions. It requires that the Company recognize the impact of a tax position in the financial statements if the position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination and on the technical merits of the position. Management has concluded that there were no material unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024.

Our practice is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. We had no accrual for interest or penalties on our balance sheets at September 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024 and did not recognize interest and/or penalties in the statement of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, since there are no material unrecognized tax benefits. Management believes no material change to the amount of unrecognized tax benefits will occur within the next twelve months.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no material off-balance sheet arrangements.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table sets forth certain operational data as a percentage of sales:

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2025			2024			2025			2024
Net sales		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%
Cost of sales		77.3			87.9			77.6			80.3
Gross profit		22.7			12.1			22.4			19.7
Selling, general, and administrative expenses		148.1			150.9			96.4			172.8
Loss from operations		(125.5	)		(138.7	)		(74.0	)		(153.1	)
Other (income) / expense — net		(155.7	)		495.6			(49.8	)		210.3
Income / (Loss) before income taxes		30.2			(634.4	)		(24.2	)		(363.4	)
Net income / (loss)		30.2			(634.4	)		(24.2	)		(363.5	)

Net Sales

Net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2025 increased by $1.0 million, or 72.2%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. Sales were $2.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and $1.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024.

Net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased by $3.8 million, or 104.2%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Sales were $7.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and $3.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

The increase in net sales was primarily attributable to the RV market recovering from its previous slowdown, but also to enhanced sales efforts, including expanded outreach to OEM partners, strategic marketing initiatives, and the successful onboarding of new customers during this period.

Cost of Sales

Total cost of sales for the three months ended September 30, 2025 increased by $600,000, or 51.6%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. Cost of sales were $1.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. Cost of sales as a percentage of net sales decreased by 10.5% in that period.

Total cost of sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased by $2.9 million, or 97.3%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Cost of sales were $5.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and $2.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Cost of sales as a percentage of net sales decreased by 2.7% in that period.

The year-to-year changes in cost of sales are primarily related to the product mix sold in different periods.

Gross Profit

Our gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2025 increased by $373,000, or 221.6%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. Gross profit was $542,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and $169,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. Gross profit as a percentage of net sales increased by 10.5% for that period, from 12.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 to 22.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2025.

Our gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased by $950,000, or 132.6%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Gross profit was $1,667,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and $717,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Gross profit as a percentage of net sales increased by 2.7% for that period, from 19.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to 22.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

The increase in gross profit percentage for both periods was primarily attributable to the product mix sold in different periods.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2025 increased by $1.4 million, or 69.1%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. Selling, general and administrative expenses were $3.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and $2.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. As a percentage of net sales, selling, general and administrative expenses were 148.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to 150.9% for the same period in the prior year, a decrease of 2.8 percentage points. For the three months ended September 30, 2025, increases in salaries and benefits as well as legal and professional fees made up the majority of the increase.

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased by $877,000, or 13.9%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Selling, general and administrative expenses were $7.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and $6.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. As a percentage of net sales, selling, general and administrative expenses were 96.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to 172.8% for the same period in the prior year, a decrease of 76.4 percentage points. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, increases in salaries and benefits and legal and professional fees were slightly offset by an decrease in rent and associates expenses.

Presented in the table below is the composition of selling, general and administrative expenses:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Salaries and benefits	$	1,779,806	$	743,347	$	3,263,598	$	2,555,403
Legal and professional		1,067,839		321,963		1,850,317		1,239,413
Sales and marketing		256,852		242,515		746,051		710,898
Insurance		80,254		63,441		205,210		201,514
Research and development		74,209		68,617		296,387		228,782
Software, fees, tech support		73,105		68,959		215,986		207,590
Rents, maintenance, utilities		55,705		106,001		174,360		391,426
Travel expenses		51,302		35,823		159,072		113,934
Depreciation		24,168		40,346		82,245		125,883
Supplies		3,916		7,683		15,446		21,076
Other		77,510		397,773		158,235		494,283
Total	$	3,544,666	$	2,096,468	$	7,166,907	$	6,290,202

Other (Income) / Expense

Other (income) / expense for the three months ended September 30, 2025 decreased $10.6 million, or 154.1%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to writing off the suspended liability from the Series A Warrants in 2025, and not incurring the expenses for change in fair value of warrants or legal settlements that were recognized in 2024, slightly offset by obsolete inventory expense in 2025. Other income was $3.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and other expense was $6.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. Other income for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was made up of the write-off of the suspended liability, and other expense for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was primarily made up of the write-off of obsolete inventory. Other expense for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily made up of the change in fair value of the warrants issued as part of the August 2024 financing, along with interest expense and settlement expense.

Other (income) / expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased $11.4 million, or 148.4%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to writing off the suspended liability from the Series A Warrants in 2025, and not incurring the expenses for change in fair value of warrants or legal settlements that were recognized in 2024, as well as significantly lower interest expense in 2025, slightly offset by obsolete inventory expense in 2025. Other income was $3.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and other expense was $7.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Other income for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was primarily made up of the write-off of the suspended liability. Other expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily made up of the change in fair value of the warrants issued as part of the August 2024 financing, along with interest expense and settlement expense.

During the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, expense for the change in fair value of warrants was $0 and $5.9 million, income from the write-off of suspended liability totaled $4.5 million and $0, obsolete inventory expense totaled $757,000 and $0, interest expense totaled $4,000 and $468,000, settlement expense totaled $0 and $401,000, loss on sale of property and equipment totaled $0 and $146,000, interest income totaled $0 and $15,000, and workers comp dividends totaled $0 and $1,000, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, expense for the change in fair value of warrants was $0 and $5.9 million, income from the write-off of suspended liability totaled $4.5 million and $0, interest expense was $14,000 and $972,000, obsolete inventory expense totaled $757,000 and $0, settlement expense totaled $0 and $710,000, loss on sale of property and equipment totaled $13,000 and $147,000, interest income totaled $0 and $60,000, miscellaneous income from sale of a non-capitalized asset was $0 and $1,000, dividend from a workers compensation policy was $0 and $1,000, respectively, and penalties and late fees totaled less than $100 each period.

Net Income / (Loss)

Our net income / (loss) for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $723,000 and $(8.8 million), respectively. Our net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $(1.8 million) and $(13.2 million), respectively. The improvement for both periods was driven by increased sales and proportional decreases in cost of sales resulting in improved gross profit, as well as improvements in other income and expense.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we recognized a net of $3.6 million in non-cash operating income, including $4.5 million for write-off of suspended liability, $452,000 for stock-based compensation, and $348,000 for common stock issued for services. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recognized $7.5 million in non-cash operating costs, including $5.9 million for change in fair value of warrants, $667,000 in amortization of convertible note costs, and $546,000 for stock-based compensation.

CASH FLOWS

The following table shows a summary of our cash flows for the periods presented:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025			2024
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(3,725,143	)	$	(6,649,331	)
Net cash provided by investing activities	$	4,250		$	122,061
Net cash provided by financing activities	$	7,467,125		$	5,919,749

Net cash used in operating activities

We primarily use cash in operating activities for inventory purchases, salaries and benefits, legal and professional services, and sales and marketing. In the last several years, we have generated negative cash flows from operating activities and have supplemented working capital requirements through net proceeds from the sales of common stock.

Net cash used in operating activities was $3.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $6.6 million for the prior year period. The decrease in cash used was primarily driven by reduced inventory and prepaid inventory levels:

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, our loss of $1.8 million was reduced by non-cash transactions including stock-based compensation of $452,000, issuance of common stock for services of $348,000, and depreciation of $92,000, as well as a non-cash gain from the reversal of the suspended liability. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, our loss of $13.2 million was reduced by non-cash transactions including an increase in derivative liability of $5.9 million, amortization of convertible note costs of $667,000, and stock-based compensation of $546,000.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, cash provided by decreases in inventory and prepaid/in-transit inventory totaled $2.2 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, cash used in by an increase in prepaid/in-transit inventory was $1.2 million and was somewhat offset by a decrease in inventory of $460,000.

Cash used and provided by changes in accounts receivable, accounts payable, inventory, and in-transit inventory are primarily due to timing of such activities as part of normal operations.

Net cash provided by investing activities

Cash provided by investing activities was $4,000 and $122,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. We sold three vehicles in the nine months ended September 30, 2025, one of which was traded for services rendered and no cash was exchanged. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we purchased quality assurance equipment for $11,000, and we sold three vehicles as well as fixed assets associated with the property for which we terminated the lease.

Net cash provided by financing activities

Cash provided by financing activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $7.5 million and $5.9 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we received net proceeds of $5.7 million from the exercise of warrants and $1.8 million for issuance of common stock, offset by payments of $25,000 toward principal on long-term debt. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we received net proceeds from issuance of common stock of $9.5 million and from issuance of warrants of $31,000, offset by principal payments on the convertible note of $2.8 million, principal payments on stockholder promissory notes of $763,000, and principal payments on long-term debt of $109,000.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Overview

Our operations have been financed primarily through net proceeds from the sale of securities and from borrowings. As of September 30, 2025, our working capital was $8.5 million compared to $2.0 million as of December 31, 2024, and we had cash and cash equivalents of $4.3 million and $548,000 as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

We generally consider our short-term liquidity requirements to consist of those items that are expected to be incurred within the next 12 months and believe those requirements to consist primarily of funds necessary to pay operating expenses, interest, and principal payments on our debt.

As of September 30, 2025, we expect our short-term liquidity requirements to include (a) accounts payable of $523,000, (b) scheduled principal debt payments of approximately $31,000, and (c) lease obligation payments of approximately $328,000, including imputed interest.

We generally consider our long-term liquidity requirements to consist of those items that are expected to be incurred beyond the next 12 months. We continue to experience recurring operating losses and negative cash flows from operations, with $3.7 million used in operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2025. While management has implemented cost containment measures and is working to address its cash flow challenges, including by raising additional capital, managing inventory levels, identifying alternative supply chain resources, and managing operational expenses, material uncertainty remains. Without additional funding or a material increase in revenue generation, we may not be able to meet our obligations as they become due. These factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within 12 months after the date that the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024 are issued. Our activities are subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including failing to secure additional funding before the Company achieves sustainable revenues and profit from operations. We expect to continue to incur additional losses for the foreseeable future, and we may need to raise additional debt or equity financing to expand our presence in the marketplace, develop new products, achieve operating efficiencies, and accomplish its long-term business plan over the next several years. There can be no assurance as to the availability or terms upon which such financing and capital might be available. See also the risk factor entitled “Our audited financial statements include a statement that there is a substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern and a continuation of negative financial trends could result in our inability to continue as a going concern” in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of the Annual Report.

Financing Obligations

As of September 30, 2025, our long-term debt was approximately $206,000, of which $31,000 is due within the next 12 months. This balance includes $140,000 outstanding under a COVID-19 Economic Injury Disaster Loan and $65,000 outstanding under vehicle financing arrangements.

Vehicle Financing Arrangements

As of September 30, 2025, we had three notes payable to GM Financial for vehicles. In addition, a commercial line secured in April 2022 for $300,000 was renewed in April 2023 and increased to $350,000, and renewed again in April 2024 and April 2025 for $350,000 each time. This commercial line may be used to finance vehicle purchases and expires in April 2026. The notes are payable in aggregate monthly installments of $2,560, including interest at rates ranging from 6.14% to 7.29% per annum, mature at various dates from October 2027 to May 2028, and are secured by the related vehicles.

Convertible Note Financing

On December 27, 2023, we entered into a securities purchase agreement with 3i, LP (“3i”) pursuant to which we sold, and 3i purchased, the 3i Note in the aggregate original principal amount of $2,750,000, for gross proceeds of $2.5 million. On August 8, 2024, in connection with the closing of the August 2024 Public Offering, we repaid the 3i Note, and our obligations under the 3i Note were fully satisfied and discharged. Prior to the closing of the August 2024 Public Offering, we had issued 414 shares of common stock (post-Reverse Stock Split) for the payment of $90,839 in interest.

Equity Line of Credit

On December 27, 2023, we entered into the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, pursuant to which we had the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Tumim Stone Capital, LLC (“Tumim”), and Tumim was obligated to purchase, up to the lesser of (a) $20,000,000 in aggregate gross purchase price of newly issued common stock and (b) the Exchange Cap (as defined in the purchase agreement) (the “Equity Line of Credit”). In connection with the August 2024 Public Offering, we mutually agreed with Tumim to terminate the Equity Line of Credit, effective immediately upon the closing of the August 2024 Public Offering. Prior to the closing of the August 2024 Public Offering, we had sold 4,336 shares of common stock (post-Reverse Stock Split) under the Equity Line of Credit for an aggregate amount of $828,491, of which $434,958 was used to repay a portion of the balance under the 3i Note, consisting of $380,042 to the loan principal, $34,204 to interest, and $20,712 as a redemption premium.

Contractual and Other Obligations

Our estimated future obligations consist of long-term operating lease liabilities. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had $788,000 in long-term operating lease liabilities.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

The above discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our financial statements. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with the generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. These estimates involve judgments that are inherently uncertain and subject to change as future events and conditions evolve. We base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events, and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. On a recurring basis, we evaluate our judgments and estimates in light of changes in circumstances, facts, and experience. The effects of material revisions in an estimate, if any, will be reflected in the financial statements prospectively from the date of the change in the estimate.

A critical accounting estimate is one that involves a significant degree of judgment or complexity and where a different assumption could reasonably have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. The critical accounting estimates below are those that we consider to be the most important in portraying our financial condition and results of operations and also require the greatest number of judgments by management. There were no material changes to our methodologies or underlying assumptions for these estimates compared to prior periods.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less depreciation calculated on the straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related assets as follows:

Vehicles and transportation equipment		5 – 7 years
Manufacturing equipment		3 – 10 years
Office furniture and equipment		3 – 7 years
Warehouse equipment		3 – 10 years
QA equipment		3 – 10 years
Tooling and molds		5 – 10 years

Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or their estimated useful lives.

Useful life is estimated for each item at the time of purchase based on the typical useful life in our experience and best judgment, and remaining useful life of existing assets is evaluated regularly. If an estimated useful life were to be inaccurate, there would not be a material effect on our financials, and the estimated depreciation would be trued up at the time of disposal or impairment. It is our experience that the estimated useful lives of our assets are generally materially accurate.

Leases

We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets represent our right to use an underlying asset during the lease term, and operating lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating leases are included in ROU assets, current operating lease liabilities, and long-term operating lease liabilities on our balance sheets. We do not have any finance leases.

We recognize operating lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheets on the lease commencement date, based on the present value of the outstanding lease payments over the reasonably certain lease term. The lease term includes the non-cancelable period at the lease commencement date, plus any additional periods covered by an option to extend (or not to terminate) the lease that is reasonably certain to be exercised, or an option to extend (or not to terminate) a lease that is controlled by the lessor.

We discount unpaid lease payments using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if the rate cannot be readily determined, our incremental borrowing rate.

See “Note 8—Commitments and Contingencies” of our financial statements within the Annual Report for further information.

Warrants

Warrants are measured at fair value upon issuance and are not subsequently remeasured unless they are required to be reclassified. See “Note 7—Equity and Debt Financings” and “Note 9—Stockholders’ Equity” in our accompanying financial statements for information on the warrants. Changes in assumptions used to estimate fair value could occur from stock pricing volatility depending on our performance and our position in the industry and changes in market interest rates which can result in materially different results.

Stock-Based Compensation

We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair value of option grants. In estimating fair value, management is required to make certain assumptions and estimates such as the expected life of stock options, volatility of our stock price, risk-free interest rates, future dividend yields and estimated forfeitures at the initial grant date. Restricted stock unit awards are valued based on the closing trading price of our common stock on the date of grant. Changes in assumptions used to estimate fair value could result in materially different results.

Income Taxes

Effective November 1, 2021, the Company converted from an LLC to a C corporation and, as a result, became subject to corporate federal and state income taxes. Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates that will be in effect for the years in which those tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. We record a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is believed more likely than not to be realized. We believe it is more likely than not that forecasted income, together with future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, will be sufficient to recover our deferred tax assets. In the event that we determine all, or part of our net deferred tax assets are not realizable in the future, we will record an adjustment to the valuation allowance and a corresponding charge to earnings in the period such determination is made.

The calculation of tax liabilities involves significant judgment in estimating the impact of uncertainties in the application of US GAAP and complex tax laws. Resolution of these uncertainties in a manner inconsistent with our expectations could have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations. We recognize tax benefits from uncertain tax positions only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recorded in the financial statements from such positions are then measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement.

See “Note 11—Income Taxes” of our financial statements within the Annual Report for further information on our income taxes.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

As a smaller reporting company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act), we are not required to provide the information called for by Item 305 of Regulation S-K.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and our principal financial and accounting officer, evaluated our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of September 30, 2025. The term "disclosure controls and procedures," means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms.

In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, as ours is designed to do. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and that management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and our principal financial and accounting officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level as of September 30, 2025.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

During the three months ended September 30, 2025, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, we may become subject to legal claims, regulatory matters and contingencies in the ordinary course of our business. Except as set forth below, we are not currently party to any pending legal claims, regulatory matters or contingencies that we believe would, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity or prospects.

On July 1, 2025, we received a staff determination (the “Staff Determination”) from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications department (the “Staff”) of The Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) stating that the bid price of its common stock had closed below the $1.00 minimum required by Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for the prior 30 consecutive business days (the “Minimum Bid Price Requirement”) and the Staff had determined to delist its securities from The Nasdaq Capital Market (the “Staff Determination”). We timely requested and were granted an appeal hearing before a Nasdaq Hearings Panel (the “Panel”) to appeal the Staff Determination, staying the delisting of our common stock pending the Panel’s decision. As of August 12, 2025, the common stock had closed above $1.00 per share for more than ten consecutive trading days. As a result, on August 13, 2025, we received a letter from the Nasdaq Office of General Counsel advising that we had regained compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement, and that we were therefore in compliance with Nasdaq’s listing requirements. Consequently, the appeal hearing was cancelled.

On August 20, 2025, we received a notification letter (the “Notice”) from the Staff notifying us that the stockholders’ equity balance reported in the Quarterly Report for the three months ended June 30, 2025 was below the $2.5 million required minimum for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market as set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1). The Notice also provided that we had 45 calendar days to submit a plan to regain compliance. Following the Warrant Adjustments and subsequent warrant exercises, our stockholders’ equity balance increased above the required threshold. On September 17, 2025, we received a letter from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications department confirming our regained compliance with the listing rule and that we were therefore in compliance with Nasdaq’s listing requirements.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Before making a decision to purchase or sell our common stock, you should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of the Annual Report, which are incorporated herein by reference. If any of the identified risks are realized, our business, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, and prospects could be materially and adversely affected. In that case, the trading price of our common stock may decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. The risks described in our Annual Report are not the only ones we face. Additional risks we currently do not know about or that we currently believe to be immaterial may also impair our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, and prospects.

Except as set forth below, during the three months ended September 30, 2025, there were no material changes to the risks and uncertainties described in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report.

We depend on our senior management team and other key employees, and significant attrition within our management team or unsuccessful succession planning could adversely affect our business.

Our success depends in part on our ability to attract, retain, and motivate senior management and other key employees. Achieving this objective may be difficult due to many factors, including fluctuations in global economic and industry conditions, competitors’ hiring practices, cost reduction activities, and the effectiveness of our compensation programs. Competition for qualified personnel can be intense. We must continue to recruit, retain, and motivate senior management and other key employees sufficient to maintain our current business and support our future projects.

We have experienced recent transitions in our leadership team. In April 2025, we appointed Carson Heagen as our Chief Operating Officer, and in September 2025, we appointed Shawna Bowin as our Chief Financial Officer. In October 2025, Brian Schaffner, our Chief Executive Officer, and Paul Shoun, our President and Chairman of the Board, each resigned. Following these resignations, the Board appointed Joseph Hammer as our new Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board. Leadership transitions of this nature can create uncertainty, disrupt operations, and challenge continuity in our strategic direction or impact our ability to maintain relationships with customers and business partners or retain key employees. Although we believe our leadership team brings valuable experience and skills, there can be no assurance our transition efforts will be successful or that our new leaders will achieve our strategic, operational, or financial objectives. If we are unsuccessful in our succession planning or integration efforts, or if we experience additional unanticipated departures among senior management or other key employees, investor confidence and our results of operations could be adversely affected.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

On September 8, 2025, we entered into a Consulting Agreement for business and advisory services, which provided, among other things, for the issuance to the consultant of a total of 325,000 shares of restricted common stock consisting of (i) 200,000 shares issued on September 9, 2025, and (ii) the remaining 125,000 shares shall be issued within four business days of November 20, 2025.

Issuer Repurchases of Equity Securities

None.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Trading Plans

Our directors and officers may enter into trading plans or other arrangements with financial institutions to purchase or sell shares of our common stock, which plans or arrangements are intended to comply with the affirmative defense provisions of Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act, or which may represent a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement as defined under Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

During the quarter ended September 30, 2025, no director or officer adopted, modified, or terminated any Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

		Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit Number	Description	Form	Exhibit	Filing Date
3.1	Articles of Incorporation of the Company, effective as of November 4, 2021.	S-1	3.1	3/31/2022
3.2	Certificate of Amendment of Articles of Incorporation, effective as of October 8, 2024	8-K	3.1	10/7/2024
3.3	Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, dated August 21, 2024	8-K	3.1	8/27/2024
4.1	Form of Pre-Funded Warrant	8-K	4.1	10/17/2025
10.1†	Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, by and between the Company and Shawna Bowin, effective September 3, 2025	-	-	-
10.2*	Form of Securities Purchase Agreement	8-K	10.1	10/17/2025
10.3	Severance Agreement, Consulting Agreement and General Release, by and between the Company and Brian Schaffner, dated October 16, 2025	8-K	10.2	10/17/2025
10.4	Severance Agreement and General Release, by and between the Company and Paul Shoun, dated October 16, 2025	8-K	10.3	10/17/2025
10.5*†	Employment Agreement, by and between the Company and Joseph Hammer, October 16, 2025	8-K	10.4	10/17/2025
10.6†	Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy, effective October 16, 2025	-	-	-
31.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Exchange Act, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	-	-	-
31.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Exchange Act, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	-	-	-
32.1#	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	-	-	-
32.2#	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	-	-	-
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document.	-	-	-
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.	-	-	-
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.	-	-	-
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.	-	-	-
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.	-	-	-
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.	-	-	-
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and included in Exhibit 101).	-	-	-

† Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

The certification shall not be deemed “filed” by the registrant for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, and shall not be incorporated by reference into any of the registrant’s filings under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, whether made before or after the date of this Quarterly Report, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in any such filing.

Certain of the schedules (and similar attachments) to this exhibit have been omitted in accordance with Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act because they do not contain information material to an investment decision and that information is not otherwise disclosed in the exhibit or the disclosure document. The registrant agrees to furnish a copy of all omitted schedules (or similar attachments) to the Commission upon its request.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date: November 13, 2025	By:	/s/ Joseph Hammer
		Joseph Hammer
		Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors (Principal Executive Officer)

Date: November 13, 2025	By:	/s/ Shawna Bowin
		Shawna Bowin
		Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-10.1 2 ex10_1.htm

Exhibit 10.1

AMENDED AND RESTATED EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT

This AMENDED AND RESTATED EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (the “Agreement”) dated September 3, 2025 (the “Effective Date”) is by and between Expion360 Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”) and Shawna Bowin (“Executive”).

RECITALS:

WHEREAS, the Company desires to appoint Shawna Bowin as the Chief Financial Officer for Expion360 Inc. as of September 3, 2025;

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and mutual covenants contained herein and for other good and valuable consideration receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties, intending to be legally bound, agree as follows:

1. Term of Employment. Subject to the provisions of Section 5 of this Agreement, Executive shall commence employment with the Company for a period commencing on the Effective Date and ending on September 3, 2026 (the “Initial Term”) on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement. Following the expiration of the Initial Term, Executive’s term of employment shall be automatically extended for additional one-year periods (each, a “Renewal Term”) commencing on September 3, 2026 and, thereafter, on each successive anniversary of September 3, 2026 (each, an “Extension Date”), unless the Company or Executive provides the other party at least 90 days’ prior written notice before the next Extension Date that the term of employment shall not be so extended (a “Notice of Non-Renewal”). For purposes of this Agreement, the “Employment Term” shall mean the Initial Term and any Renewal Term(s).

2. Position, Duties, Authority, and Policies.

(a) Position. During the Employment Term, Executive shall serve as the Chief Financial Officer of the Company. In such position, Executive shall have such duties, functions, responsibilities and authority as shall be determined from time to time by the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”) consistent with Executive’s position and title. Executive shall report directly to the Board. Executive shall be an executive officer of the Company and shall be subject to all Company policies relating to executive officers, including the Company’s insider trading policy and all securities law reporting requirements.

(b) Time Commitments. Executive will devote substantially all of Executive’s business time and best efforts to the operation and oversight of the business of the Company or its subsidiaries (the “Company Group”) and performance of Executive’s duties hereunder (excluding periods of vacation, approved time off or leave of absence) and will not, without the Company’s prior consent (which shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), engage in any other business activities that could conflict with Executive’s duties or services to the Company Group. Executive shall be subject to the terms and conditions of the Company Group’s employee policies and codes of conduct as in effect from time to time to the extent not inconsistent with this Agreement.

3. Compensation.

(a) Base Salary. During the Employment Term, the Company shall pay (or cause to be paid) to Executive a base salary (“Base Salary”) at the annual rate of $192,000, payable in regular installments in accordance with the usual payment practices of the Company Group. Executive’s Base Salary shall be subject to annual review and subject to increase, but not decrease, as may be determined from time to time in the sole discretion of the Board.

(b) Bonuses. During the Employment Term, Executive shall be eligible to earn an annual bonus award (an “Annual Bonus”) based on the achievement of performance objectives and targets established annually by the Board or the compensation committee of the Board, in consultation with Executive. Additional bonuses may be granted by the Board to Executive in addition to the Annual Bonus, for services and results achieved by Executive. Any Annual Bonus shall be paid to Executive within two and one-half months after the end of the applicable fiscal year; provided, that if the applicable performance objectives and targets have not, if necessary, been verified by audit by such time, then the Annual Bonus, if any, shall be payable within 10 days following such verification, but not later than April 30 of such year (provided, that the Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to complete any such audit and pay such Annual Bonus as promptly as practicable). No Annual Bonus shall be payable in respect of any fiscal year in which Executive’s employment is terminated, except to the extent provided in Section 5.

4. Benefits.

(a) General. During the Employment Term, Executive shall be entitled to participate in the retirement, health and welfare benefit plans, practices, policies and arrangements of the Company Group as in effect from time to time (collectively, “Employee Benefits”), on terms and conditions no less favorable than each of the Employee Benefits are made available to any other senior executive of the Company Group (other than with respect to any terms and conditions specifically determined under this Agreement, the benefits for which shall be determined instead in accordance with this Agreement). For the avoidance of doubt, no new benefit plans shall be required to be adopted. Executive shall be entitled to the perquisites set forth on Exhibit I.

(b) Vacation. Executive shall be entitled to four weeks’ paid vacation pursuant to the applicable Company vacation policy, plan or regular practice, as may be modified from time to time.

(c) Reimbursement of Business Expenses. During the Employment Term, the Company shall reimburse Executive for reasonable business expenses incurred by Executive in the performance of Executive’s duties hereunder in accordance with its then-prevailing business expense policy (which shall include appropriate itemization and substantiation of expenses incurred); provided that reimbursement for travel expenses incurred by Executive in the performance of Executive’s duties hereunder shall be made in accordance with the travel policy of the Company, which, with respect to Executive, shall be consistent with the travel policy in effect for Executive as of immediately prior to the Effective Date.

(d) Tuition Reimbursement. During the Employment Term, the Company shall reimburse Executive for tuition and reasonable associated fees and costs incurred by Executive in the pursuit of a Master of Business Administration degree, in furtherance of Executive’s professional development at the Company’s request. Reimbursement will be made upon substantiation of payments, and may be made prior to the beginning of the term. Executive shall repay the Company for any tuition and associated fees for courses not completed with a passing grade. Company will also reimburse for any additional personal income taxes incurred by employee related to any tuition reimbursements.

5. Termination.

(a) General. The Employment Term and Executive’s employment hereunder may be terminated by either party at any time and for any reasonable manner set forth in this Section 5; provided that if Executive resigns for any reason other than Good Reason (as defined below) Executive shall be required to give the Company at least 90 days’ advance written notice (the “Notice Period”) of such termination. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the provisions of this Section 5 shall exclusively govern Executive’s rights upon termination of employment with Company; provided that Executive’s rights under any equity plan, equity incentive award agreement or other employee benefit plan that provides for rights (other than severance payments) upon termination of employment shall, in each case, be governed exclusively by such plan or agreement, as applicable.

(b) By the Company for Cause or by Executive without Good Reason.

(i) The Employment Term and Executive’s employment hereunder (A) may be terminated by the Company for Cause (as defined below) with immediate effect and (B) shall terminate automatically upon the effective date (following the Notice Period) of Executive’s resignation for any reason other than Good Reason.

(ii) For purposes of this Agreement, “Cause” shall mean (A) any willful act or omission that constitutes a material breach by Executive of any of Executive’s material obligations under this Agreement; (B) the willful and continued failure or refusal of Executive to substantially perform the material duties reasonably required of Executive as an employee of the Company Group; (C) Executive’s commission or conviction of, or plea of guilty or nolo contendere to, (1) a felony or (2) a crime involving fraud or moral turpitude (or any other crime relating to the Company Group which would reasonably be expected to be materially injurious to the Company Group); provided that if the Company terminates Executive’s employment and withholds payments or benefits to Executive on the assertion that Executive committed a felony or crime described in this clause and Executive is subsequently acquitted of such felony or crime, then the Company shall promptly pay to Executive an amount sufficient to restore Executive to the same economic position Executive would have been in had Executive’s termination of employment been without Cause (including by paying an amount in severance that Executive would have been entitled to under this Agreement); (D) Executive’s willful theft, dishonesty or other misconduct that would reasonably be expected to be injurious to the Company Group; (E) Executive’s willful and unauthorized use, misappropriation, destruction or diversion of any material or intangible asset of the Company Group (including, without limitation, Executive’s willful and unauthorized use or disclosure of the Company Group’s confidential or proprietary information) that would reasonably be expected to be materially injurious to the Company Group; (F) any violation by Executive of any law regarding employment discrimination or sexual harassment that would reasonably be expected to be materially injurious to the Company Group; provided that a termination of Executive’s employment for Cause that is susceptible to cure shall not be effective unless the Company first gives Executive written notice of its intention to terminate and the grounds for such termination, and Executive has not, within ten business days following receipt of such notice, cured such Cause;

(iii) If Executive’s employment is terminated by the Company for Cause, Executive shall be entitled to receive:

(A) the Base Salary through the date of termination;

(B) reimbursement, within 30 days following receipt by the Company of Executive’s claim for such reimbursement (including appropriate supporting documentation), for any unreimbursed business expenses properly incurred by Executive in accordance with Company policy prior to Executive’s termination; provided that such claims for such reimbursement are submitted to the Company within 90 days following the date of Executive’s termination of employment; and (C) such Employee Benefits (other than with respect to severance benefits), if any, to which Executive may be entitled, payable in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Company’s equity plans or other Company plans, program and policies (the amounts described in clauses (A) through (C) hereof being referred to as the “Accrued Rights”).

Following such termination of Executive’s employment by the Company for Cause, except as set forth in this Section 5(b)(iii), Executive shall have no further rights to any compensation or any other benefits under this Agreement.

(iv) If Executive resigns for any reason other than Good Reason, provided that Executive will be required to comply with the Notice Period requirement in Section 5(a), Executive shall be entitled to receive the Accrued Rights. During the Notice Period, and subject to the following sentence, Executive shall continue to perform Executive’s duties and obligations under Section 2 hereto as reasonably requested by the Company, and shall receive the Base Salary and Employee Benefits. In lieu of all or any portion of the Notice Period, the Company, at its sole election, may elect to pay to Executive the Base Salary in lieu of notice (in which case, Executive’s employment shall terminate on the date elected by the Company) or the Company may elect to place Executive on “garden leave” during the Notice Period (such period, if elected, the “Garden Leave Period”). If such Garden Leave Period is elected by the Company, then during the Garden Leave Period, Executive shall (x) remain an employee of the Company but not be required to perform any duties for the Company or attend work and (y) be eligible for continued Base Salary and medical and other employee benefits, but no other compensation, including no incentive compensation or continued vesting in equity incentives or other awards during the Garden Leave Period. Following such resignation by Executive for any reason other than Good Reason, except as set forth in this Section 5(b)(iv), Executive shall have no further compensation or any other benefits under this Agreement.

(i) The Employment Term and Executive’s employment hereunder shall terminate automatically on the Executive’s death. In the event of Executive’s Disability (as defined below), the Company shall be entitled to terminate the Employment Term and Executive’s employment hereunder. During any period that Executive is unable to perform Executive’s duties hereunder as a result of a disability prior to the termination of Executive’s employment for Disability, Executive shall continue to receive Executive’s full Base Salary set forth in Section 3(a) and Employee Benefits set forth in Section 4(a) until Executive’s employment is terminated pursuant to this Section 5(c)(i). For purposes of this Agreement, “Disability” shall mean any medically determinable physical or mental impairment resulting in Executive’s inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity, where such impairment can be expected to result in death or can be expected to last for a continuous period of inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity of not less than 12 months.

(ii) Upon termination of Executive’s employment hereunder as a result of Executive’s death or by the Company at a time when Executive has a Disability, Executive or Executive’s estate, survivors or beneficiaries (as the case may be) shall be entitled to receive:

(A) the Accrued Rights;

(B) any Annual Bonus earned, but unpaid, as of the date of termination, paid in accordance with Section 3(b) (except to the extent payment is otherwise deferred pursuant to any applicable deferred compensation arrangement with the Company, in which case such payment shall be made in accordance with the terms and conditions of such deferred compensation arrangement); and

(C) subject to Executive’s continued compliance in all material respects with Section 6 and Section 7 hereof and the execution and non-revocation of a general release of claims in a form approved by the Company (the “Release”) in accordance with Section 5(f) by Executive or Executive’s estate, survivors or beneficiaries (as the case may be), a pro-rated portion of Executive’s Annual Bonus for the fiscal year in which such termination occurs, determined by multiplying the actual Annual Bonus Executive would have earned absent Executive’s termination of employment based on the achievement of the actual performance objectives and targets for such fiscal year, by a fraction, (x) the numerator of which equals the number of days during such fiscal year that Executive was employed by the Company up to and including the date of termination of Executive’s employment and (y) the denominator of which is the number of days in such fiscal year, paid in accordance with Section 3(b).

Following such termination of Executive’s employment hereunder as a result of Executive’s death or by the Company at a time when Executive has a Disability, except as set forth in this Section 5(c)(ii), Executive shall have no further rights to any compensation or any other benefits under this Agreement.

(d) By the Company Without Cause (other than by reason of death or Disability) or Resignation by Executive for Good Reason.

(i) If Executive’s employment is terminated by the Company without Cause (other than as described in Section 5(c)) or by Executive for Good Reason, Executive shall be entitled to receive:

(A) the Accrued Rights;

(C) subject to Executive’s continued compliance in all material respects with Section 6 and Section 7 hereof, and the execution and non-revocation of the Release in accordance with Section 5(f) by Executive, the Company shall pay Executive (w) if Executive’s employment is terminated during the Initial Term, an amount equal to the remaining unpaid Base Salary under the Initial Term, payable in a single lump sum cash payment on the first regularly scheduled payroll date of the Company following the date the Release becomes effective and irrevocable; (x) an amount equal to 12 months of Executive’s then-current Base Salary, payable in the form of salary continuation in regular installments over the 12-month period commencing on the date of termination in accordance with the Company’s normal payroll practices provided that the first such installment shall be paid on the first regularly scheduled payroll date of the Company following the date the Release becomes effective and irrevocable and shall include in a lump sum all amounts that were otherwise payable to Executive from the date of termination through the date of such first payment; (y) an amount equal to the Target Bonus for the year of termination of employment, payable in a single lump sum cash payment on the first regularly scheduled payroll date of the Company following the date the Release becomes effective and irrevocable; and (z) if Executive elects continuation of Executive’s medical and dental coverage under COBRA, Executive’s coverage and participation under the Company Group’s medical and dental benefit plans in which Executive was participating immediately prior to termination of employment pursuant to this Section 5(d)(i) (“Medical and Dental Benefits”) shall continue at the same cost to Executive as the cost for the Medical and Dental Benefits immediately prior to such termination until the earlier of (i) the 12-month anniversary of the date of termination or (ii) the date on which Executive becomes eligible for medical and/or dental coverage from Executive’s subsequent employer (it being understood such continuation of coverage may be made by paying Executive a series of monthly installment payments sufficient, after payment of federal and local income taxes, to pay Executive’s applicable monthly COBRA premium). The Executive may choose to continue Medical and Dental Benefits under COBRA at Executive’s own expense for the balance, if any, of the period required by law.

Following such termination of employment without Cause by the Company or a resignation by Executive for Good Reason, except as set forth in this Section 5(d)(i), Executive shall have no further rights to any compensation or any other benefits under this Agreement.

(ii) For purposes of this Agreement, “Good Reason” shall mean any of the following (without Executive’s consent): (A) a 10% or greater decrease in Executive’s Base Salary or Target Bonus, or a failure by any member of the Company Group to pay any compensation or provide any benefits due and payable to Executive in connection with Executive’s employment; (B) a material diminution of the title, responsibilities or authority of Executive; (C) any member of the Company Group requiring Executive to be based at any office or location that is inconsistent with the terms of this Agreement or other understanding with the Company, given Executive’s duties and responsibilities and the needs of the Company Group; or (D) a material breach by the Company of this Agreement; provided that no event or condition described in clauses (A)-(D) above will constitute Good Reason unless (x) Executive gives the Board written notice of such event or condition giving rise to Good Reason within 30 days after Executive first learns of such event or condition, (y) the Company fails to cure such event or condition within 30 days after receipt of such notice and (z) Executive resigns from employment within 30 days following the expiration of such cure period. Executive agrees and acknowledges that the changes to Executive’s employment and compensation contemplated by this Agreement shall not constitute Good Reason under the Original Agreement.

(iii) If Executive’s employment with the Company is terminated by the Company without Cause (other than as described in Section 5(c)) the Company shall comply with the Notice Period requirement in Section 5(a). During such Notice Period, and subject to the following sentence, Executive shall continue to perform Executive’s duties and obligations under Section 2 hereto as reasonably requested by the Company. In lieu of all or any portion of the Notice Period, the Company, at its sole election, may elect to pay to Executive the Base Salary in lieu of notice (in which case, Executive’s employment shall terminate on the date so elected by the Company).

(e) Expiration of Employment Term. Except as provided in Section 5(d)(i) in the case of a resignation by Executive for Good Reason, the continuation of Executive’s employment with the Company Group beyond the expiration of the Employment Term following the delivery of a Notice of Non-Renewal shall be deemed an employment at-will and shall not be deemed to extend any of the provisions of this Agreement and Executive’s employment may thereafter be terminated at will by either Executive or the Company.

(f) Release. Amounts payable to Executive under Section 5(c)(ii)(C) and Section 5(d)(i)(C) (collectively, the “Conditioned Benefits”) are subject to (A) Executive’s or Executive’s estate, survivors or beneficiaries (as the case may be) execution and non-revocation of the Release and (B) the expiration of any revocation period contained in such Release, in each case within 60 days following the date of termination. Further, to the extent that any of the Conditioned Benefits constitutes “nonqualified deferred compensation” for purposes of Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) and the 60 day period following the date of termination begins in one calendar year and ends in a second calendar year, any payment of any amount or provision of any benefit otherwise scheduled to occur prior to the 60th day following the date of Executive’s termination of employment hereunder, but for the condition on executing the Release as set forth herein, shall not be made until the first regularly scheduled payroll date following such 60th day (regardless of when the Release is delivered), after which any remaining Conditioned Benefits shall thereafter be provided to Executive according to the applicable provision set forth herein.

(g) Survivability. The provisions of Section 5, Section 6, Section 7, Section 8 and Section 9 of this Agreement shall survive any termination of this Agreement or Executive’s termination of employment hereunder.

(h) Notice of Termination; Board/Committee Resignation. Any purported termination of employment by the Company or by Executive (other than due to Executive’s death) pursuant to this Section 5 shall be communicated by a written Notice of Termination (as defined below) to the other party hereto. For purposes of this Agreement, a “Notice of Termination” shall mean a notice that shall indicate the specific termination provision in this Agreement relied upon and shall set forth in reasonable detail the facts and circumstances claimed to provide a basis for termination of employment under the provision so indicated. Upon termination of Executive’s employment for any reason, at the request of the Company, Executive agrees to resign, as of the date of such termination and to the extent applicable, from the Board (and any committees thereof) and the board of directors or comparable governing bodies (and any committees thereof) of any other Company Group member, except to the extent Executive is entitled to serve or appoint herself as a member of the Board (and any committees thereof) and the board of directors or comparable governing bodies (and any committees thereof), as the case may be, pursuant to any other written agreement with a member of the Company Group.

6. Non-Competition; Non-Solicitation. Executive acknowledges and recognizes that the provisions included in this section are entered into upon the Executive’s bona fide advancement within the Company. Executive further acknowledges and recognized the highly competitive nature of the businesses of the Company Group and that Executive has received, and will receive, Confidential Information (as defined below) and trade secrets of the Company Group, and accordingly agrees as follows:

(a) Non-competition.

(i) During the Employment Term and for a period of 12 months after Executive’s termination of employment with the Company Group (the “Restricted Period”), Executive will not, whether on Executive’s own behalf or on behalf of or in conjunction with any person, firm, partnership, joint venture, association, corporation or business organization, entity or enterprise whatsoever (“Person”), directly or indirectly solicit or assist in soliciting in competition with the Company Group the business of any then current or prospective client or customer with whom Executive (or Executive’s direct reports) had personal contact or dealings on behalf of the Company during the one-year period preceding Executive’s termination of employment. If this provision is enforced by the Company Group, Executive shall be entitled to a Non-Competition Payment (as defined below).

(ii) During the Restricted Period, Executive will not directly or indirectly:

(A) engage in any business activities involving any lithium-based battery or storage system for any commercial use (a “Competing Business”), individually or through an entity, as an employee, director, officer, owner, investor, partner, member, consultant, contractor, agent, joint venture, or otherwise, in any geographical area where any member of the Company Group engages in its business; (B) acquire a financial interest in, or otherwise become actively involved with, any Competing Business, directly or indirectly, as an individual, partner, shareholder, officer, director, principal, agent, trustee or consultant; or

(C) interfere with, or attempt to interfere with, business relationships (whether formed before, on or after the date of this Agreement) between the members of the Company Group and any of their clients, customers, suppliers, partners, members or investors.

(iii) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, Executive may, directly or indirectly, own, solely as an investment, securities of a Competing Business which is publicly traded on a national or regional stock exchange or on the over-the-counter-market if Executive does not, directly or indirectly, own 5% or more of any class of securities of such Person.

(iv) Additional Consideration: As additional consideration for the covenant not to compete described above, should Company Group require Executive to refrain from accepting employment that Company Group, in its sole discretion, believes would violate Executive’s obligations under this Agreement, Company Group will pay Executive an amount equal to fifty percent (50%) of Employee’s semi-monthly base pay as of the date of Employee’s termination from Company Group (“Non-Competition Payment”). The Non-Competition Payment will begin on the later of when Company Group advises Executive of its belief that the proposed employment would violate the Executive’s non-compete obligations, or the date the proposed employment is scheduled to begin, and will continue for the remainder of the Restricted Period. The Non-Competition Payment will be paid in accordance with Company Group's routine pay practices in effect at the time each payment is made, and will be reduced by (i) the amount of severance, if any, that Executive received from Company Group; or (ii) pay received during the Restricted Period from employment in any capacity to the extent that any such salary exceeds fifty percent (50%) of Executive’s base pay as of the date of Executive’s termination from employment, annualized or pro-rated to correspond with the duration of the Restricted Period remaining following the job offer.

(b) Employee Non-Solicitation. During the Restricted Period, Executive will not, whether on Executive’s own behalf or on behalf or in conjunction with any Person, directly or indirectly:

(i) solicit or encourage any employee of the Company Group to leave the employment of the Company Group;

(ii) hire or solicit for employment any employee who was employed by the Company Group as of the date of Executive’s termination of employment with the Company Group for any reason or who left the employment of the Company Group coincident with, or within one year prior to, the date of Executive’s termination of employment with the Company Group for any reason; or

(iii) encourage any material consultant of the Company Group to cease working with the Company Group.

(c) Non-Disparagement. During the Employment Term and following a termination of employment for any reason (i) Executive agrees not to make, or direct any other Person to make, any Disparaging Statement (as defined below) about the Company Group (or any of their respective officers or directors) (it being understood that comments made in Executive’s good faith performance of Executive's duties hereunder shall not be deemed disparaging or defamatory for purposes of this Agreement) and (ii) the Company shall instruct the members of the Board not to make, or direct any other Person to make, any Disparaging Statement about Executive. In addition, following the termination of Executive’s employment with the Company Group for any reason, the Company shall instruct the members of the Company Group’s management team and any other individual who is authorized to make any public statement on behalf of the Company Group not to make, or direct any other Person to make, any Disparaging Statement about Executive. For purposes of this Agreement, a “Disparaging Statement” shall mean any communication that is intended to defame or disparage, or has the effect of defaming or disparaging, but does not include statements pertaining to claims of discrimination, harassment, or sexual assault occurring between employees or the Company Group and employees.

(d) Blue Pencil. It is expressly understood and agreed that although Executive and the Company consider the restrictions contained in this Section 6 to be reasonable and necessary to protect the Company’s legitimate business interests and to be in consideration of Executive’s significant equity interests in the Company and the Company’s grant of equity interests to Executive, if a final judicial determination is made by a court of competent jurisdiction that the time or territory or any other restriction contained in this Agreement is an unenforceable restriction against Executive, the provisions of this Agreement shall not be rendered void but shall be deemed amended to apply as to maximum time and territory and to such maximum extent as such court may judicially determine or indicate to be enforceable. Alternatively, if any court of competent jurisdiction finds that any restriction contained in this Agreement is unenforceable, and such restriction cannot be amended to make it enforceable, such finding shall not affect the enforceability of any of the other restrictions contained herein.

(e) Extension of Restricted Period. The period of time during which the provisions of this Section 6 shall be in effect shall be extended by the length of time during which Executive is in breach of the terms hereof as determined by any court of competent jurisdiction on the Company’s application for injunctive relief.

(f) Garden Leave Period. The period of time during which the provisions of this Section 6 shall be in effect shall be reduced by the Garden Leave Period (if elected).

7. Confidentiality; Intellectual Property.

(a) Confidentiality.

(i) Executive will not at any time (whether during or after Executive’s employment with the Company), (x) retain; or (y) disclose, divulge, reveal, communicate, share, transfer or provide access to any Person outside any Company Group member (other than (A) Executive’s professional advisers who are bound by confidentiality obligations, (B) in performance of Executive’s duties under Executive’s employment pursuant to customary industry practice, (C) in connection with any litigation proceedings for enforcement by Executive of Executive’s rights under this Agreement and (D) to Executive’s representatives who have a need to know such information for tax or financial reporting reasons), any non-public, proprietary or confidential information (in any form or medium, including text, digital or electronic) – including, without limitation, trade secrets, know-how, research and development, software, databases, inventions, processes, formulae, technology, designs and other intellectual property, information concerning finances, investments, profits, pricing, costs, products, services, vendors, customers, clients, partners, investors, personnel, compensation, recruiting, training, advertising, sales, marketing, promotions, government and regulatory activities and approvals (in any form or medium, tangible or intangible) –concerning the past, current or future business, activities and operations of an Company Group member and/or any third party that has disclosed or provided any of same to any Company Group member on a confidential basis (“Confidential Information”) without the prior written authorization of the Board. Executive will not at any time (whether during or after Executive’s employment with the Company Group) use any Confidential Information for the benefit, purposes or account of Executive or any other Person, other than in the performance of Executive’s duties under this Agreement.

(ii) “Confidential Information” shall not include any information that is (A) generally known to the industry or the public other than as a result of Executive’s breach of this covenant; (B) made available to Executive by a third party without breach of any confidentiality or other wrongful act of which Executive has knowledge; (C) required by law to be disclosed; provided that with respect to subsection (C) Executive shall (to the extent legally permissible and reasonably practicable) give prompt written notice to the Company of such requirement, disclose no more information than is required, and reasonably cooperate with any attempts by any Company Group member to obtain a protective order or similar treatment; or (D) permitted to be disclosed pursuant to any organizational document of the Company Group.

(iii) Except as required by law, Executive will not disclose to anyone, other than Executive’s family (it being understood that, in this Agreement, the term “family” refers to Executive, Executive’s spouse, spouse equivalent, children, parents, spouse’s parents and spouse equivalent’s parents) and advisors, the existence or contents of this Agreement; provided that Executive may disclose to any prospective future employer the provisions of Section 6 and Section 7 of this Agreement and, may disclose the existence or contents of this Agreement in connection with any litigation proceedings for enforcement by Executive of Executive’s rights under this Agreement (provided that, in connection with any such litigation or proceedings not involving the Company Group or any of their Affiliates, Executive shall (to the extent legally permissible and reasonably practicable) disclose no more information than is required). This Section 7(a)(iii) shall terminate if the Company publicly discloses a copy of this Agreement (or, if the Company publicly discloses summaries or excerpts of this Agreement, to the extent so disclosed).

(iv) Upon termination of Executive’s employment with the Company for any reason, Executive shall, upon the Company’s request, promptly destroy, delete, or return to the Company, at the Company’s option, all originals and copies in any form or medium (including memoranda, books, papers, plans, computer files, letters and other data) in Executive’s possession or control (including any of the foregoing stored or located in Executive’s office, home, laptop or other computer, whether or not Company property) that contain Confidential Information, except that Executive may retain only those portions of any personal notes, notebooks and diaries that do not contain any Confidential Information and nothing herein shall require Executive to destroy any computer records or files containing Confidential Information which Executive required to maintain pursuant to applicable law or in connection with any litigation proceedings for enforcement by Executive of Executive’s rights under this Agreement; provided that the provisions of this Agreement will continue to apply to such Confidential Information.

(v) Nothing in this Agreement shall prohibit or impede Executive from communicating, cooperating or filing a complaint with the U.S. federal, state or local governmental or law enforcement branch, agency or entity (or similar bodies of relevant foreign jurisdictions) (collectively, a “Governmental Entity”) with respect to possible violations of any applicable law or regulation, or from otherwise making disclosures to any Governmental Entity that are protected under the whistleblower provisions of any such law or regulation; provided that in each case such communications and disclosures are consistent with applicable law, and nothing shall preclude Executive’s right to receive an award from a Governmental Entity for information provided under any whistleblower program. Executive does not need the prior authorization of (or to give notice to) the Company regarding any such communication or disclosure.

(vi) Pursuant to the Defend Trade Secrets Act of 2016, the Company and Executive hereby confirm, understand and acknowledges that Executive shall not be held criminally or civilly liable under any applicable federal or state trade secret law for the disclosure of a trade secret that is made (A) in confidence to a federal, state or local government official, either directly or indirectly, or to an attorney, in each case solely for the purpose of reporting or investigating a suspected violation of law, or (B) in a complaint or other document filed in a lawsuit or other proceeding, if such filing is made under seal. The Company and Executive hereby confirm, understand and acknowledge further that if Executive files a lawsuit for retaliation by an employee or for reporting a suspected violation of law, Executive may disclose the trade secret to Executive’s attorney and use the trade secret information in the court proceeding, if Executive (x) files any document containing the trade secret under seal and (y) does not disclose the trade secret, except pursuant to court order. Moreover, Executive does not need the prior authorization of (or to give notice to) the Company regarding any such communication or disclosure. Except as required by applicable law, under no circumstance will Executive be authorized to disclose any information covered by attorney-client privilege or attorney work product of the Company, without prior written consent of the Company’s General Counsel or other officer designated by the Company.

(b) Intellectual Property.

(i) If Executive creates, invents, designs, develops, contributes to or improves any works of authorship, inventions, concepts, intellectual property, materials, trademarks or similar rights, documents or other work product (including without limitation, research, reports, software, algorithms, techniques, databases, systems, applications, presentations, textual works, content, improvements, or audiovisual materials), whether or not patentable or registrable under patent, trademark, copyright or similar laws (“Works”), either alone or with third parties, at any time during Executive’s employment by the Company Group members and within the scope of such employment (it being understood that, for the avoidance of doubt, the activities set forth on Exhibit II shall not be considered within the scope of such employment for the purposes of this Section 7) and/or with the use of any resources of any Company Group member or their respective Affiliates, such Works shall be “Company Group Works” (it being understood that, notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, in no event shall Executive’s name, likeness, image or any other rights of publicity be considered Company Group Works). Executive agrees that all such Company Group Works shall, as between the parties hereto, be the sole and exclusive property and intellectual property of the Company. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Executive hereby irrevocably assigns, transfers and conveys (and agrees to so assign, transfer and convey), to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, all of Executive’s right, title, and interest therein (including rights under patent, industrial property, copyright, trademark, trade secret, unfair competition, other intellectual property laws, and related laws) to the Company Group members to the extent ownership of any such rights does not vest originally in such Company Group members whether as a “work made for hire” or by virtue of the prior sentence. If Executive creates any written records (in the form of notes, sketches, drawings, or any other tangible form or media) of any Company Group Works such records will remain, as between the parties hereto, the sole property and intellectual property of the Company Group at all times. For clarity, any activities (A) using Executive’s name, likeness, image or any other rights of publicity, to the extent such activities would not otherwise be prohibited by Section 6 of the Agreement and are outside of the ordinary course of business of the Company Group, as such business exists now or at any time in the future, or (B) that are otherwise approved by the Board (which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed) shall not be considered within the scope of Executive’s employment for the purposes of this Section 7.

(ii) Executive shall take all reasonably requested actions and execute all reasonably requested documents (including any licenses or assignments required by a government contract) at the expense of any Company Group member (but without further remuneration) to assist the applicable Company Group member or its affiliates in validating, maintaining, protecting, enforcing, perfecting, recording, patenting or registering any of the Company Group members’ rights in the Company Group Works. Executive hereby designates and appoints the Company and its designees as Executive’s agent and attorney-in-fact, to act for and in Executive’s behalf and stead solely to the extent necessary to execute and file such documents and solely to the extent Executive is unable or unwilling to do so. This power of attorney is coupled with an interest and is irrevocable. Executive shall not knowingly take any actions inconsistent with the Company’s ownership rights set forth in this Section 7, including by filing to register any Company Group Works in Executive’s own name.

(iii) Executive shall not improperly use for the benefit of, bring to any premises of, divulge, disclose, communicate, reveal, transfer or provide access to, or share with any Company Group member or their respective Affiliates any confidential, proprietary or non-public information or intellectual property relating to a former employer or other third party without the prior written permission of such third party. Executive shall comply with all relevant policies and guidelines of the Company Group that are from time to time previously disclosed to Executive, including regarding the protection of Confidential Information and intellectual property and potential conflicts of interest.

(iv) Executive has listed on the attached Exhibit II, Works that are owned by Executive, in whole or jointly with others prior to Executive’s employment with the Company (such Works, together with any other Works owned by Executive in whole or jointly with others prior to Executive’s employment with the Company Group, collectively, “Prior Works”). Executive shall not use any Prior Work in connection with Executive’s employment with the Company Group without prior written consent of the Company. If, in connection with Executive’s employment with the Company, Executive incorporates into any Company product, service or process any Prior Work (or any portion of a Prior Work), in any manner whatsoever, Executive grants the Company a non-exclusive, perpetual (or the maximum time period allowed by applicable law), sub-licensable, assignable, royalty-free right and worldwide license to use, modify, reproduce, reduce to practice, market, distribute, communicate and/or sell such Prior Work or portion of such Prior Work solely to the extent necessary for the Company to exploit such Company product, service or process. The Company, on behalf of itself and the other members of the Company Group, agrees that any and all Prior Works shall, as between the parties hereto, be and remain the sole and exclusive property and intellectual property of Executive. For the avoidance of doubt, notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, in no event shall any Prior Works (or any portion thereof) be considered “Confidential Information” under this Agreement.

8. Specific Performance. Executive acknowledges and agrees that the remedies of the Company Group at law for a breach or threatened breach of any of the provisions of Section 6 and Section 7 of this Agreement would be inadequate and the Company Group would suffer irreparable damages as a result of such breach or threatened breach. In recognition of this fact, Executive agrees that, in the event of such a material breach, in addition to any remedies at law, any member of the Company Group, without posting any bond, shall be entitled, in addition to any other remedy available at law or equity, to cease making any payments or providing any benefit otherwise required by this Agreement, and may be entitled to obtain equitable relief in the form of specific performance, temporary restraining order, temporary or permanent injunction or any other equitable remedy which may then be available. Any determination as to whether Executive is in compliance with Section 6 and Section 7 hereof shall be determined without regard to whether the Company Group could obtain an injunction or other equitable relief under the law of any particular jurisdiction.

9. Miscellaneous.

(a) Indemnification; Directors’ and Officers’ Insurance. The Company shall indemnify and hold Executive harmless from and against any and all liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, fines, taxes and interest and penalties thereon (other than taxes based on fees or other compensation received by Executive from the Company), claims, demands, actions, suits, proceedings (whether civil, criminal, administrative, investigative or otherwise), costs, expenses and disbursements (including reasonable and documented legal and accounting fees and expenses, costs of investigation and sums paid in settlement) of any kind or nature whatsoever (collectively, “Claims and Expenses”), which may be imposed on, incurred by or asserted at any time against Executive that arises out of or relates to Executive’s service as an officer, director or employee, as the case may be, of any Company Group member, or Executive’s service in any such capacity or similar capacity with an affiliate of the Company Group or other entity at the request of the Company Group; provided that Executive shall not be entitled to indemnification hereunder against any Claims or Expenses that are finally determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to have resulted from any act or omission that (i) is a criminal act by Executive or (ii) constitutes fraud or willful misconduct by Executive. The Company shall pay the expenses (including reasonable legal fees and expenses and costs of investigation) incurred by Executive in defending any such claim, demand, action, suit or proceeding as such expenses are incurred by Executive and in advance of the final disposition of such matter; provided that Executive undertakes to repay such expenses if it is determined by agreement between Executive and the Company or, in the absence of such an agreement, by a final judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction that Executive is not entitled to be indemnified by the Company Group. The Company (or other Company Group member) will maintain directors’ and officers’ liability insurance providing coverage in such scope and subject to such limits as the Company determines, in its discretion, is appropriate.

(b) Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Oregon, without regard to conflicts of laws principles thereof that would direct the application of the law of any other jurisdiction.

(c) Jurisdiction; Venue. Each of the parties hereto irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of any federal or state court sitting in the State of Oregon over any suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement and each of the parties agrees that any action relating in any way to this Agreement must be commenced only in the federal or state courts of Oregon. Each of the parties hereto hereby irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted or not prohibited by law, any objection which it may now or hereafter have to the laying of the venue of any such suit, action or proceeding brought in such a court and any claim that any such suit, action or proceeding brought in such a court has been brought in an inconvenient forum. Each of the parties hereto hereby irrevocably consents to the service of process in any suit, action or proceeding by sending the same by certified mail, return receipt requested, or by recognized overnight courier service, to the address of such party set forth in Section 9(j).

(d) Entire Agreement; Amendments. This Agreement (including, without limitation, the exhibits attached hereto) contains the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the employment of Executive by any member of the Company Group, and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings between Executive and any member of the Company Group regarding the terms and conditions of Executive’s employment with the Company Group (including the Original Agreement), with the exception of any applicable prior invention assignment or the protections that exist under the terms of any applicable long term incentive plan (or any earned compensation, including under any retirement or deferred compensation plans), the Company’s 2021 Incentive Stock Plan and any other equity, option or warrant plan entered into between the Company and Executive. In addition, if the Company Group is a party to one or more agreements with Executive related to the matters subject to Section 6 and Section 7, such other agreement(s) shall remain in full force and effect and continue in addition to this Agreement, including, without limitation, any covenants pertaining to confidentiality, nondisclosure, non-competition, non-solicitation and non-disparagement applicable to Executive. There are no restrictions, agreements, promises, warranties, covenants or undertakings between the parties with respect to the subject matter herein other than those expressly set forth herein. This Agreement (including, without limitation, the exhibits attached hereto) may not be altered, modified, or amended except by written instrument signed by the parties hereto.

(e) No Waiver. The failure of a party to insist upon strict adherence to any term of this Agreement on any occasion shall not be considered a waiver of such party’s rights or deprive such party of the right thereafter to insist upon strict adherence to that term or any other term of this Agreement.

(f) Set Off; No Mitigation. The Company’s obligation to pay Executive the amounts provided hereunder pursuant to Section 5(c)(ii)(B), Section 5(c)(ii)(C), Section 5(d)(i)(B) and Section 5(d)(i)(C), as applicable, following the Employment Term shall be subject to set-off for amounts owed by Executive to any Company Group member. Executive shall not be required to mitigate the amount of any payment provided for pursuant to this Agreement by seeking other employment, and such payments owed by the Company Group shall not be reduced by any compensation or benefits received from any subsequent employer (except as provided for in Section 5(d)(i)(C)), self-employment or other endeavor.

(g) Severability. In the event that any one or more of the provisions of this Agreement shall be or become invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Agreement shall not be affected thereby.

(h) Assignment. This Agreement and all of Executive’s rights and duties hereunder shall not be assignable or delegable by Executive. Any purported assignment or delegation by Executive in violation of the foregoing shall be null and void ab initio and of no force and effect. This Agreement shall automatically be assigned by the Company to a person or entity which is a successor in interest (“Successor”) to all or substantially all of the then-business operations of the Company. Upon such assignment, the rights and obligations of the Company hereunder shall become the rights and obligations of such Successor.

(i) Compliance with Code Section 409A.

(i) The intent of the parties is that payments and benefits under this Agreement comply with or be exempt from Code Section 409A and the regulations and guidance issued thereunder (“Section 409A”) and, accordingly, to the maximum extent permitted, this Agreement shall be interpreted to be in compliance therewith. If any provision of this Agreement (or of any award of compensation, including equity compensation or benefits) would cause Executive to incur any additional tax or interest under Section 409A, the Company shall, after consulting with and receiving the approval of Executive, reform such provision in a manner intended to avoid the incurrence by Executive of any such additional tax or interest.

(ii) A termination of employment shall not be deemed to have occurred for purposes of any provision of this Agreement providing for the payment of any amounts or benefits that are considered nonqualified deferred compensation under Section 409A upon or following a termination of employment unless such termination is also a “separation from service” within the meaning of Section 409A, and, for purposes of any such provision of this Agreement, references to a “termination,” “termination of employment” or like terms shall mean “separation from service.” The determination of whether and when a separation from service has occurred for proposes of this Agreement shall be made in accordance with the presumptions set forth in Section 1.409A-1(h) of the Treasury Regulations.

(iii) Any provision of this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, if at the time of Executive’s separation from service, the Company determines that Executive is a “specified employee,” within the meaning of Section 409A, then to the extent any payment or benefit that Executive becomes entitled to under this Agreement on account of such separation from service would be considered nonqualified deferred compensation under Section 409A, such payment or benefit shall be paid or provided at the date which is the earlier of (x) six months and one day after such separation from service and (y) the date of Executive’s death (the “Delay Period”). Upon the expiration of the Delay Period, all payments and benefits delayed pursuant to this Section 9(i) (whether they would have otherwise been payable in a single sum or in installments in the absence of such delay) shall be paid or provided to Executive in a lump-sum, and any remaining payments and benefits due under this Agreement shall be paid or provided in accordance with the normal payment dates specified herein.

(iv) Any reimbursements and in-kind benefits provided under this Agreement that constitute deferred compensation within the meaning of Section 409A shall be made or provided in accordance with the requirements of Section 409A, including that (A) in no event shall any fees, expenses or other amounts eligible to be reimbursed by the Company under this Agreement be paid later than the last day of the calendar year that follows the calendar year in which the applicable fees, expenses or other amounts were incurred; (B) the amount of expenses eligible for reimbursement, or in kind benefits that the Company is obligated to pay or provide, in any given calendar year shall not affect the expenses that the Company is obligated to reimburse, or the in-kind benefits that the Company is obligated to pay or provide, in any other calendar year, provided that the foregoing clause (B) shall not be violated with regard to expenses reimbursed under any arrangement covered by Code Section 105(b) solely because such expenses are subject to a limit related to the period the arrangement is in effect; and (C) Executive’s right to have the Company pay or provide such reimbursements and in-kind benefits may not be liquidated or exchanged for any other benefit.

(v) For purposes of Section 409A, Executive’s right to receive any installment payments shall be treated as a right to receive a series of separate and distinct payments. Whenever a payment under this Agreement specifies a payment period with reference to a number of days (for example, “payment shall be made within 30 days following the date of termination”), the actual date of payment within the specified period shall be within the sole discretion of the Company. In no event may Executive, directly or indirectly, designate the calendar year of any payment to be made under this Agreement, to the extent such payment is subject to Section 409A.

(j) Notice. For the purpose of this Agreement, notices and all other communications provided for in the Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given when delivered by hand or overnight courier or three days after it has been mailed by United States registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, addressed to the respective addresses set forth below in this Agreement, or to such other address as either party may have furnished to the other in writing in accordance herewith, except that notice of change of address shall be effective only upon receipt.

If to the Company:

Expion360 Inc.

2025 SW Deerhound Ave.

Redmond, OR 97756
Attention: Brian Schaffner

with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:

Stradling Yocca Carlson & Rauth
10100 Santa Monica Blvd., Suite 1400
Los Angeles, CA 90067
Attn: Ryan Wilkins

If to Executive:

To the most recent address of Executive set forth in the personnel records of the Company.

(k) Executive Representation. Executive hereby represents to the Company that the execution and delivery of this Agreement by Executive and the performance by Executive of Executive’s duties hereunder shall not constitute a breach of the terms of any employment agreement or other agreement or written policy to which Executive is a party or otherwise bound. Executive hereby further represents that Executive is not subject to any agreement with a previous employer that is unaffiliated with the Company Group that contains any restrictions on Executive’s ability to solicit, hire or engage any employee or other service provider of such previous, unaffiliated employer that would restrict the ability of Executive to perform Executive’s duties hereunder. Executive agrees that the Company is relying on the foregoing representations in entering into this Agreement and related equity-based award agreements.

(l) Cooperation. Executive shall provide reasonable cooperation in connection with any pending claim, litigation, regulatory or administrative proceeding involving any Company Group member (or any appeal from any action or proceeding) arising out of or related to the period when Executive was employed by any Company Group member. In the event that Executive’s cooperation is requested after the termination of Executive’s employment, the applicable Company Group member shall (i) use its reasonable efforts to minimize interruptions to Executive’s personal and professional schedule and (ii) pay Executive an agreeable amount for Executive’s time and (iii) reimburse Executive for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses actually incurred by Executive in connection with such cooperation upon reasonable substantiation of such expenses.

(m) Withholding Taxes. The Company may withhold from any amounts payable under this Agreement such federal, state and local taxes as may be required to be withheld pursuant to any applicable law or regulation. Any amounts so withheld shall be properly paid over to the appropriate government authority.

(n) Counterparts. This Agreement may be signed in counterparts, each of which shall be an original, with the same effect as if the signatures thereto and hereto were upon the same instrument.

[Signature Page Follows]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties herein have duly executed this Agreement as of the day and year first above written.

EXPION360 INC.

By: /s/ Brian Schaffner
Name: Brian Schaffner
Title: CEO

EXECUTIVE

/s/ Shawna Bowin
Shawna Bowin

EX-10.6 3 ex10_6.htm

Exhibit 10.6

Expion360 Inc.

Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy

Non-employee members of the board of directors (the “Board”) of Expion360 Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), shall be eligible to receive cash and equity compensation as set forth in this Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy (this “Policy”). The cash and equity compensation described in this Policy shall be paid or be made, as applicable, automatically and without further action of the Board, to each member of the Board who is not an employee of the Company or any parent or subsidiary of the Company (each, a “Non-Employee Director”) who is entitled to receive such cash or equity compensation, unless such Non-Employee Director declines the receipt of such cash or equity compensation by written notice to the Company. This Policy was amended and restated by the Board on October 16, 2025 (such time, the “Effective Time”) and shall remain in effect until it is revised or rescinded by further action of the Board. This Policy may be amended, modified or terminated by the Board at any time in its sole discretion. The terms and conditions of this Policy shall supersede any prior cash and/or equity compensation arrangements for service as a member of the Board between the Company and any of its Non-Employee Directors and between any subsidiary of the Company and any of its Non-Employee Directors. No Non-Employee Director shall have any rights hereunder, except with respect to equity awards granted pursuant to this Policy.

1. Cash Compensation.

(a) Annual Retainers. Each Non-Employee Director shall receive an annual cash retainer of $110,000 for service on the Board. In addition, the Non-Executive Chairperson of the Board shall receive an annual cash retainer of $80,000 for service as the Non-Executive Chairperson of the Board.

(b) Annual Retainers for Chairpersons of Committees. Each Non-Employee Director who chairs a Committee shall receive an annual cash retainer in addition to any cash retainer described in Section 1(a) in the following amounts:

(1) the Chairperson of the Audit Committee shall receive an annual cash retainer of $20,000 for such service;

(2) the Chairperson of the Compensation Committee shall receive an annual cash retainer of $15,000 for such service; and

(3) the Chairperson of the Nominating and Governance Committee shall receive an annual cash retainer of $10,000 for such service.

(c) Payment of Retainers. The annual retainers described in Sections 1(a) and 1(b) shall be paid on a semiannual basis by the Company not later than January 1st and July 1st of each year.

(d) No Meeting Fees. No meeting fees will be paid to any Non-Employee Director for attending any meetings of the Board or its committees.

2. Equity Compensation. Non-Employee Directors shall be granted the equity awards described below. The awards described below shall be granted under and shall be subject to the terms and provisions of the Company’s 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (such plan, as it may be amended from time to time, the “Equity Plan”) or any other applicable Company equity plan then maintained by the Company and shall be granted subject to the execution and delivery of award agreements, including attached exhibits, in substantially the forms previously approved by the Board. All applicable terms of the Equity Plan apply to this Policy as if fully set forth herein, and all equity grants hereunder are subject in all respects to the terms of the Equity Plan.

(a) Annual Awards. Each Non-Employee Director who (i) serves on the Board as of the date of any annual meeting of the Company’s stockholders (an “Annual Meeting”) after the Effective Time and (ii) will continue to serve as a Non-Employee Director immediately following such Annual Meeting shall be automatically granted, on the date of such Annual Meeting, a restricted stock unit award with respect to common shares of the Company with a grant-date value based on the closing price per common share of the Company on the date of such Annual Meeting (or on the last preceding trading day if the date of the Annual Meeting is not a trading day) equal to $60,000. The awards described in this Section 2(a) shall be referred to as the “Annual Awards.” For the avoidance of doubt, a Non-Employee Director elected for the first time to the Board at an Annual Meeting shall receive only an Annual Award in connection with such election and shall not receive any Initial Award on the date of such Annual Meeting as well.

(b) Initial Awards. Except as otherwise determined by the Board, each Non-Employee Director who is initially elected or appointed to the Board after the Effective Time, on any date other than the date of an Annual Meeting, shall be automatically granted, on the date of such Non-Employee Director’s initial election or appointment (such Non-Employee Director’s “Start Date”), a restricted stock unit award with respect to common shares of the Company with a grant-date value based on the closing price per common share of the Company on the Start Date (or on the last preceding trading day if the Start Date is not a trading day) equal to $60,000. The awards described in this Section 2(b) shall be referred to as the “Initial Awards”. For the avoidance of doubt, no Non-Employee Director shall be granted more than one Initial Award.

(c) Termination of Employment of Employee Directors. Members of the Board who are employees of the Company or any parent or subsidiary of the Company who subsequently terminate their employment with the Company and any parent or subsidiary of the Company and remain on the Board will not receive an Initial Award pursuant to Section 2(b) above, but to the extent that they are otherwise eligible, will be eligible to receive, after termination from service with the Company and any parent or subsidiary of the Company, Annual Awards as described in Section 2(a) above.

(d) Vesting of Awards Granted to Non-Employee Directors.

(i) Annual Awards and Initial Awards. Each Annual Award and Initial Award shall vest and become exercisable on the earlier of: (i) the day immediately preceding the date of the first Annual Meeting following the date of grant and (ii) the first anniversary of the date of grant, subject to the Non-Employee Director continuing in service on the Board through the applicable vesting date. No portion of an Initial Award or Annual Award, as applicable, that is unvested at the time of a Non-Employee Director’s termination of service on the Board shall become vested thereafter and any such unvested portion shall be terminated as of the date of such termination of service without any consideration therefor.

(ii) Accelerated Vesting. All of a Non-Employee Director’s Annual Awards and Initial Awards shall vest in full immediately prior to the occurrence of a Change in Control (as defined in the Equity Plan), to the extent outstanding at such time, subject to such Non-Employee Director’s continued service on the Board immediately prior to the occurrence of such Change in Control.

3. Expense Reimbursement. Each Non-Employee Director will be reimbursed for any out-of-pocket expenses reasonably incurred by him or her in connection with services provided in such capacity.

EX-31.1 4 ex31_1.htm

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Joseph Hammer, certify that:

I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025 (the “Report”) of Expion360 Inc. (the “Registrant”);

Based on my knowledge, this Report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this Report;

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this Report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this Report;

The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:

designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this Report is being prepared;

designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with general accepted accounting principles;

evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this Report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this Report based on such evaluation; and

disclosed in this Report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 13, 2025

/s/ Joseph Hammer

Joseph Hammer

Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors

(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2 5 ex31_2.htm

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Shawna Bowin, certify that:

I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025 (the “Report”) of Expion360 Inc. (the “Registrant”);

any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 13, 2025	/s/ Shawna Bowin
	Shawna Bowin
	Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1 6 ex32_1.htm

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Expion360 Inc. (the “Company”) for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025 (the “Report”), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, the undersigned officer of the Company hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of his knowledge:

(1)

The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2)

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in the Report.

Date: November 13, 2025	/s/ Joseph Hammer
	Joseph Hammer
	Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors
	(Principal Executive Officer)

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely to accompany the Report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, and is not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EX-32.2 7 ex32_2.htm

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Expion360 Inc. (the “Company”) for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025 (the “Report”), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, the undersigned officer of the Company, hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of her knowledge:

The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company, as of, and for, the periods presented in the Report.

Date: November 13, 2025	/s/ Shawna Bowin
	Shawna Bowin
	Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely to accompany the Report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, and is not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.