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________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023

For the transition period from __________________ to ____________________

Date of event requiring this shell company report _________

Commission file number: 001-40634

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

________________________________________________________

Securities registered or to be registered, pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital stock or common stock as of the close of business covered by the annual report:

37,222,549 ordinary shares at December 31, 2023

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. o

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. o

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery of analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to 240.10D-1(b) o

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.

Item 17  o Item 18  o

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Gambling.com Group Limited and its consolidated subsidiaries (the “Company, the “Group,” “we,” “us, “our” and words of similar references) reports its consolidated financial statements under International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (the “IASB”), and as adopted by the European Union (“EU”). None of our financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We maintain our books and records in Euros (“EUR”), the functional currency of the Company. The reporting currency for our financial statements is United States dollars (“USD” or “U.S. dollars”). Unless otherwise noted, the financial information presented herein as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 is stated in U.S. dollars, our reporting currency. All dollar amounts in this annual report are in thousands of USD unless otherwise stated. All references herein to “our financial statements,” “our consolidated financial information,” and “our consolidated financial statements” are to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report.

This financial information should be read in conjunction with “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – Operating Results” and our consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto, included elsewhere in this annual report.

Our fiscal year ends on December 31. References in this annual report to a fiscal year, such as “fiscal year 2023,” relate to our fiscal year ended on December 31 of that calendar year.

The Company’s functional currency is Euros. USD has been selected as the reporting currency to ensure comparability with the financial reports of similar entities. You should not construe these translations as representations by us that the amounts actually represent these U.S. dollar amounts or could be converted into USD at the rates indicated. See “Note 2—Foreign Currency Translation” to our consolidated financial statements for rates utilized to translate Euro amounts into the reporting currency of USD.

Some of our financial and operational data that we disclose in this annual report is presented on a "constant currency" basis to isolate the effect of currency changes during the year. Where we refer to a measure being calculated in “constant currency,” we are calculating the dollar change and the percentage change as if the exchange rate that is being used in the current period was in effect for all prior periods presented. We believe that this calculation provides a more meaningful indication of actual period over period performance and eliminates any fluctuations from currency exchange rates.

We have made rounding adjustments to some of the figures included in this annual report. Accordingly, numerical figures shown as totals in some tables may not be an arithmetic aggregation of the figures that preceded them.

Management uses several financial measures, both IFRS and non-IFRS financial measures, in analyzing and assessing the overall performance of the business and for making operational decisions. Such non-IFRS measures are Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA Margin, Adjusted Net Income, Adjusted Net Income Per Diluted Share and Free Cash Flow. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – Operating Results – Non-IFRS Financial Measures.”

▪“B2B” refers to business-to-business.

▪“CPA” or “Cost Per Acquisition” refers to a model where an online gambling affiliate receives a single cash payment for each referred player that satisfies certain agreed upon criteria.

▪“Customers” refers to online gambling operators to which online gamblers are referred by online gambling affiliates.

▪“GGR” refers to gross gaming revenue.

▪“Hybrid” refers to a model where an online gambling affiliate receives a combination of revenue share and CPA per referred player.

▪“iGaming” refers to online casino services which offer games typically available in land-based casinos such as blackjack, roulette, and slot machines.

▪“NDCs” refers to new depositing customers at an online gambling operator. We and some of our peers track the NDCs we generate for our customers as a key performance indicator, or KPI, to understand the ongoing performance of our platform. When used in “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – Operating Results,” an NDC refers to a unique referral of a player from our system to one of our customers that satisfied an agreed performance obligation (typically making a deposit above a minimum threshold) with the customer thereby triggering the right to a commission for us.

▪“NGR” refers to net gaming revenue, calculated by making certain deductions from GGR such as bonuses, taxes and fees.

▪“Online gamblers” refers to end users of online gambling services.

▪“Online gambling” refers to all forms of online gambling including sports betting, iGaming, daily fantasy sports, poker and bingo among others.

▪“Online gambling affiliates” refers to companies that provide performance marketing services to online gambling operators.

▪“Online gambling operators” refers to licensed companies that operate real money online gambling services on one or more of their own websites.

▪“Organic growth” refers to the percentage change in revenue during a period compared to the same period the previous year. Organic growth is adjusted to exclude revenue from businesses acquired during the past 12 months.

▪“Our referred players” refers to the entire body of online gamblers who we have referred to our customers.

▪“Revenue share” refers to a model where an online gambling affiliate is compensated with a percentage of the NGR produced by a pool of referred players.

▪“SEO” refers to search engine optimization.

This annual report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Securities Act”), Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), and as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (“PSLRA”) that are subject to risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements include information about possible or assumed future results of our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, plans and objectives. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “believe,” “may,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “should,” “plan,” “expect,” “predict,” “potential,” “could,” “will,” “would,” “ongoing,” “future” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, such matters as:

▪our ability to manage our continued expansion, including in (i) the United States, both into new states as they launch and in the United States generally, and (ii) in other markets in which we currently operate, and (iii) expansion into other new markets;

▪our ability to compete in our industry;

▪our expectations regarding our financial performance, including our revenue, costs, EBITDA, and other non-IFRS measures;

▪our ability to mitigate and address unanticipated performance problems on our websites or platforms;

▪our ability to attract, retain, and maintain good relations with our customers;

▪our ability to anticipate market needs or develop new or enhanced offerings and services to meet those needs;

▪the sufficiency of our cash, cash equivalents, and investments to meet our liquidity needs, including to help finance potential acquisitions;

▪our ability to stay in compliance with laws and regulations, including gaming regulations and tax laws, that currently apply or may become applicable to our business both in the United States and internationally, and our expectations regarding various laws and restrictions that relate to our business;

▪our ability to maintain, protect, and enhance our intellectual property;

▪our ability to anticipate the effects of existing and developing laws and regulations, including with respect to gaming and taxation, and privacy and data protection that relate to our business;

▪our ability to identify, recruit, and retain skilled personnel, including key members of senior management;

▪our ability to successfully identify, manage, consummate, and integrate any existing and potential acquisitions;

▪our ability to manage the increased expenses associated and compliance demands with being a public company;

▪our ability to maintain our foreign private issuer status;

▪our ability to effectively manage our growth and maintain our corporate culture; and

▪other factors detailed herein under “Item 3. Key Information – Risk Factors.”

The preceding list is not intended to be an exhaustive list of all of our forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions, and expectations of future performance, taking into account the information currently available to us. These statements are only predictions based upon our current expectations and projections about future events. There are important factors that could cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements to differ materially from the results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. In particular, you should consider the risks provided under “Item 3. Key Information – Risk Factors” in this annual report.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that future results, levels of activity, performance and events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or will occur. Each forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date of the particular statement. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this annual report, to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations.

The following is a summary of some of the principal risks we face:

•We rely on traffic to our websites to grow revenue. Our business could be negatively affected by changes in search engine algorithms and dynamics and the potential of artificial intelligence to disrupt the prevailing paradigm within online searches.

•The online gambling industry is heavily regulated. Changes to the regulatory framework in the jurisdictions in which we operate could restrict our ability to advertise or could harm our customers’ business, which could in turn negatively affect our financial performance.

•Our industry continues to evolve, which makes it difficult to evaluate our current business and forecast of future prospects.

•We derive a significant portion of our revenue from our ten largest customers. The loss of one or more of these customers could materially negatively impact our results.

•We do not have long-term commitments from our customers, and we may not be able to retain customers or attract new customers that provide us with revenue that is comparable to the revenue generated by any customers we may lose.

•A large portion of our revenue depends on our customers’ calculated revenue and cost base and could therefore vary or be subject to miscalculations or misrepresentation.

•We depend on key personnel to operate our business. An inability to retain, attract and integrate qualified personnel would harm our ability to develop and successfully grow our business.

•Our ability to increase our revenue depends on our ability to introduce successful new products and services. Our ongoing investments in developing products and services involve significant risks, could disrupt our current operations and may not produce the long-term benefits that we expect.

•If we fail to protect or enforce our rights in our proprietary technology, brands or other intellectual property, or face any potential liability and expense for legal claims for infringement of intellectual property rights of others, our competitive position and our business could be materially adversely affected.

•An actual, alleged or perceived security incident, including a cybersecurity attack, inadvertent disclosure or breach of sensitive information, including confidential and personal information we process, or of the security of our or our customers’, vendors’, or partners’ networks and systems could be detrimental to our business, reputation, financial information and results of operations.

•Systems failures and resulting interruptions in the availability of our websites, apps, or platforms could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

•Changes within the technology platforms of the operators we work with, as well as with our media partner, could alter the ability of our advertising technology to more accurately target and service NDCs which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

•We have acquired, and may continue to acquire, other companies, domain names, and/or technologies, which could divert management’s attention and otherwise disrupt our operations and harm our operating results, whether or not the acquisition is consummated. We may fail to acquire businesses whose market power or technology could be important to the future success of our business.

•If we fail to manage our rapid growth effectively, our brand, business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

•The impact of economic conditions, including foreign exchange rates, inflation, and the resulting effect on consumer spending, may adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

•The impact of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 may adversely affect our future financial condition, and results of operations.

•We identified a material weakness in our internal control over our financial reporting process. If we are unable to remediate the material weakness, we may not be able to accurately or timely report our financial condition or results of operations.

•Negative events or negative media coverage relating to online gambling may adversely impact our ability to retain or attract online gamblers, which could have an adverse impact on our business.

•We and our customers may have difficulty accessing the services of banks or the financial system and our business could be materially adversely affected.

•Our failure to obtain or maintain applicable licenses or approvals, or otherwise comply with applicable requirements, could adversely affect our business and our operations.

•We may be subject to legislation that limits or restricts the marketing of online gambling services and we could fail to comply with such legislation.

•We are subject to governmental regulation and other legal obligations related to privacy, data protection and information security. If we are unable to comply with these, we may be subject to governmental enforcement actions, litigation, fines and penalties or adverse publicity.

•Consolidation among online gambling operators may reduce demand for our products and profitability.

•Our status as a non-U.S. company could have certain material adverse effects on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

•Failure to meet ESG expectations or standards could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, or share price.

We rely heavily on Internet search engines, such as Google, through their unpaid search results, also known as organic search, to generate a significant portion of the traffic to our website. Traditionally, the vast majority of the traffic to our websites has come through unpaid channels, including SEO and direct.

SEO is the process of optimizing websites to make them more appealing to search engines so that they rank favorably in the search engines’ results pages for certain search queries. Although we believe that Google and other search engines are increasingly adept at identifying the high-quality content that deserves prominence, the factors affecting the appearance and rankings of search results are determined by search engines and are therefore not under our direct control.

For example, search engines change their algorithms periodically, which could cause our websites to appear lower or not at all in the search engines’ results pages. In the future, search engines may change the search results pages to promote search engines’ own products or services. In addition, search engines may favor paid searches over natural searches. As a result, our competitors’ pay-per-click advertising could receive higher prominence than our own websites.

Our websites have experienced fluctuations in search rankings in the past. While the amount of organic search traffic from Google across our entire portfolio consistently varies based on a variety of factors related to both search rankings and consumer demand, the amount of natural search traffic can shift up or down more significantly when Google implements a Core Algorithm Update to their search algorithm. Other known updates that Google have previously released simultaneously and on a consistent basis are the Product Review Updates, Spam Update and Help Content Update. These updates target specific areas of a website if they don’t meet Googles Guidelines but tend to have a lesser impact than the Core Updates.

Core Updates can lead to larger than normal changes in Google search engine rankings which in turn affect traffic, although some updates have no impact on certain websites. We have consistently seen increases in our natural search traffic between Core Algorithm updates. When updates are negative, we tend to continue to grow after the update is fully rolled out. When updates are positive, we tend to plateau for a short period after the update.

Google has also started to roll out and test new features within its own search engine results page (also known as SERP). These features can include Ads (Google Adwords), which are paid advertisements that look like a regular search result, ‘From sources across the web’, which are quicklinks to operators or partner pages that Google thinks the user is looking for when searching for a specific keyword, and ‘See results about’, which is another section of quicklinks. Lastly, there is the prospect of AI answering search queries and not profiling the source or the link to the website. All of these features can move the organic listings further down the page on Google and can affect the CTR (click through-rate) on a regular organic result.

In 2023, Google publicly announced nine major updates to its algorithm, and each of them can impact search ranking positions. Many updates do not impact our websites at all. Using Gambling.com as an example, two separate “product review” updates each averaged approximately a 10% increase in traffic. However, a “core update” in August 2023 had a slight negative effect on Gambling.com’s traffic. Despite all algorithm updates, Gambling.com traffic grew 47% year-over-year, but this may not always be the case in the future.

In addition to that, if the nature of search of engines fundamentally changes due to the potential of artificial intelligence to disrupt the prevailing paradigm within online searches, and users begin to prefer chatbot-style search engines, this could result in fewer users using “traditional” search engines and could have a material adverse effect on our revenue.

We launched operations in 2006 and, since then, have frequently expanded our business. Our evolving business makes it difficult to forecast our future results of operations. Our historical revenue growth should not be considered indicative of our future performance. These risks and challenges include our ability to:

•attract and retain new customers;

•increase the number of users of our websites and apps;

•continue to earn and preserve a reputation for providing meaningful and reliable reviews of our customers;

•successfully manage our growth;

•successfully develop and deploy new features and products;

•manage and integrate successfully acquisitions of businesses;

•avoid interruptions or disruptions on our platform; and

•recruit, integrate and retain talented personnel.

If we fail to address the risks and difficulties that we face, including those associated with the challenges listed above as well as those described elsewhere in section “Item 3. Key Information – Risk Factors,” our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected. Further, because we operate in a rapidly evolving market, any predictions about our future revenue and expenses may not be as accurate as they would be if we had operated in a more predictable market. We have encountered in the past, and will encounter in the future, risks, and uncertainties frequently experienced by growing companies in rapidly changing industries. If our assumptions regarding these risks and uncertainties, which we use to plan and operate our business, are incorrect or change, or if we do not address these risks successfully, our results of operations could differ materially from our expectations and our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Historically, we have derived a significant portion of our revenue from a limited number of customers. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, our ten largest customers accounted for 48%, 50% and 52% of our revenue, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2023, our largest customer accounted for 16% of our revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2022, our largest customer accounted for 9% of our revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2021, our two largest customers accounted for 13% and 10% of our revenue. These customers contributed more revenue than the other customers primarily because they were able to convert online gamblers into NDCs at a higher rate.

We cannot guarantee that our ten largest customers will always choose to use our service. In the event we lose a one of our ten largest customers, although we are able to direct online gamblers (i.e., traffic) to our other existing customers, those customers might not be able to convert online gamblers into NDCs as frequently as a top ten customer. If we are unable to maintain and renew our relationship with our ten largest customers, then our business would be materially adversely affected.

Most of our customers do business with us by placing orders for particular digital marketing services or entering into revenue share arrangements. If we perform well with respect to particular services, then the customer may place new orders with us for additional services or enter into new revenue share arrangements. We rarely have any commitment from a customer beyond the services contemplated in the order or revenue share arrangement and, even then, customers can typically terminate an agreement or arrangement with us at any time. As a result, our success is dependent upon our ability to deliver value to our customers and obtain repeat business from existing customers, while continually expanding the number of customers to whom we provide services. In addition, it is relatively easy for customers to seek alternative online gambling affiliates for their digital marketing services because there are no significant switching costs. Because we generally do not have long-term contracts, it may be difficult for us to accurately predict future revenue streams at times. We cannot provide assurance that our current customers will continue to use our services or that we will be able to replace departing customers with new customers that provide us with comparable revenue.

We primarily generate revenue through performance marketing by referring online gamblers to online gambling operators. When an online gambler visits an online gambling operator from one of our websites, registers a new account and makes a deposit, this online gambler becomes one of our referred players. Each of our referred players entitles us to remuneration pursuant to our agreements with the online gambling operator. Our performance marketing agreements are primarily based on a revenue share model, a Cost Per Acquisition model, or hybrid model.

Under revenue share agreements, NGR is calculated as GGR for a user, adjusted for direct costs such as transaction fees, bonuses, and taxation. Online gambling operators’ direct costs may increase due to various factors, including increased taxation caused by new tax regulations. Some online gambling operators introduce arbitrary administration or other fees into the calculation to further reduce NGR.

Revenue share commissions are typically calculated on the basis of all of the referred players across a given online gambling affiliate account. Depending on our customer, we may maintain anywhere from one to ten or more online gambling affiliate accounts with each customer depending on the number of markets and websites where we work together. Referred players in an online gambling affiliate account are typically pooled when calculating commissions. As a result, a large winning referred player can zero-out the commission that would be payable on the other referred players within an online gambling affiliate account in any given month.

In addition, after we have directed an online gambler to an online gambling operator, we cannot directly track the online gambler’s activities in the online gambling operator’s system. We, therefore, rely on the NGR calculations by the online gambling operator to determine our entitled payment. Consequently, there is a risk of miscalculation and misrepresentation, whether due to error, negligence, or fraud. If such miscalculations occur undetected and are not subsequently remedied or retroactively adjusted, we could receive a lower fee than we are entitled to under our agreements, which, in turn, could result in lost revenue and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Market opportunity estimates and growth forecasts included in this annual report are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates that may not prove to be accurate. Not every online gambling operator covered by our market opportunity estimates will necessarily purchase our solutions, and some or many of those online gambling operators may choose to use the solutions offered by our competitors. It is impossible to build every product feature that every customer wants, and our competitors may develop and offer features that our platform does not provide. The variables that go into the calculation of our market opportunity are subject to change over time, and there is no guarantee that any particular number or percentage of the online gambling operators covered by our market opportunity estimates will purchase our solutions at all or generate any particular level of revenue for us. Even if the market in which we compete meets the size estimates and growth forecasts in this annual report, our business could fail to grow for a variety of reasons outside of our control, including competition in our industry or changing regulations. If any of these risks materialize, it could harm our business and prospects.

Our success and growth strategy depend on our ability to attract and retain key management and operating personnel, including skilled developers, marketing personnel, project managers, product managers and content editors. Our future success depends on our continuing ability to attract, develop, motivate and retain highly qualified and skilled employees. Qualified individuals are in high demand, and we may incur significant costs to attract and retain them. Experienced developers and marketing personnel, who are critical to the success of our business, are also in particularly high demand. Competition for their talents is intense and retaining such individuals can be difficult. In addition, any volatility in our share price could negatively impact the value of equity awards and adversely affect our ability to retain key management and executives.

The future success of our business is highly dependent on the services and decisions of our management team, including Charles Gillespie, our Chief Executive Officer, Kevin McCrystle, our Chief Operating Officer, and Elias Mark, our Chief Financial Officer. The loss of one or more of our executive officers or key employees could materially adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan and strategy, and we may not be able to find adequate replacements on a timely basis, or at all. Messrs. Gillespie, McCrystle, and Mark are at-will employees, which means they may terminate their employment relationships with us at any time, and their knowledge of our business and industry would be extremely difficult to replace. We cannot ensure that we will be able to retain the services of any members of our senior management or other key employees. If we do not succeed in attracting well-qualified employees or retaining and motivating existing employees, our business, operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

We compete in rapidly evolving and highly competitive markets, and we expect competition to intensify further in the future with the emergence of new technologies and new market entrants. We face competition from new and established local and international players in the online marketing industry, traditional marketing providers such as television, printed publications and radio, and online gambling operators who conduct extensive marketing activities of their own.

Our competitors may enjoy competitive advantages, such as greater name recognition, longer operating histories, substantially greater market share, large existing user bases, and substantially greater financial, technical, and other resources. These companies may use these advantages to offer services similar to ours at a lower price and respond more effectively than we do to new opportunities and customer demands.

To attract new visitors, we must offer and develop new features on a continuous basis and perform regular system updates. As a result, we have invested, and expect to continue to invest, significant resources in developing products and services to drive traffic to our platform and engage, and convert our visitors to NDCs. For example, we have made considerable investments in our technology platform, including the Adge business intelligence system, the Origins publishing platform, the Genesis content management system, and the Elements advertiser management system. Our product development efforts may include significant changes to our existing products or new products that are unproven. Such investments may not prioritize short-term financial results and may involve significant risks and uncertainties, including distracting management and disrupting our current operations. We cannot assure that any resulting new or enhanced products and services will engage online gamblers and online gambling operators. We may fail to generate sufficient revenue, operating margin or other value to justify our investments in such products, thereby harming our ability to generate and increase revenue.

Advances in technology, discoveries of new weaknesses and other developments with software generally used by the Internet community may increase the risk that we will suffer a security incident. As part of our business, we process certain personal, confidential, and sensitive information. We may in the future fail to detect or prevent security incidents, inadvertent disclosure, or breach of sensitive information, including from malware, ransomware, viruses, worms or similar threats for any number of reasons, such as our failure to enhance and expand our platform to reflect industry trends, new technologies and new operating environments, the complexity of the environment, network or systems of our clients, vendors, or partners. We, our customers, vendors or partners may experience such incidents due to data being misappropriated by a malicious insider or unauthorized party, such as employee error, rogue employee activity, or other unlawful or unauthorized acts. If these are successful, they may result in either threatened or actual exposure leading to unauthorized access, disclosure and misuse of sensitive information or other information regarding customers, vendors, partners, employees, or our company and business, and our technologies, systems and networks have been subject to attempted cyberattacks. If we experience any such incidents, we may incur significant costs in protecting against or remediating such incidents, which include investing in resources to address these incidents. We may not be able to remedy any incidents or incidental problems in a timely manner, or at all. To the extent potential customers, industry stakeholders or other third parties believe that the failure to detect or prevent any particular threat is a flaw or indicates that our platform is not secure our reputation and business would be harmed. Any real or perceived defects, errors or vulnerabilities in our platform or business, or any other failure of our platform to detect an incident, could result in:

•a loss of existing or potential customers;

•delayed or lost revenue and adverse impacts to our business, financial condition and operating results;

•a delay in attaining, or the failure to attain, market acceptance;

•the expenditure of significant financial and research and development resources in efforts to analyze, correct, eliminate, or work around errors or defects, and address and eliminate vulnerabilities;

•an increase in resources, including devoted customer service and support, which could adversely affect our gross margins;

•decrease in value to our reputation or brand; and

•claims and litigation, regulatory inquiries, or investigations, enforcement actions, including fines, and other claims and liabilities, all of which may be costly and burdensome and further harm our reputation.

We may be a target of a cybersecurity attack that could impact a portion of our information technology. We may incur losses associated with claims by third parties, as well as fines, penalties and other sanctions imposed by regulators relating to or arising from cybersecurity attacks, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, or results of operations in the future. While we have implemented remediation points identified by our third-party security firm to address the constantly evolving threat landscape, we cannot provide assurance that our security frameworks and measures will be successful in preventing future cyberattacks. Further, the incident may have a negative impact on our reputation and cause customers, suppliers and other third parties with whom we maintain relationships to lose confidence in us. We are unable to definitively determine the impact to these relationships and whether we will need to engage in any activities to rebuild them. If customers lose confidence in us and we fail to rebuild these relationships, our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be materially negatively impacted.

It is critical to our success that online gamblers can access our platform at all times. Our systems may experience service interruptions or degradation or other performance problems because of peak usage times, hardware and software defects or malfunctions, distributed denial-of-service and other cyberattacks, infrastructure changes, human error, natural disasters, power losses, disruptions in telecommunications services, fraud, military or political conflicts, terrorist attacks, computer viruses, ransomware, malware, or other events. Our systems also may be subject to break-ins and other intentional acts of vandalism, including by our own employees, independent contractors or other insiders. Some of our systems are not fully redundant and our disaster recovery planning may not be sufficient for all eventualities.

We may experience system failures and other events or conditions from time to time that could interrupt the availability, or reduce or affect the speed or functionality of, our platform. These system failures generally occur either as a result of software updates being deployed with unexpected errors or as a result of temporary infrastructure failures related to storage, network, or computer capacity being exhausted. These events have previously resulted in immaterial losses in revenue. System failures in the future could result in significant losses of revenue. Further, in some instances, we may not be able to identify the cause or causes of these performance problems within an appropriate period of time. A prolonged interruption in the availability or reduction in the availability, speed, or other functionality of our platform could adversely affect our business and reputation and could result in the loss of users.

The potential negative impact on our advertising technology capabilities due to changes in the technology platforms of the operators we collaborate with, as well as alterations in media partnerships, could limit our capabilities to target the right individuals. For example, if a major operator updates its technology platform or if there is a shift with our media partners, it may disrupt our advertising technology's ability to precisely target and cater to NDCs. This disruption in accurate targeting and service delivery has the potential to result in reduced effectiveness of advertising campaigns, which may ultimately negatively impact our revenue. Our dependency on the technology and media ecosystem makes us vulnerable to changes within these partnerships and platforms, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

As part of our business strategy, we have previously acquired businesses and will continue to consider potential strategic transactions that we believe could complement or expand our product and service offering, broaden our geographic presence, enhance our technical capabilities, or otherwise offer growth opportunities. For example, in the past, we have acquired certain websites and associated assets, including, among others, Roto Sports, Inc. (“Roto Sports”), owner and operator of RotoWire.com, a provider of expert fantasy sports news and advice; and NDC Media Limited (“NDC Media”), owner and operator of BonusFinder.com, a leading gambling bonus comparison site; the casinos.com domain name; and domain portfolios consisting of more than 100 domains intended for targeting North American markets.

The acquisition of a business is accompanied by numerous risks, including:

•failure of due diligence during the acquisition process;

•adverse short-term effects on reported operating results;

•the potential loss of key partners or key personnel in connection with, or as the result of, a transaction;

•the impairment of relationships with clients of the acquired business, or our own customers, partners or employees, as a result of any integration of operations or the expansion of our offerings;

•the recording of goodwill and intangible assets that will be subject to impairment testing on a regular basis and potential periodic impairment charges;

•the diversion of management’s time and resources;

•the risk of entering into markets or producing products where we have limited or no experience, including the integration or removal of the acquired or disposed products with or from our existing products;

•the inability to integrate the acquired business and its people and operations into our company; and

•the inability to properly implement or remediate internal controls, procedures and policies appropriate for a public company at businesses that prior to our acquisition were not subject to federal securities laws and may have lacked appropriate controls, procedures and policies.

Pursuit of future potential acquisitions may divert the attention of management and cause us to incur various expenses in identifying, investigating, and pursuing suitable acquisitions, whether or not they are consummated.

Part of our growth strategy is to acquire businesses and identify and acquire assets and technologies that complement our business. The process to undertake a potential acquisition is time-consuming and costly. We expend significant resources to undertake business, financial, tax, and legal due diligence on our potential acquisition target and there is no guarantee that we will acquire the company after completing due diligence.

Our acquisitions could result in the use of substantial amounts of cash, potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities or convertible debt securities, significant amortization expenses related to intangible assets and exposure to undisclosed or potential liabilities of the acquired companies. To the extent that the goodwill arising from the acquisitions carried on the financial statements do not pass the annual goodwill impairment test, excess goodwill will be charged to, and reduce, future earnings.

Additionally, if the acquisition contains contingent consideration, such consideration is measured at fair value at the date of acquisition. If an obligation to pay contingent consideration that meets the definition of a financial instrument is classified as equity, then it is not remeasured and the settlement is accounted for in equity. Otherwise, contingent consideration is remeasured at fair value at each reporting date and subsequent changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration are recognized in profit or loss, which may have a material impact on our results of operations.

We may be unsuccessful in integrating any additional business that we may acquire in the future, and we may fail to acquire companies whose market power or technology could be important to the future success of our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We also may not achieve the anticipated benefits from any acquired business due to a number of factors, including:

•unanticipated costs or liabilities associated with the acquisition, such as transaction-related lawsuits or claims;

•failure or material delay in closing a transaction;

•incurrence of acquisition-related costs;

•diversion of management resources from existing business operations;

•regulatory uncertainties;

•weak, ineffective, or incomplete data privacy compliance and strategies of an acquired company;

•harm to our existing business relationships with online gambling operators as a result of the acquisition;

•harm to our brand and reputation;

•the potential loss of our key employees;

•difficulties in retaining customers or key employees of an acquired company;

•difficulties in integrating the technologies, operations, existing contracts, and employees of an acquired company; and

•use of substantial financial and human capital resources to consummate the acquisition.

If we fail to address the foregoing risks or other problems encountered in connection with future acquisitions of businesses, or if we fail to successfully integrate such acquisitions or investments, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected. In addition, acquisitions also could result in dilutive issuances of equity securities or the incurrence of debt (including convertible debt), which could adversely affect our operating results.

Since our founding in 2006, we have experienced rapid growth in the number of customers, the number of websites we own, our geographic reach, and our operations. We expect to continue to experience growth in these areas in the future. This growth has imposed, and may continue to impose, significant responsibilities on our management, including the need to identify, recruit and integrate additional employees with relevant expertise, expand the scope of our current technological platform, and invest in improved controls over technology, financial reporting and information disclosure. If we fail to manage the growth of our business and operations effectively, the quality of our service and the efficiency of our operations could suffer, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

In addition, our rapid growth may make it difficult to evaluate our future performance. Our ability to forecast our future results of operations is subject to a number of uncertainties, including our ability to model future growth. If we fail to achieve the necessary level of efficiency in our company as it grows, or if we are not able to accurately forecast future growth, our business would be negatively impacted.

We offer a number of apps through the Apple App Store and the Google Play Store. We are subject to the policies and terms of service of these third-party platforms. Each platform provider has broad discretion to change and interpret its terms of service and other policies with respect to us and other developers, and those changes may be unfavorable to us. A platform provider may also add fees associated with access to and use of its platform, alter how we advertise on the platform, or limit the use of personal information for advertising purposes.

Any limit or discontinuation of our access to any platform could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our performance is subject to economic conditions and their impact on the levels of consumer spending. Demand for entertainment and leisure activities, including online gambling, has in the past, and could in the future, decline during periods when discretionary consumer spending declines, including during economic downturns, inflation, geopolitical crises, major central bank policy actions including interest rate increases, public health crises, or other factors, when consumers generally earn less disposable income. Changes in discretionary consumer spending or consumer preferences are driven by factors beyond our control, such as:

•unfavorable changes in general economic conditions, including recessions, economic slowdowns, and periods of inflation;

•fears of recession, higher inflation, and changes in consumer confidence in the economy;

•sustained high levels of unemployment;

•increases in taxes, including gambling taxes or fees;

•high energy, fuel and other commodity costs;

•the potential for bank failures or other financial crises; and

•terrorist attacks, wars, health crises, or other global events.

In addition, adverse economic conditions could impact our ability to access the capital markets and/or credit markets to raise funds for general corporate purposes or as consideration for mergers and acquisitions.

During periods of economic contraction, our revenues may decrease while most of our costs remain fixed and some costs may even increase, resulting in decreased earnings.

In August 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (“IRA”) was signed into law by President Biden. The IRA includes a number of changes to existing U.S. federal tax law including, among other things, a new corporate alternative minimum tax. These provisions became effective for tax years beginning in the fiscal year 2023.

We do not expect IRA to have a material impact to our financial condition and results of operations. However, we will continue to analyze as further guidance is issued, as it may have an adverse effect on our future financial condition and results of operations.

Much of the demand for our products derives from the desire of online gamblers to switch between different online gambling websites. The revenues of an online gambling website from a particular online gambler are usually highest in the first month after that online gambler signs up to the website. Therefore, online gamblers switching between online gambling operators are likely to bring higher revenues to us. A consolidation of the online gambling sector could significantly reduce the ability and desire of online gamblers to switch between online gambling operators, thereby potentially reducing our expected revenues. Furthermore, consolidation among online gambling operators may reduce competition for use of our product and therefore reduce our pricing power in the marketplace. Any significant move towards consolidation within the online gambling industry could therefore have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

The online gambling industry is subject to negative publicity relating to perceptions of underage gambling, exploitation of vulnerable customers, and the historic link between the gambling industry to criminal activities. In 2023 and the early part of 2024, large and influential media outlets such as CBS’ 60 Minutes, CNN, The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, CNBC, Associated Press, Harvard Health Publishing and Men’s Health magazine published negative articles or news reports about the online gambling industry and particularly its addictive nature, targeting of young males and a perceived lack of resources in the United States to address problem gambling. As a service provider to the online gambling industry, our reputation can be negatively affected and, accordingly, significantly influence our business. In addition, a negative shift in the perception of online gambling by the public or by policymakers, lobbyists or others could affect future legislation of online gambling, which could cause jurisdictions to abandon proposals to legalize online gambling, thereby limiting the number of jurisdictions in which we can operate. Furthermore, illegal betting activity could result in negative publicity for our industry and could harm our brand reputation. Negative public perception could also lead to new restrictions on or to the prohibition of online gambling in jurisdictions in which we currently operate. Such negative publicity could also diminish confidence in, and the use of, our platform and result in decreased revenue or slower customer growth rates, which could seriously harm our business.

Although financial institutions are permitted to provide services to us and others in the online gambling industry, certain banks may be hesitant to offer services to us because we operate and are service providers for iGaming and sports betting businesses in certain jurisdictions. Consequently, we may encounter difficulties in establishing and maintaining banking relationships in certain jurisdictions with a full scope of services and generating market rate interest. If we were unable to maintain these bank accounts, it could make it difficult for us to operate our business, increase our operating costs, and pose additional operational, logistical and security challenges which could materially adversely impact our business. Similarly, some customers may be unable to access the services of banks or the financial system, whether due to banks’ concerns with respect to providing services to the iGaming and sports betting businesses in general or changes of laws and regulations that might limit our customers’ ability to access the financial system. If some of our customers were unable to access the service of banks or the financial system, we would not be able to collect payment due from such customers in time or at all, which could materially adversely impact our business and financial performance.

In addition, a deterioration of conditions in worldwide credit markets could limit our ability to obtain external financing to fund our operations and capital expenditures. We may also experience losses on our holdings of cash and investments due to failures of financial institutions and other parties. Difficult economic conditions may also result in a higher rate of losses on our accounts receivable due to credit defaults, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

In recent years, there has been an increased focus from stakeholders on ESG matters, including greenhouse gas emissions and climate-related risks, renewable energy, water stewardship, waste management, diversity, equality and inclusion, responsible sourcing and supply chain, human rights, and social responsibility. Evolving stakeholder expectations and our efforts to manage these issues, report on them, and accomplish our goals present numerous operational, regulatory, reputational, financial, legal, and other risks, any of which could have a material adverse impact, including on our reputation and share price.

Such risks and uncertainties include:

•reputational harm, including damage to our relationships with customers, suppliers, investors, governments, or other stakeholders;

•the success of our collaborations with third parties;

•increased risk of litigation, investigations, or regulatory enforcement action and associated costs;

•unfavorable ESG ratings or investor sentiment;

•diversion of resources and increased costs to control, assess, and report on ESG metrics;

•access to and increased cost of capital; and

•adverse impacts on our share price.

Any failure, or perceived failure, to meet evolving stakeholder ESG expectations and industry standards or could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, or share price.

As an online gambling affiliate, our principal customers are online gambling operators. Any regulatory development that could harm the financial performance or otherwise adversely affect online gambling operators could negatively affect our performance.

The regulatory framework for online gambling is complex and varies across the jurisdictions in which we operate. In some jurisdictions, online gambling regulations are subject to debate and continuous development.

In December 2020, the Department for Digital, Culture, Media, and Sport (DCMS) in the United Kingdom began its review of the current gambling legislation in the United Kingdom, the Gambling Act 2005, which specifically included a directive to evaluate a number of areas, including stake and loss limits, advertising and bonuses, and the role of the U.K. Gambling Commission. This review was concluded in 2022 and the White Paper containing the proposed regulatory reforms was published by the U.K. government on April 27, 2023. The main measures proposed by the White Paper include: (i) new stake limits for online slot games of between GBP 2 and GBP 15 per spin, (ii) consultation on measures to provide greater protections for 18 to 24 year old persons who are at higher risk of harm; (iii) empowerment of the U.K. Gambling Commission with additional powers to tackle black market operators through court orders and working with internet service providers to block illegal gambling sites; and (iv) rules to prohibit bonus offers from harming vulnerable individuals. The U.K. Gambling Commission are engaging in a number of rounds of public consultations on proposed changes to the regulatory framework required to implement its commitments as set out in the Whiter Paper. The DCMS also launched an investigation in early 2023 to review the U.K.’s current gambling policy, as well as the U.K. government’s progress, or lack thereof, toward amending U.K. gambling laws to make them fit for the future. The Culture, Media and Sport Committee published its second report on this investigation on December 21, 2023 which concluded, amongst other matters, that the U.K. government should take a more precautionary approach to advertising than that proposed in the White Paper and that there is scope for further regulation. The U.K. government’s response to this report is due in April 2024. The U.K. Committee for Advertising Practice published new advertising restrictions which took effect on October 1, 2022 and prohibit gambling operators from featuring celebrities in their advertisements, who are likely to have strong appeal to persons under the age of 18. The ban includes athletes, celebrities, and social media influencers, as well as advertising on sports team uniforms and in stadiums. Given that it is not yet clear how any of the proposed changes set out in the White Paper are to be implemented, and the second report from the investigation has only recently been published, with the U.K government’s response still to follow, it is difficult to predict at this stage what impact these matters may have on our business.

In June 2021, Canada passed Bill C-218 which allows individual provinces and territories to decide how to regulate single-event sports betting within their jurisdictions. In Ontario, the Alcohol and Gaming Commission of Ontario (the “AGCO”) released its Standards for Internet Gaming to govern the province’s new online gaming market. The regulations set out certain technical requirements and advertising restrictions. The launch of the province’s new market for online gambling and sports betting was completed in April 2022. In August 2023, the AGCO announced that operators will be prohibited from signing athletes and celebrities in their marketing and advertising beginning on February 28, 2024. As Ontario’s market is still very new and most other provinces in Canada have not yet determined their approach to this regulation, we cannot yet fully determine or predict the impact of this regulation on our business in Canada.

In July 2021, Germany’s new Interstate Treaty on Gambling, or ISTG 2021, came into effect. ISTG 2021 implemented certain new advertising rules that have had a negative effect on our business in Germany. The new federal gambling regulatory authority, Glücksspielbehörde (“GGL”), which officially began its role on January 1, 2023, began IP and payment blocking of unlicensed offshore operators and their affiliates. In June 2023, the Higher Administrative Court of Saxony-Anhalt ruled that GGL has the power to impose advertising restrictions and that tightened advertising restrictions are permissible. This ruling reaffirmed, amongst other matters, that licensed operators who intentionally advertise on affiliate marketing sites featuring illegal or unlicensed offering can face sanctions by GGL. As the new rules are still being interpreted and the German federal and state regulatory authorities, including GGL, are still only at an early implementation stage, we cannot yet predict the long-term impact on our business.

In the event these rules continue to limit our marketing activities in that jurisdiction, then our business might be negatively affected in Germany.

In October 2021, the Netherlands’ commercial online gambling market launched with a limited number of operators awarded licenses to offer games of chance via the internet. The Dutch Ministry of Justice and Security confirmed in March 2022 that it was preparing legislation to introduce further restrictions on gambling advertising. The announcement followed the approval of a motion to ban “untargeted advertisements for high-risk games of chance” by the Dutch House of Representatives. In July 2022, the Dutch government released details of new restrictions on untargeted advertising. Following the passage of this legislation, all television and radio advertisements, as well as advertisements in public spaces, such as on billboards, have been banned since July 1, 2023. Advertising on the internet and television on demand will be allowed, but only if certain conditions are satisfied. One such condition is that an operator (and subsequently an affiliate) must actively prevent the advertising from reaching young people under the age of 24 years old. Some of the other conditions are that operators must show that at least 95% of the people whom the advertising has reached were 24 years old or older and that consumers should also be given the chance to indicate that they do not want to see and/or be able to opt-out of viewing gambling advertising at any time. Sponsorship of events and television programs have been banned beginning in January 2024, and sponsorship of sports team’s venues and stadiums will be banned beginning in January 2025. Given that the full impact of these new regulatory measures is yet to be determined, it is difficult at this stage to predict how it will affect our business.

In June 2021, Sweden’s Ministry of Finance announced proposed reforms to the gambling advertising policy in the country based on the Swedish Gambling Market Inquiry. The proposals include a new rule to treat gambling advertising in the country with “special moderation”, meaning that it would be treated the same manner as alcohol advertising. The current law only requires “moderation” for gambling advertising. In January 2022, the Swedish government finalized legislation that would require B2B gambling suppliers that manufacture, provide, amend, or install gambling software to Swedish B2C license holders to apply for licenses to operate in the market with such licenses effectively implemented as of July 1, 2023. The legislation also proposed to set a new standard for gambling advertising which would now come under “adjusted moderation” rules. The new classification would require that the advertisement of games be adapted to match the specific addiction risks of different products. However, this proposal was rejected by the Swedish Committee on Culture, stating that it did not intend to set differing requirements for different products, and it was too soon following the introduction of the new regulatory system to consider changes to marketing rules. Given that this legislation is relatively new, it is difficult to predict at this stage what the full impact of this may have on our business.

In December 2022, the Irish government published draft legislation to modernize gambling regulation in Ireland, including the proposed establishment of a gambling regulator. The Gambling Regulation Bill has begun the customary parliamentary stages to be passed and signed into law, which is expected to occur in 2024. Furthermore, the establishment of the new Irish Gambling Authority to regulate the gambling industry in Ireland is expected to take effect at the same time as the new legislation is passed into law. Given that this is the initial stage of the implementation of a new regulatory regime it is difficult to predict at this stage what impact this may have on our business.

We cannot predict whether, in the future, similar regulations will be implemented in a market where we operate or the impact of these regulations on our business. In addition, online gambling operators and their B2B providers, such as online gambling operator affiliates (directly and/or directly by way of their commercial relationship with online gambling operators), are currently subject to significant taxes and fees in addition to normal corporate income taxes, and such taxes and fees are subject to increase at any time. Tax authorities may interpret laws originally enacted for mature industries and apply it to newer industries, such as online gambling. From time to time, various legislators and other government officials have proposed and adopted changes in tax laws, or in the administration or interpretation of such laws, affecting the gambling industry. In addition, any worsening of economic conditions and the large number of jurisdictions with significant current or projected budget deficits, many of which were made worse due to COVID-19, could intensify the efforts of governments to raise revenues through increases in gambling taxes and/or other taxes. It is not possible to determine with certainty the likelihood of changes in tax laws or in the administration or interpretation or enforcement of such laws.

As the legal framework for the online gambling industry is constantly developing, we are unable to predict whether or when additional restrictions will be applied to online gambling operators in the jurisdictions in which we operate. Any development such as the above-mentioned could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial position.

The U.K. Gambling Commission has proposed a “single customer view” policy that would give gambling operators information about a customer’s activity across all operators, and force operators to put restrictions in place for customers who lose an unsafe amount of money with one operator from pursuing further gambling activities with another operator.

If this policy is implemented, it could have a material adverse effect on our financial performance, business and operations since we rely on customers utilizing multiple operators.

As an online gambling affiliate, we may be required to obtain licenses or approvals to operate in most but not all jurisdictions in the United States where we conduct business. As of December 31, 2023, we have obtained licenses or approvals to provide marketing services to regulated operators in Arizona, Colorado, Indiana, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. We are not required to obtain licenses or approvals in Arkansas, Connecticut, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, New York, Ohio, or Wyoming where we conduct business. In March 2024, we commenced operations in North Carolina. Some of these approvals are subject to renewal, a potentially time-consuming process. Our delay or failure to renew licenses or approvals in any jurisdiction may prevent us from distributing our product offerings, increasing our customer base and/or generating revenues.

Greece and Romania are the only jurisdictions that we currently intend to operate outside of the United States that require a license or approval. However, the laws and regulations relating to online gambling are constantly evolving. We cannot predict if or when laws and regulations in these jurisdictions will be changed and to what degree such changes will have an impact on online gambling affiliates. Any regulatory development that would restrict or prevent us from conducting our business activities in any given territory could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial position.

We expect to continue to expand our operations to additional U.S. states and to expand our international operations. Any new markets or countries that we attempt to enter may not be receptive. For example, we may not be able to expand further in some markets if we are unable to obtain applicable licenses or approvals. If we are unable to effectively develop and operate within these new markets, or if our competitors are able to successfully penetrate geographic markets that we cannot access or where we face other restrictions, then our business, operating results and financial condition could be impaired.

In February 2023, Massachusetts passed regulations that would restrict online gambling operators from entering into agreements with third parties, which includes online gambling affiliates such as the Group, to conduct advertising, marketing, or branding on behalf of sports-wagering operators when compensation to the affiliate is dependent on, or related to, the number of customers or amount wagered.

While the Massachusetts Gaming Commission voted in March 2023 to permit CPA and revenue-sharing agreements between online gambling operators and online gambling affiliates there is no guarantee that regulators in other U.S. states may propose similar rules or regulations in the future.

If multiple key U.S. states were to implement such advertising restrictions on agreements between online gambling operators and online gambling affiliates, it would have a material adverse effect on our business, our operations, and our financial condition.

As service providers to online gambling operators, online gambling affiliates are generally not subject to the same laws and regulations governing online gambling operators. However, in many jurisdictions, we are obligated to comply with the regulations and standards around advertising in general. For example, the Advertising Standards Authority in the United Kingdom prescribes certain standards for online and affiliate marketing in general as well as specific policies around gambling. In the United States, the American Gaming Association, or the AGA, has produced a Responsible Marketing Code for Sports Wagering which its members have pledged to follow. We are not a member of the AGA currently but should we join in the future, we would be required to comply with their marketing codes. The Irish Labour Party introduced in February 2021 the Gambling (Prohibition of Advertising) Bill 2021, which in its current form, could prohibit online gambling affiliates from providing digital marketing services. While this legislation has not yet been progressed through the relevant legislative stages for it to become law, if such law were to pass, our business in Ireland will be blocked. As the Gambling Regulation Bill 2022 has been introduced in the interim, it is more probable it will supersede the Gambling (Prohibition of Advertising) Bill 2021. However, as matters stand, the Gambling (Prohibition of Advertising) Bill 2021 remains an active legislative bill and its potential impact requires continued monitoring. In addition, we are subject to general marketing legislation in all jurisdictions where we operate. In the future, we may be subject to additional regulatory requirements aimed at the promotion of online gambling services, for example if we enter new geographical markets or if regulations are expanded to include our operations. Regulatory compliance is costly and time-consuming. We have dedicated significant time and financial resources to monitor our regulatory compliance and will continue to in the future. However, as we operate more than 50 websites across 15 national markets and continue to grow our business globally, we, from time to time, may fail to maintain all websites as fully compliant with marketing laws and regulations. This could result in penalties or other sanctions from relevant authorities, lead to increased costs or otherwise have a negative impact on our operations.

We collect and process data about our customers as part of our “know your customer” (or “kyc”) procedures. We also collect and process only the minimum amount of personal data necessary to operate our business about referred players, NDCs, and other individuals when they create user accounts and/or subscribe for services on our websites or register for our newsletters. We further collect and process personal data about individuals who participate in our American Gambling Awards (e.g., nominees, winners), generally when we perform corporate administrative functions (e.g., information about employees and job applicants) for various business purposes, including marketing and promotional purposes and certain data from subscribers of RotoWire.com. The collection, use and processing of such information about individuals are governed by data privacy laws and regulations enacted in the European Union, United Kingdom, United States (federal and state), and other jurisdictions around the world. These data privacy laws and regulations are complex, continue to evolve, and on occasion may be inconsistent between jurisdictions leading to uncertainty in interpreting such laws and it is possible that these laws, regulations and requirements may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our existing information processing practices, and many of these laws are significantly litigated and/or subject to regulatory enforcement.

One implication of this is that various federal, state, and foreign legislative or regulatory bodies may enact or adopt new or additional laws and regulations concerning data privacy, data retention, data transfer, and data protection. Such laws may continue to restrict or dictate how we collect, maintain, combine and disseminate information and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

Most of the jurisdictions in which we operate have established their own data privacy and security legal frameworks.

For instance, in the European Economic Area, or the E.E.A., we are subject to the General Data Protection Regulation 2016/679, or the GDPR; and in the United Kingdom, we are subject to the U.K. data protection regime consisting primarily of the U.K. General Data Protection Regulation, the U.K. GDPR, and the U.K. Data Protection Act 2018, each of which imposes strict requirements on covered processing and provides for robust regulatory enforcement and sanctions for non-compliance. The GDPR and the U.K. GDPR regimes enable competent authorities to issue fines up to the greater of €20 million/£17.5 million, or 4% of global annual turnover. Such penalties are in addition to any civil litigation claims by data controllers, data processors, customers and data subjects. In addition, in July 2020, the Court of Justice of the E.U., or the CJEU, invalidated the E.U.-U.S. Privacy Shield (a mechanism for the transfer of personal data from the European Economic Area to the United States) and also indicated that reliance on standard contractual clauses (another such transfer mechanism) alone may not necessarily be sufficient in all circumstances. We previously relied on our E.U.-U.S. Privacy Shield certification and in some cases the Privacy Shield certification(s) of our vendors and partners for the purposes of transferring personal data from the European Economic Area to the United States in compliance with the GDPR’s data export conditions. We are monitoring the developments following the CJEU decision as well as implementing the standard contractual clauses and reviewing other mechanisms for transfers from the European Economic Area and the United Kingdom, including to the United States. In December 2022, the European Commission published a draft decision endorsing a new framework, Privacy Shield 2.0, for transferring personal data from the European Economic Area to the United States. On July 10, 2023, the European Commission adopted its adequacy decision for the E.U.-U.S. Data Privacy Framework which means that personal data can flow freely from the European Union to companies in the United States that are certified by and participate in the Data Privacy Framework. We are also subject to evolving E.U. and U.K. privacy laws on electronic marketing and cookies. In recent years, European lawmakers and regulators have expressed concern over electronic marketing and the use of nonessential cookies, web beacons and similar technology for online behavioral advertising, or tracking technologies. This has led to an effort to replace the current rules on e-marketing (currently set out in the 2002 Privacy & Electronic Communication Directive 2002/58/EC, as amended, or the ePrivacy Directive, and national implementing laws) with a new ePrivacy Regulation. When implemented, the new ePrivacy Regulation is expected to alter rules on tracking technologies and significantly increase fining powers to the same levels as the GDPR.

Some recent developments in the United States include the enactment of the Nevada Security and Privacy of Personal Information, or the NSPPI, the California Consumer Privacy Act, or the CCPA, which was recently expanded by the California Privacy Rights Act, or the CPRA, which was passed as a ballot initiative in November 2020 and came into effect on January 1, 2023. Further, Virginia enacted the Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act, or the VCDPA, another comprehensive state privacy law, that became effective on January 1, 2023. In March 2023, the Colorado Office of the Attorney General filed and published in the Colorado Register a final draft of the Colorado Privacy Act Rules, or the CPAR, which became effective on July 1, 2023. The CCPA, CPRA, VCDPA and CPAR may increase our compliance costs and potential liability, particularly in the event of a data breach, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, including how we use personal information, our financial condition, the results of our operations or prospects.

We have invested, and expect to continue to invest, significant resources to comply with the privacy laws and regulations to which we are subject. Failure to meet any of the requirements of these laws and regulations could result in significant penalties or legal liability, adverse publicity and/or damage to our reputation, which could negatively affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We are subject to taxation in, and to the tax laws and regulations of, multiple jurisdictions due to the international scope of our operations and our corporate and financing structure. We are also subject to intercompany pricing laws including those relating to the flow of funds between our subsidiaries pursuant to, for example, purchase agreements, licensing agreements, or other arrangements. Adverse developments in such laws or regulations, or any change in position regarding the application, administration or interpretation of these laws or regulations in any applicable jurisdiction or our inability to comply with all applicable requirements of these laws or regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. In addition, the application of withholding tax, social security tax obligations, value added tax, goods and services tax, sales taxes and other non-income taxes is not always clear and we may be subject to tax audits relating to such withholding, social security obligations, or non-income taxes. Further, the tax or labor authorities in any applicable jurisdiction may disagree with the positions we have taken or intend to take regarding the tax treatment or characterization of any of our activities or transactions, including the tax treatment or characterization of our tax residency, indebtedness or the transactions.

If any applicable tax authorities successfully challenge the tax treatment or characterization of any of these, it could result in the disallowance of deductions; the imposition of additional or new taxation in certain jurisdictions; the imposition of withholding taxes on internal deemed transfers or in general, capital gains taxes, including on transfers that have been made and/or deemed to have been made in connection with the transactions; or otherwise, the reallocation of income, penalties; or other consequences that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We are subject to trade restrictions, including economic sanctions and export controls, imposed by governments around the world with jurisdiction over our operations, which prohibit or restrict transactions involving certain designated persons and certain designated countries or territories, including Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan, Syria, and the Crimea Region of Ukraine. In addition, our operations may be subject to additional regulatory and political risk and additional compliance costs in connection with sanctions and other trade controls imposed by the United States and other governments in response to Russia’s military operations in Ukraine. These government measures include export controls restricting certain exports. We may also be subject to increased cyberattacks as a result of the military conflict. Relevant governments may express an interest in pursuing a diplomatic solution to these issues and in holding negotiations regarding a cessation of military operations in Ukraine, but we cannot be certain that these negotiations will occur, continue, or succeed in forestalling additional hostilities or additional trade controls.

Our failure to successfully comply with these laws and regulations may expose us to reputational harm as well as significant sanctions, including criminal fines, imprisonment, civil penalties, disgorgement of profits, injunctions, debarment from government contracts and other remedial measures. Investigations of alleged violations can be expensive and disruptive. We maintain policies and procedures designed to comply with these laws and regulations. As part of our business, we may, from time to time, engage in limited sales and transactions involving certain countries that are targets of economic sanctions, provided that such sales and transactions are authorized pursuant to applicable economic sanctions laws and regulations. However, we cannot predict the nature, scope, or effect of future regulatory requirements, including changes that may affect existing regulatory authorizations, and we cannot predict the manner in which existing laws and regulations may be administered or interpreted. In addition, any perceived or actual breach of compliance by us with respect to applicable laws, rules, and regulations could have a significant impact on our reputation; could cause us to lose existing customers; prevent us from obtaining new customers; negatively impact investor sentiment about our company; require us to expend significant funds to remedy problems caused by violations and to avert further violations; and expose us to legal risk and potential liability, all of which may have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Doing business on a worldwide basis requires us to comply with anti-corruption laws and regulations imposed by governments around the world with jurisdiction over our operations, which includes the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the “FCPA”), and the U.K. Bribery Act 2010 (the “U.K. Bribery Act”), as well as the laws of each of the countries where we do business. These laws and regulations may restrict our operations, trade practices, investment decisions, and partnering activities. The FCPA and the U.K. Bribery Act prohibit us and our officers, directors, employees, and business partners acting on our behalf, including agents, or representatives, from corruptly offering, promising, authorizing, or providing anything of value, directly or indirectly, to foreign government officials for the purposes of influencing official decisions or obtaining or retaining business or otherwise obtaining favorable treatment. The U.K. Bribery Act also prohibits non-governmental commercial bribery, soliciting or accepting bribes, and “facilitation payments,” or small payments to low-level government officials to expedite routine approvals. We also are subject to the jurisdiction of various governments and regulatory agencies around the world, which may bring our personnel and representatives into contact with foreign government officials responsible for evaluating and implementing legislative and regulatory changes relevant to our industry and issuing or renewing permits, licenses or approvals or for enforcing other governmental regulations. In addition, some of the international locations in which we operate lack a developed legal system, and some jurisdictions have been perceived to have elevated levels of public corruption.

Our global operations expose us to the risk of violating, or being accused of violating, anti-corruption laws and regulations.

Other companies, including some that may compete with us, may not be subject to the prohibitions listed above and therefore may have a competitive advantage over us. We are in the process of developing policies and procedures reasonably designed to comply with applicable anti-corruption laws and regulations. However, there can be no guarantee that our policies and procedures will effectively prevent violations by our officers, directors, employees, and business partners acting on our behalf for which we may be held responsible, and any such violation could adversely affect our reputation, business, financial condition, and results of operations. Our failure to successfully comply with these laws and regulations may expose us to reputational harm as well as significant sanctions, including criminal fines, imprisonment, civil penalties, disgorgement of profits, injunctions, and debarment from government contracts, as well as other remedial measures. Responding to any enforcement action or internal investigation related to alleged misconduct may result in a significant diversion of management’s attention and resources and significant defense costs and other professional fees.

We primarily rely on a combination of trademark, copyright, and other intellectual property laws and contractual restrictions to protect our intellectual property and proprietary rights. However, we cannot be certain that the steps we have taken or will take to protect and enforce our intellectual property and proprietary rights will be successful. We currently hold rights to the Gambling.com domain name and various other related domain names in multiple jurisdictions. If we lose the ability to use a domain name, whether due to trademark claims, failure to renew the applicable registration, or any other cause, we may be forced to market our solutions under a new domain name, which could cause us substantial harm, or to incur significant expense to purchase rights to the domain name in question. In addition, our competitors could attempt to capitalize on our brand recognition by using domain names similar to ours. We may fail to prevent third parties from acquiring and using domain names that are similar to our brand. Protecting and enforcing our rights in our domain names may require litigation, which could result in substantial costs and diversion of management’s attention, and ultimately may not be successful.

We also have certain registered trademarks that are important to our brand, such as the combined mark Gambling.com. If we fail to protect or enforce our rights under our trademarks, we may lose the ability to use the trademarks or prevent others from using them, which could adversely harm our reputation, business, results of operations and financial condition.

In addition, we have invested significant resources in developing our Adge business intelligence platform, Origins publishing platform, Genesis content management system, and Elements advertiser management system. All are essential to our business and ability to compete successfully with other online gambling affiliates. Unauthorized parties may copy aspects of our platform or obtain and use information that we consider proprietary. In addition, unauthorized parties may also attempt, or successfully endeavor, to obtain our intellectual property, confidential information, and trade secrets through various methods, including through cybersecurity attacks, which could adversely affect our business. Our competitors or other third parties may also independently develop similar or competing technology or duplicate our solutions and services, which could harm our competitive position.

We cannot be certain that the steps we have taken will prevent infringement, misappropriation or other violations of our intellectual property rights, particularly in foreign countries where the laws may not protect our proprietary rights as fully as they do in the United States. Further, we may be required to enforce our intellectual property or other proprietary rights through litigation, which, regardless of success, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management’s attention.

On our publishing platform, we publish both our own content and content from third parties. We cannot be certain that the published content on our platform and the operation of our business do not, or will not, infringe or otherwise violate the intellectual property rights of third parties. Third parties have asserted, and may in the future assert, claims against us alleging that we are infringing or otherwise violating their intellectual property rights, including claims for copyright or trademark infringement, or other claims based on the nature and content of the material that we publish or distribute. These claims, whether or not successful, could divert management time and attention away from our business and harm our reputation and financial condition. In addition, the costs of litigation can be significant and the outcome of litigation is uncertain, and third parties asserting claims could secure a judgment awarding substantial damages, as well as injunctive or other equitable relief against us, which could require us to rebrand, redesign, or reengineer our platforms or websites, and/or effectively block our ability to distribute or market our products and services.

We may use open source software in connection with the development and deployment of our solutions and services, and we expect to continue to use open source software in the future. Companies that use open source software in connection with their products have, from time to time, faced claims challenging the use of open source software and/ or compliance with open source license terms. As a result, we could be subject to suits by parties claiming ownership of what we believe to be open source software or claiming noncompliance with open source licensing terms. Some open source software licenses may require users who distribute software containing or linked to open source software to publicly disclose all or part of the source code to such software and/or make available any derivative works of the open source code to their licensees, which could include proprietary code of the user. In such cases, the open source software license may restrict users from charging fees to licensees for use of their software. While we monitor the use of open source software and try to ensure that none is used in a manner that would subject our proprietary source code to these requirements and restrictions, such use could inadvertently occur, in part because open source license terms are often ambiguous and have generally not been interpreted by U.S. or foreign courts.

Further, in addition to risks related to license requirements, use of certain open source software carries greater technical and legal risks than does the use of third-party commercial software. For example, open source software is generally provided without any support or warranties or other contractual protections regarding infringement or the quality of the code, including the existence of security vulnerabilities. To the extent that our platform depends upon the successful operation of open source software, any undetected errors or defects in open source software that we use could prevent the deployment or impair the functionality of our systems and injure our reputation. In addition, the public availability of such software may make it easier for others to compromise our platform. Any of the foregoing risks could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We are incorporated in Jersey under the provisions of the Companies (Jersey) Law 1991, as amended, or the Jersey Companies Law. The rights of holders of ordinary shares are governed by Jersey law, including the provisions of the Jersey Companies Law, and by our memorandum and articles of association. These rights differ in certain respects from the rights of shareholders typically found in U.S. corporations. See “Item 10B. Additional Information - Memorandum and Articles of Incorporation -Differences in Corporate Law” in our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-257403), as amended, originally filed with the SEC on June 25, 2021 and declared effective by the SEC on July 23, 2021 (the "F-1 Registration Statement"), under the headings “Description of Share Capital” for a description of the principal differences between the provisions of the Jersey Companies Law applicable to us and the Delaware General Corporation Law relating to shareholders’ rights and protections.

Several of our directors and executive officers are not residents of the United States and the majority of our assets and the assets of these persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to effect service of process upon us within the United States or other jurisdictions, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States. See “Item 10B. Additional Information - Memorandum and Articles of Incorporation - Enforceability of Civil Liabilities” in the F-1 Registration Statement. Additionally, it may be difficult for a shareholder to assert U.S. securities law claims in actions originally instituted outside of the U.S. Foreign courts may refuse to hear a U.S. securities law claim because foreign courts may not be the most appropriate forums to bring such a claim. Even if a foreign court agrees to hear a claim, it may determine that the law of the jurisdiction in which the foreign court resides, and not U.S. law, is applicable to the claim. Further, if U.S. law is found to be applicable, the content of applicable U.S. law must be proved as a fact, which can be a time-consuming and costly process and certain matters of procedure would still be governed by the law of the jurisdiction in which the foreign court resides.

In particular, investors should be aware of the uncertainty as to whether the courts of Jersey would recognize and enforce judgments of U.S. courts obtained against us or our directors or management predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States or entertain original actions brought in courts of Jersey against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any states in the United States. As a result of the difficulty associated with enforcing a judgment against us, a shareholder may not be able to collect any damages awarded by either a U.S. or foreign court.

While our reporting currency for our consolidated financial statements is the U.S. dollar, a significant part of our revenues is denominated in Euros and GBP and a significant part of our operating expenses are denominated in Euros. Consequently, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may cause our revenues and expenses to fluctuate and may impact our profitability, cash flows and our results generally. These risks related to exchange rate fluctuations and currency volatility may increase in the future as our operations outside the United States continue to expand. We have not traditionally used foreign exchange hedging to protect our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations, and do not expect to put in place such hedging. Consequently, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially adversely affected by fluctuations in currency exchange rates.

We operate in a number of jurisdictions and intend to continue to expand our global presence. International operations are subject to the legal, political, and regulatory requirements and economic conditions in the jurisdictions in which they are conducted. Risks inherent to international operations include, but are not limited to:

•obtaining any required government approvals, permits, licenses or other authorizations;

•compliance with various laws and regulatory requirements relating to anti-corruption, antitrust or competition, economic and trade sanctions, data content, data protection and privacy, employment and labor laws and health and safety;

•difficulties in attracting and retaining qualified employees in certain international markets, as well as managing staffing and operations due to increased complexity, distance, time zones, language and cultural differences;

•difficulties in enforcing agreements, judgments, and arbitration awards in various legal systems;

•inability to obtain, maintain or enforce our intellectual property rights; and

•exposure to local economic or political instability.

We believe that our overall success as a global business depends on our ability to succeed in different legal, regulatory, economic, social, and political situations and conditions. We may not be able to develop and implement effective policies and strategies in each jurisdiction where we may conduct operations or do business in the future.

As a “foreign private issuer” as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act, we are not subject to all the disclosure requirements applicable to public companies organized within the United States. For example, we are exempt from certain rules under the Exchange Act that regulate disclosure obligations and procedural requirements related to the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations applicable to a security registered under the Exchange Act, including the U.S. proxy rules under Section 14 of the Exchange Act. In addition, our officers and directors are exempt from the reporting and “short-swing” profit recovery provisions of Section 16 of the Exchange Act and related rules with respect to their purchases and sales of our securities. Moreover, while we submit quarterly interim consolidated financial data to the SEC under cover of the SEC’s Form 6-K, we are not required to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. domestic public companies are required and are not required to file quarterly reports on Form 10-Q or current reports on Form 8-K under the Exchange Act. Accordingly, there may be less publicly available information concerning us than there would be if we were a U.S. domestic public company.

As a foreign private issuer listed on Nasdaq, we are subject to Nasdaq’s corporate governance standards. However, Nasdaq rules permit foreign private issuers such as us to follow our home country corporate governance practices instead of Nasdaq’s corporate governance standards as long as notification is provided to Nasdaq of the intention to take advantage of such exemptions. Certain corporate governance practices in Jersey, which is our home country, may differ significantly from Nasdaq corporate governance standards. Other than as set forth in the section of this annual report titled “Item 16G. Corporate Governance,” we currently intend to comply with the corporate governance listing standards of Nasdaq to the extent possible under Jersey law. However, we may choose to change such practices to follow additional home country practices in the future.

As a result of the accommodations for foreign private issuers, our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they otherwise would have under Nasdaq’s corporate governance standards applicable to U.S. domestic issuers. For an overview of our corporate governance practices, see “Item 16G. Corporate Governance.”

Under Rule 405, the determination of foreign private issuer status is made annually on the last business day of an issuer’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter.

In the future, we would lose our foreign private issuer status if a majority of our shareholders, directors or management are U.S. citizens or residents and we fail to meet additional requirements necessary to avoid loss of foreign private issuer status. Although we have elected to comply with certain U.S. regulatory provisions, our loss of foreign private issuer status would make such provisions mandatory. The regulatory and compliance costs to us under U.S. securities laws as a U.S. domestic issuer may be significantly higher. If we are not a foreign private issuer, we will be required to file periodic reports and registration statements on U.S. domestic issuer forms with the SEC, which are more detailed and extensive than the forms available to a foreign private issuer. For example, the annual report on Form 10-K requires domestic issuers to prepare financial statements based on U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and filed on a more accelerated timeframe than an annual report on Form 20-F.

In addition, we would be required to disclose executive compensation information on an individual basis with specific disclosure regarding the domestic compensation philosophy, objectives, annual total compensation (base salary, bonus, and equity compensation) and potential payments in connection with change in control, retirement, death or disability. Conversely, the annual report on Form 20-F permits foreign private issuers to disclose compensation information on an aggregate basis. We will also have to file Form 10-Qs each quarter and mandatorily comply with U.S. federal proxy requirements, and our officers, directors, and principal shareholders will become subject to the short-swing profit disclosure and recovery provisions of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. We may also be required to modify certain of our policies to comply with good governance practices associated with U.S. domestic issuers. Such conversion and modifications will involve additional costs. In addition, we may lose our ability to rely upon exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements on U.S. stock exchanges that are available to foreign private issuers.

There is a risk that we will be classified as a Passive Foreign Investment Company, or PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which could result in a reduction in the after-tax return to U.S. Holders (as defined below under “Item 10. Additional Information – Taxation – Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations”) of our ordinary shares and may cause a reduction in the value of our ordinary shares. A corporation is classified as a PFIC for any taxable year in which either (i) at least 75% of its gross income is “passive income” or (ii) at least 50% of the average quarterly value of all its assets consists of assets that produce, or are held for the production of, passive income.

For this purpose, passive income generally includes among other things, dividends, interest, certain rents and royalties, annuities, certain gains from the sale of stock and securities, and certain gains from commodities transactions.

Based on the projected composition of our income and valuation of our assets, we do not believe we were a PFIC for our most recent taxable year, and we do not expect to become a PFIC for our current taxable year or in the foreseeable future, although there can be no assurance in this regard. The U.S. Internal Revenue Service or a U.S. court could determine that we are or were a PFIC in any past, current, or future taxable years. The determination of whether we are a PFIC is a fact-intensive determination made on an annual basis applying principles and methodologies which in some circumstances are unclear and subject to varying interpretation. If we were classified as a PFIC, U.S. Holders of our ordinary shares could be subject to greater U.S. income tax liability than might otherwise apply, imposition of U.S. income tax in advance of when tax would otherwise apply and additional tax filing requirements that would not otherwise apply. The PFIC rules are complex and a U.S. Holder of our ordinary shares should consult its own tax advisors regarding the possible application of the PFIC rules to it in its particular circumstances. See “Item 10. Additional Information – Taxation— Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations.”

The trading price of our ordinary shares has been and is likely to continue to be volatile. Since our IPO in July 2021, the trading price of our ordinary shares has ranged from $6.72 to $16.70 through December 31, 2023. The market price of our ordinary shares may fluctuate or decline significantly in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including, in addition to other factors described in “Item 3. Key Information – Risk Factors,” the following items:

•our operating and financial performance and prospects;

•our quarterly or annual earnings or those of other companies in our industry;

•the public’s reaction to our press releases, our other public announcements, and our filings with the SEC;

•changes in, or failure to meet, earnings estimates or recommendations by research analysts who track our ordinary shares or the stock of other companies in our industry;

•the failure of research analysts to cover our ordinary shares;

•strategic actions by us, our customers, or our competitors, such as acquisitions or restructurings;

•increased competition;

•new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations applicable to us;

•changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretations, or principles;

•material litigation or government investigations;

•default on any indebtedness we may incur;

•changes in general conditions in the United States and global economies or financial markets, including those resulting from war, health crises, incidents of terrorism, natural disasters, severe weather, or responses to such events;

•changes in key personnel;

•sales of ordinary shares by us or our employees, including members of our management team;

•the granting or exercise of employee stock options or other equity awards;

•volume of trading in our ordinary shares; and

•the realization of any other risks described under section “Item 3. Key Information – Risk Factors.”

In addition, in recent years, the stock market has experienced significant price and volume fluctuations. This volatility has had a significant impact on the market price of securities issued by many companies, including companies in the end-markets we serve. The changes frequently appear to occur without regard to the operating performance of the affected companies. Therefore, the price of our ordinary shares could fluctuate based upon factors that have little or nothing to do with us or our business, and these fluctuations could materially reduce our share price and cause a shareholder to lose all or part of its investment. Further, in the past, market fluctuations and price declines in a company’s stock have led to securities class action litigation. If such a suit were to arise, it could have a substantial cost and divert our resources regardless of the outcome.

Our ordinary shares are listed on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “GAMB”. However, we cannot assure a shareholder that an active, liquid, and orderly trading market for our ordinary shares will exist or be sustained, which could affect your ability to sell its ordinary shares.

As of March 15, 2024, Mark Blandford, our chairman of the board, beneficially owned approximately 26% of our ordinary shares. Mr. Blandford is a well-recognized industry leader and has been a Board member practically since 2008, and the members of the Board and management often look to him for guidance on major financial, operational and strategic matters. Accordingly, Mr. Blandford, although a non-executive director, could have significant influence in determining the outcome of any corporate transaction or other matter submitted to the shareholders for approval, including mergers, consolidations, the appointment of directors and other significant corporate actions. Without the consent of Mr. Blandford, we may be prevented from entering into transactions that could be beneficial to us or our minority shareholders. In addition, Mr. Blandford could violate his fiduciary duties by diverting business opportunities from us to himself or others. For more information regarding Mr. Blandford and his affiliated entity, see “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions.”

Sales of substantial amounts of our ordinary shares in the public market by our founders, affiliates, or non-affiliates, or the perception that such sales could occur, could adversely affect the trading price of our ordinary shares and may make it more difficult for a shareholder to sell its ordinary shares at a time and price that it deems appropriate. None of our shareholders are subject to any contractual lock-up or other contractual restriction on the transfer or sale of their ordinary shares. As of March 15, 2024, approximately 45% of our outstanding ordinary shares are held by our directors, officers, or other affiliates, and are therefore restricted securities within the meaning of Rule 144 under the Securities Act. These shares are now eligible for resale in the public market subject to certain restrictions regarding the possession of material non-public information, and the volume, manner of sale, holding period, and other restrictions under Rule 144.

We are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the listing requirements of Nasdaq, and other applicable securities rules and regulations. Compliance with these rules and regulations incurs substantial legal and financial compliance costs, makes some activities more difficult, time-consuming, or costly, and places increased demand on our management, systems and resources. The Exchange Act requires, among other things, that we file annual and current reports with respect to our business and operating results. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. In order to maintain disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting that meet this standard, significant resources and management oversight are required. As a result, management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which could harm our business and operating results. Although we have already hired additional employees to comply with these requirements, we may need to hire more employees in the future, which will increase our costs and expenses.

In addition, changing laws, regulations, and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure are creating uncertainty for public companies, increasing legal and financial compliance costs and making some activities more time consuming. These laws, regulations, and standards are subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. We intend to continue to invest resources to complying with evolving laws, regulations, and standards, and this investment may result in increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management’s time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. If our efforts to comply with new laws, regulations, and standards that differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies due to ambiguities related to practice, regulatory authorities may initiate legal proceedings against us and our business may be harmed.

The trading market for our ordinary shares will depend in part on the continued research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or about our business. If research analysts do not continue to maintain adequate research coverage or if one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our ordinary shares or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the market price for our ordinary shares would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, interest in the purchase of our ordinary shares could decrease, which, in turn, could cause the market price or trading volume for our ordinary shares to decline.

We and our independent registered public accounting firm identified a material weakness in our internal control over our financial reporting process. If we are unable to remediate this material weakness, we may not be able to accurately or timely report our financial condition or results of operations.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of a company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. We and our independent registered public accounting firm identified a material weakness in our internal control environment over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. This control deficiency could result in a misstatement of our accounts or disclosures that would result in a material misstatement of our financial results that would not be prevented or detected. Management has determined that the Company has the following material weakness in its internal control over financial reporting.

a.Ineffective design and implementation of controls over Revenue Recognition – a lack of controls over recorded revenue, including to ensure the existence, completeness and accuracy of data to support accounts related to revenue and accounts receivable included in the financial statement close process.

a.Continuing to enhance and formalize our accounting and business operations policies, procedures, and controls to achieve complete, accurate, and timely financial accounting, reporting and disclosures.

b.Continuing to enhance the revenue reporting processes through our ERP system and leveraging opportunities to further automate revenue data processing.

We believe, but cannot assure you, that the measures we have taken to date will be sufficient to remediate the material weakness we identified or avoid the identification of additional material weaknesses in the future. If the steps we take do not remediate the material weakness in a timely manner, there could continue to be a reasonable possibility that this control deficiency or others could result in a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements that would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

Furthermore, investors’ perceptions that our internal controls are inadequate or that we are unable to produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis may harm our stock price. If we are unable to successfully remediate our identified material weakness, or if we discover additional material weaknesses, we would be required to continue disclosing such material weaknesses in future filings with the SEC, which could adversely impact investor confidence in our company and the market price of our ordinary shares and could subject us to litigation or regulatory enforcement actions.

We are required to comply with the internal control evaluation and certification requirements of Section 404(a) of SOX. It has been determined that we are not in compliance with Section 404(a), and therefore we will be required to design and implement new internal control procedures and re-evaluate our financial reporting. We are likely to experience higher than anticipated operating expenses during the implementation of these changes and thereafter. We may need to hire additional qualified personnel in order for us to be compliant with Section 404(a). If we fail, for any reason, to implement these changes effectively or efficiently, such failure could harm our operations, financial reporting or financial results and the trading price of our ordinary shares, expose us to increased risk of fraud or misuse of corporate assets, subject us to regulatory investigations and civil or criminal sanctions and could result in our conclusion that our internal control over financial reporting is not effective. If we fail to remediate the material weakness identified above, our management may conclude that our internal control over financial reporting continues to not be effective.

This conclusion could adversely impact the market price of our ordinary shares due to a loss of investor confidence in the reliability of our reporting processes. For more information on potential risks related to compliance with related Section 404(b) of SOX, see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Ownership of our Ordinary Shares—We are an emerging growth company within the meaning of the JOBS Act and will take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements, which may make our ordinary shares less attractive to investors.”

We intend to retain all available liquidity sources and future earnings, if any, to fund the development and expansion of our business, and we have no plans to pay regular dividends on our ordinary shares in the foreseeable future. Any payment of future dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors (subject to, and in accordance with, our memorandum and articles of association and Jersey law) and will depend on then-existing conditions, including our earnings, financial condition, capital requirements, level of indebtedness, statutory and contractual restrictions applying to the payment of dividends, and other considerations that our board of directors deems relevant. Accordingly, a shareholder may have to sell some or all of its ordinary shares after price appreciation in order to generate cash flow from its investment. A shareholder may not receive a gain on its investment when it sells its ordinary shares, and it may lose the entire amount of the investment.

We may sell additional ordinary shares in one or more subsequent offerings. We may also issue additional ordinary shares or convertible debt securities, for a variety of reasons, including to finance future acquisitions. We cannot predict the size of future issuances of our ordinary shares or the effect, if any, that future issuances and sales of our ordinary shares will have on the market price of our ordinary shares. Sales of substantial amounts of our ordinary shares, or the perception that such sales could occur, may adversely affect prevailing market prices for our ordinary shares.

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 effective on April 5, 2012, or the JOBS Act, and we may, and currently do, take advantage of certain exemptions from various requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. Most of such requirements relate to disclosures that we would only be required to make if we cease to be a foreign private issuer in the future, including exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. Nevertheless, as a foreign private issuer that is an emerging growth company, we will not be required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for up to five fiscal years after our initial public offering date of July 23, 2021. We may take advantage of these exemptions as long as we remain an emerging growth company, which could be for up to five years, although circumstances could cause us to lose that status earlier, including if our total annual gross revenues reach $1.235 billion, if the aggregate market value of our ordinary shares held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million or if we issue more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt over a three-year period. We cannot predict if investors will find our ordinary shares less attractive because we rely on the above emerging growth company exemptions. If some investors find our ordinary shares less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our ordinary shares and the price of our ordinary shares may be more volatile.

We were incorporated in the British Virgin Islands as TGG International Holdings Limited on July 26, 2006. We changed our name to KAX Media Limited on October 3, 2012 and subsequently continued as a private limited liability company in Malta on October 7, 2016. We changed our name to Gambling.com Group Limited on May 18, 2017. On January 7, 2018, we converted into a public limited liability company and changed our name to Gambling.com Group Plc. On May 27, 2021, we redomiciled from Malta to Jersey in accordance with the provisions of the Jersey Companies Law and changed our name to Gambling.com Group Limited.

On July 23, 2021, we consummated our initial public offering of 5,250,000 ordinary shares and, as a result, our shares began trading on the Nasdaq Global Market under the ticker symbol “GAMB”. Our jurisdiction of incorporation is in Jersey and the address of our principal executive offices is 22 Greenville St., St. Helier, Jersey JE4 8PX.

Our agent for service of process in the United States is CT Corporation System, located at 1200 South Pine Island Road, Plantation, FL 33324, telephone number +1 954-627-1299. Our wholly owned subsidiaries are GDC Media Limited, incorporated in Ireland; GDC Malta Limited, registered in Malta; and GDC America, Inc., a Florida corporation. During January 2022, through GDC America, Inc. we completed the acquisition of Roto Sports Inc, and, through GDC Malta Limited, we acquired NDC Holding Limited.

The SEC maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding registrants that make electronic filings through its Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval (“EDGAR”), system. All of our Exchange Act reports and other SEC filings are and will be available through the EDGAR system. You may also access information about us through our corporate website at www.gambling.com/corporate. The information contained in neither website is incorporated by reference into this annual report.

The JOBS Act was enacted in April 2012 with the intention of encouraging capital formation in the United States and reducing the regulatory burden on newly public companies that qualify as EGCs. We are an EGC within the meaning of the JOBS Act. As an EGC, we are not required to, among other things, (i) provide an auditor’s attestation report on our system of internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, (ii) provide all of the compensation disclosure that may be required of non-emerging growth public companies under the Dodd-Frank Act, (iii) comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements (auditor discussion and analysis), and (iv) disclose certain executive compensation-related items such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of the chief executive officer’s compensation to median employee compensation. We may take advantage of these exemptions until we are no longer an EGC. We will remain an EGC until the earliest of:

•the last day of the fiscal year in which we have more than $1.235 billion in annual revenues;

•the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which would occur if the market value of our equity securities that are held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter;

•the date on which we have issued, in any three-year period, more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities; and

•the last day of the fiscal year ending after the fifth anniversary of the completion of our initial public offering, which is December 31, 2026.

For more information see “Item 3D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares.” The reduced disclosure requirements applicable to EGCs may make our common shares less attractive to investors due to certain risks related to our status as an EGC.

•We were founded in 2006 by Charles Gillespie, our Chief Executive Officer, and joined by Kevin McCrystle, our Chief Operating Officer, in 2007

•Originally founded as World Sports Network, operating WSN.com and offering sports content to East Asian soccer fans

•Mark Blandford invested in our company and joined our board of directors

•WSN changed its company name to KAX Media

•Switched focus from sports content targeting Asia to online casino in Western Europe

•Began building CasinoSource, the first series of casino affiliate portals

•Launched CasinoSource in the United Kingdom

•Acquired Gambling.com domain for $2.5 million in April 2011

•Opened an office in the United States in Tampa, Florida

•Launched new U.K. website for Gambling.com

•Expanded CasinoSource to new markets including Ireland, Italy, and Spain

•Divested WSN.com website

•Launched Gambling.com in markets outside the United Kingdom, starting with Ireland

•Started expansion of Gambling.com beyond English-speaking markets

•Opened an office in Dublin, Ireland

•Launched Gambling.com and CasinoSource in Scandinavia

•KAX Media re-branded as Gambling.com Group

•Launched SlotSource.co.uk in the United Kingdom

•Issued EUR 16.0 million of private convertible debentures with the proceeds intended to be used primarily for acquisitions

•Completed two acquisitions of UK and European casino affiliate assets

•Entered the U.S. market, obtaining a license and commencing operations in New Jersey

•Acquired a mobile performance marketing platform, including 46 iOS apps

•Entered sports betting with the acquisition of Bookies.com and related assets, including Bookmakers.co.uk and FootballScores.com

•Issued EUR 16.0 million of senior secured bonds listed on Nasdaq Stockholm to refinance previously issued private convertible debentures

•Launched Gambling.com in additional European markets

•Opened a second U.S. office in Charlotte, North Carolina

•Expanded U.S. operations into Indiana, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia

•Received a $15.5 million growth investment from Edison Partners

•Launched SlotSource.com for American online slot players

•Expanded U.S. operations into Colorado, Tennessee, Illinois, Virginia, and Michigan

•Announced redemption of outstanding senior secured bonds

•Relocated corporate domicile from Malta to Jersey

•Acquired portfolios of more than 100 domains intended to target U.S. and Canadian markets

•Completed our initial public offering of ordinary shares in the United States on the Nasdaq Global Market

•Expanded U.S. operations in Arizona

•Named the 2021 EGR Affiliate of the Year and 2021 SBC North America Casino Affiliate of the Year

•Acquired Roto Sports, owner and operator of RotoWire.com, a provider of expert fantasy sports news and data

•Acquired NDC Media, operator of BonusFinder.com, a leading affiliate business in North American markets

•Expanded U.S operations into Louisiana, New York, Arkansas, Kansas, Maryland, and Canadian operations into Ontario

•Completed acquisition of additional domains intended to target U.S. and Canadian markets

•Entered into a sports betting media partnership with The McClatchy Company

•Won the 2022 eGR Global Sports Affiliate of the Year Award, the 2022 SBC Europe Casino Affiliate of the Year Award and the 2022 SBC North America Sports Affiliate of the Year Award

•Acquired ultra-premium domain name Casinos.com

•Qualified to have GAMB shares included in the Russell 3000 index and various sub-indexes

•Commenced operations in Kentucky, Massachusetts and Ohio

•Launched the all new Casinos.com website in July

•Entered into a strategic media partnership with Gannett Co., Inc., publisher of USA TODAY

•Entered into first international media partnership with The Independent, one of the U.K.’s largest digital media publishers with more than 20 million unique monthly users

•Won the 2023 SBC North America Sports Affiliate of the Year Award, the 2023 eGR Global Nordics Affiliate of the Year, the “Challenger” category at the inaugural Benzinga Titans Sports Betting Awards and the Best Sportsbook Affiliate at the SiGMA Affiliates B2C Awards

•RotoWire won “Best Written Content” at the Fantasy Sports & Gambling Association 2023 Winter Conference

•Negotiated a final, deferred consideration payment of €18 million related the acquisition of BonusFinder in exchange for the early termination of the earn-out period, providing the Company with the ability to accelerate the realization of synergies

•Repurchased 283,410 ordinary shares at an average price of $9.74 per share

•Commenced operations in North Carolina

•Entered into a three-year $50.0 million Credit Facility with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, consisting of a $25.0 million term loan and a $25.0 million revolving credit facility

•Entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Freebets.com and related assets

Our capital expenditures totaled $9.2 million, $9.3 million, and $5.6 million during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively, primarily consisting of the purchase of domain names and capitalized software development costs.

For information on the Company’s current capital expenditures, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – B. Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

We are a multi-award-winning performance marketing company and a leading provider of digital marketing services active in the online gambling industry. Our principal focus is on online casino, online sports betting and fantasy sports.

Through our proprietary technology platform, we publish a portfolio of premier branded websites including Gambling.com, Bookies.com, Casinos.com and RotoWire.com, in addition to over 50 local websites. We tailor each one of our websites to different user interests and markets within the online gambling industry by producing original content relating to the sector, such as news, odds, statistics, product reviews and product comparisons of locally available online gambling services. We utilize our technology platform, websites, and media partnerships to attract online gamblers through online marketing efforts and refer these online gamblers to companies that are licensed by gambling regulators to provide real-money online gambling services, known as online gambling operators, who convert these potential online gamblers into actual paying players. In this way, we provide business-to-business (“B2B”) digital marketing services to online gambling operators. We also monetize our websites through business-to-consumer ("B2C") fantasy sports data subscriptions and sell data syndication and content to B2B clients.

We are not a gambling company and do not offer any gambling services ourselves. We can alternatively be described as a lead generation company, or an affiliate marketing company (or simply an “affiliate”). In many ways, we are more akin to an online media company as our revenue is derived primarily from online marketing.

We primarily generate revenue through performance marketing by referring online gamblers to online gambling operators. When an online gambler visits an online gambling operator from one of our websites, registers a new account and makes a deposit, this online gambler becomes one of our referred players. Each of our referred players entitles us to remuneration pursuant to our agreements with the online gambling operator. Our performance marketing agreements are primarily based on a revenue share model, Cost Per Acquisition model (also referred to as CPA), or a combination of both, which is referred to as hybrid.

Advertising, media and other revenue includes revenue from arrangements not based on the referred players, including advertising on our platform and onboarding fees.

Since our acquisition of Roto Sports (see Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements), the Group generates a portion of its revenue from data subscriptions and data syndication whereby a customer subscribes to services over a period of time.

As of December 31, 2023 and March 15, 2024, the Company owned and operated more than 50 different websites in seven languages and 15 national markets across North America, UK and Ireland, Other Europe and Rest of the world covering all aspects of the online gambling industry, which includes online casino and sports, and the fantasy sports.

By consistently attracting online gamblers with high-quality content, we referred more than 425,000 and 273,000 players to online gambling operators in 2023 and 2022, respectively. We have increased our customer base to approximately 250 in 2023 from approximately 110 in 2017.

We achieved organic growth of 41%, 39%, and 52% in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and an organic revenue compound annual growth rate of 54% from the period of 2017 to 2023.

Financial highlights for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 are presented below.

For a breakdown of our revenues by geographic market and product type for each of the years indicated, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – Operating Results – Revenue.”

Adjusted Net Income, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA Margin and Free Cash Flow are non-IFRS financial measures and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies and have limitations as analytical tools. For more information about our non-IFRS financial measures and reconciliations thereof to the most comparable respective IFRS measures, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – Operating Results – Non-IFRS Financial Measures.”

The obligations under the Wells Fargo Credit Agreement are secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company and the wholly owned subsidiaries that are borrowers under the Wells Fargo Credit Agreement.

The Freebets.com Asset Purchase Agreement contains customary representations and warranties and covenants by each party. Both parties are obligated, subject to certain limitations, to indemnify the other under the Freebets.com Asset Purchase Agreement for certain customary and other specified matters, including breaches of representations and warranties, breaches of covenants and for certain liabilities and third-party claims.

Key elements of our growth strategy include:

Continued Expansion in North America. As states across the United States and provinces across Canada continue to legalize online gambling, the North American market has become our largest market by revenue. We are continuing to pursue market share by deploying owned websites and media partnership websites on both a national and, to the extent that a state or province is regulated, a state- or province-based level, as well as adding North American content to international owned websites.

As of December 31, 2023, we are authorized to operate in Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wyoming in the United States. In March 2024, we commenced operations in North Carolina. We are actively pursuing licenses or approvals in all states where we expect a viable market.

North America is the fastest growing market of our business since 2019. Our revenue in North America has grown to $60.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 from $35.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 and from $7.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. In addition to growing our international flagship websites Gambling.com, Bookies.com, and BonusFinder.com, we intend to continue to grow our North America-oriented local websites, such as NewYorkBets.com, BetOhio.com, BetArizona.com, BetVirginia.com, IllinoisBet.com, BetMaryland.com, BetMassachesettes.com, BetTennessee.com, and BetOntario.com, to become the go-to resources for information on North American online casino and online sports in their respective states and provinces. Our acquisition of Roto Sports, owner and operator of RotoWire.com, expanded our market growth in the United States to include fantasy sports news and data.

Pursuing Media Partnerships. We target mutually beneficial partnerships with leading media brands. By combining our sophisticated publishing and monetization systems with the website authority of leading media brands we can derive incremental revenue from those websites. In January 2022, we entered into a media partnership with The McClatchy Company, one of the largest news media companies in the United States with operations in 30 regional markets across the country. In February 2023, we entered into a media partnership with Gannett Co., Inc., a media and marketing solutions company that operates USA TODAY and local media organizations in 43 states in the United States, including authoritative publications in local markets, such as AZCentral.com, the Tennessean.com and Freep.com, plus distribution across USA TODAY Sports and the Sports Media Group (SMG) properties, which includes the Sports Wire suite of fan sites. In July 2023, we entered into a media partnership with Independent Digital News and Media Limited (“The Independent”), one of the U.K.’s largest digital media publishers, which counts over 20.8 million monthly unique users, and the first media partnership we have entered into outside of the United States.

Growing Our Global Strategic Presence. Internationally, we target stable, regulated markets with significant growth potential. We believe we will continue to grow in existing markets in Europe and Oceania. We regularly monitor the regulatory landscape to be in a position to enter soon-to-be regulated markets for possible future expansion, such as Latin America.

Pursuing Strategic Acquisitions. While we primarily focus on organically growing our business, the possibility for quality acquisitions provides another avenue for future growth. Between 2017 and 2023, we completed eight acquisitions, and in March 2024, we entered into the Freebets.com Asset Purchase Agreement. Our experience and technological capabilities position us as a sophisticated player to acquire strong sub-scale or under-monetized sites that will benefit from our more established processes and technologies. We plan to continue to leverage our history of successful acquisitions and internal organic growth to search for potential targets with strategic assets and strong management teams.

Developing Pipeline Projects. We currently have a robust portfolio of over 500 undeveloped gambling domain names for future projects, including premium domain names.

We refer online gamblers to online gambling operators. When an online gambler visits an online gambling operator from one of our websites, registers a new account and makes a deposit, this online gambler becomes one of our referred players and we are entitled to remuneration from the gambling operator.

We attract prospective online gamblers through industry-leading content produced by award-winning journalists, reporters, copywriters and lifelong followers of the online gambling industry. This best-in-class content is then distributed to online gamblers through our proprietary technology platform which publishes more than 50 premier websites. Because of the advantages of our internally developed technology platforms and our search engine optimization expertise, online gamblers can readily and easily locate this content with the use of search engines such as Google. Visitors to our websites looking to engage with online gambling services can easily find, compare, and visit the best online gambling operators available in their jurisdiction from links on our websites.

While we have invested, and will continue to invest, in Gambling.com, Casinos.com, Bookies.com, and RotoWire.com, which we consider our core brands, we also operate many niche websites that cater to specific geographies or online gambling products. Each of our websites offers online gamblers high-quality and relevant content, such as independent reviews and comparisons of regulated online gambling operators in their jurisdiction, and refer high value NDCs to our clients, the online gambling operators.

We acquired the Gambling.com domain name in April 2011. The domain name came alone, without an accompanying business or any existing revenue streams. Since then, we have invested significant resources to launch a new website and grow it into one of the largest and highest revenue producing online gambling affiliate websites in the world. As of December 31, 2023, localized versions of Gambling.com were available in 16 markets and in eight languages.

Gambling.com covers the entirety of the online gambling industry with content spanning all the key verticals in the industry: Casino, Sports, Poker and Bingo. But more than anything else, Gambling.com is a leading source for online casino information and is casino-first in its content strategy.

In November 2022, we acquired the ultra-premium Casinos.com domain name, which launched during July 2023. The website offers in-depth expert online casino reviews, exclusive network partner bonuses, casino guides and tutorials focused initially on English-speaking markets.

We acquired the Bookies.com domain name in early 2018. Since then, we have transformed it into an all-inclusive website for sports bettors that provides promo codes, odds comparison, game previews, betting strategies and news. Bookies.com was built from the ground up with a U.S.-first and sports-first focus. We believe Bookies.com is well positioned to become a leading sports-betting destination in the United States and other English-speaking markets.

On January 1, 2022, we acquired Roto Sports, owner and operator of RotoWire.com, a provider of expert fantasy sports news and advice. The legacy Roto Sports business has three different revenue streams, which provide access to sports media organizations, advertisers, and individual sports fans. We are leveraging Roto Sports’ existing audience, content library, talented workforce and trust with U.S. sports fans to further accelerate our already fast-growing business in the U.S. online sports betting market, driving incremental sports betting performance marketing revenue from the RotoWire.com website as its fourth revenue stream.

By expanding the portfolio beyond our core brands, we can more directly target specific products in specific markets featuring locally produced, targeted or more niched content. The enlarged portfolio also may reduce volatility in month-to-month financial performance by diversifying the sources of our revenue across multiple websites, territories, and products.

Many of our niche sites are relatively new, particularly those for the U.S. market. We also own a portfolio of premium domain names suitable to target U.S. states that may regulate sports betting and online casino in the future. We believe that this positions us well for additional organic growth in the coming years.

On January 31, 2022, we acquired NDC Media, operator of BonusFinder.com, a leading affiliate business in North American markets. BonusFinder publishes websites which help consumers find and compare bonuses for online sportsbooks and casinos, with a strong presence in Canada that has driven increased market share for us in the Canadian online sports betting and iGaming market.

We have launched a series of websites dedicated to individual U.S. states and the Canadian province of Ontario. These websites provide local online gamblers with the news and analysis they need to make informed decisions when it comes to online gambling locally.

The following table provides a current list of our key U.S. state- and Canadian province-specific websites, along with the current legal status of online sports gambling and/or online casino gambling in each state or province.

Our co-founder and Chief Executive Officer, Charles Gillespie, is a technologist at heart who taught himself to program to deliver our first website. Under Mr. Gillespie’s leadership, we have prioritized outsized investments in technology to best serve our customers, online gamblers, and internal stakeholders. The benefits of these investments have significantly increased operational efficiency fundamental to delivering market-leading organic growth. We have developed four key internal platforms which sit behind and power all of our consumer-facing websites. All our websites run on internally developed platforms and are nearly all universally integrated into these platforms.

Originally launched in 2015, and with a new version launched in 2022, Adge is our business intelligence system which integrates data from our websites and our advertising partners. This platform gives us clean data which enables us to optimize our offerings and maximize the conversion from our websites to NDCs for our clients, online gambling operators. The system automatically retrieves and integrates data from the majority of our affiliate program accounts.

We launched Origins in 2015 as a tailor-made high-speed publishing platform that prepares and distributes our content across seven global locations, all from the cloud. The system was developed with an SEO-first mentality, to ensure that all our websites are published according to the best technical SEO standards. In-built version control provides us total authority over source code changes and enables nimble switching between version numbers. Quality control systems scan all outgoing content to ensure it passes a number of internal quality control checks. Websites and content ready for release are pre-rendered, compressed and distributed to a global network of origin servers, which are then enhanced by a global content delivery network with over 200 points of presence. This stack of systems ensures that end-users requesting one of our services get their request fulfilled at the fastest speeds technologically possible.

The static nature of our published content dramatically shrinks the attack surface across our portfolio resulting in fewer vulnerabilities and easier maintenance.

We launched Genesis in 2020 as our content management system, or CMS, to warehouse our growing database of gambling industry-related content. Genesis provides a central location for the management of all content types across our websites and applications. Users can log into a cloud-based system to add, update or import content assets. By centralizing all CMS functionality into one universal system, users get one common interface for updating all of our publishing assets. Users can be categorized into groups with varying levels of permissions according to management’s requirements, allowing the system to be opened to external contributors. Our developers can also plug into one common API to consume data in one common format regardless of its ultimate destination. As pain-points are identified, we can deploy specific tools and features to streamline repetitive or time-consuming tasks for our users.

Elements is our proprietary advertiser management system—our central interface to manage the terms, offers, and details of advertisement placements across our entire network. With tens of thousands of pages of content, advertisers can appear in a great variety of locations which we believe, despite these challenges, should be optimized on every occasion. Elements provides us with a centralized platform to coordinate the appearance, rankings and advertiser details at any location across the network. Tightly integrated with our business intelligence team, we are able to track advertiser performance at scale and quickly identify under and over performance. Sophisticated machine-learning algorithms crunch performance data and make recommendations on which online gambling operator is truly best positioned to meet online gamblers’ needs in each circumstance.

Our products have been recognized for their excellence over the years, winning nearly every award in the gambling affiliate industry for online sports and online casino. In 2023, we were named the 2023 eGR Nordics Affiliate of the Year and the 2023 SBC North America Casino Affiliate of the Year. In 2023, we were named the 2023 eGR Nordics Affiliate of the Year and the 2023 SBC North America Casino Affiliate of the Year.

We develop relationships, and negotiate and engage with, online gambling operators as part of standard inside sales processes. We do this through direct emails, calls and referrals from existing customers, and outside sales processes, including attendance at industry-related conferences and in-person meetings. It is also common for online gambling operators to discover our business by accessing one of our websites. After finding one of our online gambling affiliate websites, the online gambling operator submits an advertising proposal through a contact form on our corporate website.

We have a strong portfolio of major online gambling operators. We work with regulated online gambling operators, including industry heavyweights — Roar Digital (NJ), LLC, Entain Operations Limited (BetMGM, Ladbrokes, bwin, partypoker), American Wagering, Inc., Penn Interactive Ventures, LLC, GameTech Marketing Limited (LeoVegas), ITS Ltd, Gamesys Operations Limited, Sarah Enterprises Limited, Sentoka Limited and Newcote Services Limited. As evidenced by this list, many of our customers from 2017 to 2023 operate multiple player-facing brands. We believe we increased our number of customers as a result of a variety of factors, including an increase in the number of markets where we operate, new online gambling operators entering various markets, an increase in demand for player acquisition services and an expanded internal sales team.

We have ranked in the top eight on the EGR Power Affiliates list since its inception in 2018, and moved up to number two in 2023. The list is compiled from votes cast by full-time affiliate managers working with the online gambling operators who rate affiliates based on their commercial, operational, product, compliance and M&A capabilities.

In 2023, 2022 and 2021, our top ten customers accounted for 48%, 50% and 52% of our total revenue, respectively. In 2023, our largest customer accounted for 16% of our revenue. In 2022, our largest customer accounted for 9% of our revenue.

In 2021, our two largest customers accounted for 13% and 10% of our revenue.

While attracting new customers is important, we primarily focus on maintaining and deepening our relationships with our existing customers by increasing the amount of traffic and, in-turn, the number of NDCs we can refer to our existing customer base. Our account management team coordinates the day-to-day relationships with our customers, while improving the commercial aspects of our deals. Meanwhile, our product and content teams optimize the content, offers, news and other details related to how our customers’ brands are presented to the online gamblers to maximize conversion rates. In many cases we can negotiate exclusive bonuses and offers for the players referred from our websites. We plan to continue to grow both the number of customers and the level of participation from existing customers. As we scale traffic to our websites in our existing markets, we expect to generate additional NDCs for our existing customer base in those markets. To the extent that we wish to enter new markets in the future, we may seek to onboard local gambling operators in a target market to optimize the localized products.

Leveraging our extensive reach, we strive to serve as our online gambling operators’ preferred partners by providing relevant, high-intent traffic that helps them meet their online gambling player acquisition goals.

The math that determines the commercial performance of an individual online gambling operator on one of our websites is driven more by the ability of the online gambling operator to effectively convert the traffic that we send them to NDCs than the absolute dollar amount in the commercial terms. This is because the range of expected NDC conversion rates is significantly wider than the range of the commercial terms for an NDC. Online gambling operators who are skilled at converting the traffic from click to registration and then from registration to first deposit generate more revenue to both their organization and Gambling.com. Online gambling operators that may offer abnormally high CPA rates without converting traffic well do not make good partners.

Because the effectiveness of our partners is a key commercial concern, we built our proprietary advertiser management system Elements, a dedicated system to manage the placement of operators and operators’ offers on our websites. As we approached the limit of what was possible with manual adjustments, we have started to leverage machine learning systems to help us ensure we are showing the most appropriate operator in every circumstance. These advanced data science models can process many more input variables and larger data sets than our commercial team could process on its own. These initiatives have made our models more efficient, allowed us to develop a method to test changes in a low-risk manner without impacting the user experience, and enabled us to explore more granular customer segmentation.

See "Item 5A. Operating Results - Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations" for a description of the seasonality of our business.

The online gambling affiliates market is highly fragmented, intensely competitive and constantly evolving. With the introduction of new technologies and new market entrants, we expect the competitive environment to remain intense for the foreseeable future. We compete with other performance marketing service providers in the online gambling industry, such as Better Collective, which is publicly traded in Europe. Our most comparable publicly traded companies in the United States are Sportradar AG, Genius Sports Ltd., NeoGames S.A., and Inspired Entertainment, Inc., all of which are B2B service providers to the industry.

We believe we compete favorably on the basis of the quality of our websites, our strategic geographical presence, our diversified and growing customer base, our technological excellence and our proven history of growth. We have delivered significantly more organic growth than our listed peers over the last five years. Our organic growth strategy focuses on perfecting our internal processes, technology, and products and does not rely on a roll-up strategy.

•Website Quality. We take pride in our focused network of 50 high quality branded-websites, which include Gambling.com, Casinos.com, Bookies.com, and RotoWire.com. tightly managed through common software systems.

•Strategic Presence. We focus on legalized and soon-to-be legalized markets around the world. Currently, we publish content localized for North America, more than eight European countries, Oceania and South America.

•Customer Base. We have a robust client portfolio which includes most major online gambling operators from the United States and Europe. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we worked with over 250 online gambling operators including publicly-traded companies such as Roar Digital (NJ), LLC, Entain Operations Limited (BetMGM, Ladbrokes, bwin, partypoker), American Wagering, Inc., Penn Interactive Ventures, LLC, GameTech Marketing Limited (LeoVegas), ITS Ltd, Gamesys Operations Limited, Sarah Enterprises Limited, Sentoka Limited and Newcote Services Limited. While we prioritize deepening our relationships with our existing customers, we have also increased our number of customers from 111 in 2017 to over 250 in 2023.

•Technological Excellence. We have developed four proprietary software platforms to maximize operational efficiency in the delivery of our consumer websites. These platforms are used across our network and enable us to significantly reduce website loading times for visitors, efficiently organize and manage all of the content which appears on our websites and precisely optimize the placement of our customers’ messages across our network. We continue to invest in our own technical systems and believe we are at the forefront, compared to our peers, in terms of leveraging technology in general and artificial intelligence in particular to optimize our business.

•Proven History of Growth. Over the last five years, our organic growth strategy has focused on perfecting our internal processes, technology, and products. This approach has delivered faster growth than our established global online gambling affiliate listed peers. Since 2017, we have maintained a compound annual organic growth rate of 54%. We also have the expertise and experience to transform high-value gambling industry domain names into high-performing websites. We acquired the Gambling.com domain name in 2011 with no business or revenue and turned it into the globally recognized, market-leading brand that it is today, operating in thirteen markets and five languages. We also built Bookies.com from a premier domain name into an all-inclusive website focusing on U.S. sports betting with more than 60 contributors since its acquisition in early 2018. In 2022, we acquired the ultra-premium domain name Casinos.com and launched the site as a new international casino focused website offering in-depth expert online casino reviews, exclusive network partner bonuses, casino guides and tutorials.

As the online gambling market continues to expand globally, we believe it is important to remain focused on the social costs of the industry. We are committed to being a leader in responsible gambling and advocating for a conservative approach that is adopted by the industry and ensures sustainability of what should be an entertaining recreational activity.

With that vision, we maintain one of the most restrictive advertising policies in the online gambling affiliates industry to avoid problematic channels and messaging. We acquire and publish content for prospective online gamblers responsibly, by focusing on locally regulated markets, recommending licensed online gambling operators, displaying terms and conditions in accordance with best practices and display clear messages about responsible gambling on our sites, and do not utilize any aggressive messaging that would encourage problematic gambling. Our team also monitors regulations and standards prescribed by each market’s respective authorities, such as the U.K. Gambling Commission, the U.K Advertising Standards Authority, CAP Advertising Guidelines—Gambling, the CAP Code for Online Affiliate Marketing, and U.S. state regulators.

To help online gamblers recognize problematic behavior early, we established the Responsible Gambling Center on our flagship website Gambling.com, which provides online gamblers access to support organizations in our major markets. The Responsible Gambling Center is divided into three sections:

Responsible Gambling Fundamentals. Educates online gamblers about the basic risks of problem gambling, gambling addiction and how to gamble responsibly.

Staying in Control. Helps online gamblers recognize the signs of problem gambling and gives guidance on staying in control. Explains key concepts like self-exclusion, betting logs and deposit limits.

Protection and Support. Provides access to detailed information for problem gambling support groups as well as links to tools to protect children from gambling content.

In November 2023, we, along with five other major U.S. gambling affiliates, announced the formation of the Responsible Gambling Affiliate Association (the “RGAA”). The RGAA’s mission is to champion responsible gambling marketing and advertising practices, empower gambling affiliate companies to influence sensible regulation, and protect consumer interests, while effectively participating in the market. The original RGAA members recognize that affiliate marketing providers must participate in broader industry initiatives in the United States to advocate for sensible advertising regulation that balances consumer protection and the practicalities of digital advertising. The new trade association is built on five strategic pillars:

•Promotion of Competitive Gambling Markets

•Industry Education

•Consumer Protection, Empowerment, and Choice

•Advertising Codes of Conduct

•Responsible Business Practices

We strive to contribute positively - not only to our industry at-large through responsible gambling initiatives but also in our communities through corporate social responsibility initiatives. Each year, employees in Ireland and the United States choose a local nonprofit organization to support through fundraising and volunteering.

See "Item 5C. Operating Results – Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc." for a description of our reliance on our intellectual property rights.

As a company providing services to online gambling operators and conducting business on the Internet, we are subject to a variety of laws in the United States and abroad that involve matters central to our business, including laws regarding online gambling and data protection and privacy, among others.

Since we operate a pure B2B business model and have no direct business relationship with online gamblers, we generally are not required to be licensed or approved as a gambling operator in Europe or elsewhere outside of the United States. Greece and Romania are the only jurisdictions that we currently intend to operate outside of the United States that require a license.

In the United States, any company providing services to regulated gambling entities is typically required to either register or apply for a license or an approval with the gambling regulator in each state where they are active. In the case of gambling affiliates, a tiered system is sometimes available with a relatively straight forward registration required for online gambling affiliates only looking to do CPA deals and a more onerous license application required for online gambling affiliates seeking to do deals with a revenue share component. As of December 31, 2023, we have obtained licenses or approvals to operate in Arizona, Colorado, Indiana, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.

Because we handle, collect, store, receive, transmit and otherwise process certain personal information of individuals, including our users, customers and employees, to the minimum extent necessary to operate our business, we are also subject to federal, state and foreign laws related to the privacy and protection of such data, as further set forth under the caption “Risk Factors – Risks Related to Government Regulation - We are subject to governmental regulation and other legal obligations related to privacy, data protection and information security. If we are unable to comply with these, we may be subject to governmental enforcement actions, litigation fines and penalties or adverse publicity”. Regulations such as the CCPA, which is untested law, could affect our business, and its potential impact is unknown.

With our operations in the European Economic Area and the United Kingdom, we may also face particular privacy, data security, and data protection risks in connection with requirements of the General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, U.K. GDPR, and other data protection regulations. Any failure or perceived failure to comply with these rules may result in regulatory fines or penalties including orders that require us to change the way we process data. In the event of a data breach, we are also subject to breach notification laws in the jurisdictions in which we operate, including the GDPR, and the risk of litigation and regulatory enforcement actions.

Any significant change to applicable laws, regulations, interpretations of laws or regulations, or market practices, regarding the use of personal data, or regarding the manner in which we seek to comply with applicable laws and regulations, could require us to make modifications to our products, services, policies, procedures, notices, and business practices, including potentially material changes. Such changes could potentially have an adverse impact on our business.

We have developed and implemented various internal policies to help ensure that we comply with legal and regulatory requirements imposed on us. Our compliance and risk program focuses primarily on vetting the online gambling operators we work with to ensure that we do not work with operators that lack appropriate licensing, accept illegal bets or are otherwise unsuitable. We also take great care to provide education and tools to assist users in making educated choices related to gambling activities that are age appropriate, relevant and not misleading. We have a zero-tolerance approach to money laundering and terrorist financing.

While we are firmly committed to full compliance with all applicable laws and have developed appropriate policies and procedures in order to comply with the requirements of the evolving regulatory regimes, we cannot assure that our compliance program will prevent the violation of one or more laws or regulations, or that a violation by us or an employee will not result in the imposition of a monetary fine or suspension or revocation of one or more of our licenses.

From time to time, we may be subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. We are not currently a party to any material litigation. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.

Gambling.com Group Limited is the publicly traded holding company for its significant wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”).

Our significant subsidiaries are listed below.

GDC Media Limited is a private limited company incorporated on May 20, 2015 in Ireland. It operates the Company’s business outside of the United States and is the owner of the Company’s performance marketing technology platform, including domain names and websites.

GDC America, Inc. is a corporation incorporated in the State of Florida on July 14, 2011. It operates the Company’s business in the United States under a license from GDC Media Limited.

GDC Malta Limited is a private limited company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands on June 2, 2011, and was subsequently continued in Malta on October 17, 2016. GDC Malta Limited provides intra-group services to the Company.

In addition to our direct wholly owned subsidiaries, the following are also material indirectly wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company:

Roto Sports, Inc. is a corporation incorporated in the State of Delaware in January 2022. It was acquired in January 2022 and operates as wholly owned subsidiary of GDC America, Inc.

Our principal operational offices are located in Dublin, Ireland, under a lease expiring in January 2028. We also lease regional offices and space in Tampa, Florida; Madison, Wisconsin; and St. Julians, Malta. Our headquarters office for our North American business is located in Charlotte, North Carolina.

We believe that our current facilities are adequate to meet our needs for the near future and that suitable additional or alternative space will be available on commercially reasonable terms to accommodate our foreseeable future operations.

None.

We are a multi-award-winning performance marketing company and a leading provider of digital marketing services active in the online gambling industry. Our principal focus is on online casino and online sports betting and the fantasy sports. Through our proprietary technology platform, we publish a portfolio of premier branded websites including Gambling.com, Bookies.com, Casinos.com and RotoWire.com, in addition to over 50 local websites. We tailor each one of our websites to different user interests and markets within the online gambling industry by producing original content relating to the sector, such as news, odds, statistics, product reviews and product comparisons of locally available online gambling services. We attract online gamblers through online marketing efforts and refer these online gamblers to companies that are licensed by gambling regulators to provide real-money online gambling services, known as online gambling operators, who convert these potential online gamblers into actual paying players. In this way, we provide B2B, digital marketing services to online gambling operators.

We primarily generate revenue through performance marketing by referring online gamblers to online gambling operators. When an online gambler visits an online gambling operator from one of our websites, registers a new account and makes a deposit, this online gambler becomes one of our referred players. Each of our referred players entitles us to remuneration pursuant to our agreements with the online gambling operator. Our performance marketing agreements are primarily based on a revenue share model, a CPA model or a hybrid model.

Advertising, media and other revenue includes revenue from arrangements not based on the referred players including advertising on our platform and onboarding fees.

Since the acquisition of Roto Sports (see Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements), the Group generates a portion of its revenue from data subscriptions and content syndication whereby a customer subscribes to services over a period of time.

As we are compensated primarily on a performance-based model, our revenue depends overwhelmingly on the quantity and quality of traffic we can provide to our customers, rather than on our commercial team’s ability to sell advertising based on fixed fees or placements. Our commercial team focuses on finding high performing partners and curating the relationship with our existing partners to improve and expand our business relationships.

Our revenue performance can be optimized by selecting the best commercial model available to us from each of our customers. Usually, some combination of the models will be offered and it is incumbent on us to select and negotiate our preferable model. Operators’ favored model tends to vary over time depending on internal priorities and personnel. Internally, we are agnostic as to the superiority of any one of the three models above. We have a predictive analytics system which estimates the value to us of each of these models based on each operator, product and market and we simply choose the one that our systems predict will yield the best results.

Online gamblers generally locate our websites via search engines, and we are thus dependent on the effective implementation of Search Engine Optimization (“SEO”) strategies across our portfolio of websites. We plan to organically increase our market share by continuing to deliver best in class content on our branded websites through the efficient use of our technology platforms. Google and other search engines are increasingly adept at identifying the high-quality content which deserves prominence. Our investments in content, product and website delivery thus naturally result in strong search engine rankings.

Our principal executive offices are located at 22 Grenville Street, St. Helier, Jersey JE4 8PX, Channel Islands.

See “Item 4.B. Information on the Company - Business Overview” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes to those statements included elsewhere in this annual report for further information.

The main drivers for the online gambling affiliate market in which we operate are the underlying online gambling market, pace and detail of regulation, the amount of spend on customer acquisition by the online gambling operators and the share of such spend going to online gambling affiliates such as us.

Underlying market growth stems from both an increase in the number of jurisdictions regulating online gambling for the first time as well as growth from already regulated jurisdictions where online gambling is becoming an increasingly accepted, mainstream leisure activity.

We believe that newly regulated markets, such as regulated or to be regulated states in the United States and provinces in Canada, present significant opportunities for future growth. Changes to existing regulations could present both risks and opportunities depending on the nature of the change. An increase in underlying gaming tax, for example, would negatively affect the revenue potential from such market whereas an expansion in the number of online gambling licensees would typically positively affect the revenue potential.

Revenue from sports products tends to fluctuate significantly with the sporting events schedule. Revenue from casino products is typically subject to seasonality to a lesser extent. The first and fourth quarters are typically stronger while the second and third quarters are subject to negative seasonality for both sports and casino products, with sports products subject to more pronounced negative seasonality than online casino products.

For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, 37%, 33% and 15%, of our revenue was generated from sports products, respectively, including online sports betting and fantasy sports, and 62%, 66% and 84% was generated from casino products, respectively, including online casino and online social casino.

The COVID-19 global pandemic presented health and economic challenges on an unprecedented scale We believe our and our customer’s online business models benefited from an accelerated structural change from in person gambling at “brick-and-mortar” casinos to online. The demands for our services were not impacted significantly by changes in buying behavior and disposable income of online gamblers. We believe that the changes in player behaviors may have a permanent positive effect on the online gambling market and our business.

The following discussion summarizes our results of operations for our one reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. This information should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this annual report.

We generate most of our revenue from performance marketing whereby we refer online gamblers to online gambling operators. In addition, we earn revenue from paid subscriptions, content syndication and advertising.

Performance marketing revenue consists of (i) CPA revenue from arrangements where we are paid exclusively by a single cash payment for each referred player, (ii) revenue share arrangements where we are paid exclusively by a share of the customer’s net gambling revenue ("NGR") from the referred players, and (iii) hybrid revenue from arrangements where we are paid by both a CPA commission and a revenue share commission from the referred players. Subscription revenue consists of B2C data subscription services and B2B data syndication services. Advertising, media and other revenue includes revenue from arrangements not based on the referred players and includes advertising on our platform and onboarding fees.

Performance marketing. Within performance marketing, we consider each referred player to be a separate performance obligation. The performance obligation is satisfied at the point in time when the referral is accepted by the relevant online gambling operator. Revenue share fees for each referred player are considered variable consideration and are only recognized to the extent it is probable that no significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized for the referral will occur when the ultimate fees are known.

CPA fees for each referred player are recognized when earned upon acceptance of the referral by the online gambling operator.

Fees generated by each customer during a particular month are typically paid to us within 30-45 days after invoice date.

Subscription and content syndication. For subscription and content syndication revenue, we consider each subscription to be a separate performance obligation. We satisfy our performance obligation, and revenue from these services is recognized, on a straight-line basis over the subscription period. We record deferred revenue upon execution of subscriptions when the subscription plan requires upfront payment.

Advertising and other. For advertising, media and other revenue, revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract.

Total revenue increased by $32.1 million, or 42%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, due to growth across the majority of geographical markets primarily within our casino and sport products. Organic growth was 41% over the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 with the remainder of the growth from the January 2022 acquisition of BonusFinder. On a constant currency basis, revenue increased $29.6 million, or 38%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022.

Total revenue increased by $34.2 million, or 81%, for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. Organic growth was 39% over the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021 with the remainder of the growth from the January 2022 acquisitions of RotoWire and BonusFinder. On a constant currency basis, revenue increased $39.9 million, or 102%, for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021.

A significant proportion of our revenue was denominated in USD, Euros (“EUR”) or U.K. Pounds Sterling (“GBP”). Our reported revenues in future periods will continue to be affected by fluctuations in the EUR to USD and GBP to USD exchange rates. Refer to the section “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk - Transaction Exposure Sensitivity” for additional information.

The following tables set forth the breakdown of our revenue in thousands of USD and as percentages of total revenues for the years indicated:

Our revenue disaggregated by market is as follows:

North America includes revenue from the United States and Canada. Other Europe includes revenue from European markets, including Sweden, Germany, the Netherlands and Italy; Rest of the world includes revenue from Oceania, South America and other markets outside of Europe and North America. Revenue is disaggregated based on the location of online gamblers for performance marketing and location of clients for subscription services.

During the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, total revenue grew 42%. We believe this growth stems primarily from both increased addressable market and increased market share.

During the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, total revenue grew 81%. We believe this growth stems from both increased addressable market, increased market share, and increased demand for our performance marketing services as well as acquisitions completed during the year ended December 31, 2022.

Our revenue disaggregated by monetization is as follows: