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0000840715 false CLEARONE INC --12-31 00008407152026-04-232026-04-23



 


UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 8-K

 

CURRENT REPORT

Pursuant to Section 13 OR 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

 

Date of report (Date of earliest event reported): April 23, 2026 (April 22, 2026)

 

ClearOne, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware

 

001-33660

 

87-0398877

(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation)

 

(Commission File Number)

 

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

 

7533 S Center View Ct. # 5311, West Jordan, Utah

 

84084

(Address of principal executive offices)

 

(Zip Code)

 

+1 (801) 975-7200

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

Not applicable

(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)

 

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

 

Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

Pre-commencement communication pursuant to Rule 13e-4© under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4©)


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).     Emerging growth company ☐


If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐


Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:  

 

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $0.001

CLRO

The NASDAQ Capital Market





Item 5.03              Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year.

 

On April 22, 2026, ClearOne, Inc. (the “Company”) filed (i) a certificate of conversion with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and (ii) articles of conversion with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada, pursuant to which the reincorporation of the Company from the State of Delaware to the State of Nevada (the “Reincorporation”) became effective on April 22, 2026, at 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time (1:00 p.m. Pacific Time).


As a result of the Reincorporation:


  • the Company’s state of incorporation changed from the State of Delaware to the State of Nevada.
  • The Company’s name remains “ClearOne, Inc.”
  • the affairs of the Company ceased to be governed by the laws of the State of Delaware and the Company’s previous certificate of incorporation and bylaws, and instead became governed by the laws of the State of Nevada and the articles of incorporation filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada (the “Nevada Articles”) and the bylaws approved by the Company’s board of directors (the “Nevada Bylaws”).
  • The rights of the Company’s stockholders are now governed by the Nevada Articles, the Nevada Bylaws, and Nevada law (instead of Delaware law).


The Nevada Articles authorize 200,000,000 shares of capital stock, consisting of 150,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share. Of the preferred stock, 2,069,065 shares are designated as Class A Redeemable Preferred Stock and 5,100 shares are designated as Class B Convertible Preferred Stock, with the rights, preferences, and privileges of each class set forth in Schedules A and B to the Nevada Articles, respectively.

 

The Reincorporation did not result in any change to the Company’s business, assets, liabilities, or operations. The Company’s common stock continues to trade on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “CLRO” (subject to any future symbol change notification).

 

The Nevada Articles and Nevada Bylaws are filed as Exhibits 3.1 and 3.2, respectively, to this Current Report on Form 8-K and are incorporated herein by reference.

Item 9.01.              Financial Statements and Exhibits.

(d)  Exhibits 

Exhibit No

 

Exhibit Title

3.1

 

Articles of Incorporation of ClearOne, Inc., a Nevada corporation (filed April 22, 2026)
3.2

Bylaws of ClearOne, Inc., a Nevada corporatio




SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

 

 

CLEARONE, INC.

 

 

 

Date:April 23, 2026

By:

/s/ Simon Brewer

 

Name: 

Simon Brewer

 

Title: 

Chief Financial Officer

 

EX-3.1 7 ex31_1.htm EXHIBIT 3.1

 

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ANNEX A TO

ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION

OF

CLEARONE, INC.


ARTICLE I

(Name)


The name of the Corporation is ClearOne, Inc. (the "Corporation").


ARTICLE II

(Registered Office and Registered Agent)


The registered office of the Corporation shall be the street address of its registered agent in the State of Nevada. The Corporation may, from time to time, in the manner provided by law, change the registered agent and registered office within the State of Nevada. The Corporation may also maintain an office or offices for the conduct of its business, either within or without the State of Nevada.


ARTICLE III

(Capital)


(a) The aggregate number of shares that the Corporation will have authority to issue is 200,000,000, of which 150,000,000 shares will be common stock ("Common Stock"), with a par value of $0.001 per share, and 50,000,000 shares will be preferred stock, with a par value of $0.001 per share ("Preferred Stock"). Of 50,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, 2,069,065 shares will be designated as Class A Redeemable Preferred Stock and 5,100 shares will be designated as Class B Convertible Preferred Stock.


(b) Except as otherwise required by law or these Articles of Incorporation, each holder of Common Stock shall have one vote in respect of each share of Common Stock held by such holder of record on the books of the Corporation for the election of directors and on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders of the Corporation. Subject to the preferential rights of the Preferred Stock, the holders of shares of Common Stock shall be entitled to receive, when and if declared by the Board of Directors of the Corporation, out of the assets of the Corporation which are by law available therefor, dividends payable either in cash, in property or in shares of capital stock. In the event of any dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Corporation, after distribution in full of the preferential amounts, if any, to be distributed to the holders of shares of the Preferred Stock, holders of Common Stock shall be entitled, unless otherwise provided by law or these Articles of Incorporation, to receive all of the remaining assets of the Corporation of whatever kind available for distribution to stockholders ratably in proportion to the number of shares of Common Stock held by them respectively.


(c) The Preferred Stock may be divided into and issued in series. The Board of Directors of the Corporation is authorized to divide the authorized shares of Preferred Stock into one or more series, each of which shall be so designated as to distinguish the shares thereof from the shares of all other series and classes. The Board of Directors of the Corporation is authorized, within any limitations prescribed by law and this Article, to fix and determine the designations, rights, qualifications, preferences, limitations and terms of the shares of any series of Preferred Stock including but not limited to the following:

(i) The rate of dividend, the time of payment of dividends, whether dividends are cumulative, and the date from which any dividends shall accrue;

(ii) Whether shares may be redeemed, and, if so, the redemption price and the terms and conditions of redemption;

(iii) The amount payable upon shares in the event of voluntary or involuntary liquidation;


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(iv) Sinking fund or other provisions, if any, for the redemption or purchase of shares;

(v) The terms and conditions on which shares may be converted, if the shares of any series are issued with the privilege of conversion;

(vi) Voting powers, if any, provided that if any of the Preferred Stock or series thereof shall have voting rights; and

(vii) Subject to the foregoing, such other terms, qualifications, privileges, limitations, options, restrictions, and special or relative rights and preferences, if any, of shares or such series as the Board of Directors of the Corporation may, at the time so acting, lawfully fix and determine under the laws of the State of Nevada.


(d) The Corporation shall not declare, pay or set apart for payment any dividend or other distribution (unless payable solely in shares of Common Stock or other class of stock junior to the Preferred Stock as to dividends or upon liquidation) in respect of Common Stock, or other class of stock junior to the Preferred Stock, nor shall it redeem, purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration shares of any of the foregoing, unless dividends, if any, payable to holders of Preferred Stock for the current period (and in the case of cumulative dividends, if any, payable to holders of Preferred Stock for the current period and in the case of cumulative dividends, if any, for all past periods) have been paid, are being paid or have been set aside for payment, in accordance with the terms of the Preferred Stock, as fixed by the Board of Directors of the Corporation.


(e) In the event of the liquidation of the Corporation, holders of Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive, before any payment or distribution on the Common Stock or any other class of stock junior to the Preferred Stock upon liquidation, a distribution per share in the amount of the liquidation preference, if any, fixed or determined in accordance with the terms of such Preferred Stock plus, if so provided in such terms, an amount per share equal to accumulated and unpaid dividends in respect of such Preferred Stock (whether or not earned or declared) to the date of such distribution. Neither the sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all of the property and assets of the Corporation, nor any consolidation or merger of the Corporation, shall be deemed to be a liquidation for the purposes of this Article. 

 

(f) The voting powers, designations, preferences, limitations, restrictions and relative rights of Class A Redeemable Preferred Stock are set out in Schedule A hereto.


(g) The voting powers, designations, preferences, limitations, restrictions and relative rights of Class B Convertible Preferred Stock are set out in Schedule B hereto.


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ARTICLE IV

(Board of Directors)


The affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the authority of the Board of Directors of the Corporation consisting of no less than one director. The number of directors may be increased or decreased from time to time in accordance with the Bylaws of the Corporation. The election of directors shall be done in accordance with the Bylaws.


ARTICLEV

(Purpose)


The nature of the business of the Corporation and the objects or the purposes to be transacted, promoted, or carried on by it are to engage in any lawful activity.


ARTICLE VI

(Acquisition of Controlling Interest)


The Corporation elects not to be governed by Nevada Revised Statutes ("NRS") 78.378 to 78.3793, inclusive.


ARTICLE VII

(Combinations with Interested Stockholders)


The Corporation elects not to be governed by NRS 78.411 to 78.444, inclusive.


ARTICLE VIII

(Liability)


To the fullest extent permitted by Chapter 78 of NRS, a director or officer of the Corporation will not be personally liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director or officer, provided that this Article will not eliminate or limit the liability of:


(a) a director or officer for acts or omissions which involve intentional misconduct, fraud or a knowing violation of law; or


(b)a director for the payment of distributions in violation of NRS 78.300.


Any amendment or repeal of this Article will not adversely affect any right or protection of a director or officer of the Corporation existing immediately prior to such amendment or repeal.



ARTICLE IX
(Indemnification)


(a) Right to Indemnification. The Corporation shall indemnify to the fullest extent permitted by law any person (the "Indemnitee") made or threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (whether or not by or in the right of the Corporation) by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or is or was serving as a director, officer, employee or agent of another entity at the request of the Corporation or any predecessor of the Corporation against judgments, fines, penalties, excise taxes, amounts paid in settlement and costs, charges and expenses (including attorneys' fees and disbursements) that he or she incurs in connection with such action or proceeding.


(b) Inurement. The right to indemnification will inure whether or not the claim asserted is based on matters that predate the adoption of this Article, will continue as to an Indemnitee who has ceased to hold the position by virtue of which he or she was entitled to indemnification, and will inure to the benefit of his or her heirs and personal representatives.


(c) Non-exclusivity of Rights. The right to indemnification and to the advancement of expenses conferred by this Article are not exclusive of any other rights that an Indemnitee may have or acquire under any statute, bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors, these Articles of Incorporation or otherwise.


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(d) Other Sources. The Corporation's obligation, if any, to indemnify or to advance expenses to any Indemnitee who was or is serving at its request as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or other entity will be reduced by any amount such Indemnitee may collect as indemnification or advancement of expenses from such other entity.


(e) Advancement of Expenses. The Corporation shall, from time to time, reimburse or advance to any Indemnitee the funds necessary for payment of expenses, including attorneys' fees and disbursements, incurred in connection with defending any proceeding for which he or she is indemnified by the Corporation, in advance of the final disposition of such proceeding; provided that the Corporation has received the undertaking of such Indemnitee to repay any such amount so advanced if it is ultimately determined by a final and unappealable judicial decision that he or she is not entitled to be indemnified for such expenses.



SCHEDULE A


CLASS A REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK OF

CLEARONE, INC.


Section 1 DFSIGNATI0N AND AM0UNf. The total number of shares of the Class A Redeemable Preferred Stock (the "Class A Preferred") shall be 2,069,065.


Section 2 REDEMPTION.


(a) Mandatory Redemption Upon Asset Sale. Upon the consummation of an Asset Sale,100% of the Net Proceeds shall be distributed solely to the holders of Class A Preferred, on a pro rata basis, as consideration for the redemption of the Class A Preferred (the "Redemption"). Such Redemption shall be automatic and mandatory upon the closing of an Asset Sale, subject only to the Board's review and approval of the mechanics of the distribution of Net Proceeds. "Net Proceeds" shall mean 100% of the gross proceeds of the Asset Sales less all transaction expenses, liabilities and obligations relating to the Asset Sale, including but not limited to payments, fees and/ or severance packages to or related to bankers, consultants, advisors, employees, executives, leases and other property related obligations. Net Proceeds shall include a further deduction for any obligations, expenses, payables, accrued liabilities of any kind (contractual or otherwise) of the Corporation, or any of its subsidiaries, which remain as liabilities of the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries and that are not otherwise sold as part of the Asset Sale, other than payments or expenses required to be paid in conjunction with the reporting obligations and maintenance of the Corporation as a listed reporting issuer.


(b) Redemption Price. The redemption price for each share of Class A Preferred shall be equal to such share's pro rata portion of one hundred percent (100%) of the Net Proceeds of the Asset Sale (the "Redemption Price").


(c) Asset Sale. An "Asset Sale" shall mean any sale of the Corporation's existing operating business and/or a substantial portion of its assets, including through a sale of its Intellectual Property and/ or Capital Stock of ClearOne Holding, LLC ("ClearOne Holding") or other subsidiary of the Corporation formed to hold existing assets, provided, however, that the term "Asset Sale" shall not include transactions entered into in the ordinary course of business or for the purpose of changing the Corporation's jurisdiction of incorporation or creating a holding company structure where equity holders maintain substantially similar ownership percentages. An Asset Sale shall also include any transaction or series of related transactions the primary purpose of which is the disposition of ClearOne Holding or other subsidiary of the Corporation or their assets as described above.


(d) Timing. The Redemption of Class A Preferred shall occur no later than sixty (60) days following the closing of any Asset Sale, which shall not exceed one hundred eighty (180) days from the initial closing of any Asset Sale. With respect to any Asset Sales, the Company may make multiple interim distributions to holders of Class A Preferred. All payments, whether interim or final, shall be made in cash to the holders of Class A Preferred on a pro rata basis, based on the number of Class A Preferred shares held as of the date on which the Class A Preferred are issued.


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(e) If Asset Sale Does Not Occur. li an Asset Sale does not occur within one hundred eighty (180) days following the issuance of the Class A Preferred, the Corporation shall proceed to liquidate ClearOne Holding, LLC and its other subsidiaries and distribute the proceeds to holders of Class A Preferred in accordance with Section 3 below.


(f) Seniority. The Class A Preferred shall be senior to all existing and future classes of preferred stock and to all debt of the Corporation, except for the Class B Convertible Preferred Stock of the Corporation (the "Class B Preferred"), which shall be senior to Class A Preferred in all respects other than the Redemption of Class A Preferred pursuant to the Asset Sale. For the avoidance of doubt, 100% of the Net Proceeds of the Asset Sale shall be distributed solely to holders of Class A Preferred in connection with the Redemption.


Section 3 LIQUIDATION RIGHTS.


(a) Priority. In the event of any liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the Corporation (other than an Asset Sale), whether voluntary or involuntary, the holders of Class A Preferred shall be entitled to receive, prior and in preference to any distribution to the holders of any other class or series of capital stock of the Corporation (including Common Stock and other Preferred Stock), an amount equal to the proceeds received by the Corporation from the liquidation or sale of the equity securities or assets of ClearOne Holding, LLC.


(i) Class A Preferred shall not participate in any other liquidation proceeds of the Corporation and shall be junior to all indebtedness and pari passu with the Class B Preferred Stock and the Common Stock for any other distributions.


(b) Forced Liquidation. li an Asset Sale has not been consummated within one hundred eighty (180) days of the issuance of the Class A Preferred, the Corporation shall take all commercially reasonable efforts to cause the liquidation or sale of ClearOne Holding, LLC and distribute the proceeds in accordance with Section 2 and Section 3.


Section 4 VOTING RIGHTS.


(a) General Voting. Except as otherwise provided by applicable law or expressly set forth herein, holders of Class A Preferred shall not be entitled to vote on any matter submitted to a vote of the stockholders of the Corporation. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Corporation shall not, without the prior affirmative vote or written consent of the holders of a majority of the then-outstanding shares of Class A Preferred, voting as a separate class:


(i) amend, alter, or repeal any provision of the Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws of the Corporation in a manner that materially and adversely affects the rights, preferences, or privileges of the Class A Preferred;


(ii) authorize or issue any equity security (or security convertible into equity) senior to the Class A Preferred with respect to rights to distributions from ClearOne Holding, LLC or proceeds from an Asset Sale;


(iii) take any other action that would have a material adverse effect on the economic rights of the Class A Preferred.



 

Section 5 NO CONVERSION. The Class A Preferred shall not be convertible into shares of Common Stock or any other equity security of the Corporation.


Section 6 REDEEMED SHARES. Shares of Class A Preferred that are redeemed pursuant to Section 2 shall be automatically cancelled and retired and shall not be reissued by the Corporation. The Corporation shall take all necessary corporate action to reflect such cancellation, including amendments to its Articles of Incorporation, if required.


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SCHEDULE B

 

CLASS B CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK OF
CLEARONE, INC.


Section 1 DESIGNATION AND AMOUNT. The total number of shares of the Class B Convertible Preferred Stock (the "Class B Preferred") is 5,100.


Section 2 DMDEND. Except as set forth below, the holders of Class B Preferred shall be entitled to receive dividends prior to any dividends being paid to any other class of shares. In addition, the holders of Class B Preferred shall participate on a pro rata basis, on an as converted to the common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Corporation (the "Common Stock") basis, in any dividends declared and paid to the holders of other classes of shares. No dividends shall be declared or paid to any other class of shares without the prior approval of the holders of a majority of the outstanding Class B Preferred. For the sake of clarity, however, (i) any redemption of Class A Preferred Stock of the Corporation ("Class A Preferred"), (ii) any distribution or dividend of Class A Preferred to the holders of Common Stock, and (iii) any distribution or dividend with respect to Class A Preferred from the assets of ClearOne Holding, LLC ("ClearOne Holding") or the proceeds of the liquidation or sale of the equity securities of ClearOne Holding, shall not be considered a dividend or dividends for purposes of this Section 2.


Section 3 LIQUIDATION RIGHTS.


(a) Class B Preference. In the event of any Liquidation Event, whether voluntary or involuntary, the holders of the Class B Preferred shall be entitled to receive, prior and in preference to any distribution of the proceeds of such Liquidation Event (the "Proceeds") to the holders of any other class or Class of capital stock of the Corporation (other than the Net Proceeds of any Asset Sale to be distributed solely to holders of Class A Preferred Stock of the Corporation (the "Class A Preferred") in accordance with their rights of redemption), an amount per share equal to the sum of (i) the principal amount of the Convertible Note by and between the Corporation and the holder dated June 20, 2025 (the "Note") converted into such Class B Preferred, (ii) any accrued and unpaid interest thereon as of the Conversion Date, and (iii) any accrued and unpaid dividends in respect of such Class B Preferred (collectively, the "Class B Liquidation Preference"). The "Conversion Date" shall mean June 24, 2025.


(i) If, upon the occurrence of a Liquidation Event, the Proceeds legally available for distribution among the holders of Class B Preferred are insufficient to permit payment of the full Class B Liquidation Preference to such holders, then the entire Proceeds legally available for distribution (excluding 100% of the Net Proceeds of any Asset Sale, which shall be distributed solely to holders of Class A Preferred Stock on a pro rata basis in accordance with their rights of redemption, or the proceeds of any sale or liquidation of ClearOne Holding) shall be distributed ratably among the holders of Class B Preferred in proportion to the full preferential amounts otherwise payable to each such holder.


(ii) For the avoidance of doubt, the Class B Liquidation Preference shall be senior in right of payment to all other classes or Class of capital stock of the Corporation (except the Class A Preferred as set forth in this Schedule), unless otherwise issued in accordance with the terms set forth herein.


(b) Liquidation Event, after the holders of Class B Preferred have been paid in full pursuant to clause (a) above, all of the remaining Proceeds or assets of the Corporation, as applicable, shall be distributed among the holders of Common Stock pro rata based on the number of shares of Common Stock held by each.


(c) Original Issue Price. The "Original Issue Price" means $1,000.00 per share for each share of Class B Preferred (as adjusted for any stock splits, stock dividends, combinations, subdivisions, recapitalizations or the like).


(d) Asset Sale. An" Asset Sale" shall the sale of the Company's operating business and/ or a substantial portion of its assets, including through a sale of its Intellectual Property and/ or Capital Stock of ClearOne Holding or other subsidiary of the Corporation formed to hold existing assets of the Company , provided, however, that the term "Asset Sale" shall not include transactions entered into in the ordinary course of business or for the purpose of changing the Corporation's jurisdiction of incorporation or creating a holding company structure where equity holders maintain substantially similar ownership percentages. An Asset Sale shall also include any transaction or series of related transactions the primary purpose of which is the disposition of ClearOne Holding or any subsidiary as described above, or their assets.


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"Net Proceeds" shall mean 100% of the gross proceeds of the Asset Sales less all transaction expenses, liabilities and obligations relating to the Asset Sale, including but not limited to payments, fees and/ or severance packages to or related to bankers, consultants, advisors, employees, executives, leases and other property related obligations. Net Proceeds shall include a further deduction for any obligations, expenses, payables, accrued liabilities of any kind (contractual or otherwise) of the Corporation, or any of its subsidiaries, which remain as liabilities of the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries and that are not otherwise sold as part of the Asset Sale, other than payments or expenses required to be paid in conjunction with the reporting obligations and maintenance of the Corporation as a listed reporting issuer.


(e) Liquidation Event. A "Liquidation Event" shall include (A) the closing of the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Corporation's assets, (except for the assets of ClearOne Holding or the proceeds of the liquidation or sale of the equity securities of ClearOne Holding or any other subsidiary formed to hold existing assets) (B) the consummation of the merger or consolidation of the Corporation with or into another entity (except a merger or consolidation in which the holders of capital stock of the Corporation immediately prior to such merger or consolidation continue to hold at least a majority of the voting power of the capital stock of the Corporation or the surviving or acquiring entity), (C) the closing of the transfer (whether by merger, consolidation or otherwise), in one transaction or a Class of related transactions, to a person or group of affiliated persons (other than an underwriter of the Corporation's securities), of the Corporation's securities if, after such closing, such person or group of affiliated persons would hold a majority of the outstanding voting stock of the Corporation (or the surviving or acquiring entity), or (D) a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation; provided, however, that a transaction does not constitute a Liquidation Event if its sole purpose is to change the state of the Corporation's incorporation or to create a holding company that will be owned in substantially the same proportions by the persons who held the Corporation's securities immediately prior to such transaction. The treatment of any particular transaction or Class of related transactions as a Liquidation Event may be waived by the vote or written consent of the holders of a majority of the outstanding Class B Preferred (voting as a single class on an as-converted basis).


(i) In any Liquidation Event, if Proceeds received by the Corporation or its stockholders is other than cash, its value will be deemed its fair market value as determined in good faith by the Board. Any securities shall be valued as follows:


(A) Securities not subject to investment letter or other similar restrictions on free marketability covered by (B) below:


(1) If traded on a securities exchange, the value is the average of the closing prices of the securities on such exchange over the 20 trading-day period ending three trading days prior to the closing of the Liquidation Event;


(2) If actively traded over-the-counter, the value is the average of the closing bid or sale prices (whichever is applicable) over the 20 trading-day period ending three trading days prior to the closing of the Liquidation Event; and


(3) If there is no active public market, the value is the fair market value thereof, as determined in good faith by the Board.


(B) The method of valuation of securities subject to investment letter or other restrictions on free marketability (other than restrictions arising solely by virtue of a stockholder's status as an affiliate or former affiliate) shall be to make an appropriate discount from the market value determined as above in (A) (1), (2) or (3) to reflect the approximate fair market value thereof, as determined in good faith by the Board.


(C) The foregoing methods for valuing non-cash consideration to be distributed in connection with a Liquidation Event shall, with the appropriate approval of the definitive agreements governing such Liquidation Event by the stockholders under the NRS, be superseded by the determination of such value set forth in the definitive agreements governing such Liquidation Event.


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(ii) Notwithstanding the foregoing subsection (ii) or any other provision of this Schedule, in the case of a Liquidation Event where the non-cash Proceeds to be distributed to the holders of Class B Preferred are assets other than securities of a class that is traded on a securities exchange that is registered as a "national securities exchange" under Section 6 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, then the holders of Class B Preferred shall at their option be entitled to receive cash in an amount equal to the Class B Liquidation Preference in lieu of such assets.



(iii) In the event the requirements of this Section 3 are not complied with, the Corporation shall forthwith either:


(A) cause the closing of such Liquidation Event to be postponed until such time as the requirements of this Section 3 have been complied with; or



(B) cancel such transaction, in which event the rights, preferences and privileges of the holders of the Preferred Stock shall revert to and be the same as such rights.


(iv) The Corporation shall give each holder of record of Class B Preferred written notice of such impending Liquidation Event not later than 15 days prior to the closing of such transaction, whichever is earlier, and shall also notify such holders in writing of the final approval of such transaction. The first of such notices shall describe the material terms and conditions of the impending transaction and the provisions of this Section 3, and the Corporation shall thereafter give such holders prompt notice of any material changes. The transaction shall in no event take place sooner than twenty (20) days after the Corporation has given the first notice provided for herein or sooner than ten (10) days after the Corporation has given notice of any material changes provided for herein; provided, however, that subject to compliance with the NRS such periods may be shortened or waived upon the written consent of the holders of Class B Preferred (voting as a single class on an as-converted basis) that represent a majority of the voting power of all then outstanding shares of Class B Preferred.


Section 4 CONVERSION. On first Business Day following the date that the Class A Preferred has been issued as a dividend to holders of Common Stock of the Borrower, the holders of the Class B Preferred shall have conversion rights as follows (the "Conversion Rights"):


(a) Right to Convert. Each share of Class B Preferred is convertible, at the option of the holder thereof, at any time after the date of issuance of such share at the office of the Corporation or any transfer agent for the Common Stock (the "Transfer Agent"), into such number of fully paid and nonassessable share of Common Stock (as adjusted for any stock splits, stock dividends, combinations, subdivisions, recapitalizations or the like) as calculated pursuant to section 4(d) below.


(b) Automatic Conversion. Each share of Class B Preferred shall automatically be converted into, into such number of fully paid and nonassessable share of Common Stock (as adjusted for any stock splits, stock dividends, combinations, subdivisions, recapitalizations or the like) as calculated pursuant to section 4(d) below. immediately upon the earlier of (i) the closing of the Corporation's sale of its Common Stock in a firm commitment underwritten public offering pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1 or Form S-3 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the public offering price of which is not less than the Conversion Price in the aggregate or (ii) the date, or the occurrence of an event, specified by vote or written consent or agreement of the holders of a majority of the then-outstanding shares of Class B Preferred.


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(c) Mechanics of Conversion. In order for a holder of Class B Preferred to voluntarily convert shares of Class B Preferred into shares of Common Stock, such holder shall

(1) provide the form of conversion notice attached hereto as Annex A (a "Notice of Conversion") to the Transfer Agent that such holder elects to convert all or any number of such holder's shares of Class B Preferred and (2), if such holder's shares are certificated, surrender the certificate or certificates for such shares of Class B Preferred (or, if such registered holder alleges that such certificate has been lost, stolen or destroyed, a lost certificate affidavit and agreement reasonably acceptable to the Corporation to indemnify the Corporation against any claim that may be made against the Corporation on account of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of such certificate), at the office of the Transfer Agent Such Notice of Conversion shall state such holder's name or the names of the nominees in which such holder wishes the shares of Common Stock to be issued. No ink-original Notice of Conversion shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Conversion be required. The close of business on the date of receipt by the Transfer Agent of such Notice of Conversion and, if applicable, certificates (or lost certificate affidavit and agreement) shall be the time of conversion (the "Conversion Time"), and the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the specified shares shall be deemed to be outstanding of record as of such date. Promptly after the applicable Conversion Time, but in any case within the earlier of (x) one (1) Trading Day and (y) the Standard Settlement Period (as defined below) thereof (the "Share Delivery Date"), the Corporation shall (1) cause the shares of Common Stock to which the holder is entitled pursuant to such conversion to be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the holder by crediting the account of the holder's or its designee's balance account with The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system ("DWAC") if the Corporation is then a participant in such system and either (A) there is an effective registration statement permitting the resale of the Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Class B Preferred by the holder or·(B) the Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Class B Preferred is eligible for resale by the holder without the requirement for the Corporation to be in compliance with the current public information required under Rule 144 and without volume or manner-of-sale limitations pursuant to Rule 144, and otherwise by physical delivery of a certificate, registered in the Corporation's share register in the name of the holder or its designee, for the number of shares of Common Stock to which the holder is entitled pursuant to such conversion to the address specified by the holder in the Notice of Conversion (if any) of the shares of Class B Preferred represented by the surrendered certificate that were not converted into Common Stock, (2) pay in cash such amount as provided in Subsection 4(e) in lieu of any fraction of a share of Common Stock otherwise issuable upon such conversion and (3) pay all declared but unpaid dividends on the shares of Class B Preferred convert. ff the conversion is in connection with an underwritten offering of securities registered pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, then the conversion may, at the option of any holder tendering Class B Preferred for conversion, be conditioned upon the closing with the underwriters of the sale of securities pursuant to such offering, in which event the persons entitled to receive the Common Stock upon conversion of the Class B Preferred will not be deemed to have converted such Class B Preferred until immediately prior to the closing of such sale of securities. ff the conversion is in connection with the automatic conversion provisions of subsection 4(b)(ii) above, such conversion will be deemed to have been made on the conversion date described in the stockholder consent or other agreement approving such conversion, and the persons entitled to receive shares of Common Stock issuable upon such conversion will be treated for all purposes as the record holders of such shares of Common Stock as of such date. If the conversion is in connection with an event set forth in clauses (A) through (C) of the definition of Liquidation Event and such holder's conversion is conditioned upon the consummation of such event, such conversion will be deemed to have been made on the date of such consumption

 

(d) The number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of each share of Class B Preferred Stock shall be calculated by dividing $1,000 by The lower of: (i) the closing price (as reflected on Nasdaq.com); or (ii) the average closing price of the Common Stock (as reflected on Nasdaq.com) for the five trading days immediately preceding June 20, 2025.


(e) Recapitalizations. ff at any time or from time to time there is a recapitalization of the Common Stock (including a subdivision, combination or merger or sale of assets, (excluding the Asset Sale), provision shall be made so that the holders of the Class B Preferred shall thereafter be entitled to receive upon conversion of the Class B Preferred the number of shares of stock or other securities or property of the Corporation or otherwise, to which a holder of Common Stock deliverable upon conversion would have been entitled on such recapitalization. In any such case, appropriate adjustment shall be made in the application of the provisions of this Section 4 with respect to the rights of the holders of the Class B Preferred after the recapitalization to the end that the provisions of this Section 4 shall be applicable after that event as nearly equivalently as may be practicable.


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(f) Adjustment for Stock Splits and Combinations. If the Corporation shall at any time or from time to time effect a subdivision of the outstanding Common Stock, the number of shares of Common Stock issuable on conversion of each share of such series shall be increased in proportion to such increase in the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock outstanding. If the Corporation shall at any time or from time to time combine the outstanding shares of Common Stock, the number of shares of Common Stock issuable on conversion of each share of such series shall be decreased in proportion to such decrease in the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock outstanding. Any adjustment under this subsection shall become effective at the close of business on the date the subdivision or combination becomes effective.


(g) Adjustment for Certain Dividends and Distributions. In the event the Corporation at any time or from time to time shall make or issue, or fix a record date for the determination of holders of Common Stock entitled to receive, a dividend or other distribution payable on Common Stock in additional shares of Common Stock, then the number of shares of Common Stock issuable on conversion of each share of such series shall be increased pro rata for the holder to account for such additional shares of Common Stock they would be entitled to receive if they were holders of shares of Common Stock.


Notwithstanding the foregoing, no such adjustment shall be made if the holders of Class B Preferred simultaneously receive a dividend or other distribution of shares of Common Stock in a number equal to the number of shares of Common Stock as they would have received if all outstanding shares of Class B Preferred had been converted into Common Stock on the date of such event.


(h) Adjustments for Other Dividends and Distributions. In the event the Corporation at any time or from time to time shall make or issue, or fix a record date for the determination of holders of Common Stock entitled to receive, a dividend or other distribution payable in securities of the Corporation (other than a distribution of shares of Common Stock in respect of outstanding shares of Common Stock or the Asset Sale) or in other property and the provisions of Subsection 4(g) do not apply to such dividend or distribution, then and in each such event provision shall be made so that the holders of the Class B Preferred shall receive upon conversion thereof, in addition to the number of shares of Common Stock receivable thereupon, the kind and amount of securities of the Corporation, cash or other property which they would have been entitled to receive had the Class B Preferred been converted into Common Stock on the date of such event and had they thereafter, during the period from the date of such event to and including the conversion date, retained such securities receivable by them as aforesaid during such period, giving application to all adjustments called for during such period under this paragraph with respect to the rights of the holders of the Class B Preferred; provided, however, that no such provision shall be made if the holders of Class B Preferred receive, simultaneously with the distribution to the holders of Common Stock, a dividend or other distribution of such securities, cash or other property in an amount equal to the amount of such securities, cash or other property as they would have received if all outstanding shares of Class B Preferred had been converted into Common Stock on the date of such event.


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(i) Adjustment for Merger or Reorganization, etc. If (A) the Corporation effects any merger or consolidation of the Corporation with or into another Person, (B) the Corporation effects any sale of all or substantially all of its assets in one transaction or a series of related transactions, or (C) the Corporation effects any reclassification of the Common Stock or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property (in any such case, a "Fundamental Transaction"), then, upon any subsequent conversion of the Class B Preferred, the holders shall have the right to receive, for each share of Common Stock that would have been issuable upon such conversion immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, the same kind and amount of securities, cash or property as it would have been entitled to receive upon the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction if it had been, immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction, the holder of one share of Common Stock (the "Alternate Consideration"). For purposes of any such conversion, the determination of the Conversion Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one share of Common Stock in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Corporation shall adjust the shares of Common Stock issuable to the holder in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the holders shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration they receive upon any conversion of the Class B Preferred following such Fundamental Transaction. To the extent necessary to effectuate the foregoing provisions, any successor to the Corporation or surviving entity in such Fundamental Transaction shall file a new Certificate of Designation with the same terms and conditions and issue to the holders new preferred stock consistent with the foregoing provisions and evidencing the holders' right to convert such preferred stock into Alternate Consideration. The terms of any agreement pursuant to which a Fundamental Transaction is effected shall include terms requiring any such successor or surviving entity to comply with the provisions of this Section 4(i) and insuring that the Class B Preferred (or any such replacement security) will be substantially similar in form and substance to this Schedule and insuring that the Class B Preferred will be convertible for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock of such successor entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the shares of Common Stock acquirable and receivable upon conversion of this Class B Preferred (without regard to any limitations on the conversion of this Class B Preferred Stock) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and with a conversion price which applies the conversion price hereunder to such shares of capital stock (but taking into account the relative value of the shares of Common Stock pursuant to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such shares of capital stock, such number of shares of capital stock and such conversion price being for the purpose of protecting the economic value of this Class B Preferred immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction) and will be similarly adjusted upon any subsequent transaction analogous to a Fundamental Transaction.

 

(j) No Fractional Shares. No fractional shares shall be issued upon the conversion of any share or shares of the Class B Preferred and the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock to be issued to particular stockholders, shall be rounded down to the nearest whole share and the Corporation shall pay in cash the fair market value of any fractional shares as of the time when entitlement to receive such fractions is determined. Whether or not fractional shares would be issuable upon such conversion shall be determined on the basis of the total number of shares of Class B Preferred the holder is at the time converting into Common Stock and the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon such conversion.


(k) Notices of Record Date. In the event of any taking by the Corporation of a record of the holders of any class of securities for the purpose of determining the holders thereof who are entitled to receive any dividend (other than a cash dividend) or other distribution, the Corporation shall mail to each holder of Class B Preferred, at least ten (10) days prior to the date specified therein, a notice specifying the date on which any such record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend or distribution, and the amount and character of such dividend or distribution,


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(l) Reservation of Stock Issuable Upon Conversion The Corporation shall at all times reserve and keep available out of its authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock, solely for the purpose of effecting the conversion of the shares of the Class B Preferred, such number of its shares of Common Stock as shall from time to time be sufficient to effect the conversion of all outstanding shares of the Class B Preferred; and if at any time the number of authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock shall not be sufficient to effect the conversion of all then outstanding shares of the Class B Preferred, in addition to such other remedies as shall be available to the holder of such Class B Preferred, the Corporation will take such corporate action as may, in the opinion of its counsel, be necessary to increase its authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock to such number of shares as shall be sufficient for such purposes, including. without limitation, engaging in best efforts to obtain the requisite stockholder approval of any necessary amendment to this Schedule.


(m) The Corporation agrees to maintain a Transfer Agent that is a participant in the DTC's FAST program so long as any shares of Class B Preferred remain outstanding.


Section 5 VOTING.


(a) General Voting. Except for the election of directors pursuant toSection S(b) hereof, the holder of each share of Class B Preferred (i) has the right to one (1) vote for each share of Common Stock into which such Class B Preferred could then be converted, (ii) has full voting rights and powers equal to the voting rights and powers of the holders of Common Stock, (iii) is entitled, notwithstanding any provision hereof, to notice of any stockholders' meeting in accordance with the Bylaws of the Corporation, and (iv) except as provided by law, is entitled to vote, together with holders of Common Stock, with respect to any question upon which holders of Common Stock have the right to vote. Fractional votes are not permitted and any fractional voting rights available on an as-converted basis (after aggregating all shares into which shares of Class B Preferred held by each holder could be converted) will be rounded to the nearest whole number (with one half being rounded downward).



(b) Election of Directors. The holders of Class B Preferred, voting as a separate class, are entitled to elect two (2) member of the Board (a "Class B Preferred Director'') at each meeting or pursuant to each consent of the Corporation's stockholders for the election of directors, and to remove from office such directors and to fill any vacancy caused by the resignation, death or removal of such directors.


(c) Board Vacancies. Any vacancy, including newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors or amendment of this Schedule, and vacancies created by removal or resignation of a director, may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office, though less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director, and the directors so chosen shall hold office until the next annual election and until their successors are duly elected and shall qualify, unless sooner displaced; provided, however, that where such vacancy occurs among the directors elected by the holders of a class or Class B Preferred, the holders of shares of such Class B Preferred may override the Board's action to fill such vacancy by (i) voting for their own designee to fill such vacancy at a meeting of the Corporation's stockholders or (ii) written consent, if the consenting stockholders hold a sufficient number of shares to elect their designee at a meeting of the stockholders. Any director may be removed during his or her term of office, either with or without cause, by, and only by, the affirmative vote of the holders of the shares of the class or Class of stock entitled to elect such director or directors, given either at a special meeting of such stockholders duly called for that purpose or pursuant to a written consent of stockholders, and any vacancy thereby created may be filled by the holders of that class or Class of stock represented at the meeting or pursuant to written consent.


Section 6 OTHER RIGHTS. Without the written consent of the holders of the majority of the outstanding shares of Class B Preferred, the Corporation shall not amend, alter or repeal any provision of the Corporation's Articles of Incorporation so as to adversely affect the rights or preferences of the Class B Preferred or increase the authorized amount of shares of Class B Preferred.


Section 7 STATUS OF CONVERTED STOCK. In the event any shares of Class B Preferred are converted pursuant to Section 4 hereof, then the shares so converted shall be cancelled and shall not be issuable by the Corporation.


Section 8 SUCCFSSORS AND ASSIGNS. A holder of the Class B Preferred may at any time transfer any or all of its Class B Preferred to one or more assignees without requiring the consent of the Corporation. In addition, a holder of the Class B Preferred may, upon notice to the Corporation, sell participations in all or a portion of such holder's rights and/ or obligations under the Class B Preferred.


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Section 9 PROTECTIVE PROVISIONS. So long as any shares of Class B Preferred remain outstanding, the Corporation shall not, without the prior written consent of the holders of at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the then-outstanding shares of Class B Preferred, take or authorize any of the following actions, whether directly or indirectly through a subsidiary, or by merger, recapitalization, consolidation, reclassification, reorganization, or otherwise:


(a) Fundamental Business Changes. Effect any fundamental change in the nature of the business of the Corporation, except for any Asset Sale as contemplated herein.



(b) Equity Redemptions & Dividends. Redeem, repurchase, or otherwise acquire or pay or declare any dividends on any equity securities of the Corporation, other than:


(i) the redemption of or other distribution with respect to Class A Preferred in accordance with its terms upon completion of any Asset Sale or liquidation or sale of the equity securities of ClearOne Holding; and

(ii) dividends on the Class B Preferred as set forth in Section 2 hereof.


(c) Indebtedness. Create, assume, guarantee, or incur any indebtedness for borrowed money, except for indebtedness incurred in connection with ordinary trade payables arising in the ordinary course of business.


(d) Amendment to Organizational Documents. Amend, alter, or repeal any provision of the Corporation's Articles of Incorporation, Bylaws, or similar governing documents in a manner adverse to the rights, preferences, or privileges of the holders of Class B Preferred.


(e) Senior or Pari Passu Securities. Authorize, issue, or reclassify any securities of the Corporation senior to, or pari passu with, the Class B Preferred in terms of liquidation preference, dividend rights, voting rights, or other material economic terms.


(f) New Classes of Securities. Create or authorize the creation of, or issue, any new class or Class of stock or any other security convertible into or exercisable for any equity security having rights, preferences, or privileges senior to the Class B Preferred.


(g) Board Composition. Increase or decrease the authorized number of directors constituting the Board of Directors of the Corporation.


(h) Issuances and Registrations. (i) Enter into any agreement to issue or announce the issuance or proposed issuance of any shares of common stock or common stock equivalents, or (ii) file any registration statement or any amendment or supplement thereto, other than as required by applicable law or in connection with the Asset Sale.


(i) Disposition of Assets. Except for any Asset Sale; other potential liquidation or disposition of ClearOne Holding; and other transactions in the ordinary course of business, engage in, authorize, or consummate any sale, lease, assignment, transfer, license, or other disposition of any assets of the Corporation or any subsidiary in a single transaction or series of related transactions.


(k) Use of Proceeds. Use the proceeds from the issuance of the Class B Preferred or the Note for any purpose other than as set forth in the Disbursement Schedule attached to the definitive agreements.


(k) Restrictive Agreements. Enter into any agreement or instrument that by its terms restricts the Corporation's ability to perform its obligations under this Schedule or any of the definitive financing agreements relating to the Class B Preferred. 

 

(l) Other Customary Provisions. Take any other actions customarily subject to protective provisions in transactions of this nature that materially adversely affect the rights or privileges of the Class B Preferred.


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EX-3.2 8 ex32_2.htm EXHIBIT 3.2

BYLAWS
OF

CLEARONE, INC.


A Nevada Corporation


ARTICLE I 

Stockholders

 

Section 1


Annual Meeting.  Annual meetings of the stockholders (the “Stockholders”) of ClearOne, Inc. (the “Corporation”) shall be held on the day and at the time as may be set by the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the “Board of Directors”) from time to time, at which annual meeting the Stockholders shall elect by vote a Board of Directors and transact such other business as may properly be brought before the meeting.

 

Section 2


Special Meetings.  Special meetings of the Stockholders for any purpose or purposes, unless otherwise prescribed by statute or by the Articles of Incorporation, may be called by the President or the Secretary by resolution of the Board of Directors or at the request in writing of the Stockholders owning a majority in amount of the entire capital stock of the Corporation issued and outstanding and entitled to vote.  Such request shall state the purpose of the proposed meeting.


Section 3


Place of Meetings.  All annual meetings of the Stockholders shall be held at the registered office of the Corporation or at such other place within or outside the State of Nevada as the Board of Directors shall determine.  Special meetings of the Stockholders may be held at such time and place within or outside the State of Nevada as shall be stated in the notice of the meeting, or in a duly executed waiver of notice thereof. Business transacted at any special meeting of Stockholders shall be limited to the purposes stated in the notice.


Section 4


Quorum; Adjourned Meetings.  Stockholders holding at least thirty-three and one-third percent (33 1/3%) of the stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the Stockholders for the transaction of business except as otherwise provided by statute or by the Articles of Incorporation.  If, however, such quorum shall not be present or represented at any meeting of the Stockholders, the Stockholders entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall have the power to adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present or represented.  At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present or represented, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally notified.


Section 5


Voting.  Each Stockholder of record holding stock which is entitled to vote at a meeting shall be entitled at each meeting of the Stockholders to one vote for each share of stock standing in their name on the books of the Corporation.  Upon the demand of any Stockholder, the vote for members of the Board of Directors and the vote upon any question before the meeting shall be by ballot.


When a quorum is present or represented at any meeting, the vote of the Stockholders of a majority of the stock having voting power present in person or represented by proxy shall be sufficient to elect members of the Board of Directors or to decide any question brought before such meeting, unless the question is one upon which by express provision of the statutes or of the Articles of Incorporation, a different vote is required in which case such express provision shall govern and control the decision of such question.


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Section 6


Proxies.  At any meeting of the Stockholders, any Stockholder may be represented and vote by a proxy or proxies appointed by an instrument in writing.  In the event that any such instrument in writing shall designate two or more persons to act as proxies, a majority of such persons present at the meeting, or, if only one shall be present, then that one shall have and may exercise all of the powers conferred by such written instrument upon all of the persons so designated unless the instrument shall otherwise provide.  No proxy or power of attorney to vote shall be used to vote at a meeting of the Stockholders unless it shall have been filed with the secretary of the meeting.  All questions regarding the qualification of voters, the validity of proxies and the acceptance or rejection of votes shall be decided by the inspectors of election who shall be appointed by the Board of Directors, or if not so appointed, then by the presiding officer of the meeting.


Section 7


Action - Without Meeting.  Any action which may be taken by the vote of the Stockholders at a meeting may be taken without a meeting if authorized by the written consent of the Stockholders holding at least a majority of the voting power, unless the provisions of the statutes or of the Articles of Incorporation require a greater proportion of voting power to authorize such action in which case such greater proportion of written consents shall be required.


ARTICLE II 

Directors


Section 1


Management of Corporation.  The business of the Corporation shall be managed by its Board of Directors which may exercise all such powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute or by the Articles of Incorporation or by these Bylaws directed or required to be exercised or done by the Stockholders.


Section 2


Number, Tenure, and Qualifications.  The number of directors which shall constitute the whole Board of Directors shall be at least one.  The number of directors may from time to time be increased or decreased by resolution of the Board of Directors to not less than one nor more than fifteen.  The Board of Directors shall be elected at the annual meeting of the Stockholders and except as provided in Section 2 of this Article, each director elected shall hold office until his successor is elected and qualified.  Directors need not be Stockholders.


Section 3


Vacancies.  Vacancies in the Board of Directors including those caused by an increase in the number of directors, may be filled by a majority of the remaining Board of Directors, though not less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director, and each director so elected shall hold office until his successor is elected at an annual or a special meeting of the Stockholders.  The holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote may at any time peremptorily terminate the term of office of all or any of the members of the Board of Directors by vote at a meeting called for such purpose or by a written statement filed with the secretary or, in his absence, with any other officer.  Such removal shall be effective immediately, even if successors are not elected simultaneously.


A vacancy or vacancies in the Board of Directors shall be deemed to exist in case of the death, resignation or removal of any directors, or if the authorized number of directors be increased, or if the Stockholders fail at any annual or special meeting of the Stockholders at which any director or directors are elected to elect the full authorized number of directors to be voted for at that meeting.


If the Board of Directors accepts the resignation of a director tendered to take effect at a future time, the Board of Directors or the Stockholders shall have power to elect a successor to take office when the resignation is to become effective.


No reduction of the authorized number of directors shall have the effect of removing any director prior to the expiration of his term of office.


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Section 4


Annual and Regular Meetings.  Regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at any place within or outside the State which has been designated from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors or by written consent of all members of the Board of Directors.  In the absence of such designation, regular meetings shall be held at the head office of the Corporation.  Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be held either at a place so designated or at the head office.


Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without call or notice at such time and at such place as shall from time to time be fixed and determined by the Board of Directors.


Section 5


First Meeting.  The first meeting of each newly elected Board of Directors shall be held immediately following the adjournment of the meeting of the Stockholders and at the place thereof.  No notice of such meeting shall be necessary to the Board of Directors in order to legally to constitute the meeting, provided a quorum be present.  In the event such meeting is not so held, the meeting may be held at such time and place as shall be specified in a notice given as hereinafter provided for special meetings of the Board of Directors.


Section 6


Special Meetings.  Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chairman or the President or by any Vice President or by any two directors.


Written notice of the time and place of special meetings shall be delivered personally to each director, or sent to each director by mail, facsimile transmission, electronic mail or by other form of written communication, charges prepaid, addressed to him at his address as it is shown upon the records or if such address is not readily ascertainable, at the place in which the meetings of the Board of Directors are regularly held.  In case such notice is mailed, it shall be deposited in the United States mail at least five (5) days prior to the time of the holding of the meeting.  In case such notice is hand delivered, faxed or emailed as above provided, it shall be so delivered at least twenty-four (24) hours prior to the time of the holding of the meeting.  Such mailing, faxing, emailing or delivery as above provided shall be due, legal and personal notice to such director.


Section 7


Business of Meetings.  The transactions of any meeting of the Board of Directors, however called and noticed or wherever held, shall be as valid as though held at a meeting duly held after regular call and notice, if a quorum be present, and if, either before or after the meeting, each of the directors not present signs a written waiver of notice, or a consent to holding such meeting, or an approval of the minutes thereof.  All such waivers, consents or approvals shall be filed with the corporate records or made a part of the minutes of the meeting.


Section 8


Quorum, Adjourned Meetings.  A majority of the authorized number of directors shall be necessary to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, except to adjourn as hereinafter provided.  Every act or decision made by a majority of the directors present at a meeting duly held at which a quorum is present shall be regarded as the act of the Board of Directors, unless a greater number be required by law or by the Articles of Incorporation.  Any action of a majority, although not at a regularly called meeting, and the record thereof, if assented to in writing by all of the other members of the Board of Directors shall be as valid and effective in all respects as if passed by the Board of Directors in regular meeting.


A quorum of the Board of Directors may adjourn any meeting of the Board of Directors to meet again at a stated day and hour-provided, however, that in the absence of a quorum, a majority of the directors present at any meeting of the Board of Directors, either regular or special, may adjourn from time to time until the time fixed for the next regular meeting of the Board of Directors.


Notice of the time and place of holding an adjourned meeting need not be given to the absent directors if the time and place be fixed at the meeting adjourned.


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Section 9


Committees.  The Board of Directors may, by resolution adopted by a majority of the Board of Directors, designate one or more committees of the Board of Directors, each committee to consist of at least one or more of the members of the Board of Directors which, to the extent provided in the resolution, shall have and may exercise the power of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation and may have power to authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it.  Such committee or committees shall have such name or names as may be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors.  The members of any such committee present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting may, whether or not they constitute a quorum, unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any absent or disqualified member.  At meetings of such committees, a majority of the members or alternate members shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and the act of a majority of the members or alternate members at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the committee.


The committees shall keep regular minutes of their proceedings and report the same to the Board of Directors.


Section 10


Action Without Meeting.  Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if a written consent thereto is signed by all members of the Board of Directors or of such committee, as the case may be, and such written consent is filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee.


Section 11


Special Compensation.  The directors may be paid their expenses of attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors and may be paid a fixed sum for attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors or a stated salary as director.  No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor.  Members of special or standing committees may be allowed like reimbursement and compensation for attending committee meetings.


ARTICLE III 

Notices

Section 1


Notice of Meetings.  Notices of meetings of the Stockholders shall be in writing and signed by the President or a Vice President or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or by such other person or persons as the Board of Directors shall designate.  Such notice shall state the purpose or purposes for which the meeting of the Stockholders is called and the time and the place, which may be within or without this State, where it is to be held.  A copy of such notice shall be delivered personally to, sent by facsimile transmission or electronic mail or shall be mailed, postage prepaid, to each Stockholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before such meeting.  If mailed, it shall be directed to a Stockholder at his address as it appears upon the records of the Corporation and upon such mailing of any such notice, the service thereof shall be complete and the time of the notice shall begin to run from the date upon which such notice is deposited in the mail for transmission to such Stockholder.  Personal delivery of any such notice to any officer of a Corporation or association, or to any member of a partnership shall constitute delivery of such notice to such Corporation, association or partnership.  In the event of the transfer of stock after delivery of such notice of and prior to the holding of the meeting it shall not be necessary to deliver or mail notice of the meeting to the transferee.


Section 2


Effect of Irregularly Called Meetings.  Whenever all parties entitled to vote at any meeting, whether of the Board of Directors or the Stockholders, consent, either by a writing on the records of the meeting or filed with the Secretary, or by presence at such meeting and oral consent entered on the minutes, or by taking part in the deliberations at such meeting without objection, the doings of such meeting shall be as valid as if they had been approved at a meeting regularly called and noticed, and at such meeting any business may be transacted which is not excepted from the written consent or to the consideration of which no objection for want of notice is made at the time, and if any meeting be irregular for want of notice or of such consent, provided a quorum was present at such meeting, the proceedings of said meeting may be ratified and approved and rendered likewise valid and the irregularity or defect therein waived by a writing signed by all parties having the right to vote at such meeting, and such consent or approval of the Stockholders may be by proxy or attorney, but all such proxies and powers of attorney must be in writing.


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Section 3


Waiver of Notice.  Whenever any notice is required to be given under the provisions of the statutes, of the Articles of Incorporation or of these Bylaws, a waiver thereof in writing, signed by the person or persons entitled to said notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent thereto.


ARTICLE IV 

Officers


Section 1


Election.  The officers of the Corporation shall be chosen by the Board of Directors and shall be a President, a Secretary and a Treasurer, none of whom need be directors of the Corporation.  Any person may hold two or more offices.  The Board of Directors may appoint a Chairman of the Board of Directors, Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, one or more Vice Presidents, Assistant Treasurers and Assistant Secretaries.


Section 2


Chairman of the Board.  The Chairman of the Board of Directors may preside at meetings of the Stockholders and the Board of Directors, and may see that all orders and resolutions of the Board of Directors are carried into effect.


Section 3


Vice Chairman of the Board.  The Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors may, in the absence or disability of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Chairman of the Board of Directors and may perform such other duties as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe.


Section 4


President.  The President may be the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation and may have active management of the business of the Corporation.


Section 5


Vice President.  The Vice President may act under the direction of the President and in the absence or disability of the President may perform the duties and exercise the powers of the President.  The Vice President may perform such other duties and have such other powers as the President or the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe.  The Board of Directors may designate one or more Executive Vice Presidents or may otherwise specify the order of seniority of the Vice Presidents.  The duties and powers of the President may descend to the Vice Presidents in such specified order of seniority.


Section 6


Secretary.  The Secretary may act under the direction of the President.  Subject to the direction of the President, the Secretary may attend all meetings of the Board of Directors and all meetings of the Stockholders and record the proceedings.  The Secretary may perform like duties for the standing committees when required.  The Secretary may give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of the Stockholders and special meetings of the Board of Directors, and may perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the President or the Board of Directors.


Section 7


Assistant Secretaries.  The Assistant Secretaries may act under the direction of the President.  In order of their seniority, unless otherwise determined by the President or the Board of Directors, they may, in the absence or disability of the Secretary, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Secretary.  They may perform such other duties and have such other powers as the President or the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe.


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Section 8


Treasurer.  The Treasurer may act under the direction of the President.  Subject to the direction of the President, the Treasurer may have custody of the corporate funds and securities and may keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation and may deposit all monies and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors.  The Treasurer may disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the President or the Board of Directors, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements, and may render to the President and the Board of Directors, at its regular meetings, or when the Board of Directors so requires, an account of all transactions as Treasurer and of the financial condition of the Corporation.


If required by the Board of Directors, the Treasurer may give the Corporation a bond in such sum and with such surety or sureties as shall be satisfactory to the Board of Directors for the faithful performance of the duties of the Treasurer’s office and for the restoration to the Corporation, in case of Treasurer’s death, resignation, retirement or removal from office, of all books, papers, vouchers, money and other property of whatever kind in the Treasurer’s possession or under the Treasurer’s control belonging to the Corporation.


Section 9


Assistant Treasurers.  The Assistant Treasurers in the order of their seniority, unless otherwise determined by the President or the Board of Directors, may, in the absence or disability of the Treasurer, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Treasurer.  They may perform such other duties and have such other powers as the President or the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe.


Section 10


Compensation.  The salaries and compensation of all officers of the Corporation shall be fixed by the Board of Directors.


Section 11


Removal; Resignation.  The officers of the Corporation shall hold office at the pleasure of the Board of Directors.  Any officer elected or appointed by the Board of Directors may be removed at any time by the Board of Directors.  Any vacancy occurring in any office of the Corporation by death, resignation, removal or otherwise shall be filled by the Board of Directors.


ARTICLE V 

Capital Stock


Section 1


Certificates.  The shares of stock of the Corporation shall be represented by certificates; provided that the Board of Directors may provide by resolution or resolutions that some or all of any class or series shall be uncertificated shares that may be evidenced by a book-entry system maintained by the registrar of such stock. If shares are represented by certificates, such certificates shall be in the form, other than bearer form, approved by the Board of Directors. Every Stockholder shall be entitled to have a certificate signed by the President or Secretary of the Corporation, certifying the number of shares owned by such Stockholder in the Corporation.  If the Corporation shall be authorized to issue more than one class of stock or more than one series of any class, the designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of the various classes of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such rights, shall be set forth in full or summarized on the face or back of the certificate, which the Corporation shall issue to represent such stock.


If a certificate is signed (1) by a transfer agent other than the Corporation or its employees or (2) by a registrar other than the Corporation or its employees, the signatures of the officers of the Corporation may be facsimiles.  In case any officer who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall cease to be such officer before such certificate is issued, such certificate may be issued with the same effect as though the person had not ceased to be such officer.  The seal of the Corporation, or a facsimile thereof, may, but need not be, affixed to certificates of stock.


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Section 2


Surrendered, Lost or Destroyed Certificates.   The Board of Directors may direct a certificate or certificates to be issued in place of any certificate or certificates theretofore issued by the Corporation alleged to have been lost or destroyed upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost or destroyed.  When authorizing such issue of a new certificate or certificates, the Board of Directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost or destroyed certificate or certificates, or his legal representative, to advertise the same in such manner as it shall require and/or give the Corporation a bond in such sum as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the Corporation with respect to the certificate alleged to have been lost or destroyed.


Section 3


Replacement Certificates.  Upon surrender to the Corporation or the transfer agent of the Corporation of a certificate for shares duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignment or authority to transfer, it shall be the duty of the Corporation, if it is satisfied that all provisions of the laws and regulations applicable to the Corporation regarding transfer and ownership of shares have been complied with, to issue a new certificate to the person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate and record the transaction upon its books.


Section 4


Record Date.  The Board of Directors may fix in advance a date not exceeding sixty (60) days nor less than ten (10) days preceding the date of any meeting of the Stockholders, or the date for the payment of any distribution, or the date for the allotment of rights, or the date when any change or conversion or exchange of capital stock shall go into effect, or a date in connection with obtaining the consent of the Stockholders for any purpose, as a record date for the determination of the Stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at any such meeting, and any adjournment thereof, or entitled to receive payment of any such distribution, or to give such consent, and in such case, such Stockholders, and only such Stockholders as shall be Stockholders of record on the date so fixed, shall be entitled to notice of and to vote at such meeting, or any adjournment thereof, or to receive payment of such distribution, or to receive such allotment of rights, or to exercise such rights, or to give such consent, as the case may be, notwithstanding any transfer of any stock on the books of the Corporation after any such record date fixed as aforesaid.


Section 5


Registered Owner.  The Corporation shall be entitled to recognize the person registered on its books as the owner of shares to be the exclusive owner for all purposes including voting and distribution, and the Corporation shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of Nevada.


ARTICLE VI 

General Provisions


Section 1


Registered Office.  The registered office of this Corporation shall be in the State of Nevada.


The Corporation may also have offices at such other places both within and outside the State of Nevada as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require.


Section 2


Distributions.  Distributions upon capital stock of the Corporation, subject to the provisions of the Articles of Incorporation, if any, may be declared by the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting, pursuant to law.  Distributions may be paid in cash, in property or in shares of capital stock, subject to the provisions of the Articles of Incorporation.


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Section 3


Reserves.  Before payment of any distribution, there may be set aside out of any funds of the Corporation available for distributions such sum or sums as the Board of Directors from time to time, in their absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for equalizing distributions or for repairing or maintaining any property of the Corporation or for such other purpose as the Board of Directors shall think conducive to the interest of the Corporation, and the Board of Directors may modify or abolish any such reserve in the manner in which it was created.


Section 4


Checks; Notes.  All checks or demands for money and notes of the Corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers or such other person or persons as the Board of Directors may from time to time designate.


Section 5


Fiscal Year.  The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.


Section 6


Corporate Seal.  The Corporation may or may not have a corporate seal, as may from time to time be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors.  If a corporate seal is adopted, it shall have inscribed thereon the name of the Corporation and the words "Corporate Seal" and "Nevada".  The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or in any manner reproduced.


Section 7


Acquisition of Controlling Interest.  The Corporation elects not to be governed by NRS 78.378 to 78.3793, inclusive.


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ARTICLE VII 

Indemnification


Section 1


Indemnification of Officers and Directors, Employees and Other Persons.  Every person (an “Indemnitee”) who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is involved in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that such person or a person of whom such person is the legal representative is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation or for its benefit as a director or officer of another corporation, or as its representative in a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall be indemnified and held harmless to the fullest extent legally permissible under the Nevada Revised Statutes from time to time against all expenses, liability and loss (including attorneys' fees, judgments, fines and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by such Indemnitee in connection therewith.  The expenses of officers and directors incurred in defending a civil or criminal action, suit or proceeding must be paid by the Corporation as they are incurred and in advance of the final disposition of the action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the director or officer to repay the amount if it is ultimately determined by a court of competent jurisdiction that the Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation.  Such right of indemnification shall be a contract right which may be enforced in any manner desired by such person.  Such right of indemnification shall not be exclusive of any other right which such directors, officers or representatives may have or hereafter acquire and, without limiting the generality of such statement, they shall be entitled to their respective rights of indemnification under any bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders, provision of law or otherwise, as well as their rights under this Article.


Section 2


Insurance.  The Board of Directors may cause the Corporation to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director or officer of another Corporation, or as its representative in a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against such person and incurred in any such capacity or arising out of such status, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person.


Section 3


Further Bylaws.  The Board of Directors may from time to time adopt further Bylaws with respect to indemnification and may amend these and such Bylaws to provide at all times the fullest indemnification permitted by the Nevada Revised Statutes.


ARTICLE VIII 

Amendments


Section 1


Amendments by Board of Directors.  The Board of Directors, by a majority vote of the Board of Directors at any meeting may amend these Bylaws, including Bylaws adopted by the Stockholders, but the Stockholders may from time to time specify particular provisions of the Bylaws, which shall not be amended by the Board of Directors.


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