0001704715--12-312023Q1false9111100017047152023-01-012023-03-3100017047152023-04-30xbrli:sharesiso4217:USD00017047152022-01-012022-03-31iso4217:USDxbrli:shares00017047152023-03-3100017047152022-12-3100017047152021-12-3100017047152022-03-310001704715us-gaap:CommonStockMember2021-12-310001704715us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember2021-12-310001704715us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2021-12-310001704715us-gaap:TreasuryStockCommonMember2021-12-310001704715us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2021-12-310001704715us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2022-01-012022-03-310001704715us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2022-01-012022-03-310001704715us-gaap:CommonStockMember2022-01-012022-03-310001704715us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember2022-01-012022-03-310001704715us-gaap:TreasuryStockCommonMember2022-01-012022-03-310001704715us-gaap:CommonStockMember2022-03-310001704715us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember2022-03-310001704715us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2022-03-310001704715us-gaap:TreasuryStockCommonMember2022-03-310001704715us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2022-03-310001704715us-gaap:CommonStockMember2022-12-310001704715us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember2022-12-310001704715us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2022-12-310001704715us-gaap:TreasuryStockCommonMember2022-12-310001704715us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2022-12-310001704715us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2023-01-012023-03-310001704715us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2023-01-012023-03-310001704715us-gaap:CommonStockMember2023-01-012023-03-310001704715us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember2023-01-012023-03-310001704715us-gaap:TreasuryStockCommonMember2023-01-012023-03-310001704715us-gaap:CommonStockMember2023-03-310001704715us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember2023-03-310001704715us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2023-03-310001704715us-gaap:TreasuryStockCommonMember2023-03-310001704715us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2023-03-310001704715us-gaap:NonUsMemberamr:CoalMetMember2023-01-012023-03-310001704715amr:CoalThermalMemberus-gaap:NonUsMember2023-01-012023-03-310001704715us-gaap:PublicUtilitiesInventoryCoalMemberus-gaap:NonUsMember2023-01-012023-03-310001704715amr:CoalMetMembercountry:US2023-01-012023-03-310001704715amr:CoalThermalMembercountry:US2023-01-012023-03-310001704715us-gaap:PublicUtilitiesInventoryCoalMembercountry:US2023-01-012023-03-310001704715amr:CoalMetMember2023-01-012023-03-310001704715amr:CoalThermalMember2023-01-012023-03-310001704715us-gaap:PublicUtilitiesInventoryCoalMember2023-01-012023-03-310001704715us-gaap:NonUsMemberamr:CoalMetMember2022-01-012022-03-310001704715amr:CoalThermalMemberus-gaap:NonUsMember2022-01-012022-03-310001704715us-gaap:PublicUtilitiesInventoryCoalMemberus-gaap:NonUsMember2022-01-012022-03-310001704715amr:CoalMetMembercountry:US2022-01-012022-03-310001704715amr:CoalThermalMembercountry:US2022-01-012022-03-310001704715us-gaap:PublicUtilitiesInventoryCoalMembercountry:US2022-01-012022-03-310001704715amr:CoalMetMember2022-01-012022-03-310001704715amr:CoalThermalMember2022-01-012022-03-310001704715us-gaap:PublicUtilitiesInventoryCoalMember2022-01-012022-03-3100017047152023-04-012023-03-3100017047152024-01-012023-03-3100017047152025-01-012023-03-3100017047152026-01-012023-03-3100017047152027-01-012023-03-310001704715us-gaap:AccumulatedDefinedBenefitPlansAdjustmentMember2022-12-310001704715us-gaap:AccumulatedDefinedBenefitPlansAdjustmentMember2023-01-012023-03-310001704715us-gaap:AccumulatedDefinedBenefitPlansAdjustmentMember2023-03-310001704715us-gaap:AccumulatedDefinedBenefitPlansAdjustmentMember2021-12-310001704715us-gaap:AccumulatedDefinedBenefitPlansAdjustmentMember2022-01-012022-03-310001704715us-gaap:AccumulatedDefinedBenefitPlansAdjustmentMember2022-03-310001704715us-gaap:AccumulatedDefinedBenefitPlansAdjustmentNetUnamortizedGainLossMemberus-gaap:ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2023-01-012023-03-310001704715us-gaap:AccumulatedDefinedBenefitPlansAdjustmentNetUnamortizedGainLossMemberus-gaap:ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2022-01-012022-03-310001704715amr:AccumulatedDefinedBenefitPlantAdjustmentSettlementGainLossAttributabletoParentMemberus-gaap:ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2023-01-012023-03-310001704715amr:AccumulatedDefinedBenefitPlantAdjustmentSettlementGainLossAttributabletoParentMemberus-gaap:ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2022-01-012022-03-310001704715us-gaap:AccumulatedDefinedBenefitPlansAdjustmentMemberus-gaap:ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2023-01-012023-03-310001704715us-gaap:AccumulatedDefinedBenefitPlansAdjustmentMemberus-gaap:ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2022-01-012022-03-310001704715us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember2023-01-012023-03-310001704715us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember2022-01-012022-03-310001704715us-gaap:StockCompensationPlanMember2023-01-012023-03-310001704715us-gaap:StockCompensationPlanMember2022-01-012022-03-310001704715us-gaap:PublicUtilitiesInventoryCoalMember2023-03-310001704715us-gaap:PublicUtilitiesInventoryCoalMember2022-12-310001704715amr:InventoryExcludingCoalMember2023-03-310001704715amr:InventoryExcludingCoalMember2022-12-3100017047152023-02-2100017047152023-02-212023-02-210001704715us-gaap:SubsequentEventMember2023-04-032023-04-0300017047152016-07-2600017047152022-12-1500017047152023-03-150001704715amr:NewAssetBasedRevolvingCreditFacilityMemberus-gaap:RevolvingCreditFacilityMember2021-12-060001704715amr:NewAssetBasedRevolvingCreditFacilityMemberus-gaap:LetterOfCreditMember2021-12-060001704715amr:NewAssetBasedRevolvingCreditFacilityMemberus-gaap:LineOfCreditMemberus-gaap:RevolvingCreditFacilityMember2022-12-310001704715amr:NewAssetBasedRevolvingCreditFacilityMemberus-gaap:LineOfCreditMemberus-gaap:RevolvingCreditFacilityMember2023-03-310001704715amr:NewAssetBasedRevolvingCreditFacilityMemberus-gaap:LineOfCreditMember2022-12-310001704715amr:NewAssetBasedRevolvingCreditFacilityMemberus-gaap:LineOfCreditMember2023-03-310001704715amr:ContingentRevenueObligationMember2023-03-310001704715amr:ContingentRevenueObligationMember2022-12-310001704715amr:EnvironmentalSettlementObligationsMember2023-03-310001704715amr:EnvironmentalSettlementObligationsMember2022-12-310001704715us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember2023-03-310001704715us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Memberus-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember2023-03-310001704715us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Memberus-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember2023-03-310001704715us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Memberus-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember2023-03-310001704715us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember2022-12-310001704715us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Memberus-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember2022-12-310001704715us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Memberus-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember2022-12-310001704715us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Memberus-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember2022-12-310001704715us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member2022-12-310001704715us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member2023-01-012023-03-310001704715us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member2023-03-310001704715us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member2021-12-310001704715us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member2022-01-012022-03-310001704715us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member2022-03-310001704715us-gaap:PensionPlansDefinedBenefitMember2023-01-012023-03-310001704715us-gaap:PensionPlansDefinedBenefitMember2022-01-012022-03-310001704715us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPostretirementHealthCoverageMember2023-01-012023-03-310001704715us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPostretirementHealthCoverageMember2022-01-012022-03-310001704715amr:CumberlandBackToBackCoalSupplyAgreementsMember2023-03-31utr:T0001704715amr:CumberlandBackToBackCoalSupplyAgreementsMember2023-01-012023-03-310001704715amr:CumberlandBackToBackCoalSupplyAgreementsMember2022-01-012022-03-310001704715amr:CreditandSecurityAgreementMemberus-gaap:LineOfCreditMemberus-gaap:RevolvingCreditFacilityMember2023-03-310001704715us-gaap:SuretyBondMember2023-03-310001704715amr:ReclamationRelatedObligationsMemberus-gaap:CollateralPledgedMember2023-03-310001704715amr:WorkersCompensationAndBlackLungObligationsMember2023-03-310001704715amr:WorkersCompensationAndBlackLungObligationsMember2022-12-310001704715amr:ReclamationRelatedObligationsMember2023-03-310001704715amr:ReclamationRelatedObligationsMember2022-12-310001704715amr:FinancialPaymentsAndOtherPerformanceObligationsMember2023-03-310001704715amr:FinancialPaymentsAndOtherPerformanceObligationsMember2022-12-310001704715amr:ContingentRevenueObligationMember2023-03-310001704715amr:ContingentRevenueObligationMember2022-12-310001704715amr:OtherOperatingAgreementsMember2023-03-310001704715amr:OtherOperatingAgreementsMember2022-12-310001704715us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPostretirementHealthCoverageMember2020-02-210001704715us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPostretirementHealthCoverageMember2020-02-200001704715us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPostretirementHealthCoverageMember2022-02-100001704715us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPostretirementHealthCoverageMembersrt:MinimumMember2023-01-310001704715us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPostretirementHealthCoverageMembersrt:MaximumMember2023-01-31amr:segment0001704715amr:MetMemberstpr:VAus-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember2023-01-012023-03-31amr:mineamr:plant0001704715amr:MetMemberus-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMemberstpr:WV2023-01-012023-03-310001704715amr:OtherOperatingSegmentsAndIntersegmentEliminationsMemberstpr:WV2023-01-012023-03-310001704715amr:MetMemberus-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember2023-01-012023-03-310001704715amr:OtherOperatingSegmentsAndIntersegmentEliminationsMember2023-01-012023-03-310001704715amr:MetMemberus-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember2022-01-012022-03-310001704715amr:OtherOperatingSegmentsAndIntersegmentEliminationsMember2022-01-012022-03-310001704715amr:ExportCoalRevenueMember2023-01-012023-03-310001704715amr:ExportCoalRevenueMember2022-01-012022-03-310001704715amr:ExportCoalRevenueMemberus-gaap:GeographicConcentrationRiskMemberus-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMember2023-01-012023-03-31xbrli:pure0001704715amr:ExportCoalRevenueMemberus-gaap:GeographicConcentrationRiskMemberus-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMember2022-01-012022-03-310001704715us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberamr:CustomerOneMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember2023-01-012023-03-310001704715us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberamr:CustomerOneMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember2022-01-012022-03-310001704715amr:TopTenCustomersMemberus-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember2023-01-012023-03-310001704715amr:TopTenCustomersMemberus-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember2022-01-012022-03-310001704715us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember2023-01-012023-03-31amr:customer0001704715us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember2022-01-012022-03-310001704715us-gaap:AccountsReceivableMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember2023-01-012023-03-310001704715us-gaap:AccountsReceivableMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember2022-01-012022-03-310001704715us-gaap:SubsequentEventMember2023-05-032023-05-03

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes   ¨ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Sec.232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). x Yes   ¨ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act) ☐ Yes   x No

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Number of shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $0.01 par value, outstanding as of April 30, 2023: 14,473,756

This report includes statements of our expectations, intentions, plans and beliefs that constitute “forward-looking statements.” These statements, which involve risks and uncertainties, relate to analyses and other information that are based on forecasts of future results and estimates of amounts not yet determinable and may also relate to our future prospects, developments and business strategies. We have used the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “predict,” “project,” “should” and similar terms and phrases, including references to assumptions, in this report to identify forward-looking statements, but these terms and phrases are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. These forward-looking statements are made based on expectations and beliefs concerning future events affecting us and are subject to uncertainties and factors relating to our operations and business environment, all of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control, that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by these forward-looking statements.

The following factors are among those that may cause actual results to differ materially from our forward-looking statements:

•the financial performance of the company;

•our liquidity, results of operations and financial condition;

•our ability to generate sufficient cash or obtain financing to fund our business operations;

•depressed levels or declines in coal prices;

•railroad, barge, truck and other transportation availability, performance and costs;

•changes in domestic or international environmental laws and regulations, and court decisions, including those directly affecting our coal mining and production and those affecting our customers’ coal usage, including potential climate change initiatives;

•our ability to obtain or renew surety bonds on acceptable terms or maintain our current bonding status;

•worldwide market demand for coal and steel, including demand for U.S. coal exports, and competition in coal markets;

•attracting and retaining key personnel and other employee workforce factors, such as labor relations;

•our ability to pay dividends on our common stock and execute our share repurchase program;

•our ability to self-insure certain of our black lung obligations without a significant increase in required collateral;

•our ability to meet collateral requirements and fund employee benefit obligations;

•inflationary pressures on supplies and labor and significant or rapid increases in commodity prices;

•disruptions in delivery or changes in pricing from third-party vendors of key equipment and materials that are necessary for our operations, such as diesel fuel, steel products, explosives, tires and purchased coal;

•cybersecurity attacks or failures, threats to physical security, extreme weather conditions or other natural disasters;

•the imposition or continuation of barriers to trade, such as tariffs;

•our ability to consummate financing or refinancing transactions, and other services, and the form and degree of these services available to us, which may be significantly limited by the lending, investment and similar policies of financial institutions and insurance companies regarding carbon energy producers and the environmental impacts of coal combustion;

•increased market volatility and uncertainty on worldwide markets and our customers as a result of developments in and around Ukraine and the consequent export controls and financial and economic sanctions;

•failures in performance, or non-performance, of services by third-party contractors, including contract mining and reclamation contractors;

•disruption in third-party coal supplies;

•reductions or increases in customer coal inventories and the timing of those changes;

•our production capabilities and costs;

•our ability to obtain, maintain or renew any necessary permits or rights, and our ability to mine properties due to defects in title on leasehold interests;

•the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations and the world economy;

•inherent risks of coal mining, including those that are beyond our control;

•changes in, interpretations of, or implementations of domestic or international tax or other laws and regulations, including the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 and its related regulations;

•our relationships with, and other conditions affecting, our customers, including the inability to collect payments from our customers if their creditworthiness declines;

•changes in, renewal or acquisition of, terms of and performance of customers under coal supply arrangements and the refusal by our customers to receive coal under agreed-upon contract terms;

•our indebtedness and potential future indebtedness;

•reclamation and mine closure obligations;

•utilities switching to alternative energy sources such as natural gas, renewables and coal from basins where we do not operate;

•our assumptions concerning economically recoverable coal reserve estimates; and

•other factors, including the other factors discussed in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Risk Factors” sections contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The list of factors identified above is not exhaustive. We caution readers not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which are based on information currently available to us and speak only as of the dates on which they are made. When considering these forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind the cautionary statements in this report. We do not undertake any responsibility to publicly revise these forward-looking statements to take into account events or circumstances that occur after the date of this report. Additionally, except as expressly required by federal securities laws, we do not undertake any responsibility to update you on the occurrence of any unanticipated events, which may cause actual results to differ from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in this report.

Item 1. Financial Statements

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Alpha is a Tennessee-based mining company with operations across Virginia and West Virginia. With customers across the globe, high-quality reserves and significant port capacity, Alpha is a leading U.S. supplier of metallurgical coal products for the steel industry.

Together, the condensed consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, balance sheets, cash flows and stockholders’ equity for the Company are referred to as the “Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.” The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are also referenced across periods as “Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations,” “Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income,” “Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets,” “Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows,” and “Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity.”

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include all wholly-owned subsidiaries’ results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The accompanying interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are unaudited and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for Form 10-Q. Such rules and regulations allow the omission of certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP as long as the financial statements are not misleading. In the opinion of management, these interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the periods presented. Results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023 or any other period. These interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Certain immaterial amounts for the three months ended March 31, 2022 in the Condensed Consolidated Financials Statements and notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financials Statements have been recast to reclassify discontinued operations and present the related amounts within continuing operations as part of the All Other category.

There are no new pronouncements issued but not yet effective expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.

The Company earns revenues primarily through the sale of coal produced at Company operations and coal purchased from third parties. The Company extracts, processes and markets met and thermal coal from deep and surface mines for sale to steel and coke producers, industrial customers, and electric utilities.

The Company has disaggregated revenue between met coal and thermal coal and export and domestic revenues which depicts the pricing and contract differences between the two. Export revenue generally is derived by spot or short-term contracts with pricing determined at the time of shipment or based on a market index, whereas domestic revenue is characterized by contracts that typically have a term of one year or longer and typically the pricing is fixed. The following tables disaggregate the Company’s coal revenues by product category and by market to depict how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of the Company’s coal revenues and cash flows are affected by economic factors:

The following table includes estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied as of March 31, 2023:

The following tables summarize the changes to accumulated other comprehensive loss during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

The following table summarizes the amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss and the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations line items affected by the reclassification during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

(1) These accumulated other comprehensive loss components are included in the computation of net periodic benefit costs for certain employee benefit plans. Refer to Note 13.

The number of shares used to calculate basic net income per common share is based on the weighted average number of the Company’s outstanding common shares during the respective period. The number of shares used to calculate diluted net income per common share is based on the number of common shares used to calculate basic net income per common share plus the dilutive effect of stock options and other stock-based instruments held by the Company’s employees and directors during the period, and the Company’s outstanding warrants. The dilutive effect of outstanding stock-based instruments is determined by application of the treasury stock method. The stock options and warrants become dilutive for diluted net income per common share calculations when the market price of the Company’s common stock exceeds the exercise price. Anti-dilution also occurs in periods of a net loss, and the dilutive impact of all warrants and share-based compensation awards are excluded.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, no warrants, stock options, or other stock-based instruments were excluded from the computation of dilutive net income per common share because they would have been anti-dilutive. When applying the treasury stock method, anti-dilution generally occurs when the exercise prices or unrecognized compensation cost per share are higher than the Company’s average stock price during an applicable period.

The following table presents the net income per common share for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

Inventories, net consisted of the following: 

On February 21, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) approved a $200,000 increase to the existing common share repurchase program that the Board adopted on March 4, 2022, bringing the total authorization to repurchase the Company’s stock to $1,200,000. As of March 31, 2023, the Company had repurchased an aggregate of 4,414,451 shares under the plan for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $654,468 (comprised of $654,335 of share repurchases and $133 of related fees). The Company has also accrued a stock repurchase excise tax of $1,199 related to the share repurchase program as of March 31, 2023, which is recorded in treasury stock at cost.

Pursuant to the dividend policy adopted by the Board on May 3, 2022, the Board declared the following quarterly cash dividend on the Company’s common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2023:

(1) Excludes dividend equivalents accrued of $223 as of March 31, 2023. As of March 31, 2023, a related $6,602 balance was held on deposit to facilitate the dividend payment on April 3, 2023.

Refer to Note 17 for subsequent event disclosures related to the Company’s dividend program.

On July 26, 2016, the Company issued 810,811 warrants, which are classified as equity instruments. Pursuant to the underlying warrants agreement, the warrants are exercisable for cash or on a cashless basis at any time until 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on July 26, 2023, and no fractional shares shall be issued upon warrant exercises. Pursuant to the underlying warrants agreement, the exercise price was adjusted from $45.086 per share to $44.972 per share as of the March 15, 2023 dividend record date while the warrant share number remained unchanged, at 1.20. Refer to Note 17 for subsequent event disclosures related to the Company’s dividend program which could result in an additional adjustment to the warrants exercise price and warrants share number.

As of March 31, 2023, 159,668 warrants remained outstanding, with a total of 191,602 shares underlying the un-exercised warrants. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company issued 37,404 shares of common stock resulting from exercises of its warrants and, pursuant to the terms of the underlying warrants agreement, withheld 8,514 of the issued shares in satisfaction of the warrant exercise price and in lieu of fractional shares, which were subsequently reclassified as treasury stock in the amount of $1,075.

As of March 31, 2022, 744,845 warrants were outstanding, with a total of 856,572 shares underlying the un-exercised warrants. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company issued 64,861 shares of common stock resulting from exercises of its warrants and, pursuant to the terms of the underlying warrants agreement, withheld 91 of the issued shares in satisfaction of the warrant exercise price and in lieu of fractional shares, which were subsequently reclassified as treasury stock.

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following: 

Long-term debt consisted of the following: 

The Second Amended and Restated Asset-Based Revolving Credit Agreement (the “ABL Agreement”) includes a senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility (the “ABL Facility”). Under the ABL Facility, the Company may borrow cash or obtain letters of credit, on a revolving basis, in an aggregate amount of up to $155,000, of which no more than $150,000 may represent outstanding letters of credit ($125,000 on a committed basis and another $25,000 on an uncommitted cash collateralized basis) with the facility having a maturity date of December 6, 2024. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no outstanding borrowings under the ABL Facility. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had $61,877 letters of credit outstanding under the ABL Facility.

The ABL Agreement, as amended, and related documents contain negative and affirmative covenants including certain financial covenants. The Company is in compliance with all covenants under these agreements as of March 31, 2023.

Acquisition-related obligations consisted of the following:

During the first quarter of 2023, the Company paid the final calculated payment pursuant to terms of the Contingent Revenue Obligation. Refer to Note 11 for further disclosures related to the fair value assignment and methods used.

The following table summarizes the changes in asset retirement obligations for the three months ended March 31, 2023:

(1) Included within Accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Refer to Note 7.

The estimated fair values of financial instruments are determined based on relevant market information. These estimates involve uncertainty and cannot be determined with precision.

The carrying amounts for cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, net, prepaid expenses and other current assets, restricted cash, deposits, trade accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and environmental settlement obligations approximate fair value as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 due to the short maturity of these instruments.

The following tables set forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy, the Company’s financial and non-financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Financial and non-financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment, and may affect the determination of fair value for assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels.

(1) Classified as Long-term restricted investments on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

(1) Includes $46,052 classified as Short-term investments and $105,735 classified as Long-term restricted investments on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The following tables are reconciliations of the financial and non-financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis and that were categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy:

(1) The loss recognized in earnings resulted primarily from an increase in forecasted future revenue as of March 31, 2022.

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair values of the assets and liabilities in the tables above:

Trading Securities - Typically includes certificates of deposit, corporate fixed income, and U.S. government securities. The fair values are obtained from a third-party pricing service provider. The fair values provided by the pricing service provider are based on observable market inputs including credit spreads and broker-dealer quotes, among other inputs. The Company classifies the prices obtained from the pricing services within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because the underlying inputs are directly observable from active markets. However, the pricing models used entail a certain amount of subjectivity and therefore differing judgments in how the underlying inputs are modeled could result in different estimates of fair value.

Contingent Revenue Obligation - The fair value of the Contingent Revenue Obligation was estimated using a Black-Scholes pricing model. The inputs included in the Black-Scholes pricing model are the Company’s forecasted future revenue, the stated royalty rate, the remaining periods in the obligation, annual risk-free interest rate based on the U.S. Constant Maturity Treasury Curve and annualized volatility. The annualized volatility was calculated by observing volatilities for comparable companies with adjustments for the Company's size and leverage. As the royalty period ended on December 31, 2022, the fair value of the remaining obligation as of that date represents the actual final calculated payment made during the first quarter of 2023. Refer to Note 9 for additional information.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded income tax expense of $42,411 on income before income taxes of $313,182. The income tax expense differs from the expected statutory amount primarily due to the permanent impact of percentage depletion and foreign-derived intangible income deductions, partially offset by the impact of state income taxes, net of federal impact. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recorded income tax expense of $39,591 on income before income taxes of $440,482. The income tax expense differs from the expected statutory amount primarily due to the decrease in the valuation allowance and the permanent impact of percentage depletion and foreign-derived intangible income deductions, partially offset by the impact of state income taxes, net of federal impact.

The components of net periodic benefit cost (credit) other than the service cost component for black lung are included in the line item miscellaneous income, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The following table details the components of the net periodic benefit cost (credit) for pension obligations:

The following table details the components of the net periodic benefit cost for black lung obligations:

There were no material related party transactions for the three months ended March 31, 2023 or 2022.

Estimated losses from loss contingencies are accrued by a charge to income when information available indicates that it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated.

If a loss contingency is not probable or reasonably estimable, disclosure of the loss contingency is made in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements when it is at least reasonably possible that a loss may be incurred and that the loss could be material.

The Company leases coal mining and other equipment under long-term financing and operating leases with varying terms. In addition, the Company leases mineral interests and surface rights from landowners under various terms and royalty rates.

Extensive regulation of the impacts of mining on the environment and of maintaining workplace safety has had, and is expected to continue to have, a significant effect on the Company’s costs of production and results of operations. Further regulations, legislation or litigation in these areas may also cause the Company’s sales or profitability to decline by increasing costs or by hindering the Company’s ability to continue mining at existing operations or to permit new operations.

During the normal course of business, contract-related matters arise between the Company and its customers. When a loss related to such matters is considered probable and can reasonably be estimated, the Company records a liability.

As of March 31, 2023, per terms of the Cumberland Back-to-Back Coal Supply Agreements, the Company is required to purchase and sell 209 tons of coal in the remainder of 2023 totaling $8,045. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company purchased and sold 193 and 419 tons, respectively, totaling $7,341 and $16,185, respectively, under the Cumberland Back-to-Back Coal Supply Agreements. As of March 31, 2023, the Cumberland Back-to-Back Coal Supply Agreements are scheduled to be fully performed by the end of the second quarter of 2023.

In the normal course of business, the Company is a party to certain guarantees and financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk, such as bank letters of credit, performance or surety bonds, and other guarantees and indemnities related to the obligations of affiliated entities which are not reflected in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. However, the underlying liabilities that they secure, such as asset retirement obligations, workers’ compensation liabilities, and royalty obligations, are reflected in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company is required to provide financial assurance in order to perform the post-mining reclamation required by its mining permits, pay workers’ compensation claims under workers’ compensation laws in various states, pay federal black lung benefits, and perform certain other obligations. In order to provide the required financial assurance, the Company generally uses surety bonds for post-mining reclamation and workers’ compensation obligations. The Company can also use bank letters of credit to collateralize certain obligations.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company had $61,877 letters of credit outstanding under the ABL Agreement. Additionally, as of March 31, 2023, the Company had $50 in letters of credit outstanding under the Credit and Security Agreement dated June 30, 2017, and related amendments, between ANR, Inc. and First Tennessee Bank National Association.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company had outstanding surety bonds with a total face amount of $166,543 to secure various obligations and commitments. To secure the Company’s reclamation-related obligations, the Company has $35,253 of collateral in the form of restricted cash and restricted investments supporting these obligations as of March 31, 2023.

The Company meets frequently with its surety providers and has discussions with certain providers regarding the extent of and the terms of their participation in the program. These discussions may cause the Company to shift surety bonds between providers or to alter the terms of their participation in our program. To the extent that surety bonds become unavailable or the Company’s surety bond providers require additional collateral, the Company would seek to secure its obligations with letters of credit, cash deposits or other suitable forms of collateral. The Company’s failure to maintain, or inability to acquire, surety bonds or to provide a suitable alternative would have a material adverse effect on its liquidity. These failures could result from a variety of factors, including the lack of availability, higher cost or unfavorable market terms of new surety bonds, and the exercise by third-party surety bond issuers of their right to refuse to renew the surety.

Amounts included in restricted cash provide collateral to secure the following obligations:

Amounts included in restricted investments provide collateral to secure the following obligations:

(1) Classified as long-term trading securities as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Amounts included in deposits provide collateral to secure the following obligations:

(1) Included $6,602 and $84,748 related to the Company’s dividend payable as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Refer to Note 6 for additional information.

(2) Included within Other non-current assets on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

In July 2019, the U.S. Department of Labor (Division of Coal Mine Workers’ Compensation or “DCMWC”) began implementing a new authorization process for all self-insured coal mine operators. As requested by the DCMWC, the Company filed an application and supporting documentation for reauthorization to self-insure certain of its black lung obligations in October 2019. As a result of this application, the DCMWC notified the Company in a letter dated February 21, 2020 that the Company was reauthorized to self-insure certain of its black lung obligations for a period of one-year from February 21, 2020. The DCMWC reauthorization is contingent, however, upon the Company’s providing collateral of $65,700 to secure certain of its black lung obligations. This proposed collateral requirement is an increase from the approximate $2,600 in collateral that the Company currently provides to secure these self-insured black lung obligations. The reauthorization process provided the Company with the right to appeal the security determination in writing within 30 days of the date of the notification, which appeal period the DCMWC agreed to extend to May 22, 2020. The Company exercised this right of appeal in connection with the substantial increase in the amount of required collateral. In February 2021, the U.S. Department of Labor (“DOL”) withdrew its Federal Register notice seeking comments on its bulletin describing its new method of calculating collateral requirements. The Department removed the bulletin from its website in May 2021. On February 10, 2022, a telephone conference was held with DCMWC and DOL decision makers wherein the Company presented facts and arguments in support of its appeal. No ruling has been made on the appeal, but during the call the Company indicated that it would be willing to allocate an additional $10,000 in collateral. If the Company’s appeal is unsuccessful, the Company may be required to provide additional letters of credit to receive the self-insurance reauthorization from the DCMWC or alternatively insure these black lung obligations through a third-party provider that would likely also require the Company to provide additional collateral. In January 2023, the DOL proposed for public comment new regulations which, if adopted, would substantially increase the collateral required to secure self-insured federal black lung obligations. Under the proposed 120% minimum collateral requirement, the Company estimates it could be required to provide approximately $80,000 to $100,000 of collateral to secure certain of its black lung obligations. A significant increase in these collateral obligations would have a materially adverse effect on the Company’s liquidity.

The Company is party to legal proceedings from time to time. These proceedings, as well as governmental examinations, could involve various business units and a variety of claims including, but not limited to, contract disputes, personal injury claims, property damage claims (including those resulting from blasting, trucking and flooding), environmental and safety issues, securities-related matters and employment matters. While some legal matters may specify the damages claimed by the plaintiffs, many seek an unquantified amount of damages.

Even when the amount of damages claimed against the Company or its subsidiaries is stated, (i) the claimed amount may be exaggerated or unsupported; (ii) the claim may be based on a novel legal theory or involve a large number of parties; (iii) there may be uncertainty as to the likelihood of a class being certified or the ultimate size of the class; (iv) there may be uncertainty as to the outcome of pending appeals or motions; and/or (v) there may be significant factual issues to be resolved. As a result, if such legal matters arise in the future, the Company may be unable to estimate a range of possible loss for matters that have not yet progressed sufficiently through discovery and the development of important factual information and legal issues. The Company records accruals based on an estimate of the ultimate outcome of these matters, but these estimates can be difficult to determine and involve significant judgment.

The Company extracts, processes and markets met and thermal coal from deep and surface mines for sale to steel and coke producers, industrial customers, and electric utilities. The Company conducts mining operations only in the United States with mines in Central Appalachia (“CAPP”). The Company has one reportable segment: Met, which consists of five active mines and two preparation plants in Virginia, sixteen active mines and five preparation plants in West Virginia, as well as expenses associated with certain idled/closed mines.

In addition to the one reportable segment, the All Other category includes general corporate overhead and corporate assets and liabilities, the former CAPP - Thermal operations consisting of one active mine and one preparation plant in West Virginia, and the elimination of certain intercompany activity, as well as expenses associated with certain idled/closed mines. Certain immaterial amounts as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2022 in the Condensed Consolidated Financials Statements and notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financials Statements have been recast to reclassify discontinued operations and present the related amounts within continuing operations as part of the All Other category.

Reportable segment operating results are regularly reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (the “CODM”), who is the Chief Executive Officer of the Company.

Segment operating results and capital expenditures for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows: 

			Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
			Met						All Other						Consolidated
Total revenues			$	889,938					$	21,297					$	911,235
Depreciation, depletion, and amortization			$	28,879					$	544					$	29,423
Amortization of acquired intangibles, net			$	2,197					$	—					$	2,197
Adjusted EBITDA			$	362,008					$	(7,593)					$	354,415
Capital expenditures			$	71,614					$	2,634					$	74,248

 

The following tables present a reconciliation of net income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

No asset information has been disclosed as the CODM does not regularly review asset information by reportable segment.

The Company markets produced, processed and purchased coal to customers in the United States and in international markets. Revenue is tracked within the Company’s accounting records based on the product destination. The following tables present additional information on our revenues and top customers:

On May 3, 2023, the Board declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.50 per share which will be payable on July 5, 2023 for holders of record as of June 15, 2023. The quarterly cash dividend was increased from the previous quarterly cash dividend of $0.44 per share.

Refer to Note 6 for information regarding the Company’s dividend program.

Alpha. Alpha Metallurgical Resources, Inc. (the “Company”) (previously named Contura Energy, Inc.).

Ash. Impurities consisting of iron, alumina and other incombustible matter that are contained in coal. Since ash increases the weight of coal, it adds to the cost of handling and can affect the burning characteristics of coal.

Bituminous coal. Coal used primarily to generate electricity and to make coke for the steel industry with a heat value ranging between 10,500 and 15,500 BTU’s per pound.

British Thermal Unit or BTU. A measure of the thermal energy required to raise the temperature of one pound of pure liquid water one degree Fahrenheit at the temperature at which water has its greatest density (39 degrees Fahrenheit).

Central Appalachia or CAPP. Coal producing area in eastern Kentucky, Virginia, southern West Virginia and a portion of eastern Tennessee.

Coal reserves. The economically mineable part of a measured or indicated coal resource, which includes diluting materials and allowances for losses that may occur when coal is mined or extracted.

Coal resources. Coal deposits in such form, quality, and quantity that there are reasonable prospects for economic extraction.

Coal seam. Coal deposits occur in layers. Each layer is called a “seam.”

Coke. A hard, dry carbon substance produced by heating coal to a very high temperature in the absence of air. Coke is used in the manufacture of iron and steel. Its production results in a number of useful byproducts.

Cumberland Back-to-Back Coal Supply Agreement. Certain agreements with Iron Senergy under which Iron Senergy will sell to the Company all of the coal that the Company is obligated to sell to customers under Cumberland coal supply agreements (“Cumberland CSAs”) which existed as of the transaction closing date but did not transfer to Iron Senergy at closing (each, a “Cumberland Back-to-Back Coal Supply Agreement”). Each Cumberland Back-to-Back Coal Supply Agreement has economic terms identical to, but offsetting, the related Cumberland CSA. If a Cumberland customer subsequently consents to assign a Cumberland CSA to Iron Senergy after closing, the related Cumberland CSA will immediately and automatically transfer to Iron Senergy and the related Cumberland Back-to-Back Coal Supply Agreements executed by the parties shall thereupon terminate as set forth therein.

ESG. Environmental, social and governance sustainability criteria.

Indicated coal resource. That part of a coal resource for which quantity and quality are estimated on the basis of adequate geological evidence and sampling sufficient to establish geological and quality continuity with reasonable certainty.

In situ coal resources. Coal resources stated on an in-seam dry basis (excluding surface and inherent moisture) with no consideration for dilution or losses that may occur when coal is mined or extracted.

Measured coal resource. That part of a coal resource for which quantity and quality are estimated on the basis of conclusive geological evidence and sampling sufficient to test and confirm geological and quality continuity.

Merger. Merger with ANR, Inc. and Alpha Natural Resources Holdings, Inc. completed on November 9, 2018.

Metallurgical coal. The various grades of coal suitable for carbonization to make coke for steel manufacture. Also known as “met” coal, its quality is primarily differentiated based on volatility or its percent of volatile matter. Met coal typically has a particularly high BTU but low ash and sulfur content.

MSHA. The United States Mine Safety and Health Administration, which has responsibility for developing and enforcing safety and health rules for U.S. mines.

Operating Margin. Coal revenues less cost of coal sales.

Preparation plant. A preparation plant is a facility for crushing, sizing and washing coal to remove impurities and prepare it for use by a particular customer. The washing process has the added benefit of removing some of the coal’s sulfur content. A preparation plant is usually located on a mine site, although one plant may serve several mines.

Probable mineral reserve. The economically mineable part of an indicated and, in some cases, a measured coal resource.

Productivity. As used in this report, refers to clean metric tons of coal produced per underground man hour worked, as published by the MSHA.

Proven mineral reserve. The economically mineable part of a measured coal resource.

Reclamation. The process of restoring land and the environment to their original state following mining activities. The process commonly includes “recontouring” or reshaping the land to its approximate original appearance, restoring topsoil and planting native grass and ground covers. Reclamation operations are usually underway before the mining of a particular site is completed. Reclamation is closely regulated by both state and federal law.

Roof. The stratum of rock or other mineral above a coal seam; the overhead surface of a coal working place.

Sulfur. One of the elements present in varying quantities in coal that contributes to environmental degradation when coal is burned. Sulfur dioxide is produced as a gaseous by-product of coal combustion.

Surface mine. A mine in which the coal lies near the surface and can be extracted by removing the covering layer of soil.

Thermal coal. Coal used by power plants and industrial steam boilers to produce electricity, steam or both. It generally is lower in BTU heat content and higher in volatile matter than metallurgical coal.

Tons. A “short” or net ton is equal to 2,000 pounds. A “long” or British ton is equal to 2,240 pounds; a “metric” ton (or “tonne”) is approximately 2,205 pounds. Tonnage amounts in this report are stated in short tons, unless otherwise indicated.

Underground mine. Also known as a “deep” mine. Usually located several hundred feet below the earth’s surface, an underground mine’s coal is removed mechanically and transferred by shuttle car and conveyor to the surface.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Since the beginning of 2023, metallurgical coal markets have softened amid broader recessionary concerns, uneven recoveries in manufacturing demand, and, most recently, economic unease stemming from the regional banking failures in March. Persistent inflation and rising interest rate environments in many economies, including the United States, have hampered steel demand. As global geopolitical issues persist, the strength of China’s reopening after its years-long, strict zero-COVID policy is a factor that will influence demand. Additionally, the duration and potential outcome of Russia’s war in Ukraine could significantly impact Europe’s resiliency and growth prospects.

Despite these uncertainties, the World Steel Association’s (“WSA”) most recent Short Range Outlook projects a 2.3% rebound in steel demand this year, bringing expected global demand to 1.82 billion metric tons. The organization expects steel demand of 1.85 billion metric tons in 2024, a further increase of 1.7%, likely led by manufacturing and accelerating growth in most regions with the exception of China, where WSA expects deceleration due to population decline.

Metallurgical coal indices ended the first quarter roughly flat from where they began the 2023 calendar year, with additional softening occurring after the quarter end. In the case of all four indices Alpha closely monitors, pricing meaningfully increased in mid-February before declining to roughly the same level on March 31, 2023 as at the beginning of January. The Australian Premium Low Volatile index increased from $294.50 per metric ton on January 1, 2023 to $301.00 per ton at quarter close. The U.S. East Coast Low Volatile index increased from $280.00 per metric ton on January 1, 2023 to $287.00 per metric ton on March 31, 2023. The U.S. East Coast High Volatile A index moved from $276.00 per metric ton at the start of the first quarter to $285.00 per metric ton at the end of March. Over the course of the quarter, the U.S. East Coast High Volatile B index fell ten dollars, from $275.00 per metric ton at the beginning of January to $265.00 per metric ton at the end of March. Throughout April, all four indices have softened from their quarter-close levels. As of April 27, 2023, Australian Premium Low Volatile has decreased to $231.50 per metric ton and U.S. East Coast Low Volatile has dropped to $246.00 per metric ton. The U.S. East Coast High Volatile A and High Volatile B indices were $236.00 per ton and $220.00 per ton, respectively, on the same date.

Economic uncertainty across the globe continued to impact manufacturing production in the first quarter. The world Purchasing Managers’ Index (“PMI”) declined slightly to 49.6 in March 2023, from 49.9 in February, marking the seventh month in a row the metric remained below the 50.0 level in contractionary territory. PMI for Europe dropped to 47.3 in March from a February level of 48.5. Challenging operating conditions in Brazil brought down its PMI to 47.0 in March from 49.2 in the prior month. While neutral at 50.0, China’s March PMI represented a slowing of growth month-over-month, down from an eight-month high of 51.6 in February. Conversely, the United States PMI index rose for the third month in a row, moving up to 49.2 in March from a February level of 47.3. Lastly, India, a key market for Alpha, continued to show strength with reported increases in new business placed with Indian manufacturers and a March PMI of 56.4, up from 55.3 in February.

As compiled by the WSA, March 2023 global crude steel production of 165.1 million metric tons represented a 1.7% increase from March 2022, led by an increase in production in the Asia and Oceania region. Specifically, China, the world’s largest steel-producing country, produced 95.7 million metric tons in March 2023, 6.9% more than its year-ago March production level. At 11.4 million metric tons, India’s March production was 2.7% more than in March 2022. Other regions across the globe posted year-over-year declines in production, like the European Union, which produced 11.9 million metric tons in March 2023, a drop of 5.6% from March 2022. North America’s 9.3 million metric tons of production represented a 2.6% decline year-over-year, while South America produced 3.5 million metric tons, a decrease of 7.6% compared to the prior year period.

Both Japan and the United States posted single-digit percentage declines, 5.9% and 2.1%, respectively, from their March 2022 production levels.

The American Iron and Steel Institute’s capacity utilization rate for U.S. steel mills was 75.6% for the week ending April 22, 2023. This is down in comparison to the year-ago period of the week ended April 22, 2022, when the capacity utilization rate was 81.9%.

In the seaborne thermal market, the API2 index continued its several-month decline, moving from $188.05 per metric ton on January 3, 2023 to $138.00 per metric ton as of March 31, 2023.

We are a Tennessee-based mining company with operations across Virginia and West Virginia. With customers across the globe, high-quality reserves and significant port capacity, we are a leading supplier metallurgical coal products to the steel industry. We operate high-quality, cost-competitive coal mines across the CAPP coal basin. As of March 31, 2023, our operations consisted of twenty-two active mines and eight coal preparation and load-out facilities, with approximately 3,950 employees. We produce, process, and sell met coal and thermal coal. We also sell coal produced by others, some of which is processed and/or blended with coal produced from our mines prior to resale, with the remainder purchased for resale. As of December 31, 2022, we had 336.7 million tons of reserves, which included 322.7 million tons of proven and probable metallurgical reserves and 14.0 million tons of proven and probable thermal reserves. Additionally, we had approximately 527.3 million tons of in situ bituminous coal resources.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, sales of met coal were 3.5 million tons and 3.5 million tons, respectively, and accounted for approximately 90% and 88%, respectively, of our coal sales volume. Sales of thermal coal were 0.4 million tons and 0.5 million tons, respectively, and accounted for approximately 10% and 12%, respectively, of our coal sales volume.

Our sales of met coal were made primarily to steel companies in the northeastern and midwestern regions of the United States and in several countries in Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Our sales of thermal coal were made primarily to large utilities and industrial customers throughout the United States. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 approximately 75% and 84%, respectively, of our coal revenues were derived from coal sales made to customers outside the United States.

In addition, we generate other revenues from equipment sales, rentals, terminal and processing fees, coal and environmental analysis fees, royalties and the sale of natural gas. We also record freight and handling fulfillment revenue within coal revenues for freight and handling services provided in delivering coal to certain customers, which are a component of the contractual selling price.

As of March 31, 2023, we have one reportable segment: Met. Our Met segment operations consist of high-quality met coal mines, including Deep Mine 41, Road Fork 52, Black Eagle, and Lynn Branch. The coal produced by our Met segment operations is predominantly met coal with some amounts of thermal coal being produced as a byproduct of mining. In addition to the one reportable segment, our All Other category includes general corporate overhead and corporate assets and liabilities, our former CAPP - Thermal operations consisting of one active mine and one preparation plant in West Virginia, and the elimination of certain intercompany activity, as well as expenses associated with certain idled/closed mines. Refer to Note 16 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional disclosures on reportable segments, geographic areas, and export coal revenue information.

As discussed in the “Market Overview” presented above, continued recessionary pressure and weakening economic conditions alongside the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine and the intensifying European energy crisis have influenced metallurgical coal markets. As a result, our three months ended March 31, 2023 results of operations were impacted by the coal indices’ drop from their early-2022 historic highs. However, as further discussed in the “Results of Operations” presented below, our three months ended March 31, 2023 results of operations still remain strong from a historical average perspective.

In January 2023, our subsidiary Maxxim Rebuild Co., LLC (“Maxxim”) completed a series of transactions to acquire a number of coal trucks and related equipment and facilities to secure trucking services for our operations.

Sales Agreements. We manage our commodity price risk for coal sales through the use of coal supply agreements. As of April 27, 2023, we had sales commitments for 2023 as follows:

Realized Pricing. Our realized price per ton of coal is influenced by many factors that vary by region, including (i) coal quality, which includes energy (heat content), sulfur, ash, volatile matter and moisture content; (ii) differences in market conventions concerning transportation costs and volume measurement; and (iii) regional supply and demand.

Costs. Our results of operations are dependent upon our ability to maximize productivity and control costs. Our primary expenses are for operating supply costs, repair and maintenance expenditures, costs of purchased coal, royalties, wages and benefits, freight and handling costs and taxes incurred in selling our coal. The principal goods and services we use in our operations include maintenance and repair parts and services, electricity, fuel, roof control and support items, explosives, tires, conveyance structures, ventilation supplies and lubricants. Our management strives to aggressively control costs and improve operating performance to mitigate external cost pressures. We experience volatility in operating costs related to fuel, explosives, steel, tires, contract services and healthcare, among others, and take measures to mitigate the increases in these costs at all operations. We have a centralized sourcing group for major supplier contract negotiation and administration, for the negotiation and purchase of major capital goods, and to support the business units. We promote competition between suppliers and seek to develop relationships with suppliers that focus on lowering our costs. We seek suppliers who identify and concentrate on implementing continuous improvement opportunities within their area of expertise. To the extent upward pressure on costs exceeds our ability to realize sales increases, or if we experience unanticipated operating or transportation difficulties, our operating margins would be negatively impacted. We may also experience difficult geologic conditions, delays in obtaining permits, labor shortages, unforeseen equipment problems, and unexpected shortages of critical materials such as tires, fuel and explosives that may result in adverse cost increases and limit our ability to produce at forecasted levels.

Our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 are discussed in these “Results of Operations” presented below. Certain immaterial amounts for the three months ended March 31, 2022 have been recast to reclassify discontinued operations and present the related amounts within continuing operations as part of the All Other category.

The following table summarizes information about our revenues during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

Coal revenues. Coal revenues decreased $163.0 million, or 15.2%, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the prior year period. The decrease was primarily due to lower coal sales realizations within our Met segment as pricing moderated from the higher levels experienced during the prior year. The elevated coal sales pricing environment in the prior year period was driven by increased coal demand, resulting from improved economic activity, coupled with limited supply response. Refer to the “Non-GAAP Coal revenues” section below for further detail on coal revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the prior year period.

The following table summarizes information about our costs and expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

Cost of coal sales. Cost of coal sales decreased $16.2 million, or 2.9%, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the prior year period. The decrease was primarily driven by lower per ton freight and handling, royalty, and severance tax costs as a result of the lower coal pricing environment which more than offset the impact of higher labor and supply costs due to inflationary pressure.

Amortization of acquired intangibles, net. Amortization of acquired intangibles, net decreased $3.6 million, or 61.8%, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the prior year period. The decrease was primarily driven by accelerated prior period amortization of certain acquired mine permits as a result of an update to the estimated life of the associated mines.

Selling, general and administrative. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $5.6 million, or 37.2%, for the

three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the prior year period. This increase was primarily related to increases of $1.8 million in incentive pay, $1.7 million in stock compensation expense, $1.0 million in wages and benefits expense, and $0.6 million in professional fees.

Mark-to-market adjustment for acquisition-related obligations. The mark-to-market adjustment for acquisition-related obligations was $9.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. As the royalty period ended on December 31, 2022, there was no mark-to-market adjustment recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2023. Refer to Notes 9 and 11 for additional information on the Contingent Revenue Obligation.

The following table summarizes information about our other (expense) income during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

Interest expense. Interest expense decreased $11.4 million, or 86.9%, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the prior year period, primarily due to a decrease in debt outstanding.

The following table summarizes information about our income tax expense during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

Income taxes. Income tax expense of $42.4 million was recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2023 on income before income taxes of $313.2 million. The effective tax rate differs from the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the permanent impact of percentage depletion and foreign-derived intangible income deductions.

Income tax expense of $39.6 million was recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2022 on income before income taxes of $440.5 million. The effective tax rate differs from the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the decrease in the valuation allowance and the permanent impact of percentage depletion and foreign-derived intangible income deductions. Refer to Note 12 for additional information.

The discussion below contains “non-GAAP financial measures.” These are financial measures which either exclude or include amounts that are not excluded or included in the most directly comparable measures calculated and presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP” or “GAAP”). Specifically, we make use of the non-GAAP financial measures “Adjusted EBITDA,” “non-GAAP coal revenues,” “non-GAAP cost of coal sales,” “non-GAAP coal margin,” and “Adjusted cost of produced coal sold.” We use Adjusted EBITDA to measure the operating performance of our segments and allocate resources to the segments. Adjusted EBITDA does not purport to be an alternative to net income (loss) as a measure of operating performance or any other measure of operating results or liquidity presented in accordance with GAAP. We use non-GAAP coal revenues to present coal revenues generated, excluding freight and handling fulfillment revenues. Non-GAAP coal sales realization per ton for our operations is calculated as non-GAAP coal revenues divided by tons sold. We use non-GAAP cost of coal sales to adjust cost of coal sales to remove freight and handling costs, depreciation, depletion and amortization - production (excluding the depreciation, depletion and amortization related to selling, general and administrative functions), accretion on asset retirement obligations, amortization of acquired intangibles, net, and idled and closed mine costs. Non-GAAP cost of coal sales per ton for our operations is calculated as non-GAAP cost of coal sales divided by tons sold. Non-GAAP coal margin per ton for our coal operations is calculated as non-GAAP coal sales realization per ton for our coal operations less non-GAAP cost of coal sales per ton for our coal operations. We also use Adjusted cost of produced coal sold to distinguish the cost of captive produced coal from the effects of purchased coal. The presentation of these measures should not be considered in isolation, or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP.

Management uses non-GAAP financial measures to supplement GAAP results to provide a more complete understanding of the factors and trends affecting the business than GAAP results alone. The definition of these non-GAAP measures may be changed periodically by management to adjust for significant items important to an understanding of operating trends and to adjust for items that may not reflect the trend of future results by excluding transactions that are not indicative of our core operating performance. Furthermore, analogous measures are used by industry analysts to evaluate the Company’s operating performance. Because not all companies use identical calculations, the presentations of these measures may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies and can differ significantly from company to company depending on long-term strategic decisions regarding capital structure, the tax jurisdictions in which companies operate, and capital investments.

Included below are reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures to GAAP financial measures.

The following tables summarize certain financial information relating to our coal operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

(1) Depreciation, depletion and amortization - production excludes the depreciation, depletion and amortization related to selling, general and administrative functions.