Three Months Ended December 31,
(in millions, except per share data)						2024						2023
Net sales						$	3,495					$	3,660
Cost of sales						3,279						3,414
Gross profit						216						246
Selling, general and administrative expenses						125						147
Restructuring and impairment costs						23						11
Equity income						25						23
Earnings before interest and income taxes						93						111
Net financing charges						45						44
Other pension expense						1						2
Income before income taxes						47						65
Income tax expense						22						20
Net income						25						45
Income attributable to noncontrolling interests						25						25
Net income attributable to Adient						$	—					$	20
Diluted earnings per share						$	—					$	0.21
Shares outstanding at period end						83.9						91.2
Diluted weighted average shares						84.7						93.6

Adient manages its business on a geographic basis and operates in the following three reportable segments for financial reporting purposes: 1) Americas, which is inclusive of North America and South America; 2) Europe, the Middle East and Africa ("EMEA") and 3) Asia Pacific/China ("Asia").

Adient evaluates the performance of its reportable segments using an adjusted EBITDA metric defined as income before income taxes and noncontrolling interests, excluding net financing charges, restructuring and impairment costs, restructuring related-costs, net mark-to-market adjustments on pension and postretirement plans, transaction gains/losses, purchase accounting amortization, depreciation, stock-based compensation and other non-recurring items. Also, certain corporate-related costs are not allocated to the segments. The reportable segments are consistent with how management views the markets served by Adient and reflect the financial information that is reviewed by its chief operating decision maker.

Financial information relating to Adient's reportable segments is as follows:

The following is a reconciliation of Adient's reportable segments' adjusted EBITDA to income before income taxes:

The following table reconciles the numerators and denominators used to calculate basic and diluted earnings per share:

The effect of common stock equivalents which would have been anti-dilutive was excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Adjusted EBIT, adjusted EBIT margin, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA margin, adjusted net income attributable to Adient, adjusted effective tax rate, adjusted earnings per share, adjusted equity income, adjusted interest expense, free cash flow, net debt, and net leverage ratio as well as other measures presented on an adjusted basis are not recognized terms under U.S. GAAP and do not purport to be alternatives to the most comparable U.S. GAAP amounts. Since all companies do not use identical calculations, our definition and presentation of these measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Management uses the identified non-GAAP measures to evaluate the operating performance of Adient and its business segments and to forecast future periods. Management believes these non-GAAP measures assist investors and other interested parties in evaluating Adient's on-going operations and provide important supplemental information to management and investors regarding financial and business trends relating to Adient's financial condition and results of operations. Investors should not consider these non-GAAP measures as alternatives to the related GAAP measures. Reconciliations of non-GAAP measures to their closest U.S. GAAP equivalent are presented in the corresponding tables that follow the definitions below. Reconciliations of non-GAAP measures related to guidance for any future period have not been provided due to the unreasonable efforts it would take to provide such reconciliations.

Table

The following table reconciles net income to EBIT, adjusted EBIT and adjusted EBITDA:

The following table reconciles net income attributable to Adient to adjusted net income attributable to Adient:

The following table reconciles income before income taxes to adjusted income before income taxes, reconciles income tax expense (benefit) to adjusted income tax expense (benefit) and presents the related effective tax rate and adjusted effective tax rate:

The following table shows the calculation of diluted earnings per share on an adjusted basis:

The following table reconciles diluted earnings per share as reported to adjusted diluted earnings per share (see table (c) for corresponding dollar amounts):

The following table reconciles equity income to adjusted equity income:

The following table reconciles net financing charges to adjusted net financing charges:

The following table reconciles cash from operating activities to free cash flow:

The following table reconciles adjusted EBITDA to free cash flow:

The following table presents calculations of net debt and net leverage ratio:

(1) Corporate-related costs not allocated to the segments include executive office, communications, corporate development, legal and corporate finance.

(2) Reflects restructuring charges for costs that are probable and reasonably estimable and one-time asset impairments related

to restructuring activities. The three months ended December 31, 2024 includes an impairment of $10 million on its investment in Adient Aerospace.

(3) Reflects amortization of intangible assets including those related to partially owned affiliates recorded within equity income.

(4) Reflects restructuring-related charges for costs that are recorded as incurred or as earned and other non-recurring impacts that are directly attributable to restructuring activities, as follows:

(5) Gain (loss) on disposal transactions include:

(6) During the three months ended December 31, 2023, a $5 million adjustment was recorded to increase equity-based compensation expense related to a retired executive's equity awards which should have been recognized in prior periods.

(7) Other items include:

(8) Reflects the impact of adjustments, primarily purchase accounting amortization on noncontrolling interests.