Adient manages its business on a geographic basis and operates in the following three reportable segments for financial reporting purposes: 1) Americas, which is inclusive of North America and South America; 2) Europe, Middle East, and Africa ("EMEA") and 3) Asia Pacific/China ("Asia").

Adient evaluates the performance of its reportable segments using an adjusted EBITDA metric defined as income before income taxes and noncontrolling interests, excluding net financing charges, qualified restructuring and impairment costs, restructuring related-costs, net mark-to-market adjustments on pension and postretirement plans, transaction gains/losses, purchase accounting amortization, depreciation, stock-based compensation and other non-recurring items ("Adjusted EBITDA"). Also, certain corporate-related costs are not allocated to the segments. The reportable segments are consistent with how management views the markets served by Adient and reflect the financial information that is reviewed by its chief operating decision maker.

Financial information relating to Adient's reportable segments is as follows:

The following table reconciles the numerators and denominators used to calculate basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share:

Potentially dilutive securities whose effect would have been antidilutive are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share, which for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 is a result of being in a loss position.

Adjusted EBIT, Adjusted EBIT margin, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA margin, Adjusted net income attributable to Adient, Adjusted effective tax rate, Adjusted earnings per share, Adjusted equity income, Adjusted interest expense, Free cash flow and Net debt as well as other measures presented on an adjusted basis are not recognized terms under U.S. GAAP and do not purport to be alternatives to the most comparable U.S. GAAP amounts. Since all companies do not use identical calculations, our definition and presentation of these measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Management uses the identified non-GAAP measures to evaluate the operating performance of the Company and its business segments and to forecast future periods. Management believes these non-GAAP measures assist investors and other interested parties in evaluating Adient's on-going operations and provide important supplemental information to management and investors regarding financial and business trends relating to Adient's financial condition and results of operations. Investors should not consider these non-GAAP measures as alternatives to the related GAAP measures. Reconciliations of non-GAAP measures to their closest U.S. GAAP equivalent are presented below. Reconciliations of non-GAAP measures related to guidance for any future period have not been provided due to the unreasonable efforts it would take to provide such reconciliations.

The following table presents adjusted EBITDA excluding adjusted equity income:

The following table reconciles income (loss) before income taxes to adjusted income before income taxes and presents the related effective tax rate and adjusted effective tax rate:

The following table reconciles net income (loss) attributable to Adient to adjusted net income (loss) attributable to Adient:

The following table reconciles diluted earnings (loss) per share as reported to adjusted diluted earnings (loss) per share.

The following table presents calculations of net debt:

The following table reconciles cash from operating activities to free cash flow:

The following table reconciles adjusted EBITDA excluding adjusted equity income to free cash flow:

(1) Corporate-related costs not allocated to the segments include executive office, communications, corporate development, legal and corporate finance.

(2) Reflects qualified restructuring charges for costs that are directly attributable to restructuring activities and meet the definition of restructuring under ASC 420 along with one-time asset impairment charges, as follows:

(3) Reflects amortization of intangible assets including those related to partially owned affiliates recorded within equity income.

(4) Reflects non-qualified restructuring charges for costs that are directly attributable to restructuring activities, but do not meet the definition of restructuring under ASC 420 including restructuring costs at partially owned affiliates recorded within equity income.

(5) Other items include:

(6) The adjustments to cost of sales include:

(7) The adjustments to selling, general and administrative costs include:

(8) The adjustments to equity income include:

(9) The adjustments to net financing charges to calculate adjusted interest expense include:

(10) The adjustments to income tax provision (benefit) include:

(11) Reflects the impact of adjustments, primarily purchase accounting amortization on noncontrolling interests.