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(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(Address of principal executive offices, Zip Code)

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☑    No ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐    No ☑ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C.7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☑

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐    No ☑

As of June 30, 2023, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s Class A common stock held by non-affiliates (all persons other than executive officers or directors) was $2.3 billion, based on the closing price on that date as reported by the NASDAQ Stock Market LLC.

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Such proxy statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the registrant’s fiscal year end of December 31, 2023.

ITEM 1.BUSINESS

Red Rock Resorts, Inc. (“we,” “our,” “us,” “Red Rock” or the “Company”) is a holding company that owns an indirect equity interest in and manages Station Casinos LLC (“Station LLC”), through which we conduct all of our operations. Station LLC is a gaming, development and management company established in 1976 that develops and operates strategically-located casino and entertainment properties. Station LLC owns and operates seven major gaming and entertainment facilities, including Durango Casino & Resort (“Durango”), and ten smaller casinos (three of which are 50% owned). Durango opened in December of 2023 on approximately 50 acres of land at the intersection of Durango Drive and Interstate 215 in the southwest Las Vegas valley. The resort features approximately 533,000 square feet and includes 83,000 square feet of casino space, four full-service food and beverage outlets, a food hall, a state-of-the-art sports book and a resort-style pool.

We own all of the outstanding voting interests in Station LLC and have an indirect equity interest in Station LLC through our ownership of limited liability interests in Station Holdco LLC (“Station Holdco,” and such interests, “LLC Units”), which owns all of the economic interests in Station LLC. At December 31, 2023, we held 58% of the economic interests and 100% of the voting power in Station Holdco, subject to certain limited exceptions, and we are designated as the sole managing member of both Station Holdco and Station LLC. We control and operate all of the business and affairs of Station Holdco and Station LLC. Other than tax-related assets and liabilities, our only assets are our equity interest in Station Holdco, our voting interest in Station LLC and a note receivable from Station LLC. We have no operations outside of our management of Station Holdco and Station LLC.

Our Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “Consolidated Financial Statements”) reflect the consolidation of Station LLC and its consolidated subsidiaries and Station Holdco. The financial position and results of operations attributable to LLC Units we do not own are reported separately as noncontrolling interest.

Our casino properties are conveniently located throughout the Las Vegas valley and provide our customers a wide variety of entertainment and dining options. Over 90% of the Las Vegas population is located within five miles of one of our gaming facilities. We provide friendly service and exceptional value in a comfortable environment. We believe we surpass our competitors in offering casino patrons the newest and most popular slot and video games featuring the latest technology. We also believe the high-quality entertainment experience we provide our customers differentiates us from our competitors.

Most of our major properties are master-planned for expansion, enabling us to incrementally expand our facilities as demand dictates. We also control six highly desirable gaming-entitled development sites in Las Vegas.

Our principal source of revenue and operating income is gaming, and our non-gaming offerings include restaurants, hotels and other entertainment amenities. Approximately 80% to 85% of our casino revenue is generated from slot play. The majority of our revenue is cash-based and as a result, fluctuations in our revenues have a direct impact on our cash flows from operations. Because our business is capital intensive, we rely heavily on the ability of our properties to generate operating cash flow to repay debt financing and fund capital expenditures.

Our principal executive offices are located at 1505 South Pavilion Center Drive, Las Vegas, Nevada 89135. The telephone number for our executive offices is (702) 495-3000. We maintain a website at www.redrockresorts.com, the contents of which are expressly not incorporated by reference into this filing.

A significant portion of our business is dependent upon customers who live and/or work in the Las Vegas metropolitan area. As of December 2023, the unemployment rate in the Las Vegas metropolitan area was 5.3%, down from 5.4% in December 2022 and 6.0% in December 2021. Statewide, the unemployment rate for December 2023 was 5.4%, as compared to 5.2% in December 2022 and December 2021. The median price of an existing single-family home in Las Vegas was $449,900 at December 31, 2023 up 5.9% as compared to December 31, 2022, according to the Las Vegas Realtors®. In addition, Las Vegas remains one of the fastest growing metropolitan areas in the United States, posting a 2.1% growth rate in 2023. In light of uncertainty in the economic outlook stemming from inflationary pressures, higher interest rates and increased energy costs, we cannot predict whether the trends in unemployment, population growth and housing prices in the Las Vegas area will continue.

In 2022, we permanently closed our Texas Station, Fiesta Henderson, Fiesta Rancho and Wild Wild West properties. We sold our Fiesta Henderson parcel in December 2022 and our Texas Station and Fiesta Rancho parcels in November 2023.

Our properties have continued to experience favorable customer trends in 2023, including consistent visitation from our guests, including a younger demographic, and strong spend per visit. These positive trends, in combination with business optimization and cost reduction measures implemented since 2020, have continued to drive strong operating results for our company. However, we cannot predict whether these trends will continue, nor can we predict the extent to which the impacts of inflation, increased energy costs and higher interest rates on the United States and Las Vegas economies may affect our business in the future.

Our primary operating strategy emphasizes attracting and retaining customers, primarily Las Vegas residents and, to a lesser extent, out-of-town visitors. Our properties attract customers through:

•convenient locations with best-in-class assets;

•offering our customers the latest in slot and video poker technology;

•a variety of non-gaming amenities such as hotel resorts, restaurants, bars and entertainment options;

•focused marketing efforts targeting our extensive customer database;

•innovative, frequent promotional programs; and

•convention business.

The Las Vegas regional market is very competitive, and we compete with both large hotel casinos in Las Vegas and smaller gaming-only establishments throughout the Las Vegas valley.

Provide a high quality, value-oriented gaming and entertainment experience. We are committed to providing a high-value entertainment experience for our guests, as our significant level of repeat visitors demand exceptional service, variety and quality in their overall experience. We offer a broad array of gaming options, including the most popular slot and video poker products, and the latest technological innovations in slots, table games and sports wagering. We believe that providing a wide variety of entertainment options is also a significant factor in attracting guests. In particular, we feature multiple dining options at all of our major properties, which is a significant motivation for casino visits. We are dedicated to ensuring a high level of guest satisfaction and loyalty by providing attentive guest service in a convenient, friendly and casual atmosphere. As part of our commitment to providing a high-value entertainment experience and to stimulate visitation, we regularly refresh and enhance our gaming and non-gaming amenities.

Generate revenue growth through targeted marketing and promotional programs. Our advertising programs generate consistent brand awareness and promotional visibility. Our ability to advertise under a single brand across our portfolio also allows us to achieve material economies of scale. While we advertise through traditional media such as television, radio and newspaper to reach our core guests, we continue to expand our focus and spend on social, digital and mobile platforms to respond to the evolving trends in methods through which guests receive information.

We employ an innovative marketing strategy that utilizes our frequent promotional programs to attract and retain guests, while also establishing and maintaining a high level of brand recognition. Through our analytical approach to promotional development, we are also able to optimize reinvestment in those guests who deliver stronger results. Our proprietary customer relationship management systems are highly attuned to how guests interact with our properties and products. This information allows us to focus on targeting guests based on their preferences.

We have installed technology on all of our slot machines which permits us to provide “on device” marketing, bonusing and guest communication, including real-time customized promotions and incentives. We believe that this investment in technology has resulted in an increase in guest loyalty and enhanced the value of our loyalty program. As we continue to introduce new features and brand titles for customized promotional incentives, the technology should continue to help drive participation in our my|Rewards Boarding Pass loyalty program.

Maximize business profitability. During our over 47-year history, we have developed a culture that focuses on operational excellence and cost management. We believe that this focus has contributed to adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“Adjusted EBITDA”) margins that compare favorably to our public peers over the past several years. Our internally developed proprietary systems and analytical tools provide us with the ability to closely monitor revenues and operational expenses and provide real-time information to management.

Benchmarking across our properties also allows us to create and take advantage of best practices in all functional areas of our business. We believe our existing cost structure, which has low variable costs, can support significant incremental revenue growth while maximizing the flow-through of revenue to Adjusted EBITDA.

Utilize flexible capital structure to drive growth and equityholder returns. We maintain a flexible capital structure that we believe allows us to pursue a balance of new growth opportunities and a disciplined return of capital to our equityholders. We believe our scalable platform and extensive development and management expertise provide us the ability to build master-planned expansions, pursue acquisitions and/or seek new development opportunities in an effort to maximize equityholder returns.

Maintain strong employee relations. Station LLC began as a family-run business in 1976 and has maintained close-knit relationships among our management, and we endeavor to instill this same sense of loyalty among our employees. Toward this end, we take a hands-on approach through active and direct involvement with employees at all levels. We believe we have excellent employee relations. See “Human Capital” for more information on our employee relations. In addition, see Item 1A. Risk Factors—Business, Economic, Market and Operating Risks—Union organization activities could disrupt our business by discouraging patrons from visiting our properties, causing labor disputes or work stoppages, and, if successful, could significantly increase our labor costs.

Develop and operate Native American projects. We provide development and management services to Native American tribes using our expertise in developing and operating regional entertainment destinations. We have successfully developed and managed Native American casinos for over 20 years.

The following chart summarizes our organizational structure as of December 31, 2023. This chart is provided for illustrative purposes only and does not purport to represent all legal entities owned or controlled by us:

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(1) Shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock vote as a single class. Each outstanding share of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote; each outstanding share of Class B common stock that is held by a holder that, together with its affiliates, owned at least 30% of the outstanding LLC Units immediately following the consummation of the Company’s public offering in 2016 (the “IPO”) and, at the applicable record date, maintains direct or indirect beneficial ownership of at least 10% of the outstanding shares of Class A common stock (determined on an as-exchanged basis assuming that all of the LLC Units were exchanged for Class A common stock) is entitled to ten votes; and each other outstanding share of Class B common stock is entitled to one vote. The only holders of Class B common stock that satisfy the foregoing criteria are entities controlled by Frank J. Fertitta III, our Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, and Lorenzo J. Fertitta, our Vice Chairman of the Board and a Vice President. These entities are referred to herein as the “Fertitta Family Entities” or “Principal Equity Holders.” The exchange ratio for LLC Units and shares of Class B common stock for shares of Class A common stock is a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding immediately prior to the applicable exchange and the denominator of which shall be the number of LLC Units owned by Red Rock and its subsidiaries immediately prior to applicable exchange. The initial exchange ratio at the IPO date was one share of Class A common stock for each LLC Unit and share of Class B common stock. The exchange ratio is subject to adjustment in the event that the number of outstanding shares of Class A common stock does not equal the number of LLC Units held by Red Rock, including as a result of purchases of shares of Class A common stock by Red Rock with excess cash on hand that does not result in a reduction in the outstanding number of LLC Units held by Red Rock. At December 31, 2023, the exchange ratio was 0.934 shares of Class A common stock for each LLC Unit and share of Class B common stock.

(2)    “Continuing Owners” refers to the owners of LLC Units at December 31, 2023 who held such units prior to the Company’s IPO in May 2016.

Set forth below is selected information about our properties at December 31, 2023.

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(1)Includes slot and video poker machines.

(2)Generally includes blackjack (“21”), craps, roulette, pai gow and baccarat.

Red Rock opened in 2006 and is strategically located at the intersection of Interstate 215 and Charleston Boulevard in the Summerlin master-planned community in Las Vegas, Nevada. Red Rock is adjacent to Downtown Summerlin, a 1.6 million square-foot outdoor shopping, dining and entertainment center; City National Arena, which features two National Hockey League-sized ice sheets for use by both the Vegas Golden Knights team and the public; and Las Vegas Ballpark, the home of the Las Vegas Aviators professional Triple-A baseball team. Red Rock’s gaming amenities include slots, table games, and a race and sports book. Red Rock is a AAA Four Diamond resort featuring an elegant desert oasis theme with a contemporary design featuring luxury amenities. This resort offers six styles of suites, including one-of-a-kind custom villas and penthouse suites, in addition to standard guest rooms.

Additional non-gaming amenities include ten full-service restaurants, a 16-screen movie theater complex, approximately 94,000 square feet of meeting and convention space, a full-service spa and salon, a 72-lane bowling center, a Kid’s Quest child care facility and a gift shop. Red Rock also features numerous bars and lounges, new high limit slot and table games rooms and a variety of quick-serve restaurants.

Green Valley Ranch opened in 2001 and is strategically located at the intersection of Interstate 215 and Green Valley Parkway in Henderson, Nevada. Green Valley Ranch is approximately five minutes from Harry Reid International Airport and seven minutes from the Las Vegas Strip. Green Valley Ranch was designed to complement the Green Valley master-planned community. Green Valley Ranch gaming amenities include slots, table games, including a new high limit table games room that opened in November 2023, and a race and sports book. Green Valley Ranch is a Mediterranean-style AAA Four Diamond resort featuring standard guest rooms and suites, eight full-service restaurants, a 4,200-square-foot non-gaming arcade, a European Spa with outdoor pools, a 10-screen movie theater complex, a Kid’s Quest child care facility, a gift shop and approximately 65,000 square feet of meeting and convention space which includes the Grand Events Center and El Cielo Ballroom. Green Valley Ranch also offers an eight-acre outdoor complex featuring private poolside cabanas and a contemporary poolside bar and grill. Green Valley Ranch also features several bars and offers a variety of quick-serve restaurants.

Durango Casino & Resort opened in December of 2023 and is strategically located at the intersection of Durango Drive and Interstate 215 in the southwest Las Vegas valley. Durango is located within the fastest growing area in the Las Vegas Valley and has excellent visibility and access from Interstate 215. As a result of gaming and land use restrictions, there are no major casino sites, other than those owned by us, within approximately five miles of this site. The approximately 533,000 square foot resort features standard guest rooms and suites, approximately 83,000 square feet of casino space offering slots, table games, individual high limit slot and table games rooms and a state-of-the-art sports book. Non-gaming amenities include four full-service food and beverage outlets, a food hall, four bars, a resort-style pool and over 25,000 square feet of meeting and event space.

Palace Station opened in 1976 and is strategically located at the intersection of Sahara Avenue and Interstate 15, one of Las Vegas’ most heavily traveled areas. Palace Station is a short distance from Harry Reid International Airport and very close to major attractions on the Las Vegas Strip and in downtown Las Vegas. Palace Station’s gaming amenities include slots, table games and a race and sports book. Palace Station’s non-gaming amenities include a resort-style pool area, a nine-screen Regal Cinebarre luxury movieplex, four full-service restaurants, three bars, an approximately 20,000-square-foot meeting and convention center and a gift shop. In addition to its full-service restaurants, Palace Station also offers a variety of quick-serve restaurants.

Boulder Station opened in 1994 and is strategically located at the intersection of Boulder Highway and Interstate 515. Boulder Station is located approximately four miles east of the Las Vegas Strip and approximately four miles southeast of downtown Las Vegas. Boulder Station features a turn-of-the-20th-century railroad station theme. Gaming amenities include slots, table games and a race and sports book. Non-gaming amenities include four full-service restaurants, a 750-seat entertainment lounge, five bars, an 11-screen movie theater complex, a Kid’s Quest child care facility, a swimming pool, a non-gaming video arcade and a gift shop. Boulder Station also offers a variety of quick-serve restaurants.

Sunset Station opened in 1997 and is strategically located at the intersection of Interstate 515 and Sunset Road. Situated in a highly concentrated commercial corridor along Interstate 515, Sunset Station has prominent visibility from the freeway and the Sunset commercial corridor. Sunset Station is located approximately 4.5 miles east of Harry Reid International Airport and approximately 5.5 miles southeast of Boulder Station. Sunset Station features a Spanish/Mediterranean style theme. Gaming amenities include slots, table games and a race and sports book. Non-gaming amenities include four full-service restaurants, approximately 13,000 square feet of meeting space, a 500-seat entertainment lounge, a 5,000-seat outdoor amphitheater, six bars, a gift shop, a non-gaming video arcade, a 13-screen luxury seating movie theater complex, a 72-lane bowling center, a Kid’s Quest child care facility and a swimming pool. In addition, the center of the casino features a bar highlighted by over 8,000 square feet of stained glass. Sunset Station also offers a variety of quick-serve restaurants.

We purchased Santa Fe Station in 2000 and subsequently refurbished and expanded the facility. Santa Fe Station is strategically located at the intersection of U.S. Highway 95 and Rancho Drive. Santa Fe Station’s gaming amenities include slots, table games and a race and sports book. Non-gaming amenities include four full-service restaurants, a gift shop, a non-gaming video arcade, a swimming pool, a 500-seat entertainment lounge, four bars and grills, a 60-lane bowling center, a 16-screen luxury seating movie theater complex, a Kid’s Quest child care facility and over 14,000 square feet of meeting and banquet facilities. Santa Fe Station also features a bar which is a centerpiece of the casino. In addition, Santa Fe Station offers a variety of quick-serve restaurants.

We opened Wildfire Fremont in February 2023. Wildfire Fremont is located on Fremont Street approximately three miles northwest of Boulder Station. Wildfire Fremont has approximately 200 slot machines, a sports book, a full-service restaurant and a bar.

We purchased Wildfire Rancho in 2003. Wildfire Rancho is located on Rancho Drive, approximately five miles southeast of Santa Fe Station. Wildfire Rancho’s gaming amenities include slots and a sports book. Wildfire Rancho’s non-gaming amenities include a lounge, outdoor patio and quick-serve food offerings.

We purchased Wildfire Boulder and Wildfire Sunset in 2004. Both properties are located in Henderson, Nevada, and offer gaming amenities which include slots and sports wagering. In addition, both properties offer non-gaming amenities which include a quick-serve restaurant and a bar. Wildfire Boulder is located approximately eight miles southeast of Sunset Station. Wildfire Sunset is located next to Sunset Station.

We purchased Wildfire Lake Mead in 2006. Wildfire Lake Mead, which is located in Henderson, Nevada, features slots, a sports book, a bar and quick-serve food offerings.

We purchased Wildfire Valley View and Wildfire Anthem in 2013. Wildfire Valley View is located in Las Vegas and Wildfire Anthem is located in Henderson, Nevada. Gaming amenities offered by Wildfire Valley View and Wildfire Anthem include slots. Non-gaming amenities offered by Wildfire Valley View and Wildfire Anthem include a bar and quick-serve food offerings.

We own a 50% interest in three smaller properties in Henderson, Nevada including Barley’s, which features slots, a sports book and a restaurant, The Greens, which features slots, a restaurant and lounge, and Wildfire Lanes, which features slots, a sports book, a quick-serve restaurant, two bars and an 18-lane bowling center.

We own approximately 441 acres of developable land comprised of six strategically-located parcels in Las Vegas, Nevada, each of which is zoned for casino gaming and other commercial uses. Following is a description of our parcels of land held for development:

•Viva: We own approximately 96 acres of land located at the intersection of Tropicana Boulevard and Interstate 15, less than one-half mile from the Las Vegas Strip. This site has excellent visibility and access from Interstate 15, on which approximately 290,000 cars per day pass by the site. We own a number of commercial and industrial buildings on this site that we lease to third-party tenants.

•Flamingo/I-215: We own approximately 58 acres located between Flamingo Road and Interstate 215 in the master-planned community of Summerlin in Las Vegas. The site has excellent visibility and access from Interstate 215.

•Cactus Avenue: We own approximately 128 acres near the intersection of Cactus Avenue and Las Vegas Boulevard, approximately six miles south of the Las Vegas Strip.

•Via Inspirada/Bicentennial Parkway: We own approximately 44 acres located on Via Inspirada near Bicentennial Parkway in the Las Vegas valley, approximately six miles southwest of Green Valley Ranch. This site is the only casino gaming-entitled property in the master-planned community of Inspirada.

•Skye Canyon: We own approximately 48 acres in northwestern Las Vegas off of U.S. Highway 95 approximately seven miles northwest of Santa Fe Station.

•Losee Road/I-215: We own approximately 67 acres of land near the intersection of Interstate 215 and Losee Road in North Las Vegas.

We have entered into a Third Amended and Restated Management Agreement (the “Management Agreement”) and a Third Amended and Restated Development Agreement (the “Development Agreement”), each dated November 7, 2023, with the North Fork Rancheria of Mono Indians (the “Mono”), a federally recognized Native American tribe located near Fresno, California, under which we will assist the Mono in developing and operating a gaming and entertainment facility (the “North Fork Project”) to be located on a 305-acre site (the “North Fork Site”) located adjacent to U.S. Highway 99 north of the city of Madera in Madera County, California. The North Fork Site was taken into trust for the benefit of the Mono by the United States Department of the Interior in February 2013.

We expect to receive a development fee of 4% of the costs of construction (as defined in the Development Agreement) for our development services, which will be paid upon the commencement of gaming operations at the facility. The Management Agreement provides for a management fee of 30% of the facility’s net income. As currently contemplated, the North Fork Project is expected to include approximately 2,000 slot machines, approximately 40 table games and several restaurants. The Management Agreement and the Development Agreement have a term of seven years from the opening of the facility. See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about the North Fork Project.

The development of the North Fork Project is subject to ongoing legal challenges and financing. There can be no assurance that the North Fork Project will be successfully completed nor that future events and circumstances will not change our estimates of the timing, scope, and potential for successful completion or that any such changes will not be material. There can be no assurance that we will recover all of our investment in the North Fork Project even if it is successfully completed and opened for business. See Item 1A. Risk Factors— Business, Economic, Market and Operating Risks - We may not be successful in entering into additional management or development agreements for Native American gaming opportunities.

We use a variety of trade names, service marks, trademarks, patents and copyrights in our operations and believe that we have all the licenses necessary to conduct our continuing operations. We have registered several service marks, trademarks, patents and copyrights with the United States Patent and Trademark Office or otherwise acquired the licenses to use those which are material to conduct our business. We file copyright applications to protect our creative artworks, which are often featured in property branding, as well as our distinctive website content.

Our cash flows from operating activities are somewhat seasonal in nature. Our operating results are traditionally strongest in the fourth quarter and weakest in the third quarter.

Our casino properties face competition from all other casinos and hotels in the Las Vegas area, including to some degree, from each other. We compete with other nonrestricted casino/hotels, as well as restricted gaming locations, by focusing on repeat customers and attracting these customers through great service and innovative marketing programs. Our value-oriented, high-quality approach is designed to generate repeat business. Additionally, our casino properties are strategically located and designed to permit convenient access and ample free parking, which are critical factors in attracting local visitors and repeat patrons.

At December 31, 2023, there were approximately 40 major gaming properties located on or near the Las Vegas Strip, 16 located in the downtown area and several located in other areas of Las Vegas. We also face competition from 144 nonrestricted gaming locations in the Clark County area primarily targeted to the local and repeat visitor markets. In addition, our casino properties face competition from restricted gaming locations (sites with 15 or fewer slot machines) in the greater Las Vegas area.

At December 31, 2023, there were approximately 1,504 restricted gaming locations in Clark County with approximately 14,570 slot machines. Major additions, expansions or enhancements of existing properties or the construction of new properties by competitors could have a material adverse effect on our business.

The Nevada legislature enacted SB 208 in 1997. This legislation identified certain gaming enterprise districts wherein casino gaming development would be permitted throughout the Las Vegas valley and established more restrictive criteria for the establishment of new gaming enterprise districts. We believe the growth in gaming supply in the Las Vegas regional market has been, and will continue to be, limited by the provisions of SB 208.

To a lesser extent, we compete with gaming operations in other parts of the state of Nevada, such as Reno, Laughlin and Lake Tahoe, and other gaming markets throughout the United States and in other parts of the world, and with state sponsored lotteries, on- and off-track wagering on horse and other races, sports betting, card rooms, online gaming and other forms of legalized gambling. The gaming industry also includes land-based casinos, dockside casinos, riverboat casinos, racetracks with slots and casinos located on Native American land. There is intense competition among companies in the gaming industry, some of which have significantly greater resources than we do. In May 2018, the United States Supreme Court overturned a law prohibiting states from legalizing sports wagering which has resulted in a substantial expansion of sports betting outside the state of Nevada. Several states have legalized or are considering legalizing casino gaming in designated areas. Legalized casino and sports betting in various states and on Native American land could result in additional competition and could adversely affect our operations, particularly to the extent that such gaming is conducted in areas close to our operations.

We also face competition from internet poker and sports betting operators in Nevada. In addition, internet gaming has commenced in Nevada, New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Michigan and West Virginia, internet sports betting has commenced in a majority of states, and legislation permitting internet gaming and/or sports betting has been approved or proposed by a number of other states. Expansion of internet gaming in new or existing jurisdictions and on Native American land could result in additional competition for our Las Vegas operations and for the gaming facilities that we may manage for Native American tribes.

Native American gaming in California, as it currently exists, has had limited impact on our Las Vegas operations to date, although there are no assurances as to the future impact it may have. In total, 76 Native American tribes have Tribal-State Compacts with the State of California or procedures with the Secretary of the Interior to operate Class III gaming in California. At December 31, 2023, there were 66 Native American gaming facilities in operation in the State of California. These Native American tribes are allowed to operate slot machines, lottery games, and banked and percentage games (including “21”) on Native American lands. A banked game is one in which players compete against the licensed gaming establishment rather than against one another. A percentage game is one in which the house does not directly participate in the game, but collects a percentage of the amount of bets made, winnings collected, or the amount of money changing hands. It is not certain whether any additional expansion of Native American gaming in California will affect our Las Vegas operations given that visitors from California make up Nevada’s largest visitor market. Increased competition from Native American gaming in California may result in a decline in our revenues and may have a material adverse effect on our business.

In addition to gaming regulations, our business is subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations of the United States and Nevada. These laws and regulations include, but are not limited to, restrictions concerning employment and immigration status, currency transactions, zoning and building codes, protection of human health and safety and the environment, marketing and advertising, privacy and telemarketing. Because we deal with significant amounts of cash in our operations we are subject to various reporting and anti-money laundering regulations. Any violations of anti-money laundering laws or any of the other laws or regulations to which we are subject could result in regulatory actions, fines, or other penalties. Any material changes, new laws or regulations or material differences in interpretations by courts or governmental authorities or material regulatory actions, fines, penalties or other actions could adversely affect our business and operating results.

The ownership and operation of casino gaming facilities and the manufacture and distribution of gaming devices in Nevada are subject to the Nevada Gaming Control Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (collectively, the “Nevada Act”) and various local ordinances and regulations. Our gaming operations in Nevada are subject to the licensing and regulatory control of the Nevada Gaming Commission (the “Nevada Commission”), the Nevada State Gaming Control Board (the “Nevada Board”), the Las Vegas City Council, the Clark County Liquor and Gaming Licensing Board (the “CCLGLB”), the Henderson City Council and certain other local regulatory agencies.

The Nevada Commission, Nevada Board, Las Vegas City Council, CCLGLB, Henderson City Council, and certain other local regulatory agencies are collectively referred to as the “Nevada Gaming Authorities.”

The laws, regulations and supervisory procedures of the Nevada Gaming Authorities are based upon declarations of public policy which are concerned with, among other things: (i) the prevention of unsavory or unsuitable persons from having a direct or indirect involvement with gaming at any time or in any capacity; (ii) the establishment and maintenance of responsible accounting practices and procedures; (iii) the maintenance of effective controls over the financial practices of gaming licensees, including the establishment of minimum procedures for internal controls and the safeguarding of assets and revenues, providing reliable record keeping and requiring the filing of periodic reports with the Nevada Gaming Authorities; (iv) the prevention of cheating and fraudulent practices; and (v) providing a source of state and local revenues through taxation and licensing fees. Changes in such laws, regulations and procedures could have an adverse effect on our gaming operations.

Our indirect subsidiaries that conduct gaming operations in Nevada are required to be licensed by the Nevada Gaming Authorities. The gaming licenses require the periodic payment of fees and taxes and are not transferable. NP Boulder LLC, NP Durango LLC, NP Palace LLC, NP Red Rock LLC, NP Santa Fe LLC, NP Sunset LLC, Station GVR Acquisition, LLC, NP Gold Rush LLC, NP Magic Star LLC, NP Rancho LLC, SC SP 2 LLC, NP LML LLC, NP Centerline Holdings LLC and NP River Central LLC hold licenses to conduct nonrestricted gaming operations. SC SP 4 LLC holds a restricted gaming license. NP Opco Holdings LLC is registered as an intermediary company and is licensed as the sole member and manager of NP Opco LLC. NP Opco LLC is registered as an intermediary company and is licensed as the sole member and manager of NP Santa Fe LLC, NP Gold Rush LLC, NP Magic Star LLC, NP Rancho LLC, NP River Central LLC, NP Centerline Holdings LLC, Station GVR Acquisition, LLC and NP Durango LLC. NP Opco LLC is also found suitable as the sole member and manager of NP Green Valley LLC, SC SP Holdco LLC and NP LML LLC. SC SP Holdco LLC is registered as an intermediary company and is licensed as the sole member and manager of SC SP 2 LLC and SC SP 4 LLC. NP Green Valley LLC is registered as an intermediary company and is licensed as a 50% member and the sole manager of Greens Café, LLC, Town Center Amusements, Inc., a Limited Liability Company and Sunset GV, LLC, which are licensed to conduct nonrestricted gaming operations. A license to conduct “nonrestricted” gaming operations is a state gaming license to conduct an operation of (i) at least 16 slot machines, (ii) any number of slot machines together with any other game, gaming device, race book or sports pool at one establishment, (iii) a slot machine route, (iv) an inter-casino linked system, or (v) a mobile gaming system., A license to conduct “restricted” gaming operations is a state gaming license to operate not more than 15 slot machines and no other gaming device, race book or sports pool. We are required to periodically submit detailed financial and operating reports to the Nevada Commission and provide any other information that the Nevada Commission may require. Substantially all material loans, leases, sales of securities and similar financing transactions by us and our licensed or registered subsidiaries must be reported to or approved by the Nevada Commission and/or the Nevada Board.

We have been found suitable to indirectly own the equity interests in our licensed and registered subsidiaries (the “Gaming Subsidiaries”) and we are registered by the Nevada Commission as a publicly traded corporation for purposes of the Nevada Act (a “Registered Corporation”). On November 16, 2023, the Nevada Commission approved the Tenth Revised Order of Registration for the Company that, among other things, reaffirmed our registration as a publicly traded corporation for the purposes of the Nevada Act (“Tenth Revised Order”). As a Registered Corporation, we are required to periodically submit detailed financial and operating reports to the Nevada Board and provide any other information the Nevada Board may require. No person may become a more than 5% stockholder or holder of more than a 5% interest in, or receive any percentage of gaming revenue from the Gaming Subsidiaries without first obtaining licenses, approvals and/or applicable waivers from the Nevada Gaming Authorities.

The Nevada Gaming Authorities may investigate any individual who has a material relationship to, or material involvement with, a Registered Corporation or its licensed subsidiaries, in order to determine whether such individual is suitable or should be licensed as a business associate of a Registered Corporation or a gaming licensee. Officers, directors and certain key employees of our licensed subsidiaries must file applications and may be required to be licensed or found suitable by the Nevada Gaming Authorities. Our officers, directors and key employees who are actively and directly involved in gaming activities of our licensed subsidiaries may be required to be licensed or found suitable by the Nevada Gaming Authorities. The Nevada Gaming Authorities may deny an application for licensing for any cause that they deem reasonable. A finding of suitability is comparable to licensing, and both require submission of detailed personal and financial information followed by a thorough investigation. The applicant for licensing or a finding of suitability must pay all the costs of the investigation. Changes in licensed positions must be reported to the Nevada Gaming Authorities and, in addition to their authority to deny an application for a finding of suitability or licensure, the Nevada Gaming Authorities have jurisdiction to disapprove a change in corporate position.

If the Nevada Gaming Authorities were to find an officer, director or key employee unsuitable for licensing or unsuitable to continue to have a relationship with us or our licensed subsidiaries, the companies involved would have to sever all relationships with such person. In addition, the Nevada Commission may require our licensed subsidiaries to terminate the employment of any person who refuses to file the appropriate applications. Determinations of suitability or questions pertaining to licensing are not subject to judicial review in Nevada.

If it were determined that the Nevada Act was violated by a licensed subsidiary, the gaming licenses it holds could be limited, conditioned, suspended or revoked, subject to compliance with certain statutory and regulatory procedures. In addition, the Company, our licensed subsidiaries and the persons involved could be subject to substantial fines for each separate violation of the Nevada Act at the discretion of the Nevada Commission. Further, a supervisor could be appointed by the Nevada Commission to operate our properties, and under certain circumstances, earnings generated during the supervisor’s appointment (except for the reasonable rental value of the premises) could be forfeited to the State of Nevada. Limitation, conditioning or suspension of the gaming licenses of the licensed subsidiaries or the appointment of a supervisor could (and revocation of any such gaming license would) have a material adverse effect on our gaming operations.

Any beneficial owner of our equity securities, regardless of the number of shares owned, may be required to file an application, may be investigated, and may be required to obtain a finding of suitability if the Nevada Commission has reason to believe that such ownership would otherwise be inconsistent with the declared policies of the State of Nevada. If the beneficial owner of our equity securities who must be found suitable is a corporation, partnership, limited partnership, limited liability company or trust, it must submit detailed business and financial information, including a list of its beneficial owners, to the Nevada Board. The applicant must pay all costs of investigation incurred by the Nevada Gaming Authorities in conducting any such investigation.

The Nevada Act provides that persons who acquire beneficial ownership of more than 5% of the voting or non-voting securities of a Registered Corporation must report the acquisition to the Nevada Commission. The Nevada Act also requires that beneficial owners of more than 10% of the voting securities of a Registered Corporation must apply to the Nevada Commission for a finding of suitability within thirty days after the Chair of the Nevada Board mails the written notice requiring such filing. An “institutional investor,” as defined in the Nevada Commission’s regulations, which acquires beneficial ownership of more than 10%, but not more than 25%, of our voting securities may apply to the Nevada Commission for a waiver of such finding of suitability if such institutional investor holds the voting securities for investment purposes only. An institutional investor that has obtained a waiver may, in certain circumstances, hold up to 29% of our voting securities and maintain its waiver for a limited period of time. An institutional investor shall not be deemed to hold voting securities for investment purposes unless the voting securities were acquired and are held in the ordinary course of business as an institutional investor and not for the purpose of causing, directly or indirectly, the election of a majority of the members of our board of directors, any change in our corporate charter, bylaws, management policies or our operations, or any of our gaming affiliates, or any other action which the Nevada Commission finds to be inconsistent with holding our voting securities for investment purposes only. Activities which are not deemed to be inconsistent with holding voting securities for investment purposes only include: (i) voting on all matters voted on by stockholders; (ii) making financial and other inquiries of management of the type normally made by securities analysts for informational purposes and not to cause a change in our management, policies or operations; and (iii) such other activities as the Nevada Commission may determine to be consistent with such investment intent.

Any person who fails or refuses to apply for a finding of suitability or a license within thirty days after being ordered to do so by the Nevada Commission, or the Chair of the Nevada Board, may be found unsuitable. The same restrictions apply to a record owner if the record owner, after request, fails to identify the beneficial owner. Any equityholder who is found unsuitable and who holds, directly or indirectly, any beneficial ownership of the common equity of a Registered Corporation beyond such period of time as may be prescribed by the Nevada Commission may be guilty of a criminal offense. We will be subject to disciplinary action if, after we receive notice that a person is unsuitable to be an equityholder or to have any other relationship with us or our licensed or registered subsidiaries, we (i) pay that person any dividend or interest upon our securities, (ii) allow that person to exercise, directly or indirectly, any voting right conferred through securities held by that person, (iii) pay remuneration in any form to that person for services rendered or otherwise, or (iv) fail to pursue all lawful efforts to require such unsuitable person to relinquish his securities including, if necessary, the immediate purchase of said securities for the price specified by the relevant gaming authority or, if no such price is specified, the fair market value as determined by our board of directors. The purchase may be made in cash, notes that bear interest at the applicable federal rate or a combination of notes and cash. Additionally, the CCLGLB has the authority to approve all persons owning or controlling the stock of any corporation controlling a gaming licensee.

The Nevada Commission may, in its discretion, require the holder of any debt security of a Registered Corporation to file applications, be investigated and be found suitable to own the debt security of a Registered Corporation if the Nevada Commission has reason to believe that such ownership would otherwise be inconsistent with the declared policies of the State of Nevada. If the Nevada Commission determines that a person is unsuitable to own such security, then pursuant to the Nevada Act, the Registered Corporation can be sanctioned, including the loss of its approvals, if without the prior approval of the Nevada Commission, it: (i) pays to the unsuitable person any dividend, interest, or any distribution whatsoever; (ii) recognizes any voting right by such unsuitable person in connection with such securities; (iii) pays the unsuitable person remuneration in any form; or (iv) makes any payment to the unsuitable person by way of principal, redemption, conversion, exchange, liquidation or similar transaction.

We are required to maintain a current membership interest ledger in Nevada, which may be examined by the Nevada Gaming Authorities at any time. If any securities are held in trust by an agent or by a nominee, the record holder may be required to disclose the identity of the beneficial owner to the Nevada Gaming Authorities. Failure to make such disclosure may be grounds for finding the record holder unsuitable. We are also required to render maximum assistance in determining the identity of the beneficial owner.

We may not make a public offering of our securities without the prior approval of the Nevada Commission if the securities or proceeds therefrom are intended to be used to construct, acquire or finance gaming facilities in Nevada, or to retire or extend obligations incurred for such purposes. On September 22, 2022, the Nevada Commission granted us prior approval, subject to certain conditions, to make public offerings for a period of three years (the “Shelf Approval”). The Shelf Approval also applies to any affiliated company wholly owned by us which is a publicly traded corporation or would thereby become a publicly traded corporation pursuant to a public offering. The Shelf Approval may be rescinded for good cause without prior notice upon the issuance of an interlocutory stop order by the Chair of the Nevada Board. If the Shelf Approval is rescinded for any reason, it could adversely impact our capital structure and liquidity and limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and industry. The Shelf Approval does not constitute a finding, recommendation or approval by any of the Nevada Gaming Authorities as to the accuracy or adequacy of any offering memorandum or the investment merits of the securities offered thereby. Any representation to the contrary is unlawful.

Changes in control of the Company through merger, consolidation, stock or asset acquisitions (including stock issuances in connection with restructuring transactions), management or consulting agreements, or any act or conduct by a person whereby such person obtains control, may not occur without the prior approval of the Nevada Commission. Entities seeking to acquire control of a Registered Corporation must satisfy the Nevada Board and the Nevada Commission that they meet a variety of stringent standards prior to assuming control of such Registered Corporation. The Nevada Commission may also require controlling equityholders, officers, directors and other persons having a material relationship or involvement with the entity proposing to acquire control, to be investigated and licensed as part of the approval process relating to the transaction.

The Nevada legislature has declared that some corporate acquisitions opposed by management, repurchases of voting securities and corporate defense tactics affecting Nevada corporate gaming licensees, and Registered Corporations that are affiliated with those operations, may be injurious to stable and productive corporate gaming. The Nevada Commission has established a regulatory scheme to ameliorate the potentially adverse effects of these business practices upon Nevada’s gaming industry and to further Nevada’s policy to: (i) assure the financial stability of corporate gaming licensees and their affiliates; (ii) preserve the beneficial aspects of conducting business in the corporate form; and (iii) promote a neutral environment for the orderly governance of corporate affairs. Approvals are, in certain circumstances, required from the Nevada Commission before a Registered Corporation can make exceptional repurchases of voting securities above the current market price thereof and before a corporate acquisition opposed by management can be consummated. The Nevada Act also requires prior approval of a plan of re-capitalization proposed by the Registered Corporation’s board of directors or similar governing entity in response to a tender offer made directly to the Registered Corporation’s equityholders for the purpose of acquiring control of the Registered Corporation.

License fees and taxes, computed in various ways depending on the type of gaming or activity involved, are payable to the State of Nevada and to the counties and cities in which the Nevada licensee’s respective operations are conducted. Depending upon the particular fee or tax involved, these fees and taxes are payable either monthly, quarterly or annually and are based upon either: (i) a percentage of the gross revenues received; (ii) the number of gaming devices operated; or (iii) the number of table games operated. A live entertainment tax is also paid by casino operations where admission charges are imposed for entry into certain entertainment venues. Nevada licensees that hold a license as an operator of a slot route or manufacturer’s or distributor’s license also pay certain fees and taxes to the State of Nevada.

Any person who is licensed, required to be licensed, registered, required to be registered, or is under common control with such persons, and who proposes to become involved in a gaming venture outside of Nevada, is required to deposit with the Nevada Board, and thereafter maintain, a revolving fund in the amount of $10,000 to pay the expenses of investigation by the Nevada Board of their participation in such foreign gaming. The revolving fund is subject to increase or decrease at the discretion of the Nevada Commission. The Tenth Revised Order requires us to deposit with the Nevada Board and maintain a revolving fund of $50,000 for all purposes, including foreign gaming and compliance with the Tenth Revised Order. Thereafter, licensees are required to comply with certain reporting requirements imposed by the Nevada Act. Licensees are also subject to disciplinary action by the Nevada Commission if they knowingly violate any laws of the foreign jurisdiction pertaining to the foreign gaming operation, fail to conduct the foreign gaming operation in accordance with the standards of honesty and integrity required of Nevada gaming operations, engage in activities or enter into associations that are harmful to the State of Nevada or its ability to collect gaming taxes and fees, or employ, contract with or associate with a person in the foreign operation who has been denied a license or finding of suitability in Nevada on the grounds of unsuitability or whom a court in the state of Nevada has found guilty of cheating. The loss or restriction of our gaming licenses in Nevada would have a material adverse effect on our business and could require us to cease gaming operations in Nevada.

There are various local ordinances and regulations as well as state laws applicable to the sale of alcoholic beverages in Nevada. Palace Station, Wildfire Rancho, Wildfire Valley View, Santa Fe Station and Wildfire Fremont are subject to liquor licensing control and regulation by the Las Vegas City Council. Red Rock, Boulder Station and Durango are subject to liquor licensing control and regulation by the CCLGLB. Sunset Station, Green Valley Ranch, Barley’s, Wildfire Sunset, Wildfire Boulder, The Greens, Wildfire Anthem, Wildfire Lanes and Wildfire Lake Mead are subject to liquor licensing control and regulation by the Henderson City Council. All liquor licenses are revocable and are, in some jurisdictions, not transferable. The agencies involved have full power to limit, condition, suspend or revoke any such license, and any such disciplinary action could (and revocation would) have a material adverse effect on the operations of our licensed subsidiaries.

The terms and conditions of management contracts and the operation of casinos and all gaming on land held in trust for Native American tribes in the United States are subject to the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act of 1988 (the “IGRA”), which is administered by the NIGC and the gaming regulatory agencies of state and tribal governments. The IGRA is subject to interpretation by the NIGC and may be subject to judicial and legislative clarification or amendment.

The IGRA established three separate classes of tribal gaming: Class I, Class II and Class III. Class I gaming includes all traditional or social games solely for prizes of minimal value played by a Native American tribe in connection with celebrations or ceremonies. Class II gaming includes games such as bingo, pull-tabs, punchboards, instant bingo (and electronic or computer-aided versions of such games) and non-banked card games (those that are not played against the house), such as poker. Class III gaming is casino-style gaming and includes banked table games such as blackjack, craps and roulette, and gaming machines such as slots, video poker, lotteries and pari-mutuel wagering, a system of betting under which wagers are placed in a pool, management receives a fee from the pool, and the remainder of the pool is split among the winning wagers.

The IGRA requires NIGC approval of management contracts for Class II and Class III gaming, as well as the review of all agreements collateral to the management contracts. The NIGC will not approve a management contract if a director or a 10% shareholder of the management company: (i) is an elected member of the governing body of the Native American tribe which is the party to the management contract; (ii) has been or subsequently is convicted of a felony or gaming offense; (iii) has knowingly and willfully provided materially important false information to the NIGC or the tribe; (iv) has refused to respond to questions from the NIGC; or (v) is a person whose prior history, reputation and associations pose a threat to the public interest or to effective gaming regulation and control, or create or enhance the chance of unsuitable activities in gaming or the business and financial arrangements incidental thereto. In addition, the NIGC will not approve a management contract if the management company or any of its agents have attempted to unduly influence any decision or process of tribal government relating to gaming, or if the management company has materially breached the terms of the management contract or the tribe’s gaming ordinance or resolution, or a trustee, exercising the skill and due diligence that a trustee is commonly held to, would not approve the management contract. A management contract can be approved only after the NIGC determines that the contract provides for, among other things: (i) adequate accounting procedures and verifiable financial reports, which must be furnished to the tribe; (ii) tribal access to the daily operations of the gaming enterprise, including the right to verify daily gross revenues and income; (iii) minimum guaranteed payments to the tribe, which must have priority over the retirement of development and construction costs; (iv) a ceiling on the repayment of such development and construction costs; and (v) a contract term not exceeding five years and a management fee not exceeding 30% of net revenues (as determined by the NIGC); provided that the NIGC may approve up to a seven-year term and a management fee not to exceed 40% of net revenues if the NIGC is satisfied that the capital investment required, and the income projections for the particular gaming activity require the larger fee and longer term.

There is no periodic or ongoing review of approved contracts by the NIGC. Other than an action by the parties, the only post-approval action that could result in possible modification or cancellation of a contract would be as the result of an enforcement action taken by the NIGC based on a violation of the law or an issue affecting suitability.

The IGRA prohibits all forms of Class III gaming unless the tribe has entered into a written agreement with the state that specifically authorizes the types of Class III gaming the tribe may offer (a “tribal-state compact”) or the Secretary of the Interior has issued procedures pursuant to which the tribe may conduct Class III gaming. These tribal-state compacts provide, among other things, the manner and extent to which each state will conduct background investigations and certify the suitability of the manager, its officers, directors, and key employees to conduct gaming on Native American lands.

Title 25, Section 81 of the United States Code states that “no agreement or contract with an Indian tribe that encumbers Indian lands for a period of 7 or more years shall be valid unless that agreement or contact bears the approval of the Secretary of the Interior or a designee of the Secretary.” An agreement or contract for services relative to Native American lands which fails to conform with the requirements of Section 81 is void and unenforceable. All money or other things of value paid to any person by any Native American or tribe for or on his or their behalf, on account of such services, in excess of any amount approved by the Secretary or his or her authorized representative will be subject to forfeiture. We intend to comply with Section 81 with respect to any other contract with an Indian tribe in the United States.

Native American tribes are sovereign nations with their own governmental systems, which have primary regulatory authority over gaming on land within the tribes’ jurisdiction. Therefore, persons engaged in gaming activities on tribal lands, including the Company, are subject to the provisions of tribal ordinances and regulations. Tribal gaming ordinances are subject to review by the NIGC under certain standards established by the IGRA. The NIGC may determine that some or all of the ordinances require amendment, and those additional requirements, including additional licensing requirements, may be imposed on us.

Several bills have been introduced in Congress that would amend the IGRA. Any amendment of the IGRA could change the governmental structure and requirements within which tribes could conduct gaming and may have an adverse effect on our results of operations or impose additional regulatory or operational burdens. In addition, any amendment to or expiration of a tribal-state compact may have an adverse effect on our results of operations or impose additional regulatory or operational burdens.

If we become involved in gaming operations in any other jurisdictions, such gaming operations will subject us and certain of our officers, directors, key employees, equityholders and other affiliates (“Regulated Persons”) to strict legal and regulatory requirements, including mandatory licensing and approval requirements, suitability requirements, and ongoing regulatory oversight with respect to such gaming operations. Such legal and regulatory requirements and oversight will be administered and exercised by the relevant regulatory agency or agencies in each jurisdiction (the “Regulatory Authorities”). We and the Regulated Persons will need to satisfy the licensing, approval and suitability requirements of each jurisdiction in which we seek to become involved in gaming operations. These requirements vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, but generally concern the responsibility, financial stability and character of the owners and managers of gaming operations as well as persons financially interested or involved in gaming operations. In general, the procedures for gaming licensing, approvals and findings of suitability require the Company and each Regulated Person to submit detailed personal history information and financial information to demonstrate that the proposed gaming operation has adequate financial resources generated from suitable sources and adequate procedures to comply with the operating controls and requirements imposed by law and regulation in each jurisdiction, followed by a thorough investigation by such Regulatory Authorities. In general, the Company and each Regulated Person must pay the costs of such investigation. An application for any gaming license, approval or finding of suitability may be denied for any cause that the Regulatory Authorities deem reasonable. Once obtained, licenses and approvals may be subject to periodic renewal and generally are not transferable. The Regulatory Authorities may at any time revoke, suspend, condition, limit or restrict a license, approval or finding of suitability for any cause that they deem reasonable. Fines for violations may be levied against the holder of a license or approval and in certain jurisdictions, gaming operation revenues can be forfeited to the state under certain circumstances. There can be no assurance that we will obtain all of the necessary licenses, approvals and findings of suitability or that our officers, directors, key employees, other affiliates and certain other stockholders will satisfy the suitability requirements in one or more jurisdictions, or that such licenses, approvals and findings of suitability, if obtained, will not be revoked, limited, suspended or not renewed in the future. We may be required to submit detailed financial and operating reports to Regulatory Authorities.

Failure by us to obtain, or the loss or suspension of, any necessary licenses, approval or findings of suitability would prevent us from conducting gaming operations in such jurisdiction and possibly in other jurisdictions, which may have an adverse effect on our results of operations.

Our services are subject to federal anti-money laundering laws, including the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970 (the “Bank Secrecy Act”). On an ongoing basis, these laws require us, among other things, to: (i) maintain an anti-money laundering program; (ii) designate and maintain individuals to assure compliance; (iii) train relevant personnel; (iv) identify and report large cash transactions and suspicious activity; (v) screen individuals and entities against sanctions and watch lists; and (vi) independently test for compliance.

Anti-money laundering regulations and regulator expectations thereof are constantly evolving. We implement policies and procedures to reasonably assure compliance with anti-money laundering regulations and continuously monitor our compliance with these regulations. We cannot predict how these future regulations and expectations thereof might affect us. Complying with future regulations could be expensive or require us to change the way we operate our business.

Compliance with federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment to date has not had a material effect upon our capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position and we do not anticipate any material adverse effects in the future based on the nature of our current or future operations.

The Company and Station LLC have a longstanding commitment to social responsibility, and we pride ourselves on our established track record of outstanding corporate citizenship. We believe that our programs and our team members’ participation in our programs and the community causes they support have had a significant positive impact on the communities in which we operate. Our decades-long commitment to acting as a responsible corporate citizen has been reflected in recent years through: Station Casinos’ donation of $1 million to the COVID-19 Emergency Response Fund to purchase personal protective equipment and critical medical supplies, including test kits, for use by first responders and healthcare professionals throughout Nevada; our pandemic-related food donations through Three Square Food Bank; our donations to the Public Education Fund to support distance learning initiatives; our longstanding support of the “Smart Start” school program supporting in-need schools in Clark County; and our support of Three Square Food Bank’s “Backpack for Kids” program supporting children experiencing food insecurity; and by our support and encouragement of our team members as they collectively completed thousands of volunteer hours, including paid volunteer hours, through these and other initiatives. Throughout the pandemic and continuing to the present, we have maintained partnerships with emergency services, local municipalities and charitable organizations through which we have made available our properties for emergency training and preparedness, as well as for COVID-19 testing sites and food distribution centers.

At the Company, we consider environmental stewardship to be part of our social responsibility. In the last several years, we have sought and obtained Green Globes certification through the Green Building Initiative for all of our seven operating resort properties and our corporate building, all of which have obtained at least three globes and several of which have obtained four. In addition, we are considering the addition of rooftop solar arrays at our seven operating resort properties. We have also taken an early and leading role in seeking to add charging stations for electric vehicles at our properties and we have charging stations available at each of our resort properties. Notably, we designed our Durango project with sustainability goals in mind, including incorporation of Green Globes certification into the construction process. In addition, the Durango project features bike access with dedicated bike lanes and utilizes water conservation design features. In addition, we have installed water saving fixtures at each of our resort properties and we have removed natural grass features at all of our resort properties to reduce water consumption, well in advance of any mandate to do so.

Since its inception over 47 years ago, Station LLC has been steadfast in its commitment to promoting responsible gaming practices. As a provider of entertainment that can become problematic for some individuals, we do our best to provide information on the available support, treatment, and assistance programs. We are a charter member of the National Center for Responsible Gaming and we have contributed over $150,000 to the organization. We have been a member of the Nevada Council on Problem Gambling since 1996 and have contributed more than $55,000 to the organization. Our benefits programs include insurance coverage for the treatment of problem gambling for our team members who may recognize a gambling problem due to their proximity to the product. In our properties, in compliance with regulation, we post written materials concerning the nature and symptoms of problem gambling and the toll-free 1-800 problem gambling helpline on or near all gaming and cage areas and ATMs.

Finally, our team members actively participate in events annually during Responsible Gaming Education Week. These activities are designed to promote awareness among our team members and guests of the need to gamble responsibly and of the treatment options available for problem gamblers.

At January 31, 2024, we had approximately 9,385 employees, all of whom were employed in the United States. We have a talented and diverse workforce and believe we have excellent employee relations. We have always understood that our most important asset is our team members. We continue to roll out our “Focus on Family” program to all of our team members to recognize the contribution that every team member has made to the Company.

Our team members have also benefited from the following:

•We offer free medical and health benefits to all of our team members making less than $100,000 per year;

•We have three on-site medical centers offering free office visits, free generic prescriptions and free lab services for insured team members and their families;

•We have one full service dental center for team members and their families;

•We offer six weeks of paid parental leave (for each employed parent);

•We have instituted a paid volunteer day for team members;

•We initiated a Surviving Family Support program that pays surviving family members six months of medical and dental insurance;

•We pay full tuition of team members who want to become full-time dealers in our industry;

•We offer competitive pay, which has and will continue to positively impact the vast majority of our team members;

•We have an innovative 401(k) retirement program, which we believe is far superior to a traditional pension, pursuant to which we contributed over $26.3 million in the past three years, including $8.8 million in 2023;

•We have hired a specialist in citizenship and immigration services to assist our team members;

•We have hired a health and wellness coordinator; and

•We have begun implementing extensive programs focusing on leadership and development.

These initiatives, together with other positive changes we have made, were designed to enhance the long-term health, well-being and financial security of our team members and their families as well as give us the ability to recruit and retain the best team members and make us the employer of choice in the Las Vegas valley. Our efforts were recognized for the third year in a row by our team members, who voted us the top casino employer in the Las Vegas valley.

We are required to file annual, quarterly and other current reports and information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Because we submit filings to the SEC electronically, access to this information is available at the SEC’s website (www.sec.gov). This site contains reports and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.

We also make available, free of charge, at our principal internet address (www.redrockresorts.com) our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and, if applicable, amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. Other information on our website is expressly not incorporated by reference into this filing.

We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “Code of Ethics”) that applies to all of our directors, officers (including our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer) and employees. The Code of Ethics and any waivers or amendments to the Code of Ethics are available on the Investor Relations section of our website at www.redrockresorts.com. Printed copies are also available to any person without charge, upon request directed to our Corporate Secretary, 1505 South Pavilion Center Drive, Las Vegas, Nevada 89135.

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements. Such statements contain words such as “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “project,” “may,” “will,” “might,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “seek,” “pursue,” and “anticipate” or the negative or other variation of these or similar words, or may include discussions of strategy or risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K include, among other things, statements concerning:

•projections of future results of operations or financial condition;

•expectations regarding our business and results of operations of our existing casino properties and prospects for future development;

•expenses and our ability to operate efficiently;

•expectations regarding trends that will affect our market and the gaming industry generally and the impact of those trends on our business and results of operations;

•our ability to comply with the covenants in the agreements governing our outstanding indebtedness;

•our ability to meet our projected debt service obligations, operating expenses, and maintenance capital expenditures;

•expectations regarding the availability of capital resources, including our ability to refinance our outstanding indebtedness;

•our intention to pursue development opportunities and acquisitions and obtain financing for such development and acquisitions; and

•the impact of regulation on our business and our ability to receive and maintain necessary approvals for our existing properties and future projects.

Any forward-looking statement is based upon a number of estimates and assumptions that, while considered reasonable by us, is inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control, and are subject to change. Actual results of operations may vary materially from any forward-looking statement made herein. Forward-looking statements should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that the forward-looking statements will be achieved. Undue reliance should not be placed on any forward-looking statements. Some of the contingencies and uncertainties to which any forward-looking statement contained herein is subject include, but are not limited to, the following:

•our reliance on the Las Vegas regional market;

•the impact of business conditions, including competitive practices, changes in customer demand and the cyclical nature of the gaming and hospitality business generally, on our business and results of operations;

•the impact of general economic conditions outside our control, including changes in interest rates, consumer confidence and unemployment levels, on our business and results of operations;

•the effects of intense competition that exists in the gaming industry;

•additional competition arising as a result of the approval of new gaming licenses or gaming activities such as internet gaming, and the continued expansion of sports betting outside the state of Nevada;

•our substantial outstanding indebtedness and the effect of our significant debt service requirements on our operations and ability to compete;

•the risk that we will not be able to finance our development and investment projects or refinance our outstanding indebtedness;

•the impact of extensive regulation from gaming and other government authorities on our ability to operate our business and the risk that regulatory authorities may revoke, suspend, condition or limit our gaming or other licenses, impose substantial fines or take other actions that adversely affect us;

•risks associated with changes to applicable gaming and tax laws that could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition;

•adverse outcomes of legal proceedings and the development of, and changes in, claims or litigation reserves;

•risks associated with development, construction and management of new projects or the expansion of existing facilities, including cost overruns, construction delays, environmental risks and legal or political challenges; and

•risks associated with integrating operations of any acquired companies and developed properties.

For additional contingencies and uncertainties, see Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Given these risks and uncertainties, we can give no assurances that results contemplated by any forward-looking statements will in fact occur and therefore caution investors not to place undue reliance on them. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events discussed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K might not occur.

Some of the market and industry data contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are based on independent industry publications or other publicly available information. Although we believe that these independent sources are reliable, we have not independently verified and cannot assure you as to the accuracy or completeness of this information. As a result, you should be aware that the market and industry data contained herein, and our beliefs and estimates based on such data, may not be reliable.

ITEM 1A.RISK FACTORS

All of our casino properties are dependent upon attracting Las Vegas residents as well as out of town visitors. As a result of our concentration in the Las Vegas regional market, we have a greater degree of exposure to a number of risks than we would have if we had operations outside of the Las Vegas valley. These risks include the following:

•local economic and competitive conditions;

•changes in local and state governmental laws and regulations, including gaming laws and regulations and public health related orders and directives;

•natural and other disasters;

•increased gasoline prices, which may discourage travelers from visiting our properties; and

•a decline in the local population.

Our strategy of growth through master-planning of certain of our major casinos for future expansion was developed, in part, based on projected population growth in Las Vegas. Las Vegas and its surrounding areas have been growing over the past few decades, including certain periods of significant growth, but no assurance can be given that the regional population will continue to grow at its historic pace or at all. Even if this trend continues, there can be no assurance that such population growth will justify future development, additional casinos or expansion of any of our existing casinos, which can affect our results of operations and financial condition and limits our ability to expand our business.

Consumer demand for the offerings of casino hotel properties such as ours is sensitive to factors impacting consumer confidence, including downturns in the economy and other factors that impact discretionary spending on leisure activities. Changes in discretionary consumer spending, consumer preferences or consumer purchase power brought about by factors such as perceived or actual general economic conditions and customer confidence in the economy, unemployment, inflation, uncertainty and distress in the housing and credit markets, the impact of high energy, fuel, food and healthcare costs, perceived or actual changes in disposable consumer income and wealth, taxes, and effects or fears of war, civil unrest, terrorism, violence, widespread illnesses or epidemics could further reduce customer demand for our offerings and materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations. Notably, after years of a low interest rate environment, central banks across the globe significantly (and swiftly) increased interest rates to stem inflation. Though the global inflation rate began to stabilize, and in some cases decline, in 2023, core inflation has proved persistent. Thus, there is no telling if interest rates will stabilize, continue to increase or decrease. Widespread increases in costs of goods and services due to inflation and supply chain challenges and rising interest rates have negatively impacted, and may negatively impact, the discretionary spending of our customers in the future and, in turn, our results of operations. We cannot be certain of the extent or duration of any resulting negative impacts on our business.

Our casinos draw a substantial number of customers from the Las Vegas metropolitan area, as well as nearby geographic areas, including Southern California, Arizona and Utah. While our business is affected by the general economic conditions in the United States, our business and results of operations would be particularly negatively impacted if our target markets experience an economic downturn or other adverse conditions, including declines in housing prices and/or an increase in unemployment rates.

Our casino properties face competition for customers and employees from all other casinos and hotels in the Las Vegas metropolitan area including, to some degree, each other. In addition, our casino properties face competition from all smaller nonrestricted gaming locations and restricted gaming locations (locations with 15 or fewer slot machines) in the Las Vegas metropolitan area, including those that primarily target the local and repeat visitor markets. Major additions, expansions or enhancements of existing properties or the construction of new properties by competitors could also have a material adverse effect on the business of our casino properties. If our competitors operate more successfully than we do, or if they attract customers away from us as a result of aggressive pricing and promotion or enhanced or expanded properties, we may lose market share and our business could be adversely affected. If they are successful in soliciting our employees it could be costly to replace such employees.

To a lesser extent, our casino properties compete with gaming operations in other parts of the state of Nevada and other gaming markets in the United States and in other parts of the world, with online betting and gaming, state sponsored lotteries, on- and off-track pari-mutuel wagering (a system of betting under which wagers are placed in a pool, management receives a fee from the pool, and the remainder of the pool is split among the winning wagers), card rooms and other forms of legalized gaming. The gaming industry also includes dockside casinos, riverboat casinos, racetracks with slot machines and casinos located on Native American land. There is intense competition among companies in the gaming industry, some of which have significantly greater resources than we do. Our properties have encountered additional competition as large-scale Native American gaming on Indian lands, particularly in California, has increased, and competition may intensify if more Native American gaming facilities are developed. Several states have approved or are currently considering the approval of legalized casino gaming in designated areas and the expansion of existing gaming operations or additional gaming sites. In May 2018, the United States Supreme Court overturned a law prohibiting states from legalizing sports wagering which has resulted in a substantial expansion of sports betting outside the state of Nevada, including online sports betting. In addition, multiple operators offer online gaming in Nevada and a number of other states and online betting and gaming is expected to continue to expand in states that currently authorize such activities and in new jurisdictions that legalize such activities. Internet gaming and the expansion of legalized casino gaming or legalized sports betting in new or existing jurisdictions and on Native American land could result in additional competition that could adversely affect our operations, especially if such gaming is conducted in areas close to our operations. Two ballot initiatives that would have permitted sports betting in California, including online and mobile betting, were recently defeated. However, there can be no assurance that similar measures will not be approved in the future. For further details on competition in the gaming industry, see Item 1. Business—Competition.

Our success depends on the efforts and abilities of our executive officers and other key employees, many of whom have significant experience in the gaming industry, including, but not limited to, Frank J. Fertitta III, our Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer. Competition for qualified personnel in our industry is intense, and it would be difficult for us to find experienced personnel to replace our current executive officers and employees. Such competition may also make it difficult for us to recruit and retain a sufficient number of qualified employees, particularly in light of recent labor shortages. Since our reopening in June 2020, we have faced increased challenges in attracting and retaining qualified employees. If we fail to retain our current employees, it would be difficult and costly to identify, recruit and train replacements needed to continue to conduct and expand our business. There can be no assurance that we will be able to retain and motivate our employees. In addition, if we do not effectively execute succession planning and leadership development, our growth and long-term success could be hindered. We believe that a loss of the services of our executive officers and/or other personnel could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

We recently opened a new casino, Durango, on Durango Drive in the southwest Las Vegas valley, and we expect to begin development of other projects in the Las Vegas valley and the North Fork project. We expect to continue to evaluate expansion opportunities as they become available and construct other new facilities or enhance our existing properties by constructing additional facilities in the future. Such construction projects entail significant risks, including the following, any of which can give rise to delays or cost overruns:

•shortages of material or skilled labor, including due to supply chain issues that are beyond our control;

•unforeseen engineering, environmental or geological problems;

•work stoppages;

•weather interference;

•floods;

•unanticipated cost increases; and

•legal or political challenges.

The anticipated costs and construction periods are based upon budgets, conceptual design documents and construction schedule estimates prepared by us in consultation with our architects and contractors. We may spend a significant sum of money in the planning stages of a project and then determine not to proceed. In addition, construction, equipment, staffing requirements, problems or difficulties in obtaining and maintaining any of the requisite licenses, permits, allocations or authorizations from regulatory authorities can increase the cost or delay the construction or opening of each of the proposed facilities or otherwise affect the project’s planned design and features. We cannot be sure that we will not exceed the budgeted costs of these projects or that the projects will commence operations within the contemplated time frame, if at all. Budget overruns and delays with respect to North Fork or other expansion and development projects could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.

We have invested in real property in connection with development and expansion opportunities and we evaluate and may pursue acquisition opportunities in existing and emerging jurisdictions. To the extent that we decide to pursue any new gaming acquisition or development opportunities, our ability to benefit from such investments will depend upon a number of factors including:

•our ability to identify and acquire attractive acquisition opportunities and development sites at attractive prices;

•our ability to secure required federal, state and local licenses, permits and approvals, which in some jurisdictions are limited in number;

•certain political factors, such as local support or opposition to development of new gaming facilities or legalizing casino gaming in designated areas;

•restrictions in our existing credit arrangements and the availability of adequate financing on acceptable terms;

•restrictions on and obligations with respect to our business that may exist in connection with any such pending transaction or investment;

•our ability to retain key employees;

•our ability to identify and develop satisfactory relationships with joint venture partners;

•to the extent we acquire existing operations, our ability to integrate the systems and employees from such operations; and

•our ability to effectively manage any combined business following an acquisition.

Most of these factors are beyond our control. Therefore, we cannot be sure that we will be able to recover our investment in any of our existing or new gaming development opportunities or acquired facilities, or successfully expand to additional locations.

Our businesses are capital intensive. We may be unable to generate sufficient revenues and cash flows to service our debt obligations as they come due, finance capital expenditures and meet our operational needs. For our casino properties to remain attractive and competitive we must periodically invest significant capital to keep the properties well-maintained, modernized and refurbished. Similarly, future construction and development projects, including but not limited to, the proposed North Fork project, and acquisitions of other gaming properties and/or operations could require significant additional capital. We rely on earnings and cash flow from operations to finance our business, capital expenditures, development, expansion and acquisitions and, to the extent that we cannot fund such expenditures from cash generated by operations, funds must be borrowed or otherwise obtained. We will also be required in the future to refinance our outstanding debt. Our ability to effectively operate and grow our business may be constrained if we are unable to borrow additional capital or refinance existing borrowings on reasonable terms.

If we are unable to access sufficient capital from operations, borrowings or otherwise, we may be precluded from:

•maintaining or enhancing our properties;

•taking advantage of future opportunities;

•growing our business; or

•responding to competitive pressures.

Further, our failure to generate sufficient revenues and cash flows could lead to cash flow and working capital constraints, which may require us to seek additional working capital. We may not be able to obtain such working capital when it is required. Further, even if we were able to obtain additional working capital, it may only be available on unfavorable terms. For example, we may be required to incur additional debt at unattractive prices, and servicing the payments on such debt could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Under such circumstances, we may be required to sell common or preferred equity or some of our assets in order to bolster our working capital and liquidity. Limited liquidity and working capital may also restrict our ability to maintain and update our casino properties, which could put us at a competitive disadvantage to casinos offering more modern and better maintained facilities.

If we do not have access to credit or capital markets at desirable times or at rates that we would consider acceptable, the lack of such funding could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition and our ability to service our indebtedness.

We have a development agreement and management agreement with the North Fork Rancheria of Mono Indians relating to development and operation of a casino to be located in Madera County, California and we intend to seek additional development and management contracts with Native American tribes. However, we cannot be sure that we will be able to develop the North Fork project or that we will be successful in entering into agreements for new development opportunities. While we believe that the ongoing legal challenges to the North Fork project will be resolved and that development of the North Fork project will proceed, the development of Native American gaming facilities is subject to numerous conditions and is frequently subject to protracted legal challenges. As a result, even if we are able to enter into development and management agreements for Native American gaming projects, we cannot be sure that the projects, including the North Fork project, will be completed or, if completed, that they will generate significant management fees or return on our investment. For more information see Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

Our properties have been subject to ongoing efforts of union activists to enter into collective bargaining agreements and to organize our employees into collective bargaining units. The Local Joint Executive Board of Las Vegas (the “LJEBLV”) has been certified as the collective bargaining representative of non-gaming employees at Sunset Station and Green Valley Ranch. We have not yet entered into collective bargaining agreements with the bargaining units represented by the LJEBLV at either of these properties. The LJEBLV had been recognized as the collective bargaining representative for a unit of non-gaming employees at Palace Station and Boulder Station, but we no longer recognize the LJEBLV as the bargaining representative of those employees at either of those properties, as each of those properties received a petition indicating that a majority of its bargaining unit employees no longer desired to be represented by the LJEBLV. In an election held in December 2019, a proposed bargaining unit consisting of non-gaming employees of Red Rock rejected the LJEBLV as their bargaining representative. The LJEBLV and the National Labor Relations Board (the “NLRB”) has contested the election results at Red Rock and as a result of actions related to that contest we are currently bargaining with the LJEBLV at Red Rock, although we have not yet entered into a collective bargaining agreement with the bargaining units represented by the LJEBLV at Red Rock. The LJEBLV and the NLRB are also contesting the withdrawal of recognition of the LJEBLV at Boulder Station and Palace Station and in addition have commenced an action which seeks, among other things, an order forcing us to collectively bargain with the LJEBLV at each of our resort properties. Accordingly, it is uncertain whether we will be subject to, or continue to be subject to, a bargaining obligation or whether we will eventually agree to enter into a collective bargaining agreement at any of our properties. In addition, slot technicians are represented by the International Union of Operating Engineers, Local 501 (“Local 501”) at Palace Station and Green Valley Ranch. We are bargaining with, but have not yet entered into collective bargaining agreements with, the bargaining units represented by Local 501 at these properties. Local 501 had been recognized as the collective bargaining representative for a unit of slot technicians at Sunset Station and Red Rock, but we no longer recognize Local 501 as the bargaining representative of those employees at either of those properties, as each of those properties received a petition indicating that a majority of its bargaining unit employees no longer desired to be represented by Local 501. Local 501 and the NLRB are contesting the withdrawal of recognition of Local 501 at Sunset Station and Red Rock. None of our other casino properties are currently subject to any bargaining obligation, collective bargaining agreement or similar arrangement with any union; however, we believe that organizing efforts are ongoing at this time.

Accordingly, there can be no assurance that our casino properties will not ultimately be unionized.

Union organization efforts could cause disruptions to our casino properties and discourage patrons from visiting our properties and may cause us to incur significant costs, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. In addition, union activities may result in labor disputes, including work stoppages, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, collective bargaining involving any of our existing or future properties in the event that they become organized introduces an element of uncertainty into planning our future labor costs, which could have a material adverse effect on the business of our casino properties and our financial condition and results of operations.

Any work stoppage at one or more of our casino properties or construction projects which may be undertaken, in each case whether or not union driven, could require us to expend significant funds to hire replacement workers, and qualified replacement labor may not be available at reasonable costs, if at all. Strikes and work stoppages could also result in adverse media attention or otherwise discourage customers from visiting our casino properties. Strikes and work stoppages involving laborers at a construction project could result in construction delays and increases in construction costs. As a result, a strike or other work stoppage at one of our casino properties or any construction project could have an adverse effect on the business of our casino properties and our financial condition and results of operations. There can be no assurance that we will not experience a strike or work stoppage at one or more of our casino properties or any construction project in the future. As noted above, our properties have been subject to ongoing efforts of union activists to enter into collective bargaining agreements and to organize our employees into collective bargaining units.

Any unexpected shutdown of one of our casino properties or any construction project could have an adverse effect on the business of our casino properties and our results of operations. There can be no assurance that we will be adequately prepared for unexpected events, including political or regulatory actions, which may lead to a temporary or permanent shutdown of any of our casino properties.

We rely on a variety of hardware and software products to maximize revenue and efficiency in our operations. Technology in the gaming industry is developing rapidly, and we may need to invest substantial amounts to acquire the most current gaming and hotel technology and equipment in order to remain competitive in the markets in which we operate. In addition, we may not be able to successfully implement and/or maintain any acquired technology.

Our ownership and operation of gaming facilities is subject to extensive regulation, including licensing requirements, by the states, counties and cities in which we operate. These laws, regulations and ordinances vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, but generally concern the responsibility, financial stability and character of the owners and managers of gaming operations as well as persons financially interested or involved in gaming operations, and we are subject to extensive background investigations and suitability standards in our gaming business. We also will become subject to regulation in any other jurisdiction where we choose to operate in the future. As such, our gaming regulators can require us to disassociate ourselves from suppliers or business partners found unsuitable by the regulators or, alternatively, cease operations in that jurisdiction. In addition, unsuitable activity on our part, on the part of individuals investing in or otherwise involved with us or on the part of our owners, managers or unconsolidated affiliates in any jurisdiction could have a negative effect on our ability to continue operating in other jurisdictions.

In addition, we are subject to various gaming taxes, which are subject to possible increase at any time, and federal income tax. Tax laws are dynamic and subject to change as new laws are passed and new interpretations of the law are issued or applied. In addition, governmental tax authorities are increasingly scrutinizing the tax positions of companies. If United States or state tax authorities change applicable tax laws, including laws relating to taxation of gaming operations, our overall taxes could increase, and our business, financial condition or results of operations may be adversely impacted.

We also deal with significant amounts of cash in our operations and are subject to various reporting and anti-money laundering regulations. As a result of such regulations, we are subject to periodic examinations by the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”) and we may be required to pay substantial penalties if we fail to comply with applicable regulations. Any violations of anti-money laundering laws or regulations by any of our properties could have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Such laws and regulations could change or could be interpreted differently in the future, or new laws and regulations could be enacted.

For a more complete description of the regulatory requirements, see Item 1. Business—Regulation and Licensing.

We are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment and human health and safety, including those relating to air emissions, water discharges and remediation of contamination. Such laws and regulations require us to obtain, maintain and renew environmental operating or construction permits or approvals, particularly in connection with our development activities. Certain environmental laws can impose joint and several liability without regard to fault on responsible parties, including past and present owners and operators of sites, related to the investigation or remediation of sites at which hazardous wastes or materials were disposed or released. Private parties may also bring claims arising from the presence of hazardous materials on a site or exposure to such materials. We are currently involved in monitoring activities at or adjacent to a few of our sites due to historical or nearby operations. Environmental laws, regulations and standards have become increasingly stringent overtime and this trend is expected to continue, which may make compliance with new requirements more difficult or costly or otherwise adversely affect our operations. Failure to comply with environmental laws or regulations, or any liabilities or claims arising under such laws or regulations, could require us to incur potentially significant costs or sanctions, including fines, penalties, cessation of operations or site clean ups, or otherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

There has been an increasing focus of international, national, state, regional and local regulatory bodies on greenhouse gas (“GHG”), including carbon dioxide and methane, emissions, and climate change issues. The United States is a member of the Paris Agreement, a climate accord reached at the Conference of the Parties (“COP 21”) in Paris, that set many new goals, and many related policies are still emerging. The Paris Agreement requires set GHG emission reduction goals every five years beginning in 2020. Stronger GHG emission targets were set at COP 26 in Glasgow in November 2021 and reaffirmed at COP 28 in Dubai in November and December 2023.

Future regulation could impose stringent standards to substantially reduce GHG emissions. Legislation to regulate GHG emissions has periodically been introduced in the U.S. Congress. If such legislation is enacted, we could incur increased energy, environmental, and other costs and capital expenditures to comply with the limitations. In addition, the current presidential administration has taken steps to further regulate GHG emissions. Due to uncertainty in the regulatory and legislative processes, as well as the scope of such requirements and initiatives, we cannot currently determine the effect such legislation and regulation may have on our operations, but it could be costly and difficult to implement.

Beyond financial and regulatory effects, the projected severe effects of climate change – such as protracted drought and property damage or supply chain issues stemming from extreme weather events – have the potential to directly affect our facilities and operations. We recognize the impacts of climate change and are engaged in several initiatives to identify, assess, and manage the risks and opportunities associated with climate change (see “Social Responsibility and Environmental Stewardship,” above).

Companies across all industries are facing increasing scrutiny related to their environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) practices and reporting. Investors, consumers, employees and other stakeholders have focused increasingly on ESG practices and placed increasing importance on the implications and social cost of their investments, purchases and other interactions with companies.

With this increased focus, public reporting regarding ESG practices is becoming more broadly expected. If our ESG practices and reporting do not meet investor, consumer or employee expectations, which continue to evolve, our brand, reputation and customer retention may be negatively impacted.

Our ability to achieve any ESG objective is subject to numerous risks, many of which are outside of our control. Examples of such risks include:

•the availability and cost of low- or non-carbon-based energy sources;

•the evolving regulatory requirements affecting ESG standards or disclosures;

•the availability of suppliers that can meet sustainability, diversity and other ESG standards that we may set;

•our ability to recruit, develop and retain diverse talent in our labor markets; and

•the success of our organic growth and acquisitions or dispositions of businesses or operations.

If we fail, or are perceived to be failing, to meet the standards included in any sustainability disclosure or the expectations of our various stakeholders, it could negatively impact our reputation, customer attraction and retention, access to capital and employee retention. Investors are increasingly focused on ESG matters and failure to address their needs could lead to stock price volatility. In addition, new sustainability rules and regulations have been adopted and may continue to be introduced. For instance, the SEC is in the process of considering new disclosure rules that would require companies to disclose the impact of climate change and their risk mitigation environment and practices. Our failure to comply with any applicable rules or regulations as they are adopted, as well as our failure to predict trends and stakeholder requirements related to ESG, could lead to penalties and adversely impact our reputation, customer attraction and retention, access to capital and employee retention.

Although we maintain insurance that we believe is customary and appropriate for our business, each of our insurance policies is subject to certain exclusions and our coverage is in an amount that may be significantly less than the expected replacement cost of rebuilding our facilities in the event of a total loss. To the extent that we are inadequately insured for certain types or levels of risk, we may be exposed to significant losses in the event of a catastrophe. In addition to the damage caused to our properties by a casualty loss, we may suffer business disruption or be subject to claims by third parties that may be injured or harmed. While we carry general liability insurance and business interruption insurance, there can be no assurance that insurance will be available or adequate to cover all loss and damage to which our business or our assets might be subjected. Certain casualty events, such as labor strikes, nuclear events, loss of income due to terrorism or epidemics, deterioration or corrosion, insect or animal damage and pollution, may not be covered under our policies. Any losses we incur that are not adequately covered by insurance may decrease our future operating income, require us to fund replacements or repairs for destroyed property and reduce the funds available for payments of our obligations.

We renew our insurance policies on an annual basis. To the extent that the cost of insurance coverage increases, we may be required to reduce our policy limits or agree to exclusions from our coverage.

We test our goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment during the fourth quarter of each year and when a triggering event occurs, and we test other long-lived assets for impairment whenever changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If we do not achieve our projected cash flow estimates related to such assets, we may be required to record an impairment charge, which could have a material adverse impact on our financial statements. We have recognized significant impairment charges in the past as a result of a number of factors including negative industry and economic trends, reduced estimates of future cash flows, and slower than expected growth. We could be required to recognize additional impairment charges, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations if events that negatively impact our business should occur in the future.

The development of intellectual property is part of our overall business strategy, and we regard our intellectual property to be an important element of our success. While our business as a whole is not substantially dependent on any one trademark or combination of several of our trademarks or other intellectual property, we seek to establish and maintain our proprietary rights in our business operations through the use of trademarks.

Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, parties may infringe our trademarks and our rights may be invalidated or unenforceable. Monitoring the unauthorized use of our intellectual property is difficult. Litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. Litigation of this type could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources. We cannot assure you that all of the steps we have taken to protect our trademarks will be adequate to prevent imitation of our trademarks by others. The unauthorized use or reproduction of our trademarks could diminish the value of our brand and its market acceptance, competitive advantages or goodwill, which could adversely affect our business.

Our casinos and hotels use significant amounts of electricity, natural gas, other forms of energy and water. The southwest United States is currently experiencing a series of long-lasting drought phases, which may result in governmentally-imposed restrictions on water use or increases in the cost of water. Any such restrictions on use of water or increases in cost could adversely impact our business and our results of operations. While no shortages of energy have been experienced recently, we have experienced and are currently experiencing increases in the cost of energy. Energy shortages or substantial or continuing increases in the cost of electricity have negatively affected our operating results in the past, and could adversely impact our business and our results of operations.

The gaming industry is characterized by an element of chance. In addition to the element of chance, win rates are also affected by other factors, including players’ skill and experience, the mix of games played, the financial resources of players, the spread of table limits, the volume of bets placed and the amount of time played. Our gaming profits are mainly derived from the difference between our casino winnings and the casino winnings of our gaming customers. Since there is an inherent element of chance in the gaming industry, we do not have full control over our winnings or the winnings of our gaming customers. If the winnings of our gaming customers exceed our winnings, we may record a loss from our gaming operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Our gaming customers may attempt or commit fraud or cheat in order to increase winnings. Acts of fraud or cheating could involve the use of counterfeit chips or other tactics, possibly in collusion with our employees. Internal acts of cheating could also be conducted by employees through collusion with dealers, surveillance staff, floor managers or other casino or gaming area staff. Failure to discover such acts or schemes in a timely manner could result in losses in our gaming operations. In addition, negative publicity related to such schemes could have an adverse effect on our reputation, potentially causing a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Our business requires the collection and retention of large volumes of data about our customers, employees, suppliers and business partners, including customer credit card numbers and other personally identifiable information of our customers and employees, in various information systems that we maintain and in those maintained by third-party service providers. The integrity and protection of that data is important to our business and is subject to privacy laws enacted by various jurisdictions. The regulatory environment and the requirements imposed on us by the payment card industry surrounding information, security and privacy are evolving and may be inconsistent. Our systems may be unable to meet changing regulatory and payment card industry requirements and employee and customer expectations, or may require significant additional investments or time in order to do so. Our information systems and records, including those maintained by service providers, may be subject to cyber-attacks, security breaches, system failures, viruses, operator error or inadvertent releases of data. Any perceived or actual electronic or physical security breach involving the misappropriation, loss, or other unauthorized disclosure of confidential or personally identifiable information, including penetration of our network security, whether by us or by a third party, could disrupt our business, damage our reputation and our relationships with our customers or employees, expose us to risks of litigation, significant fines and penalties and liability, result in the deterioration of our customers’ and employees’ confidence in us, and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Cyber-attacks and security breaches may include, but are not limited to, attempts to access information, including customer and company information, computer malware such as viruses, denial of service, ransomware attacks that encrypt, exfiltrate, or otherwise render data unusable or unavailable in an effort to extort money or other consideration as a condition to purportedly returning the data to a usable form, operator errors or misuse, or inadvertent releases of data, and other forms of electronic security breaches.

The techniques and sophistication used to conduct cyberattacks and compromise information technology infrastructure, as well as the sources and targets of these attacks, change and are often not recognized until such attacks are launched or have been in place for some time. In addition, there has been an increase in state sponsored cyberattacks which are often conducted by capable, well-funded groups. The rapid evolution and increased adoption of artificial intelligence technologies amplifies these concerns. The steps we have taken to mitigate these risks may not be sufficient and a significant theft, loss or fraudulent use of customer, employee or company data maintained by us or by a service provider could have an adverse effect on our reputation and employee relationships and could result in remedial and other expenses, fines or litigation. A breach in the security of our information systems or those of our service providers could lead to an interruption in the operation of our systems or loss, disclosure or misappropriation of our business information or other unintended consequences. If any of these risks materialize, they could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows.

We have a substantial amount of debt, which requires significant principal and interest payments. As of December 31, 2023, the principal amount of our outstanding indebtedness totaled approximately $3.35 billion and we had $479.3 million of undrawn availability under our Revolving Credit Facility, which is net of the issuance of approximately $39.8 million of letters of credit and similar obligations. Our ability to make interest payments on our debt will be significantly impacted by general economic, financial, competitive and other factors beyond our control.

Our substantial indebtedness could:

•make it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations under our senior notes and senior secured credit facilities and other indebtedness;

•increase our vulnerability to adverse economic and general industry conditions, including interest rate fluctuations, because a portion of our borrowings, including those under our senior secured credit facilities, are and will continue to be at variable rates of interest;

•require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our debt, which would reduce the availability of our cash flow from operations to fund working capital, capital expenditures or other general corporate purposes;

•limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and industry;

•place us at a disadvantage compared to competitors that may have proportionately less debt;

•limit our ability to obtain additional debt or equity financing due to applicable financial and restrictive covenants in our debt agreements; and

•cause us to incur higher interest expense in the event of increases in interest rates on our borrowings that have variable interest rates or if we refinance existing debt at higher interest rates.

Our credit agreements and the indentures governing our senior notes contain a number of covenants that impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us, including certain limitations on our and our subsidiaries’ ability to, among other things:

•incur additional debt or issue certain preferred units;

•pay dividends on or make certain redemptions, repurchases or distributions or make other restricted payments;

•make certain investments;

•sell certain assets;

•create liens on certain assets;

•consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets; and

•enter into certain transactions with our affiliates.

In addition, our credit agreements contain certain financial covenants, including maintenance of a minimum interest coverage ratio and adherence to a maximum total leverage ratio.

As a result of these covenants and restrictions, we are limited in how we conduct our business and we may be unable to raise additional debt or equity financing to compete effectively or to take advantage of new business opportunities. Our ability to comply with covenants and restrictions contained in the agreements governing our indebtedness also may be affected by general economic conditions, industry conditions and other events beyond our control. As a result, we cannot assure you that we will be able to comply with these covenants and restrictions.

A failure to comply with the covenants contained in the credit agreements, the indentures governing our senior notes, or other indebtedness that we may incur in the future could result in an event of default, which, if not cured or waived, could result in the acceleration of the indebtedness and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We and our subsidiaries may be able to incur substantial additional indebtedness, including additional secured indebtedness, in the future. The terms of the documents governing our indebtedness restrict, but do not completely prohibit, us from doing so. As of December 31, 2023, we had $479.3 million of undrawn availability under our Revolving Credit Facility, which is net of $512.0 million in outstanding borrowings and the issuance of approximately $39.8 million of letters of credit and similar obligations. In addition, the indentures governing our senior notes allow us to issue additional notes under certain circumstances. The indentures also allow us to incur certain other additional secured and unsecured debt. Further, the indentures do not prevent us from incurring other liabilities that do not constitute indebtedness. If new debt or other liabilities are added to our current debt levels, the related risks that we and our subsidiaries now face could intensify.

Our ability to make scheduled payments on or to refinance our debt obligations depends on our financial condition and operating performance, which is subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to certain financial, business, legislative, regulatory and other factors beyond our control. We cannot assure you that we will maintain a level of cash flows from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay the principal, premium, if any, and interest on our indebtedness.

If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we may be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures, or to sell assets, seek additional capital or restructure or refinance our indebtedness. These alternative measures may not be successful and may not permit us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations. If our operating results and available cash are insufficient to meet our debt service obligations, we could face substantial liquidity problems and might be required to dispose of significant assets or operations or sell equity to meet our debt service and other obligations. We may not be able to consummate those dispositions or to obtain the proceeds that we could realize from them, and these proceeds may not be adequate to meet any debt service obligations then due. Additionally, the documents governing our indebtedness limit the use of the proceeds from any disposition; as a result, we may not be allowed, under these documents, to use proceeds from such dispositions to satisfy all current debt service obligations.

Red Rock is a holding company. Other than assets and liabilities related to income taxes and the tax receivable agreement, its only material assets are its equity interest in Station Holdco and its voting interest in Station LLC. In connection with the IPO, Red Rock entered into a tax receivable agreement (“TRA”) with certain pre-IPO owners of Station Holdco. Red Rock intends to cause Station Holdco to make distributions to its members, including us, in an amount sufficient to cover all applicable taxes at assumed tax rates, payments under the TRA and dividends, if any, declared by it. To the extent Station LLC or Station Holdco is restricted from making such distributions pursuant to the terms of the agreements governing its debt or under applicable law or regulation, or is otherwise unable to provide such funds, it could materially and adversely affect Red Rock’s liquidity and financial condition and impair Red Rock’s ability to pay taxes and other expenses, make payments under the TRA or pay dividends on the Class A common stock.

Each outstanding share of Class B common stock that is held by a holder that, together with its affiliates, owned LLC Units representing at least 30% of the outstanding LLC Units immediately following the IPO and, at the applicable record date, maintains direct or indirect beneficial ownership of at least 10% of the outstanding shares of Class A common stock (determined on an as-exchanged basis assuming that all of the LLC Units were exchanged for Class A common stock) is entitled to ten votes, and each other outstanding share of Class B common stock and each share of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote. As a result, Fertitta Family Entities held 90.1% of the combined voting power of Red Rock as of December 31, 2023. Due to their ownership, the Fertitta Family Entities have the power to control our management and affairs, including the power to:

•elect all of our directors;

•agree to sell or otherwise transfer a controlling stake in our Company, which may result in the acquisition of effective control of our Company by a third party; and

•determine the outcome of substantially all actions requiring stockholder approval, including transactions with related parties, corporate reorganizations, acquisitions and dispositions of assets and dividends.

The interests of the Fertitta Family Entities may differ from our interests or those of our other stakeholders, including our stockholders and the concentration of control in the Fertitta Family Entities will limit other stockholders’ ability to influence corporate matters. The concentration of ownership and voting power of the Fertitta Family Entities may also prevent or cause a change of control of our Company or a change in the composition of our board of directors and will make many transactions impossible without the support of the Fertitta Family Entities, even if such events are in the best interests of our other stakeholders. As a result of the concentration of voting power among the Fertitta Family Entities, we may take actions that our other stockholders do not view as beneficial, which may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition and cause the value of your investment in our Class A common stock to decline.

In addition, because the Principal Equity Holders hold most of their ownership interest directly and/or indirectly through Station Holdco, rather than through Red Rock, the public company, they may have conflicting interests with holders of shares of our Class A common stock. For example, if Station Holdco makes distributions to Red Rock, the Principal Equity Holders will also be entitled to receive distributions pro rata in accordance with the percentages of their respective LLC Units and their preferences as to the timing and amount of any such distributions may differ from those of our public stockholders. The Principal Equity Holders may also have different tax positions from us which could influence their decisions regarding whether and when to dispose of assets, especially in light of the existence of the TRA, whether and when to incur new, or refinance existing, indebtedness, and whether and when Red Rock should terminate the TRA and accelerate its obligations thereunder. The structuring of future transactions may take into consideration these Principal Equity Holders’ tax or other considerations even where no similar benefit would accrue to us. For example, a disposition of real estate or other assets in a taxable transaction could accelerate then-existing obligations under the TRA, which may result in differing incentives between the Principal Equity Holders and Red Rock with respect to such a transaction. For more information, see “Tax Receivable Agreement” within Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Fertitta Family Entities hold more than 50% of the voting power of our shares eligible to vote. As a result, we are a “controlled company” under the rules of NASDAQ. Under these rules, a company of which more than 50% of the voting power in the election of directors is held by an individual, group or another company is a “controlled company” and may elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements, including the requirements that (i) a majority of the board of directors consist of independent directors and (ii) that the board of directors have compensation and nominating and corporate governance committees composed entirely of independent directors. Although a majority of the members of our board of directors are independent and our compensation and nominating and corporate governance committees are comprised entirely of independent directors, in the future we may elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements that are not applicable to controlled companies.

The TRA provides for the payment by Red Rock to certain of our pre-IPO owners of 85% of the amount of benefits, if any, that Red Rock realizes (or is deemed to realize in the case of an early termination payment by us, a change in control or a material breach by us of our obligations under the TRA, as discussed below) as a result of (i) increases in tax basis resulting from our purchases or exchanges of LLC Units and (ii) certain other tax benefits related to our entering into the TRA, including tax benefits attributable to payments that we are required to make under the TRA. See “Tax Receivable Agreement” within Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Any increases in tax basis, as well as the amount and timing of any payments under the TRA, cannot reliably be predicted at this time. The amount of any such increases and payments will vary depending upon a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the timing of exchanges, the price of our Class A common stock at the time of the exchanges, the amount, character and timing of our income and the tax rates then applicable.

The payments that we may make under the TRA could be substantial. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, our liability under the TRA with respect to previously consummated transactions was $22.1 million and $28.6 million, respectively. Assuming no material changes in the relevant tax law and based on our current operating plan and other assumptions, including our estimate of the tax basis of our assets as of December 31, 2023 and that Red Rock earns sufficient taxable income to realize all the tax benefits that are subject to the TRA, we expect to make payments under the TRA over a period of approximately 40 years. The foregoing numbers are merely estimates based on current assumptions. The amount of actual payments could differ materially.

Future payments to our pre-IPO owners in respect of any subsequent exchanges of LLC Units for Class A common stock would be in addition to these amounts and are expected to be substantial. It is possible that future transactions or events could increase or decrease the actual tax benefits realized and the corresponding TRA payments. There may be a material negative effect on our liquidity if, as a result of timing discrepancies or otherwise (as described below), the payments under the TRA exceed the actual benefits we realize in respect of the tax attributes subject to the TRA and/or distributions to Red Rock by Station Holdco are not sufficient to permit Red Rock to make payments under the TRA after it has paid taxes.

The TRA provides that in the event that we exercise our right to early termination of the TRA, there is a change in control or a material breach by us of our obligations under the TRA, the TRA will terminate, and we will be required to make a payment equal to the present value of future payments under the TRA, which payment would be based on certain assumptions, including those relating to our future taxable income, and may substantially exceed the actual benefits, if any, we realize in respect of the tax attributes subject to the TRA. In these situations, our obligations under the TRA could have a substantial negative impact on our liquidity, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to finance our obligations under the TRA. In addition, these obligations could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing certain mergers, asset sales, other forms of business combinations or other changes of control, in particular in circumstances where our Principal Equity Holders have interests that differ from those of other stockholders. Because our Principal Equity Holders have a controlling ownership interest in the Company, they are able to control the outcome of votes on all matters requiring approval by our stockholders. Accordingly, actions that affect such obligations under the TRA may be taken even if other stockholders oppose them.

Payments under the TRA will be based on the tax reporting positions that we determine. Although we are not aware of any material issue that would cause the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) to challenge a tax basis increase, we will not be reimbursed for any payments previously made under the TRA (although we would reduce future amounts otherwise payable under such TRA). No assurance can be given that the IRS will agree with the allocation of value among our assets. As a result, in certain circumstances, payments could be made under the TRA in excess of the benefit that we actually realize in respect of the increases in tax basis resulting from our purchases or exchanges of LLC Units and certain other tax benefits related to our entering into the TRA.

Our ability to benefit from any depreciation or amortization deductions or to realize other tax benefits that we currently expect to be available as a result of the increases in tax basis created by the exchanges of LLC Units, and our ability to realize certain other tax benefits attributable to payments under the TRA itself, depend on a number of assumptions, including that we earn sufficient taxable income each year during the period over which such deductions are available and that there are no adverse changes in applicable law or regulations.

If our actual taxable income is insufficient and/or there are adverse changes in applicable law or regulations, we may be unable to realize all or a portion of these expected benefits and our cash flows and stockholders’ equity could be negatively affected. However, absent a change in control or other termination event with respect to the TRA, we will generally not be required to make payments under that agreement with respect to projected tax benefits that we do not actually realize, as reported on our tax return. See “Tax Receivable Agreement” within Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

At December 31, 2023, approximately 46 million LLC Units of Station Holdco were owned by our Continuing Owners, or 42.2% of Red Rock Class A common stock on a fully exchanged basis, and may be sold in the future. In addition, under the Exchange Agreement, each holder of shares our Class B common stock is entitled to exchange its LLC Units for shares of our Class A common stock, as described under “Class B Common Stock” within Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The market price of our Class A common stock could decline as a result of sales of a large number of shares of our Class A common stock eligible for future sale, or the perception that such sales could occur. These sales, or the possibility that these sales may occur, may make it more difficult for holders of our Class A common stock to sell such stock in the future at a time and at a price that they deem appropriate. They also may make it more difficult for us to raise additional capital by selling equity securities in the future.

Although we intend to pay dividends on our Class A common stock to the extent that we have sufficient funds available for such purpose, the declaration, amount and payment of any future dividends on shares of Class A common stock will be at the sole discretion of our board of directors. Our board of directors may take into account general and economic conditions, our financial condition and operating results, our available cash and current and anticipated cash needs, capital requirements, contractual, legal, tax and regulatory restrictions and implications on the payment of dividends by us to our stockholders or by our subsidiaries to us, and such other factors as our board of directors may deem relevant. The existing debt agreements of Station LLC limit the ability of Station LLC to make distributions to Station Holdco, which effectively restricts the ability of Station Holdco to distribute sufficient funds to permit Red Rock to pay dividends to its stockholders. Red Rock will be required to apply funds distributed by Station Holdco to pay taxes and make payments under the TRA. Therefore, we cannot assure you that you will receive any dividends on your Class A common stock. Accordingly, you may need to sell your shares of Class A common stock to realize a return on your investment, and you may not be able to sell your shares above the price you paid for them. See Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

In addition to the Fertitta Family Entities owning 90.1% of the combined voting power of our common stock, which permits them to control decisions made by our stockholders, including election of directors and change of control transactions, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that make it harder for a third party to acquire us. These provisions include certain super-majority approval requirements and limitations on actions by written consent of our stockholders at any time that the Fertitta Family Entities hold less than 10% of the LLC Units. In addition, our board of directors has the right to issue preferred stock without stockholder approval that could be used to dilute a potential hostile acquirer. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation also imposes some restrictions on mergers and other business combinations between us and any holder of 15% or more of our outstanding common stock other than the Fertitta Family Entities.

The Nevada Act provides that persons who acquire beneficial ownership of more than 5% of the voting or non-voting securities of a Registered Corporation under Nevada gaming laws must report the acquisition to the Nevada Commission. The Nevada Act also requires that beneficial owners of more than 10% of the voting securities of a Registered Corporation must apply, subject to certain exceptions, to the Nevada Commission for a finding of suitability within thirty days after the Chair of the Nevada Board mails the written notice requiring such filing.

Further, changes in control of the Company through merger, consolidation, stock or asset acquisitions (including stock issuances in connection with restructuring transactions), management or consulting agreements, or any act or conduct by a person whereby such person obtains control, may not occur without the prior approval of the Nevada Commission.

These anti-takeover provisions, shareholder requirements and other provisions under Delaware law and Nevada gaming laws could discourage, delay or prevent a transaction involving a change in control of our Company, including transactions that our stockholders may deem advantageous, and negatively affect the trading price of our Class A common stock. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for you and other stockholders to elect directors of your choosing and to cause us to take other corporate actions you desire.

Under the agreements governing our indebtedness, a takeover of our Company would likely constitute a “change of control” and be deemed to be an event of default under such facility, which would therefore require a third-party acquirer to refinance any outstanding indebtedness under the credit facility in connection with such takeover. In addition, the TRA provides that, in the event of a change of control, we are required to make a payment equal to the present value of estimated future payments under the TRA, which would result in a significant payment becoming due in the event of a change of control. These change of control provisions, and similar provisions in future agreements, are likely to increase the costs of any takeover and may discourage, delay or prevent an acquisition of our Company by a third party.

In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources through offerings of debt securities, entering into or increasing amounts under our loan agreements or additional offerings of equity securities. Upon bankruptcy or liquidation, holders of our debt securities, including holders of our senior notes, and shares of preferred stock, if any is issued, and lenders with respect to our indebtedness, including our credit facility, will receive a distribution of our available assets prior to the holders of our common stock. Additional equity offerings may dilute the holdings of our existing stockholders or reduce the market price of our common stock, or both. Our preferred stock, if issued, will likely have a preference on liquidating distributions or a preference on dividend payments or both that could limit our ability to make a dividend distribution to the holders of our common stock. Our decision to issue securities in any future offering or enter into or increase loan amounts will depend on our management’s views on our capital structure and financial results, as well as market conditions and other factors beyond our control. As a result, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of any such future transaction, and purchasers of our Class A common stock bear the risk of our future transactions reducing the market price of our Class A common stock and diluting their ownership interest in our Company.

The market price of our Class A common stock may be significantly affected by factors such as quarterly variations in our results of operations, changes in government regulations, general market conditions specific to the gaming industry, changes in interest rates, changes in general and/or local economic and political conditions, volatility in the financial markets, threatened or actual litigation or government investigations, the addition or departure of key personnel, actions taken by our stockholders, including the sale or other disposition of their shares of our Class A common stock, differences between our actual financial and operating results and those expected by investors and analysts and changes in analysts’ recommendations or projections. These and other factors may lower the market price of our Class A common stock, even though they may or may not affect our actual operating performance.

Furthermore, in recent years the stock market has experienced significant price and volume fluctuations. This volatility has had a significant impact on the market price of securities issued by many companies, including companies in our industry. The changes frequently appear to occur without regard to the operating performance of the affected companies. Hence, the price of our Class A common stock could fluctuate based upon factors that have little or nothing to do with us, and these fluctuations could materially reduce the price of our Class A common stock and materially affect the value of your investment.

Additionally, significant sales of our Class A common stock, whether by the principal equity holders or the Company, could have a significant effect on the price of our Class A common stock and, in the case of sales by the Company, a dilutive effect on existing stockholders.

We are, from time to time, during the ordinary course of operating our businesses, subject to various litigation claims and legal disputes, including contract, lease, employment and regulatory claims as well as claims made by visitors to our properties. There are also litigation risks inherent in any construction or development of any of our properties. Certain litigation claims may not be covered entirely or at all by our insurance policies or our insurance carriers may seek to deny coverage. In addition, litigation claims can be expensive to defend and may divert our attention from the operations of our businesses. Further, litigation involving visitors to our properties, even if without merit, can attract adverse media attention. As a result, litigation can have a material adverse effect on our businesses and, because we cannot predict the outcome of any action, it is possible that adverse judgments or settlements could significantly reduce our earnings or result in losses.

ITEM 1B.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 1C.CYBERSECURITY

We rely on our technology infrastructure and information systems to operate our gaming and non-gaming facilities, interact with customers, employees, utilize our data, support and grow our customer base, and bill, collect, and make payments. Our technology infrastructure and information systems also support and form the foundation for our accounting and finance systems and form an integral part of our disclosure and accounting control environment. Our internally developed systems and processes, as well as those systems and processes provided by third-party vendors, may be susceptible to damage or interruption from cybersecurity threats, which include any unauthorized access to our information systems that may result in adverse effects on the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of such systems or the related information. Potential cybersecurity threats include terrorist or hacker attacks, the introduction of malicious computer viruses, ransomware, falsification of banking and other information, insider risk, or other security breaches. Such attacks have become more and more sophisticated over time, especially as threat actors have become increasingly well-funded by, or themselves include, governmental actors with significant means.

We have implemented robust processes to assess, identify, and manage cybersecurity risks, including potentially material risks, related to our internal information systems and our products. Our Board of Directors has direct oversight of our management of cybersecurity risks.

The Board of Directors receives an evaluation of cybersecurity risks, which includes detailed descriptions of the actions we have taken to accept, transfer, or mitigate these risks and an analysis of cybersecurity threats and incidents across the industry. The Board of Directors reviews the evaluation on an annual basis. Management will provide a comprehensive update to the Board of Directors on cybersecurity threats and risk mitigation at least annually, and more frequently as relevant.

Our Chief Information Security Officer reporting to our Chief Information Officer as well as the Chief Financial Officer is a twenty four year industry veteran, with 10 years of business operations experience and 14 years of technology experience including six years directly in cybersecurity. The Chief Information Security Officer has principal responsibility for assessing and managing cybersecurity risks and threats, implementing the systems necessary to address such risks and threats and preparing updates for the Board of Directors on a regular basis. These updates contain information such as key performance indicators, National Institute of Standards and Technology (“NIST”) Cybersecurity Framework status, cybersecurity road map status, and current events and issues.

Our Director of Cyber Security reports to our Chief Information Security Officer as well as our Chief Information Officer and is responsible for the operation of our cybersecurity program. Our Director of Cyber Security has 30 years of combined information technology experience with ten of those years working in the cybersecurity field as both an engineer and a director.

We have adopted the NIST Cybersecurity Framework to continually evaluate and enhance our cybersecurity procedures. Activities include mandatory monthly online training for all employees, technical security controls, enhanced data protection, the maintenance of backup and protective systems, policy review and implementation, the evaluation and retention of cybersecurity insurance, periodic assessments of third-party service providers to assess cyber preparedness of key vendors, and running simulated cybersecurity drills, including vulnerability scanning, penetration testing and disaster recovery exercises, throughout the organization. These cybersecurity drills are performed both in-house and by third-party service providers. We use automated tools that monitor, detect, and prevent cybersecurity risks and have a security operations center that operates 24 hours a day to alert us to any potential cybersecurity threats.

When we experience a cybersecurity incident, our Chief Information Security Officer or Chief Information Officer will inform our Senior Leadership and/or the Board of Directors, Computer Security Incident Response Team, which will then evaluate and assess the nature and materiality of the incident to the Company, in general, its information technology infrastructure and data integrity, and whether the cybersecurity incident should be reported to the Board of Directors in advance of or external to the next regular cybersecurity update. Once a cybersecurity incident is reported to the Board of Directors, the Board of Directors, with the input of the Chief Information Security Officer and Chief Information Officer, will determine how to address it.

We engage subject matter experts such as consultants and auditors to assist us in establishing processes to assess, identify and manage potential and actual cybersecurity threats, to actively monitor our systems internally using widely accepted digital applications, processes, and controls, and to provide forensic assistance to facilitate system recovery in the case of an incident. The Chief Information Security Officer oversees and establishes the parameters of our engagement with these experts to ensure we obtain the supplement assistance needed in this area, if any.

If there is a cybersecurity incident, we may suffer interruptions in service, loss of assets or data, or reduced functionality. Security breaches of our systems may allow inappropriate access to or inadvertent transfer of information and misappropriation or unauthorized disclosure of confidential information. Though we take steps to ensure our products and/or software are secure, it is possible that a cybersecurity incident could result in the loss or compromise of critical data. If a guest alleges that a cybersecurity incident causes or contributes to a loss or compromise of critical data, whether or not caused by us, we could face harm to our reputation and financial condition and regulatory repercussions. A cybersecurity incident could materially harm our reputation and financial condition and cause us to incur legal liability and increased costs to respond to such events. See Item 1A. Risk Factors— Business, Economic, Market and Operating Risks—Failure to maintain the integrity of our internal or customer data, including defending our information systems against hacking, security breaches, computer malware, cyber-attacks and similar technology exploitation risks, could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows, and/or subject us to costs, fines or lawsuits.

ITEM 2.PROPERTIES

Substantially all of the property that we own and lease is subject to liens to secure borrowings under our credit agreements and include the following:

•Red Rock, which opened in 2006, is situated on approximately 64 acres that we own on the west side of Las Vegas, Nevada.

•Green Valley Ranch, which opened in 2001, is situated on approximately 40 acres that we own in Henderson, Nevada.

•Durango, which opened in December 2023, is situated on approximately 50 acres that we own in Las Vegas, Nevada.

•Palace Station, which opened in 1976, is situated on approximately 30 acres that we own in Las Vegas, Nevada.

•Boulder Station, which opened in 1994, is situated on approximately 46 acres that we own on the east side of Las Vegas, Nevada.

•Sunset Station, which opened in 1997, is situated on approximately 75 acres that we own in Henderson, Nevada.

•Santa Fe Station, which we purchased in 2000, is situated on approximately 39 acres that we own on the northwest side of Las Vegas, Nevada.

•Wildfire Rancho, which we purchased in 2003, is situated on approximately five acres that we own in Las Vegas, Nevada.

•Wildfire Boulder, which we purchased in 2004, is situated on approximately two acres that we own in Henderson, Nevada.

•Wildfire Sunset, which we purchased in 2004, is situated on approximately one acre that we own in Henderson, Nevada.

•Wildfire Lake Mead, which we purchased in 2006, is situated on approximately three acres that we own in Henderson, Nevada.

•Wildfire Fremont, which we opened in February 2023, is situated on approximately five acres that we own in Las Vegas, Nevada.

•Wildfire Valley View and Wildfire Anthem, which we purchased in 2013, lease land and buildings used in their operations in Las Vegas, Nevada and Henderson, Nevada, respectively, from third-party lessors.

•Barley’s and The Greens, which are 50% owned, lease land and buildings in Henderson, Nevada used in their operations from third-party lessors. Wildfire Lanes, which is 50% owned, owns the land and building in Henderson, Nevada used in its operations. We opened Barley’s in 1996 and purchased The Greens in 2005 and Wildfire Lanes in 2007.

We own 441 acres of developable land comprised of six strategically-located parcels in Las Vegas, each of which is zoned for casino gaming and other commercial uses. We also own one additional site that is being positioned for sale. From time to time we may acquire additional parcels or sell portions of our existing sites that are not necessary to the development of additional gaming facilities.

We have completed a variety of expansion and major renovation projects at our properties. From time to time we also renovate portions of our properties, such as hotel rooms and restaurants.

ITEM 3.LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We and our subsidiaries are defendants in various lawsuits relating to routine matters incidental to our business. No assurance can be provided as to the outcome of such matters and litigation inherently involves significant risks.

ITEM 4.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

ITEM 5.MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Our Class A common stock has traded on the NASDAQ under the symbol “RRR” since April 27, 2016. Prior to that date, there was no public market for our Class A common stock. The declaration, amount and payment of dividends on shares of Class A common stock are at the discretion of the board of directors, subject to legally available funds.

During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we declared and paid quarterly cash dividends totaling $1.00 per share to Class A common stockholders. In addition, in December 2022, we paid a special cash dividend of $1.00 per share to Class A common stockholders.

On February 7, 2024, we announced that our board of directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.25 per share of Class A common stock, to be paid on March 29, 2024 to shareholders of record as of March 15, 2024. In addition, on February 7, 2024, we announced that we would pay a special cash dividend of $1.00 per share of Class A common stock, to be paid on March 4, 2024, to shareholders of record as of February 22, 2024.

The declaration, amount and payment of any future dividends on shares of Class A common stock will be at the sole discretion of our board of directors and we may reduce or discontinue entirely the payment of such dividends at any time. Our board of directors may take into account general and economic conditions, our financial condition and operating results, our available cash and current and anticipated cash needs, capital requirements, contractual, legal, tax and regulatory restrictions and implications on the payment of dividends by us to our stockholders or by our subsidiaries to us, and such other factors as our board of directors may deem relevant. See Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about dividends.

At February 15, 2024, there were 11 holders of record of our Class A common stock, although we believe there are a significantly larger number of beneficial owners of our Class A common stock because many shares are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of stockholders.

During the three months ended December 31, 2023 we repurchased 860 shares of Class A common stock at an average price paid per share of $41.88, related to shares withheld in satisfaction of tax withholding obligations on vested restricted stock.

Our board of directors has authorized $600 million for repurchases of Class A common stock under our equity repurchase program through June 30, 2024. The Company made no repurchases during the three months ended December 31, 2023 under the program. At December 31, 2023, the remaining amount authorized for repurchases under the program was $312.9 million.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities—None.

The following graph for the period beginning on December 31, 2018 and ending on December 31, 2023 compares the cumulative total stockholder return on our Class A common stock with the cumulative total return on the Standard & Poor’s MidCap 400 Index (“S&P MidCap 400”) and the Standard & Poor’s Composite 1500 Casinos & Gaming Index (“S&P Composite 1500 Casinos & Gaming”).

Past stock price performance is not necessarily indicative of future results. The performance graph should not be deemed filed or incorporated by reference into any other of our filings under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Exchange Act of 1934, unless we specifically incorporate the performance graph by reference therein.

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data within this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Red Rock was formed as a Delaware corporation in 2015 to own an indirect equity interest in, and manage, Station Casinos LLC, a Nevada limited liability company (“Station LLC”). Station LLC is a gaming, development and management company established in 1976 that owns and operates seven major gaming and entertainment facilities and ten smaller casinos (three of which are 50% owned) in the Las Vegas regional market. In December 2023, we opened Durango at the intersection of Durango Drive and Interstate 215 in the southwest Las Vegas valley, and in February 2023, we opened our tenth smaller casino, Wildfire Fremont. As of December 31, 2023, we offered 16,333 slot machines, 317 table games and 3,030 hotel rooms in the Las Vegas market. In 2022, we permanently closed our Texas Station, Fiesta Henderson, Fiesta Rancho and Wild Wild West properties. A subsidiary of Station LLC also previously managed Graton Resort in northern California on behalf of a Native American tribe through February 5, 2021.

We own all of the outstanding voting interests in Station LLC and have an indirect equity interest in Station LLC through our ownership of limited liability company interests in Station Holdco (“LLC Units”), which owns all of the economic interests in Station LLC. At December 31, 2023, we held 58% of the economic interests and 100% of the voting power in Station Holdco, subject to certain limited exceptions, and we are designated as the sole managing member of both Station Holdco and Station LLC. We control and operate all of the business and affairs of Station Holdco and Station LLC, and conduct all of our operations through these entities. Other than assets and liabilities related to income taxes and the tax receivable agreement, our only material assets are our equity interest in Station Holdco, our voting interest in Station LLC and a note receivable from Station LLC. We have no operations outside of our management of Station Holdco and Station LLC.

Our Consolidated Financial Statements reflect the consolidation of Station LLC and its consolidated subsidiaries, and Station Holdco. The financial position and results of operations attributable to LLC Units we do not own are reported separately as noncontrolling interest.

Our principal source of revenue and operating income is gaming, and our non-gaming offerings include restaurants, hotels and other entertainment amenities. Approximately 80% to 85% of our casino revenue is generated from slot play. The majority of our revenue is cash-based and as a result, fluctuations in our revenues have a direct impact on our cash flows from operations. Because our business is capital intensive and we utilize debt to fund many of our capital initiatives, we rely heavily on the ability of our properties to generate operating cash flow to repay debt financing and fund capital expenditures.

A significant portion of our business is dependent upon customers who live and/or work in the Las Vegas metropolitan area. As of December 2023, the unemployment rate in the Las Vegas metropolitan area was 5.3%, down from 5.4% in December 2022. Statewide, the unemployment rate for December 2023 was 5.4%, as compared to 5.2% in December 2022. The median price of an existing single-family home in Las Vegas was $449,900 at December 31, 2023 up 5.9% as compared to December 31, 2022, according to the Las Vegas Realtors®. In addition, Las Vegas remains one of the fastest growing metropolitan areas in the United States, posting a 2.1% growth rate in 2023. In light of uncertainty in the economic outlook stemming from inflation, higher interest rates, increased energy costs and increased geo-political and regional conflicts, we cannot predict whether the trend in unemployment or the trend in housing prices in the Las Vegas area will continue.

We have continued to experience favorable customer trends, including consistent visitation from our guests and strong spend per visit across the majority of our properties. These trends, in combination with our operational discipline and our focus on our core local guests, as well as regional and out of town guests, continued to drive consistent operating results in 2023. However, we cannot predict whether these trends will continue, nor can we predict the extent to which the impacts of inflation, increased energy costs and interest rate fluctuations may affect our business in the future.

We use certain key indicators to measure our performance.

•Slot handle, table game drop and race and sports write are measures of volume. Slot handle represents the dollar amount wagered in slot machines, and table game drop represents the total amount of cash and net markers issued that are deposited in table game drop boxes.

•Win represents the amount of wagers retained by us.

•Hold represents win as a percentage of slot handle, table game drop or race and sports write.

As our customers are primarily Las Vegas residents, our hold percentages are generally consistent from period to period. Fluctuations in our casino revenue are primarily due to the volume and spending levels of customers at our properties.

•Average guest check is a measure of food sales volume and product offerings at our restaurants, and represents the average amount spent per customer visit.

•Number of guests served is an indicator of volume.

•Occupancy is calculated by dividing occupied rooms, including complimentary rooms, by rooms available.

•Average daily rate (“ADR”) is calculated by dividing room revenue, which includes the retail value of complimentary rooms, by rooms occupied, including complimentary rooms.

•Revenue per available room is calculated by dividing room revenue by rooms available.

Information about our results of operations is included herein and in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

The following table presents information about our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to 2022 (dollars in thousands). Information about our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to 2021 can be found in Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on February 24, 2023.

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We view each of our Las Vegas casino properties as an individual operating segment. We aggregate all of our Las Vegas operating segments into one reportable segment because all of our Las Vegas properties offer similar products, cater to the same customer base, have the same regulatory and tax structure, share the same marketing programs, are directed by a centralized management structure and have similar economic characteristics. We also aggregate our Native American management activities into one reportable segment.

The results of operations for our Native American management segment are discussed in the section entitled Management Fee Revenue below and the results of operations of our Las Vegas operations are discussed in the remaining sections below.

Net Revenues. Net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023 increased by $60.3 million to $1.72 billion as compared to $1.66 billion for the year ended December 31, 2022. Contributing to our year over year increase is our Durango property which opened on December 5, 2023. We achieved year over year growth of 0.5%, 10.8%, 11.3% and 8.4% in casino revenue, food and beverage, room and other revenues, respectively. There was no revenue from our Native American management activity for the year ended December 31, 2023, resulting in a decrease in management fee revenue.

Operating Income. For the year ended December 31, 2023 our operating income was $558.7 million. For the year ended December 31, 2022 our operating income was $561.3 million and included the impact of impairment charges of $80.0 million related primarily to the permanent closure of our Texas Station, Fiesta Rancho and Fiesta Henderson properties in June 2022. Additional information about factors impacting our operating income is discussed below.

Casino.  Casino revenues increased by $6.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to 2022. For 2023, slot handle was consistent as compared to 2022, table games drop increased by 9.2% and race and sports write decreased by 3.8%. Our hold percentages for 2023 were consistent compared to 2022. Casino expenses increased by 5.2% for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to the prior year, primarily due to higher employee-related costs.

Food and Beverage.  Food and beverage includes revenue and expenses from restaurants, bars and catering. For the year ended December 31, 2023, food and beverage revenue increased by 10.8% as compared to 2022, primarily due to an increase in our catering and group business. For 2023, the average guest check increased by 6.1%, while the number of restaurant guests served decreased by 4.0% as compared to 2022. Food and beverage expenses for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to the prior year increased by 8.8%, primarily due to higher employee-related costs, associated catering costs and costs of sales.

Room. For the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to 2022, room revenues increased by 11.3% and room expenses increased by 5.9%. Room expenses were higher for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to 2022 commensurate with the higher revenues and increased occupancy.

Information about our hotel operations is presented below:

Our ADR improved by 10.9%, our revenue per available room improved by 16.8% and our occupancy rate improved by 4.4 percentage points for 2023 as compared to 2022 due to improved demand.

Other. Other primarily represents revenues from tenant leases, retail outlets, bowling, spas and entertainment and their corresponding expenses. For the year ended December 31, 2023, other revenues increased by 8.4% as compared to the prior year, primarily driven by leased outlets, bowling and spas. Other expenses were consistent as compared to the prior year.

Management Fee Revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2023, management fees represented fees earned from the management of our joint ventures. For the year ended December 31, 2022, management fees represented fees earned from our previous agreement with a Native American tribe to manage Graton Resort, as well as fees earned from the management of our joint ventures. We ceased to manage Graton Resort on February 5, 2021.

Selling, General and Administrative (“SG&A”).  SG&A expenses increased by 6.1% to $374.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to $353.0 million for the prior year. The increase in SG&A expenses as compared to the prior year was primarily due to higher employee-related costs, repairs and maintenance and utilities, partially offset by a decrease in legal expenses. As a percentage of net revenue, SG&A expenses for the year ended December 31, 2023 were effectively flat as compared to the prior year as we continued to focus on operational efficiencies and cost control.

Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2023 increased to $132.5 million as compared to $128.4 million for 2022. The increase for 2023 was primarily due to higher depreciation expense for development projects placed into service, including Durango, partially offset by a decrease in depreciation expense for the closed properties.

We ceased recognizing depreciation expense for Texas Station, Fiesta Rancho and Fiesta Henderson in June 2022 and Wild Wild West in September 2022.

Write-downs and other, net. Write-downs and other, net, include gains and losses on asset disposals, demolition and others costs associated with our closed properties, preopening and development expenses, business innovation and technology enhancements, contract termination costs and non-routine items. For the year ended December 31, 2023, write-downs and other, net was a loss of $32.0 million, comprising $53.4 million in preopening and development expenses, $10.1 million of demolition costs associated with the permanently closed properties, $4.0 million in business innovation development, and other, partially offset by net gains on land sales of $38.6 million. For the year ended December 31, 2022, write-downs and other, net was a gain of $47.7 million, comprising net gains on capital asset transactions of $79.0 million (including gains on land sales of $76.3 million), partially offset by preopening expense of $3.7 million for Durango, $9.3 million of demolition costs associated with the closed properties, $9.2 million in business innovation development, $6.7 million in artist performance agreement termination costs associated with Palms, and other.

Asset Impairment. There were no asset impairment charges for the year ended December 31, 2023. For the year ended December 31, 2022, we recognized asset impairment charges totaling $80.0 million, primarily to write off the facilities and certain related assets at Texas Station, Fiesta Rancho and Fiesta Henderson, which we permanently closed in June 2022.

Interest Expense, net.  The following table presents summarized information about our interest expense (amounts in thousands):

Interest expense, net, for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $181.0 million, an increase of 39.4% as compared to $129.9 million for 2022. The increase in interest expense, net was due to higher variable interest rates applicable to our credit facility as well increased borrowings under our revolving credit facility, primarily associated with the Durango development project. At December 31, 2023, $2.1 billion of borrowings under the credit agreements were based on variable interest rates, primarily the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), plus applicable margins of 1.50% to 2.25%, and the SOFR rate applicable to our outstanding SOFR-based borrowings was 5.46%. We expect that interest rates on our credit facility may continue to vary in response to macroeconomic conditions. Based on our outstanding borrowings at December 31, 2023, an assumed 1% increase in variable interest rates would cause our annual interest rate cost to increase by approximately $21.2 million. Additional information about our long-term debt is included in Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 represented the portion of net income attributable to the ownership interest in Station Holdco not held by us.

Provision for Income Tax. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we recognized income tax expense of $43.0 million and $44.5 million, respectively. Station Holdco is treated as a partnership for income tax reporting and Station Holdco’s members are liable for federal, state and local income taxes based on their share of Station Holdco’s taxable income. We are not liable for income tax on the noncontrolling interests’ share of Station Holdco’s taxable income or benefit from a taxable loss, and therefore our effective tax rate of 11.3% for the year ended December 31, 2023 was less than the statutory rate.

Adjusted EBITDA for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 for our two reportable segments and a reconciliation of our consolidated net income to Adjusted EBITDA are presented below (amounts in thousands). The Las Vegas operations segment includes all of our Las Vegas area casino properties and the Native American management segment includes our Native American management activities.

The year-over-year changes in Adjusted EBITDA were due to the factors described under Results of Operations above.

Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure that is presented solely as a supplemental disclosure. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA is a widely used measure of operating performance in our industry and is a principal basis for valuation of gaming companies. We believe that in addition to net income, Adjusted EBITDA is a useful financial performance measurement for assessing our operating performance because it provides information about the performance of our ongoing core operations. Adjusted EBITDA includes net income plus depreciation and amortization, share-based compensation, write-downs and other, net (including gains and losses on asset disposals, demolition costs, preopening and development, business innovation and technology enhancements, contract termination costs and non-routine items), asset impairment, interest expense, net, provision for income tax and other.

To evaluate Adjusted EBITDA and the trends it depicts, the components should be considered. Each of these components can significantly affect our results of operations and should be considered in evaluating our operating performance, and the impact of these components cannot be determined from Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA does not represent net income or cash flows from operating, investing or financing activities as defined by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and should not be considered as an alternative to net income as an indicator of our operating performance. Additionally, Adjusted EBITDA does not consider capital expenditures and other investing activities and should not be considered as a measure of our liquidity. It should be noted that not all gaming companies that report EBITDA or adjustments to this measure may calculate EBITDA or such adjustments in the same manner as we do, and therefore, our measure of Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other gaming companies.

The indentures governing the 4.50% Senior Notes and the 4.625% Senior Notes contain certain covenants that require Station LLC to furnish to the holders of the notes certain annual and quarterly financial information relating to Station LLC and its subsidiaries. The obligation to furnish such information may be satisfied by providing consolidated financial information of the Company along with additional disclosure explaining the differences between such information and the financial information of Station LLC and its subsidiaries on a standalone basis. The following financial information about the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries exclusive of Station LLC and its subsidiaries (the “Holding Company”), is furnished to explain the differences between the financial information of the Holding Company and the financial information of Station LLC and its subsidiaries for the periods presented in this report. The primary differences between the financial information of the Holding Company and that of Station LLC relate to income taxes, the liability associated with the tax receivable agreement (“TRA”) and a note receivable from Station LLC.

At December 31, 2023, the difference between the balance sheet for Station LLC and its consolidated subsidiaries and the balance sheet for the Holding Company is that the Holding Company had cash of $0.2 million, $14.4 million of income tax receivable, $43.4 million of deferred tax assets, net, and a $34.0 million note receivable from Station LLC, which are solely assets of the Holding Company, and liabilities that are solely the Holding Company’s, consisting of a $22.1 million liability under the TRA, of which $1.7 million is expected to be paid in the next twelve months and $3.3 million of other liabilities. The Holding Company’s $34.0 million intercompany note receivable from Station LLC is eliminated in consolidation. At December 31, 2022, the Holding Company had cash of $15.3 million, $75.7 million of deferred tax assets, net, $0.3 million of prepaid expenses, a $28.6 million liability under the TRA, of which $6.6 million was current, $1.7 million of other current liabilities and $1.8 million of other long-term liabilities.

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the difference between the statement of income for Station LLC and its consolidated subsidiaries and the statement of income for the Holding Company is that the Holding Company had a net loss of $42.0 million and $46.0 million, respectively, primarily representing provision for income tax.

The following financial condition, capital resources and liquidity discussion contains certain forward-looking statements with respect to our business, financial condition, results of operations, dispositions, acquisitions, expansion projects and issuances of debt and equity, which involve risks and uncertainties that cannot be predicted or quantified, and consequently, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied herein. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the risks described in Item 1A. Risk Factors.

At December 31, 2023, we had $137.6 million in cash and cash equivalents, and Station LLC’s borrowing availability under its revolving credit facility was $479.3 million, which was net of $512.0 million in outstanding borrowings and $39.8 million in outstanding letters of credit and similar obligations. Station LLC maintains its borrowing availability under its revolving credit facility, subject to continued compliance with the terms of the credit facility. See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information about our long-term debt.

Our primary capital requirements for the near term are expected to be related to the operation and maintenance of our properties, debt service payments, dividends and distributions. Our anticipated uses of cash for 2024 include (i) approximately $140.0 million to $180.0 million for capital expenditures, (ii) required principal and interest payments totaling $26.1 million and $217.9 million, respectively, on Station LLC’s indebtedness, (iii) dividends to our Class A common stockholders, and (iv) distributions to noncontrolling interest holders of Station Holdco, including “tax distributions”, which may be made quarterly when required and in amounts that may vary from quarter to quarter. Other payment obligations include salaries, wages and employee benefits, service contracts, property taxes, insurance, federal income taxes and other obligations.

At December 31, 2023, $2.1 billion of the borrowings under our credit agreements were based on variable rates, primarily SOFR. We cannot predict the SOFR or base rate interest rates that will be in effect in the future, and actual rates will vary, which will impact our interest cost. Based on our outstanding borrowings at December 31, 2023, an assumed 1% increase in variable interest rates would cause our annual interest cost to increase by approximately $21.2 million. See Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk for additional information.

In February 2025, our Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loan A with outstanding balances of $512.0 million and $153.6 million, respectively, will become due. We are currently in discussions with our lenders and we believe it is probable that these obligations will be refinanced on a long-term basis in 2024.

On February 7, 2024, we announced that Red Rock will pay a quarterly cash dividend of $0.25 per share of Class A common stock, to be paid on March 29, 2024 to shareholders of record as of March 15, 2024. Prior to the payment of the dividend, Station Holdco will make a cash distribution to all LLC Unit holders, including Red Rock, of $0.25 per LLC Unit, a portion of which will be paid to the other unit holders of Station Holdco. In addition, on February 7, 2024, we announced that Red Rock would pay a special cash dividend of $1.00 per share of Class A common stock, to be paid on March 4, 2024 to shareholders of record as of February 22, 2024. Prior to the payment of the special dividend, Station Holdco will make a cash distribution to all LLC Unit holders, including Red Rock, of $1.00 per unit, a portion of which will be paid to the other unit holders of Station Holdco.

We are obligated to make payments under the TRA, which is described in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. At December 31, 2023, such obligations with respect to previously consummated transactions totaled $22.1 million. Future payments in respect of any subsequent exchanges of LLC Units for Class A common stock would be in addition to these amounts and are expected to be substantial. The timing of payments under the TRA may vary. The payments that we are required to make will generally reduce the amount of overall cash that might have otherwise been available to us, but we expect the cash tax savings we will realize from the utilization of the related deferred tax assets to fund the required payments.

Our board of directors has authorized $600 million for repurchases of Class A common stock under our equity repurchase program through June 30, 2024. We are not obligated to repurchase any shares under the program. Subject to applicable laws and the provisions of any agreements restricting our ability to do so, repurchases may be made at our discretion from time to time through open market purchases, negotiated transactions or tender offers, depending on market conditions and other factors. We made no repurchases of Class A common stock during the year ended December 31, 2023 under the program. At December 31, 2023, we had $312.9 million of remaining repurchases authorized under the program. From time to time, we may also seek to repurchase our outstanding indebtedness. Any such purchases may be funded by existing cash balances or the incurrence of debt, including borrowings under our credit facility. The amount and timing of any repurchase will be based on business and market conditions, capital availability, compliance with debt covenants and other considerations.

We expect that cash on hand, cash generated from operations and, to the extent necessary, borrowings available under the existing credit facility and proceeds from the planned refinancing of our credit facility will be sufficient to fund our operations and capital requirements and service our outstanding indebtedness for the next twelve months and beyond. We regularly assess our projected cash requirements for capital expenditures, repayment of debt obligations, and payment of other general corporate and operational needs. In the long term, we expect that we will fund our capital requirements with a combination of cash generated from operations, borrowings under the credit facility and the issuance of debt or equity as market conditions may permit. However, our cash flow and ability to obtain debt or equity financing on terms that are satisfactory to us, or at all, may be affected by a variety of factors, including competition, general economic and business conditions and financial markets. As a result, we cannot provide any assurance that we will generate sufficient income and liquidity to meet all of our liquidity requirements or other obligations.

Following is a summary of our cash flow information (amounts in thousands):

Our operating cash flows primarily consist of operating income generated by our properties (excluding depreciation and other non-cash charges), interest paid and changes in working capital accounts such as inventories, prepaid expenses, receivables and payables. The majority of our revenue is generated from our slot machine and table game play, which is conducted primarily on a cash basis. Our food and beverage, room and other revenues are also primarily cash-based. As a result, fluctuations in our revenues have a direct impact on our cash flow from operations.

Net cash provided by operating activities for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 totaled $494.3 million and $542.2 million, respectively. Cash flow from operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 included $170.5 million in interest payments and $21.1 million cash paid for income taxes, compared to $120.2 million and $31.4 million, respectively, for the prior year period.

The continuation of favorable customer trends and our focus on cost control drove strong operating results in 2023. Information about our operating activities is presented within Results of Operations above.

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, cash paid for capital expenditures totaled $699.5 million and $328.6 million, respectively, including capital expenditures related to the Durango project. For the year ended December 31, 2023, cash inflows from investing activities included net cash proceeds of $52.2 million from the sale of our Texas Station and Fiesta Rancho land parcels. For the year ended December 31, 2022, cash inflows from investing activities included net cash proceeds of $118.1 million from the sale of land parcels in Las Vegas and Henderson. In addition, we paid $232.8 million during 2022 to purchase additional development land in the Las Vegas valley.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, we borrowed $476.5 million under the Revolving Credit Facility, and we paid $76.7 million in cash distributions to the noncontrolling interest holders of Station Holdco, $14.7 million related to tax withholding on share-based compensation and $58.6 million in dividends to holders of our Class A common stock.

For the year ended December 31, 2022, we paid $141.5 million to repurchase approximately 3.7 million shares of our Class A common stock in open market transactions, $152.4 million in cash distributions to the noncontrolling interest holders of Station Holdco and $116.7 million in cash dividends to holders of our Class A common stock, which included the payment of a special cash dividend of $1.00 per share in December 2022.

Certain customary covenants are included in both the credit agreement governing the credit facility and the indentures governing Station LLC’s senior notes that, among other things and subject to certain exceptions, restrict Station LLC’s ability and the ability of its restricted subsidiaries to incur or guarantee additional debt; create liens on collateral; engage in mergers, consolidations or asset dispositions; pay distributions; make investments, loans or advances; engage in certain transactions with affiliates or subsidiaries; engage in lines of business other than its core business and related businesses; or issue certain preferred units.

The credit facility also includes certain financial ratio covenants that Station LLC is required to maintain throughout the term of the credit facility, measured as of the end of each quarter. As most recently amended in February 2020, these financial ratio covenants include an interest coverage ratio of not less than 2.50 to 1.00 and a maximum consolidated total leverage ratio of 5.25 to 1.00 at December 31, 2023 and thereafter. A breach of the financial ratio covenants shall only become an event of default under the Term Loan B facility if the lenders providing the Term Loan A facility and the revolving credit facility take certain affirmative actions after the occurrence of a default of such financial ratio covenants. We believe Station LLC was in compliance with all applicable covenants at December 31, 2023.

At December 31, 2023, we had no variable interests in unconsolidated entities that provide off-balance sheet financing, liquidity, market risk or credit risk support, or that engage in leasing, hedging or research and development arrangements with us, nor did we have retained or contingent interests in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity. At December 31, 2023, we had outstanding letters of credit and similar obligations totaling $39.8 million.

Our business continues to experience the impact of inflation and higher interest rates and we expect the impact to continue in 2024. Commodity prices have increased and become more volatile, and we continue to experience price inflation in ordinary goods and services such as food costs, supplies, energy costs and construction costs. In addition, we have been impacted by a shortage of qualified workers which places additional upward pressure on wages and benefit costs as we seek to attract and retain qualified workers. We attempt to minimize the impact of inflation on our business by implementing cost controls, adjusting prices and optimizing our procurement strategy.

We have development and management agreements with the North Fork Rancheria of Mono Indians, a federally recognized Native American tribe located near Fresno, California, pursuant to which we will assist the Mono in developing, financing and operating a gaming and entertainment facility to be located on Highway 99 north of the city of Madera, California. See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

We are subject to extensive regulation by Nevada gaming authorities, as well as regulation by gaming authorities in the other jurisdictions in which we operate, including the NIGC and the California Gambling Control Commission. We will also be subject to regulation, which may or may not be similar to that in Nevada, by any other jurisdiction in which we may conduct gaming activities in the future. For a more complete description of our regulatory requirements, see Item 1. Business—Regulation and Licensing.

The gaming industry represents a significant source of tax revenue, particularly to the State of Nevada and its counties and municipalities. From time to time, various state and federal legislators and officials have proposed changes in tax law, or in the administration of such law, affecting the gaming industry. The Nevada legislature meets every two years for 120 days and when special sessions are called by the Governor, and is not currently in session. The most recent special legislative session ended on June 14, 2023. There are currently no specific legislative proposals to increase taxes on gaming revenue, but there are no assurances that an increase in taxes on gaming or other revenue will not be proposed and passed by the Nevada legislature in the future.

A description of our indebtedness is included in Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments that are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. Certain accounting estimates and assumptions may have a material impact on our financial statements due to the subjectivity and judgment involved and the susceptibility of such estimates and assumptions to change. We base our estimates on historical experience, information that is currently available to us and various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, and we evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis. Actual results may differ from our estimates, and such differences could have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements. Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Following is a discussion of our accounting policies that involve critical estimates and assumptions.

Our business is capital intensive and a significant portion of our capital is invested in property and equipment, finite-lived intangible assets and other long-lived assets. We review long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. We evaluate the recoverability of our long-lived assets by estimating the future cash flows the asset is expected to generate, and comparing these estimated cash flows, on an undiscounted basis, to the carrying amount of the asset. If the carrying amount is greater, the asset is considered to be impaired, and we recognize an impairment charge equal to the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. We test our long-lived assets for impairment at the reporting unit level, and each of our operating properties is considered a separate reporting unit.

Inherent in the calculation of fair values are various estimates and assumptions, including estimates of future cash flows expected to be generated by an asset or asset group. We base our cash flow estimates on the current regulatory, political and economic climates in the areas where we operate, recent operating information and projections for our properties. These estimates could be negatively impacted by changes in federal, state or local regulations, economic downturns, changes in consumer preferences, or events affecting various forms of travel and access to our properties. Future cash flow estimates are, by their nature, subjective and actual results may differ materially from our estimates. The most significant assumptions used in determining cash flow estimates include forecasts of future operating results, Adjusted EBITDA margins, tax rates, capital expenditures, working capital requirements, long-term growth rates and terminal year free cash flows. Cash flow estimates and their impact on fair value are sensitive to changes in many of these assumptions. If our estimates of future cash flows are not met, we may be required to record impairment charges in the future.

In 2022, we permanently closed our Texas Station, Fiesta Henderson, Fiesta Rancho and Wild Wild West properties. The closures were an indicator of potential impairment at those reporting units. Accordingly, we tested the long-lived assets of the reporting units for impairment by comparing each reporting unit’s estimated future undiscounted cash flows to its carrying amount. Our cash flow projections represented the expected net proceeds from the sale of the land and were based on market prices for similar assets.

Property and Equipment. At December 31, 2023, the carrying amount of our property and equipment was approximately $2.8 billion, which represents 70.1% of our total assets. We make estimates and assumptions when accounting for property and equipment. We compute depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, and our depreciation expense is dependent on the assumptions we make about the estimated useful lives of our assets. We estimate the useful lives of our property and equipment based on our experience with similar assets and our estimate of the usage of the asset. Whenever events or circumstances occur that change the estimated useful life of an asset, we account for the change prospectively. We must also make judgments about the capitalization of costs. Costs of major improvements are capitalized, while costs of normal repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. If an asset or asset group is disposed or retired before the end of its previously estimated useful life, we may be required to accelerate our depreciation expense or recognize a loss on disposal.

Goodwill. At December 31, 2023, our goodwill totaled $195.7 million, approximately 86.8% of which is associated with one of our properties. We test our goodwill for impairment annually as of October 1, and whenever events or circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that impairment may have occurred. Impairment testing for goodwill is performed at the reporting unit level, and we consider each of our operating properties to be a separate reporting unit.

When performing goodwill impairment testing, we either conduct a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired, or elect to bypass this qualitative assessment and perform a quantitative test for impairment. Under the qualitative assessment, we consider both positive and negative factors, including macroeconomic conditions, industry events, financial performance and other changes in facts and circumstances, and make a determination of whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of goodwill is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the qualitative factors, we determine it is more likely than not the asset is impaired, we then perform a quantitative test in which the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is compared with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the excess, limited to the amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. As of our most recent quantitative test performed at October 1, 2020, the estimated fair value of each of our properties with goodwill exceeded its respective carrying value by a substantial amount. We performed qualitative tests at October 1, 2023 and 2022 given the continued improvement in our operating results since our last quantitative test.

When performing the quantitative test, we estimate the fair value of each reporting unit using the expected present value of future cash flows along with value indications based on our current valuation multiple and multiples of comparable publicly traded companies. The estimation of fair value requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions, including estimating expected future cash flows and selecting appropriate discount rates, valuation multiples and market comparables. Application of alternative estimates and assumptions could produce different results.

If the fair value of any of our properties with goodwill should decline in the future, we may be required to recognize a goodwill impairment charge, which could be material. A property’s fair value may decline as a result of a decrease in the property’s actual or projected operating results or changes in other assumptions and judgments used in the estimation process, including the discount rate and market multiple.

Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets. Our indefinite-lived intangible assets primarily represent the value of our brands. At December 31, 2023, the carrying amount of our indefinite-lived intangible assets totaled $76.5 million. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized unless management determines that their useful life is no longer indefinite. We test our indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually as of October 1, and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an asset may be impaired, by comparing the carrying amount of the asset to its estimated fair value. If the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its estimated fair value, we recognize an impairment charge equal to the excess. We estimate the fair value of our brands using a derivation of the income approach to valuation based on the present value of estimated royalties avoided through ownership of the assets. The fair values of our indefinite-lived intangible assets are subject to change as a result of changes in projected operating results. Accordingly, any decrease in the projected operating results of a property could require us to recognize an impairment charge, which could be material.

Native American Development Costs. We incur certain costs associated with our development and management agreements with Native American tribes that are reimbursable by the tribes. The reimbursable costs are recognized as long-term assets as incurred, and primarily include advances associated with the acquisition of land and development of the tribal gaming facility. We earn interest on the reimbursable advances. The repayment of the advances and the related interest may come from the proceeds of the gaming facility’s third-party financing, from cash flows generated from the gaming facility’s operations, or from a combination of both, and the repayment is typically subordinated to debt service obligations under the gaming facility’s third-party financing. Due to the uncertainty surrounding the timing and amount of the repayment, we do not recognize interest on the advances until the carrying amount of the advances has been recovered and the interest is received. Accordingly, the recoverability of our development costs is highly dependent upon the tribe’s success in obtaining third-party financing and our ability to operate the project successfully upon its completion. Our evaluation of the recoverability of our Native American development costs requires us to apply a significant amount of judgment.

We evaluate the recoverability of our Native American development costs taking into consideration all available information. Among other things, we consider the status of the project, the impact of contingencies, the achievement of milestones, existing or potential litigation, and regulatory matters when evaluating the recoverability of our Native American development costs. We estimate the future cash flows of a Native American development project based on consideration of all positive and negative evidence about its cash flow potential including, but not limited to, the likelihood that the project will be successfully completed, the status of required approvals, and the status and timing of the construction of the project, as well as current and projected economic, political, regulatory and competitive conditions that may adversely impact the project’s operating results. In certain circumstances, we may discontinue funding of a project due to a revision of its expected potential, or otherwise determine that our advances are not recoverable and as a result, we may be required to write off the entire carrying amount of our advances.

We are defendants in various lawsuits relating to routine matters incidental to our business and we assess the potential for any lawsuits or claims brought against us on an ongoing basis. For ongoing litigation and potential claims, we use judgment in determining the probability of loss and whether a reasonable estimate of loss, if any, can be made. We accrue a liability when we believe a loss is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. As the outcome of litigation is inherently uncertain, it is possible that certain matters may be resolved for materially different amounts than previously accrued or disclosed.

We are taxed as a corporation and pay corporate federal, state and local taxes on income allocated to us by Station Holdco. Station Holdco operates as a partnership for federal, state and local tax reporting and holds 100% of the economic interests in Station LLC. The members of Station Holdco are liable for any income taxes resulting from income allocated to them by Station Holdco as a pass-through entity.

We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the differences between the book value of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and those amounts applicable for income tax purposes using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Deferred tax assets represent future tax deductions or credits. Realization of the deferred tax assets ultimately depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character in either the carryback or carryforward period.

Each reporting period, we analyze the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be realized. A valuation allowance is recorded if, based on the weight of all available positive and negative evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion, or all, of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. If we subsequently determine that there is sufficient evidence to indicate a deferred tax asset will be realized, the associated valuation allowance is reversed. On an annual basis, we perform a comprehensive analysis of all forms of positive and negative evidence based on year end results. During each interim period, we update our annual analysis for significant changes in the positive and negative evidence.

We record uncertain tax positions on the basis of a two-step process in which (1) we determine whether it is more likely than not the tax positions will be sustained on the basis of the technical merits of the position, and (2) for those tax positions meeting the more likely than not recognition threshold, we recognize the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority. We do not believe that we have any tax positions for which it is reasonably possible that we will be required to record a significant liability for unrecognized tax benefits within the next twelve months.

ITEM 7A.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Market risk is the risk of loss arising from adverse changes in market rates and prices, such as interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices.

Our primary exposure to market risk is interest rate risk associated with our long-term debt. We evaluate our exposure to market risk by monitoring interest rates in the marketplace. We attempt to limit our exposure to interest rate risk by managing the mix of our long-term and short-term borrowings and we may use interest rate swaps to limit cash flow variability on a portion of our variable-rate debt. Borrowings under our credit agreements bear interest at a margin above SOFR or base rate (each as defined in the credit agreements) as selected by us. The total amount of outstanding borrowings is expected to fluctuate and may be reduced from time to time.

Beginning in July 2023, the interest rate per annum applicable to loans under our credit facility is, at our option, either SOFR plus a margin or a base rate plus a margin. The interest rate on our SOFR-based loans was previously based on LIBOR, which was discontinued on June 30, 2023.

At December 31, 2023, $2.1 billion of the borrowings under our credit agreements were based on variable rates, primarily SOFR, plus applicable margins of 1.50% to 2.25%, and the SOFR rate applicable to our outstanding SOFR-based borrowings under our credit facility was 5.46%. The weighted-average interest rates for variable-rate debt shown in the long-term debt table below were calculated using the rates in effect at December 31, 2023. We cannot predict the SOFR or base rate interest rates that will be in effect in the future, and actual rates will vary. Based on our outstanding borrowings at December 31, 2023, an assumed 1% increase in variable interest rates would cause our annual interest cost to increase by approximately $21.2 million. A portion of our variable interest rate debt will become due in February 2025. We believe it is probable that these obligations will be refinanced on a long-term basis in 2024.

Following is information about future principal maturities of our long-term debt and the related weighted-average contractual interest rates in effect at December 31, 2023 (dollars in millions):

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(a)    Based on variable interest rates and margins in effect at December 31, 2023.

Additional information about our long-term debt is included in Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

ITEM 8.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Red Rock Resorts, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a)2 (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework), and our report dated February 21, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2015.