MARCH 31, 2025

    

Interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position

Interim Consolidated Statements of Income by Function

Interim Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

Interim Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

Interim Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Direct Method

Notes to the Interim Consolidated Financial Statements

CLP    -    CHILEAN PESO

UF    -    CHILEAN UNIDAD DE FOMENTO

ARS    -    ARGENTINE PESO

US$    -    UNITED STATES DOLLAR

THUS$    -    THOUSANDS OF UNITED STATES DOLLARS

MUS$    -    MILLIONS OF UNITED STATES DOLLARS

COP    -    COLOMBIAN PESO

BRL/R$    -    BRAZILIAN REAL

THR$ - THOUSANDS OF BRAZILIAN REAL Contents of the Notes to the interim consolidated financial statements of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and Subsidiaries.

PYG        -     PARAGUAYAN GUARANI

Notes      Page

1 - General information..................................................................................................................................    1

2 - Summary of significant accounting policies ............................................................................................    5

2.1. Basis of Preparation ...........................................................................................................................    5

2.2. Basis of Consolidation ......................................................................................................................    6

2.3. Foreign currency transactions ...........................................................................................................    6

2.4. Property, plant and equipment ..........................................................................................................    8

2.5. Intangible assets other than goodwill ..................................................................................................8

2.6. Borrowing costs ................................................................................................................................    8

2.7. Losses for impairment of non-financial assets .................................................................................    9

2.8. Financial assets .................................................................................................................................    9

2.9. Derivative financial instruments and embedded derivatives ............................................................    9

2.10. Inventories.......................................................................................................................................    11

2.11. Trade and other accounts receivable ..............................................................................................    11

2.12. Cash and cash equivalents ..............................................................................................................    11

2.13. Capital .............................................................................................................................................    11

2.14. Trade and other accounts payables .................................................................................................    11

2.15. Interest-bearing loans ......................................................................................................................    11

2.16. Current and deferred taxes ..............................................................................................................    12

2.17. Employee benefits ..........................................................................................................................    13

2.18. Provisions .......................................................................................................................................    13

2.19. Revenue from contracts with customers .........................................................................................    14

2.20. Leases .............................................................................................................................................    15

2.21. Non-current assets (or disposal groups) classified as held for sale.................................................    16

2.22. Maintenance ....................................................................................................................................    16

2.23. Environmental costs ........................................................................................................................    16

3 - Financial risk management .....................................................................................................................    16

3.1. Financial risk factors ........................................................................................................................    16

3.2. Capital risk management ..................................................................................................................    29

3.3. Estimates of fair value ......................................................................................................................    29

4 - Accounting estimates and judgments......................................................................................................    31

5 - Segment information ..............................................................................................................................    34

6 - Cash and cash equivalents ......................................................................................................................    35

7 - Financial instruments .............................................................................................................................    36

8 - Trade and other accounts receivable current, and non-current accounts receivable ..............................    37

9 - Accounts receivable from/payable to related entities ............................................................................    39

10 - Inventories ............................................................................................................................................    40

11 - Other financial assets ...........................................................................................................................    41

12 - Other non-financial assets ....................................................................................................................    42

13 - Non-current assets and disposal group classified as held for sale.........................................................    43

14 - Investments in subsidiaries ..................................................................................................................    44

15 - Intangible assets other than goodwill ...................................................................................................    47

16 - Property, plant and equipment ..............................................................................................................    49

17 - Current and deferred tax .......................................................................................................................    54

18 - Other financial liabilities ......................................................................................................................    59

19 - Trade and other accounts payables .......................................................................................................    67

20 - Other provisions....................................................................................................................................    69

21 - Other non financial liabilities ...............................................................................................................    70

22 - Employee benefits ................................................................................................................................    71

23 - Accounts payable, non-current ............................................................................................................    75

24 - Equity ...................................................................................................................................................    75

25 - Revenue ................................................................................................................................................    81

26 - Costs and expenses by nature ...............................................................................................................    82

27 - Other income, by function ...................................................................................................................    83

28 - Foreign currency and exchange rate differences .................................................................................    84

29 - Earnings per share................................................................................................................................    90

30 - Contingencies .....................................................................................................................................    91

31 - Commitments .....................................................................................................................................    113

32 - Transactions with related parties ......................................................................................................    116

33 - Share based payments .......................................................................................................................    117

34 - Statement of cash flows ......................................................................................................................    121

35 - The environment ................................................................................................................................    124

36 - Events subsequent to the date of the financial statements ..................................................................    127

INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME BY FUNCTION

INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - DIRECT METHOD

AS OF MARCH 31, 2025 (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 1 - GENERAL INFORMATION

LATAM Airlines Group S.A. (“LATAM” or the "Company") is an open stock company which holds the values inscribed in the Registro de Valores of the Commission for the Financial Market, whose shares are listed in Chile on the Electronic Stock Exchange of Chile - Stock Exchange and the Santiago Stock Exchange. Additionally, during the third quarter of 2024, it relisted its American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs") on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") in the United States of America.

Its main business is the air transport of passengers and cargo, both in the domestic markets of Chile, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador and Brazil, as well as in a series of regional and international routes in America, Europe, Africa, Asia and Oceania . These businesses are developed directly or by its subsidiaries in Chile, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Colombia and Paraguay. In addition, the Company has subsidiaries that operate in the cargo business in Chile, Brazil and Colombia.

The Company is located in Chile, in the city of Santiago, on Avenida Presidente Riesco No. 5711, Las Condes commune.

As of March 31, 2025, the Company's statutory capital is represented by 604,441,789,335 ordinary shares without nominal value. As of that date, 604,437,877,587 shares were subscribed and paid. The foregoing, considering the capital increase approved by the shareholders of the company at an extraordinary meeting held on July 5, 2022, in the context of the implementation of its reorganization plan approved and confirmed in the Chapter 11 Proceedings, as well as the Capital decrease required for the Chilean Capital Markets law that appears in a public deed dated September 6, 2023, granted at the Notaría of Santiago of Mr. Eduardo Javier Diez Morello, and the modification of the Company's bylaws to account for said full capital reduction, agreed at an Extraordinary Shareholders meeting dated April 25, 2024, reduced to a public deed dated April 25, 2024, granted in the Notary of Santiago of Mr. Luis Eduardo Rodriguez Burr, an extract of which was registered in the Commercial Registry of the Registrar of Real Estate of Santiago on page 44,323 number 18,314 corresponding to the year 2024, and was published in the Official Gazette dated May 29, 2024.

The major shareholders of the Company, considering the total amount of subscribed and paid shares, are Banco de Chile on behalf of State Street which owns 26.36%, Delta Air Lines with 10.05% and Qatar Airways with 10.03% ownership.

As of March 31, 2025, the Company had a total of 2,132 shareholders in its registry. At that date, approximately 21.45% of the Company's capital stock was in the form of ADRs.

During 2025, the Company had an average of 38,827 employees, ending this year with a total of 39,005 collaborator, distributed in 5,347 Administration employees, 19,747 in Operations, 9,328 Cabin Crew and 4,583 Command crew.

The main subsidiaries included in these consolidated financial statements are as follows:

a)Percentage ownership

(*)      These subsidiaries have no operations.

(**)     As of March 31, 2025, the indirect participation percentage of TAM S.A. and its Subsidiaries is from Holdco I S.A., a company which LATAM Airlines Group S.A. has a 100% share on economic rights and 51.04% of political rights. Its percentage arose as a result of the provisional measure No. 863 of the Brazilian government implemented in December of 2018 that allows foreign capital to have up to 100% of the share ownership of a Brazilian Airline.

b)Financial Information

(*)    The Equity reported corresponds to Equity attributable to owners of the parent company, it does not include Non-controlling participation.

In addition, the following special purpose entities have been consolidated: (1) Chercán Leasing Limited, intended to finance advance payments of aircraft; (2) Yamasa Sangyo Aircraft LA1 Kumiai, Yamasa Sangyo Aircraft LA2 Kumiai; and (3) Jun Shan 16, earmarked for aircraft financing. These companies have been consolidated as required by IFRS 10.

All entities over which LATAM has control have been included in the consolidation. The Company has analyzed the control criteria in accordance with the requirements of IFRS 10.

Changes occurred in the consolidation perimeter between January 1, 2024 and March 31, 2025, are detailed below:

(1)Incorporation or acquisition of companies

-On March 18, 2024, a capital reduction was carried out in Inversiones Aéreas S.A. through the absorption of accumulated losses in the sum of ThUS$175,140. As a consequence of this decrease in capital, the number of shares was reduced by 6,634,496, without modifying the original participation of its shareholders. This transaction did not generate any effect within the Consolidated Financial Statements.

-On May 14, 2024, a capital increase was carried out in Aerovías de Integración Regional S.A. by Holdco Colombia I SpA, for an amount of ThUS$45,271, equivalent to 10 shares and with a premiums for the issuance of shares in favor of the Holco Colombia I SpA. As a result of this increase, there were no significant changes in the shareholder composition.

-On September 17, 2024, LATAM Airlines Group S.A acquired in 1 Euro, 100% of the rights of the company Faisán Finance Designates Activity Company, domiciled in Ireland, for the purposes of acquiring, managing, financing, refinancing, among others.

-On November 8, 2024, the Board of Directors of the subsidiary Connecta Corporation agreed the distribution and payment of dividends of ThUS$19,000 to Lan Cargo S.A., as sole shareholder. This transaction did not generate any effect within the Consolidated Financial Statements.

-At the Extraordinary General Shareholders' Meeting held on December 16, 2024 of the subsidiary Lan Argentina S.A., it was agreed to forgive the debt associated with the preferred dividends accrued and owed by this subsidiary to its shareholders, and to amend the company statute to eliminate the Class "B" Preferred Shares, replacing them in their entirety with ordinary shares. Accrued preferred dividends that were outstanding to shareholders amounted to ThUS$1,019 as of December 15, 2024. At this same Meeting, it was approved to amend the company statute to replace all preferred shares with ordinary shares, with the accrual of preferred dividends being null and void as of this date. This transaction did not generate any effect within the Consolidated Financial Statements.

-At the Extraordinary General Shareholders' Meeting held on December 16, 2024, of the subsidiary Inversora Cordillera S.A., it was agreed to forgive the debt associated with the preferred dividends accrued and owed by said subsidiary to its shareholders, and to amend the company statute to eliminate the Class "A" Preferred Shares, replacing them in their entirety with ordinary shares. The accumulated preferred dividends that were pending payment to shareholders amounted to ThUS$8,580. At this same Meeting, it was approved to amend the company statute to eliminate and replace preferred shares with ordinary shares, with the accrual of preferred dividends being null and void as of this date. This transaction did not generate any effect within the Consolidated Financial Statements.

-On December 17, 2024, a capital increase was carried out in Aerovías de Integración Regional S.A. by Holdco Colombia I SpA, for an amount of ThUS$18,544, equivalent to 10 shares and with a premiums for the issuance of shares in favor of the Holco Colombia I SpA. As a result of this increase, there were no significant changes in the shareholder composition.

-On January 27, 2025, Transportes Aéreos del Mercosur S.A. approved the distribution of total dividends for an amount of ThUS$6,056 (ThUS$5,752 paid to TAM S.A. and ThUS$304 paid to a non-controlling interest), corresponding to profits for the 2024 financial year. Consequently, there were no significant changes in the shareholding composition related to this dividend distribution.

-On February 3, 2025, a capital increase was made in Americonsult de Costa Rica S.A., through a the contribution of Americonsult, S.A. de C.V. of accounts receivable for ThUS$489; consequently, there were no significant changes in the shareholding composition, and therefore, did not generate any effect within the Consolidated Financial Statements.

-On February 28, 2025, a capital reduction was carried out at TAM S.A. through the absorption of accumulated losses and legal reserves, in the amount of ThUS$670,075. This transaction did not generate any impact effect within the Consolidated Financial Statements.

-On February 28, 2025, a capital reduction was carried out at TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. through the absorption of accumulated losses and legal reserves, in the amount of ThUS$695,701. This transaction did not generate any impact effect within the Consolidated Financial Statements.

-On March 17, 2025, a capital reduction was carried out at Inversora Cordillera S.A. through the absorption of losses in the amount of ThUS$4,542. Consequently, there were no significant changes in the shareholding composition, and therefore, did not generate any impact effect within the Consolidated Financial Statements.

-On March 31, 2025, the clousure of Laser Cargo S.R.L., did not generate any impact effect within the Consolidated Financial Statements.

NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The following describes the principal accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements.

2.1.    Basis of Preparation

These consolidated financial statements of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and Subsidiaries as of March 31, 2025 and for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, have been prepared in accordance with International Accounting Standard 34 (IAS 34), Interim Financial Reporting, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the historic-cost criterion, although modified by the valuation at fair value of certain financial instruments.

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to use its judgment in applying the Company’s accounting policies. Note 4 describe the areas that imply a greater degree of judgment or complexity or the areas where the assumptions and estimates are significant to the consolidated financial statements.

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the accounting policies used by the Company in the preparation of the 2024 consolidated financial statements, except for the standards and interpretations adopted as of January 1, 2025.

(a)Application of new standards for the year 2025:

Accounting pronouncements with implementation effective from January 1, 2025:

The application of these accounting standards as of January 1, 2025, had no significant effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

(b)     Accounting pronouncements not in force for the financial year beginning on January 1, 2025:

The Company's management is evaluating the impacts that the application of IFRS 18 Presentation and disclosures in the financial statements; and the amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7 may have on the consolidated financial statements. It is estimated that the adoption of the amendments to IFRS 19 Subsidiaries without Public Liability: Disclosures, will not have significant effects on the company's consolidated financial statements in the year of its first adoption.

2.2.    Basis of Consolidation    

(a)    Subsidiaries

Subsidiaries are all the entities (including special-purpose entities) over which the Company has the power to control the financial and operating policies, which are generally accompanied by a holding of more than half of the voting rights. In evaluating whether the Company controls another entity, the existence and effect of potential voting rights that are currently exercisable or convertible at the date of the consolidated financial statements are considered. The subsidiaries are consolidated from the date on which control is passed to the Company and they are excluded from the consolidation on the date they cease to be so controlled. The results and cash are incorporated from the date of acquisition.

Balances, transactions and unrealized gains on transactions between the Company’s entities are eliminated. Unrealized losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment loss of the asset transferred. When necessary, in order to ensure uniformity with the policies adopted by the Company, the accounting policies of the subsidiaries are modified.

To account for and identify the financial information to be disclosed when carrying out a business combination, such as the acquisition of an entity by the Company, the acquisition method provided for in IFRS 3: Business combinations is used.

(b)    Transactions with non-controlling interests

The Group applies the policy of considering transactions with non-controlling interests, when not related to the loss of control, as equity transactions without an effect on income.

(c)    Sales of subsidiaries

When a subsidiary is sold and a percentage of participation is not retained, the Company derecognizes the assets and liabilities of the subsidiary, the non-controlling interest and other components of equity related to the subsidiary. Any gain or loss resulting from the loss of control is recognized in the consolidated income statement by function within Other gains/(losses).

If LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and Subsidiaries retain an ownership of participation in the disposed subsidiary which does not represent control, this is recognized at fair value on the date that control is lost and the amounts previously recognized in Other comprehensive income are accounted as if the Company had disposed directly the assets and related liabilities, which can cause these amounts to be reclassified to profit or loss. The percentage retained valued at fair value is subsequently accounted using the equity method.

(d)    Investees or associates

Investees or associates are all entities over which LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and Subsidiaries have significant influence but have no control. This usually arises from holding between 20% and 50% of the voting rights. Investments in associates are booked using the equity method and are initially recognized at their cost.

2.3.    Foreign currency transactions

(a)    Presentation and functional currencies

    

The items included in the financial statements of each of the entities of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and its Subsidiaries are valued using the currency of the main economic environment in which the entity operates (the functional currency). The functional currency of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. is the United States Dollar, which is also the presentation currency of the consolidated financial statements of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and Subsidiaries.

(b)    Transactions and balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated to the functional currency using the exchange rates on the transaction dates. When there is no exchangeability between two currencies on the measurement date, the spot exchange rate on that date will be estimated. Foreign currency gains and losses resulting from the liquidation of these transactions and from the translation at the closing exchange rates of the monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are shown in the consolidated statement of income by function except when deferred in Other comprehensive income as qualifying cash flow hedges.

(c)    Adjustment due to hyperinflation

After July 1, 2018, the Argentine economy was considered, for purposes of IFRS Accounting Standards, hyperinflationary. The consolidated financial statements of the subsidiaries whose functional currency is the Argentine Peso have been restated.

The non-monetary items of the statement of financial position as well as the income statement, comprehensive income and cash flows of the group's entities, whose functional currency corresponds to a hyperinflationary economy, are adjusted for inflation and re-expressed in accordance with the variation of the consumer price index ("CPI"), at each presentation date of its financial statements. The re-expression of non-monetary items is made from the date of initial recognition in the statements of financial position and considering that the financial statements are prepared under the historical cost criterion.

Net losses or gains arising from the re-expression of non-monetary ítems and income and costs are recognized in the consolidated income statement under "Result of indexation units".

Net gains and losses on the re-expression of opening balances due to the initial application of IAS 29 were recognized in the consolidated retained earnings.

Re-expression due to hyperinflation will be recorded until the period or exercise in which the economy of the entity ceases to be considered as a hyperinflationary economy. At that time, the adjustments made by hyperinflation will be part of the cost of non-monetary assets and liabilities.

The comparative amounts in the consolidated financial statements of the Company are presented in a stable currency and are not adjusted for subsequent changes in the price level or exchange rates.

(d)    Group entities

The results and the financial situation of the Group's entities, whose functional currency is different from the presentation currency of the consolidated financial statements, of LATAM Airlines Group S.A., which does not correspond to the currency of a hyperinflationary economy, are converted into the currency of presentation as follows:

(i)    Assets and liabilities of each consolidated statement of financial position presented are translated at the closing exchange rate on the consolidated statement of financial position date;

(ii)    The revenues and expenses of each income statement account are translated at the exchange rates prevailing on the transaction dates, and

(iii)    All the resultant exchange differences by conversion are shown as a separate component in other comprehensive income, within "Gains/(losses) for currency translation differences income (losses) on currency translation, before tax".

For those subsidiaries of the group whose functional currency is different from the presentation currency and corresponds to the currency of a hyperinflationary economy; its restated results, cash flow and financial situation are converted to the presentation currency at the closing exchange rate on the date of the consolidated financial statements.

The exchange rates used correspond to those fixed in the country where the subsidiary is located, whose functional currency is different to the U.S. dollar.

2.4.    Property, plant and equipment

The land of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and its Subsidiaries, are recognized at cost less any accumulated impairment loss. The rest of the Property, plant and equipment are recorded, both at their initial recognition and their subsequent measurement, at their historical cost, restated for inflation when appropriate, less the corresponding depreciation and any loss due to impairment.

The amounts of advances paid to the aircraft manufacturers are capitalized by the Company under Construction in progress until they are received.

Subsequent costs (replacement of components, improvements, extensions, etc.) are included in the value of the initial asset or are recognized as a separate asset, only when it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the elements of property, plant and equipment, will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be determined reliably. The value of the replaced component is written off. The rest of the repairs and maintenance are charged to income when they are incurred.

The depreciation of the Property, plant and equipment is calculated using the linear method over their estimated technical useful lives; except in the case of certain technical components which are depreciated on the basis of cycles and hours flown. This charge is recognized in the captions "Cost of sale" and "Administrative expenses".

The residual value and the useful life of assets are reviewed and adjusted, if necessary, once a year. Useful lives are detailed in Note 16 (d).

When the value of an asset exceeds its estimated recoverable amount, its value is immediately reduced to its recoverable amount.

Losses and gains from the sale of property, plant and equipment are calculated by comparing the consideration with the book value and are included in the consolidated statement of income.

2.5.    Intangible assets other than goodwill

(a)     Airport slots and Loyalty program

Airport slots and the Loyalty program correspond to intangible assets with indefinite useful lives and are annually tested for impairment as an integral part of the CGU Air Transport.

Airport Slots correspond to an administrative authorization to carry out operations of arrival and departure of aircraft, at a specific airport, within a certain period of time.

The Loyalty program corresponds to the system of accumulation and exchange of miles that is part of TAM Linhas Aereas S.A.

(b)    Computer software

Licenses for computer software acquired are capitalized on the basis of the costs incurred in acquiring them and preparing them for using the specific software. These costs are amortized over their estimated useful lives, for which the Company has defined useful lives between 3 and 10 years.

Expenses related to the development or maintenance of computer software which do not qualify for capitalization, are shown as an expense when incurred. The personnel costs and other costs directly related to the production of unique and identifiable computer software controlled by the Company, are shown as intangible Assets other than Goodwill when they have met all the criteria for capitalization.

2.6.    Borrowing costs

Interest costs incurred for the construction of any qualified asset are capitalized over the time necessary for completing and preparing the asset for its intended use. Other interest costs are recognized in the consolidated statement of income by function when accrued.

2.7.    Losses for impairment of non-financial assets

Intangible assets that have an indefinite useful life and IT projects under development are not subject to amortization and are subject to annual impairment testing or if there are indications of impairment, as an integral part of the Air Transport CGU. Assets subject to amortization are tested for impairment losses whenever any event or change in circumstances indicates that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized for the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the fair value of an asset less the costs of sale or the value in use, whichever is greater. For the purpose of evaluating impairment losses, assets are grouped at the lowest level for which there are largely independent cash inflows (cash generating unit. Non-financial assets, other than goodwill, that would have suffered an impairment loss are reviewed if there are indicators of reversal of losses. Impairment losses are recognized in the consolidated statement of income by function under "Other gains (losses)".

2.8.    Financial assets    

The Company classifies its financial assets in the following categories: at fair value (either through other comprehensive income, or through gains or losses), and at amortized cost. The classification depends on the business model of the entity to manage the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.

The group reclassifies debt investments when, and only when, it changes its business model to manage those assets.

In the initial recognition, the Company measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset classified at amortized cost, the transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets accounted for at fair value through profit or loss are recorded as expenses in the consolidated statement of income by function.

(a)      Debt instruments

The subsequent measurement of debt instruments depends on the group's business model to manage the asset and cash flow characteristics of the asset. The Company has two measurement categories in which the group classifies its debt instruments:

Amortized cost: the assets held for the collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent only payments of principal and interest are measured at amortized cost. A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at amortized cost and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognized in income when the asset is derecognized or impaired. Interest income from these financial assets is included in financial income using the effective interest rate method.

Fair value through profit or loss: assets that do not meet the criteria of amortized cost or fair value through other comprehensive income are measured at fair value through profit or loss. A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognized in profit or loss and is presented net in the consolidated statement of income by function within other gains / (losses) in the period or exercise in which it arises.

(b)      Equity instruments

Changes in the fair value of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are recognized in other gains / (losses) in the consolidated statement of income by function as appropriate.

The Company evaluates in advance the expected credit losses associated with its debt instruments recorded at amortized cost. The applied impairment methodology depends on whether there has been a significant increase in credit.

2.9. Derivative financial instruments and embedded derivatives

Derivative financial instruments and hedging activities

Initially at fair value on the date on which the derivative contract was made and are subsequently valued at their fair value. The method to recognize the resulting loss or gain depends on whether the derivative designated as a hedging instrument and, if so, the nature of the item being hedged.

The Company designates certain derivatives as:

(a) Hedge of an identified risk associated with a recognized liability or an expected highly- probable transaction (cash-flow hedge), or

(b)      Derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting.

At the beginning of the transaction, the Company documents the economic relationship between the hedged items existing between the hedging instruments and the hedged items, as well as its objectives for risk management and the strategy to carry out various hedging operations. The Company also documents its assessment, both at the beginning and on an ongoing basis, as to whether the derivatives used in the hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting the changes in the fair value or cash flows of the items being hedged.

The total fair value of the hedging derivatives is booked as Other non-current financial asset or liability if the remaining maturity of the item hedged is over 12 months, and as an Other current financial asset or liability if the remaining term of the item hedged is less than 12 months. Derivatives not booked as hedges are classified as Other financial assets or liabilities.

(a) Cash flow hedges

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges is shown in the statement of other comprehensive income. The loss or gain relating to the ineffective portion is recognized immediately in the consolidated statement of income by function under other gains (losses). Amounts accumulated in equity are reclassified to profit or loss in the periods or exercise when the hedged item affects profit or loss. When these amounts correspond to hedging derivatives of highly probable items that give rise to non-financial assets or liabilities, in which case, they are recorded as part of the non-financial assets or liabilities.

For fuel price hedges, the amounts shown in the statement of other comprehensive income are reclassified to results under the line-item Cost of sales to the extent that the fuel subject to the hedge is used.

Gains or losses related to the effective part of the change in the intrinsic value of the options are recognized in the cash flow hedge reserve within equity. Changes in the time value of the options related to this part are recognized within Other Consolidated Comprehensive Income in the costs of the hedge reserve within equity.

When a hedging instrument matures, is sold, or fails to meet the requirements to be accounted for as a hedge, any gain or loss accumulated in the statement of Other comprehensive income until that moment, remains in the statement of other comprehensive income and is reclassified to the consolidated statement of income when the hedged transaction is finally recognized.

When it is expected that the hedged transaction is no longer going to occur, the gain or loss accumulated in the statement of other comprehensive income is taken immediately to the consolidated statement of income by function as “Other gains (losses)”.

(b) Derivatives not booked as a hedge

The changes in fair value of any derivative instrument that is not booked as a hedge are shown immediately in the consolidated statement of income in “Other gains (losses)”.

Embedded derivatives

The Company assesses the existence of embedded derivatives in financial instrument contracts. Derivatives embedded in non-derivative host contracts are treated as separate derivatives when they meet the definition of a derivative, their risks and characteristics are not closely related to those of the host contracts and the contracts are not measured at FVTPL as a whole. LATAM Airlines Group S.A. has determined that no embedded derivatives currently exist.

2.10.    Inventories

Inventories, are shown at the lower of cost and their net realizable value. The cost is determined on the basis of the weighted average cost method (WAC). The net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the normal course of business, less estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

2.11.    Trade and other accounts receivable

Commercial accounts receivable are initially recognized at their fair value and subsequently at their amortized cost in accordance with the effective rate method, less the provision for impairment according to the model of the expected credit losses. The Company applies the simplified approach permitted by IFRS 9, which requires that expected lifetime losses be recognized upon initial recognition of accounts receivable.

In the event that the Company transfers its rights to any financial asset (generally accounts receivable) to a third party in exchange for a cash payment, the Company evaluates whether all risks and rewards have been transferred, in which case the account receivable is derecognized.

The existence of significant financial difficulties on the part of the debtor, the probability that the debtor goes bankrupt or financial reorganization are considered indicators of a significant increase in credit risk.

The carrying amount of the asset is reduced as the provision account is used and the loss is recognized in the consolidated income statement under "Cost of sales". When an account receivable is written off, it is regularized against the provision account for the account receivable.

2.12.    Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash and bank balances, time deposits in financial institutions, and other short-term and highly liquid investments and a low risk of loss of value.

2.13.    Capital    

The common shares are classified as net equity.

Incremental costs directly attributable to the issuance of new shares or options are shown in net equity as a deduction from the proceeds received from the placement of shares.

2.14.    Trade and other accounts payables

Trade payables and other accounts payable are initially recognized at fair value and subsequently at amortized cost.

2.15.    Interest-bearing loans

Financial liabilities are shown initially at their fair value, net of the costs incurred in the transaction. Later, these financial liabilities are valued at their amortized cost; any difference between the proceeds obtained (net of the necessary arrangement costs) and the repayment value, is shown in the consolidated statement of income during the term of the debt, according to the effective interest rate method.

Financial liabilities are classified in current and non-current liabilities according to the contractual payment dates of the nominal principal and compliance with contractual agreements at the closing date of these financial statements.

Convertible Notes

The component parts of the convertible notes issued by LATAM Airlines Group S.A. are classified separately as financial liabilities and equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.

At the date of issue, the fair value of the liability component is estimated using the prevailing market interest rate for similar non-convertible instruments. This amount is recorded as a liability on an amortized cost basis using the effective interest method until extinguished upon conversion or at the instrument’s maturity date. The conversion option classified as equity is determined by the deducting the amount of the liability component from the fair value of the compound instrument as a whole. This is recognized and included in other equity, net of income tax effects. and is not subsequently remeasured. In addition, the conversion option classified as equity will remain in other equity until the conversion option is exercised, in which case, the balance recognized in other equity will be transferred to share capital. Where the conversion option remains unexercised at maturity date of the convertible bond, the balance recognized in other equity will be transferred to retained earnings. No gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss upon conversion or expiration of the conversion option.

Transaction costs that relate to the issue of the convertible notes are allocated to the liability and equity components in proportion to the allocation of the gross proceeds. Transaction costs relating to the equity component are charged directly to equity.

2.16.    Current and deferred taxes

The tax expense for the period or exercise comprises income and deferred taxes.

The current income tax expense is calculated based on tax laws enacted at the date of the statement of financial position, in the countries in which the subsidiaries and associates operate and generate taxable income.

Deferred taxes are calculated according to the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the consolidated financial statements. When deferred taxes arise from the initial recognition of a liability or an asset in a transaction other than a business combination, which at the time of the transaction does not affect either the accounting result or the tax profit or loss, they are recorded. Deferred tax is determined using the tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted at the date of the consolidated statements of financial position and are expected to apply when the related deferred tax asset is realized or the deferred tax liability discharged.

Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent it is probable that the future taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilized.

The tax (current and deferred) is recognized in the statement of income by function, unless it relates to an item recognized in other comprehensive income, directly in equity or arises from a business combination. In this case the tax is also recognized in other comprehensive income or, directly in the statement of income by function, respectively.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if, and only if:

(a) there is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets and liabilities, and

(b) the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either: (i) the same taxable entity, or (ii) different taxable entities which intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis, or to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously, in each future period in which significant amounts of deferred tax liabilities or assets are expected to be settled or recovered.

LATAM Airlines Group S.A has evaluated the potential impact derived from the implementation of the so-called “GloBE or Pillar Two rules”, through which multinational groups are expected to pay a minimum effective tax rate of 15%. Based on the analysis carried out, we have concluded that, with the exception of Brazil and Ireland, no entity, permanent establishment or vehicle of the LATAM Group will have a financial impact due to the GloBE Rules in the first fiscal quarter 2025, either because they fall outside the scope of the GloBE Rules (as they do not meet the criteria to be considered a “Constituent Entity” for the purposes of the Pillar) or they are located in jurisdictions that do not have implemented such GloBE Rules.

With respect to Brazil and Ireland, it is expected that, starting in 2025, Brazilian legal entities will be subject to the QDMTT (Qualified Domestic Minimum Top-up Tax) and Irish legal entities to the UTPR (Under Taxed Payments Rule). In this regard, the LATAM Group is carefully analyzing whether there would be any impact on our entities as a result. At the close of these financial statements, did not recognize income tax expense related to Pillar Two.

The LATAM Group constantly assesses these potential impacts; if during fiscal year 2025 any of the jurisdictions that so far have not shown any intention to implement the Pillar Two law decides to implement, a new analysis should be carried out with regards to the legal entities and permanent establishments classified as Constituent Entities.

LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and its Subsidiaries have adopted the exception of paragraph 4A of IAS 12, incorporated in the amendment published on May 23, 2023, relating to the recognition and disclosure of deferred tax assets and liabilities related to Pillar Two income taxes.

2.17.    Employee benefits

    

(a)    Personnel vacations

The Company recognizes the expense for personnel vacations on an accrual basis.

(b)    Share-based compensation

The compensation plans implemented based on the value of the shares of the Company are recognized in the consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS 2: Share-based payments, for cash settled awards the fair value, updated as of the closing date of each reporting period or exercise, is recorded as a liability with charge to remuneration.

(c)     Post-employment

Provisions are made for these obligations by applying the method of the projected unit credit method, and considering estimates of future permanence, mortality rates and future wage increases determined on the basis of actuarial calculations. The discount rates are determined by reference to market interest-rate curves. Actuarial gains or losses are shown in other comprehensive income.

(d)    Incentives

The Company has an annual incentives plan for its personnel for compliance with objectives and individual contribution to the results. The incentives eventually granted consist of a given number or portion of monthly remuneration and the provision is made on the basis of the amount estimated for distribution.    

(e)    Termination benefits

The group recognizes termination benefits at the earlier of the following dates: (a) when the group terminates the employee relationship; and (b) when the entity recognizes costs for a restructuring that is within the scope of IAS 37 and involves the payment of terminations benefits.

2.18.    Provisions

Provisions are recognized when:

(i) The Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event;

(ii) It is probable that payment is going to be required to settle an obligation; and

(iii) A reliable estimate of the obligation amount can be made.    

2.19.    Revenue from contracts with customers

(a)     Transportation of passengers and cargo

The Company recognizes the sale for the transportation service as a deferred income liability, which is recognized as income when the transportation service has been provided or expired. In the case of air transport services sold by the Company and that will be made by other airlines, the liability is reduced when they are remitted to said airlines. The Company periodically reviews whether it is necessary to make an adjustment to deferred income liabilities, mainly related to returns, changes, among others.

Compensations granted to clients for changes in the levels of services or billing of additional services such as additional baggage, change of seat, among others, are considered modifications of the initial contract, therefore, they are deferred until the corresponding service is provided.

(b)     Expiration of air tickets

The Company estimates on a monthly basis the probability of expiration of air tickets, with refund clauses, based on their history of use. Air tickets without a refund clause expire on the date of the flight in case the passenger does not show up.

(c)     Costs associated with the contract

The costs related to the sale of air tickets are capitalized and deferred until the moment of providing the corresponding service. These assets are included under the heading "Other non-financial assets" on "Current Assets" in the Consolidated Classified Statement of Financial Position.

(d)     Frequent passenger program

The Company maintains the following loyalty programs: LATAM Pass and LATAM Pass Brazil, whose objective is building customer loyalty through the delivery of miles.

These programs give their frequent passengers the possibility of earning LATAM Pass miles, which grant the right to a selection of both air and non-air awards. Additionally, the Company sells the LATAM Pass miles to financial and non-financial partners through commercial alliances to award miles to their customers.

To reflect the miles earned, the loyalty program mainly includes two types of transactions that are considered revenue arrangements with multiple performance obligations: (1) Passenger Ticket Sales Earning miles (2) miles sold to financial and non-financial partner (*).

(*) The current contract with the financial partner in Chile will end on December 31, 2025, and the Company is evaluating alternatives that, in the best interest of the company, contribute to further improve the LATAM Pass Program and its partners.

(1)    Passenger Ticket Sales Earning Miles.

In this case, the miles are awarded to customers at the time that the company performs the flight.

To value the miles earned with travel, we consider the quantitative value a passenger receives by redeeming miles for a ticket rather than paying cash, which is referred to as Equivalent Ticket Value ("ETV"). Our estimate of ETV is adjusted for miles that are not likely to be redeemed ("breakage").

The balance of miles that are pending to redeem are included within deferred revenue.

(2)    Miles sold to financial and non-financial partners

To value the miles earned through financial and non-financial partners, the performance obligations with the client are estimated separately. To calculate these performance obligations, different components that add value in the commercial contract must be considered, such as marketing, advertising and other benefits, and finally the value of the miles awarded to customers based on our ETV. The value of each of these components is finally allocated in proportion to their relative prices. The performance obligations associated with the valuation of the miles earned become part of the Deferred Revenue, and the remaining performance obligations are recorded as revenue when the miles are delivered to the client.

When the miles are exchanged for products and services other than the services provided by the Company, the income is recognized immediately; when the exchange is made for air tickets of any airline of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and Subsidiaries, the income is deferred until the air transport service is provided.

The miles that the Company estimates will not be exchanged are recognized in the results based on the consumption pattern of the miles effectively exchanged by customers. The Company uses statistical models to estimate the probability of exchange, which is based on historical patterns and projections.

2.20.    Leases

    

The Company recognizes contracts that meet the definition of a lease as a right of use asset and a lease liability on the date when the underlying asset is available for use.

Right of use assets are measured at cost including the following:

-The amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability;

-Lease payment made at or before commencement date;

-Initial direct costs, and

-Restoration costs.

The right of use assets are recognized in the statement of financial position in Property, plant and equipment.

Lease liabilities include the net present value of the following payments:

-Fixed payments including in substance fixed payment.

-Variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate;

-The exercise price of a purchase option, if it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised.

The discount rate that LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and Subsidiaries uses is the interest rate implicit in the lease, if that rate can be readily determined. This is the rate of interest that causes the present value of (a) lease payments and (b) the unguaranteed residual value to equal the sum of (i) the fair value of the underlying asset and (ii) any initial direct costs of the lessor.

LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and Subsidiaries uses its incremental borrowing rate if the interest rate implicit in the lease cannot be readily determined.

Lease liabilities are recognized in the statement of financial position under “Other financial liabilities, current or non-current”.

Interest accrued on financial liabilities is recognized in the consolidated statement of income in "Financial costs".

Principal and interest are present in the consolidated cash flow as "Payments of lease liability" and "Interest paid", respectively, within financing cash flows.

Payments associated with short-term leases without purchase options and leases of low-value assets are recognized on a straight-line basis in profit or loss at the time of accrual. Those payments are presented within operating cash flows.

The Company analyzes the financing agreements of aircraft, mainly considering characteristics such as:

(a)     That the Company initially acquired the aircraft or took an important part in the process of direct acquisition with the manufacturers.

(b)     Due to the contractual conditions, it is virtually certain that the Company will execute the purchase option of the aircraft at the end of the lease term.

Since these financing agreements are “substantially purchases” and not leases, the related liability is considered as a financial debt classified under IFRS 9 and continues to be presented within the “Other financial liabilities” described in Note 18. On the other hand, the aircraft are presented in Property, Plant and Equipment, as described in Note 16, as “own aircraft”.

The Group qualifies as sale and lease transactions, operations that lead to a sale according to IFRS 15. More specifically, a sale is considered as such if there is no option to purchase the goods at the end of the lease term.

If the sale by the seller-lessee is classified as a sale in accordance with IFRS 15, the underlying asset is derecognized, and a right-of-use asset equal to the portion retained proportionally of the amount of the asset is recognized.

If the sale by the seller-lessee is not classified as a sale in accordance with IFRS 15, the transferred assets are kept in the financial statements and a financial liability equal to the sale price is recognized (received from the buyer-lessor).

2.21.    Non-current assets or disposal groups classified as held for sale

Non-current assets (or disposal groups) classified as assets held for sale are shown at the lesser of their book value and the fair value less costs to sell.

2.22.    Maintenance

The costs incurred for scheduled heavy maintenance of the aircraft’s fuselage and engines are capitalized and depreciated until the next maintenance. The depreciation rate is determined on technical grounds, according to the use of the aircraft expressed in terms of cycles and flight hours.

In case of aircraft include in property, plant and equipment, these maintenance cost are capitalized as Property, plant and equipment, while in the case of aircraft on right of use, a liability is accrued based on the use of the main components is recognized, since a contractual obligation with the lessor to return the aircraft on agreed terms of maintenance levels exists. These are recognized as Cost of sales.

Additionally, some contracts that comply with the definition of lease establish the obligation of the lessee to make deposits to the lessor as a guarantee of compliance with maintenance and return conditions. These deposits, often called maintenance reserves, accumulate until a major maintenance is performed; and once done, recovery is requested to the lessor. At the end of the contract period, there is comparison between the reserves that have been paid and required return conditions, and compensation between the parties are made if applicable.

The unscheduled maintenance of aircraft and engines, as well as minor maintenance, are charged to results as incurred.

2.23.    Environmental costs

Disbursements related to environmental protection are charged to results when incurred or accrue.

NOTE 3 - FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT

3.1.    Financial risk factors

The Company is exposed to different financial risks: (a) market risk, (b) credit risk, and (c) liquidity risk. The risk management of the Company aims to minimize the adverse effects of financial risks affecting the company.

(a)    Market risk

Due to the nature of its operations, the Company has exposure to market factors such as: (i) fuel-price risk, (ii) exchange -rate risk (FX), and (iii) interest -rate risk.

The Company has developed manuals and procedures to manage the market risk, which goal is to identify, quantify, monitor and mitigate the adverse effects of changes in market factors mentioned above.

For the foregoing, Management monitors the evolution of fuel price levels, exchange rates and interest rates, quantifies their exposures and their risk, and develops and executes hedging strategies.

(i)    Fuel-price risk

Exposure:

For the execution of its operations, the Company purchases a fuel called Jet Fuel grade 54 USGC, which is subject to the fluctuations of international fuel prices.

Mitigation:

To hedge the fuel-price risk exposure, the Company operates with derivative instruments (swaps and options) whose underlying assets may be different from Jet Fuel, such as West Texas Intermediate (“WTI”) crude, Brent (“BRENT”) crude and distillate Heating Oil (“HO”), which may have a high correlation with Jet Fuel and greater liquidity.

Fuel Hedging Results:

During the period ended March 31, 2025, the Company recognized losses of US$2.2 million for fuel hedging net of premiums in the costs of sales for the year. During the period ended March 31, 2024, the Company recognized gains of US$19.1 million for fuel hedging net of premiums in the costs of sales for the year.

As of March 31, 2025, the market value of the fuel positions amounted to US$20.5 million (positive). At the end of December 2024, this market value was US$7.7 million (positive).

The following tables show the level of hedge for different periods:

(*) The percentage shown in the table considers all the hedging instruments (swaps and options).

Sensitivity analysis

A drop in fuel price positively affects the Company through a reduction in costs. However, also negatively affects contracted positions as these are acquired to protect the Company against the risk of a rise in price. Therefore, the policy is to maintain a hedge-free percentage in order to be competitive in the event of a drop in price.

The current hedge positions are booked as cash flow hedge contracts, so a variation in the fuel price has an impact on the Company’s net equity.

The following table shows the sensitivity of financial instruments according to reasonable changes in the price of fuel and their effect on equity.

The calculations were made considering a parallel movement of US$5 per barrel in the underlying reference price curve at the end of March 2025 and the end of December 2024. The projection period was defined until the end of the last fuel hedging contract in force, being the last business day of the first trimester of 2026.

Given the fuel hedging structure as of the fourth quarter of 2025, which considers a portion free of hedges, a vertical drop of 5 dollars in the JET reference price (considered as the monthly daily average), would have meant an impact of approximately US$34.0 million lower fuel cost. For the same period, a vertical rise of 5 dollars in the JET reference price (considered as the monthly daily average), would have meant an approximate impact of US$31.9 million in higher fuel costs.

(ii)    Foreign exchange rate risk:

Exposure:

The functional currency of the financial statements of the parent company is the US dollar, so that the risk of the Transactional and Conversion exchange rate arises mainly from the Company's business, strategic and accounting operating activities that are expressed in a monetary unit other than the functional currency.

The subsidiaries of LATAM are also exposed to foreign exchange risk whose impact affects the Company's Consolidated Income.

The largest operational exposure to LATAM's exchange risk comes from the concentration of businesses in Brazil, which are mostly denominated in Brazilian real (R$), and are actively managed by the Company.

At a lower concentration, the Company is also exposed to the fluctuation of other currencies, such as: Euro, Pound sterling, Australian dollar, Colombian peso, Chilean peso, Argentine peso, Paraguayan guarani, Mexican peso, Peruvian Sol and New Zealand dollar.

Mitigation:

The Company mitigates currency risk exposures by contracting hedging or non-hedging derivative instruments or through natural hedges or execution of internal operations.

Exchange Rate Hedging Results (FX):

As of March 31, 2025, the Company recognized losses of US$0.5 million for FX hedging derivatives net of premiums reflected in exchange rate. At the end of March of 2024, the Company recognized losses for US$1.4 million for FX hedging derivatives in exchange rate.

As of March 31, 2025, the market value of hedging FX derivative positions is US$0.1 million (negative). As of December 31, 2024, the market value of the hedging FX derivative positions was US$3.1 million (negative). As of March 31, 2025, the Company has current hedging FX derivatives for US$260 million. . As of December 31, 2024, the Company held hedging FX derivatives of US$165 million.

As of March 31, 2025, the Company holds synthetic deposits totaling US$150 million. The operation consisted of selling USD and purchasing CLP, which were invested at a local interest rate. Simultaneously, a forward contract was entered into to repurchase the USD at maturity, covering both principal and interest. This structure allowed the Company to achieve a higher return in USD compared to a direct investment in that currency.

A depreciation of the R$/US$ exchange rate, negatively affects the Company's operating cash flows, however, also positively affects the value of the positions of derivatives contracted.

The following table shows the sensitivity of current hedging FX derivative instruments according to reasonable changes in the exchange rate and its effect on equity.

Impact of Exchange rate variation in the Consolidated Income Statements (Foreign exchange gains/losses).

In the case of TAM S.A., whose functional currency is the Brazilian real, a large part of its assets and liabilities is expressed in US dollars. Therefore, when converting financial assets and liabilities, from US dollar to Brazilian reais, they have an impact on the result of TAM S.A., which is consolidated in the Company's Income Statement.

In order to reduce the impact on the Company's result caused by appreciations or depreciations of R$/US$, the Company carries out internal operations to reduce the net exposure in US$ for TAM S.A.

The following table shows the impact of the Exchange Rate variation on the Consolidated Income Statement when the R$/US$ exchange rate appreciates or depreciates by 10%:

Impact of the exchange rate variation in the Equity, from translating the subsidiaries financial statements into US Dollars (Cumulative Translate Adjustment).

Since the functional currency of TAM S.A. and Subsidiaries is the Brazilian real, the Company presents the effects of the exchange rate fluctuations in Other comprehensive income (Cumulative Translation Adjustment) by converting the Statement of financial position and Income statement of TAM S.A. and Subsidiaries from their functional currency to the U.S. dollar, which is the presentation currency of the consolidated financial statement of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and Subsidiaries.

The following table shows the impact on the Cumulative Translation Adjustment included in Other comprehensive income recognized in Total equity in the case of an appreciation or depreciation of 10% in the exchange rate R$/US$:

(iii)    Interest -rate risk:

Exposure:

The Company has exposure to fluctuations in interest rates affecting the future cash flows of the assets, and current and future financial liabilities.

The Company is mainly exposed to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) and other less relevant interest rates such as Brazilian Interbank Certificates of Deposit (“CDI”) .

Of the company's financial debt subject to variable rates, all of the contracts maintain exposure to the SOFR reference rate.

Mitigation:

Currently, 75% (76% as of December 31, 2024) of the debt is fixed against fluctuations in interest rates. The variable debt is indexed to the reference rate based on SOFR.

Likewise, most of the company's liquidity is denominated in US dollars and indexed to a return rate similar and with a similar fluctuation to the SOFR rate, which helps reduce exposure.

Rate Hedging Results:

During the period ended March 31, 2025, the Company did not recognize any losses for premiums paid. At the end of March of 2024, the Company did not recognize any losses for premiums paid.

As of March 31, 2025, the value of the interest rate derivative positions corresponding to operating leases to fix the income of future plane arrivals amounted to US$2.30 million (positive) (US$4.68 million (positive) as of December 31, 2024)

As of March 31, 2025, the Company did not recognized an increase in the right-of-use asset. As of December 31, 2024, the Company recognized an increase in the right-of-use asset due to the expiration of derivatives for US$0.1 (negative) million associated with the aircraft lease. On this same date, a lower depreciation expense of the right-of-use asset for US$0.5 million (positive) was recognized. At the end of March of 2024, the Company recognized US$0.5 (positive) million for this same concept.

As of March 31, 2025, the Company did not settled derivatives associated with hedges of leased aircraft. As of December 31, 2024, the Company settled derivatives associated with hedges of leased aircraft fo for US$0.1 million (negative).

The following table shows the sensitivity of changes in financial obligations that are not hedged against interest-rate variations. These changes are considered reasonably possible, based on current market conditions each date.

A large part of the derivatives of current rates are recorded as cash flow hedge contracts, therefore, a variation in interest rates has an impact on the market value of the derivatives, whose changes affect the equity of the entity.

The calculations were made by vertically increasing (decreasing) 100 basis points of the interest rate curve, both scenarios being reasonably possible according to historical market conditions.

The sensitivity calculation hypothesis must assume that the forward curves of interest rates will not necessarily reflect the real value of the compensation of the flows. In addition, the interest rate structure is dynamic over time.

During the period ended March 31, 2025, the Company did not record any losses for ineffectiveness in the consolidated income statement for this type of coverage.

(b)     Credit risk

Credit risk occurs when the counterparty does not comply with its obligations to the Company under a specific contract or financial instrument, resulting in a loss in the market value of a financial instrument (only financial assets, not liabilities). The customer portfolio as of March 31, 2025 has experienced an increased 7% compared to the balance as of December 31, 2024, mainly due to an increase in passenger transportation operations (travel agencies and corporate) which increased by 23% in its sales, mainly affecting the payment methods credit card 25%, and cash sales 18%. In relation to the cargo business, it presented a decrease in its operations of 10% compared to December 2024. There was special consideration for the Expected Credit Loss calculation for the clients with balance at the year end that management considered risky. The Expected Credit Loss at the end of March 2025 had an increase by 4% compared to the end of December 2024, as a result of the increase in the portfolio.

The Company is exposed to credit risk due to its operational activities and its financial activities, including deposits with banks and financial institutions, investments in other types of instruments, exchange rate transactions and derivatives contracts.

To reduce the credit risk related to operational activities, the company has implemented credit limits to limit the exposure of its debtors, which are permanently monitored for the LATAM network, when deemed necessary, agencies have been blocked for cargo and passenger businesses.

(i)Financial activities

Cash surpluses that remain after the financing of assets necessary for the operation are invested according to credit limits approved by the Company’s Board, mainly in time deposits with different financial institutions, private investment funds and short-term mutual funds. These investments are booked as Cash and cash equivalents and other current financial assets.

In order to reduce counterparty risk and to ensure that the risk assumed is known and managed by the Company, investments are diversified among different banking institutions (both local and international). The Company evaluates the credit standing of each counterparty and the levels of investment, based on (i) its credit rating, and (ii) investment limits according to the Company’s level of liquidity. According to these two parameters, the Company chooses the most restrictive parameter of the previous two and based on this, establishes limits for operations with each counterparty.

The Company has no guarantees to mitigate this exposure.

(ii)     Operational activities

The Company has four large sales “clusters”: travel agencies, cargo agents, airlines and credit-card administrators. The first three are governed by International Air Transport Association (“IATA”), international organization comprising most of the airlines that represent over 90% of scheduled commercial traffic and one of its main objectives is to regulate the financial transactions between airlines and travel agents and cargo. When an agency or airline does not pay their debt, it is excluded from operating with IATA’s member airlines. In the case of credit-card administrators, they are fully guaranteed by 100% by the issuing institutions.

Under certain of the Company’s credit card processing agreements, the financial institutions have the right to require that the Company maintain a reserve equal to a portion of advance ticket sales that have been processed by that financial institution, but for which the Company has not yet provided the air transportation. Additionally, the financial institutions have the ability to require additional collateral reserves or withhold payments related to receivables to be collected if increased risk is perceived related to liquidity covenants in these agreements or negative balances occur.

The exposure consists of the term granted, which fluctuates between 1 and 45 days.

One of the tools the Company uses for reducing credit risk is to participate in global entities related to the industry, such as IATA, Billing Settlement Plan (“BSP”), Cargo Account Settlement Systems (“CASS”), IATA Clearing House (“ICH”) and banks (credit cards). These institutions fulfill the role of collectors and distributors between airlines and travel and cargo agencies. In the case of the Clearing House, it acts as an offsetting entity between airlines for the services provided between them.

A reduction in term and implementation of guarantees has been achieved through these entities.

The sales invoicing of TAM Linhas Aéreas S.A. related with cargo agents for domestic transportation in Brazil is done directly by TAM Linhas Aereas S.A.

Credit quality of financial assets

The external credit evaluation system used by the Company is provided by IATA. Internal systems are also used for particular evaluations or specific markets based on trade reports available on the local market. The internal classification system is complementary to the external one, i.e. for agencies or airlines not members of IATA, the internal demands are greater.

To reduce the credit risk associated with operational activities, the Company has established credit limits to mitigate the exposure of their debtors which are monitored permanently . The bad-debt rate in the principal countries where the Company has a presence is insignificant.

(c)    Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk represents the risk that the Company does not have sufficient funds to pay its obligations.

Due to the cyclical nature of its business, the operation and investment needs, along with the need for financing, the Company requires liquid funds, defined as Cash and cash equivalents plus other short-term financial assets, to meet its payment obligations.

The balance of liquid funds, future cash generation and the ability to obtain financing, provide the Company with alternatives to meet future investment and financing commitments.

As of March 31, 2025, the balance of liquid funds is US$2,148 million ((US$1,958 million as of December 31, 2024), which are invested in short-term instruments through financial entities with a high credit rating classification.

As of March 31, 2025, LATAM maintains three Revolving Credit Facility for a total of US$1,850 million, one for an amount of US$800 million, another for an amount of US$750 million and the last one for US$300 million. The first two are fully available whilst the third has US$25 million undrawn and available. With this, the sum of the three committed credit lines amounts to a total of US$1,575 million. The first of these lines is secured by and subject to the availability of certain collateral (i.e. aircraft, engines and spare parts). The second one, is secured by certain intangibles assets of the Company, which are shared with both international bonds. The third is collateralized by spare engines. (See Note 31)