ボラトグループの年次報告

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

_____________________________

FORM 10-K

_____________________________

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2024

o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period From to

Commission File Number 001-41104

VOLATO GROUP, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

4522

86-2707040

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

(Primary Standard Industrial

Classification Code Number)

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification Number)

1954 Airport Road, Suite 124

Chamblee, GA 30341

Telephone: 844-399-8998

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of exchange on which registered
Class A Common stock, $0.0001 par value per share	SOAR	NYSE American LLC
Warrants, each whole warrant exercisable for one share of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $11.50	SOARW	OTC Markets Group, Inc.

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

Yes

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.

See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer

Accelerated Filer

Non-accelerated Filer

Smaller Reporting Company

Emerging Growth Company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.o

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. o

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No x

As of June 30, 2024, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $11,227,045 based on the closing sale price as reported on the NYSE American LLC. As of March 21, 2025, there were 1,900,893 shares of common stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

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Portions of the Registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement to be delivered to shareholders in connection with its 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K where indicated. Such proxy statement will be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates.

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VOLATO GROUP, INC.

FORM 10-K

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024

INDEX


		Page
PART I
Item 1.	Business	4
	Available Information	10
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	12
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	29
Item 1C	Cybersecurity	29
Item 2.	Properties	29
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	30
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	30

PART II
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	31
Item 6.	[Reserved]	32
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	33
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	43
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	44
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	79
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	79
	Report of Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting	79
	Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	55
Item 9B.	Other Information	81
Item 9C.	Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections	81

PART III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance	81
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	81
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	81
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	81
Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	81

PART IV
Item 15.	Exhibit and Financial Statement Schedules	82
Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary	84
	Signatures	85

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Note About Forward-Looking Statements

This report includes estimates, projections, statements relating to our business plans, objectives, and expected operating results that are “forward- looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Forward- looking statements may appear throughout this report, including the following sections: “Business” (Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10- K), “Risk Factors” (Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K), and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” (Part II, Item 7 of this Form 10- K). These forward-looking statements generally are identified by the words “believe,” “project,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “strategy,” “future,” “opportunity,” “plan,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “will be,” “will continue,” “will likely result,” and similar expressions or the negative of such terms. However, the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. Forward -looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially. We describe certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results and events to differ materially in the sections entitled “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” (Part II, Item 7A of this Form 10 -K). Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date they are made. We undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether because of new information, future events, or otherwise.

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PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Overview

Volato is an aviation company advancing the industry with innovative solutions in aviation software and on-demand flight access. Historically, we generated revenue through our aircraft ownership program. This program was a focused commercial strategy including deposit products, charter flights, and aircraft management services. Our aviation experience led to the development of our proprietary software, products and applications “Mission Control” and “Vaunt”. Mission Control drives efficiency across operations and supports operators in managing fractional ownership, charter, and other services, and Vaunt connects travelers to private, empty leg flights. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, we began to generate revenue through the Vaunt platform. Additionally, Vaunt has surpassed 100,000 app downloads and completed 598 flights in 2024, reinforcing its role as a key growth driver for Volato. We also have a new patent-pending technology that advances how aircraft generate revenue by repurposing underutilized aircraft resources for cryptocurrency mining. From time to time, we may also explore the potential development of other ancillary services or revenue generating activities, such as further development of our patent-pending technology to facilitate Bitcoin mining activities using aircraft. With a commitment to advanced technology and customer-focused solutions, we are building scalable tools to elevate service quality and operational effectiveness in private aviation.

Our History

We are a holding company for several wholly owned subsidiaries, including Volato, Inc., Fly Vaunt, LLC, Gulf Coast Aviation, Inc., and G C Aviation, Inc. The Company’s primary operating subsidiary, Volato, Inc., was founded in January 2021. During 2021, Volato, Inc. entered the private jet charter and fractional ownership market with our Part 135 HondaJet ownership program, taking delivery of our first jet in August 2021 and completing our first Part 135 charter flight in October of 2021. In March 2022, we acquired Gulf Coast Aviation, Inc., owner of G C Aviation, Inc., a Texas entity and Part 135 air carrier certificate holder. In March 2022, we placed orders for four Gulfstream G280s for delivery in 2024 and 2025. In September 2022, we started internal development on our full suite Flight Management Software platform Mission Control, and on October 4, 2023, we announced the commercial launch of Vaunt, our proprietary consumer facing empty leg platform.

On December 1, 2023, Volato, Inc., PROOF Acquisition Corp I (“PACI”), and a wholly owned subsidiary of PACI (“Merger Sub”) entered into the Business Combination Agreement, dated August 1, 2023 (the “Business Combination Agreement”). Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, a business combination between PACI and Volato was effected through the merger of Merger Sub with and into Volato, with Volato surviving the merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of PACI (the “Business Combination”). In connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, PACI changed its name to “Volato Group, Inc.”

After thoroughly reviewing off-the-shelf flight management systems, we found that none fully met the needs of private aviation operators. Consequently, in September 2022, we committed to developing proprietary solutions that address the operational, scheduling, and customer engagement challenges unique to the private aviation sector. This decision led to the creation of our two flagship platforms: Mission Control and Vaunt.

Mission Control, our proprietary flight management system, addresses the limitations of traditional third-party solutions by leveraging real-time data, advanced automation, and a user-centric design, which collectively streamline complex workflows, improve fleet utilization, and enhance operational efficiency. Developed from the ground up, Mission Control was designed to be both scalable and adaptable to the evolving needs of the private aviation industry.

Vaunt, our customer platform, offers a subscription service for affordable private flights, giving members access to empty-leg flights while also optimizing fleet usage. Through Vaunt, we are able to reach a broader demographic of spontaneous travelers, who benefit from on-demand private travel without incurring the full costs typically associated with the sector. Since its introduction, Vaunt has quickly gained traction in the market, demonstrating strong consumer demand with over $1.5 million in ARR and a growing user base.

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In September 2024, we announced an agreement with flyExclusive, Inc. (“flyExclusive”), a leading provider of private jet charter services, to transition the management of our aircraft ownership program fleet operations to flyExclusive. This move is expected to bring substantial cost savings and provide Volato with the opportunity to focus on its high-growth areas, including aircraft sales and proprietary software. We will continue to take delivery of new aircraft. Volato will benefit from the margins on aircraft sales without the burden of operational costs, while also generating revenue from its proprietary software, including the Vaunt platform, our successful empty leg consumer app. In the fourth quarter of 2024, we transferred the aircraft lease agreements to flyExclusive and we have no further obligations under the aircraft lease agreements.

The private aviation industry, historically under-innovated, faces challenges in asset utilization, operational complexity, and customer service. Volato’s software offerings are built to address these challenges directly, establishing Volato as a knowledgeable innovator in aviation software. Our approach positions us to meet increasing demand for streamlined, scalable, and customer-centric solutions, setting a new standard in private aviation technology and unlocking additional value across the sector.

Mission Control: Addressing Operational Challenges in Private Aviation

The private aviation industry faces unique operational challenges, particularly for Part 135 operators who must manage complex scheduling, crew assignments, and customer engagement processes while ensuring regulatory compliance. Traditional third-party software solutions in the market have proven inadequate for meeting these specific needs, often requiring significant customization or workarounds that add complexity and inefficiency.

Mission Control, a cloud-based software, was developed by Volato as a direct response to these challenges, experienced firsthand as a flight operator. Our proprietary, cloud-based software provides a robust, API-first solution for Part 135 operators, streamlining critical functions across flight scheduling, customer relationship management (CRM), crew management, and more. Mission Control not only addresses operational needs but also enhances data transparency and customer engagement, positioning Volato as an innovative leader in aviation technology.

Mission Control Key Modules

Mission Control centralizes and automates a wide range of workflows, allowing operators to reduce operational overhead and improve service quality. The platform is organized into several key modules:

1.Flight Scheduling and Optimization: Mission Control allows operators to manage and adjust schedules in real-time. The system’s Fast Feasibility and Disruption Cost modules enable rapid adjustments for unexpected changes, such as Aircraft on Ground (AOG) situations, with options for both optimized packing and maximum resilience in case of recovery needs.

Image 1 - MC control Fliht scheudling results output.jpg

Figure: Mission Control Flight Scheduling results output Figure: Mission Control Flight Optimization

2.Integrated Crew Management: Mission Control offers tools to manage crew assignments, duty logs, scheduling, and compliance. The platform tracks pilot qualifications, duty times, and crew preferences, making it easy for operators to ensure that the right personnel are assigned to each flight. The Crew App supports pilots in logging trips, submitting duty data, and receiving updated itineraries, all from a mobile interface.

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3.Mission Control’s omnichannel communication system consolidates customer interactions across email, SMS, in-app messaging, automated calls, and recorded calls. Each flight is assigned a unique service ticket, consolidating and tracking all relevant communication for easy access by team members. This feature enhances service consistency, reduces response times, and improves the overall customer experience.

Image 3 - flight omnichannel communications.jpg

4.Real-Time Analytics and Dashboards: Mission Control provides operators with comprehensive KPI and daily dashboards that offer real-time insights into key operational metrics. Mission Control offers operators real-time dashboards with insights into key metrics, from fleet performance to customer satisfaction. From fleet performance to customer satisfaction scores, these dashboards enable data-driven decision-making at every level of the organization. Aggregate Net Promoter Score (NPS) results, gathered post-flight, are visible to the entire team, fostering a culture of continuous improvement.

Figure: Mission Control Aircraft Dashboard

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5.Sales and Customer Engagement Tools: Mission Control includes built-in CRM tools for managing customer contacts, owner programs, and referral incentives. Through features like JetQuote, Pocket Sales Calculator, operators can provide instant quotes, generate contracts, and capture e-signatures. This suite of tools enables operators to deliver streamlined sales and service processes, enhancing customer engagement and conversion rates.

Figure: Our proprietary instant-pricing system and e-signature platform reduces overhead while providing customers with improved service.

Image 8 - signed contracts - Omnichannel.jpg

Figure: Signed contracts are assigned a service ticket and moved into the Omnichannel client communications module where all customer and intra-company interactions pertaining to the trip are recorded and accessible from one place.

6.Third-Party Integrations: To further enhance operational efficiency, Mission Control integrates seamlessly with industry-standard platforms, such as Schedaero, ForeFlight, FuelerLinx, and QuickBooks, as well as general-purpose tools like Microsoft Teams. These integrations ensure real-time data synchronization across systems, enabling operators to manage tasks and data from a single interface.

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Mission Control Commercialization Strategy

With flyExclusive, a top Part 135 operator, onboarded as the first third-party user, Mission Control has launched as a commercial solution for other operators. Our goal is to address widespread gaps in the aviation software market, offering a platform tailored to the unique requirements of Part 135 operators while leveraging our proven, scalable solution.

Mission Control is designed for Part 135 operators, of all sizes. Ideal customers are operators seeking to enhance operational efficiency, improve customer satisfaction, and reduce costs associated with scheduling, crew management, and customer communications. Mission Control directly addresses industry-specific needs with an integrated, customizable solution, positioning it as a strong alternative to standard aviation software.

Volato’s flexible subscription model allows operators to benefit from enhanced customer engagement, operational tools, and data transparency. By enabling third-party operators to leverage this platform, Volato aims to set a new standard in private aviation software, increasing the availability of optimized operational solutions across the industry.

Vaunt Platform

Empty Leg Industry Background

The private aviation industry produces a large number of empty leg repositioning flights, with empty leg percentages for floating fleet operators typically ranging between 30-40% of all flight activity. This represents significant inefficiency and lost revenue opportunities.

Operators have traditionally tried to sell these empty legs. However, successfully marketing these flights to traditional private aviation customers has been challenging, as they prioritize the flexibility of flying on their own schedules, rather than flying at a discount on pre-set routes and times generated from else’s flight schedule.

Vaunt: Realizing Revenue and Expanding Access

We believe that an opportunity exists to match empty legs with a different customer segment under a different business model, by marketing them to a different segment of customers who private aviation has traditionally ignored. Vaunt addresses this inefficiency by providing a platform that attracts a broader, under-targeted market segment, presenting affordable access to private aviation while helping operators capitalize on idle inventory.

How Vaunt Works

Vaunt is intended to make it easy and affordable through a proprietary platform and mobile apps for spontaneous and frequent travelers to have a chance to fly private while addressing this empty-leg issue. Vaunt members pay an annual membership fee and have access to the listed flights, at no additional cost to fly.

Vaunt aggregates empty leg flights from Part 135 operators and lists this flight inventory typically 2-5 days before the scheduled flight departure in its Apple iOS and Android mobile apps. Users who have downloaded the app are able to review these flights. Vaunt’s paid members can join the waitlist for flights, if they are placed first on the waitlist when the flight closes they are offered the flight, if they decline, the flight is offered to the next inline member. Members secure the entire aircraft on their flights, allowing them to bring other passengers and pets at no additional cost, providing an experience that mirrors private aviation exclusivity.

Vaunt uses a proprietary algorithm to determine waitlist priority, calculated using several variables, including but not limited including referrals, prior flight no-shows, and the length of time since your last Vaunt flight.

As part of an annual Vaunt Membership members can purchase one “Priority Upgrade” per subscription cycle. A Priority Upgrade allows you to jump to the top of the waitlist and secure the #1 position, guaranteeing the member top spot for the flight. If two members wish to use their Priority Upgrade on the same flight, the first member to purchase and use theirs has the priority.

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Vaunt Expansion Strategy

To further expand its platform and fleet offerings, Vaunt seeks to onboard additional Part 135 operators to the Vaunt platform enabling them to gain value and monetize the sunk costs associated with empty leg flights. Vaunt provides these operators with access to its established customer base and technology, offering a revenue-sharing subscription model as an incentive to list their flight inventory on Vaunt’s platform.

Through these operator relationships, Vaunt aims to grow its inventory, deliver greater flight variety and availability for members, and further establish itself as the leading platform for affordable private aviation access.

Volato Aircraft Sales

Volato expects to take delivery of three Gulfstream G280 aircraft in 2025. Each aircraft is expected to generate cashflow from the sale of the aircraft which includes an estimated $4.0 million to $5.0 million in gross profit earned on sale and the return of $3 million in cash on deposit for each aircraft. Using our industry relationships and experience Volato may opportunistically source or acquire additional aircraft in the future.

Privacy and Data Protection

Compliance with laws governing the collection, use, transfer, security, storage, destruction, and other processing of personally identifiable information and other data relating to individuals is important for our business. As our technology platform is an integral part of our operations, adherence to federal, state, local, municipal, and foreign laws and regulations, as well as industry standards, is necessary to enhance the user experience of our mobile application and marketing site relevant to our business.

We receive, collect, store, process, transmit, share, and use personal information, and other customer data, including health information. We also rely on third parties to manage certain aspects of these operations and to receive, collect, store, process, transmit, share, and use such personal information, including payment information. The collection, storage, processing, sharing, use, retention, and security of this information are governed by various laws and regulations.

The California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”) establishes a privacy framework for covered businesses regarding data privacy rights for California residents. Compliance with the CCPA is necessary for businesses to provide certain disclosures to California residents, respond to their requests for disclosures regarding their personal information, and offer them the right to opt out of sales of personal information. The CCPA also provides for severe statutory damages for noncompliance and private rights of action for certain breaches of personal information resulting from a covered business's failure to implement reasonable security procedures and practices. Furthermore, the California Privacy Rights Act, which took effect on January 1, 2023, expands California residents' rights under the CCPA.

Given that we collect personal information from California residents through the air transportation services we have offered in California in the past and direct marketing to California residents for those services, as well as our plans to offer future services in California, we believe that we are subject to compliance with California's privacy laws.

Employees

Our employees are central to our and our customers’ success. As of March 21, 2025, we have 12 full time employees and no part-time employees. All full-time employees are located within the United States and fulfill a range of roles in corporate functions.

To date, we have not experienced any work stoppages. Furthermore, none of our employees are currently represented by a labor organization or subject to collective bargaining agreements. Our human capital objectives include, as applicable, identifying, recruiting, retaining, incentivizing and integrating our existing and new employees. The principal purposes of our incentive plans are to attract, retain and motivate selected employees and consultants through the granting of stock-based compensation awards.

Facilities

We are a remote-first company, founded during the COVID-19 crisis. All our facilities are located on land that is leased from third parties. We believe that these facilities meet our current and future anticipated needs. In addition, primarily for aircraft ownership program participants’ flight pricing, we designate a few other physical locations as operational bases, which may or may not have personnel or facilities, but which our owners are not charged repositioning fees to fly from.

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Intellectual Property

Safeguarding our proprietary technology and other intellectual property is important for our business. We employ a combination of strategies, including trademarks, contractual commitments and security procedures to protect our intellectual property. We require our employees and relevant consultants to sign confidentiality agreements and certain third parties to sign nondisclosure agreements. We routinely evaluate our technology development initiatives and branding strategy to identify potential new intellectual property. We have pending U.S. and certain foreign trademark applications, including the “Volato” word mark and Dragonfly design mark.

We have a new patent-pending technology, filed in 2023, that advances how aircraft generate revenue by repurposing underutilized aircraft resources for cryptocurrency mining.

Presently, we own the Internet domain “flyvolato.com.” The regulation of domain names in the United States is subject to change, and regulatory authorities may create additional top-level domains, appoint additional domain name registrars, or change the prerequisites for holding domain names. As a result, we may not be able to acquire or maintain all domain names that incorporate the name “Volato” or are otherwise relevant to or descriptive of our business.

Although software can be protected by copyright law, we have chosen to rely primarily on trade secret law to protect our proprietary software and have chosen not to register any copyrights in these works. In the United States, copyright law requires registration to bring a claim for infringement and to obtain certain types of remedies. However, even if we decide to register a copyright in our software to bring an infringement action, the remedies and damages available to us for unauthorized use of our software may be limited.

It is important to note that intellectual property laws, contractual commitments, and security procedures provide only limited protection, and our intellectual property rights may be challenged, invalidated, circumvented, infringed upon, or misappropriated. Furthermore, trade secrets, know-how, and other proprietary materials may be independently developed by our competitors or revealed to the public or our competitors, and may no longer provide protection for the related intellectual property.

Additionally, intellectual property laws vary from country to country, and we have not sought trademark registrations in every foreign jurisdiction in which we have or may operate. As a result, we may be unable to protect certain aspects of our brands or other intellectual property in other jurisdictions.

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

Our Internet address is www.flyvolato.com. At our Investor Relations website, www.ir.flyvolato.com, we make available free of charge a variety of information for investors. Our goal is to maintain the Investor Relations website as a portal through which investors can easily find or navigate to pertinent information about us, including:

•Our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file that material with or furnish it to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) at www.sec.gov.

•Information on our business strategies, financial results, and metrics for investors.

•Announcements of investor conferences, speeches, and events at which our executives talk about our product, service, and competitive strategies. Archives of these events are also available.

•Press releases on quarterly earnings, product and service announcements, legal developments, and international news.

•Corporate governance information including our governance guidelines, committee charters, codes of conduct and ethics, and other governance-related policies.

•Other news and announcements that we may post from time to time that investors might find useful or interesting.

•Opportunities to sign up for email alerts to have information pushed in real time.

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In addition to our website, the public may read or copy any document we file with the SEC at the SEC’s website, http://www.sec.gov (File No. 001-41104). The information found on our websites is not part of, or incorporated by reference into, this or any other report we file with, or furnish to, the SEC. In addition to these channels, we use social media to communicate to the public. It is possible that the information we post on social media could be deemed to be material to investors. We encourage investors, the media, and others interested in Volato to review the information we post on the social media channels listed on our Investor Relations website.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this subsection to “we” and “our” refers to the business the business of Volato Group and our consolidated subsidiaries. The occurrence of one or more of the events or circumstances described in these risk factors, alone or in combination with other events or circumstances, may have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and future prospects of Volato, in which event the market price of the Common Stock of Volato Group could decline, and you could lose part or all of your investment.

Risks Related to Our Limited Operating History, Business and Industry

We have a limited operating history and history of net losses, and may continue to experience net losses in the future.

You should consider our business and prospects in light of the risks, expenses, and difficulties encountered by companies in their early stage of development. We launched our business through Volato, Inc. on January 7, 2021. Accordingly, we have limited operating history upon which to base an evaluation of our business and prospects. The Company’s current and proposed operations are subject to all business risks associated with newer enterprises. These include likely fluctuations in operating results as the Company reacts to developments in its markets, difficulty in managing its growth and the entry of competitors into the market.

We have experienced significant net losses since our inception and, given our limited operating history, we may experience continuing net losses for the foreseeable future and may never become profitable (as determined by U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) or otherwise). We may not accurately anticipate how quickly we might use our funds and whether such funds are sufficient to bring the business to profitability and pay our liabilities. Even if we achieve profitability, we cannot be certain that we will be able to sustain or increase profitability. To achieve and sustain profitability, we must accomplish numerous objectives, including broadening and stabilizing our sources of revenue and increasing the number of customers that utilize our service. Accomplishing these objectives may require significant capital investments. We cannot assure you that we will be able to achieve these objectives.

The Company may not be able to continue to operate its business if it is not successful in securing additional sources of capital and, as a result, may not be able to continue as a going concern.

The Company is dependent on funds from its operations, proceeds from its financing arrangements and additional fundraising in order to sustain its ongoing operations. The Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and has a significant accumulated deficit. As a result of these recurring losses from operations, negative cash flows from operating activities and the need for additional capital there is substantial doubt of the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Therefore, our independent registered public accounting firm included an explanatory paragraph expressing substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern in its report on the Company’s audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024. The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, which contemplate that the Company will continue to operate as a going concern. The Company’s financial statements do not contain any adjustments that might result if it is unable to continue as a going concern. There are no assurances that management will be able to raise capital on terms acceptable to the Company. If the Company is unable to obtain sufficient amounts of additional capital, the Company may be required to reduce the near-term scope of its planned development and operations, which could delay implementation of the Company’s business plan and harm its business, financial condition and operating results. In such circumstances, the Company may have to significantly reduce its operations or delay, scale back or discontinue the development of one or more of its products, seek alternative financing arrangements, declare bankruptcy or terminate its operations entirely.

Significant reliance on Gulfstream aircraft and parts poses risks to our business and prospects.

As part of our business strategy, we have historically flown HondaJet aircraft, manufactured by Honda Aircraft Company (“Honda”). The purchase agreement between the Company and Honda was terminated on September 10, 2024. We expect to take delivery of and sell Gulfstream aircraft, manufactured by Gulfstream Aerospace, LP (“Gulfstream”). If Gulfstream experiences interruptions or disruptions in production or provision of services due to, for example, bankruptcy, natural disasters, labor strikes, or disruption of their supply chain, we may experience a significant delay in the delivery of or fail to receive previously ordered aircraft and parts, which would adversely affect our revenue and results of operations and could jeopardize our ability to meet the demands of our customers.

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If we cannot internally or externally finance our aircraft or generate sufficient funds to make payments to external financing sources, we may not succeed.

As is customary in the aviation industry, we are reliant on external financing for the acquisition of aircraft, and we are likely to need additional financing in the future in order to acquire aircraft. If we are unable to generate sufficient revenue or other funding to make payments on these financing arrangements, the lender may default us under the financing arrangement, which would have a material adverse effect on our business and reputation. Furthermore, if we do not have access to external financing for future aircraft, for whatever reason, including reasons relating to our business or prospects or the broader economy, we may not be in a position to grow and/or operate as a going concern.

We may not be able to successfully implement our growth strategies.

Our growth strategies include, among other things, attracting new customers and retaining existing customers, expanding our addressable market by opening up private aviation to customers that have not historically used private aviation services, expanding into new markets and developing adjacent businesses. We face numerous challenges in implementing our growth strategies, including our ability to execute on market, business, product/service and geographic expansions. For example, our continued growth could increase the strain on our resources, and we could experience operating difficulties, including difficulties in hiring, training, and managing an increasing number of employees. These difficulties may result in the erosion of our brand image, divert the attention of our management and key employees, and impact our financial and operational results.

Our strategies for growth are dependent on, among other things, our ability to expand existing products and services and launch new products and services. Although we may devote significant financial and other resources to the expansion of our products and service offerings, our efforts may not be commercially successful or achieve the desired results. Our financial results and our ability to maintain or improve our competitive position will depend on our ability to effectively gauge the direction of our key marketplaces and successfully identify, develop, market, and sell new or improved products and services in these changing marketplaces. Our inability to successfully implement our growth strategies could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations and any assumptions underlying estimates of expected cost savings or expected revenues may be inaccurate.

Our growth also depends in part on our ability to successfully enter new markets and offer new services and products. Significant changes to our existing geographic coverage or the introduction of new and unproven markets may require us to obtain and maintain applicable permits, authorizations, or other regulatory approvals. Developing and launching new or expanded locations involves significant risks and uncertainties, including risks related to the reception of such locations by existing and potential future customers, increases in operational complexity, unanticipated delays or challenges in implementing such new locations or enhancements, increased strain on our operational and internal resources (including an impairment of our ability to accurately forecast customer demand), and negative publicity in the event such new or enhanced locations are perceived to be unsuccessful. Significant new initiatives may result in operational challenges affecting our business. In addition, developing and launching new or expanded service offerings may involve significant upfront investment, such as additional marketing and such expenditures may not generate a return on investment. Any of the foregoing risks and challenges could negatively impact our ability to attract and retain customers. If these new or expanded service offerings are unsuccessful or fail to attract a sufficient number of customers to be profitable, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

We are exposed to the risk of a decrease in demand for private aviation services.

Our business is concentrated on private aviation services, which are vulnerable to changes in consumer preferences, discretionary spending, and other market changes impacting luxury goods and discretionary purchases. In addition, demand for private aviation services may be significantly and adversely impacted by factors affecting air travel generally, such as adverse weather changes, the occurrence of geopolitical events such as war, such as the current conflicts in Ukraine, terrorism, civil unrest, political instability, market volatility, environmental or climatic factors, natural disaster, pandemic or epidemic outbreak, public health crisis and general economic conditions. The global economy has in the past, and may in the future, experience recessionary periods and periods of economic instability such as the business disruption and related financial impact resulting from the global COVID-19 health crisis. During such periods, our current and future users may choose not to make discretionary purchases or may reduce overall spending on discretionary purchases. These changes could result in reduced consumer demand for air transportation, including our private aviation services, or could shift demand from our private aviation services to other methods of air or ground transportation for which we do not offer a competing service.

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Any of these factors that cause the demand for private aviation services to decline may also result in delays that could reduce the attractiveness of private air charter travel versus other means of transportation, particularly for shorter distance travel. Delays could frustrate passengers, affecting our reputation and potentially reducing demand for our services as a result of flight cancellations and increased costs. We may also experience decreased demand, as well as a loss of reputation, in the event of an accident involving one of its aircraft or an aircraft booked through our platform or any actual or alleged misuse of its platform or aircraft by customers in violation of law. Any of the foregoing circumstances or events which reduced the demand for private jet charters could negatively impact the Company’s ability to establish its business and achieve profitability. If we are unable to generate demand or there is a future shift in consumer spending away from private aviation services, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

We may require substantial additional funding to finance our operations, but adequate additional financing may not be available when we need it, on commercially acceptable terms, or at all.

Our operations are capital intensive, and we require sufficient liquidity levels for our operations and strategic growth plans. We have financed our operations and capital expenditures primarily through private financing rounds credit agreements, convertible debt, and through financing of aircraft pre-delivery payment obligations. In the future, we expect to need to raise additional capital through public or private financing or other arrangements. This financing may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all, and our failure to raise capital when needed could harm our business. Numerous factors may affect our ability to obtain financing or access the capital markets in the future on terms attractive to us, including our liquidity, operating cash flows, and the timing of capital requirements, credit status and any credit ratings assigned to us, market conditions in the private aviation industry, U.S. and global economic conditions, and conditions in the capital markets generally, and the availability of our assets as collateral for future financings. We may sell equity securities or debt securities in one or more transactions at prices and in a manner as we may determine from time to time. If we sell any such securities in subsequent transactions, our current investors may be materially diluted. Any debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants and could reduce our operational flexibility or profitability. If we cannot raise funds on commercially acceptable terms, we may not be able to grow our business or respond to competitive pressures and our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

The loss of key personnel upon whom we depend on to operate our business or the inability to attract additional qualified personnel could adversely affect our business.

We believe that our future success will depend in large part on our ability to retain or attract highly qualified management, and technical and other personnel. We may not be successful in retaining key personnel or in attracting other highly qualified personnel. Any inability to retain or attract significant numbers of qualified management and other personnel would have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Federal, state, and local tax rules can adversely impact our results of operations and financial position.

We are subject to federal, state, and local taxes in the United States. Significant judgment is required in sourcing revenue among various jurisdictions, and in determining the provision for income taxes. We believe our income tax estimates are reasonable, but such estimates assume no changes in current tax rates. In addition, if the Internal Revenue Service or other taxing authority disagrees with a tax position we have taken, as to sourcing, tax rates, or otherwise, and upon final adjudication, we are required to change our position, we could incur additional tax liability, including interest and penalties. These costs and expenses could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. Additionally, the taxability of our offerings is subject to various interpretations within the taxing jurisdictions in which we operate. Consequently, in the ordinary course of business, a jurisdiction may contest our reporting positions with respect to the application of our tax code to our offerings. A conflicting position taken by a state or local taxation authority on the taxability of our offerings could result in additional tax liabilities and could negatively impact our competitive position in that jurisdiction. If we fail to comply with applicable tax laws and regulations, we could suffer civil or criminal penalties in addition to the delinquent tax assessment. To the extent our offerings are or may be determined to be taxable in a given jurisdiction, the jurisdiction may still increase the tax rate assessed on such offerings. The property and gross receipts taxation of a mobile asset business such as aviation also varies widely among U.S. jurisdictions. The Company seeks to directly or indirectly pass-through such taxes to our customers. In the event we are not able to pass-through any such taxes, our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows could be adversely impacted.

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For example, several tax proposals have been set forth that would, if enacted, make significant changes to U.S. tax laws. Such prior proposals have included an increase in the U.S. income tax rate applicable to corporations (such as the Company) from 21% to 28%. Congress may consider, and could include some or all of these proposals in connection with tax reform that may be undertaken. It is unclear whether these or similar changes will be enacted and, if enacted, how soon any such changes could take effect. The passage of any legislation as a result of these proposals and other similar changes in U.S. federal income tax laws could adversely affect the Company’s business and future profitability.

The Company may seek to expand its business operations, including to jurisdictions in which tax laws may not be favorable, its obligations may change or fluctuate, become significantly more complex or become subject to greater risk of examination by taxing authorities, any of which could adversely affect the Company’s after-tax profitability and financial results.

In the event that the Company’s business expands domestically or internationally, its effective tax rates may fluctuate widely in the future. Future effective tax rates could be affected by operating losses in jurisdictions where no tax benefit can be recorded under GAAP, changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities, or changes in tax laws. Factors that could materially affect the Company’s future effective tax rates include, but are not limited to: (a) changes in tax laws or the regulatory environment, (b) changes in accounting and tax standards or practices, (c) changes in the composition of operating income by tax jurisdiction and (d) pre-tax operating results of the Company’s business.

Additionally, the Company may be subject to significant income, withholding, and other tax obligations in the United States and may become subject to taxation in numerous additional U.S. state and local and non-U.S. jurisdictions with respect to income, operations and subsidiaries related to those jurisdictions. The Company’s after-tax profitability and financial results could be subject to volatility or be affected by numerous factors, including (a) the availability of tax deductions, credits, exemptions, refunds and other benefits to reduce tax liabilities, (b) changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, if any, (c) the expected timing and amount of the release of any tax valuation allowances, (d) the tax treatment of stock-based compensation, (e) changes in the relative amount of earnings subject to tax in the various jurisdictions, (f) the potential business expansion into, or otherwise becoming subject to tax in, additional jurisdictions, (g) changes to existing intercompany structure (and any costs related thereto) and business operations, (h) the extent of intercompany transactions and the extent to which taxing authorities in relevant jurisdictions respect those intercompany transactions, and (i) the ability to structure business operations in an efficient and competitive manner. Outcomes from audits or examinations by taxing authorities could have an adverse effect on the Company’s after-tax profitability and financial condition. Additionally, the Internal Revenue Service and several foreign tax authorities have increasingly focused attention on intercompany transfer pricing with respect to sales of products and services and the use of intangibles. Tax authorities could disagree with the Company’s intercompany charges, cross-jurisdictional transfer pricing or other matters and assess additional taxes. If the Company does not prevail in any such disagreements, the Company’s profitability may be affected.

The Company’s after-tax profitability and financial results may also be adversely affected by changes in relevant tax laws and tax rates, treaties, regulations, administrative practices and principles, judicial decisions and interpretations thereof, in each case, possibly with retroactive effect.

The Company’s ability to utilize its net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards to offset future taxable income may be subject to certain limitations.

In general, under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “IRC”), a corporation that undergoes an “ownership change” is subject to limitations on its ability to use its pre-change net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”) to offset future taxable income. The limitations apply if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change,” which is generally defined as a greater than 50 percentage point change (by value) in its equity ownership by certain stockholders over a three-year period. If the Company has experienced an ownership change at any time since its incorporation, the Company may be subject to limitations on its ability to utilize its existing NOLs and other tax attributes to offset taxable income or tax liability. In addition, future changes in the Company’s stock ownership, which may be outside of the Company’s control, may trigger an ownership change. Similar provisions of state tax law may also apply to limit the Company’s use of accumulated state tax attributes. As a result, even if the Company earns net taxable income in the future, its ability to use its pre-change NOL carryforwards and other tax attributes to offset such taxable income or tax liability may be subject to limitations, which could potentially result in increased future income tax liability to the Company.

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Our business is dependent on third-party operators to provide flights for our customers. If third-party operators’ flights, which are required to serve a substantial portion of our business, are not available or do not perform adequately, our costs may increase and our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

We rely on flyExclusive as a third-party operator to provide flights for our Vaunt product. As such, we are subject to the risk of disruptions to their operations, which has in the past and may in the future result from many of the same risk factors disclosed in this Annual Report, such as the impact of adverse economic conditions and the inability of third parties to hire or retain skilled personnel, including pilots and mechanics. We expect that as competition in the private aviation market grows, the use of exclusive contractual arrangements with third-party aircraft operators, sometimes requiring volume guarantees and prepayments or deposits, may increase. This may require us to purchase or lease additional aircraft that may not be available or require us to incur significant capital or operating expenditures.

If our efforts to continue to build our strong brand identity and achieve high customer satisfaction and loyalty are not successful, we may not be able to attract or retain customers, and our operating results may be adversely affected.

Maintaining a good reputation globally is important to our business. We must continue to build and maintain a strong brand identity for our products and services, which have expanded over time. We believe that a strong brand identity will continue to be important in attracting customers. If our efforts to promote and maintain our brand are not successful, our operating results and our ability to attract customers will be adversely affected. From time to time, our customers may express dissatisfaction with our products and services, in part due to factors that could be outside of our control, such as the timing and availability of aircraft and service interruptions driven by prevailing political, regulatory, or natural conditions. To the extent dissatisfaction with our products and services is widespread or not adequately addressed, our brand may be adversely impacted, and our ability to attract and retain customers may be adversely affected. With respect to our planned expansion into additional markets, we will also need to establish our brand, and to the extent it is not successful, our business in new markets would be adversely impacted.

Through our marketing, advertising, and communications with our customers, we set the tone for the brand as aspirational but also within reach. We strive to create high levels of customer satisfaction through the experience provided by our team and representatives. The ease and reliability of our services, including our ability to provide high-quality customer support, helps us attract and retain customers. Our ability to provide effective and timely support is largely dependent on our ability to attract and retain skilled employees who can support our customers and are sufficiently knowledgeable about our product and services. As we continue to grow our business and improve our platform, we will face challenges related to providing quality support at an increased scale. Any failure to provide efficient customer support, or a market perception that we do not maintain high-quality support, could adversely affect our reputation, brand, business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our reputation or brand image also could be adversely impacted by, among other things, any failure to maintain high ethical, social, and environmental sustainability practices for all of our operations and activities, our impact on the environment, public pressure from investors or policy groups to change our policies, such as movements to institute a “living wage,” customer perceptions of our advertising campaigns, sponsorship arrangements or marketing programs, customer perceptions of our use of social media, or customer perceptions of statements made by us, our employees and executives, agents or other third parties. We operate in a highly visible industry that has significant exposure to social media. Negative publicity, including as a result of misconduct by our customers, vendors, or employees, can spread rapidly through social media. Should we not respond in a timely and appropriate manner to address negative publicity, our brand and reputation may be significantly harmed. Damage to our reputation or brand image or loss of customer confidence in our services could adversely affect our business and financial results as well as require additional resources to rebuild or repair our reputation.

A delay or failure to identify and devise, invest in, and implement certain important technology, business, and other initiatives could have a material impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our business and the aircraft we operate are characterized by changing technology, introductions and enhancements of models of aircraft and services, and shifting customer demands, including technology preferences. Our future growth and financial performance will depend in part upon our ability to develop, market, and integrate new services and to accommodate the latest technological advances and customer preferences. In addition, the introduction of new technologies or services that compete with our products and services could result in our revenues decreasing over time. If we are unable to upgrade our operations or fleet with the latest technological advances in a timely manner, or at all, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could suffer.

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We rely on our information technology systems to manage numerous aspects of our business. A cyber-based attack of these systems could disrupt our ability to deliver services to our customers and could lead to increased overhead costs, decreased revenues, and harm to our reputation.

We rely on information technology networks and systems to operate and manage our business. Our information technology networks and systems process, transmit, and store personal and financial information, and proprietary information of our business, and also allow us to coordinate our business across our operation bases. Information technology systems also allow us to communicate with our employees and externally with customers, suppliers, partners, and other third parties. While we believe we take reasonable steps to secure these information technology networks and systems, and the data processed, transmitted, and stored thereon, the networks, systems, and data may be susceptible to cyberattacks, viruses, malware, or other unauthorized access or damage (including by environmental, malicious, or negligent acts), which could result in unauthorized access to, or the release and public exposure of, our proprietary information and our customers’ personal information. In addition, cyberattacks, viruses, malware, or other damage or unauthorized access to our information technology networks and systems, could result in damage, disruptions, or shutdowns to our platform. Any of the foregoing could cause substantial harm to our business, require us to make notifications to our customers, governmental authorities, or the media, and could result in litigation, investigations, or inquiries by government authorities, or subject us to penalties, fines, and other losses relating to the investigation and remediation of an attack or other unauthorized access or damage to our information technology systems and networks.

System failures, defects, errors, or vulnerabilities in our website, applications, backend systems, or other technology systems or those of third-party technology providers could harm our reputation and brand and adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our systems, or those of third parties upon which we rely, may experience service interruptions, outages, or degradation because of hardware and software defects or malfunctions, human error, or malfeasance by third parties or our employees, contractors, or service providers, earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, fires, natural disasters, power losses, disruptions in telecommunications services, fraud, military or political conflicts, terrorist attacks, cyberattacks, or other events. Our insurance may not be sufficient, and we may not have sufficient remedies available from our third-party service providers, to cover all of the losses that may result from interruptions, outages, or degradation.

We may experience system failures and other events or conditions from time to time that interrupt the availability or reduce or affect the speed or functionality of our technology platform. These events could result in losses of revenue due to increased difficulty of booking services through our technology platform, impacts on on-time performance, and resultant errors in operating our business. A prolonged interruption in the availability or reduction in the availability or other functionality of our platform could adversely affect our business and reputation and could result in negative publicity, customer dissatisfaction, or the loss of customers.

We rely on third parties maintaining open marketplaces to distribute our mobile and web applications and we rely on third parties to provide the software we use in certain of our products and services, including the provision of our flight management system. If these third parties interfere with the distribution of our products or services, with our use of the software, or with the interoperability of our platform with the software, our business would be adversely affected.

Our platform’s mobile applications rely on third parties maintaining open marketplaces, including the Apple App Store and Google Play, which make applications available for download. We additionally rely on such third-party marketplaces for access to certain third-party applications that we use to provide our services. We cannot be assured that the marketplaces through which we distribute our applications will maintain their current structures or that such marketplaces will not charge us fees to list our applications for download.

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We rely upon certain third-party software and integrations with certain third-party applications to provide our platform and products and services. As our products expand and evolve, we may use additional third-party software or have an increasing number of integrations with other third-party applications, software, products and services. Third-party applications, software, products and services are constantly evolving, and we may not be able to maintain or modify our platform, including our mobile and web-based applications and our flight management system, to ensure our compatibility with third-party offerings following development changes. Moreover, some of our competitors or technology partners may take actions which disrupt the interoperability of our products or services with their own products or services, or exert strong business influence on our ability to, and the terms on which we may, operate our platform and provide our products and services to customers. In addition, if any of our third-party providers cease to provide access to the third-party software that we use, do not provide access to such software on terms that we believe to be attractive or reasonable, do not provide us with the most current version of such software, modify their products, standards or terms of use in a manner that degrades the functionality or performance of our platform or is otherwise unsatisfactory to us, or give preferential treatment to competitive products or services, we may be required to seek comparable software from other sources, which may be more expensive or inferior, or may not be available at all. Any of these events could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

If we are unable to adequately protect our intellectual property interests or are found to be infringing on the intellectual property interests of others, we may incur significant expense, and our business may be adversely affected.

We believe that our intellectual property, such as our trademarks, domain names, website, mobile and web-based applications, software, copyrights, trade secrets, and inventions, among others, plays an important role in protecting our brand and the competitiveness of our business. If we do not adequately protect our intellectual property, our brand and reputation may be adversely affected, and our ability to compete effectively may be impaired. The Company protects its intellectual property through a combination of trademark, copyright, contracts, and policies. However, the steps we take to protect our intellectual property may be inadequate, and unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or reverse engineer aspects of our intellectual property or obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary and, if successful, may potentially cause us to lose market share, harm our ability to compete, and result in reduced revenue. In addition, our business is subject to the risk of third parties infringing our intellectual property. We may not always be successful in securing protection for, or identifying or stopping infringements of, our intellectual property and we may need to resort to litigation in the future to enforce our rights in this regard. Any such litigation could result in significant costs and a diversion of resources. Further, such enforcement efforts may result in a ruling that our intellectual property rights are unenforceable.

Moreover, companies in the aviation and technology industries are frequently subject to litigation based on allegations of intellectual property infringement, misappropriation, or other violations. As we expand and raise our profile, the likelihood of intellectual property claims being asserted against us grows. Further, we may acquire or introduce new products or services, which may increase our exposure to patent and other intellectual property claims. Any intellectual property claims asserted against us, whether or not having any merit, could be time-consuming and expensive to settle or litigate. If we are unsuccessful in defending a claim, we may be required to pay substantial damages or could be subject to an injunction or agree to a settlement that may prevent us from using our intellectual property or making our Common Stock, products, or services available to customers. Some intellectual property claims may require us to seek a license to continue our operations, and those licenses may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or may significantly increase our operating expenses. If we are unable to procure a license, we may be required to develop non-infringing technological alternatives, which could require significant time and expense. Any of these events could adversely affect our business, financial condition, or operations.

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As part of our growth strategy, we may engage in future acquisitions that could disrupt our business and have an adverse impact on our financial condition.

We have, and intend to continue to explore potential strategic acquisitions of assets and businesses, including partnerships or joint ventures with third parties. Our management has limited experience with acquiring and integrating acquired strategic assets and companies into our business, and there is no assurance that any future acquisitions will be successful. We may not be successful in identifying appropriate targets for transactions. In addition, we may not be able to continue the operational success of acquired businesses or successfully finance or integrate any assets or businesses that we acquire or with which we form a partnership or joint venture. We may have potential write-offs of acquired assets or an impairment of any goodwill recorded as a result of acquisitions. Furthermore, the integration of any acquisition may divert management’s time and resources from our core business and disrupt our operations or may result in conflicts with our business. Any acquisition, partnership, or joint venture may reduce our cash reserves, may negatively affect our earnings and financial performance, and, to the extent financed with the proceeds of debt, may increase our indebtedness, and, to the extent acquired or financed through equity issuance, dilute our current investors. We cannot ensure that any acquisition, partnership, or joint venture we make will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Acquisition transactions involve risks, including, but not limited to:

•insufficient revenue to offset liabilities assumed;

•inability to obtain any required third-party approvals;

•requirements to enter into restrictive covenants in connection with obtaining third-party consents;

•inadequate return of capital;

•regulatory or compliance issues, including securing and maintaining regulatory approvals;

•unidentified issues not discovered in due diligence;

•integrating the operations or (as applicable) separately maintaining the operations;

•financial reporting;

•managing geographically dispersed operations;

•potential unknown risks associated with an acquisition;

•unanticipated expenses related to acquired businesses or technologies and their integration into our existing business or technology;

•the potential loss of key employees, customers or partners of an acquired business; or

•the tax effects of any acquisitions.

We may never realize the full value of our intangible assets or our long-lived assets, causing us to record impairments that may materially adversely affect our financial conditions and results of operations.

In accordance with applicable accounting standards, we are required to test our indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently where there is an indication of impairment. In addition, we are required to test certain of our other assets for impairment where there is any indication that an asset may be impaired, such as our market capitalization being less than the book value of our equity.

We may be required to recognize losses in the future due to, among other factors, extreme fuel price volatility, tight credit markets, government regulatory changes, decline in the fair values of certain tangible or intangible assets, unfavorable trends in historical or forecasted results of operations and cash flows, and an uncertain economic environment, as well as other uncertainties.

We can provide no assurance that a material impairment loss of tangible or intangible assets will not occur in a future period. The value of our aircraft could also be impacted in future periods by changes in supply and demand for these aircraft. Such changes in supply and demand for certain aircraft types could result from the grounding of aircraft. An impairment loss could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

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Risks Related to Legal and Regulatory Matters

Because our software could be used to collect and store personal information, privacy concerns in the territories in which we operate could result in additional costs and liabilities to us or inhibit sales of our software.

The regulatory framework for privacy issues worldwide is rapidly evolving and is likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. Many government bodies and agencies have adopted or are considering adopting laws and regulations regarding the collection, use, storage, and disclosure of personal information and breach notification procedures. We are also required to comply with laws, rules, and regulations relating to data security. Interpretation of these laws, rules, and regulations and their application to our software and professional services in applicable jurisdictions is ongoing and cannot be fully determined at this time.

In the United States, these include rules and regulations promulgated under the authority of the Federal Trade Commission, the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (the “CCPA”), and other state and federal laws relating to privacy and data security. By way of example, the CCPA requires covered businesses to provide new disclosures to California residents, provide them new ways to opt-out of certain disclosures of personal information, and allows for a new cause of action for data breaches. It includes a framework that includes potential statutory damages and private rights of action. There is some uncertainty as to how the CCPA, and similar privacy laws emerging in other states, could impact our business as it depends on how these laws will be interpreted. As we expand our operations, compliance with privacy laws may increase our operating costs.

Risks Related to Our Contractual Obligations

Our obligations in connection with our contractual obligations, including debt financing obligations, could impair our liquidity and thereby harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We have significant debt financing obligations, and we may incur additional obligations as we expand our operations. On October 5, 2022, we entered into a Pre-Delivery Payment Agreement (“PDP Agreement”) with a Shearwater Global Capital entity for the financing of PDP Agreement payments on four Gulfstream G280s under four separate purchase agreements executed in March 2022 (“G280 Purchase Agreements”). The PDP Agreement is secured by all of our rights in the G280 Purchase Agreements, all of the reserves under the PDP Agreement, each of the Aircraft, and all present or future additions, attachments, or accessories thereto and replacements thereof, all engines and avionics, all tools, manuals, service records, software, and similar information and materials related to each G280, all payments, amounts, refunds, rebates, and all other amounts of any kind whatsoever relating to any or all of the Purchase Agreements and/or any or all of the aircraft, and the products, proceeds, rents, and profits therefrom or thereof. The PDP Agreement provides for a Twelve and Half Percent (12.5%) interest rate on all PDP Agreement promissory notes (“PDP Notes”) issued by the lender for payments made under the PDP Agreement, for an aggregate principal balance of up to $40.5 million.

The ability to timely pay our existing or future contractual obligations, including required payments under the PDP Notes and the Notes, will depend on the results of our operations, cash flow, liquidity, and ability to secure additional financing, which will in turn depend on, among other things, the success of our current business strategy, U.S. and global economic and political conditions, the availability and cost of financing, and other factors that may be beyond our control. If our liquidity is materially diminished, our cash flow available to fund our working capital requirements, debt service obligations, capital expenditures, and strategic initiatives may be materially and adversely affected, or we may not be able to realize the benefits of, or otherwise maintain, certain relationships with our business partners. We cannot be assured that our operations will generate sufficient cash flow to make any required payments, or that we will be able to obtain financing to make expenditures in pursuit of our strategic initiatives. The amount of our contractual obligations and timing of required payments could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

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Agreements governing our debt obligations include financial and other covenants that provide limitations on our business and operations under certain circumstances, and failure to comply with any of the covenants in such agreements could adversely impact us.

Our financing agreements, including those in connection with the PDP Notes, the Notes, and other financing agreements that we may enter into from time to time, contain certain affirmative, negative, and financial covenants, and other customary events of default. Certain covenants in our financing agreements are subject to important exceptions, qualifications, and cure rights, including, under limited circumstances, the requirement to provide additional collateral or prepay or redeem certain obligations. In addition, certain of our financing agreements are or may be cross-collateralized, such that an event of default or acceleration of indebtedness under one agreement could result in an event of default under other financing agreements. If we fail to comply with such covenants, if any other events of default occur for which no waiver or amendment is obtained, or if we are unable to timely refinance the debt obligations subject to such covenants or take other mitigating actions, the holders of our indebtedness could, among other things, declare outstanding amounts immediately due and payable and, subject to the terms of relevant financing agreements, repossess or foreclose on collateral, including certain of our aircraft or other assets used in our business. The acceleration of significant indebtedness or actions to repossess or foreclose on collateral may cause us to renegotiate, repay, or refinance the affected obligations, and there is no assurance that such efforts would be successful or on terms we deem attractive. In addition, any acceleration or actions to repossess or foreclose on collateral under our financing agreements could result in a downgrade of any credit ratings then applicable to us, which could result in additional events of default or limit our ability to obtain additional financing.

Stockholders may experience dilution of their ownership interest due to the issuance of additional shares of Common Stock upon the conversion of the Notes, especially since the Notes have fluctuating conversion rates that are set at a discount to market prices of our shares of Common Stock during the period immediately following conversion.

On December 4, 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (“Securities Purchase Agreement”). Under the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company has agreed to issue 10% original issue discount senior unsecured convertible promissory notes (“Notes”) in an aggregate original principal amount of up to $36,000,000, which will be convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock. The closing of the first tranche was consummated on December 4, 2024, and the Company issued the initial Note for an aggregate original principal amount of $4,500,000. Issuances of additional Note are subject to the terms and conditions of the Securities Purchase Agreement. The shares of Common Stock issuable upon full conversion of the Notes would result in significant dilution to existing stockholders.

The following table sets forth, for illustrative purposes only, the aggregate amount of our common stock issuable upon conversion of the notes that may be issued under the Securities Purchase Agreement at varying purchase prices and the percentage of outstanding common stock after giving effect to the applicable 4.99% or 9.99% Beneficial Ownership Limitation.


Assumed Average Price Per Share (1)	Number of Common Shares to be Issued, After Giving Effect to the 4.99% Beneficial Ownership Limitation	Percentage of Outstanding Common Stock After Giving Effect to the Issuance to the Investor, Subject to the 4.99% Beneficial Ownership Limitation (2)	Number of Common Shares to be Issued, After Giving Effect to the 9.99% Beneficial Ownership Limitation	Percentage of Outstanding Common Stock After Giving Effect to the Issuance to the Investor, Subject to the 9.99% Beneficial Ownership Limitation (3)
$1.83(4)	99,836	4.99%	210,975	9.99%
$1.879(5)	99,836	4.99%	210,975	9.99%
$1.91(6)	99,836	4.99%	210,975	9.99%

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(1) For the avoidance of any doubt, this price reflects the purchase price after calculation (i.e. after discounts to the market price of our shares) in accordance with the terms of the initial tranche Note and the Securities Purchase Agreement.

(2) The denominator is based on 1,900,893 shares of our common stock outstanding as of March 21, 2025, adjusted to include the issuance of the number of shares of common stock set forth in the second column which we would have issued to the investor based on the applicable assumed purchase price per share and assuming that (i) all Notes remain outstanding until their respective maturity dates and (ii) the Payment Premium (as defined in the Notes) and interest on the Notes are paid in shares of common stock subject to the limitation on issuance pursuant to the 4.99% Beneficial Ownership Limitation.

(3) The denominator is based on 1,900,893 shares of our common stock outstanding as of March 21, 2025, adjusted to include the issuance of the number of shares of common stock set forth in the second column which we would have issued to the Investor based on the applicable assumed purchase price per share and assuming that (i) all Notes remain outstanding until their respective maturity dates and (ii) the Payment Premium (as defined in the Notes) and interest on the Notes are paid in shares of common stock, subject to the limitation on issuance pursuant to the 9.99% Beneficial Ownership Limitation.

(4) Represents the initial Floor Price of the Note issued in the initial tranche, as adjusted pursuant to the 1-for-25 reverse stock split effected by the Company on February 24, 2025.

(5) Represents the midpoint between the initial Floor Price and current Conversion Price of the Note issued in the Initial Tranche, as adjusted pursuant to the 1-for-25 reverse stock split effected by the Company on February 24, 2025.

(6) Represents the current Conversion Price of the Note issued in the Initial Tranche, as adjusted pursuant to the 1-for-25 reverse stock split effected by the Company on February 24, 2025.

In addition, in order to raise additional capital, we may in the future offer additional shares of our Common Stock or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for our Common Stock at prices that may not be the same as the price per share as prior issuances of Common Stock. This includes, without limitation, consummating additional transactions involving the Notes. We may not be able to sell shares or other securities in any other offering at a price per share that is equal to or greater than the price per share previously paid by investors, and investors purchasing shares or other securities in the future could have rights superior to existing stockholders. The price per share at which we sell additional shares of our Common Stock or securities convertible into Common Stock in future transactions may be higher or lower than the prices per share. We cannot predict the effect, if any, that market sales of those shares of Common Stock or the availability of those shares for sale will have on the market price of our Common Stock.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Securities and Being a Public Company

If we are unable to comply with the continued listing requirements of the NYSE American, including satisfying the obligations set forth in the Deficiency Letter with respect to our stockholders’ equity being below the NYSE American’s minimum level, then our Common Stock will be delisted from the NYSE American.

Our Common Stock is currently listed on the NYSE American under the symbol “SOAR”. If we are unable to comply with the continued listing requirements of the NYSE American, our Common Stock will be delisted from the NYSE American, which will limit investors’ ability to effect transactions in our Common Stock and subject us to additional trading restrictions. For example, in order to maintain our listing, we must maintain a minimum amount of stockholders’ equity. In addition to this objective standard, NYSE American may delist the securities of any issuer for other reasons involving the judgment of NYSE American, including if our common stock sells at a low price per share for a substantial period of time.

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In June 2024, the Company was notified by the NYSE American that the Company is not in compliance with NYSE American’s Minimum Stockholders’ Equity Requirements. The Company submitted its Compliance Plan on July 18, 2024, to the NYSE American outlining certain actions the Company has taken and will take to regain compliance with the Minimum Stockholders’ Equity Requirements by December 18, 2025. On September 5, 2024, NYSE American accepted the Compliance Plan and required quarterly updates from the Company on the progress that the Company has made regarding the Compliance Plan. NYSE American also granted the Company through December 18, 2025, to regain compliance with the Minimum Stockholders’ Equity Requirements. Until such date, the Company will be subject to quarterly review by NYSE American to determine if the Company is making progress consistent with the Compliance Plan. If the Company does not regain compliance with the Minimum Stockholders’ Equity Requirements by December 18, 2025, or if the Company does not make sufficient progress consistent with its Compliance Plan, then the NYSE American may initiate delisting proceedings to delist the Company’s Common Stock from the NYSE American.

Although the Company believes it will be able to achieve compliance with the Minimum Stockholders’ Equity Requirements and other NYSE American listing requirements, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to regain compliance with all applicable requirements or maintain compliance with any other listing requirements within the time frame required by NYSE American or at all. NYSE American’s determination that we fail to meet the continued listing standards of NYSE American may result in our securities being delisted from NYSE American.

If our Common Stock is delisted from the NYSE American, then we could face significant and material adverse consequences as a result and our investors will experience limitations upon their ability to effect transactions in our Common Stock.

If the NYSE American delists our Common Stock from trading on its exchange, including if such delisting were to occur immediately without being able to submit a compliance plan or appeal such delisting, and we are not able to list our securities on another national securities exchange (though we expect the common stock would qualify to be quoted on an over-the-counter market), we could face significant material adverse consequences, including:

•a limited availability of market quotations for our securities;

•reduced liquidity for our securities;

•substantial impairment on our ability to raise additional funds;

•loss of institutional investor interest and a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future;

•a determination that our Common Stock is a “penny stock,” which will require brokers trading in our Common Stock to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our securities;

•a limited amount of news and analyst coverage; and

•potential breaches of representations or covenants of our agreements pursuant to which we made representations or covenants relating to our compliance with applicable listing requirements, which, regardless of merit, could result in costly litigation, significant liabilities and diversion of our management’s time and attention and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, business and results of operations.

The National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996, which is a federal statute, prevents or preempts the states from regulating the sale of certain securities, which are referred to as “covered securities.” Because our Common Stock is listed on the NYSE American, our Common Stock qualifies as a covered securities under such statute. Although the states are preempted from regulating the sale of our securities, the federal statute does allow the states to investigate companies if there is a suspicion of fraud, and, if there is a finding of fraudulent activity, then the states can regulate or bar the sale of covered securities in a particular case. If we were no longer listed on the NYSE American, our Common Stock would not be a covered security, and we would be subject to regulation in each state in which we offer our Common Stock and other Company securities.

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If we fail to maintain an effective system of disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting, our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements or comply with applicable regulations could be impaired, which may adversely affect investor confidence in us and, as a result, the market price of the Common Stock.

We are required to maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. As a newly public company, we continue to refine our disclosure controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in filings with the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules, and that information required to be disclosed in reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and financial officers.

We will continue to refine our internal control over financial reporting. We will be required to make a formal assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and once we cease to be an emerging growth company, we will be required to include an attestation report on internal control over financial reporting issued by our independent registered public accounting firm. To achieve compliance with these requirements within the prescribed time period, we have been engaging, and will continue to engage, in a process to document and evaluate our internal control over financial reporting. This process is both costly and challenging, and requires us to dedicate significant internal resources. We may also engage outside consultants and hire new employees with the requisite skill set and experience. We have assessed and documented the adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting, validated through testing that controls are functioning as documented and implemented a continuous reporting and improvement process for internal control over financial reporting. There is a risk that we will not be able to conclude, within the prescribed time period or at all, that our internal control over financial reporting is effective as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Moreover, our testing, or the subsequent testing by our independent registered public accounting firm, may reveal additional deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses.

Any failure to implement and maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, including the identification of one or more material weaknesses, could cause investors to lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial statements and reports, which would likely adversely affect the market price of the Common Stock. In addition, we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the NYSE American, the SEC and other regulatory authorities.

Sales of Common Stock, or the perception of such sales, by us in the public market or otherwise, could cause the market price for our Common Stock to decline.

The sale of Common Stock in the public market or otherwise, or the perception that such sales could occur, could harm the prevailing market price of our Common Stock. These sales, or the possibility that these sales may occur, also might make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate. Resales of Common Stock may cause the market price of our securities to drop significantly, even if our business is doing well.

In the future, we may also issue securities in connection with investments or acquisitions. The amount of shares of Common Stock issued in connection with an investment or acquisition could constitute a material portion of the then-outstanding shares of Common Stock. Ultimately, any issuance of additional securities in connection with investments or acquisitions may result in additional dilution to stockholders.

Anti-takeover provisions contained in the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation and applicable laws could impair a takeover attempt.

The Company’s Certificate of Incorporation affords certain rights and powers to the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”) that could contribute to the delay or prevention of an acquisition that it deems undesirable, such as establishing a classified Board so that not all members of our Board are elected at one time. Delaware law also permits the Company to take certain actions that could have the effect of rendering more difficult, delaying or preventing an acquisition deemed undesirable by our Board, such as:

•authorizing the issuance of “blank check” preferred stock that could be issued by our Board to increase the number of outstanding shares and thwart a takeover attempt;

•requiring cause to remove directors;

•requiring all stockholder actions to be taken at a meeting of our stockholders;

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•establishing advance notice and duration of ownership requirements for nominations for election to the board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon by stockholders at stockholder meetings;

•prohibiting the use of cumulative voting for the election of directors; and

•limiting the ability of stockholders to call special meetings or amend our bylaws.

These provisions, alone or together, could delay or prevent hostile takeovers and changes in control or changes in our management to the extent permitted, whether by our Certificate of Incorporation or merely as a function of Delaware law. Any provision of our Certificate of Incorporation, Delaware law, or otherwise that has the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our Common Stock and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our Common Stock

Claims for indemnification by our directors and officers may reduce our available funds to satisfy successful third-party claims against us and may reduce the amount of money available to us.

The Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”) empowers us to indemnify our directors and officers against expenses relating to certain actions, suits or proceedings as provided for therein. In order for such indemnification to be available, the applicable director or officer must not have acted in a manner that constituted a breach of his or her fiduciary duties and involved intentional misconduct, fraud or a knowing violation of law, or must have acted in good faith and reasonably believed that his or her conduct was in, or not opposed to, our best interests. In the event of a criminal action, the applicable director or officer must not have had reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful.

We may indemnify each of our present and future directors, officers, employees or agents who becomes a party or is threatened to be made a party to any suit or proceeding, whether pending, completed or merely threatened, and whether said suit or proceeding is civil, criminal, administrative, investigative, or otherwise, except an action by or in the right of the Company, by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee, or agent of the Company, or is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee, or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise, against expenses, including, but not limited to, attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines, and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with the action, suit, proceeding or settlement, provided such person acted in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interest of the Company, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful.

The expenses of directors, officers, employees or agents of the Company incurred in defending a civil or criminal action, suit, or proceeding may be paid by the Company as they are incurred and in advance of the final disposition of the action, suit, or proceeding, if and only if the director, officer, employee or agent undertakes to repay said expenses to the Company if it is ultimately determined by a court of competent jurisdiction, after exhaustion of all appeals therefrom, that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the corporation.

No indemnification shall be applied, and any advancement of expenses to or on behalf of any director, officer, employee or agent must be returned to us, if a final adjudication establishes that the person’s acts or omissions involved a breach of any fiduciary duties, where applicable, intentional misconduct, fraud or a knowing violation of the law which was material to the cause of action.

The DGCL further provides that a corporation may purchase and maintain insurance or make other financial arrangements on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise for any liability asserted against him and liability and expenses incurred by him in his capacity as a director, officer, employee or agent, or arising out of his status as such, whether or not the corporation has the authority to indemnify him against such liability and expenses. We have secured a directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policy. We expect that we will continue to maintain such a policy.

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Our Certificate of Incorporation designates specific courts as the exclusive forum for substantially all stockholder litigation matters, which could limit the ability of our Stockholders to obtain a favorable forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.

Our Certificate of Incorporation requires, to the fullest extent permitted by law, that derivative actions brought in our name, actions against current or former directors, officers or other employees for breach of fiduciary duty, any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, our Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws, any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine of the State of Delaware or any other action asserting an “internal corporate claim” (as defined in Section 115 of the DGCL), confer jurisdiction to the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware does not have jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware or other state courts of the State of Delaware), unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum. This provision would not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. Our Certificate of Incorporation also provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. This provision may limit a Stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us and our directors, officers or other employees and may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against our directors, officers and other employees. Furthermore, Stockholders may be subject to increased costs to bring these claims, and the exclusive forum provision could have the effect of discouraging claims or limiting investors’ ability to bring claims in a judicial forum that they find favorable.

In addition, the enforceability of similar exclusive forum provisions in other companies’ certificates of incorporation has been challenged in legal proceedings, and it is possible that, in connection with one or more actions or proceedings described above, a court could rule that this provision in our Certificate of Incorporation is inapplicable or unenforceable. In March 2020, the Delaware Supreme Court issued a decision in Salzberg, et al. v. Sciabacucchi which found that an exclusive forum provision providing for claims under the Securities Act to be brought in federal court is facially valid under Delaware law. We intend to enforce this provision, but we do not know whether courts in other jurisdictions will agree with this decision or enforce it. If a court were to find the exclusive forum provision contained in our Certificate of Incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

Our management team has limited experience managing a public company.

Although during the period prior to the Business Combination we expended a significant amount of time, money, and effort on preparing to be a public company, our management team has limited experience managing a publicly traded company, interacting with public company investors and research analysts, and complying with the increasingly complex laws and requirements pertaining to public companies, including those related to timely public disclosures, financial reporting, internal controls, and enterprise risk management. As a result, our management team may not efficiently manage our responsibilities as a public company. As a public company, we are subject to significant regulatory oversight, reporting obligations under U.S. securities laws, and the continuous scrutiny of securities analysts and investors. These obligations and constituents require significant attention from our senior management and could divert their attention away from the day-to-day management of our business, which could result in less time being devoted to management and the achievement of our growth strategy and operational goals.

Failure to adequately comply with the requirements of being a public company, including deficiencies in financial reporting or ineffective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, could cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial and other information and materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operation, as well as severely negatively affect the price of the Common Stock.

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The requirements of being a public company may strain our resources, divert our management’s attention, and affect our ability to attract and retain qualified board members.

We are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and any rules promulgated thereunder, as well as the rules of the NYSE American. The requirements of these rules and regulations increase our legal and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming, or costly, and increase demand on our systems and resources. These laws, regulations, and standards are subject to varying interpretations and may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls for financial reporting. In order to maintain and, if required, improve our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting to meet this standard, significant resources and management oversight are required and, as a result, our management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns.

These rules and regulations can also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified independent members of our Board. Additionally, these rules and regulations make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance. We may be required to accept reduced coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain coverage. The increased costs of compliance with public company reporting requirements and our potential failure to satisfy these requirements can have a material adverse effect on our operations, business, financial condition, or results of operations.

We may be subject to securities litigation, which is expensive and could divert our management’s attention.

The per share price of our common stock may be volatile and, in the past, companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their stock have been subject to securities litigation, including class action litigation. Litigation of this type could result in substantial costs and diversion of our management’s attention and resources, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Any adverse determination in litigation could also subject us to significant liabilities.

Because we became a publicly traded company by means other than a traditional underwritten initial public offering, our stockholders may face additional risks and uncertainties.

Because we became a publicly traded company by means of consummating the Business Combination rather than by means of a traditional underwritten initial public offering, there was no independent third-party underwriter selling the shares of our common stock, and, accordingly, our stockholders did not have the benefit of an independent review and investigation of the type normally performed by an unaffiliated, independent underwriter in a public security offering. Due diligence reviews typically include an independent investigation of the background of the company, any advisors, and their respective affiliates, review of the offering documents and independent analysis of the plan of business and any underlying financial assumptions. Although PACI performed a due diligence review and investigation of Volato in connection with the Business Combination, the lack of an independent due diligence review and investigation increases the risk of investment in us because PACI’s due diligence review and investigation may not have uncovered facts that would be important to a potential investor that may have been uncovered by a third-party investigation.

If we became a public company through an underwritten public offering, the underwriters would be subject to liability under Section 11 of the Securities Act for material misstatements and omissions in the initial public offering registration statement. In general, an underwriter is able to avoid liability under Section 11 if it can prove that it “had, after reasonable investigation, reasonable grounds to believe and did believe, at the time the registration statement became effective, that the statements therein (other than the audited financial statements) were true and that there was no omission to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.”

The amount of due diligence conducted by PACI and its advisors in connection with the Business Combination may not be as high as would have been undertaken by an underwriter in connection with an initial public offering of Volato. Accordingly, it is possible that defects in our business operations or problems with our management that would have been discovered if we had conducted an underwritten public offering will not be discovered in connection with the Business Combination, which could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

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In addition, because we did not become a publicly traded company by means of a traditional underwritten initial public offering, security or industry analysts may not provide, or be less likely to provide, coverage of us. Investment banks may also be less likely to agree to underwrite secondary offerings on behalf of us than they might otherwise be if we had become a publicly traded company by means of a traditional underwritten initial public offering because they may be less familiar with us as a result of more limited coverage by analysts and the media. The failure to receive research coverage or support in the market for our common stock could have an adverse effect on our ability to develop a liquid market for our common stock. The lack of a liquid market for our common stock will adversely affect the stock price.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, if they change their recommendations regarding our Common Stock, or if our operating results do not meet their expectations, our Common Stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our Common Stock will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us and our businesses. If equity research analysts do not commence coverage of us, the trading price for our common stock could be negatively impacted. To the extent equity research analysts do provide research coverage of our Common Stock, we will not have any control over the content and opinions included in their reports. The trading price of our Common Stock could decline if one or more equity research analysts downgrade our securities or publish unfavorable research about our businesses, or if our operating results do not meet analyst expectations. If any equity research analysts cease coverage of us or fail to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our Common Stock could decrease, which could cause the price and trading volume of our Common Stock to decline.

The JOBS Act permits “emerging growth companies” like us to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies.

We qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act. As such, we take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including (a) the exemption from the auditor attestation requirements with respect to internal control over financial reporting under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, (b) the exemptions from say-on-pay, say-on-frequency and say-on-golden parachute voting requirements and (c) reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements. As a result, our stockholders may not have access to certain information they deem important. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (a) the last day of the fiscal year (i) following December 3, 2026, the fifth anniversary of our initial public offering, which closed on December 3, 2021, (ii) in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.235 billion (as adjusted for inflation pursuant to SEC rules from time to time) or (iii) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of shares of our Common Stock that are held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of our prior second fiscal quarter, and (b) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three year period.

In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the exemption from complying with new or revised accounting standards provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act as long as we are an emerging growth company. An emerging growth company can therefore delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies, but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. We have elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of our financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

We cannot predict if investors will find our Common Stock less attractive because we will rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our Common Stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our Common Stock and our share price may be more volatile.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY

CYBERSECURITY

Governance

The Company has multi-layer processes to assess, identify, manage and mitigate material risks from cybersecurity threats.

Members of senior leadership, including the Volato Group Board (“Board”), assesses potential material risks to the business and the Company’s ability to meet strategic priorities, including risks from cybersecurity threats. The Company’s senior leadership receives updates from relevant functional heads or other subject matter specialists on these potential material risks as well as the processes or other steps being taken to manage or mitigate the risks. The senior leadership team includes senior leaders in areas of importance to Company priorities. The Company’s senior leadership assesses and prioritizes risk based on impact to shareholders, operations, and strategic priorities, among other factors. Members of senior leadership discusses enterprise risks and compliance programs with the Audit Committee of the Board. The Audit Committee makes reports to the Board, who also receive updates from members of senior management on material risks to the Company.

Risk Management and Strategy

There are no management positions directly responsible for overseeing our cybersecurity risk. The Chief Operating Officer (“COO”) who functions as our head of IT and certain members of management assist with our cybersecurity efforts and risk assessments. The COO has over 10 years of prior experience in information technology and security.

We have developed and implemented cybersecurity and data privacy processes and procedures that are informed by recognized cybersecurity frameworks and standards, including Microsoft Azure CSPM and SOC 2. We use this framework, together with information collected from periodic manual assessments and automated testing, to tailor aspects of our cybersecurity practices given the nature of our assets, operations and business. The Company’s processes to assess, identify and manage material risks from cybersecurity threats include, but are not limited to, the following:

•The members of the information technology team actively monitor threats to the information technology environment. They work with a third party to provide additional 24/7 monitoring of cyber threats. These internal and external cybersecurity teams are empowered to contain network access through various application controls. Structural protections are also in place to mitigate risks of end point failures and provide for continuity of operations.

•The Company uses various systems to manage threats, for example, firewall protections, anti-virus protections, vulnerability scans, among others. Such systems are regularly reviewed for adequacy and potential enhancements.

•The Company employs an information security and training program for our employees, including regular internal communications and ongoing end-user testing to measure the effectiveness of our information security program.

•The Company utilizes a third-party service that provides real-time threat intelligence feeds and global threat data to enhance threat detection capabilities and proactively defend against emerging cyber threats.

•We monitor the location of our geographic location of data sent to third party systems.

In 2023, we conducted an enterprise risk assessment that included an assessment of cybersecurity risk in context with other enterprise-level risks. For additional information regarding potential cybersecurity risks, see relevant business and operational risks under Item 1A, "Risk Factors", of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

In the last three years, we have not experienced a material information security breach incident, or any penalties or settlements related to the same, and the expenses we have incurred from information security breach incidents were immaterial.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

We are a remote-first company, founded during the COVID-19 crisis. All of our facilities are located on land that is leased from third parties. We believe that these facilities meet our current and future anticipated needs.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, we are a defendant or plaintiff in various legal proceedings which arise in the normal course of business. As such, we are required to assess the likelihood of any adverse outcomes to these proceedings as well as potential ranges of probable losses. If one or more legal matters were resolved against us in a reporting period for amounts above management’s expectations, our financial condition and operating results for that reporting period could be materially adversely affected.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

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PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information

The Common Stock is listed on NYSE American under the symbol “SOAR” and our Public Warrants are quoted on the over the counter pink market under the symbol “SOARW”. On March 10, 2025, the closing price of the Common Stock and our Public Warrants was $1.66 per share and $0.034 per warrant, respectively. The bid quotations reported on the pink market reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, mark-down, or commission, and may not represent actual transactions.

Our Public Warrants were listed on the NYSE American until September 10, 2024, and thereafter have been quoted on the over the counter pink market. The following sets forth the high and low bid prices for our Public Warrants during the third and fourth quarters of 2024:

a.Quarter Ended September 30, 2024: High: $0.0379 | Low: $0.0006

b.Quarter Ended December 31, 2024: High: $0.0399 | Low: $0.0007

Holders

As of March 10, 2025, there were approximately 483 holders of record of Common Stock. Such number does not include beneficial owners holding shares of the Common Stock through nominees.

Dividend Policy

We have not paid any cash dividends on the Common Stock since inception. We currently intend to retain any future earnings and do not expect to pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. Our ability to pay dividends on the Common Stock could be restricted by the terms of any agreement governing other indebtedness we may incur. Any future determination to declare cash dividends will be made at the discretion of the Board, subject to applicable laws, and will depend on a number of factors, including our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, general business conditions and other factors that the Board may deem relevant.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

The 2023 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2023 Plan”) was approved at the November 28, 2023 special meeting of PACI stockholders held, in part, to ask such stockholders to vote on a proposal to approve the Business Combination (the “PACI Special Meeting”). In accordance with the 2023 Plan, we have reserved 224,347 shares of Common Stock (as adjusted for the 1-for-25 reverse stock split effected in February 2025) for issuance pursuant to future awards under the 2023 Plan. See “Executive Compensation.”

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ITEM 6. [RESERVED]

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes. This discussion contains forward-looking statements which involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements for many reasons, including the risks faced by us described in “Risk Factors” starting on page 12 and elsewhere in this Annual Report. Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section to “we,” “us,” “our,” and “the Company” are intended to mean the business and operations of Volato Group, Inc.

Overview of Our Business

Our revenue is generated through airplane sales and software-as-a-service subscriptions. Our aircraft ownership program was an asset-lite model whereby we sell each fleet aircraft to a limited liability company (LLC) and sell LLC membership interests to third-party owners. The LLC then leased the aircraft back to us for management and charter operation on behalf of the LLC under 14 C.F.R. Part 135. In turn, program participants (JetShare owners) invested in those special purpose entities to fund the aircraft purchase. We operated the aircraft on behalf of the special purpose entity and entered into charter agreements with the individual JetShare owners to provide preferential access and charter pricing for our HondaJet fleet.

In September 2024, we entered into an agreement with flyExclusive, a leading provider of private jet charter services, to transition our aircraft ownership program fleet operations to flyExclusive. This move is expected to bring substantial cost savings and provide Volato with the opportunity to focus on what it believes to be its high-growth areas, including aircraft sales and products and services utilizing our proprietary software. Volato expects benefit from the margins on aircraft sales without the burden of operational costs, while also generating revenue from its proprietary software, including the Vaunt platform, Volato’s successful empty leg consumer app. In the fourth quarter of 2024, we transferred the aircraft lease agreements to flyExclusive and have no further obligations under the aircraft lease agreements or control over such flight operations. Items related to our aircraft ownership program fleet operations are now included in discontinued operations.

Financial highlights for the year ended December 31, 2024 include:

•We generated total revenue of $46.3 million an increase of $10.7 million, or 30%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily related to an increase in aircraft sales of $16.7 million as we took delivery of our first Gulfstream G280;

•Net loss from continuing operations was $21.9 million compared to $20.6 million in 2023. The decrease in net loss from continuing operations was the result of higher plane sale revenue mentioned above, and;

•We incurred a net loss of $40.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, representing a $12.2 million decrease in loss over the prior year.

Key Factors Affecting Results of Operations

We believe that the following factors have affected our financial condition and results of operations and are expected to continue to have a significant effect:

Airplane Sales

Historically, we have taken delivery of HondaJet aircraft, manufactured by Honda Aircraft Company (“Honda”) and Gulfstream G280 aircraft manufacture by Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation (“Gulfstream”) and sold these airplanes to third parties. Airplane manufacturing is subject to interruptions or supply chain disruption. The purchase agreement with Honda was terminated on September 10, 2024. Our revenue is subject to timing of delivery and sale of airplanes.

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Costs and Expense Management

In 2022 and 2023, we invested in the core business systems, processes and people required to safely operate a growing, publicly traded private aviation company. In September 2024, we entered into an agreement with flyExclusive to transition our fleet operations to flyExclusive. This move has resulted in substantial cost savings and provides us with the opportunity to focus on what we believe to be our high-growth areas, including aircraft sales and proprietary software. We will continue to take delivery of and sell new aircraft. We expect to benefit from the margins on aircraft sales without the burden of operational costs, while also generating revenue from its proprietary software, including the Vaunt platform, our successful empty leg consumer app.

Economic Conditions

The private aviation industry is volatile and affected by economic cycles and trends. Our financial performance is susceptible to economically driven changes in demand particularly for our discretionary charter and deposit products. Our cost structure and private aviation demand levels had been greatly impacted by the price of jet fuel, pilot salaries and availability, changes in government regulations, consumer confidence, safety concerns, and other factors.

Results of Operations

Comparison of year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

The following table sets forth our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands, except percentages):


	For the Years Ended December 31,				Change In
	2024		2023		$		%
Revenue	$	46,288	$	35,573	$	10,715	30	%

Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue	38,792		30,779		8,013		26	%
Selling, general and administrative	16,861		9,235		7,626		83	%
Total costs and expenses	55,653		40,014		15,639		39	%

Operating Loss	(9,365)		(4,440)		(4,925)		111	%

Other income (expenses):
Gain from sale of consolidated entity	—		387		(387)		(100)	%
Other income	212		180		32		18	%
Loss from change in fair value forward purchase agreement	(2,983)		(13,403)		10,420		(78)	%
Loss on extinguishment of debt	(2,804)		—		(2,804)		100	%
Interest expense, net	(7,493)		(3,358)		(4,135)		123	%
Other income (expenses)	(13,068)		(16,194)		3,126		(19)	%

Loss before provision for income taxes and discontinued operations	(22,433)		(20,634)		(1,799)		9	%
Provision for incomes taxes (benefit)	(507)		2		(509)		(25449)	%
Net loss from continuing operations	(21,926)		(20,636)		(1,290)		6	%
Net loss from discontinued operations	(18,719)		(32,186)		13,467		(42)	%
Net loss	$	(40,645)	$	(52,822)	$	12,177	(23)	%

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Revenue

Revenue consists of the following (in thousands, except percentages):


	Year Ended December 31,				Change In
	2024		2023		$		%
Aircraft sales	$	38,150	$	21,443	$	16,707	78	%
Managed Aircraft	7,224		14,107		(6,883)		(49)	%
Subscription	914		23		891		3874	%
Total	$	46,288	$	35,573	$	10,715	30	%

Revenue increased by $10.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase in revenue was primarily the result of an increase in aircraft sales of $16.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the prior year. The increase in revenue from aircraft sales was the result of the delivery and sale of our first Gulfstream G280 in 2024. We have orders for three additional Gulfstream G280s and expect delivery in 2025. Our subscription based revenues are attributable to our Vaunt platform which began to generate revenue during the 2024 fiscal year. The increase in aircraft sales and our subscription revenues year over year was partially offset by the approximately 49% decrease in our revenues from our managed aircraft operations.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue comprises expenses tied to the associated revenue streams: aircraft sales, managed aircraft and subscription based revenue. Aircraft sales cost of revenue is our purchase price of the aircraft. Managed aircraft cost of revenue includes all costs incurred in our managed aircraft including the cost of flight crews, fuel, maintenance, and landing and other airport fees. Subscription costs includes costs we incur related to our proprietary software, the Vaunt platform.

Costs of revenue consists of the following (in thousands, except percentages):


	Year Ended December 31,				Change In
	2024		2023		$		%
Aircraft sales	$	32,037	$	17,765	$	14,272	80	%
Managed aircraft	6,610		12,900		(6,290)		(49)	%
Subscription	145		114		31		27	%
Total	$	38,792	$	30,779	$	8,013	26	%

Cost of revenue increased by $8.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase in cost of revenue was a result of an increase in aircraft sales as we took delivery of our first Gulfstream G280 aircraft in the year ended December 31, 2024. However, offsetting our increased costs attributable to our aircraft sales was the decrease in costs attributable to our managed aircraft which decreased approximately 49% year over year.

Selling, general and administrative

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $7.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 to $16.9 million, compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase in selling, general and administrative is primarily related to higher professional fees and other costs associated with the being a public company. Approximately $2.3 million of our general and administrative costs are attributable to costs to support and administer our public reporting and compliance obligations, such as legal fees, audit fees, fees owed to maintain our NYSE American listing, printing and SEC filing fees, and higher advertising and marketing fees of $1.3 million for our Vaunt platform. As a result of the transition of our flight operations to flyExclusive, we substantially reduced our projected costs and expect selling, general and administration costs to be approximately $1.9 million per quarter in 2025.

Gain from sale of consolidated entity

Gain on sale of consolidated entity consists of the gain on the sale of Fly Dreams LLC during 2023.

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Loss on change in value of forward purchase agreement

As part of the Business Combination, we entered into an agreement for an OTC Equity Prepaid Forward Transaction (the “Forward Purchase Agreement”). We recorded a fair value adjustment on the Forward Purchase Agreement resulting in a $13.4 million loss on the change in fair value as of December 31, 2023. In July 2024, the Forward Purchase Agreement was terminated. As of December 31, 2024, we recorded a fair value adjustment on the Forward Purchase Agreement resulting a non-cash loss of $3.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Loss on extinguishment of debt

The loss on extinguishment of debt upon relates to the settlement of certain liabilities by the issuance of shares of common stock at a discount.

Interest Expense

Interest expense primarily consists of interest related to our aircraft purchase and sale agreement with TVPX Aircraft Solutions, Inc., the business loan and security agreement with TVT Capital Source LLC, credit facilities and convertible notes and amortization of debt issuance costs. Interest expense increased $4.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily as a result of the aircraft purchase agreement and the business loan and security agreement.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

Our principal sources of liquidity have historically consisted of financing activities, including proceeds from the issuance of stock, borrowings under our credit facilities, and capital raises from convertible debt and preferred stock. We additionally managed liquidity through the aircraft sales which provides up front deposits from our customers and aircraft usage. As of December 31, 2024, we had $2.2 million of cash and cash equivalents and $1.8 million in restricted cash which will become available in Q1 2025. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (“Securities Purchase Agreement”). Under the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company has agreed to issue 10% original issue discount senior unsecured convertible promissory notes (“Notes”) in an aggregate original principal amount of up to $36.0 million, which will be convertible into shares of the Company’s Class A common stock. The closing of the first tranche was consummated on December 4, 2024, and the Company issued the initial Note for an aggregate original principal amount of $4.5 million (the “Initial Tranche”). The second Note is expected to be an aggregate original principal amount of $1.5 million, and will be issued after the satisfaction of certain conditions precedent, including the Company having an effective registration statement for the resale of the shares of common stock issuable pursuant to the Notes. Any additional Notes will be aggregate principal amounts agreed to by the parties; provided, that no additional Note will be in an amount in excess of $4.0 million, unless otherwise mutually agreed to by the Company and the investor. Further, no additional Notes will be issued at any time when the aggregate principal balance outstanding on all previously issued Notes is greater than $2.0 million. It is also a condition to closing of any additional Notes that during the twenty (20) trading days immediately preceding the most recent additional closing, a minimum of $500 thousand in shares of common stock has been traded and the daily VWAP (as defined in the Notes) of the common stock is greater than the Conversion Price (as defined in the Notes). Each Note will mature twelve (12) months after the issuance date.

During 2023, the pre-business combination Company closed a series of preferred stock subscriptions, raising a total of $24.2 million and converted $38.4 million of convertible promissory notes into shares of the Company’s preferred stock.

Our primary needs for liquidity are to fund working capital, acquisitions, debt service requirements, and for general corporate purposes.

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We believe factors that could affect our liquidity include the ability of Gulfstream to meet our delivery schedule and our ability to sell those aircraft, our ability to raise additional funds on favorable terms, the timing and extent of spending on software development and other growth initiatives, our ability to manage our expense, and overall economic conditions. To the extent that our current liquidity is insufficient to fund future activities, we will need to raise additional funds. We may attempt to raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities, through debt financing arrangements, or both. Raising additional funds by issuing equity securities will dilute the ownership of existing shareholders. The occurrence of additional debt financing would result in debt service obligations, and any future instruments governing such debt could provide for operating and financing covenants that could restrict our operations. In the event that additional funds are required from outside sources, we may not be able to raise it on terms acceptable to us or at all.

We have incurred negative cash flows from operating activities and significant losses from operations historically. We believe our cash on hand, together with our results of operations including our planned sale of aircraft during the year ending December 31, 2025, and any additional capital raise will be sufficient to meet our projected working capital and capital expenditure requirements for a period of at least 12 months from the date of this report.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, and 2023 (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2024		2023
Net cash used in operating activities	(16,919)		(30,393)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(115)		1,776
Net cash provided by financing activities	4,311		37,461
Net (Decrease) Increase In cash and restricted cash	$	(12,723)	$	8,844

Cash Flow from Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $16.9 million. The cash outflow from operating activities consisted of our net loss of $40.6 million, non-cash items of $6.8 million, and a change in net operating assets and liabilities of $16.9 million. The increase in net operating assets and liabilities was primarily as a result of an increase in customer deposits and deferred revenue of $8.7 million, a decrease in aircraft deposits of $4.3 million and an increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $2.6 million. The change in net assets and liabilities for discontinued operations for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 was $52 thousand.

Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $30.4 million. The cash outflow from operating activities consisted of our net loss of $52.8 million and non-cash items of $13.6 million. The change in net assets and liabilities for discontinued operations for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 was $9.1 million.

Cash Flow from Investing Activities

Net cash used by investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $115 thousand. The cash flow from investing activities consisted primarily of the purchase of property and equipment.

Net cash provided by investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $1.8 million. The cash flow from investing activities of discontinued operations of $2.4 million, offset by $0.6 million for capital expenditures.

Cash Flow from Financing Activities

Net cash from financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $4.3 million. Cash flow from financing activities consisted of proceeds of $7.9 million from the issuance of the term loan and convertible notes. This was offset by the payments on debt of $3.7 million.

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Net cash provided by financing activities for December 31, 2023 was $37.5 million. Cash flow from financing activities consisted proceeds of $24.2 million from the sale of preferred stock, $16.7 million from the Business Combination, net of closing costs, $12.7 million from the issuance of convertible notes, $2.5 million in proceeds from the forward purchase agreement and $1 million from our line of credit. This was offset by the payment for a forward purchase agreement of $18.9 and $0.8 million for the repayment of a loan.

Sources of Liquidity

To date, we have financed our operations primarily through the business combination, sale of preferred stock, borrowings of long-term and short-term debt, loans and convertible notes. As of December 31, 2024, we had a working capital deficit of approximately $18.9 million. As of December 31, 2024, our primary sources of liquidity were cash totaling approximately $2.2 million. Based on our recent trends, we expect to fund our operations in 2025 from our cash on hand, cash from operations, one or more sales of Notes (as defined below) and potentially additional sales of equity or debt securities. The Company believes it has the ability to generate and obtain enough cash to meets its obligations for the next 12 months.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company executed a series of purchase agreements with Gulfstream Aerospace, LP for the acquisition of four (4) Gulfstream G-280 aircraft. The first Gulfstream G280 was delivered in the third quarter of 2024. As of December 31, 2024, total consideration due on the remaining three Gulfstream G280s was $62.6 million with expected deliveries in 2025. Deposits on the Gulfstream G280s of $36.0 million were funded and paid through December 31, 2024, through a credit facility from SAC leasing G 280 for $28.5 million and $7.5 million through cash deposits.

The maturity date is the earlier of the delivery date of the aircraft or September 14, 2025, which is thirty-five (35) months from the date of funding. The purchase agreement contracts were assigned to SAC G280 LLC as collateral on this credit facility. In the third quarter of 2024, $9 million was repaid to SAC G280 LLC as a result of the delivery of the first Gulfstream G280. In the first quarter of 2025, an addition $18 million was repaid to SAC G280 LLC as a result of the delivery of the second Gulfstream G280 and the return of $9 million in deposits related to the fourth Gulfstream G280. After the delivery of the second Gulfstream G280 and the deposit return related to the fourth Gulfstream G280, the outstanding balance of the credit facility from SAC Leasing was $9 million.

In July 2024, the Company entered into a business loan and security agreement (the “Loan”) with TVT Capital Sources LLC (the “Lender”), which provides for a term loan in the amount of $4.0 million. Net proceeds of $3.8 million were received by the Company and used to fund operations. The Loan bears interest at an annual percentage rate of 165% and matures on January 28, 2025, with principal and interest payments made weekly. The Loan provides for events of default customary for term loans. As of December 31, 2024 the Company was in compliance with all covenants. The Loan is collateralized by all assets of the Company with the exception of the purchase agreements of G280 aircraft or any collateral pledged to SAC Leasing G280. In the first quarter of 2025, the term loan was repaid in full.

On November 4, 2024, the Company entered into a Settlement Agreement and Stipulation (the "Settlement Agreement”) with Sunpeak Holdings Corporation ("SHC”), which became effective on November 6, 2024, to settle outstanding claims owed to SHC. Pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, SHC agreed to purchase certain outstanding payables between the Company and designated vendors of the Company totaling approximately $4.7 million (the "Claims”) and exchange such Claims for a settlement amount payable in shares of common stock of the Company (the "Settlement Shares”). The Settlement Shares were priced at the closing price of the Company’s common stock on November 4, 2024, subject to adjustment pursuant to the terms of the Settlement Agreement. The Company also issued to SHC, 100,000 freely trading shares pursuant to Section 3(a)(10) of the Securities Act in accordance herewith as a Settlement Fee (the "Settlement Fee Shares”).

In December 2024, the Company entered into the Securities Purchase Agreement, described above, and closed on the Initial Tranche. Interest under the Note issued as the Initial Tranche is payable quarterly at the Company’s option shall either be (i) paid in cash; (ii) paid-in-kind in shares of common stock; or (iii) compound and become additional principal outstanding. The Company recorded $14 thousand of accrued interest expense in the twelve months ended December 31, 2024. As described above, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, the Company may issue additional Notes during 2025.

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On December 9, 2021, the Company entered into a revolving loan agreement with Dennis Liotta, an affiliate of the Company, for a total amount of $8 million which was set to mature on January 1, 2023 (“December 2021 note”). The Company was required to make monthly payments of interest at a fixed rate of 4.0% per annum. In conjunction with the execution of the revolving note, both parties executed a security agreement, under which the Company granted a continuing security interest in all of the assets of the Company.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company did not remit its interest payments in connection with the December 2021 note to this related party, thus triggering a default and increasing the interest rate to 9% plus an additional 5% on the missed payments. The agreement stipulated that in the event of default, the entire unpaid principal balance together with all accrued but unpaid interest shall be due and payable regardless of the maturity date. If the default occurred and remained uncured beyond the applicable grace period, then the entire unpaid principal balance would bear interest at a default interest of 500 basis points (5%) over the regular interest or nine percent (9%). Events of default include the failure to make principal or interest payments when due, any judgement in excess of $500,000, indebtedness cross default, or bankruptcy proceedings.

On March 15, 2023, the outstanding balance of the December 2021 note and accrued interest was converted into a convertible note with a principal balance of $6.0 million bearing interest at 4%, maturing on March 31, 2024.

On March 15, 2023, the Company entered into a promissory note agreement with Dennis Liotta, an affiliate of the Company, for a total amount of $1.0 million, with an effective date of February 27, 2023, which matures on March 31, 2024 (“March 2023 note”). The entire outstanding principal balance together with accrued but unpaid interest are due at the maturity date. The March 2023 note includes a ten percent (10%) interest rate per annum, which will be increased to twenty percent (20%) upon an event of default. Events of default include the failure to make any principal and accrued interest when due, any legal proceedings against the Company or a voluntary federal bankruptcy. The March 2023 note may be prepaid at any time without penalties.

During the year ended December 31, 2022 and year ended December 31, 2023, we issued a series of convertible notes (“Series CN-001”) with various investors for an aggregate principal amount of $19.1 million. The notes were due and payable at any time on or after December 31, 2023 upon the written demand of the majority holders, which could be extended at the sole election of the Company to December 31, 2024, should the Company submit or file a prospectus, proxy statement or registration statement with the SEC. The convertibles notes carried a five percent (5%) interest per annum. The Company could not prepay the convertible notes prior to maturity without the written consent of a majority of the holders. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company issued a series of convertible notes (“Series CN-002”) in an aggregate principal amount of $16.4 million, of which $10.4 million was funded and $6.0 million was issued pursuant to the conversion of the line of credit with a related party (see above). The notes (principal and interest) were due and payable at any time on or after March 31, 2024, upon the written demand of the majority holders, which can be extended at the sole election of the Company to September 30, 2024, should the Company submit or file a prospectus, proxy statement or registration statement with the SEC. The convertibles notes carried a four percent (4%) coupon per annum effective July 1, 2023. The Company could not prepay the convertible notes prior to maturity without the written consent of a majority of the holders.

On July 21, 2023, Volato entered into a Series A Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement by and among (i) Volato, (ii) the PROOF.vc SPV, (iii) Proof Acquisition Sponsor I, LLC (“PASI”), and (iv) the holders of then-outstanding Series CN-001 and Series CN-0002 convertible promissory notes (the “Convertible Notes”), whereby (a) Volato may issue and sell up to a maximum aggregate of $60.0 million of Series A-1 Preferred Stock (the “Series A-1 Preferred Stock”) at a price of $10 per share, with $10.0 million of Series A-1 Preferred Stock issued and sold at an initial closing to the PROOF Investors, and (b) the Convertible Notes were converted into the amount of Series A-2 Preferred Stock (the “Series A-2 Preferred Stock”) or Series A-3 Preferred Stock (the “Series A-3 Preferred Stock” and together with the Series A-1 Preferred Stock and the Series A-2 Preferred Stock, the “Series A Preferred Stock”) at a conversion price of, in the case of the Series A-2 Preferred Stock, $5.9820 per share and in the case of the Series A-3 Preferred Stock, $9.00 per share (collectively, the “Private Financing”, such agreement, the “Series A Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement”).

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company issued Series A-1 Preferred Stock and raised $24.2 million in cash from the issuance of Series A-1 Preferred Stock and converted $38.4 million of convertible promissory notes. During 2023, PROOF Acquisition Sponsor I, LLC purchased 1,308,398 shares of Series A-1 Preferred Stock (equal to 1,328,132 shares of Common Stock) and the PROOF.vc SPV purchased 1,102,689 shares of Series A-1 Preferred Stock (equal to 1,119,321 shares of Common Stock, respectively), at a purchase price of $10 per share.

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For further information on the credit facilities and promissory notes, see Note 12 “Revolving Loan and Promissory Note – Related Party”, Note 13“Unsecured Convertible Notes”, and Note 14 “Credit Facility and Other Loans” of the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

Our principal commitments consist of contractual cash obligations under our credit facilities, operating leases and the Notes. We have committed to acquire three (3) additional Gulfstream G-280 aircraft for total consideration of $62.6 million with expected deliveries in 2025, of which $36 million was funded and paid through December 31, 2024.

Our obligations under our credit facilities and the Notes are described in “—Sources of Liquidity” above. For further information on leases see Note 18 “Commitments and Contingencies” of the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

On November 28, 2023, the Company and Vellar entered into an agreement (the “Forward Purchase Agreement”) for an OTC Equity Prepaid Forward Transaction (the “Forward Purchase Transaction”).

Pursuant to the terms of the Forward Purchase Agreement, Vellar purchased 1.7 million shares of the Company’s Class A common stock (the “Number of Shares”) prior to the closing of the Business Combination from third parties through a broker in the open market.

Pursuant to the Forward Purchase Agreement, Vellar was paid $18.9 million by the Company in connection with its purchase of shares of the Company’s Class A common stock on December 1, 2023.

From time to time and on any date following the Business Combination (any such date, an “OET Date”), Vellar may, in its absolute discretion, terminate the Forward Purchase Agreement in whole or in part by providing written notice to the Counterparty (the “OET Notice”) that specifies the quantity by which the Number of Shares shall be reduced (such quantity, the “Terminated Shares”). The effect of an OET Notice shall be to reduce the Number of Shares by the number of Terminated Shares specified in such OET Notice with effect as of the related OET Date. As of each OET Date, the Company shall be entitled to an amount from Vellar, and Vellar shall pay to the Company an amount, equal to the product of (x) the number of Terminated Shares and (y) the Reset Price (as that term is defined in the Forward Purchase Agreement) in respect of such OET Date. The Reset Price is equal to $10.81, but is subject to reduction upon a Dilutive Offering Reset (as that term is defined in the Forward Purchase Agreement).

Vellar delivered an OET Notice on December 29, 2023, reducing the Number of Shares by 233,646. The Company received a payment of $2.5 million on December 29, 2023 in connection with its delivery of the OET Notice.

In July 2024, Vellar notified the Company of the termination of the Forward Purchase Agreement, following a delivery of a notice establishing the Valuation Date (as defined in the Forward Purchase Agreement); upon termination, Vellar was not obligated to pay the Company a cash amount.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of our operations is based on our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. Certain amounts included in or affecting the consolidated financial statements presented in this Annual Report and related disclosure must be estimated, requiring management to make assumptions with respect to values or conditions which cannot be known with certainty at the time the consolidated financial statements are prepared. Management believes that the accounting policies set forth below comprise the most important “critical accounting policies” for the company. A “critical accounting policy” is one which is both important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and that involves difficult, subjective, or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Management evaluates such policies on an ongoing basis, based upon historical results and experience, consultation with experts and other methods that management considers reasonable in the particular circumstances under which the judgments and estimates are made, as well as management’s forecasts as to the manner in which such circumstances may change in the future.

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Revenue Recognition

Revenues are recognized on a gross basis and presented on the consolidated statements of operations net of rebates, discounts, and taxes collected concurrent with revenue-producing activities. The transaction price in the Company’s contracts with its customers is fixed at the time control of goods and services are transferred to the customer. Therefore, the Company does not estimate variable consideration or perform a constraint analysis for our contracts.

The Company determines revenue recognition pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, through the following steps:

1.Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer.

2.Identification of the performance obligation(s) in the contract.

3.Determination of the transaction price.

4.Allocation of the transaction to the performance obligation(s) in the contract.

The Company generates revenue primarily through: (i) the sale of aircraft, (ii) aircraft management services and (iii) our Vaunt software-as-a-subscription platform. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised service is transferred to a customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services. At contract inception, the Company assesses the goods and services promised in its contracts with customers and identifies, as a performance obligation, each promise to transfer a good or service to a customer that is distinct. To identify its performance obligations, the Company considers all of the goods and services promised in the contract regardless of whether they are explicitly stated or are implied by customary business practices.

For each revenue stream, we evaluate whether our obligation is to provide the good or service itself, as the principal or to arrange for the good or service to be provided by the other party, as the agent, using the control model. For certain services provided to the customer, primarily in our aircraft management services revenue stream, the Company directs third-party providers to assist in our fulfillment of the performance obligation in contracts with our customers. Any cost reimbursements and third-party costs are recognized in revenue on a gross basis as Volato has pre-negotiated these costs and takes a certain amount of risk that it will not fully recover the costs incurred. In such circumstances, the Company is primarily responsible for satisfying the overall performance obligation with the customer and is considered the principal in the relationship because the Company has the ability to direct the third parties to provide services to our customers.

Revenue from aircraft sales is recognized upon the delivery of the aircraft.

The Company’s contracts for managing aircraft provide for fixed monthly management fees and reimbursement of operating expenses at a predetermined margin. Generally, contracts require two months advance deposit of estimated expenses.

Intangible Assets

We record our intangible assets acquired in a business combination at cost in accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and impairment losses, if any, and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset, which was determined based on management’s estimate of the period over which the asset will contribute to our future cash flows. We periodically reassess the useful lives of our definite-lived intangible assets when events or circumstances indicate that useful lives have significantly changed from the previous estimate.

We review the intangible assets for impairment on an annual basis or if events or changes in circumstances indicate it is more likely than not that they are impaired. These events could include a significant change in the business climate, legal factors, a decline in operating performance, competition, sale, or disposition of a significant portion of the business, or other factors. If the carrying amount of a long-lived asset or asset group is determined not to be recoverable, an impairment loss is recognized and a write-down to fair value is recorded.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the aggregate purchase price paid over the fair value of the net assets acquired in a business combination. Goodwill is not amortized and is tested for impairment at least annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.

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Events or changes in circumstances that could trigger an impairment review include a significant adverse change in business climate, an adverse action or assessment by a regulator, unanticipated competition, a loss of key personnel, significant changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or the strategy for our overall business, significant negative industry or economic trends, or significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future results of operations. We have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, including goodwill.

If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, we determine that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, additional impairment testing is not required. We test for goodwill impairment annually during the fourth quarter.

Investment - Equity Method

The Company accounts for its equity method investment at cost, adjusted for the Company’s share of the investee’s earnings or losses, which is reflected in the consolidated statement of operations. The Company periodically reviews the investment for other than temporary declines in fair value below cost and more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation costs under the provisions of ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”), which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense related to the fair value of stock-based compensation awards that are ultimately expected to vest. The Company recognizes the cost of services received in exchange for awards of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of equity awards. This cost is recognized as expense over the employee’s requisite vesting period or over the nonemployee’s period of providing goods or services. Any forfeitures of stock-based compensation are recorded as they occur.

The Company utilizes the Black Scholes valuation model to value the issuance of stock-based compensation. See Note 17, “Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit)” of the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

JOBS Act

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act. The JOBS Act permits emerging growth companies to take advantage of an extended transition period to comply with new or revised accounting standards, delaying the adoption of these accounting standards until they would apply to private companies. We have elected to use this extended transition period under the JOBS Act until the earlier of the date we (i) are no longer an emerging growth company or (ii) affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates.

We may remain an emerging growth company until the last day of the fiscal year ending after the fifth anniversary of our IPO, although circumstances could cause us to lose that status earlier, including if we become a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act or if we have total annual gross revenue of $1.235 billion or more during any fiscal year before that time, in which cases we would no longer be an emerging growth company as of the following December 31 or, if we issue more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during any three year period before that time, we would cease to be an emerging growth company immediately.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For further information on recent accounting pronouncements, see Note 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the accompanying consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

In the ordinary course of operating our business, we are exposed to market risks. Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position or results of operations due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. Our principal market risks are related to interest rates and aircraft fuel.

Interest Rates

We are subject to market risk associated with changing interest rates on certain of our credit facilities, which are variable rate debt. Interest rates applicable to our variable rate debt could potentially rise and increase the amount of interest expense incurred. We do not purchase or hold any derivative instruments to protect against the effects of changes in interest rates.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

INDEX TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

VOLATO GROUP, INC.


Audited Consolidated Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 468)			45
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 202 4 and 2023			46
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 202 4 and 2023			47
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit) for the years ended December 31, 202 4 and 2023			48
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 202 4 and 2023			49
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements			51

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders

Volato Group, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Volato Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2024, and 2023 and the related statements of operations, shareholders’ equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Explanatory Paragraph – Going Concern

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has incurred significant operating losses and negative cash flows from operations, and has limited positive working capital. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2022.

Rose, Snyder & Jacobs LLP

Encino, California

March 31, 2025

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VOLATO GROUP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Amounts in thousands, except par value amounts)


	December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash	$	2,161	$	14,486
Restricted cash	1,839		—
Accounts receivable, net	2		442
Deposits	36,000		25,125
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,070		1,873
Current assets - discontinued operations	2,242		4,572
Total current assets	43,314		46,498

Property and equipment, net	683		846
Operating lease, right-of-use assets	167		—

Deposits	300		15,250
Forward purchase agreement	—		2,982
Restricted cash	—		2,237
Intangibles, net	1,200		1,391
Goodwill	635		635
Non-current assets - discontinued operations	—		1,873
Total assets	$	46,299	$	71,712

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	5,710	$	4,255
Loan from related party	—		1,000
Convertible notes, net	4,050		—
Operating lease liability	39		—
Merger transaction costs payable in shares	—		4,250
Credit facility and other loans	28,855		20,107
Customer deposits and deferred revenue	11,538		2,831
Current liabilities - discontinued operations	12,008		15,194
Total current liabilities	62,200		47,637

Deferred income tax liability	305		305
Operating lease liability, non-current	128		—
Credit facility, non-current	—		8,054
Non-current liabilities - discontinued operations	—		965
Total liabilities	$	62,633	$	56,961
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 18)

Shareholders’ equity (deficit):
Common Stock Class A, $0.0001 par value; 200,000,000 authorized; 1,843,852 and 1,121,738 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively	5		3
Additional paid-in capital	87,968		78,410
Stock subscriptions receivable	—		—
Accumulated deficit	(104,307)		(63,662)
Total shareholders’ equity (deficit)	(16,334)		14,751
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity (deficit)	46,299		$	71,712

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VOLATO GROUP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Amounts in thousands, except share data)


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2024		2023
Revenue	$	46,288	$	35,573




Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue	38,792		30,779
Selling, general and administrative	16,861		9,235
Total costs and expenses	55,653		40,014

Operating Loss	(9,365)		(4,440)

Other income (expenses):

Gain from sale of consolidated entity	—		387

Other income	212		180
Loss from change in fair value forward purchase agreement	(2,983)		(13,403)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	(2,804)		—
Interest expense, net	(7,493)		(3,358)
Other income (expenses)	(13,068)		(16,194)

Loss before provision for income taxes and discontinued operations	(22,433)		(20,634)
Provision for incomes taxes (benefit)	(507)		2
Net loss from continuing operations	(21,926)		(20,636)
Net loss from discontinued operations	(18,719)		(32,186)


Net loss	$	(40,645)	$	(52,822)

Basic and diluted net loss per share
Net loss per share from continuing operations, basic and diluted	$	(13.17)	$	(33.84)
Net loss per share from discontinued operations, basic and diluted	$	(11.25)	$	(52.78)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(24.42)	$	(86.62)

Weighted average common share outstanding:
Basic and diluted	1,664,502		609,800

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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VOLATO GROUP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

(Amounts in thousands, except shares)


	Class A Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital			Subscription Receivable		Retained Deficit		Total Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit)
		Shares			Amount
Balance as of December 31, 2022, As adjusted		450,755	1			5,185		(15)		(10,840)		(5,669)
Cash collected from subscription receivable		—	—			—		15		—		15
Stock-based compensation		—	—			82		—		—		82
Issuance of common stock to employees		378	—			94		—		—		94
Reverse capitalization, net of transaction costs		346,039	1			10,461		—		—		10,462
Exercise of stock options		8,294	—			23		—		—		23
Issuance of Preferred series A-1 shares, converted to Class A common stock following business combination		97,898	—			24,204		—		—		24,204
Issuance of Preferred series A-2 and A-3 shares from conversion of notes payable, converted to Class A common stock following business combination		218,375	1			38,361		—		—		38,362
Net loss		—	—			—		—		(52,822)		(52,822)
Balance as of December 31, 2023, As Adjusted		1,121,738	$	3		$	78,410	$	—	$	(63,662)	$	14,751


	Class A Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Deficit		Total Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit)
	Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2023, as Adjusted	1,121,738	$	3	$	78,410	$	(63,662)	$	14,751
Stock-based compensation	—	—		211		—		211
Exercise of stock options	34,052	—		94		—		$	94
Issuance of common stock	639,720	2		5,003		—		5,005
Common stock and warrant reclass from in-kind liability to APIC	48,342	—		4,250		—		4,250
Net loss	—	—		—		(40,645)		(40,645)
Balance at December 31, 2024, as Adjusted	1,843,852	$	5	$	87,968	$	(104,307)	$	(16,334)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these audited consolidated financial statements.

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VOLATO GROUP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Amounts in thousands)


	For the Years ended December 31,
	2024		2023
Operating activities:
Net loss from continuing operations	(21,926)		(20,636)
Net loss from discontinued operations	(18,719)		(32,186)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense	341		200
Stock compensation expense	211		82
Fair value of common stock issued to employees	—		94
Gain from sale of property and equipment	(2)		—
Loss on extinguishment of debt	2,804		—
Loss on impairment of intangible assets	130		—

Gain from sale of consolidated entity	—		(387)


Amortization right-of-use asset	34		—
Amortization of debt discount	301		183
Change in fair value forward purchase agreement	2,983		13,403
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	441		296
Prepaid and other current assets	804		(1,589)
Deposits	4,325		(3,104)
Account payable and accrued liabilities	2,629		2,451
Operating lease liability	(34)		—
Customers’ deposits and deferred revenue	8,707		1,733
Change in assets and liabilities of discontinued operations	52		9,067
Net cash used in operating activities	(16,919)		(30,393)
Investing activities:
Cash payment for property and equipment	(145)		(637)
Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment	30		—






Cash from investing activities - discontinued operations	—		2,413
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(115)		1,776
Financing activities:
Proceeds from lines of credit	—		1,000
Repayments of lines of credit	(1,000)		—
Collection on subscription receivable	—		15
Proceeds from issuance of term loan	3,884		—
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes, net	4,050		12,670
Purchase of forward purchase agreement	—		(18,911)
Proceeds from forward purchase agreement	—		2,525

Repayment on loans	(2,717)		(787)
Proceeds from business combination	—		19,081
Business combination closing costs	—		(2,359)
Proceeds from the sale of preferred stock	—		24,204
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	94		23
Net cash provided by financing activities	4,311		37,461
Net (decrease) increase in cash	(12,723)		8,844
Cash and restricted cash, beginning of year	16,723		7,879
Cash and restricted cash, end of period	$	4,000	$	16,723
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	5,640	$	2,268

Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities:
Credit facility for the aircraft deposits	—		24,000
Conversion of line of credit to convertible note with related party	—		6,001
Original debt discount	—		230
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock class A	—		62,565

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Merger transaction cost payable in stock	—	4,250
Liabilities assumed in merger transaction unpaid at 12/31/2023	—	1,722

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these audited consolidated financial statements.

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VOLATO GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

December 31, 2024

NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

Volato Group, Inc. (“we”, “us”, “the Company”, or “Volato”) is a holding company for several wholly owned subsidiaries, including Volato, Inc., Fly Vaunt, LLC, Gulf Coast Aviation, Inc. and GC Aviation. The Company’s primary operating subsidiary was founded in 2021. That year, the Company entered the private jet charter and fractional ownership market with its Part 135 HondaJet ownership program, taking delivery of its first jet in August 2021 and completing its first Part 135 charter flight in October of 2021. In March 2022, the Company acquired Gulf Coast Aviation, Inc., owner of G C Aviation, Inc., a Texas entity and Part 135 air carrier certificate holder. In March 2022, the Company placed orders for four Gulfstream G280s for delivery in 2024 and 2025. In September 2022, the Company started internal development on its full suite Flight Management Software platform Mission Control, and on October 4, 2023 the Company announced the commercial launch of Vaunt, our proprietary consumer facing empty leg platform.

On December 1, 2023, Volato, Inc. (“Legacy Volato”), a Georgia corporation, PROOF Acquisition Corp I, a Delaware corporation (“PACI”) and PACI Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of PACI (“Merger Sub”), consummated the business combination pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, dated August 1, 2023 (the “Business Combination Agreement”). Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, a business combination between PACI and Legacy Volato was effected through the merger of Merger Sub with and into Legacy Volato, with Legacy Volato surviving the merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of PACI (the “Business Combination,” and together with the other transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement and the other agreements contemplated thereby, the “Transactions”). In connection with the consummation of the Business Combination (the “Closing”), PACI changed its name to “Volato Group, Inc.”

Legacy Volato was deemed the accounting acquirer in the business combination. This determination was primarily based on Legacy Volato’s stockholders prior to the business combination having a majority of the voting power in the combined company, Legacy Volato having the ability to appoint a majority of the board of directors of the combined company (the “Board”), Legacy Volato’s existing management comprising the senior management of the combined company, Legacy Volato comprising the ongoing operations of the combined company, Legacy Volato being the larger entity based on historical revenues and business operations, and the combined company assuming Legacy Volato’s name.

Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the business combination was treated as the equivalent of Legacy Volato issuing stock for the net assets of PACI, accompanied by a recapitalization. Under this method of accounting, PACI who was the legal acquirer, is treated as the “acquired” company (“accounting acquiree”) for financial reporting purposes. The net assets of PACI are stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. The equity structure has been restated in all comparative periods up to the closing date to reflect the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share, issued to Legacy Volato stockholders in connection with the business combination.

As such, the shares and corresponding capital amounts and earnings per share related to Legacy Volato’s common stock prior to the business combination have been retroactively restated as shares reflecting the exchange ratio of approximately 1.01508 pursuant to the terms of the business combination. Legacy Convertible Preferred Stock was retroactively adjusted, converted into Common Stock, and reclassified to permanent as a result of the reverse recapitalization.

In September 2024, the Company entered into an agreement with flyExclusive, Inc., a leading provider of private jet charter services, to transition the management of its aircraft ownership fleet operations to flyExclusive. This move is expected to bring substantial cost savings and provide Volato with the opportunity to focus on its high-growth areas, including aircraft sales and proprietary software. The Company will continue to take delivery of new aircraft while also generating revenue from its proprietary software, including the Vaunt platform, its empty leg consumer app. In the fourth quarter of 2024, we transferred the aircraft lease agreements to flyExclusive and have no further obligations under the aircraft lease agreements or control over flight operations.

On February 12, 2025, the Board unanimously approved a reverse stock split of the Company’s Common Stock, at a ratio of 1-for-25 (the “Reverse Stock Split”). The Reverse Stock Split became effective on February 24, 2025, with no change in par value. All share amounts have been retroactively adjusted to account for the split as if it occurred at inception.

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NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Going concern, liquidity, and capital resources

The Company has only recently been formed, has limited operating history, has recorded a net loss of approximately $40.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, has a negative working capital of approximately $18.8 million, and has an accumulated deficit of approximately $104.3 million as of December 31, 2024. Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2024, was approximately $16.9 million.

These above matters raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. During the next twelve months, the Company intends to fund its operations through the issuance of financial instruments including debts or equity, extend the use of its line of credit and the sale of aircraft at a premium to cost.

Accordingly, management believes that its current cash position, along with its anticipated margin from aircraft sales and proceeds from future debt and/or equity financings, when combined with prudent expense management, will allow the Company to continue as a going concern and to fund its operations for at lease one year from the date of issuance of these financial statements. There are no assurances, however, that management will be able to raise capital or debt on terms acceptable to the Company. If the Company is unable to obtain sufficient additional capital or debt on terms acceptable to the Company, the Company may be required to reduce the near-term scope of its planned development and operations, which could delay implementation of the Company’s business plan and harm its business, financial condition, and operating results. The balance sheet does not include any adjustments that might result from these uncertainties.

Basis of presentation

The Company’s financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP” or “GAAP”) on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts in 2023 have been reclassified to conform with the current year’s presentation, primarily to reflect discontinued operations.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the Company’s accounts and the accounts of its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries, Volato, Inc., a company incorporated in the State of Georgia, Gulf Coast Aviation, Inc. renamed Volato Aircraft Management Service (“VAMS”), a company incorporated in the State of Texas, GC Aviation, Inc., a company incorporated in the State of Texas, Fly Vaunt, LLC, a company incorporated in the State of Georgia, and Fly Dreams LLC, until March 3, 2023.

The Company’s consolidated subsidiaries were as follows:


Name of Consolidated Subsidiaries or Entities	State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization	Attributable Interest
Volato, Inc. (Legacy Volato)	Georgia	100	%
Gulf Coast Aviation, Inc.	Texas	100	%
G C Aviation, Inc.	Texas	100	%
Fly Vaunt, LLC	Georgia	100	%
Fly Dreams, LLC (until March 3, 2023)	Georgia	100	%

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One of the components of the Company’s business model included the sale of aircraft and ownership program. The aircraft ownership program was a model whereby the Company sold each fleet aircraft to a limited liability company, which was previously referred to as “Plane Co”. The Plane Co, which is owned by third-party owners, leased the aircraft back to the Company for management and charter operations on behalf of the LLC under 14 C.F.R. Part 135 certificate.

The Company does not hold any controlling interest in any Plane Co as of December 31, 2024, or 2023. In October 2024, as part of the agreement with flyExclusive, the Company sold its interest in the Plane Co’s to flyExclusive.

Fly Dreams held the Federal Aviation Agency (“FAA”) certificate and conducts air carrier operations through an aircraft charter Management and Dry Lease Agreement with each of the Plane Co’s. On March 3, 2023, Legacy Volato transferred its Fly Dreams LLC operation to its wholly owned subsidiary Gulf Coast Aviation (“GCA”) and sold all of its membership interest in Fly Dreams LLC, including Fly Dreams FAA part 135 Certificate. Legacy Volato now conducts its operations under GCA FAA Part 135 Certificate. The selling price was $550 thousand, which resulted in the recognition of $387 thousand in gain, which is presented in other income (expense) in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023.

The Company does not hold any controlling interest in any limited liability companies as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates. Such estimates include:

•Useful lives of property, plant, and equipment.

•Assumptions used in valuing equity instruments.

•Deferred income taxes and related valuation allowance.

•Assessment of long-lived assets impairment.

•Assumptions used in the valuation of the forward purchase agreement

Cash and restricted cash

Cash consists primarily of cash on hand and bank deposits. The Company maintains cash deposits with financial institutions that may exceed federally insured limits at times. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had no cash equivalents besides what was in the cash balance as of this date. The Company has $1.8 million and $2.2 million of restricted cash at December 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively, which serves as collateral for the credit facility with SAC Leasing G280 LLC.

Investment - Equity Method

The Company accounts for its equity method investment at cost, adjusted for the Company’s share of the investee’s earnings or losses, which is reported under other income (expense) in the consolidated statement of operations. The Company periodically reviews its investment for other than temporary declines in fair value below cost and more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable.

As of December 31, 2023, the only equity-method investment was Volato 158 LLC with a 3.13% equity interest. As of December 31, 2023, management believes the carrying value of its equity method investments was recoverable in all material respects. In October 2024, the Company sold the interest in Volato 158 LLC to flyExclusive and recorded a loss of $162 thousand in the year ended December 31, 2024.

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Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivables are reported on the consolidated balance sheets at the outstanding principal amount adjusted for any allowance for credit losses and any charge offs. The Company provides an allowance for credit losses to reduce trade receivables to their estimated net realizable value equal to the amount that is expected to be collected. This allowance is estimated based on historical collection experience, the aging of receivables, specific current and expected future macro-economic and market conditions, and assessments of the current creditworthiness and economic status of customers. The Company considers a receivable delinquent if it is unpaid after the term of the related invoice has expired. Balances that are still outstanding after management has used reasonable collection efforts are written off. The Company reviews its allowance for credit losses on a quarterly basis

The Company recognized approximately zero and $106 thousand of bad debt expense during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Fixed Assets

Fixed assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, which range from three to seven years:


Classification						Life
Machinery and equipment						3-7 years
Automobiles						5 years
Computer and office equipment						5 years
Website development costs						3 years

Computer Software Development

Software development costs are accounted for in accordance with ASC 350-40, Internal Use Software. Internal software development costs are capitalized from the time the internal use software is considered probable of completion until the software is ready for use. Business analysis, system evaluation and software maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.

The capitalized computer software development costs are reported under the section fixed assets, net in the consolidated balance sheet and are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the software, generally three years from when the asset is placed in service. The Company capitalized $142 thousand and $323 thousand of internal software development costs incurred during the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company recognized $132 thousand and $25 thousand of amortization expense during the year ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company also expenses internal costs related to minor upgrades and enhancements, as it is impractical to separate these costs from normal maintenance activities.

Website development cost

The costs incurred for activities during the website application and infrastructure development stage are capitalized in accordance with the guidance on internal-use software in ASC 350-40. The Company capitalized approximately zero and $241 thousand of website development costs during the year ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company recognized approximately $97 thousand and $56 thousand of amortization expense during the year ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Valuation of Long-Lived Assets:

In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (“FASB ASC”) 360, property, plant, and equipment, and long-lived assets are analyzed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable. The Company evaluates at each balance sheet date whether events and circumstances have occurred that indicate possible impairment. If there are indications of impairment, the Company uses future undiscounted cash flows of the related asset or asset grouping over the remaining life in measuring whether the assets are recoverable. In the event such cash flows are not expected to be sufficient to recover the recorded asset values, the assets are written down to their estimated fair value. No impairment was recognized during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

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Fair value of financial instruments

The Company adopted the provisions of FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820 (the “Fair Value Topic”) which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value under U.S. GAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.

The Company measures fair value under a framework that utilizes a hierarchy prioritizing the inputs to relevant valuation techniques. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of inputs used in measuring fair value are:

▪Level 1: Inputs to the valuation methodology are unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the Company as the ability to access.

▪Level 2: Inputs to the valuation methodology include:

•Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets.

•Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets.

•Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability.

•Inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market date by correlation or other means; and

•If the asset or liability has a specified (contractual) term, the Level 2 input must be observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

▪Level 3: Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

The fair value of the Company’s recorded forward purchase agreement (“FPA”) is determined based on unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data, which require a Level 3 classification. A Monte Carlo simulation model was used to determine the fair value as of December 31, 2023. The Company records the forward purchase agreement at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets with changes in fair value recorded in the consolidated statements of operation. On July 23, 2024, the Company received notice of termination of the Forward Purchase Agreement and recognized an impairment in the value of the Forward purchase Agreement in the second quarter of 2024 due to receipt of the termination notice.

In December 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (“Securities Purchase Agreement”). Under the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company may issue a series of convertible notes the “2024 Convertible note” for an aggregate principal not to exceed $36.0 million. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company issued a single convertible note in an aggregate principal amount of $4.5 million, of which $4.1 million was funded as of December 31, 2024, representing an original issue discount of ten percent. The Company elected the fair value guidance under ASC 825-10 and the initial note was recognized at initial fair value as of the issuance date. The value of the convertible note issued in December 2024 at issuance approximated fair value as of December 31, 2024.

The following table presents balances of the fair value instruments as of December 31, 2024, in thousands:


	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2024
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Forward Purchase Agreement	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
2024 Convertible Notes	—		—		4,050		4,050
Total	$	—	$	—	$	4,050	$	4,050

The following table presents changes of the forward purchase agreement with significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, in thousand:

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	Forward Purchase Agreement
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	—
Cash funded	18,911
Proceeds	(2,525)
Change in fair value	(13,403)
Balance December 31, 2023	$	2,983
Cash funded	—
Proceeds	—
Change in fair value	(2,983)
Balance December 31, 2024	$	—

The Company measured the forward purchase agreement using a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model using the following assumptions:


			For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
Volume Weighted average stock price ("VWAP")			$3.82
Initial Price			$10.81
Expected Volatility			87.0%
Term			1.92
Risk-free Rate			4.2%

The following table presents changes of the Convertible Notes with significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the year ended December 31, 2024, in thousand:


	Convertible Notes
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	—
Fair value at issuance	4,050
Change in fair value	—
Balance at December 31, 2024	$	4,050

The carrying amount of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities, such as cash, accounts receivable, prepaid and other assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses, deposits, and members’ deposit approximate their fair value because of the short maturity of those instruments. The Company’s credit facility, convertible notes and other loans approximate the fair value of such liabilities based upon management’s best estimate of interest rates that would be available to the Company for similar financial arrangements and due to the short-term maturity of these instruments at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Commitments and contingencies

The Company follows subtopic 450-20 of the FASB ASC to report accounting for contingencies. Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines and penalties and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the assessment can be reasonably estimated.

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Warrants

The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in ASC 480 Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”) and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the warrants are indexed to the Company’s own Common Stock, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent reporting period end date while the warrants are outstanding. All of the Company’s warrants have met the criteria for equity treatment.

Revenue recognition

The Company determines revenue recognition pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, through the following steps:

1.Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer.

2.Identification of the performance obligation(s) in the contract.

3.Determination of the transaction price.

4.Allocation of the transaction to the performance obligation(s) in the contract.

The Company generates revenue primarily through: (i) the sale of aircraft, (ii) aircraft management services, and (iii) our Vaunt software-as-a-subscription product. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised service is transferred to a customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services. At contract inception, the Company assesses the goods and services promised in its contracts with customers and identifies, as a performance obligation, each promise to transfer a good or service to a customer that is distinct. To identify its performance obligations, the Company considers all of the goods and services promised in the contract regardless of whether they are explicitly stated or are implied by customary business practices.

Revenue from aircraft sales is recognized upon the delivery of the aircraft.

Contract liabilities consist of customer prepayments and the aircraft deposits referred to above. Total contract liabilities were $11.5 million and $2.8 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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The Company has generated revenue during the year ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, broken down as follows, in thousands:


	Year ended December 31,
	2024		2023
Aircraft sales	$	38,150	$	21,443
Managed Aircraft	7,224		14,107
Subscription	914		23
Total	$	46,288	$	35,573

Income taxes

The Company follows Section 740-10-30 of the FASB ASC, which requires recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are based on the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the fiscal year in which the temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance to the extent management concludes it is more likely than not that the assets will not be realized. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company follows the guidance of 740-10-25 of the FASB ASC (“Section 740-10-25”) with regards to uncertainty in income taxes. Section 740-10-25 addresses the determination of whether tax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax return should be recorded in the financial statements. Under Section 740-10-25, the Company may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent (50%) likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Section 740-10-25 also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties on income taxes, accounting in interim periods and requires increased disclosures. The Company had no material adjustments to its assets and/or liabilities for unrecognized income tax benefits according to the provisions of Section 740-10-25.

The Company is subject to tax in the United States (“U.S.”) and files tax returns in the U.S. Federal jurisdiction, and state jurisdictions. The Company is subject to U.S. Federal, state, and local income tax examinations by tax authorities. The Company currently is not under examination by any tax authority.

Stock-based compensation

The Company accounts for equity-based compensation using the fair value method as set forth in the ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation, which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all stock-based payment awards based on estimated fair values. This method requires companies to estimate the fair value of stock-based compensation on the date of grant using an option pricing model. The Company estimates the fair value of each equity-based payment award on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes pricing model.

The Black-Scholes model determines the fair value of equity-based payment awards based on the fair value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant and requires the use of estimates and assumptions, including the fair value of the Company’s common stock, exercise price of the stock option, expected volatility, expected life, risk-free interest rate and dividend rate. The Company estimates the expected volatility of its stock options by taking the average historical volatility of a group of comparable publicly traded companies over a period equal to the expected life of the options; it is not practical for the Company to estimate its own volatility due to the lack of historical prices. The expected term of the options is determined in accordance with existing equity agreements as the underlying options are assumed to be exercised upon the passage of time. The risk-free interest rate is the estimated average interest rate based on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon notes with terms consistent with the expected life of the awards. The expected dividend yield is zero as the Company does not anticipate paying any recurring cash dividends in the foreseeable future. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.

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Net loss per share

The Company computes basic and diluted earnings per share amounts pursuant to section 260-10-45 of the FASB ASC. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders, by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, excluding the effects of any potentially dilutive securities. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the diluted weighted average number of shares of common stock during the period. The diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding is the basic weighted number of shares adjusted as of the first day of the year for any potentially dilutive debt or equity. In periods in which a net loss has been incurred, all potentially dilutive common shares are considered anti-dilutive and thus are excluded from the calculation. Securities that are excluded from the calculation of weighted average dilutive common shares because their inclusion would have been antidilutive for the year ended December 31, 2024, include stock options and convertible debt.

The Company has 18,614 and 94,767 outstanding stock options to purchase an equivalent number of common stock at December 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

The Company also has 1,161,195 outstanding warrants to purchase an equivalent number of shares of common stock as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 at a weighted average strike price of $287.50.

Concentration of Credit Risk

The Company maintains its cash with a major financial institution located in the United States of America which it believes to be creditworthy. Balances are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation up to $250,000. At times, the Company may maintain balances in excess of the federally insured limits.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets other than goodwill consists of acquired finite-lived customer relationships and acquired indefinite-lived Part 135 air carrier certificate. At initial recognition, intangible assets acquired in a business combination are recognized at their fair value as of the date of acquisition. Following initial recognition, finite-lived intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and impairment losses, if any, and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset, which was determined based on management’s estimate of the period over which the asset will contribute to our future cash flows.

The Company reviews the intangible assets for impairment on an annual basis or if events or changes in circumstances indicate it is more likely than not that they are impaired. These events could include a significant change in the business climate, legal factors, a decline in operating performance, competition, sale, or disposition of a significant portion of the business, or other factors. If the review indicates the impairment, an impairment loss would be recorded for the difference of the value recorded and the new value. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, there was no material impairment loss recognized for the intangible assets.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the aggregate purchase price paid over the fair value of the net assets acquired in our business combinations. Goodwill is not amortized and is tested for impairment at least annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Events or changes in circumstances that could trigger an impairment review include a significant adverse change in business climate, an adverse action or assessment by a regulator, unanticipated competition, a loss of key personnel, significant changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or the strategy for our overall business, significant negative industry or economic trends, or significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future results of operations. The Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, including goodwill.

If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, the Company determines that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, additional impairment testing is not required. The Company tests for goodwill impairment annually during its fourth quarter. There was no impairment of goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

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Segment Reporting

The Company identifies operating segments as components of the Company for which discrete financial information is available and is regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker, or decision-making group, in making decisions regarding resource allocation and performance assessment. The chief operating decision maker is the chief executive officer. We determined that the Company operates in a single operating and reportable segment, private aviation services, as the chief operating decision maker reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis, accompanied by disaggregated information about revenue and cost of revenue for purposes of making operating decisions, allocating resources, and assessing performance. Substantially all of our long-lived assets are located in the U.S. and revenue from private aviation services is substantially earned from flights throughout the U.S.

Cost of revenue

Cost of revenue includes costs that are directly related to the related revenue streams – aircraft sales, managed aircraft, and subscription based revenue. Aircraft sales cost of revenue is our purchase price of the aircraft. Managed aircraft cost of revenue includes all costs incurred in our managed aircraft including the cost of flight crews, fuel, maintenance, and landing and other airport fees. Subscription costs includes costs of our proprietary software, the Vaunt platform..

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and included in management and general expenses on the statements of operations. Such advertising amounted to $4.5 million and $2.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Variable Interest Entity (VIE) Accounting

The Company evaluates its ownership, contractual relationships, and other interests in entities to determine the nature and extent of the interests, whether such interests are variable interests and whether the entities are VIEs in accordance with ASC 810, Consolidations. These evaluations can be complex and involve Management judgment as well as the use of estimates and assumptions based on available historical information, among other factors. Based on these evaluations, if the Company determines that it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE, this VIE entity is consolidated into the consolidated financial statements.

Leases

ASC Topic 842, “Leases” (“ASC 842”) requires lessees to recognize most leases on the balance sheet with a corresponding right-to-use asset (“ROU asset”). ROU asset represents the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liability represents the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. The right-of-use asset and lease liability are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of fixed lease payments over the lease term. ROU asset is evaluated for impairment using the long-lived asset impairment guidance. Leases will be classified as financing or operating, which will drive the expense recognition pattern. The Company elects to exclude short-term leases when recording a ROU asset and lease liability if and when the Company has them.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The amendments included in ASU 2016-13 require the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Although the new standard, known as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model, has a greater impact on financial institutions, most other organizations with financial instruments or other assets (trade receivables, contract assets, lease receivables, financial guarantees, loans and loan commitments, and held-to-maturity (HTM) debt securities) are subject to the CECL model and will need to use forward-looking information to better evaluate their credit loss estimates. Many of the loss estimation techniques applied today will still be permitted, although the inputs to those techniques will change to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses. In addition, the ASU amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. ASU 2016-13 was originally effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. In November of 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842): Effective Dates, which delayed the implementation of ASU 2016-13 to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years for smaller reporting companies.

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The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In November 2023, the Financial Account Standard Board “FASB” issued Accounting Standards Update “ASU” 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which modifies the disclosure and presentation requirements of reportable segments. The amendments in the update require the disclosure of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker “CODM” and included within each reported measure of segment profit and loss. The amendments also require disclosure of all other segment items by reportable segment and a description of its composition. Additionally, the amendments require disclosure of the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on the presentation of its consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which expands disclosures in an entity’s income tax rate reconciliation table and disclosures regarding cash taxes paid both in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. The update will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2025. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on the presentation of its consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.

The Company has evaluated all the recent accounting pronouncements and determined that there are no accounting pronouncements that will have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 3 – BUSINESS COMBINATION

As discussed in Note 1, on December 1, 2023, the Company consummated the business combination pursuant to the merger agreement. The business combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with GAAP. Under this method of accounting, Proof Acquisition Corp I or PACI, who was the legal acquirer, was treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes. Accordingly, the business combination was treated as the equivalent of Legacy Volato issuing stock for the net assets of PACI, accompanied by a recapitalization.

Upon the closing, holders of Legacy Volato common stock received shares of Common Stock of Volato Group, Inc. in an amount determined by application of the exchange ratio of approximately 1.01508 (the “exchange ratio”), prior to the effect of the 1-25 Reverse Stock Split. For periods prior to the business combination, the reported share and per share amounts have been retroactively converted by applying the exchange ratio. The consolidated assets, liabilities and results of operations prior to the business combination are those of Legacy Volato.

In connection with the business combination, approximately $5.7 million of transaction related expenses and other costs were incurred.

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NOTE 3 – BUSINESS COMBINATION – (CONTINUED)

The following table reconciles the elements of the business combination to the consolidated statement of cash flows and the consolidated statement of changes in equity:


(In thousands)	Year Ended December 31, 2023
Cash - PACI trust and cash (net of redemptions)	$	19,081
Gross Proceeds	$	19,081
Less Transaction related expenses and other costs	(6,898)
Less Net liabilities assumed from PACI	(1,722)
Net proceeds from the business combination	$	10,461

The number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately following the closing was as follows:


			Class A Common Stock
PACI public shareholders			70,696
PACI's sponsors			275,343
Company's employees			378
Legacy Volato shareholders (1)			297,397
Legacy Volato Series Preferred investors			477,924
Total shares of Common Stock immediately after closing			1,121,738

(1) The number of Legacy Volato shares was determined from the shares of Legacy Volato shares outstanding immediately prior to the closing converted at the exchange ratio of approximately 1.01508.

NOTE 4 – INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING AND PRIVATE PLACEMENT

Pursuant to the Initial Public Offering (“IPO”) in December of 2021, Proof Acquisition Corp I or PACI sold 1,104,000 Units at a price of $250.00 per Unit. Each Unit consists of one share of Class A common stock and one-half of one redeemable warrant (“Public Warrant”). Each whole Public Warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of Class A common stock at a price of $287.50 per share, subject to adjustment (see Note 17). At the effective date of the merger on December 1, 2023, 70,696 shares were outstanding and not redeemed and were converted into an equivalent number of Class A shares of common stock of Volato Group, Inc.

At the time of the merger, 275,343 founders’ shares (formerly PACI’s Class B common stock shares) were also outstanding and were converted into an equivalent number of Class A shares of common stock of Volato Group, Inc.

Simultaneously with the closing of the IPO in 2021, PACI consummated the private sale to the Sponsor and BlackRock of an aggregate of 609,195 private placement warrants. Each private placement warrant is exercisable to purchase one share of Class A common stock at a price of $287.50 per share, subject to adjustment. These warrants are outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

NOTE 5 – DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

In September 2024, the Company entered into an agreement with flyExclusive to transition our aircraft ownership program fleet operations to flyExclusive. This move is expected to provide Volato with the opportunity to focus on what it believes to be its high-growth areas, including aircraft sales and proprietary software. We will continue to take delivery of new aircraft, while also generating revenue from our proprietary software, including the Vaunt platform, Volato’s successful empty leg consumer app.

Major classes of line items constituting loss from discontinued operations is as follows:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2024		2023
Revenue - Aircraft usage	$	32,546	$	37,765
Costs of Revenue - Aircraft usage	43,488		51,245
Selling, general and administrative	17,679		19,592
Gain (loss) from sale of equity method investment	—		886
Other Income from discontinued operations	9,902		—
Loss from discontinued operations	$	(18,719)	$	(32,186)

As part of the agreement with flyExclusive they assumed liabilities for insider cards generating a gain of $10.0 million for the Company that is included in discontinued operations.

Carrying amounts and major classes of assets included as part of discontinued operations is as follows:


	December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Accounts receivable	$	1,027	$	2,548
Prepaid and other assets	1,215		2,024
Operating lease, right-of-use assets	—		1,278
Equity-method investment	—		154
Deposits	—		441
Total assets associated with discontinued operations	$	2,242	$	6,445

Carrying amounts and major classes of liabilities included as part of discontinued operations is a follows:


	December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	6,086	$	4,333
Operating lease liability	—		1,291
Credit facility and other loans	918		509
Customer deposits and deferred revenue	5,004		10,026
Total liabilities associated with discontinued operations	$	12,008	$	16,159

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NOTE 6–INTANGIBLES

Finite-Lived Intangible Assets

The following is a summary of finite-lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, in thousands:

December 31, 2024

Cost

Accumulated
Amortization

Net

Customer relationships

—


	December 31, 2023
	Cost		Accumulated Amortization		Net
Customer relationships	$	301	$	(110)	$	191
	$	301	$	(110)	$	191

As of December 31, 2024, the Company impaired the value of the customer relationships asset and recorded a loss on the impairment of $130 thousand which is recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses. Intangible asset amortization expense was $61 thousand and $61 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Indefinite - Lived Intangible Assets

The following table summarizes the balances as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, of the indefinite-lived intangible assets, in thousand:


	December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Intangible asset - Part 135 certificate	$	1,200	$	1,200

The FAA Part 135 certificate for a total amount of $1.2 million relates to the certificate acquired from the GCA acquisition.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company transferred its Fly Dreams LLC operations to GCA and sold its membership interest in Fly Dreams LLC, including Fly Dreams FAA Part 135 Certificate, with a carrying balance of $163 thousand, for a selling price of $550 thousand, which resulted in a gain in the amount of $387 thousand, which was reported in other income in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company did not recognize any impairment of the Part 135 certificates as of December 31, 2024, and 2023.

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NOTE 7 - MERGER TRANSACTION COSTS PAYABLE

Merger transaction cost payable consist of the following as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, in thousand:


	December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023

Transaction costs payable in common stock	$	—	$	4,250
Total	$	—	$	4,250

In connection with the business combination, the Company entered into three agreements (the “Agreements”) with financial institutions, in which the Company agreed to pay a success fee in the aggregate amount of $4.25 million to the financial institutions in case the Company consummates the acquisition. The success fees were to be paid in shares of the Company’s common stock and warrants during the 2024 fiscal year.

ASC 480 Distinguishing Liabilities From Equity requires liability classification for all instruments that embodies an unconditional obligation that the Company must or may settle by issuing a variable number of its equity shares, if, at inception, the monetary value of the obligation is based solely on a fixed monetary amount know at inception. As a result, the Company classified such liability in current liabilities as of December 31, 2023. In January 2024, the Company issued an aggregate number of 48,342 shares of common stock and 4,000 warrants in full settlement of the merger transactions costs of $4.25 million which was payable to three financial institutions. Such liability was accrued for and reported under merger transaction costs payable in shares in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2023.

NOTE 8 – FORWARD PURCHASE AGREEMENT

On November 28, 2023, the Company Legacy Volato Vellar Opportunities Fund Master, Ltd. (“Seller”), entered into an agreement (the “Forward Purchase Agreement”) for an OTC Equity Prepaid Forward Transaction (the “Forward Purchase Transaction”). Pursuant to the terms of the Forward Purchase Agreement, the Seller could purchase, prior to the closing, up to 2.0 million shares (the “Maximum Number of Shares”) of the Company from third parties through a broker in the open market. The Number of Shares (as defined in the Forward Purchase Agreement) subject to the Forward Purchase Agreement could be reduction following a termination of the Forward Purchase Agreement with respect to such shares as described under “Optional Early Termination” in the respective Forward Purchase Agreement.

Under the Forward Purchase Agreement the Seller was paid directly an aggregate cash amount equal to the product of (i) the number of shares as set forth in the pricing date notice and (ii) the redemption price paid by the Company on the Closing date to holders of its common stock who exercised their redemption rights in connection with the Business Combination.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company paid an aggregate amount of approximately $18.9 million. The Company collected $2.4 million in December 2023, and recognized a loss on the change in fair value of the forward purchase agreement in the aggregated amount of $13.4 million, which was reported in other expenses in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023.

In July 2024, Seller notified the Company of the termination of the Forward Purchase Agreement, following a delivery of a notice establishing the Valuation Date (as defined in the Forward Purchase Agreement); upon termination, Seller was not obligated to pay the Company a cash amount. The Company recorded the impact of the notice in the second quarter of 2024. In the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized a loss on the change in fair value of $3.0 million reported in other expenses in the consolidated statement of operations.

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NOTE 9– FIXED ASSETS

Fixed assets consist of the following at December 31, 2024 and 2023, in thousand:


	December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Machine and equipment	$	191	$	191
Automobiles	72		102
Website development costs	290		290
Computer and office equipment	5		11
Software development costs	579		437
	1,137		1,031
Less accumulated depreciation	(454)		(185)
	$	683	$	846

During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized $193 thousand and $140 thousand of depreciation and amortization, respectively.

NOTE 10 – DEPOSITS

Deposits consist of the following at December 31, 2024 and 2023, in thousand:


	December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Deposits on aircraft	$	36,000	$	40,300
Other deposits	300		75
Total deposits	$	36,300	$	40,375
Less current portion	(36,000)		(25,125)
Total deposits, non-current	$	300	$	15,250

Below is a breakdown of the deposits on aircraft as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, in thousand:


	December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Gulfstream aircraft deposits	$	36,000	$	39,000
Honda aircraft deposits	—		1,300
Total deposits on aircraft	$	36,000	$	40,300
Less current portion	(36,000)		(25,050)
Total deposits on aircraft non-current	$	—	$	15,250

Gulfstream Aerospace, LP

In 2022, the Company executed a series of purchase agreements with Gulfstream Aerospace, LP for the acquisition of four (4) Gulfstream G 280 aircraft for total consideration of $79 million with expected delivery throughout fiscal year 2025. The first Gulfstream G280 was delivered in the third quarter of 2024. The second Gulfstream G280 was delivered in January 2025. The remaining two Gulfstream G280’s are expected to be delivered throughout fiscal year 2025.

The Company has funded an aggregate amount of $48.0 million and $39.0 million in deposits towards the acquisition price of the four Gulfstream G 280 aircraft in accordance with the scheduled payment terms of the agreements as of December 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively. Upon delivery of the first Gulfstream G280 in the third quarter of 2024, $12 million of the deposits were applied toward the purchase price of the airplane.

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During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company funded $9.0 million, which was funded through the SAC Leasing G 280 line of credit. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company funded $27.0 million pursuant to the terms of the executed purchase agreements, of which $24.0 million was funded through SAC leasing G 280 Line of credit and $3.0 million was paid directly by the Company.

HondaJet

In 2022, the Company entered into aircraft purchase agreements with Honda Aircraft Company LLC, under which it paid $1.3 million of deposits for aircraft not yet delivered at December 31, 2023.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company took delivery of three aircraft for a purchase price of $17.9 million.

In May 2023, the Company and Honda Aircraft Company, LLC entered into a HondaJet Fleet Purchase Agreement for the acquisition of twenty-three (23) HondaJet HA-420 Aircraft for a total aggregate purchase price of $161.1 million for delivery between the fourth fiscal quarter of 2024 and the fourth fiscal quarter of 2025. The Company took delivery of two aircraft related to this agreement. On September 10, 2024 the Company received notice from Honda Aircraft that the Honda FPA was terminated. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, Honda Aircraft will retain the deposits that have previously been paid by the Company and the Company has to enter into individual purchase agreements for each aircraft for which a deposit had previously been paid. During the year ended December 31, 2024 the Company wrote-off the remaining deposit balance of $1.0 million and is recorded in selling, general, and administrative expenses.

NOTE 11 – EQUITY-METHOD INVESTMENT

The Company has the following equity method investments at December 31, 2023, in thousand:


	December 31, 2023
Investment in Volato 158 LLC	$	154
	$	154

The Company had one equity-method investment as of December 31, 2023: Volato 158 LLC, with a membership interest of 3.125%.

Volato 158 LLC

In August 2021, the Company executed an aircraft purchase agreement with Volato 158 LLC (“158 LLC”) and contributed an aircraft with a carrying amount of $4.2 million to 158 LLC for a 100% membership interest in 158 LLC. The investment in 158 LLC was initially consolidated as the Company had a controlling financial interest in 158 LLC until 2022 when the Company’s interest was reduced to 3.125%.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had a remaining 3.125% interest in 158 LLC. In October 2024, the Company sold the interest in 158 LLC to flyExclusive. Based on its equity investment, the Company recorded a loss from its equity-method investment of $162 thousand and $3 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

NOTE 12 – REVOLVING LOAN AND PROMISSORY NOTE- RELATED PARTY

Revolving loan and promissory note with a related party consisted of the following at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, in thousand:


	December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Dennis Liotta, March 2023 – 10% interest – promissory note due March 2024	—		1,000
Total notes from related party - current	$	—	$	1,000

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Dennis Liotta - December 2021 Note

On December 9, 2021, the Company entered into a revolving loan agreement with Dennis Liotta, an affiliate of the Company, for a total amount of $8.0 million that matured on January 1, 2023 (“December 2022 note”). The Company is required to make monthly payments of interest at a fixed rate of 4.0% per annum. The Company was required to make principal repayments at fixed scheduled dates. In the event of default, the entire unpaid principal balance together with all accrued but unpaid interest would become due and payable regardless of the maturity date. If the default occurs and remains uncured beyond the applicable grace period, then the entire unpaid principal balance shall bear interest at a default interest of 500 basis points (5%) over the regular interest or nine percent (9%). Events of default include the failure to make principal or interest payments when due, any judgement in excess of $500, indebtedness cross default, or bankruptcy proceedings.

In conjunction with the execution of the revolving note, both parties executed a security agreement, under which the Company granted a continuing security interest in all of the assets of the Company. The Company did not make its interest payments, thus triggering a default and increasing the interest rate to 9% plus an additional 5% on the missed payments.

The Company incurred approximately $370 thousand of interest and penalties during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

In the first quarter of 2023, the Company converted the unpaid principal balance of this revolving note and accrued interest into a convertible note for total principal balance of $6.0 million bearing interest at 4% and maturing on March 31, 2024. The notes were converted as part of the business combination.

Dennis Liotta - March 2023 note

On March 15, 2023, the Company entered into a promissory note agreement with Dennis Liotta, an affiliate of the Company, for a total amount of $1.0 million, with an effective date of February 27, 2023, which matured on March 31, 2024 (“March 2023 note”). The entire outstanding principal balance together with accrued but unpaid interest are due at the maturity date. The March 2023 note included a ten percent (10%) interest rate per annum. On April 1, 2024, the March 2023 note was paid in full. Promissory note from related party was zero and $1.0 million as of December 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively.

The Company incurred $23 thousand and $25 thousand of interest during the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

NOTE 13 – UNSECURED CONVERTIBLE NOTES

Unsecured convertible notes consisted of the following at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, in thousand:


	December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
2024 unsecured convertible notes, 4% coupon, due December 2025	4,500		—
Less unamortized debt discounts	(450)		—

Total unsecured convertible notes, net of discount	$	4,050	$	—
Less current portion	(4,050)		—
Total unsecured convertible notes, net of discount non-current	$	—	$	—

2024 unsecured convertible notes due December 2025 - 2024 Convertible note

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (“Securities Purchase Agreement”). Under the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company may issue a series of convertible notes the “2024 Convertible note” for an aggregate principal not to exceed $36.0 million. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company issued convertible notes in an aggregate principal amount of $4.5 million, of which $4.1 million was funded as of December 31, 2024, representing an original issue discount of ten percent. Interest is payable quarterly at the Company’s option shall either be (i) paid in cash; (ii) paid-in-kind in shares of common stock; or (iii) compound and become additional principal outstanding.

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The Company recorded $14 thousand of accrued interest expense in the year ended December 31, 2024.

In conjunction with the issuance of the notes, the Company incurred $450 thousand of closing financing costs, which are presented as an offset to the convertible notes in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2024.

The 2024 convertible note is accounted for as a single liability measured at fair value in accordance with ASC 825-10.

NOTE 14 – CREDIT FACILITY AND OTHER LOANS

Credit facility and other loans consisted of the following at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, in thousand:


	December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
SAC Leasing G280 LLC credit facility, 12.5% interest, net of deposits	$	28,000	$	27,750
Less discounts	(247)		(376)
Total credit facility, net of discount and deposits	$	27,753	27,374

SAC Leasing G280 LLC Line of credit

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company funded an additional $9.0 million through the SAC Leasing G280 credit facility. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company funded an aggregate amount of $27.0 million, of which $24.0 million was funded through a credit facility from SAC leasing and $3.0 million was paid in cash.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company increased its SAC leasing G280 line of credit by $9.0 million offset by a repayment in the amount of $9.0 million, which brings the carrying balance at $28.0 million as of December 31, 2024.

The Company incurred $68 thousand and $548 thousand of incremental closing costs, which are reported as debt discount against the liability in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively.

During the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company amortized to interest expense $197 thousand and $146 thousand of debt discount, respectively.

During the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company incurred approximately $4.2 million and $2.2 million of interest under this facility, respectively.

The Company entered into the pre-delivery payment agreement on October 5, 2022, with SAC Leasing G280, LLC to obtain loans in the aggregate amount of $40.5 million for the purchase of four (4) Gulfstream G280 aircraft to be delivered in 2024 and 2025. The Board of Directors consented to the participation of Coastal States Bank, as a syndicate lender in the financing of additional aircraft by SAC Leasing G280 LLC. On August 25, 2023, the Company and SAC Leasing V280, LLC entered into the first amendment to pre-delivery payment agreement. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had an aggregate amount of $28.5 million in promissory notes, of which 60% was solely to Coastal States Bank pursuant to the first amendment.

Term Loan

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The Loan bears interest at an annual percentage rate of 165% and matures on January 28, 2025, with principal and interest payments made weekly.

The Loan provides for events of default customary for term loans. As of December 31, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all covenants. The Loan is collateralized by all assets of the Company with the exception of the purchase agreements of G280 aircraft or any collateral pledged to SAC Leasing G280.

The Company incurred financing fees of $200 thousand, which were recorded as a direct discount to the debt and are being amortized over the term of the Loan. The Company amortized $164 thousand of financing fees in the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company recorded $1.7 million of interest expense related to the Loan in the year ended December 31, 2024.

In November 2024, the Company entered into an agreement with a third party to settle outstanding payables owed by the Company to designated vendors in exchange for a settlement amount in shares of common stock. As of December 31, 2024 in accordance with the agreement, the Company issued 639,720 shares for the payment of $1.475 million of principal and interest due to the Lender under the Loan and $725 thousand of payables related to a separate vendor. The Company recorded a $2.8 million loss on extinguishment of debt upon the settlement of each issuance equal to the fair value of the shares less the value of the shares calculated as of the closing stock price on the date of settlement.

NOTE 15 – RELATED PARTIES

Liotta Family Office, LLC

Liotta Family Office, LLC (“LFO”) is owned 20% by the Company’s Chief Executive officer, 60% owned by the father of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, and 20% owned by the brother of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. LFO currently owns, 74,372 Shares of Common Stock which represents 4% of the Company’s issued and outstanding Common Stock as of December 31, 2024.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, Liotta Family Office, LLC (“LFO”) entered into an unsecured promissory note for a total amount of $1.0 million (Note 12). The Company incurred approximately $23 thousand of interest during the year ended December 31, 2024. In April 2024, the promissory note and interest was paid in full.

Plane Co’s

The Company facilitated the formation of limited liability Plane Co’s, which are then funded by third party members prior to the sale and delivery of an aircraft purchased from Honda Aircraft that entered into the Company’s fractional program.

In October 2024, as part of the agreement with flyExclusive, Volato sold all of its interest in the Plane Co’s to flyExclusive.

The aggregate amount of revenue included in loss from discontinued operations generated from Plane Co’s totaled $3.1 million and $4.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Expenses charged to the Company by Plane Co’s and included in loss from discontinued operations, totaled $2.8 million and $3.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Balance due to Plane Co’s amounted to $4 thousand and $202 thousand as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

NOTE 16 – INCOME TAXES

Management has determined that the Company does not have any uncertain tax positions and associated unrecognized benefits that would impact the consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed annually for differences between financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

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The Company operated at a loss and the deferred tax asset is offset by a corresponding valuation allowance.

The net deferred tax assets and liabilities consist of the following amounts at December 31, 2024 and 2023, in thousands:


	2024		2023
Deferred Tax Assets
Allowance for doubtful Accounts	$	—	$	1
Investment in Plane Cos LLC	—		44
Loss carryforwards	18,398		11,521
Intangible	530		626
Interest expense limitations	2,484		659
Other	47		15
Total deferred tax assets	21,459		12,866
Deferred Tax Liabilities
Property and equipment depreciation	(25)		(74)
Valuation allowance	(21,738)		(13,096)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(21,763)		(13,170)
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)	(305)		(305)

The Company has federal operating losses carryforward of approximately $73 million and $47 million available as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, to reduce future taxable income at the federal level, and it has net operating losses of approximately $68 million and $38 million at the state level, to offset $68 million and $38 million of future state taxable income, respectively.

A reconciliation from the statutory federal income tax rate to the effective income tax rate is as follows:


	2024		2023
Expected federal income taxes at statutory rate	21.00	%	21.00	%
State and local income taxes	4.54	%	4.54	%
Permanent differences	(3.76)	%	(6.79)	%
Change in valuation allowance	(21.35)	%	(18.18)	%
Other	0.82	%	(0.69)	%
Effective income tax rate	1.25	%	(0.12)	%

The primary differences between income tax expense attributable to continuing operations and the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory rates to income (loss) before income taxes relate to state income taxes, and the recognition of a valuation allowance for deferred income tax assets. The net deferred tax liabilities relate to long lived assets with an indefinite life.

NOTE 17 – SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

On December 1, 2023, the Company filed its Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation with the State of Delaware. Our Certificate of Incorporation initially authorized the issuance of 81,000,000 shares, consisting of 80,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share, and 1,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value per share. On October 28, 2024, the Company filed an amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares to 201,000,000 shares consisting of 200,000,000 shares of Common Stock and 1,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock.

On February 12, 2025, the Board unanimously approved the Reverse Stock Split of the Company’s Common Stock, at a ratio of 1-for-25. The Reverse Stock Split became effective on February 24, 2025, with no change in par value. All share amounts have been retroactively adjusted to account for the Reverse Stock Split as if it occurred at inception. The Reverse Stock Split did not have an affect on the Authorized Common Stock.

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The Company has authorized stock which have been designated as follows:


	Number of Shares Authorized	Number of Shares Outstanding As of December 31, 2024	Par Value
Class A Common Stock	200,000,000	1,843,852	$0.0001
Preferred Stock	1,000,000	—	$0.0001

Preferred Stock

No shares of preferred stock have been issued as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Class A Common Stock

Conversion of preferred stock shares (Series Seed, Series A-1, Series A-2 and Series A-3) into the Company’s Class A Common Stock.

Series A-1 Preferred Stock (Legacy Volato)

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company issued 96,443 shares of Series A-1 for a total cash consideration of $24.2 million.

Following the business combination, the Company converted its 96,443 shares of Series A-1 preferred stock issued and outstanding into 97,898 shares of Class A Common Stock of Volato Group, Inc. based on an exchange ratio of 1.01508.

Series A-2 Preferred Stock (Legacy Volato)

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company issued 133,105 Series A-2 shares of preferred stock from the conversion of the 2022 convertible notes in the aggregate principal amount of $19.1 million and $0.8 million of accrued but unpaid interest based on an effective conversion price of $149.55.

Following the business combination, the Company converted the 133,105 shares of Series A-2 preferred stock issued and outstanding into 135,112 shares of Class A Common Stock of Volato Group, Inc. based on an exchange ratio of 1.01508.

Series A-3 Preferred Stock (Legacy Volato)

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company issued 82,025 Series A-3 shares of preferred stock from the conversion of the 2023 convertible notes in the aggregate principal amount of $18.4 million and $0.1 million of accrued but unpaid interest based on an effective conversion price of $225.00.

Following the business combination, the Company converted the 82,025 shares of Series A-3 preferred stock into 83,262 shares of Class A Common Stock of Volato Group, Inc. based on an exchange ratio of 1.01508.

Conversion of PACI Class B Founder Shares into the Company’s Class A common stock

The shares of Class B common stock automatically converted into Class A common stock at the time of the closing of the business combination. Upon the business combination, the Company converted 275,343 shares of Class B common stock into an equivalent number of the Company’s shares of Class A common stock.

Conversion of PACI Class A Public Shares into the Company’s Class A common stock.

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The Company converted 70,696 shares of non-redeemed PACI public shares into an equivalent number of Shares of Class A Common Stock of the Company following the business combination.

Issuance of Class A common Stock

In November 2024, the Company entered into an agreement with a third party to settle outstanding payables owed by the Company to designated vendors in exchange for a settlement amount in shares of common stock. As of December 31, 2024 in accordance with the agreement, the Company issued 639,720 shares for the payment of $2.2 million of outstanding payables. The Company recorded a $2.8 million loss on extinguishment of debt upon the settlement of each issuance equal to the fair value of the shares less the value of the shares calculated as of the closing stock price on the date of settlement.

Stock Options - Equity Incentive Plans

Summary of the 2023 Plan

The 2023 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2023 Plan”) was approved at the special meeting of the shareholders of the Company on November 28, 2023. The 2023 Plan provides for the grant of stock options (both incentive stock options and non-qualified stock options) stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance-based awards, and other stock- and cash-based awards. The Company has reserved a pool of shares of Common Stock for issuance pursuant to awards under the 2023 Plan equal to 224,348 shares. As of December 31, 2024 the Company had 192,053 shares available for issuance.

Summary of the 2021 Plan

As of the effective date of the business combination, each then-outstanding unexercised option (whether vested or unvested) to purchase shares of Legacy Volato Common Stock granted under the 2021 Plan was assumed by Volato Group and shall be converted into a stock option (a “Volato Group option”) to acquire shares of Class A Common Stock of Volato Group, par value $0.0001 per share, in accordance with the business combination agreement.

The 2021 Plan became effective on August 13, 2021, and was in effect until November 20, 2023. No awards were granted under the 2021 Plan after the 2023 Plan Effective Date. Awards granted under the 2021 Plan that will be outstanding on the 2023 Plan Effective Date will be accelerated or continued in accordance with their terms subject to vesting schedules pursuant to the applicable restricted stock award agreement or option agreement.

The balance and activity of all stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2024, and 2023, is as follows:


	Options	Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	100,305	$	3.50	9.4
Granted	15,309	$	205.25
Cancelled	(12,551)	$	5.50
Exercised	(8,296)	$	3.00
Outstanding at December 31, 2023	94,767	$	35.75	8.8
Granted	34,370	$	12.76
Cancelled	(77,910)	$	43.57
Exercised	(32,613)	$	3.63
Outstanding as of December 31, 2024	18,614	$	5.59	7.5
Exercisable as of December 31, 2024	15,360	$	4.03

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The following table summarizes the range of exercise price, weighted average remaining contractual life (“Life”) and weighted average exercise price (“Price”) for all stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2024:


	Options Outstanding
Exercise Price	Shares	Life (in years)
$3.00	1,763	6.6
$3.50	13,562	7.2
$12.50	3,230	9.4
$177.75	44	0.0
$210.00	15	5.4
	18,614	7.5

The Black-Scholes option pricing model is used by the Company to determine the weighted-average fair value of share-based payments. The weighted average grant date fair value of stock options issued during the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, was $6.57 and $95.25 per share, respectively. The Company’s recognizes forfeitures as they occur.

The fair value of stock options on the grant date was determined using the following weighted-average assumptions during the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:


	For The Year Ending December 31,
	2024	2023
Expected term	5.8 - 6.25 years	2-6 years
Expected volatility	68%	30% - 71%
Expected dividends	None	None
Risk-free interest rate	3.8% - 4.5%	3.6%-4.6%
Forfeitures	None	None

As of December 31, 2024, the unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested awards was $0.2 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.9 years.

Restricted Stock

In June, 2024 the Company issued time-based restricted stock units and performance-based restricted stock units with market conditions that vest upon the Company’s Common Stock achieving a specific price per share.

Restricted stock unit activity for the period presented is as follows:


	Restricted Stock Units	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2023	—	$	—
Granted	65,171	16.47
Vested	(7,355)	18.75
Forfeited	(28,736)	18.75
Outstanding at December 31, 2024	29,080	$	13.64

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The performance-based restricted stock units with market conditions was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model.

As of December 31, 2024, unrecognized compensation expense for time based restricted stock units was $241 thousand and is expected to be recognized over the next 2.45 years.

Stock based compensation expense was $211 thousand and $82 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Warrants

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were 552,000 public warrants (note 4) and 609,195 private placement warrants issued and outstanding.

Private placement warrants

Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering by PACI in 2021, the Company f/k/a Proof Acquisition Corp I consummated the private placement of 609,195 private placement warrants at a price of $25.00 per private placement warrant to the sponsor and Blackrock. Each private placement warrant is exercisable for one whole share of Class A common stock at a price of $287.50 per share. Such private warrants will be exercisable for cash or on a cashless basis, at the holder’s option, and will not be redeemable by the Company. The private warrants are all exercisable as of December 31, 2024. There was no activity during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Public warrants

Pursuant to the Initial Public Offering by PACI in 2021, the Company sold 1,104,000 Units at a price of $250.00 per Unit. Each Unit consists of one share of Class A common stock and one-half of one redeemable warrant. Each whole public warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of Class A common stock at a price of $287.50 per share, subject to adjustment. A majority of the shares were redeemed before the merger transaction, but the warrants remain. As a result there are 552,000 warrants outstanding as of December 31, 2023.

The public warrants will become exercisable on the later of (a) 30 days after the completion of a business combination and (b) 12 months from the closing of the Initial Public Offering. The public warrants will expire five years after the completion of a business combination or earlier upon redemption or liquidation. The public warrants are all exercisable as of December 31, 2023. There was no activity during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

The following table is a summary of the Company’s warrant activity during the years ended December 31, 2024:


	Warrants	Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)
Outstanding as of January 1, 2023	1,161,195	$	287.50	5
Granted	—
Cancelled	—
Exercised	—
Outstanding as of December 31, 2024	1,161,195	$	287.50	3.92 years
Exercisable as of December 31, 2024	1,161,195

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NOTE 18 – COMMITMENT AND CONTINGENCIES

Honda May 2023 Purchase Agreement

On May 5, 2023, the Company entered into a HondaJet Fleet Purchase Agreement with Honda Aircraft Company. LLC, for the purchase and delivery of twenty-three (23) HondaJet HA-420 Aircraft for a total estimated purchase price of $161.1 million with expected delivery between the fourth fiscal quarter of 2024 and the fourth fiscal quarter of 2025. The Company took delivery and sold two aircraft related to this agreement. On September 10, 2024, the Company received notice from Honda Aircraft that the Honda FPA was terminated. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, Honda Aircraft will retain the deposits that have been previously paid by the Company and the Company has to enter into individual purchase agreements for each aircraft for which a deposit had previously been paid. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recorded a charge for the remaining deposit balance of $1.0 million which is recorded in selling general and administrative expenses.

Gulfstream Aerospace, LP

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company executed a series of purchase agreements with Gulfstream Aerospace, LP for the acquisition of four (4) Gulfstream G-280 aircraft for total consideration of $79.0 million and with expected deliveries in 2024 through 2025, for which the Company made prepayments totaling $48.0 million and $39.0 million as of December 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively. The $48.0 million is non-refundable, except in some specific circumstances, and would serve as consideration for liquidated damages of $3.0 million per aircraft should the purchase agreement be terminated by the Company.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company made additional payments of $9.0 million towards these agreements, of which $9.0 million was funded through the SAC Leasing G280 LLC credit facility. In September 2024, the Company took delivery of one Gulfstream G280 and received $12.0 million in deposits related to the aircraft, of which $9.0 million paid down the SAC Leasing G280 line of credit and $3.0 million was retained by the Company. In the first quarter of 2025, an addition $12 million in deposits was received as a result of the delivery of the second Gulfstream G280 and the return of $9 million in deposits related to the fourth Gulfstream G280. The $9 million in returned deposits were used to pay down the SAC Leasing G280 line of credit.

Future minimum payments under the purchase agreements with Gulfstream Aerospace, LP at December 31, 2024, are as follows, in thousands:


For the twelve months ended December 31,	Gulfstream G280 Fleet
2025	26,270
Total expected contractual payments	$	26,270

The Company has a credit facility in place with SAC Leasing G280 LLC to fund $40.5 million of the original $79.0 million due under these purchase agreements with Gulfstream Aerospace LP. The remaining balance to be funded by SAC Leasing G280 LLC is zero as of December 31, 2024.

Operating Leases

The Company leases property and equipment under operating leases. For leases with terms greater than 12 months, the Company records the related assets and obligations at the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. Many of the leases contain renewal options and/or termination options that are factored into our determination of lease payments when appropriate. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate to discount lease payments to present value, as the rates implicit in its leases are not readily determinable. The incremental borrowing rate is based on the estimated interest rate for collateralized borrowing over a similar term of the lease at the commencement date.

Aircraft Leases

During 2023, the Company began leasing an aircraft with a term of five years which has fixed lease payments. The Company recognized an operating lease liability in the amount of the net present value of the future minimum lease payments, and a right-of-use asset. The discount rate used for this lease was 12%, which was determined to be the incremental borrowing rate based on comparative secured financing in the marketplace at the inception of the fixed lease payments.

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Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease expense related to this lease consisting of fixed and variable lease costs was $78 thousand and $469 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Additionally, the Company leases other aircraft under operating leases with remaining terms ranging from one to five years. These leases require lease payments that are variable and are dependent on flight hours that generate charter revenues, with no minimum lease payment commitments. Because of the variable nature of the lease payments, these leases are not recorded on our consolidated balance sheets as ROU assets and lease liabilities. Certain leases have renewal options to extend lease terms for additional periods ranging from three to twelve months.

Some of the aircraft leases have lease terms of 12 months or less. The Company has made a policy election to classify lease agreements with a lease term of 12 months or less as short-term leases. Accordingly, the Company has not recognized right-of-use assets or lease liabilities related to these lease agreements pursuant to the short-term election. The Company recognizes short-term lease costs on a straight-line basis over the lease term and accrues the difference each period between the amount expensed and the amount paid.

Variable lease costs associated with the aircraft operating leases were $7.7 million and $12.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively. Short-term lease costs on the aircraft leases were $196 thousand and $617 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company had terminated all the aircraft leases as part of the flyExclusive agreement.

Airport Facilities

Our facilities leases are for space at airports throughout the south with remaining terms ranging from one to eleven months. These leases consist of hangar space and office space. The leases have lease terms of 12 months or less. Accordingly, the Company has not recognized right-of-use assets or lease liabilities related to these lease agreements pursuant to the short-term lease election. The Company has made a policy election to not separate lease and non-lease components for these facility leases. Short-term lease costs related to these leases were $70 thousand and $71 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

In January 2024, the Company began leasing space for aircraft with a term of 5 years with fixed lease payments. The Company recognized an operating lease liability in the amount of the net present value of the future minimum lease payments, and a right-of-use asset. The discount rate used for this lease was 12%, which was determined to be the incremental borrowing rate based on comparative secured financing in the marketplace at the inception of the fixed lease payments.

Future estimated minimum lease payments by year and in aggregate, under the Company’s fixed payment operating lease consisted of the following at December 31, 2024:


For the years ended December 31,	Operating Leases
2025	$	56,533
2026	56,533
2027	56,533
2028	37,689
TOTAL	207,288

Sale-Leaseback Transactions

The Company entered into $15.7 million of sales-leaseback transactions related to aircraft during the years ended December 31, 2023. No sales-leaseback transactions occurred in 2024. The Company recorded gains of $3.4 million associated with these transactions, for the years ended December 31, 2023. Gains are recorded in gross profit in the consolidated statements of operations. The leases of the aircraft assets are operating leases which incur variable lease costs based upon usage as described above. These lease costs are expensed as incurred.

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Legal Contingencies

From time to time, the Company receives claims of and becomes subject to consumer protection, employment, intellectual property and other commercial litigation related to the conduct and operation of the Company’s business. In connection with such litigation, the Company may be subject to significant damages. We may also be subject to equitable remedies and penalties. Such litigation could be costly and time consuming and could divert or distract Company management and key personnel from its business operations. The Company is currently the defendant in suits brought by vendors, customers and suits related to the transfer of the flight operations and leases to flyExclusive and does not currently believe that any of its outstanding litigation will have a material adverse effect on its financial statements or business. However, due to the uncertainty of litigation and depending on the amount and the timing, an unfavorable resolution of some or all of these matters could materially affect the Company’s business, results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

In the Tampa Division of the U.S. District Court, in and for the Middle District of Florida on September 12, 2024, Joshua G. Newsteder, LouAnn Gray, and those similarly situated (the “Plaintiffs”) filed suit against the Volato Group, Inc. and Volato, Inc.(the “Defendants”) citing various allegations including that the termination of employment of 230 employees that occurred on August 30, 2024 violated requirements of the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act of 1988, 29 U.S.C. § 2101 et. seq. (“WARN Act”) (collectively, the “Dispute”). Plaintiffs are seeking unpaid wages or salary, benefits and other relief deemed by the court as just and proper. Volato Group, Inc. and Volato, Inc. deny all allegations. Current range of loss can not be estimated.

NOTE 20 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Management has evaluated events that have occurred subsequent to the date of these consolidated financial statements and has determined that, other than those listed below, no such reportable subsequent events exist through March 31, 2025, the date the consolidated audited financial statements were issued in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 855, “Subsequent Events.”

On March 20, 2025 the Company sold GC Aviation, Inc., which holds the FAA Part 135 certificate for $2.0 million, of which $1.8 million is a note receivable.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s ("SEC") rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefit of controls must be considered relative to their costs. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

As of the end of the period covered by the report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)). Based on that evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of December 31, 2024 our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

REPORT OF MANAGEMENT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all misstatements. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.

Our management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024. The framework used by management in making that assessment was the criteria set forth in the document entitled “Internal Control – Integrated Framework 2013” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on that assessment, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer has determined and concluded that, as of December 31, 2024, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting were effective.

This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the Company’s registered public accounting firm pursuant to the permanent exemption of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit the Company to provide only management’s report in this Annual Report.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2024 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

During the three months ended December 31, 2024, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

Not applicable.

PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The information required by this Item 10 will be set forth in the “Directors,” “Executive Officers,” “Corporate Governance” and “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters” sections of our definitive proxy statement relating to our 2025 annual meeting of shareholders (the “Proxy Statement”), which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the year covered by this Annual Report.

We have adopted an Insider Trading Policy which governs the purchase, sale, and/or other disposition of our securities by our directors, officers, and employees and other covered persons designated by the policy. We believe our Insider Trading Policy is reasonably designed to promote compliance with insider trading laws, rules and regulations, and NYSE American listing standards, as applicable. A copy of our Insider Trading Policy is filed as Exhibit 19.1 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information required by this Item 11 will be set forth in the “Executive and Director Compensation” section of the Proxy Statement, which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the year covered by this Annual Report.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The information required by this Item 12 will be set forth in the “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters” section of the Proxy Statement, which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the year covered by this Annual Report.

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information required by this Item 13 will be set forth in the “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions” and “Corporate Governance” sections of the Proxy Statement, which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the year covered by this Annual Report.

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The information required by this Item 14 will be set forth in the “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions” and “Corporate Governance” sections of the Proxy Statement, which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the year covered by this Annual Report.

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ITEM 15. EXHIBIT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a)Financial Statements and Schedules

The financial statements are set forth under Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10- K, as indexed below. Financial statement schedules have been omitted since they either are not required, not applicable, or the information is otherwise included.

___________________________________

(b)Exhibits

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			Exhibit Index
Exhibit Number			Description
2.1			Business Combination Agreement, dated as of August 1, 2023, by and among PROOF Acquisition Corp I, PACI Merger Corp, Inc., and Volato, Inc. (included as Annex A to PROOF Acquisition Corp I’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-274082), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 18, 2023).
3.1*			Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Volato Group, Inc., as amended through February 19, 2025.
3.2*			Third Amended and Restated Bylaws of Volato Group, Inc. PROOF Acquisition Corp I, as amended through October 10, 2024.
4.1			Specimen Class A Common Stock Certificate of Volato Group, Inc (incorporated by reference herein from the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 7, 2023).
4.2			Specimen Warrant Certificate (Incorporated by reference to the corresponding exhibit the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-l (File No. 333-261015), filed with the SEC on November 12, 2021).
4.3			Warrant Agreement between the Company and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, dated as of December 17, 2020 (Incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41104), filed with the SEC on December 6, 2021).
4.4*			Description of Securities
10.1 #			Employment Agreement, dated December 1, 2023, between Volato Group, Inc., Volato, Inc. and Mark Heinen (incorporated by reference herein from the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 7, 2023).
10.2 #			Employment Agreement, dated December 1, 2023, between Volato Group, Inc., Volato, Inc. and Matthew Liotta (incorporated by reference herein from the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 7, 2023).
10.3#			Form of Employee Invention Assignment, Restrictive Covenants, and Confidentiality Agreement (incorporated by reference herein from the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 16, 2024).
10.4#			Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (incorporated by reference herein from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 14, 2024).
10.5			Aircraft Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of August 9, 2024, between Volato, Inc. and TVPX Aircraft Solutions, Inc. (incorporated by reference herein from the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 16, 2024).
10.6			Aircraft Lease Agreement (S/N 2282), dated as of August 9, 2024, between Volato, Inc. and TVPX Aircraft Solutions, Inc. (incorporated by reference herein from the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 16, 2024).
10.7#			Form of Indemnification Agreement (incorporated by reference herein from the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 29, 2024).
10.8#			Form of Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference herein from the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 29, 2024).
10.9			Business Loan and Security Agreement, dated July 26, 2024, between Volato, Inc. and TVT Capital Source LLC (incorporated by reference herein from the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 1, 2024).
10.10			Aircraft Management Services Agreement, dated September 2, 2024, between flyExclusive, Inc. and Volato Group, Inc. (incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 3, 2024).
10.11			Settlement Agreement and Stipulation dated November 4, 2024 by and between Volato Inc. and Sunpeak Holdings Corporation (incorporated by reference hereon from Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 8, 2024).
10.12			Form of 10% Original Issue Discount Senior Unsecured Convertible Promissory Note (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 5, 2024).
10.13			Securities Purchase Agreement between the Company and JAK Opportunities IX, LLC, dated December 4, 2024 (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 5, 2024).
10.14			Registration Rights Agreement between the Company and JAK Opportunities IX, LLC, dated December 4, 2024 (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 5, 2024).
1 9.1*			Insider trading policy
21.1*			List of Subsidiaries.
2 3.1*			Consent of Rose, Snyder & Jacobs LLP
24.1*			Power of Attorney (included on signature page).
31.1*			Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*			Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1**			Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2**			Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
97.1			Volato Group, Inc. Clawback Policy.
101.INS*			XBRL Instance Document—the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH*			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema With Embedded Linkbase Documents
104*			Cover Page Interactive Data File—the cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document contained in Exhibit 101


# indicates management contract or compensatory pan or arrangement
*Filed herewith

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ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned; thereunto duly authorized.

Date: March 31, 2025

Volato Group, Inc.

By: /s/ Matthew Liotta

Name: Matthew Liotta

Title: Chief Executive Officer

POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Matthew Liotta and Mark Heinen, and each of them, his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, each with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to do any and all things and execute any and all instruments that such attorney may deem necessary or advisable under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and any rules, regulations and requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with this Annual Report and any and all amendments hereto, as fully and for all intents and purposes as he or she might do or could do in person, and hereby ratifies and confirms all that each of said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or his or her substitute or substitutes may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Name

Title

Date

/s/ Matthew Liotta

Chief Executive Officer and Director

March 31, 2025

Matthew Liotta

(Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ Mark Heinen

Chief Financial Officer

March 31, 2025

Mark Heinen

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

/s/ Nicholas Cooper

Director

March 31, 2025

Nicholas Cooper

/s/ Michael Nichols

Director

March 31, 2025

Michael Nichols

/s/ Chris Burger

Director

March 31, 2025

Chris Burger

EX-3.1 2 ex31-20250219_vgxdeamend.htm EX-3.1 ex31-20250219_vgxdeamend

Delaware The First State Page 1 5527927 8100 Authentication: 202968527 SR# 20250603986 Date: 02-19-25 You may verify this certificate online at corp.delaware.gov/authver.shtml I, CHARUNI PATIBANDA-SANCHEZ, SECRETARY OF STATE OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE, DO HEREBY CERTIFY THE ATTACHED IS A TRUE AND CORRECT COPY OF THE CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT OF “VOLATO GROUP, INC.”, FILED IN THIS OFFICE ON THE NINETEENTH DAY OF FEBRUARY, A.D. 2025, AT 11:16 O`CLOCK A.M.

EX-3.2 3 ex32-vg_bylawsxfullset1x.htm EX-3.2 ex32-vg_bylawsxfullset1x

11/24/23, 10:44 AM sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm 1/32 EX-3.5 2 ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm EXHIBIT 3.5 Exhibit 3.5 SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS OF VOLATO GROUP, INC. (THE “CORPORATION”) ARTICLE I OFFICES Section 1.1. Registered Office. The registered office of the Corporation within the State of Delaware shall be as set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation (as defined below). Section 1.2. Additional Offices. The Corporation may, in addition to its registered office in the State of Delaware, have such other offices and places of business, both within and outside the State of Delaware, as the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the “Board”) may from time to time determine or as the business and affairs of the Corporation may require. ARTICLE II STOCKHOLDERS MEETINGS Section 2.1. Annual Meetings. The annual meeting of stockholders shall be held at such place, either within or without the State of Delaware, and time and on such date as shall be determined by the Board and stated in the notice of the meeting, provided that the Board may in its sole discretion determine that the meeting shall not be held at any place, but may instead be held solely by means of remote communication pursuant to Section 10.5(a) hereof and in accordance with the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as amended from time to time (the “DGCL”). At each annual meeting, the stockholders entitled to vote on such matters shall elect directors of the Corporation to fill any term of a directorship that expires on the date of such annual meeting and may transact any other business as may properly be brought before the meeting. Section 2.2. Special Meetings. Special meetings of stockholders shall be held at such place, either within or without the State of Delaware, and at such time and on such date as shall be determined by the Board and stated in the Corporation’s notice of the meeting, provided that the Board may in its sole discretion determine that the meeting shall not be held at any place, but may instead be held solely by means of remote communication pursuant to Section 10.5(a) hereof. The Board may postpone, reschedule or cancel any special meeting of stockholders previously scheduled by the Board or the Chairperson of the Board. Section 2.3. Notices. Written notice of each stockholders meeting stating the place, if any, date, and time of the meeting, and the means of remote communication, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting and the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, if such date is different from the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting, shall be given in the manner permitted by Section 10.3 hereof to each stockholder entitled to vote thereat as of the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting, by the Corporation not less than 10 nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting unless otherwise required by the DGCL. If said notice is for a stockholders meeting other than an annual meeting, it shall in addition state the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called, and the business transacted at such meeting shall be limited to the matters so stated in the Corporation’s notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto). Any meeting of stockholders as to which notice has been given may be postponed, and any meeting of stockholders as to which notice has been given may be cancelled, by the Board upon public announcement (as defined in Section 2.7(c) hereof) given before the date previously scheduled for such meeting. 1

11/24/23, 10:44 AM sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm 2/32 Section 2.4. Quorum. Except as otherwise provided by applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, as the same may be amended or restated from time to time (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), or these Second Amended and Restated Bylaws, as the same may be amended from time to time (these “Bylaws”), the presence, in person or by proxy, at a stockholders meeting of the holders of shares of outstanding capital stock of the Corporation representing a majority of the voting power of all outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at such meeting, except that when specified business is to be voted on by a class or series of stock voting as a class, the holders of shares representing a majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares of such class or series shall constitute a quorum of such class or series for the transaction of such business. If a quorum shall not be present or represented by proxy at any meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation, the chairperson of the meeting may adjourn the meeting from time to time in the manner provided in Section 2.6 hereof until a quorum shall attend. The stockholders present at a duly convened meeting may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough stockholders to leave less than a quorum. Shares of its own stock belonging to the Corporation or to another corporation, if a majority of the voting power of the shares entitled to vote in the election of directors of such other corporation is held, directly or indirectly, by the Corporation, shall neither be entitled to vote nor be counted for quorum purposes; provided, however, that the foregoing shall not limit the right of the Corporation or any such other corporation to vote shares held by it in a fiduciary capacity. Section 2.5. Voting of Shares. (a) Voting Lists. The Secretary of the Corporation (the “Secretary”) shall prepare, or shall cause the officer or agent who has charge of the stock ledger of the Corporation to prepare and make, at least 10 days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders of record entitled to vote at such meeting; provided, however, that if the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote is less than 10 days before the meeting date, the list shall reflect the stockholders entitled to vote as of the tenth day before the meeting date, arranged in alphabetical order and showing the address and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Nothing contained in this Section 2.5(a) shall require the Corporation to include electronic mail addresses or other electronic contact information on such list. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours for a period of at least 10 days prior to the meeting: (i) on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of the meeting, or (ii) during ordinary business hours, at the principal place of business of the Corporation. In the event that the Corporation determines to make the list available on an electronic network, the Corporation may take reasonable steps to ensure that such information is available only to stockholders of the Corporation. The stock ledger shall be the only evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine the list required by this Section 2.5(a) or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of stockholders. 2

11/24/23, 10:44 AM sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm 3/32 (b) Manner of Voting. At any stockholders meeting, every stockholder entitled to vote may vote in person or by proxy. If authorized by the Board, the voting by stockholders or proxy holders at any meeting conducted by remote communication may be effected by a ballot submitted by electronic transmission (as defined in Section 10.3), provided that any such electronic transmission must either set forth or be submitted with information from which the Corporation can determine that the electronic transmission was authorized by the stockholder or proxy holder. The Board, in its discretion, or the chairperson of the meeting of stockholders, in such person’s discretion, may require that any votes cast at such meeting shall be cast by written ballot. (c) Proxies. Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders or to express consent or dissent to corporate action without a meeting may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder by proxy, but no such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three (3) years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. Proxies need not be filed with the Secretary until the meeting is called to order but shall be filed with the Secretary before being voted. Without limiting the manner in which a stockholder may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder as proxy, either of the following shall constitute a valid means by which a stockholder may grant such authority. Any stockholder directly or indirectly soliciting proxies from other stockholders must use a proxy card color other than white, which shall be reserved for the exclusive use by the Board of Directors. (i) A stockholder or such stockholder’s authorized officer, director, employee or agent may execute a document authorizing another person or persons to act for such stockholder as proxy. (ii) A stockholder may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder as proxy by transmitting or authorizing the transmission of an electronic transmission to the person who will be the holder of the proxy or to a proxy solicitation firm, proxy support service organization or like agent duly authorized by the person who will be the holder of the proxy to receive such transmission, provided that any such electronic transmission must either set forth or be submitted with information from which it can be determined that the electronic transmission was authorized by the stockholder. Any copy, facsimile telecommunication or other reliable reproduction of the document (including an electronic transmission) created pursuant to this Section 2.5 may be substituted or used in lieu of the original document for any and all purposes for which the original document could be used; provided that such copy, facsimile telecommunication or other reproduction shall be a complete reproduction of the entire original document. (d) Required Vote. Subject to the rights of the holders of one or more series of Preferred Stock, voting separately by class or series, to elect directors pursuant to the terms of one or more series of Preferred Stock, at all meetings of stockholders at which a quorum is present, the election of directors shall be determined by a plurality of the votes cast by the stockholders present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote thereon. All other matters presented to the stockholders at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be determined by the vote of a majority of the votes cast by the stockholders present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote thereon, unless the matter is one upon which, by applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws or applicable stock exchange rules, a different vote is required, in which case such provision shall govern and control the decision of such matter. 3

11/24/23, 10:44 AM sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm 4/32 (e) Inspectors of Election. The Board may, and shall if required by law, in advance of any meeting of stockholders, appoint one or more persons as inspectors of election, who may be employees of the Corporation or otherwise serve the Corporation in other capacities, to act at such meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof and to make a written report thereof. The Board may appoint one or more persons as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. If no inspectors of election or alternates are appointed by the Board, the chairperson of the meeting shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Each inspector, before discharging his or her duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of his or her ability. The inspectors shall ascertain and report the number of outstanding shares and the voting power of each; determine the number of shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and the validity of proxies and ballots; count all votes and ballots and report the results; determine and retain for a reasonable period a record of the disposition of any challenges made to any determination by the inspectors; and certify their determination of the number of shares represented at the meeting and their count of all votes and ballots. No person who is a candidate for an office at an election may serve as an inspector at such election. Each report of an inspector shall be in writing and signed by the inspector or by a majority of them if there is more than one inspector acting at such meeting. If there is more than one inspector, the report of a majority shall be the report of the inspectors. Section 2.6. Adjournments and Recesses. Any meeting of stockholders, annual or special, may be adjourned or recessed by the chairperson of the meeting, from time to time, whether or not there is a quorum, to reconvene at the same or some other place. Notice need not be given of any such adjourned meeting if the date, time, and place, if any, thereof, and the means of remote communication, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such adjourned meeting are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting the stockholders, or the holders of any class or series of stock entitled to vote separately as a class, as the case may be, may transact any business that might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than 30 days, notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting. If, after the adjournment, a new record date for stockholders entitled to vote is fixed for the adjourned meeting, the Board shall fix a new record date for notice of such adjourned meeting in accordance with Section 10.2, and shall give notice of the adjourned meeting to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such adjourned meeting as of the record date fixed for notice of such adjourned meeting. Section 2.7. Advance Notice for Business. (a) Annual Meetings of Stockholders. No business may be transacted at an annual meeting of stockholders, other than business that is either (i) specified in the Corporation’s notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board, (ii) otherwise properly brought before the annual meeting by or at the direction of the Board or (iii) otherwise properly brought before the annual meeting by any stockholder of the Corporation (x) who is a stockholder of record entitled to vote at such annual meeting on the date of the giving of the notice provided for in this Section 2.7(a) and through the time of the annual meeting, and who is entitled to vote at such annual meeting and (y) who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 2.7(a). Notwithstanding anything in this Section 2.7(a) to the contrary, only persons nominated for election as a director to fill any term of a directorship that expires on the date of the annual meeting pursuant to Section 3.4 will be considered for election at such meeting. 4

11/24/23, 10:44 AM sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm 5/32 (i) In addition to any other applicable requirements, for business (other than nominations) to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, such stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in proper written form to the Secretary and such business must otherwise be a proper matter for stockholder action. Subject to Section 2.7(a)(iii), a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary with respect to such business, to be timely, must be received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the 90th day nor earlier than the close of business on the 120th day before the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders (which, in the case of the first annual meeting of stockholders following the adoption of these Bylaws, the date of the preceding year’s annual meeting shall be deemed to be June 1, 2023) (the “First Annual Meeting”); provided, however, that in the event that the annual meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 60 days after such anniversary date (other than in connection with the First Annual Meeting), notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so delivered not earlier than the close of business on the 120th day before the meeting and not later than the later of (x) the close of business on the 90th day before the meeting or (y) the close of business on the 10th day following the day on which public announcement of the date of the annual meeting is first made by the Corporation. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment, recess, rescheduling or postponement of an annual meeting commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described in this Section 2.7(a). (ii) To be in proper written form, a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary with respect to any business (other than nominations) must set forth as to each such matter such stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting (A) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting, the text of the proposal or business (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration and in the event such business includes a proposal to amend these Bylaws, the language of the proposed amendment) and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, (B) the name and record address of such stockholder and the name and address of the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made, (C) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation that are owned beneficially and of record by such stockholder and by the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made, (D) a description of all agreements, arrangements or understandings (including any contract to purchase or sell, acquisition or grant of any option, right or warrant to purchase or sell swap or other instrument) with respect to the proposal and/or the voting of shares of any class or series of stock of the Corporation between or among the stockholder giving the notice, the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made, any of their respective affiliates or associates and/or any other person, including pertaining to the business proposed to be brought before the meeting of stockholders (which description shall identify the name of each other person who is party to such an agreement, arrangement or understanding), (E) any material interest of such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made in such business and (F) a representation that such stockholder intends to appear in person or by proxy at the annual meeting to bring such business before the meeting. 5

11/24/23, 10:44 AM sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm 6/32 (iii) The foregoing notice requirements of this Section 2.7(a) shall be deemed satisfied by a stockholder as to any proposal (other than nominations) if the stockholder has notified the Corporation of such stockholder’s intention to present such proposal at an annual meeting in compliance with Rule 14a-8 (or any successor thereof) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and such stockholder has complied with the requirements of such Rule for inclusion of such proposal in a proxy statement prepared by the Corporation to solicit proxies for such annual meeting. No business shall be conducted at the annual meeting of stockholders except business brought before the annual meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 2.7(a); provided, however, that once business has been properly brought before the annual meeting in accordance with such procedures, nothing in this Section 2.7(a) shall be deemed to preclude discussion by any stockholder of any such business. If the Board or the chairperson of the annual meeting determines that any stockholder proposal was not made in accordance with the provisions of this Section 2.7(a) or that the information provided in a stockholder’s notice does not satisfy the information requirements of this Section 2.7(a), such proposal shall not be presented for action at the annual meeting. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.7(a), if the stockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear at the annual meeting of stockholders of the Corporation to present the proposed business, such proposed business shall not be transacted, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such matter may have been received by the Corporation. (iv) In addition to the provisions of this Section 2.7(a), a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth herein. Nothing in this Section 2.7(a) shall be deemed to affect any rights of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the Corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act. (v) The stockholder providing notice shall further update and supplement its notice of any business proposed to be brought before a meeting, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to this Section 2.7(a) shall be true and correct (A) as of the record date for the meeting and (B) as of the date that is ten business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment, recess, rescheduling or postponement thereof, it being understood that providing any such notification shall not be deemed to cure any defect or limit the Corporation’s right to determine that such stockholder proposal was not made in accordance with this Section 2.7(a) or that the information provided in the initial stockholder’s notice does not satisfy the information requirements of this Section 2.7(a). Such update and supplement shall be delivered to the Secretary not later than three (3) business days after the later of the record date or the date notice of the record date is first publicly announced (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of the record date for the meeting) and not later than seven (7) business days prior to the date for the meeting, if practicable (or, if not practicable, on the first practicable date prior to the meeting), or any adjournment, recess, rescheduling or postponement thereof (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment, recess, rescheduling or postponement thereof). 6

11/24/23, 10:44 AM sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm 7/32 (b) Special Meetings of Stockholders. Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting. Nominations of persons for election to the Board may be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting only pursuant to Section 3.4. (c) Public Announcement. For purposes of these Bylaws, “public announcement” shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press or comparable national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Sections 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (or any successor thereto). Section 2.8. Conduct of Meetings. The chairperson of each annual and special meeting of stockholders shall be the Chairperson of the Board or, in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Chairperson of the Board, the Lead Independent Director or, in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Lead Independent Director, the Chief Executive Officer (if he or she shall be a director) or, in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Chief Executive Officer or if the Chief Executive Officer is not a director, the President (if he or she shall be a director) or, in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the President or if the President is not a director, such other person as shall be appointed by the Board. The date and time of the opening and the closing of the polls for each matter upon which the stockholders will vote at a meeting shall be announced at the meeting by the chairperson of the meeting. The Board may adopt such rules and regulations for the conduct of the meeting of stockholders as it shall deem appropriate. Except to the extent inconsistent with these Bylaws or such rules and regulations as adopted by the Board, the chairperson of any meeting of stockholders shall have the right and authority to convene and (for any or no reason) to adjourn or recess the meeting, to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such chairperson, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting. Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the Board or prescribed by the chairperson of the meeting, may include, without limitation, the following: (a) the establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting; (b) rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present; (c) limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting to stockholders of record of the Corporation, their duly authorized and constituted proxies or such other persons as the chairperson of the meeting shall determine; (d) restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; and (e) limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants. Unless and to the extent determined by the Board or the chairperson of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure. The secretary of each annual and special meeting of stockholders shall be the Secretary or, in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Secretary, an Assistant Secretary so appointed to act by the chairperson of the meeting. In the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Secretary and all Assistant Secretaries, the chairperson of the meeting may appoint any person to act as secretary of the meeting. 7

11/24/23, 10:44 AM sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm 8/32 ARTICLE III DIRECTORS Section 3.1. Powers; Number; Citizenship. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board, which may exercise all such powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these Bylaws required to be exercised or done by the stockholders. Directors need not be stockholders or residents of the State of Delaware. At least two-thirds (2/3) of the members of Board then in office shall be comprised of individuals who meet the definition of “a citizen of the United States,” as defined in Title 49, United States Code, Section 40102 and administrative interpretations thereof issued by the Department of Transportation or its predecessor or successors, or as the same may be from time to time amended (each a “U.S. Citizen”); provided, however, that if the Board has one member or two members then in office, such members shall be U.S. Citizens. Subject to the Certificate of Incorporation, the number of directors shall be fixed exclusively by resolution of the Board. Section 3.2. Election, Qualification and Term of Office. Except as provided otherwise in these Bylaws or the Certificate of Incorporation, each director, including a director elected to fill a vacancy or newly created directorship, shall hold office until the expiration of the term of the class, if any, for which elected and until such director’s successor is elected and qualified or until such director’s earlier death, resignation, disqualification or removal in accordance with the Certificate of Incorporation. Directors need not be stockholders. The Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws may prescribe qualifications for directors. Section 3.3. Resignation and Vacancies. (a) Any director may resign at any time upon notice given in writing or by electronic transmission to the Corporation. The resignation shall take effect at the time specified therein or upon the happening of an event specified therein, and if no time or event is specified, at the time of its receipt. When one or more directors so resigns and the resignation is effective at a future date or upon the happening of an event to occur on a future date, a majority of the directors then in office, including those who have so resigned, shall have power to fill such vacancy or vacancies, the vote thereon to take effect when such resignation or resignations shall become effective, and each director so chosen shall hold office as provided in Section 3.2. (b) Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, newly created directorships resulting from an increase in the number of directors and any vacancies on the Board resulting from death, resignation, retirement, disqualification, removal or any other cause may be filled solely and exclusively by a majority vote of the remaining directors then in office, even if less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director (and not by stockholders), and any director so chosen shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors to which the new directorship was added or in which the vacancy occurred and until his or her successor has been elected and qualified, subject, however, to such director’s earlier death, resignation, retirement, disqualification or removal. 8

11/24/23, 10:44 AM sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm 9/32 Section 3.4. Advance Notice for Nomination of Directors. (a) Only persons who are nominated in accordance with the following procedures shall be eligible for election as directors of the Corporation, except as may be otherwise provided by the terms of one or more series of Preferred Stock with respect to the rights of holders of one or more series of Preferred Stock to elect directors. Nominations of persons for election to the Board at any annual meeting of stockholders, or at any special meeting of stockholders called for the purpose of electing directors as set forth in the Corporation’s notice of such special meeting, may be made (i) by or at the direction of the Board or (ii) by any stockholder of the Corporation (x) who is a stockholder of record entitled to vote in the election of directors on the date of the giving of the notice provided for in this Section 3.4 and on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting and (y) who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 3.4. The number of nominees a stockholder may nominate for election at an annual or special meeting (or in the case of a stockholder giving the notice on behalf of a beneficial owner, the number of nominees a stockholder may nominate for election at the annual meeting or special meeting on behalf of the beneficial owner) shall not exceed the number of directors to be elected at such annual or special meeting. (b) In addition to any other applicable requirements, for a nomination to be made by a stockholder, such stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in proper written form to the Secretary. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary must be received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation (i) in the case of an annual meeting, not later than the close of business on the 90th day nor earlier than the close of business on the 120th day before the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders; provided, however, that in the event that the annual meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 60 days after such anniversary date (other than in connection with the First Annual Meeting), notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so received not earlier than the close of business on the 120th day before the meeting and not later than the later of (x) the close of business on the 90th day before the meeting or (y) the close of business on the 10th day following the day on which public announcement of the date of the annual meeting was first made by the Corporation; and (ii) in the case of a special meeting of stockholders called for the purpose of electing directors, not later than the close of business on the 10th day following the day on which public announcement of the date of the special meeting is first made by the Corporation. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment, recess, rescheduling or postponement of an annual meeting or special meeting commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described in this Section 3.4. (c) Notwithstanding anything in paragraph (b) to the contrary, in the event that the number of directors to be elected to the Board at an annual meeting is greater than the number of directors whose terms expire on the date of the annual meeting due to the occurrence of vacancies or an increase in the number of authorized directorships and there is no public announcement by the Corporation naming all of the nominees for the additional directors to be elected before the close of business on the 90th day prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders, a stockholder’s notice required by this Section 3.4 shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for the vacancies or additional directorships created by such increase that are to be filled by election at such annual meeting, if it shall be received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the 10th day following the date on which such public announcement was first made by the Corporation. 9

11/24/23, 10:44 AM sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm 10/32 (d) To be in proper written form, a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary must set forth (i) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election as a director (A) the name, age, business address and residence address of the person, (B) the principal occupation or employment of the person (present and for at least the past five (5) years), (C) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation, if any, that are directly or indirectly owned beneficially or of record by the person (D) any other information relating to the person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, without regard to the application of the Exchange Act to either the nomination or the Corporation, and (E) all written and signed representations and agreements and all completed and signed questionnaires required pursuant to Section 3.5 below; and (ii) as to the stockholder giving the notice (A) the name and record address of such stockholder as they appear on the Corporation’s books and the name and address of the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made, (B) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation that are directly or indirectly owned beneficially and of record by such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made, (C) a description in reasonable detail of all agreements, arrangements or understandings (including any contract to purchase or sell, acquisition or grant of any option, right or warrant to purchase or sell, swap or other instrument), written or oral and formal or informal, (x) relating to the nomination to be made by such stockholder among any of such stockholder, the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made, each proposed nominee and any other person or persons (including their names), (y) with the intent or effect of which may be to transfer to or from any such person, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of any security of the Corporation or to increase or decrease the voting power of any such person with respect to any security of the Corporation, or (z) any agreement that would be required to be disclosed by any (1)(i) stockholder providing a notice required by this Section 3.4 (other than a stockholder of record that is a broker, bank, custodian, or similar entity that is acting solely as a nominee on behalf of a beneficial owner), (ii) the beneficial owner or beneficial owners, if different, on whose behalf such notice is given, and (iii) any affiliates or associates (each within the meaning of Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act, for purposes of these Bylaws of such stockholder or beneficial owner acting in concert with any of the persons described in subclauses (1)(i) or (1)(ii) (each a “Proposing Person”) or (2) any other person or entity pursuant to Item 5 or Item 6 of a Schedule 13D that would be filed pursuant to the Exchange Act (including the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder) (regardless of whether the requirement to file a Schedule 13D is applicable to the Proposing Person or other person or entity), (D) a representation that such stockholder intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the persons named in its notice, (E) a description of any material interest related to the nomination of such stockholder, such beneficial owner and/or any Proposing Person, (F) a description of any direct or indirect legal, economic or financial interest of such stockholder in the outcome of any vote to be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation or any other entity with respect to any matter that is substantially related, directly or indirectly, to any nomination or business proposed by the stockholder giving notice, (G) a certification that each person that the stockholder giving notice is nominating has complied with all applicable federal, state and other legal requirements in connection with its acquisition of shares or other securities of the Corporation and such person’s acts or omissions as a stockholder of the Corporation, (H) a representation as to the accuracy of the information set forth in the notice, (I) a representation that the stockholder giving notice is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and intends to remain a stockholder of the Corporation through the meeting, (J) a representation whether the stockholder intends or is part of a group that intends (i) to deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of issued and outstanding shares representing at least fifty percent (50%) of the voting power of the issued and outstanding shares of the Corporation that are entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, (ii) otherwise to solicit proxies or votes from stockholders in support of such director nominee, and/or (iii) otherwise to solicit proxies in support of any proposed director nominees other than the Corporation’s director nominees in accordance with Rule 14a-19 promulgated under the Exchange Act, and where such stockholder, beneficial owner and/or Proposing Person intends to so solicit proxies, the notice and information required by Rule 14a-19(b) under the Exchange Act, (K) a representation that such stockholder and/or such beneficial owner has complied, and will comply, with all applicable requirements of state law and the Exchange Act with respect to matters set forth in the notice required by this Section 3.4, and (L) a description of any other information relating to such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Such notice must be accompanied by a written consent of each proposed nominee to being named as a nominee and to serve as a director if elected. 10

11/24/23, 10:44 AM sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm 11/32 (e) If the Board or the chairperson of the meeting of stockholders determines that any nomination was not made in accordance with the provisions of this Section 3.4, or that the information provided in a stockholder’s notice does not satisfy the information requirements of this Section 3.4, then such nomination shall not be considered at the meeting in question. If a nomination is not properly brought before the annual or special meeting in accordance with these Bylaws or otherwise, the chairperson of the meeting shall declare to the meeting and any such nomination not properly brought before the meeting need not be transacted. For the avoidance of doubt, unless required by applicable law, a nomination for director by a stockholder giving notice under Section 3.4 is not properly brought before the annual or special meeting in accordance with these Bylaws if the Board or the chairperson of an annual or special meeting determines that (i) such stockholder or any such Proposing Person breaches any of its agreements, representations or warranties set forth in the notice given by such stockholder or otherwise submitted pursuant to this Section 3.4, (ii) any of the information in such stockholder notice or otherwise submitted by such stockholder or Proposing Person was not, when provided, true, correct and complete, or (iii) any such stockholder or Proposing Person otherwise fails to comply with its obligations pursuant to these Bylaws. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 3.4, if the stockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear at the meeting of stockholders of the Corporation to present the nomination, such nomination shall be disregarded, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such nomination may have been received by the Corporation. 11

11/24/23, 10:44 AM sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm 12/32 (f) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in these Bylaws, unless otherwise required by applicable law, if any stockholder or Proposing Person (i) provides notice pursuant to Rule 14a-19(b) promulgated under the Exchange Act and (ii) subsequently fails to comply with the requirements of Rule 14a-19(a)(2) or Rule 14a-19(a)(3) promulgated under the Exchange Act (or fails to timely provide documentation reasonably satisfactory to the Corporation that such stockholder has met the requirements of Rule 14a-19(a)(3) promulgated under the Exchange Act in accordance with the following sentence), then such nomination shall be disregarded and no vote on such nominee proposed by such stockholder or Proposing Person shall occur, notwithstanding that the nomination is set forth in the notice of meeting or other proxy materials and notwithstanding that proxies or votes in respect of the election of such proposed nominee may have been received by the Corporation (which proxies and votes shall be disregarded). Upon request by the Corporation, any stockholder or any Proposing Person that has provided notice pursuant to Rule 14a-19(b) promulgated under the Exchange Act shall deliver to the Corporation, no later than five (5) business days prior to the applicable meeting, documentation reasonably satisfactory to the Corporation demonstrating that it has met the requirements of Rule 14a-19(a)(3) promulgated under the Exchange Act. (g) In addition to the provisions of this Section 3.4, a stockholder shall also comply with all of the applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth herein. Nothing in this Section 3.4 shall be deemed to affect any rights of the holders of Preferred Stock to elect directors pursuant to the Certificate of Incorporation. (h) The stockholder providing notice shall further update and supplement its notice of any nomination or other business proposed to be brought before a meeting, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to this Section 3.4 shall be true and correct (A) as of the record date for the meeting and (B) as of the date that is ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment, recess, rescheduling or postponement thereof, it being understood that providing any such notification shall not be deemed to cure a defect or limit the Corporation’s right to omit a director nominee from its form of proxy as provided in this Section 3.4. Such update and supplement shall be delivered to the Secretary not later than three (3) business days after the later of the record date or the date notice of the record date is first publicly announced (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of the record date for the meeting) and not later than seven (7) business days prior to the date for the meeting, if practicable (or, if not practicable, on the first practicable date prior to the meeting), or any adjournment, recess, rescheduling or postponement thereof (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment, recess, rescheduling or postponement thereof). Section 3.5. Submission of Information by Director Nominees. (a) To be eligible to be a nominee for election or re-election as a director of the Corporation, a person to be nominated must deliver to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation the following information: (i) a written representation and agreement, which shall be signed by such person and pursuant to which such person shall represent and agree that such person: (A) consents to serving as a director if elected and to being named in the Corporation’s form of proxy and proxy statement as a director nominee, and currently intends to serve as a director for the full term for which such person is standing for election; (B) is not and shall not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity: (1) as to how the person, if elected as a director, shall act or vote on any issue or question that has not been disclosed to the Corporation, or (2) that could limit or interfere with the person’s ability to comply, if elected as a director, with such person’s fiduciary duties under applicable law; (C) is not and shall not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the Corporation with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification in connection with service or action as a director or nominee that has not been disclosed to the Corporation; and (D) if elected as a director, shall comply with all of the Corporation’s corporate governance, conflict of interest, confidentiality, and stock ownership and trading policies and guidelines, and any other Corporation policies and guidelines applicable to directors (which shall be provided to such person promptly following a request therefor); and (ii) all completed and signed questionnaires required of the Corporation’s nominees (which shall be provided to such person promptly following a request therefor); provided, however, that the Board of Directors may require any proposed nominee to submit to interviews with the Board of Directors or any committee thereof, and such proposed nominee shall make themselves available for any such interviews within no less than ten (10) business days following the date of such request. 12

11/24/23, 10:44 AM sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm 13/32 (b) A nominee for election or re-election as a director of the Corporation shall also provide to the Corporation such additional information as the Corporation may reasonably request. The Corporation may request such additional information as necessary to permit the Board to determine the eligibility of such person to serve as a director of the Corporation, including information relevant to a determination whether such person can be considered an independent director. (c) All written and signed representations and agreements and all completed and signed questionnaires required pursuant to Section 3.5(a), and the additional information described in Section 3.5(b), shall be considered timely for a nominee for election or re-election as a director of the Corporation under Section 3.4 above if provided to the Corporation by the deadlines specified in Section 3.4. All information provided pursuant to this Section 3.5 by a nominee for election or re-election as a director of the Corporation under Section 3.4 above shall be deemed part of the stockholder’s notice submitted pursuant to Section 3.4. Section 3.6. Compensation. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the Board shall have the authority to fix the compensation of directors, including for service on a committee of the Board, and may be paid either a fixed sum for attendance at each meeting of the Board or other compensation as director. The directors may be reimbursed their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the Board. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor. Members of committees of the Board may be allowed like compensation and reimbursement of expenses for service on the committee. 13

11/24/23, 10:44 AM sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm 14/32 Section 3.7. Chairperson of the Board. The Board shall annually elect one of its members to be its chairperson (the “Chairperson of the Board”) and shall fill any vacancy in the position of Chairperson of the Board at such time and in such manner as the Board shall determine. Except as otherwise provided in these Bylaws, the Chairperson of the Board shall preside at all meetings of the Board and of stockholders. The Chairperson of the Board shall perform such other duties and services as shall be assigned to or required of the Chairperson of the Board by the Board. Section 3.8. Lead Independent Director. The Board may, in its discretion, elect a lead independent director from among its members that are Independent Directors (as defined below) (such director, the “Lead Independent Director”). The Lead Independent Director shall preside at all meetings at which the Chairperson of the Board is not present and shall exercise such other powers and duties as may from time to time be assigned to such person by the Board or as prescribed by these Bylaws. For purposes of these Bylaws, “Independent Director” has the meaning ascribed to such term under the rules of the exchange upon which the Corporation’s Class A Common Stock is primarily traded. ARTICLE IV BOARD MEETINGS Section 4.1. Annual Meetings. The Board shall meet as soon as practicable after the adjournment of each annual stockholders meeting at the place of the annual stockholders meeting unless the Board shall fix another time and place and give notice thereof in the manner required herein for special meetings of the Board. No notice to the directors shall be necessary to legally convene this meeting, except as provided in this Section 4.1. Section 4.2. Regular Meetings. Regularly scheduled, periodic meetings of the Board may be held without notice at such times, dates and places (within or without the State of Delaware) as shall from time to time be determined by the Board. Section 4.3. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board (a) may be called by the Chairperson of the Board, the Lead Independent Director or President and (b) shall be called by the Chairperson of the Board, the Lead Independent Director, President or Secretary on the written request of at least a majority of directors then in office, or the sole director, as the case may be, and shall be held at such time, date and place (within or without the State of Delaware) as may be determined by the person calling the meeting or, if called upon the request of directors or the sole director, as specified in such written request. Notice of each special meeting of the Board shall be given, as provided in Section 10.3, to each director (i) at least 24 hours before the meeting if such notice is oral notice given personally or by telephone or written notice given by hand delivery or by means of a form of electronic transmission and delivery; (ii) at least two (2) days before the meeting if such notice is sent by a nationally recognized overnight delivery service; and (iii) at least five (5) days before the meeting if such notice is sent through the United States mail. If the Secretary shall fail or refuse to give such notice, then the notice may be given by the officer who called the meeting or the directors who requested the meeting. Any and all business that may be transacted at a regular meeting of the Board may be transacted at a special meeting. Except as may be otherwise expressly provided by applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these Bylaws, neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any special meeting need be specified in the notice or waiver of notice of such meeting. A special meeting may be held at any time without notice if all the directors are present or if those not present waive notice of the meeting in accordance with Section 10.4. 14

11/24/23, 10:44 AM sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm 15/32 Section 4.4. Quorum; Adjournment. A majority of the directors present, whether or not constituting a quorum, may adjourn any meeting of the Board to another time and place. Notice of the time and place of holding of an adjourned meeting of the Board need not be given if announced at the meeting from which such adjournment is taken, unless the meeting is adjourned for more than twenty-four hours. If the meeting of the Board is adjourned for more than twenty-four hours, then notice of the time and place of the adjourned meeting shall be given before the adjourned meeting takes place to the directors who were not present at the time of adjournment in the manner specified in Section 4.3 of these Bylaws. Section 4.5. Consent In Lieu of Meeting. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board or any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, and the writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions (or paper reproductions thereof) are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board or committee. Such filing shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and shall be in electronic form if the minutes are maintained in electronic form. Section 4.6. Organization. The Chairperson of each meeting of the Board shall be the Chairperson of the Board or, in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Chairperson of the Board, the Lead Independent Director or, in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Lead Independent Director, the Chief Executive Officer (if he or she shall be a director) or, in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Chief Executive Officer or if the Chief Executive Officer is not a director, the President (if he or she shall be a director) or in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the President or if the President is not a director, a chairperson elected from the directors present. The Secretary shall act as secretary of all meetings of the Board. In the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Secretary, an Assistant Secretary shall perform the duties of the Secretary at such meeting. In the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Secretary and all Assistant Secretaries, the chairperson of the meeting may appoint any person to act as secretary of the meeting. ARTICLE V COMMITTEES OF DIRECTORS Section 5.1. Establishment. The Board may by resolution of the Board designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation. At least two-thirds (2/3) of the members of each committee shall be comprised of individuals who meet the definition of “a citizen of the United States,” as defined in Title 49, United States Code, Section 40102 and administrative interpretations thereof issued by the Department of Transportation or its predecessor or successors, or as the same may be from time to time amended; provided, however, that if a committee has one member or two members, such members shall be “citizens of the United States,” as defined immediately above. Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the Board when required by the resolution designating such committee. The Board shall have the power at any time to fill vacancies in, to change the membership of, or to dissolve any such committee. 15

11/24/23, 10:44 AM sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm 16/32 Section 5.2. Available Powers. Any committee established pursuant to Section 5.1 hereof, to the extent permitted by applicable law and by resolution of the Board, shall have and may exercise all of the powers and authority of the Board in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers that may require it. Section 5.3. Alternate Members. The Board may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of such committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of the committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he, she or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board to act at the meeting in place of any such absent or disqualified member. Section 5.4. Procedures. Unless the Board otherwise provides, the time, date, place, if any, and notice of meetings of a committee shall be determined by such committee. At meetings of a committee, a majority of the number of members of the committee (but not including any alternate member, unless such alternate member has replaced any absent or disqualified member at the time of, or in connection with, such meeting) shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. The act of a majority of the members present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the committee, except as otherwise specifically provided by applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws or the Board. If a quorum is not present at a meeting of a committee, the members present may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than an announcement at the meeting, until a quorum is present. Unless the Board otherwise provides and except as provided in these Bylaws, each committee designated by the Board may make, alter, amend and repeal rules for the conduct of its business. In the absence of such rules each committee shall conduct its business in the same manner as the Board is authorized to conduct its business pursuant to Article III and Article IV of these Bylaws. ARTICLE VI OFFICERS Section 6.1. Officers. The officers of the Corporation elected by the Board shall be a Chief Executive Officer, a Chief Financial Officer, a Secretary and such other officers (including without limitation, a Chairperson of the Board, Presidents, Vice Presidents, Assistant Secretaries, and a Treasurer) as the Board from time to time may determine. Officers elected by the Board shall each have such powers and duties as generally pertain to their respective offices, subject to the specific provisions of this Article VI. Such officers shall also have such powers and duties as from time to time may be conferred by the Board. The Chief Executive Officer or President may also appoint such other officers (including without limitation one or more Vice Presidents and Controllers) as may be necessary or desirable for the conduct of the business of the Corporation. Such other officers shall have such powers and duties and shall hold their offices for such terms as may be provided in these Bylaws or as may be prescribed by the Board or, if such officer has been appointed by the Chief Executive Officer or President, as may be prescribed by the appointing officer. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, at all times, at least two-thirds of the officers of the Corporation must be U.S. Citizens, such that the Corporation at all times is under “actual control” of U.S. Citizens (as required in Title 49, United States Code, Section 40102 and administrative interpretations thereof issued by the Department of Transportation or its predecessor or successors, or as the same may be from time to time amended). 16

11/24/23, 10:44 AM sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm 17/32 (a) Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer shall be the chief executive officer of the Corporation, shall have general supervision of the affairs of the Corporation and general control of all of its business subject to the ultimate authority of the Board, and shall be responsible for the execution of the policies of the Board with respect to such matters, except to the extent any such powers and duties have been prescribed to the Chairperson of the Board pursuant to Section 3.6 above. In the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Chairperson of the Board and the Lead Independent Director, the Chief Executive Officer (if he or she shall be a director) shall preside when present at all meetings of the stockholders and the Board. The position of Chief Executive Officer and President may be held by the same person and may be held by more than one person. The Chief Executive Officer must at all times be a U.S. Citizen. (b) President. The President shall make recommendations to the Chief Executive Officer on all operational matters that would normally be reserved for the final executive responsibility of the Chief Executive Officer. In the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Chairperson of the Board, the Lead Independent Director, and the Chief Executive Officer, the President (if he or she shall be a director) shall preside when present at all meetings of the stockholders and the Board. The President shall also perform such duties and have such powers as shall be designated by the Board. The position of President and Chief Executive Officer may be held by the same person. The President must at all times be a U.S. Citizen. (c) Chief Financial Officer. The Chief Financial Officer shall perform all duties commonly incident to that office (including, without limitation, the care and custody of the funds and securities of the Corporation, which from time to time may come into the Chief Financial Officer’s hands and the deposit of the funds of the Corporation in such banks or trust companies as the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the President may authorize). (d) Vice Presidents. In the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the President, the Vice President (or in the event there be more than one Vice President, the Vice Presidents in the order designated by the Board) shall perform the duties and have the powers of the President. Any one or more of the Vice Presidents may be given an additional designation of rank or function. (e) Secretary. (i) The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the stockholders, the Board and (as required) committees of the Board and shall record the proceedings of such meetings in books to be kept for that purpose. The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of the stockholders and special meetings of the Board and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board, the Chairperson of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or President. The Secretary shall have custody of the corporate seal of the Corporation and the Secretary, or any Assistant Secretary, shall have authority to affix the same to any instrument requiring it, and when so affixed, it may be attested by his or her signature or by the signature of such Assistant Secretary. The Board may give general authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the Corporation and to attest the affixing thereof by his or her signature. 17

11/24/23, 10:44 AM sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm 18/32 (ii) The Secretary shall keep, or cause to be kept, at the principal executive office of the Corporation or at the office of the Corporation’s transfer agent or registrar, if one has been appointed, a stock ledger, or duplicate stock ledger, showing the names of the stockholders and their addresses, the number and classes of shares held by each and, with respect to certificated shares, the number and date of certificates issued for the same and the number and date of certificates cancelled. (f) Assistant Secretaries. The Assistant Secretary or, if there be more than one, the Assistant Secretaries in the order determined by the Board shall, in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Secretary, perform the duties and have the powers of the Secretary. (g) Treasurer. The Treasurer shall, in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Chief Financial Officer, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Chief Financial Officer. Section 6.2. Term of Office; Removal; Vacancies. The elected officers of the Corporation shall be appointed by the Board and shall hold office until their successors are duly elected and qualified by the Board or until their earlier death, resignation, retirement, disqualification, or removal from office. Any officer may be removed, with or without cause, at any time by the Board. Any officer appointed by the Chief Executive Officer or President may also be removed, with or without cause, by the Chief Executive Officer or President, as the case may be, unless the Board otherwise provides. Any vacancy occurring in any elected office of the Corporation may be filled by the Board. Any vacancy occurring in any office appointed by the Chief Executive Officer or President may be filled by the Chief Executive Officer, or President, as the case may be, unless the Board then determines that such office shall thereupon be elected by the Board, in which case the Board shall elect such officer. Section 6.3. Other Officers. The Board may delegate the power to appoint such other officers and agents and may also remove such officers and agents or delegate the power to remove same, as it shall from time to time deem necessary or desirable. In case any officer is absent, or for any other reason that the Board may deem sufficient, the Chief Executive Officer or the President or the Board may delegate for the time being the powers or duties of such officer to any other officer or to any director. Section 6.4. Multiple Officeholders; Stockholder and Director Officers. Any number of offices may be held by the same person unless the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws otherwise provide. Officers need not be stockholders or residents of the State of Delaware. Section 6.5. Limitations on Non-Citizens as Officers. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in these Bylaws, the Chief Executive Officer and the President (if applicable) and at least two-thirds (2/3) of the officers of the Corporation shall each be “a citizen of the United States,” as defined in Title 49, United States Code, Section 40102 and administrative interpretations thereof issued by the Department of Transportation or its predecessor or successors, or as the same may be from time to time amended. 18

11/24/23, 10:44 AM sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm 19/32 ARTICLE VII SHARES Section 7.1. Certificated and Uncertificated Shares. The shares of the Corporation may be certificated or uncertificated, subject to the sole discretion of the Board and the requirements of the DGCL. Section 7.2. Multiple Classes of Stock. If the Corporation shall be authorized to issue more than one class of stock or more than one series of any class, the Corporation shall (a) cause the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights to be set forth in full or summarized on the face or back of any certificate that the Corporation issues to represent shares of such class or series of stock or (b) in the case of uncertificated shares, within a reasonable time after the issuance or transfer of such shares, send to the registered owner thereof a written notice containing the information required to be set forth on certificates as specified in clause (a) above; provided, however, that, except as otherwise provided by applicable law, in lieu of the foregoing requirements, there may be set forth on the face or back of such certificate or, in the case of uncertificated shares, on such written notice a statement that the Corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences or rights. Section 7.3. Signatures. Each certificate representing capital stock of the Corporation shall be signed by or in the name of the Corporation by two (2) authorized officers of the Corporation, which authorized officers shall include, without limitation, the Chairperson of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, any Vice President, the Treasurer, the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary of the Corporation. Any or all the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, such certificate may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if such person were such officer, transfer agent or registrar on the date of issue. Section 7.4. Consideration and Payment for Shares. (a) Subject to applicable law and the Certificate of Incorporation, shares of stock may be issued for such consideration, having in the case of shares with par value a value not less than the par value thereof, and to such persons, as determined from time to time by the Board. The consideration may consist of any tangible or intangible property or any benefit to the Corporation including cash, promissory notes, services performed, contracts for services to be performed or other securities, or any combination thereof. 19

11/24/23, 10:44 AM sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm 20/32 (b) Subject to applicable law and the Certificate of Incorporation, shares may not be issued until the full amount of the consideration has been paid, unless upon the face or back of each certificate issued to represent any partly paid shares of capital stock or upon the books and records of the Corporation in the case of partly paid uncertificated shares, there shall have been set forth the total amount of the consideration to be paid therefor and the amount paid thereon up to and including the time said certificate representing certificated shares or said uncertificated shares are issued. Section 7.5. Lost, Destroyed or Wrongfully Taken Certificates. (a) If an owner of a certificate representing shares claims that such certificate has been lost, destroyed or wrongfully taken, the Corporation shall issue a new certificate representing such shares or such shares in uncertificated form if the owner: (i) requests such a new certificate before the Corporation has notice that the certificate representing such shares has been acquired by a protected purchaser; (ii) if requested by the Corporation, delivers to the Corporation a bond sufficient to indemnify the Corporation against any claim that may be made against the Corporation on account of the alleged loss, wrongful taking or destruction of such certificate or the issuance of such new certificate or uncertificated shares; and (iii) satisfies other reasonable requirements imposed by the Corporation. (b) If a certificate representing shares has been lost, apparently destroyed or wrongfully taken, and the owner fails to notify the Corporation of that fact within a reasonable time after the owner has notice of such loss, apparent destruction or wrongful taking and the Corporation registers a transfer of such shares before receiving notification, the owner shall be precluded from asserting against the Corporation any claim for registering such transfer or a claim to a new certificate representing such shares or such shares in uncertificated form. Section 7.6. Transfer of Stock. Whenever any transfer of shares shall be made for collateral security and not absolutely, the Corporation shall so record such fact in the entry of transfer if, when the certificate for such shares is presented to the Corporation for transfer or, if such shares are uncertificated, when the instruction for registration of transfer thereof is presented to the Corporation, both the transferor and transferee request the Corporation to do so. Section 7.7. Registered Stockholders. Before due presentment for registration of transfer of a certificate representing shares of the Corporation or of an instruction requesting registration of transfer of uncertificated shares, the Corporation may treat the registered owner as the person exclusively entitled to inspect for any proper purpose the stock ledger and the other books and records of the Corporation, vote such shares, receive dividends or notifications with respect to such shares and otherwise exercise all the rights and powers of the owner of such shares, except that a person who is the beneficial owner of such shares (if held in a voting trust or by a nominee on behalf of such person) may, upon providing documentary evidence of beneficial ownership of such shares and satisfying such other conditions as are provided under applicable law, may also so inspect the books and records of the Corporation. 20

11/24/23, 10:44 AM sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm 21/32 Section 7.8. Effect of the Corporation’s Restriction on Transfer. (a) A written restriction on the transfer or registration of transfer of shares of the Corporation or on the amount of shares of the Corporation that may be owned by any person or group of persons, if permitted by the DGCL and noted conspicuously on the certificate representing such shares or, in the case of uncertificated shares, contained in a notice, offering circular or prospectus sent by the Corporation to the registered owner of such shares within a reasonable time prior to or after the issuance or transfer of such shares, may be enforced against the holder of such shares or any successor or transferee of the holder including an executor, administrator, trustee, guardian or other fiduciary entrusted with like responsibility for the person or estate of the holder. (b) A restriction imposed by the Corporation on the transfer or the registration of shares of the Corporation or on the amount of shares of the Corporation that may be owned by any person or group of persons, even if otherwise lawful, is ineffective against a person without actual knowledge of such restriction unless: (i) the shares are certificated and such restriction is noted conspicuously on the certificate; or (ii) the shares are uncertificated and such restriction was contained in a notice, offering circular or prospectus sent by the Corporation to the registered owner of such shares within a reasonable time prior to or after the issuance or transfer of such shares. Section 7.9. Regulations. The Board shall have power and authority to make such additional rules and regulations, subject to any applicable requirement of law, as the Board may deem necessary and appropriate with respect to the issue, transfer or registration of transfer of shares of stock or certificates representing shares. The Board may appoint one or more transfer agents or registrars and may require for the validity thereof that certificates representing shares bear the signature of any transfer agent or registrar so appointed. ARTICLE VIII LIMITATIONS OF OWNERSHIP BY NON-CITIZENS Section 8.1. Definitions. For purposes of this Article VIII, the following definitions shall apply: (a) “Act” shall mean Subtitle VII of Title 49 of the United States Code, as amended, or as the same may be from time to time amended. (b) “Beneficial Ownership”, “Beneficially Owned” or “Owned Beneficially” refers to beneficial ownership as defined in Rule 13d-3 (without regard to the 60-day provision in paragraph (d)(1)(i) thereof) under the Exchange Act. (c) “Foreign Stock Record” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 8.3 below. (d) “Non-Citizen” shall mean any person or entity who is not a “citizen of the United States” (as defined in Section 41102 of the Act and administrative interpretations thereof issued by the Department of Transportation or its predecessor or successors, or as the same may be from time to time amended), including any agent, trustee or representative of a Non-Citizen. 21

11/24/23, 10:44 AM sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm 22/32 (e) “Own or Control” or “Owned or Controlled” shall mean (i) ownership of record, (ii) beneficial ownership or (iii) the power to direct, by agreement, agency or in any other manner, the voting of Stock. Any determination by the Board of Directors as to whether Stock is Owned or Controlled by a Non-Citizen shall be final. (f) “Permitted Percentage” shall mean (i) 24.9% of the aggregate votes of all outstanding Stock of the Corporation for persons who are not “citizens of the United States,” as defined in Section 40102(a)(15) of Subtitle VII of Title 49 of the United States Code, as amended, in any similar legislation of the United States enacted in substitution or replacement therefor, and as interpreted by the Department of Transportation, its predecessors and successors, from time to time, including any agent, trustee or representative of such persons or entities, and who are citizens of a country which does not have an air transport agreement with the United States, or (ii) 24.9% percent of the voting power of the Stock and forty-nine (49%) percent of the issued and outstanding Stock of the Corporation for citizens of a country with an air transportation agreement with the United States. (g) “Stock” shall mean the outstanding capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote; provided, however, that for the purpose of determining the voting power of Stock that shall at any time constitute the Permitted Percentage, the voting power of Stock outstanding shall not be adjusted downward solely because shares of Stock may not be entitled to vote by reason of any provision of this Article VIII. Section 8.2. Limitations on Ownership. It is the policy of the Corporation that, consistent with the requirements of the Act, Non- Citizens shall not Own and/or Control more than the Permitted Percentage and, if Non-Citizens nonetheless at any time Own and/or Control more than the Permitted Percentage, the voting rights of the Stock in excess of the Permitted Percentage shall be automatically restricted in accordance with the Certificate of Incorporation and Sections 8.3 and 8.4 below. Section 8.3. Foreign Stock Record. The Corporation or any transfer agent designated by it shall maintain a separate stock record (the “Foreign Stock Record”) in which shall be registered Stock known to the Corporation to be Owned and/or Controlled by Non-Citizens. It shall be the duty of each stockholder to register his, her or its Stock if such stockholder is a Non-Citizen. A Non-Citizen may, at its option, register any Stock to be purchased pursuant to an agreement entered into with the Corporation, as if Owned or Controlled by it, upon execution of a definitive agreement. Such Non-Citizen shall register his, her or its Stock by sending a written request to the Corporation, noting both the execution of a definitive agreement for the purchase of Stock and the anticipated closing date of such transaction. Within ten (10) days of such closing date, the Non-Citizen shall send to the Corporation a written notice confirming that such closing occurred. Failure to send such confirmatory notice shall result in the removal of such Stock from the Foreign Stock Record. For the avoidance of doubt, any Stock registered as a result of execution of a definitive agreement shall not have any voting or other ownership rights until the closing of that transaction. In the event that the sale pursuant to such definitive agreement is not consummated in accordance with such agreement (as may be amended), such Stock shall be removed from the Foreign Stock Record without further action by the Corporation. The Foreign Stock Record shall include (i) the name and nationality of each such Non- Citizen and (ii) the date of registration of such shares in the Foreign Stock Record. In no event shall shares in excess of the Permitted Percentage be entered on the Foreign Stock Record. In the event that the Corporation shall determine that Stock registered on the Foreign Stock Record exceeds the Permitted Percentage, the voting rights of the owners of the Stock registered on the Foreign Stock Record shall be restricted on a pro rata basis among all such owners (and not in reverse chronological order) so that the aggregate voting rights afforded to all of the Stock registered on the Foreign Stock Registry, taken together (without duplication), are equal to the Permitted Percentage, until such time as, absent such pro rata restriction, the voting rights of all of the Stock registered on the Foreign Stock Registry, taken together (without duplication), would not exceed the Permitted Percentage. 22

11/24/23, 10:44 AM sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm 23/32 Section 8.4. Restriction on Voting Rights. If at any time the number of shares of Stock known to the Corporation to be Owned and/or Controlled by Non-Citizens exceeds the Permitted Percentage, the voting rights of Stock Owned and/or Controlled by Non-Citizens and not registered on the Foreign Stock Record at the time of any vote or action of the stockholders of the Corporation shall, without further action by the Corporation, be restricted as set forth in Certificate of Incorporation. Such restriction of voting rights shall automatically terminate upon the earlier of the (i) transfer of such shares to a person or entity who is not a Non-Citizen, or (ii) registration of such shares on the Foreign Stock Record, subject to the last two sentences of Section 8.3 above. Section 8.5. Certificate of Citizenship. (a) The Corporation may by notice in writing (which may be included in the form of proxy or ballot distributed to stockholders in connection with the annual meeting or any special meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation, or otherwise) require a person that is a holder of record of Stock or that the Corporation knows to have, or has reasonable cause to believe has, Beneficial Ownership of Stock to certify in such manner as the Corporation shall deem appropriate (including by way of execution of any form of proxy or ballot of such person) that, to the knowledge of such person: (i) all Stock as to which such person has record ownership or Beneficial Ownership is Owned and Controlled only by citizens of the United States; or (ii) the number and class or series of Stock owned of record or Beneficially Owned by such person that is Owned and/or Controlled by Non-Citizens is as set forth in such certificate. (b) With respect to any Stock identified in response to Section 8.5(a)(ii) above, the Corporation may require such person to provide such further information as the Corporation may reasonably require in order to implement the provisions of this Article VIII. (c) For purposes of applying the provisions of this Article VIII with respect to any Stock, in the event of the failure of any person to provide the certificate or other information to which the Corporation is entitled pursuant to this Section 8.5, the Corporation shall presume that the Stock in question is Owned and/or Controlled by Non-Citizens. 23

11/24/23, 10:44 AM sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm 24/32 ARTICLE IX INDEMNIFICATION Section 9.1. Right to Indemnification. Each person who was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is otherwise involved in any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative or any other type whatsoever (hereinafter a “proceeding”), by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director or an officer of the Corporation or, while a director or officer of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee, agent or trustee of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service with respect to an employee benefit plan (hereinafter an “indemnitee”), whether the basis of such proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity as a director, officer, employee, agent or trustee or in any other capacity while serving as a director, officer, employee, agent or trustee, shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Corporation to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than such law permitted the Corporation to provide prior to such amendment), against all expense, liability and loss (including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes or penalties and amounts paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by such indemnitee in connection therewith; except as provided in Section 9.3 below with respect to proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification or advancement of expenses or with respect to any compulsory counterclaim brought by such indemnitee, the Corporation shall indemnify any such indemnitee in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such indemnitee only if such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the Board. Section 9.2. Right to Advancement of Expenses. In addition to the right to indemnification conferred in Section 9.1 above, an indemnitee shall also have the right to be paid by the Corporation the expenses (including attorney’s fees) incurred in appearing at, participating in or defending any such proceeding in advance of its final disposition or in connection with a proceeding brought to establish or enforce a right to indemnification or advancement of expenses under this Article IX (which shall be governed by Section 9.3 below of this Article IX) (hereinafter an “advancement of expenses”); provided, however, that, if (x) the DGCL requires or (y) in the case of an advance made in a proceeding brought to establish or enforce a right to indemnification or advancement, an advancement of expenses incurred by an indemnitee in his or her capacity as a director or officer (and not in any other capacity in which service was or is rendered by such indemnitee, including, without limitation, service to an employee benefit plan) shall be made solely upon delivery to the Corporation of an undertaking (hereinafter an “undertaking”), by or on behalf of such indemnitee, to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined after final judicial decision from which there is no further right to appeal (hereinafter a “final adjudication”) that such indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification under this Article IX or otherwise. Section 9.3. Right of Indemnitee to Bring Suit. If a claim under Section 9.1 or 9.2 above is not paid in full by the Corporation within (i) 60 days after a written claim for indemnification has been received by the Corporation or (ii) 20 days after a claim for an advancement of expenses has been received by the Corporation, the indemnitee may at any time thereafter bring suit against the Corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim or to obtain advancement of expenses, as applicable. To the fullest extent permitted by law, if the indemnitee is successful in whole or in part in any such suit, or in a suit brought by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the indemnitee shall be entitled to be paid also the expense of prosecuting or defending such suit. In (i) any suit brought by the indemnitee to enforce a right to indemnification hereunder (but not in a suit brought by the indemnitee to enforce a right to an advancement of expenses) it shall be a defense of the Corporation that, and (ii) any suit brought by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the Corporation shall be entitled to recover such expenses upon a final adjudication that, the indemnitee has not met any applicable standard for indemnification set forth in the DGCL. Neither the failure of the Corporation (including by its directors who are not parties to such action, a committee of such directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such suit that indemnification of the indemnitee is proper in the circumstances because the indemnitee has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the DGCL, nor an actual determination by the Corporation (including by its directors who are not parties to such action, a committee of such directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) that the indemnitee has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall create a presumption that the indemnitee has not met the applicable standard of conduct or, in the case of such a suit brought by the indemnitee, be a defense to such suit. In any suit brought by the indemnitee to enforce a right to indemnification or to an advancement of expenses hereunder, or brought by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the burden of proving that the indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified, or to such advancement of expenses, under this Article IX or otherwise shall be on the Corporation. 24

11/24/23, 10:44 AM sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm 25/32 Section 9.4. Non-Exclusivity of Rights. (a) The provision of indemnification to or the advancement of expenses and costs to any indemnitee under this Article IX, or the entitlement of any indemnitee to indemnification or advancement of expenses and costs under this Article IX, shall not limit or restrict in any way the power of the Corporation to indemnify or advance expenses and costs to such indemnitee in any other way permitted by law or be deemed exclusive of, or invalidate, any right to which any indemnitee seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses and costs may be entitled under any law, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in such indemnitee’s capacity as an officer, director, employee or agent of the Corporation and as to action in any other capacity. (b) Given that certain jointly indemnifiable claims (as defined below) may arise due to the service of the indemnitee as a director and/or officer of the Corporation or as a director, officer, employee, agent or trustee of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise at the request of the indemnitee-related entities (as defined below), the Corporation shall be fully and primarily responsible for the payment to the indemnitee in respect of indemnification or advancement of expenses in connection with any such jointly indemnifiable claims, pursuant to and in accordance with the terms of this Article IX, irrespective of any right of recovery the indemnitee may have from the indemnitee-related entities. Under no circumstance shall the Corporation be entitled to any right of subrogation against or contribution by the indemnitee-related entities and no right of advancement, indemnification or recovery the indemnitee may have from the indemnitee-related entities shall reduce or otherwise alter the rights of the indemnitee or the obligations of the Corporation under this Article IX. In the event that any of the indemnitee-related entities shall make any payment to the indemnitee in respect of indemnification or advancement of expenses with respect to any jointly indemnifiable claim, the indemnitee- related entity making such payment shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights of recovery of the indemnitee against the Corporation, and the indemnitee shall execute all papers reasonably required and shall do all things that may be reasonably necessary to secure such rights, including the execution of such documents as may be necessary to enable the indemnitee-related entities effectively to bring suit to enforce such rights. Each of the indemnitee-related entities shall be third-party beneficiaries with respect to this Section 9.4(b), entitled to enforce this Section 9.4(b). 25

11/24/23, 10:44 AM sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm 26/32 Section 9.5. Certain Definitions. For purposes of Section 9.4(b) above, the following terms shall have the following meanings: (a) The term “indemnitee-related entities” means any corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise (other than the Corporation or any other corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise for which the indemnitee has agreed, on behalf of the Corporation or at the Corporation’s request, to serve as a director, officer, employee or agent and which service is covered by the indemnity described herein) from whom an indemnitee may be entitled to indemnification or advancement of expenses with respect to which, in whole or in part, the Corporation may also have an indemnification or advancement obligation. (b) The term “jointly indemnifiable claims” shall be broadly construed and shall include, without limitation, any action, suit or proceeding for which the indemnitee shall be entitled to indemnification or advancement of expenses from both the indemnitee-related entities and the Corporation pursuant to applicable law, any agreement, certificate of incorporation, Bylaws, partnership agreement, operating agreement, certificate of formation, certificate of limited partnership or comparable organizational documents of the Corporation or the indemnitee-related entities, as applicable. Section 9.6. Contract Rights. The rights conferred upon indemnitees in this Article IX shall be contract rights and such rights shall continue as to an indemnitee who has ceased to be a director or officer and shall inure to the benefit of the indemnitee’s heirs, executors and administrators. Any amendment, alteration or repeal of this Article IX that adversely affects any right of an indemnitee or its successors shall be prospective only and shall not limit, eliminate, or impair any such right with respect to any proceeding involving any occurrence or alleged occurrence of any action or omission to act that took place prior to such amendment or repeal. Section 9.7. Insurance. The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect itself and any director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any expense, liability or loss, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such expense, liability or loss under the DGCL. 26

11/24/23, 10:44 AM sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm 27/32 Section 9.8. Indemnification of Other Persons. The Corporation may, to the extent authorized from time to time by the Board, grant rights to indemnification and to the advancement of expenses to any employee or agent of the Corporation to the fullest extent of the provisions of this Article IX with respect to the indemnification and advancement of expenses of directors and officers of the Corporation. Section 9.9. Amendments. Any repeal or amendment of this Article IX by the Board or the stockholders of the Corporation or by changes in applicable law, or the adoption of any other provision of these Bylaws inconsistent with this Article IX, will, to the extent permitted by applicable law, be prospective only (except to the extent such amendment or change in applicable law permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights to Indemnitees on a retroactive basis than permitted prior thereto), and will not in any way diminish or adversely affect any right or protection existing hereunder in respect of any act or omission occurring prior to such repeal or amendment or adoption of such inconsistent provision. Any amendment or repeal of this Article IX by stockholders shall require the affirmative vote of the stockholders holding at least two-thirds (2/3) of the voting power of all outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation. Section 9.10. Severability. If any provision or provisions of this Article IX shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable for any reason whatsoever: (a) the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Article IX shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby; and (b) to the fullest extent possible, the provisions of this Article IX (including, without limitation, each such portion of this Article IX containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall be construed so as to give effect to the intent manifested by the provision held invalid, illegal or unenforceable. ARTICLE X MISCELLANEOUS Section 10.1. Place of Meetings. If the place of any meeting of stockholders, the Board or committee of the Board for which notice is required under these Bylaws is not designated in the notice of such meeting, such meeting shall be held at the principal business office of the Corporation; provided, however, if the Board has, in its sole discretion, determined that a meeting shall not be held at any place, but instead shall be held by means of remote communication pursuant to Section 10.5 hereof, then such meeting shall not be held at any place. Section 10.2. Fixing Record Dates. (a) In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the Board may fix a record date, which shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board, and which record date shall not be more than 60 nor less than 10 days before the date of such meeting. If the Board so fixes a date, such date shall also be the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting unless the Board determines, at the time it fixes such record date, that a later date on or before the date of the meeting shall be the date for making such determination. If no record date is fixed by the Board, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the business day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the business day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting, and in such case shall also fix as the record date for stockholders entitled to notice of such adjourned meeting the same or an earlier date as that fixed for determination of stockholders entitled to vote in accordance with the foregoing provisions of this Section 10.2(a) at the adjourned meeting. 27

11/24/23, 10:44 AM sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm 28/32 (b) In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights or the stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall be not more than 60 days prior to such action. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board adopts the resolution relating thereto. Section 10.3. Means of Giving Notice. (a) Notice to Directors. Whenever under applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws notice is required to be given to any director, such notice shall be given either (i) in writing and sent by mail, or by a nationally recognized delivery service, (ii) by means of electronic mail, facsimile telecommunication or other form of electronic transmission, or (iii) by oral notice given personally or by telephone. A notice to a director will be deemed given as follows: (i) if given by hand delivery, orally, or by telephone, when actually received by the director, (ii) if sent through the United States mail, when deposited in the United States mail, with postage and fees thereon prepaid, addressed to the director at the director’s address appearing on the records of the Corporation, (iii) if sent for next day delivery by a nationally recognized overnight delivery service, when deposited with such service, with fees thereon prepaid, addressed to the director at the director’s address appearing on the records of the Corporation, (iv) if sent by facsimile telecommunication, when sent to the facsimile transmission number for such director appearing on the records of the Corporation, (v) if sent by electronic mail, when sent to the electronic mail address for such director appearing on the records of the Corporation, or (vi) if sent by any other form of electronic transmission, when sent to the address, location or number (as applicable) for such director appearing on the records of the Corporation. (b) Notice to Stockholders. Whenever under applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws notice is required to be given to any stockholder, such notice may be given (i) in writing and sent either by hand delivery, through the United States mail, or by a nationally recognized overnight delivery service for next day delivery, or (ii) by means of a form of electronic transmission consented to by the stockholder, to the extent permitted by, and subject to the conditions set forth in Section 232 of the DGCL. A notice to a stockholder shall be deemed given as follows: (i) if given by hand delivery, when actually received by the stockholder, (ii) if sent through the United States mail, when deposited in the United States mail, with postage and fees thereon prepaid, addressed to the stockholder at the stockholder’s address appearing on the stock ledger of the Corporation, (iii) if sent for next day delivery by a nationally recognized overnight delivery service, when deposited with such service, with fees thereon prepaid, addressed to the stockholder at the stockholder’s address appearing on the stock ledger of the Corporation, and (iv) if given by a form of electronic transmission consented to by the stockholder to whom the notice is given and otherwise meeting the requirements set forth above, (A) if by facsimile transmission, when directed to a number at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice, (B) if by electronic mail, when directed to an electronic mail address at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice, (C) if by a posting on an electronic network together with separate notice to the stockholder of such specified posting, upon the later of (1) such posting and (2) the giving of such separate notice, and (D) if by any other form of electronic transmission, when directed to the stockholder. A stockholder may revoke such stockholder’s consent to receiving notice by means of electronic communication by giving written notice of such revocation to the Corporation. Any such consent shall be deemed revoked if (1) the Corporation is unable to deliver by electronic transmission two consecutive notices given by the Corporation in accordance with such consent and (2) such inability becomes known to the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or to the Corporation’s transfer agent, or other person responsible for the giving of notice; provided, however, the inadvertent failure to treat such inability as a revocation shall not invalidate any meeting or other action. 28

11/24/23, 10:44 AM sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm 29/32 (c) Electronic Transmission. “Electronic transmission” means any form of communication, not directly involving the physical transmission of paper, that creates a record that may be retained, retrieved and reviewed by a recipient thereof, and that may be directly reproduced in paper form by such a recipient through an automated process, including but not limited to transmission by telex, facsimile telecommunication, electronic mail, telegram and cablegram. (d) Notice to Stockholders Sharing Same Address. Without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given effectively by the Corporation to stockholders, any notice to stockholders given by the Corporation under any provision of the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws shall be effective if given by a single written notice to stockholders who share an address if consented to by the stockholders at that address to whom such notice is given. A stockholder may revoke such stockholder’s consent by delivering written notice of such revocation to the Corporation. Any stockholder who fails to object in writing to the Corporation within 60 days of having been given written notice by the Corporation of its intention to send such a single written notice shall be deemed to have consented to receiving such single written notice. (e) Exceptions to Notice Requirements. Whenever notice is required to be given, under the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, to any person with whom communication is unlawful, the giving of such notice to such person shall not be required and there shall be no duty to apply to any governmental authority or agency for a license or permit to give such notice to such person. Any action or meeting that shall be taken or held without notice to any such person with whom communication is unlawful shall have the same force and effect as if such notice had been duly given. In the event that the action taken by the Corporation is such as to require the filing of a certificate with the Secretary of State of Delaware, the certificate shall state, if such is the fact and if notice is required, that notice was given to all persons entitled to receive notice except such persons with whom communication is unlawful. 29

11/24/23, 10:44 AM sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm 30/32 Whenever notice is required to be given by the Corporation, under any provision of the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, to any stockholder to whom (1) notice of two consecutive annual meetings of stockholders and all notices of stockholder meetings or of the taking of action by written consent of stockholders without a meeting to such stockholder during the period between such two consecutive annual meetings, or (2) all, and at least two payments (if sent by first-class mail) of dividends or interest on securities during a 12-month period, have been mailed addressed to such stockholder at such stockholder’s address as shown on the records of the Corporation and have been returned undeliverable, the giving of such notice to such stockholder shall not be required. Any action or meeting that shall be taken or held without notice to such stockholder shall have the same force and effect as if such notice had been duly given. If any such stockholder shall deliver to the Corporation a written notice setting forth such stockholder’s then current address, the requirement that notice be given to such stockholder shall be reinstated. In the event that the action taken by the Corporation is such as to require the filing of a certificate with the Secretary of State of Delaware, the certificate need not state that notice was not given to persons to whom notice was not required to be given pursuant to Section 230(b) of the DGCL. The exception in subsection (1) of the first sentence of this paragraph to the requirement that notice be given shall not be applicable to any notice returned as undeliverable if the notice was given by electronic transmission. Section 10.4. Waiver of Notice. Whenever any notice is required to be given under applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these Bylaws, a written waiver of such notice, signed by the person or persons entitled to said notice, or a waiver by electronic transmission by the person entitled to said notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to such required notice. All such waivers shall be kept with the books of the Corporation. Attendance at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except where a person attends for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting was not lawfully called or convened. Section 10.5. Meeting Attendance via Remote Communication Equipment. (a) Stockholder Meetings. If authorized by the Board in its sole discretion, and subject to such guidelines and procedures as the Board may adopt, stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting and proxy holders not physically present at a meeting of stockholders may, by means of remote communication: (i) participate in a meeting of stockholders; and (ii) be deemed present in person and vote at a meeting of stockholders, whether such meeting is to be held at a designated place or solely by means of remote communication, provided that (A) the Corporation shall implement reasonable measures to verify that each person deemed present and permitted to vote at the meeting by means of remote communication is a stockholder or proxy holder, (B) the Corporation shall implement reasonable measures to provide such stockholders and proxy holders a reasonable opportunity to participate in the meeting and, if entitled to vote, to vote on matters submitted to the applicable stockholders, including an opportunity to read or hear the proceedings of the meeting substantially concurrently with such proceedings, and (C) if any stockholder or proxy holder votes or takes other action at the meeting by means of remote communication, a record of such votes or other action shall be maintained by the Corporation. 30

11/24/23, 10:44 AM sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm 31/32 (b) Board Meetings. Unless otherwise restricted by applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, members of the Board or any committee thereof may participate in a meeting of the Board or any committee thereof by means of conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other. Such participation in a meeting shall constitute presence in person at the meeting, except where a person participates in the meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting was not lawfully called or convened. Section 10.6. Dividends. The Board may from time to time declare, and the Corporation may pay, dividends (payable in cash, property or shares of the Corporation’s capital stock) on the Corporation’s outstanding shares of capital stock, subject to applicable law and the Certificate of Incorporation. Section 10.7. Reserves. The Board may set apart out of the funds of the Corporation available for dividends a reserve or reserves for any proper purpose and may abolish any such reserve. Section 10.8. Contracts and Other Documents. The Chief Executive Officer, President, the Chief Financial Officer and the Secretary, or such other officer or officers as may from time to time be authorized by the Board of Directors or any other committee given specific authority in the premises by the Board of Directors during the intervals between the meetings of the Board of Directors, shall have power to sign and execute on behalf of the Corporation deeds, conveyances and contracts, and any and all other documents requiring execution by the Corporation. Section 10.9. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be fixed by the Board. Section 10.10. Seal. The Board may adopt a corporate seal, which shall be in such form as the Board determines. The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed, affixed or otherwise reproduced. Section 10.11. Books and Records. The books and records of the Corporation may be kept within or outside the State of Delaware at such place or places as may from time to time be designated by the Board. Section 10.12. Resignation. Any director, committee member or officer may resign by giving notice thereof in writing or by electronic transmission to the Chairperson of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Secretary. The resignation shall take effect at the time it is delivered unless the resignation specifies a later effective date or an effective date determined upon the happening of an event or events. Unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. Section 10.13. Securities of Other Corporations. Powers of attorney, proxies, waivers of notice of meeting, consents in writing and other instruments relating to securities owned by the Corporation may be executed in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation by the Chairperson of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, President, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Legal Officer or any officers authorized by the Board. Any such officer, may, in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation, take all such action as any such officer may deem advisable to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of security holders of any corporation in which the Corporation may own securities, or to consent in writing, in the name of the Corporation as such holder, to any action by such corporation, and at any such meeting or with respect to any such consent shall possess and may exercise any and all rights and power incident to the ownership of such securities and which, as the owner thereof, the Corporation might have exercised and possessed. The Board may from time to time confer like powers upon any other person or persons. 31

11/24/23, 10:44 AM sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1853070/000114036123040513/ny20009935x1_ex3-5.htm 32/32 Section 10.14. Amendments. The Board shall have the power to adopt, amend, alter or repeal the Bylaws. The Bylaws also may be adopted, amended, altered or repealed by the stockholders; provided, however, that in addition to any vote of the holders of any class or series of capital stock of the Corporation required by applicable law or the Certificate of Incorporation, the affirmative vote of the stockholders holding at least two-thirds (2/3) of the voting power of all outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation shall be required for the stockholders to adopt, amend, alter or repeal the Bylaws. 32

1 SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS OF VOLATO GROUP, INC. (THE “CORPORATION”) ARTICLE I OFFICES Section 1.1. Registered Office. The registered office of the Corporation within the State of Delaware shall be as set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation (as defined below). Section 1.2. Additional Offices. The Corporation may, in addition to its registered office in the State of Delaware, have such other offices and places of business, both within and outside the State of Delaware, as the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the “Board”) may from time to time determine or as the business and affairs of the Corporation may require. ARTICLE II STOCKHOLDERS MEETINGS Section 2.1. Annual Meetings. The annual meeting of stockholders shall be held at such place, either within or without the State of Delaware, and time and on such date as shall be determined by the Board and stated in the notice of the meeting, provided that the Board may in its sole discretion determine that the meeting shall not be held at any place, but may instead be held solely by means of remote communication pursuant to Section 10.5(a) hereof and in accordance with the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as amended from time to time (the “DGCL”). At each annual meeting, the stockholders entitled to vote on such matters shall elect directors of the Corporation to fill any term of a directorship that expires on the date of such annual meeting and may transact any other business as may properly be brought before the meeting. Section 2.2. Special Meetings. Special meetings of stockholders shall be held at such place, either within or without the State of Delaware, and at such time and on such date as shall be determined by the Board and stated in the Corporation’s notice of the meeting, provided that the Board may in its sole discretion determine that the meeting shall not be held at any place, but may instead be held solely by means of remote communication pursuant to Section 10.5(a) hereof. The Board may postpone, reschedule or cancel any special meeting of stockholders previously scheduled by the Board or the Chairperson of the Board. Section 2.3. Notices. Written notice of each stockholders meeting stating the place, if any, date, and time of the meeting, and the means of remote communication, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting and the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, if such date is different from the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting, shall be given in the manner permitted by Section 10.3 hereof to each stockholder entitled to vote thereat as of the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting, by the Corporation not less than 10 nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting unless otherwise required by

2 the DGCL. If said notice is for a stockholders meeting other than an annual meeting, it shall in addition state the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called, and the business transacted at such meeting shall be limited to the matters so stated in the Corporation’s notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto). Any meeting of stockholders as to which notice has been given may be postponed, and any meeting of stockholders as to which notice has been given may be cancelled, by the Board upon public announcement (as defined in Section 2.7(c) hereof) given before the date previously scheduled for such meeting. Section 2.4. Quorum. Except as otherwise provided by applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, as the same may be amended or restated from time to time (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), or these Second Amended and Restated Bylaws, as the same may be amended from time to time (these “Bylaws”), the presence, in person or by proxy, at a stockholders meeting of the holders of shares of outstanding capital stock of the Corporation representing a majority of the voting power of all outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at such meeting, except that when specified business is to be voted on by a class or series of stock voting as a class, the holders of shares representing a majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares of such class or series shall constitute a quorum of such class or series for the transaction of such business. If a quorum shall not be present or represented by proxy at any meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation, the chairperson of the meeting may adjourn the meeting from time to time in the manner provided in Section 2.6 hereof until a quorum shall attend. The stockholders present at a duly convened meeting may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough stockholders to leave less than a quorum. Shares of its own stock belonging to the Corporation or to another corporation, if a majority of the voting power of the shares entitled to vote in the election of directors of such other corporation is held, directly or indirectly, by the Corporation, shall neither be entitled to vote nor be counted for quorum purposes; provided, however, that the foregoing shall not limit the right of the Corporation or any such other corporation to vote shares held by it in a fiduciary capacity. Section 2.5. Voting of Shares. (a) Voting Lists. The Secretary of the Corporation (the “Secretary”) shall prepare, or shall cause the officer or agent who has charge of the stock ledger of the Corporation to prepare and make, at least 10 days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders of record entitled to vote at such meeting; provided, however, that if the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote is less than 10 days before the meeting date, the list shall reflect the stockholders entitled to vote as of the tenth day before the meeting date, arranged in alphabetical order and showing the address and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Nothing contained in this Section 2.5(a) shall require the Corporation to include electronic mail addresses or other electronic contact information on such list. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours for a period of at least 10 days prior to the meeting: (i) on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of the meeting, or (ii) during ordinary business hours, at the principal place of business of the Corporation. In the event that the Corporation determines to make the list available on an electronic network, the Corporation may take reasonable steps to ensure that such information is

3 available only to stockholders of the Corporation. The stock ledger shall be the only evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine the list required by this Section 2.5(a) or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of stockholders. (b) Manner of Voting. At any stockholders meeting, every stockholder entitled to vote may vote in person or by proxy. If authorized by the Board, the voting by stockholders or proxy holders at any meeting conducted by remote communication may be effected by a ballot submitted by electronic transmission (as defined in Section 10.3), provided that any such electronic transmission must either set forth or be submitted with information from which the Corporation can determine that the electronic transmission was authorized by the stockholder or proxy holder. The Board, in its discretion, or the chairperson of the meeting of stockholders, in such person’s discretion, may require that any votes cast at such meeting shall be cast by written ballot. (c) Proxies. Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders or to express consent or dissent to corporate action without a meeting may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder by proxy, but no such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three (3) years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. Proxies need not be filed with the Secretary until the meeting is called to order but shall be filed with the Secretary before being voted. Without limiting the manner in which a stockholder may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder as proxy, either of the following shall constitute a valid means by which a stockholder may grant such authority. Any stockholder directly or indirectly soliciting proxies from other stockholders must use a proxy card color other than white, which shall be reserved for the exclusive use by the Board of Directors. (i) A stockholder or such stockholder’s authorized officer, director, employee or agent may execute a document authorizing another person or persons to act for such stockholder as proxy. (ii) A stockholder may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder as proxy by transmitting or authorizing the transmission of an electronic transmission to the person who will be the holder of the proxy or to a proxy solicitation firm, proxy support service organization or like agent duly authorized by the person who will be the holder of the proxy to receive such transmission, provided that any such electronic transmission must either set forth or be submitted with information from which it can be determined that the electronic transmission was authorized by the stockholder. Any copy, facsimile telecommunication or other reliable reproduction of the document (including an electronic transmission) created pursuant to this Section 2.5 may be substituted or used in lieu of the original document for any and all purposes for which the original document could be used; provided that such copy, facsimile telecommunication or other reproduction shall be a complete reproduction of the entire original document. (d) Required Vote. Subject to the rights of the holders of one or more series of Preferred Stock, voting separately by class or series, to elect directors pursuant to the terms of one or more series of Preferred Stock, at all meetings of stockholders at which a quorum is present, the election of directors shall be determined by a plurality of the votes cast by the stockholders present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote thereon. All other matters presented to

4 the stockholders at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be determined by the vote of a majority of the votes cast by the stockholders present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote thereon, unless the matter is one upon which, by applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws or applicable stock exchange rules, a different vote is required, in which case such provision shall govern and control the decision of such matter. (e) Inspectors of Election. The Board may, and shall if required by law, in advance of any meeting of stockholders, appoint one or more persons as inspectors of election, who may be employees of the Corporation or otherwise serve the Corporation in other capacities, to act at such meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof and to make a written report thereof. The Board may appoint one or more persons as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. If no inspectors of election or alternates are appointed by the Board, the chairperson of the meeting shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Each inspector, before discharging his or her duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of his or her ability. The inspectors shall ascertain and report the number of outstanding shares and the voting power of each; determine the number of shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and the validity of proxies and ballots; count all votes and ballots and report the results; determine and retain for a reasonable period a record of the disposition of any challenges made to any determination by the inspectors; and certify their determination of the number of shares represented at the meeting and their count of all votes and ballots. No person who is a candidate for an office at an election may serve as an inspector at such election. Each report of an inspector shall be in writing and signed by the inspector or by a majority of them if there is more than one inspector acting at such meeting. If there is more than one inspector, the report of a majority shall be the report of the inspectors. Section 2.6. Adjournments and Recesses. Any meeting of stockholders, annual or special, may be adjourned or recessed by the chairperson of the meeting, from time to time, whether or not there is a quorum, to reconvene at the same or some other place. Notice need not be given of any such adjourned meeting if the date, time, and place, if any, thereof, and the means of remote communication, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such adjourned meeting are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting the stockholders, or the holders of any class or series of stock entitled to vote separately as a class, as the case may be, may transact any business that might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than 30 days, notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting. If, after the adjournment, a new record date for stockholders entitled to vote is fixed for the adjourned meeting, the Board shall fix a new record date for notice of such adjourned meeting in accordance with Section 10.2, and shall give notice of the adjourned meeting to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such adjourned meeting as of the record date fixed for notice of such adjourned meeting. Section 2.7. Advance Notice for Business. (a) Annual Meetings of Stockholders. No business may be transacted at an annual meeting of stockholders, other than business that is either (i) specified in the Corporation’s notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board, (ii) otherwise properly

5 brought before the annual meeting by or at the direction of the Board or (iii) otherwise properly brought before the annual meeting by any stockholder of the Corporation (x) who is a stockholder of record entitled to vote at such annual meeting on the date of the giving of the notice provided for in this Section 2.7(a) and through the time of the annual meeting, and who is entitled to vote at such annual meeting and (y) who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 2.7(a). Notwithstanding anything in this Section 2.7(a) to the contrary, only persons nominated for election as a director to fill any term of a directorship that expires on the date of the annual meeting pursuant to Section 3.4 will be considered for election at such meeting. (i) In addition to any other applicable requirements, for business (other than nominations) to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, such stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in proper written form to the Secretary and such business must otherwise be a proper matter for stockholder action. Subject to Section 2.7(a)(iii), a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary with respect to such business, to be timely, must be received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the 90th day nor earlier than the close of business on the 120th day before the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders (which, in the case of the first annual meeting of stockholders following the adoption of these Bylaws, the date of the preceding year’s annual meeting shall be deemed to be June 1, 2023) (the “First Annual Meeting”); provided, however, that in the event that the annual meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 60 days after such anniversary date (other than in connection with the First Annual Meeting), notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so delivered not earlier than the close of business on the 120th day before the meeting and not later than the later of (x) the close of business on the 90th day before the meeting or (y) the close of business on the 10th day following the day on which public announcement of the date of the annual meeting is first made by the Corporation. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment, recess, rescheduling or postponement of an annual meeting commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described in this Section 2.7(a). (ii) To be in proper written form, a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary with respect to any business (other than nominations) must set forth as to each such matter such stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting (A) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting, the text of the proposal or business (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration and in the event such business includes a proposal to amend these Bylaws, the language of the proposed amendment) and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, (B) the name and record address of such stockholder and the name and address of the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made, (C) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation that are owned beneficially and of record by such stockholder and by the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made, (D) a description of all agreements, arrangements or understandings (including any contract to purchase or sell, acquisition or grant of any option, right or warrant to purchase or sell swap or other instrument) with respect to the proposal and/or the voting of shares of any class or series of stock of the Corporation between or among the stockholder giving the notice, the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made, any of their respective

6 affiliates or associates and/or any other person, including pertaining to the business proposed to be brought before the meeting of stockholders (which description shall identify the name of each other person who is party to such an agreement, arrangement or understanding), (E) any material interest of such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made in such business and (F) a representation that such stockholder intends to appear in person or by proxy at the annual meeting to bring such business before the meeting. (iii) The foregoing notice requirements of this Section 2.7(a) shall be deemed satisfied by a stockholder as to any proposal (other than nominations) if the stockholder has notified the Corporation of such stockholder’s intention to present such proposal at an annual meeting in compliance with Rule 14a-8 (or any successor thereof) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and such stockholder has complied with the requirements of such Rule for inclusion of such proposal in a proxy statement prepared by the Corporation to solicit proxies for such annual meeting. No business shall be conducted at the annual meeting of stockholders except business brought before the annual meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 2.7(a); provided, however, that once business has been properly brought before the annual meeting in accordance with such procedures, nothing in this Section 2.7(a) shall be deemed to preclude discussion by any stockholder of any such business. If the Board or the chairperson of the annual meeting determines that any stockholder proposal was not made in accordance with the provisions of this Section 2.7(a) or that the information provided in a stockholder’s notice does not satisfy the information requirements of this Section 2.7(a), such proposal shall not be presented for action at the annual meeting. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.7(a), if the stockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear at the annual meeting of stockholders of the Corporation to present the proposed business, such proposed business shall not be transacted, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such matter may have been received by the Corporation. (iv) In addition to the provisions of this Section 2.7(a), a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth herein. Nothing in this Section 2.7(a) shall be deemed to affect any rights of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the Corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act. (v) The stockholder providing notice shall further update and supplement its notice of any business proposed to be brought before a meeting, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to this Section 2.7(a) shall be true and correct (A) as of the record date for the meeting and (B) as of the date that is ten business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment, recess, rescheduling or postponement thereof, it being understood that providing any such notification shall not be deemed to cure any defect or limit the Corporation’s right to determine that such stockholder proposal was not made in accordance with this Section 2.7(a) or that the information provided in the initial stockholder’s notice does not satisfy the information requirements of this Section 2.7(a). Such update and supplement shall be delivered to the

7 Secretary not later than three (3) business days after the later of the record date or the date notice of the record date is first publicly announced (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of the record date for the meeting) and not later than seven (7) business days prior to the date for the meeting, if practicable (or, if not practicable, on the first practicable date prior to the meeting), or any adjournment, recess, rescheduling or postponement thereof (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment, recess, rescheduling or postponement thereof). (b) Special Meetings of Stockholders. Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting. Nominations of persons for election to the Board may be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting only pursuant to Section 3.4. (c) Public Announcement. For purposes of these Bylaws, “public announcement” shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press or comparable national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Sections 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (or any successor thereto). Section 2.8. Conduct of Meetings. The chairperson of each annual and special meeting of stockholders shall be the Chairperson of the Board or, in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Chairperson of the Board, the Lead Independent Director or, in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Lead Independent Director, the Chief Executive Officer (if he or she shall be a director) or, in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Chief Executive Officer or if the Chief Executive Officer is not a director, the President (if he or she shall be a director) or, in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the President or if the President is not a director, such other person as shall be appointed by the Board. The date and time of the opening and the closing of the polls for each matter upon which the stockholders will vote at a meeting shall be announced at the meeting by the chairperson of the meeting. The Board may adopt such rules and regulations for the conduct of the meeting of stockholders as it shall deem appropriate. Except to the extent inconsistent with these Bylaws or such rules and regulations as adopted by the Board, the chairperson of any meeting of stockholders shall have the right and authority to convene and (for any or no reason) to adjourn or recess the meeting, to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such chairperson, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting. Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the Board or prescribed by the chairperson of the meeting, may include, without limitation, the following: (a) the establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting; (b) rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present; (c) limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting to stockholders of record of the Corporation, their duly authorized and constituted proxies or such other persons as the chairperson of the meeting shall determine; (d) restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; and (e) limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants. Unless and to the extent determined by the Board or the chairperson of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary

8 procedure. The secretary of each annual and special meeting of stockholders shall be the Secretary or, in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Secretary, an Assistant Secretary so appointed to act by the chairperson of the meeting. In the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Secretary and all Assistant Secretaries, the chairperson of the meeting may appoint any person to act as secretary of the meeting. ARTICLE III DIRECTORS Section 3.1. Powers; Number; Citizenship. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board, which may exercise all such powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these Bylaws required to be exercised or done by the stockholders. Directors need not be stockholders or residents of the State of Delaware. At least two-thirds (2/3) of the members of Board then in office shall be comprised of individuals who meet the definition of “a citizen of the United States,” as defined in Title 49, United States Code, Section 40102 and administrative interpretations thereof issued by the Department of Transportation or its predecessor or successors, or as the same may be from time to time amended (each a “U.S. Citizen”); provided, however, that if the Board has one member or two members then in office, such members shall be U.S. Citizens. Subject to the Certificate of Incorporation, the number of directors shall be fixed exclusively by resolution of the Board. Section 3.2. Election, Qualification and Term of Office. Except as provided otherwise in these Bylaws or the Certificate of Incorporation, each director, including a director elected to fill a vacancy or newly created directorship, shall hold office until the expiration of the term of the class, if any, for which elected and until such director’s successor is elected and qualified or until such director’s earlier death, resignation, disqualification or removal in accordance with the Certificate of Incorporation. Directors need not be stockholders. The Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws may prescribe qualifications for directors. Section 3.3. Resignation and Vacancies. (a) Any director may resign at any time upon notice given in writing or by electronic transmission to the Corporation. The resignation shall take effect at the time specified therein or upon the happening of an event specified therein, and if no time or event is specified, at the time of its receipt. When one or more directors so resigns and the resignation is effective at a future date or upon the happening of an event to occur on a future date, a majority of the directors then in office, including those who have so resigned, shall have power to fill such vacancy or vacancies, the vote thereon to take effect when such resignation or resignations shall become effective, and each director so chosen shall hold office as provided in Section 3.2. (b) Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, newly created directorships resulting from an increase in the number of directors and any vacancies on the Board resulting from death, resignation, retirement, disqualification, removal or any other cause may be filled solely and exclusively by a majority vote of the remaining directors then in office, even if less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director (and not by stockholders), and any director so

9 chosen shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors to which the new directorship was added or in which the vacancy occurred and until his or her successor has been elected and qualified, subject, however, to such director’s earlier death, resignation, retirement, disqualification or removal. Section 3.4. Advance Notice for Nomination of Directors. (a) Only persons who are nominated in accordance with the following procedures shall be eligible for election as directors of the Corporation, except as may be otherwise provided by the terms of one or more series of Preferred Stock with respect to the rights of holders of one or more series of Preferred Stock to elect directors. Nominations of persons for election to the Board at any annual meeting of stockholders, or at any special meeting of stockholders called for the purpose of electing directors as set forth in the Corporation’s notice of such special meeting, may be made (i) by or at the direction of the Board or (ii) by any stockholder of the Corporation (x) who is a stockholder of record entitled to vote in the election of directors on the date of the giving of the notice provided for in this Section 3.4 and on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting and (y) who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 3.4. The number of nominees a stockholder may nominate for election at an annual or special meeting (or in the case of a stockholder giving the notice on behalf of a beneficial owner, the number of nominees a stockholder may nominate for election at the annual meeting or special meeting on behalf of the beneficial owner) shall not exceed the number of directors to be elected at such annual or special meeting. (b) In addition to any other applicable requirements, for a nomination to be made by a stockholder, such stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in proper written form to the Secretary. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary must be received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation (i) in the case of an annual meeting, not later than the close of business on the 90th day nor earlier than the close of business on the 120th day before the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders; provided, however, that in the event that the annual meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 60 days after such anniversary date (other than in connection with the First Annual Meeting), notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so received not earlier than the close of business on the 120th day before the meeting and not later than the later of (x) the close of business on the 90th day before the meeting or (y) the close of business on the 10th day following the day on which public announcement of the date of the annual meeting was first made by the Corporation; and (ii) in the case of a special meeting of stockholders called for the purpose of electing directors, not later than the close of business on the 10th day following the day on which public announcement of the date of the special meeting is first made by the Corporation. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment, recess, rescheduling or postponement of an annual meeting or special meeting commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described in this Section 3.4. (c) Notwithstanding anything in paragraph (b) to the contrary, in the event that the number of directors to be elected to the Board at an annual meeting is greater than the number of directors whose terms expire on the date of the annual meeting due to the occurrence of vacancies or an increase in the number of authorized directorships and there is no public announcement by the

10 Corporation naming all of the nominees for the additional directors to be elected before the close of business on the 90th day prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders, a stockholder’s notice required by this Section 3.4 shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for the vacancies or additional directorships created by such increase that are to be filled by election at such annual meeting, if it shall be received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the 10th day following the date on which such public announcement was first made by the Corporation. (d) To be in proper written form, a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary must set forth (i) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election as a director (A) the name, age, business address and residence address of the person, (B) the principal occupation or employment of the person (present and for at least the past five (5) years), (C) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation, if any, that are directly or indirectly owned beneficially or of record by the person (D) any other information relating to the person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, without regard to the application of the Exchange Act to either the nomination or the Corporation, and (E) all written and signed representations and agreements and all completed and signed questionnaires required pursuant to Section 3.5 below; and (ii) as to the stockholder giving the notice (A) the name and record address of such stockholder as they appear on the Corporation’s books and the name and address of the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made, (B) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation that are directly or indirectly owned beneficially and of record by such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made, (C) a description in reasonable detail of all agreements, arrangements or understandings (including any contract to purchase or sell, acquisition or grant of any option, right or warrant to purchase or sell, swap or other instrument), written or oral and formal or informal, (x) relating to the nomination to be made by such stockholder among any of such stockholder, the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made, each proposed nominee and any other person or persons (including their names), (y) with the intent or effect of which may be to transfer to or from any such person, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of any security of the Corporation or to increase or decrease the voting power of any such person with respect to any security of the Corporation, or (z) any agreement that would be required to be disclosed by any (1)(i) stockholder providing a notice required by this Section 3.4 (other than a stockholder of record that is a broker, bank, custodian, or similar entity that is acting solely as a nominee on behalf of a beneficial owner), (ii) the beneficial owner or beneficial owners, if different, on whose behalf such notice is given, and (iii) any affiliates or associates (each within the meaning of Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act, for purposes of these Bylaws of such stockholder or beneficial owner acting in concert with any of the persons described in subclauses (1)(i) or (1)(ii) (each a “Proposing Person”) or (2) any other person or entity pursuant to Item 5 or Item 6 of a Schedule 13D that would be filed pursuant to the Exchange Act (including the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder) (regardless of whether the requirement to file a Schedule 13D is applicable to the Proposing Person or other person or entity), (D) a representation that such stockholder intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the persons named in its notice, (E) a description of any material interest related to the nomination of such stockholder,

11 such beneficial owner and/or any Proposing Person, (F) a description of any direct or indirect legal, economic or financial interest of such stockholder in the outcome of any vote to be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation or any other entity with respect to any matter that is substantially related, directly or indirectly, to any nomination or business proposed by the stockholder giving notice, (G) a certification that each person that the stockholder giving notice is nominating has complied with all applicable federal, state and other legal requirements in connection with its acquisition of shares or other securities of the Corporation and such person’s acts or omissions as a stockholder of the Corporation, (H) a representation as to the accuracy of the information set forth in the notice, (I) a representation that the stockholder giving notice is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and intends to remain a stockholder of the Corporation through the meeting, (J) a representation whether the stockholder intends or is part of a group that intends (i) to deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of issued and outstanding shares representing at least fifty percent (50%) of the voting power of the issued and outstanding shares of the Corporation that are entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, (ii) otherwise to solicit proxies or votes from stockholders in support of such director nominee, and/or (iii) otherwise to solicit proxies in support of any proposed director nominees other than the Corporation’s director nominees in accordance with Rule 14a-19 promulgated under the Exchange Act, and where such stockholder, beneficial owner and/or Proposing Person intends to so solicit proxies, the notice and information required by Rule 14a-19(b) under the Exchange Act, (K) a representation that such stockholder and/or such beneficial owner has complied, and will comply, with all applicable requirements of state law and the Exchange Act with respect to matters set forth in the notice required by this Section 3.4, and (L) a description of any other information relating to such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Such notice must be accompanied by a written consent of each proposed nominee to being named as a nominee and to serve as a director if elected. (e) If the Board or the chairperson of the meeting of stockholders determines that any nomination was not made in accordance with the provisions of this Section 3.4, or that the information provided in a stockholder’s notice does not satisfy the information requirements of this Section 3.4, then such nomination shall not be considered at the meeting in question. If a nomination is not properly brought before the annual or special meeting in accordance with these Bylaws or otherwise, the chairperson of the meeting shall declare to the meeting and any such nomination not properly brought before the meeting need not be transacted. For the avoidance of doubt, unless required by applicable law, a nomination for director by a stockholder giving notice under Section 3.4 is not properly brought before the annual or special meeting in accordance with these Bylaws if the Board or the chairperson of an annual or special meeting determines that (i) such stockholder or any such Proposing Person breaches any of its agreements, representations or warranties set forth in the notice given by such stockholder or otherwise submitted pursuant to this Section 3.4, (ii) any of the information in such stockholder notice or otherwise submitted by such stockholder or Proposing Person was not, when provided, true, correct and complete, or (iii) any such stockholder or Proposing Person otherwise fails to comply with its obligations pursuant to these Bylaws. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 3.4, if the stockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear at the meeting of stockholders of the

12 Corporation to present the nomination, such nomination shall be disregarded, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such nomination may have been received by the Corporation. (f) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in these Bylaws, unless otherwise required by applicable law, if any stockholder or Proposing Person (i) provides notice pursuant to Rule 14a- 19(b) promulgated under the Exchange Act and (ii) subsequently fails to comply with the requirements of Rule 14a-19(a)(2) or Rule 14a-19(a)(3) promulgated under the Exchange Act (or fails to timely provide documentation reasonably satisfactory to the Corporation that such stockholder has met the requirements of Rule 14a-19(a)(3) promulgated under the Exchange Act in accordance with the following sentence), then such nomination shall be disregarded and no vote on such nominee proposed by such stockholder or Proposing Person shall occur, notwithstanding that the nomination is set forth in the notice of meeting or other proxy materials and notwithstanding that proxies or votes in respect of the election of such proposed nominee may have been received by the Corporation (which proxies and votes shall be disregarded). Upon request by the Corporation, any stockholder or any Proposing Person that has provided notice pursuant to Rule 14a-19(b) promulgated under the Exchange Act shall deliver to the Corporation, no later than five (5) business days prior to the applicable meeting, documentation reasonably satisfactory to the Corporation demonstrating that it has met the requirements of Rule 14a-19(a)(3) promulgated under the Exchange Act. (g) In addition to the provisions of this Section 3.4, a stockholder shall also comply with all of the applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth herein. Nothing in this Section 3.4 shall be deemed to affect any rights of the holders of Preferred Stock to elect directors pursuant to the Certificate of Incorporation. (h) The stockholder providing notice shall further update and supplement its notice of any nomination or other business proposed to be brought before a meeting, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to this Section 3.4 shall be true and correct (A) as of the record date for the meeting and (B) as of the date that is ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment, recess, rescheduling or postponement thereof, it being understood that providing any such notification shall not be deemed to cure a defect or limit the Corporation’s right to omit a director nominee from its form of proxy as provided in this Section 3.4. Such update and supplement shall be delivered to the Secretary not later than three (3) business days after the later of the record date or the date notice of the record date is first publicly announced (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of the record date for the meeting) and not later than seven (7) business days prior to the date for the meeting, if practicable (or, if not practicable, on the first practicable date prior to the meeting), or any adjournment, recess, rescheduling or postponement thereof (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment, recess, rescheduling or postponement thereof). Section 3.5. Submission of Information by Director Nominees. (a) To be eligible to be a nominee for election or re-election as a director of the Corporation, a person to be nominated must deliver to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the

13 Corporation the following information: (i) a written representation and agreement, which shall be signed by such person and pursuant to which such person shall represent and agree that such person: (A) consents to serving as a director if elected and to being named in the Corporation’s form of proxy and proxy statement as a director nominee, and currently intends to serve as a director for the full term for which such person is standing for election; (B) is not and shall not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity: (1) as to how the person, if elected as a director, shall act or vote on any issue or question that has not been disclosed to the Corporation, or (2) that could limit or interfere with the person’s ability to comply, if elected as a director, with such person’s fiduciary duties under applicable law; (C) is not and shall not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the Corporation with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification in connection with service or action as a director or nominee that has not been disclosed to the Corporation; and (D) if elected as a director, shall comply with all of the Corporation’s corporate governance, conflict of interest, confidentiality, and stock ownership and trading policies and guidelines, and any other Corporation policies and guidelines applicable to directors (which shall be provided to such person promptly following a request therefor); and (ii) all completed and signed questionnaires required of the Corporation’s nominees (which shall be provided to such person promptly following a request therefor); provided, however, that the Board of Directors may require any proposed nominee to submit to interviews with the Board of Directors or any committee thereof, and such proposed nominee shall make themselves available for any such interviews within no less than ten (10) business days following the date of such request. (b) A nominee for election or re-election as a director of the Corporation shall also provide to the Corporation such additional information as the Corporation may reasonably request. The Corporation may request such additional information as necessary to permit the Board to determine the eligibility of such person to serve as a director of the Corporation, including information relevant to a determination whether such person can be considered an independent director. (c) All written and signed representations and agreements and all completed and signed questionnaires required pursuant to Section 3.5(a), and the additional information described in Section 3.5(b), shall be considered timely for a nominee for election or re-election as a director of the Corporation under Section 3.4 above if provided to the Corporation by the deadlines specified in Section 3.4. All information provided pursuant to this Section 3.5 by a nominee for election or re-election as a director of the Corporation under Section 3.4 above shall be deemed part of the stockholder’s notice submitted pursuant to Section 3.4. Section 3.6. Compensation. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the Board shall have the authority to fix the compensation of directors, including for service on a committee of the Board, and may be paid either a fixed sum for attendance at each meeting of the Board or other compensation as director. The directors may be reimbursed their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the Board. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor. Members of committees of the Board may be allowed like compensation and reimbursement of expenses for service on the committee.

14 Section 3.7. Chairperson of the Board. The Board shall annually elect one of its members to be its chairperson (the “Chairperson of the Board”) and shall fill any vacancy in the position of Chairperson of the Board at such time and in such manner as the Board shall determine. Except as otherwise provided in these Bylaws, the Chairperson of the Board shall preside at all meetings of the Board and of stockholders. The Chairperson of the Board shall perform such other duties and services as shall be assigned to or required of the Chairperson of the Board by the Board. Section 3.8. Lead Independent Director. The Board may, in its discretion, elect a lead independent director from among its members that are Independent Directors (as defined below) (such director, the “Lead Independent Director”). The Lead Independent Director shall preside at all meetings at which the Chairperson of the Board is not present and shall exercise such other powers and duties as may from time to time be assigned to such person by the Board or as prescribed by these Bylaws. For purposes of these Bylaws, “Independent Director” has the meaning ascribed to such term under the rules of the exchange upon which the Corporation’s Class A Common Stock is primarily traded. ARTICLE IV BOARD MEETINGS Section 4.1. Annual Meetings. The Board shall meet as soon as practicable after the adjournment of each annual stockholders meeting at the place of the annual stockholders meeting unless the Board shall fix another time and place and give notice thereof in the manner required herein for special meetings of the Board. No notice to the directors shall be necessary to legally convene this meeting, except as provided in this Section 4.1. Section 4.2. Regular Meetings. Regularly scheduled, periodic meetings of the Board may be held without notice at such times, dates and places (within or without the State of Delaware) as shall from time to time be determined by the Board. Section 4.3. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board (a) may be called by the Chairperson of the Board, the Lead Independent Director or President and (b) shall be called by the Chairperson of the Board, the Lead Independent Director, President or Secretary on the written request of at least a majority of directors then in office, or the sole director, as the case may be, and shall be held at such time, date and place (within or without the State of Delaware) as may be determined by the person calling the meeting or, if called upon the request of directors or the sole director, as specified in such written request. Notice of each special meeting of the Board shall be given, as provided in Section 10.3, to each director (i) at least 24 hours before the meeting if such notice is oral notice given personally or by telephone or written notice given by hand delivery or by means of a form of electronic transmission and delivery; (ii) at least two (2) days before the meeting if such notice is sent by a nationally recognized overnight delivery service; and (iii) at least five (5) days before the meeting if such notice is sent through the United States mail. If the Secretary shall fail or refuse to give such notice, then the notice may be given by the officer who called the meeting or the directors who requested the meeting. Any and all business that may be transacted at a regular meeting of the Board may be transacted at a special meeting. Except as may be otherwise expressly provided by applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these

15 Bylaws, neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any special meeting need be specified in the notice or waiver of notice of such meeting. A special meeting may be held at any time without notice if all the directors are present or if those not present waive notice of the meeting in accordance with Section 10.4. Section 4.4. Quorum; Adjournment. A majority of the directors present, whether or not constituting a quorum, may adjourn any meeting of the Board to another time and place. Notice of the time and place of holding of an adjourned meeting of the Board need not be given if announced at the meeting from which such adjournment is taken, unless the meeting is adjourned for more than twenty-four hours. If the meeting of the Board is adjourned for more than twenty-four hours, then notice of the time and place of the adjourned meeting shall be given before the adjourned meeting takes place to the directors who were not present at the time of adjournment in the manner specified in Section 4.3 of these Bylaws. Section 4.5. Consent In Lieu of Meeting. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board or any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, and the writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions (or paper reproductions thereof) are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board or committee. Such filing shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and shall be in electronic form if the minutes are maintained in electronic form. Section 4.6. Organization. The Chairperson of each meeting of the Board shall be the Chairperson of the Board or, in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Chairperson of the Board, the Lead Independent Director or, in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Lead Independent Director, the Chief Executive Officer (if he or she shall be a director) or, in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Chief Executive Officer or if the Chief Executive Officer is not a director, the President (if he or she shall be a director) or in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the President or if the President is not a director, a chairperson elected from the directors present. The Secretary shall act as secretary of all meetings of the Board. In the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Secretary, an Assistant Secretary shall perform the duties of the Secretary at such meeting. In the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Secretary and all Assistant Secretaries, the chairperson of the meeting may appoint any person to act as secretary of the meeting. ARTICLE V COMMITTEES OF DIRECTORS Section 5.1. Establishment. The Board may by resolution of the Board designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation. At least two-thirds (2/3) of the members of each committee shall be comprised of individuals who meet the definition of “a citizen of the United States,” as defined in Title 49, United States Code, Section 40102 and administrative interpretations thereof issued by the Department of Transportation or its predecessor or successors, or as the same may be from time to time amended; provided, however, that if a committee has one member or two members, such members shall be “citizens of the United

16 States,” as defined immediately above. Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the Board when required by the resolution designating such committee. The Board shall have the power at any time to fill vacancies in, to change the membership of, or to dissolve any such committee. Section 5.2. Available Powers. Any committee established pursuant to Section 5.1 hereof, to the extent permitted by applicable law and by resolution of the Board, shall have and may exercise all of the powers and authority of the Board in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers that may require it. Section 5.3. Alternate Members. The Board may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of such committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of the committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he, she or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board to act at the meeting in place of any such absent or disqualified member. Section 5.4. Procedures. Unless the Board otherwise provides, the time, date, place, if any, and notice of meetings of a committee shall be determined by such committee. At meetings of a committee, a majority of the number of members of the committee (but not including any alternate member, unless such alternate member has replaced any absent or disqualified member at the time of, or in connection with, such meeting) shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. The act of a majority of the members present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the committee, except as otherwise specifically provided by applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws or the Board. If a quorum is not present at a meeting of a committee, the members present may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than an announcement at the meeting, until a quorum is present. Unless the Board otherwise provides and except as provided in these Bylaws, each committee designated by the Board may make, alter, amend and repeal rules for the conduct of its business. In the absence of such rules each committee shall conduct its business in the same manner as the Board is authorized to conduct its business pursuant to Article III and Article IV of these Bylaws. ARTICLE VI OFFICERS Section 6.1. Officers. The officers of the Corporation elected by the Board shall be a Chief Executive Officer, a Chief Financial Officer, a Secretary and such other officers (including without limitation, a Chairperson of the Board, Presidents, Vice Presidents, Assistant Secretaries, and a Treasurer) as the Board from time to time may determine. Officers elected by the Board shall each have such powers and duties as generally pertain to their respective offices, subject to the specific provisions of this Article VI. Such officers shall also have such powers and duties as from time to time may be conferred by the Board. The Chief Executive Officer or President may also appoint such other officers (including without limitation one or more Vice Presidents and Controllers) as may be necessary or desirable for the conduct of the business of the Corporation. Such other officers shall have such powers and duties and shall hold their offices for such terms as may be

17 provided in these Bylaws or as may be prescribed by the Board or, if such officer has been appointed by the Chief Executive Officer or President, as may be prescribed by the appointing officer. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, at all times, at least two-thirds of the officers of the Corporation must be U.S. Citizens, such that the Corporation at all times is under “actual control” of U.S. Citizens (as required in Title 49, United States Code, Section 40102 and administrative interpretations thereof issued by the Department of Transportation or its predecessor or successors, or as the same may be from time to time amended). (a) Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer shall be the chief executive officer of the Corporation, shall have general supervision of the affairs of the Corporation and general control of all of its business subject to the ultimate authority of the Board, and shall be responsible for the execution of the policies of the Board with respect to such matters, except to the extent any such powers and duties have been prescribed to the Chairperson of the Board pursuant to Section 3.6 above. In the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Chairperson of the Board and the Lead Independent Director, the Chief Executive Officer (if he or she shall be a director) shall preside when present at all meetings of the stockholders and the Board. The position of Chief Executive Officer and President may be held by the same person and may be held by more than one person. The Chief Executive Officer must at all times be a U.S. Citizen. (b) President. The President shall make recommendations to the Chief Executive Officer on all operational matters that would normally be reserved for the final executive responsibility of the Chief Executive Officer. In the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Chairperson of the Board, the Lead Independent Director, and the Chief Executive Officer, the President (if he or she shall be a director) shall preside when present at all meetings of the stockholders and the Board. The President shall also perform such duties and have such powers as shall be designated by the Board. The position of President and Chief Executive Officer may be held by the same person. The President must at all times be a U.S. Citizen. (c) Chief Financial Officer. The Chief Financial Officer shall perform all duties commonly incident to that office (including, without limitation, the care and custody of the funds and securities of the Corporation, which from time to time may come into the Chief Financial Officer’s hands and the deposit of the funds of the Corporation in such banks or trust companies as the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the President may authorize). (d) Vice Presidents. In the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the President, the Vice President (or in the event there be more than one Vice President, the Vice Presidents in the order designated by the Board) shall perform the duties and have the powers of the President. Any one or more of the Vice Presidents may be given an additional designation of rank or function. (e) Secretary. (i) The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the stockholders, the Board and (as required) committees of the Board and shall record the proceedings of such meetings in books to be kept for that purpose. The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of the stockholders and special meetings of the Board and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board, the Chairperson of the Board, the Chief Executive

18 Officer or President. The Secretary shall have custody of the corporate seal of the Corporation and the Secretary, or any Assistant Secretary, shall have authority to affix the same to any instrument requiring it, and when so affixed, it may be attested by his or her signature or by the signature of such Assistant Secretary. The Board may give general authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the Corporation and to attest the affixing thereof by his or her signature. (ii) The Secretary shall keep, or cause to be kept, at the principal executive office of the Corporation or at the office of the Corporation’s transfer agent or registrar, if one has been appointed, a stock ledger, or duplicate stock ledger, showing the names of the stockholders and their addresses, the number and classes of shares held by each and, with respect to certificated shares, the number and date of certificates issued for the same and the number and date of certificates cancelled. (f) Assistant Secretaries. The Assistant Secretary or, if there be more than one, the Assistant Secretaries in the order determined by the Board shall, in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Secretary, perform the duties and have the powers of the Secretary. (g) Treasurer. The Treasurer shall, in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Chief Financial Officer, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Chief Financial Officer. Section 6.2. Term of Office; Removal; Vacancies. The elected officers of the Corporation shall be appointed by the Board and shall hold office until their successors are duly elected and qualified by the Board or until their earlier death, resignation, retirement, disqualification, or removal from office. Any officer may be removed, with or without cause, at any time by the Board. Any officer appointed by the Chief Executive Officer or President may also be removed, with or without cause, by the Chief Executive Officer or President, as the case may be, unless the Board otherwise provides. Any vacancy occurring in any elected office of the Corporation may be filled by the Board. Any vacancy occurring in any office appointed by the Chief Executive Officer or President may be filled by the Chief Executive Officer, or President, as the case may be, unless the Board then determines that such office shall thereupon be elected by the Board, in which case the Board shall elect such officer. Section 6.3. Other Officers. The Board may delegate the power to appoint such other officers and agents and may also remove such officers and agents or delegate the power to remove same, as it shall from time to time deem necessary or desirable. In case any officer is absent, or for any other reason that the Board may deem sufficient, the Chief Executive Officer or the President or the Board may delegate for the time being the powers or duties of such officer to any other officer or to any director. Section 6.4. Multiple Officeholders; Stockholder and Director Officers. Any number of offices may be held by the same person unless the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws otherwise provide. Officers need not be stockholders or residents of the State of Delaware. Section 6.5. Limitations on Non-Citizens as Officers. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in these Bylaws, the Chief Executive Officer and the President (if applicable) and at least

19 two-thirds (2/3) of the officers of the Corporation shall each be “a citizen of the United States,” as defined in Title 49, United States Code, Section 40102 and administrative interpretations thereof issued by the Department of Transportation or its predecessor or successors, or as the same may be from time to time amended. ARTICLE VII SHARES Section 7.1. Certificated and Uncertificated Shares. The shares of the Corporation may be certificated or uncertificated, subject to the sole discretion of the Board and the requirements of the DGCL. Section 7.2. Multiple Classes of Stock. If the Corporation shall be authorized to issue more than one class of stock or more than one series of any class, the Corporation shall (a) cause the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights to be set forth in full or summarized on the face or back of any certificate that the Corporation issues to represent shares of such class or series of stock or (b) in the case of uncertificated shares, within a reasonable time after the issuance or transfer of such shares, send to the registered owner thereof a written notice containing the information required to be set forth on certificates as specified in clause (a) above; provided, however, that, except as otherwise provided by applicable law, in lieu of the foregoing requirements, there may be set forth on the face or back of such certificate or, in the case of uncertificated shares, on such written notice a statement that the Corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences or rights. Section 7.3. Signatures. Each certificate representing capital stock of the Corporation shall be signed by or in the name of the Corporation by two (2) authorized officers of the Corporation, which authorized officers shall include, without limitation, the Chairperson of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, any Vice President, the Treasurer, the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary of the Corporation. Any or all the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, such certificate may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if such person were such officer, transfer agent or registrar on the date of issue. Section 7.4. Consideration and Payment for Shares. (a) Subject to applicable law and the Certificate of Incorporation, shares of stock may be issued for such consideration, having in the case of shares with par value a value not less than the par value thereof, and to such persons, as determined from time to time by the Board. The consideration may consist of any tangible or intangible property or any benefit to the Corporation

20 including cash, promissory notes, services performed, contracts for services to be performed or other securities, or any combination thereof. (b) Subject to applicable law and the Certificate of Incorporation, shares may not be issued until the full amount of the consideration has been paid, unless upon the face or back of each certificate issued to represent any partly paid shares of capital stock or upon the books and records of the Corporation in the case of partly paid uncertificated shares, there shall have been set forth the total amount of the consideration to be paid therefor and the amount paid thereon up to and including the time said certificate representing certificated shares or said uncertificated shares are issued. Section 7.5. Lost, Destroyed or Wrongfully Taken Certificates. (a) If an owner of a certificate representing shares claims that such certificate has been lost, destroyed or wrongfully taken, the Corporation shall issue a new certificate representing such shares or such shares in uncertificated form if the owner: (i) requests such a new certificate before the Corporation has notice that the certificate representing such shares has been acquired by a protected purchaser; (ii) if requested by the Corporation, delivers to the Corporation a bond sufficient to indemnify the Corporation against any claim that may be made against the Corporation on account of the alleged loss, wrongful taking or destruction of such certificate or the issuance of such new certificate or uncertificated shares; and (iii) satisfies other reasonable requirements imposed by the Corporation. (b) If a certificate representing shares has been lost, apparently destroyed or wrongfully taken, and the owner fails to notify the Corporation of that fact within a reasonable time after the owner has notice of such loss, apparent destruction or wrongful taking and the Corporation registers a transfer of such shares before receiving notification, the owner shall be precluded from asserting against the Corporation any claim for registering such transfer or a claim to a new certificate representing such shares or such shares in uncertificated form. Section 7.6. Transfer of Stock. Whenever any transfer of shares shall be made for collateral security and not absolutely, the Corporation shall so record such fact in the entry of transfer if, when the certificate for such shares is presented to the Corporation for transfer or, if such shares are uncertificated, when the instruction for registration of transfer thereof is presented to the Corporation, both the transferor and transferee request the Corporation to do so. Section 7.7. Registered Stockholders. Before due presentment for registration of transfer of a certificate representing shares of the Corporation or of an instruction requesting registration of transfer of uncertificated shares, the Corporation may treat the registered owner as the person exclusively entitled to inspect for any proper purpose the stock ledger and the other books and records of the Corporation, vote such shares, receive dividends or notifications with respect to such shares and otherwise exercise all the rights and powers of the owner of such shares, except that a person who is the beneficial owner of such shares (if held in a voting trust or by a nominee on behalf of such person) may, upon providing documentary evidence of beneficial ownership of such shares and satisfying such other conditions as are provided under applicable law, may also so inspect the books and records of the Corporation.

21 Section 7.8. Effect of the Corporation’s Restriction on Transfer. (a) A written restriction on the transfer or registration of transfer of shares of the Corporation or on the amount of shares of the Corporation that may be owned by any person or group of persons, if permitted by the DGCL and noted conspicuously on the certificate representing such shares or, in the case of uncertificated shares, contained in a notice, offering circular or prospectus sent by the Corporation to the registered owner of such shares within a reasonable time prior to or after the issuance or transfer of such shares, may be enforced against the holder of such shares or any successor or transferee of the holder including an executor, administrator, trustee, guardian or other fiduciary entrusted with like responsibility for the person or estate of the holder. (b) A restriction imposed by the Corporation on the transfer or the registration of shares of the Corporation or on the amount of shares of the Corporation that may be owned by any person or group of persons, even if otherwise lawful, is ineffective against a person without actual knowledge of such restriction unless: (i) the shares are certificated and such restriction is noted conspicuously on the certificate; or (ii) the shares are uncertificated and such restriction was contained in a notice, offering circular or prospectus sent by the Corporation to the registered owner of such shares within a reasonable time prior to or after the issuance or transfer of such shares. Section 7.9. Regulations. The Board shall have power and authority to make such additional rules and regulations, subject to any applicable requirement of law, as the Board may deem necessary and appropriate with respect to the issue, transfer or registration of transfer of shares of stock or certificates representing shares. The Board may appoint one or more transfer agents or registrars and may require for the validity thereof that certificates representing shares bear the signature of any transfer agent or registrar so appointed. ARTICLE VIII LIMITATIONS OF OWNERSHIP BY NON-CITIZENS Section 8.1. Definitions. For purposes of this Article VIII, the following definitions shall apply: (a) “Act” shall mean Subtitle VII of Title 49 of the United States Code, as amended, or as the same may be from time to time amended. (b) “Beneficial Ownership”, “Beneficially Owned” or “Owned Beneficially” refers to beneficial ownership as defined in Rule 13d-3 (without regard to the 60-day provision in paragraph (d)(1)(i) thereof) under the Exchange Act. (c) “Foreign Stock Record” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 8.3 below. (d) “Non-Citizen” shall mean any person or entity who is not a “citizen of the United States” (as defined in Section 41102 of the Act and administrative interpretations thereof issued by the Department of Transportation or its predecessor or successors, or as the same may be from time to time amended), including any agent, trustee or representative of a Non-Citizen.

22 (e) “Own or Control” or “Owned or Controlled” shall mean (i) ownership of record, (ii) beneficial ownership or (iii) the power to direct, by agreement, agency or in any other manner, the voting of Stock. Any determination by the Board of Directors as to whether Stock is Owned or Controlled by a Non-Citizen shall be final. (f) “Permitted Percentage” shall mean (i) 24.9% of the aggregate votes of all outstanding Stock of the Corporation for persons who are not “citizens of the United States,” as defined in Section 40102(a)(15) of Subtitle VII of Title 49 of the United States Code, as amended, in any similar legislation of the United States enacted in substitution or replacement therefor, and as interpreted by the Department of Transportation, its predecessors and successors, from time to time, including any agent, trustee or representative of such persons or entities, and who are citizens of a country which does not have an air transport agreement with the United States, or (ii) 24.9% percent of the voting power of the Stock and forty-nine (49%) percent of the issued and outstanding Stock of the Corporation for citizens of a country with an air transportation agreement with the United States. (g) “Stock” shall mean the outstanding capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote; provided, however, that for the purpose of determining the voting power of Stock that shall at any time constitute the Permitted Percentage, the voting power of Stock outstanding shall not be adjusted downward solely because shares of Stock may not be entitled to vote by reason of any provision of this Article VIII. Section 8.2. Limitations on Ownership. It is the policy of the Corporation that, consistent with the requirements of the Act, Non-Citizens shall not Own and/or Control more than the Permitted Percentage and, if Non-Citizens nonetheless at any time Own and/or Control more than the Permitted Percentage, the voting rights of the Stock in excess of the Permitted Percentage shall be automatically restricted in accordance with the Certificate of Incorporation and Sections 8.3 and 8.4 below. Section 8.3. Foreign Stock Record. The Corporation or any transfer agent designated by it shall maintain a separate stock record (the “Foreign Stock Record”) in which shall be registered Stock known to the Corporation to be Owned and/or Controlled by Non-Citizens. It shall be the duty of each stockholder to register his, her or its Stock if such stockholder is a Non-Citizen. A Non-Citizen may, at its option, register any Stock to be purchased pursuant to an agreement entered into with the Corporation, as if Owned or Controlled by it, upon execution of a definitive agreement. Such Non-Citizen shall register his, her or its Stock by sending a written request to the Corporation, noting both the execution of a definitive agreement for the purchase of Stock and the anticipated closing date of such transaction. Within ten (10) days of such closing date, the Non- Citizen shall send to the Corporation a written notice confirming that such closing occurred. Failure to send such confirmatory notice shall result in the removal of such Stock from the Foreign Stock Record. For the avoidance of doubt, any Stock registered as a result of execution of a definitive agreement shall not have any voting or other ownership rights until the closing of that transaction. In the event that the sale pursuant to such definitive agreement is not consummated in accordance with such agreement (as may be amended), such Stock shall be removed from the Foreign Stock Record without further action by the Corporation. The Foreign Stock Record shall include (i) the name and nationality of each such Non-Citizen and (ii) the date of registration of

23 such shares in the Foreign Stock Record. In no event shall shares in excess of the Permitted Percentage be entered on the Foreign Stock Record. In the event that the Corporation shall determine that Stock registered on the Foreign Stock Record exceeds the Permitted Percentage, the voting rights of the owners of the Stock registered on the Foreign Stock Record shall be restricted on a pro rata basis among all such owners (and not in reverse chronological order) so that the aggregate voting rights afforded to all of the Stock registered on the Foreign Stock Registry, taken together (without duplication), are equal to the Permitted Percentage, until such time as, absent such pro rata restriction, the voting rights of all of the Stock registered on the Foreign Stock Registry, taken together (without duplication), would not exceed the Permitted Percentage. Section 8.4. Restriction on Voting Rights. If at any time the number of shares of Stock known to the Corporation to be Owned and/or Controlled by Non-Citizens exceeds the Permitted Percentage, the voting rights of Stock Owned and/or Controlled by Non-Citizens and not registered on the Foreign Stock Record at the time of any vote or action of the stockholders of the Corporation shall, without further action by the Corporation, be restricted as set forth in Certificate of Incorporation. Such restriction of voting rights shall automatically terminate upon the earlier of the (i) transfer of such shares to a person or entity who is not a Non-Citizen, or (ii) registration of such shares on the Foreign Stock Record, subject to the last two sentences of Section 8.3 above. Section 8.5. Certificate of Citizenship. (a) The Corporation may by notice in writing (which may be included in the form of proxy or ballot distributed to stockholders in connection with the annual meeting or any special meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation, or otherwise) require a person that is a holder of record of Stock or that the Corporation knows to have, or has reasonable cause to believe has, Beneficial Ownership of Stock to certify in such manner as the Corporation shall deem appropriate (including by way of execution of any form of proxy or ballot of such person) that, to the knowledge of such person: (i) all Stock as to which such person has record ownership or Beneficial Ownership is Owned and Controlled only by citizens of the United States; or (ii) the number and class or series of Stock owned of record or Beneficially Owned by such person that is Owned and/or Controlled by Non-Citizens is as set forth in such certificate. (b) With respect to any Stock identified in response to Section 8.5(a)(ii) above, the Corporation may require such person to provide such further information as the Corporation may reasonably require in order to implement the provisions of this Article VIII. (c) For purposes of applying the provisions of this Article VIII with respect to any Stock, in the event of the failure of any person to provide the certificate or other information to which the Corporation is entitled pursuant to this Section 8.5, the Corporation shall presume that the Stock in question is Owned and/or Controlled by Non-Citizens.

24 ARTICLE IX INDEMNIFICATION Section 9.1. Right to Indemnification. Each person who was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is otherwise involved in any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative or any other type whatsoever (hereinafter a “proceeding”), by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director or an officer of the Corporation or, while a director or officer of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee, agent or trustee of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service with respect to an employee benefit plan (hereinafter an “indemnitee”), whether the basis of such proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity as a director, officer, employee, agent or trustee or in any other capacity while serving as a director, officer, employee, agent or trustee, shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Corporation to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than such law permitted the Corporation to provide prior to such amendment), against all expense, liability and loss (including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes or penalties and amounts paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by such indemnitee in connection therewith; except as provided in Section 9.3 below with respect to proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification or advancement of expenses or with respect to any compulsory counterclaim brought by such indemnitee, the Corporation shall indemnify any such indemnitee in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such indemnitee only if such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the Board. Section 9.2. Right to Advancement of Expenses. In addition to the right to indemnification conferred in Section 9.1 above, an indemnitee shall also have the right to be paid by the Corporation the expenses (including attorney’s fees) incurred in appearing at, participating in or defending any such proceeding in advance of its final disposition or in connection with a proceeding brought to establish or enforce a right to indemnification or advancement of expenses under this Article IX (which shall be governed by Section 9.3 below of this Article IX) (hereinafter an “advancement of expenses”); provided, however, that, if (x) the DGCL requires or (y) in the case of an advance made in a proceeding brought to establish or enforce a right to indemnification or advancement, an advancement of expenses incurred by an indemnitee in his or her capacity as a director or officer (and not in any other capacity in which service was or is rendered by such indemnitee, including, without limitation, service to an employee benefit plan) shall be made solely upon delivery to the Corporation of an undertaking (hereinafter an “undertaking”), by or on behalf of such indemnitee, to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined after final judicial decision from which there is no further right to appeal (hereinafter a “final adjudication”) that such indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification under this Article IX or otherwise. Section 9.3. Right of Indemnitee to Bring Suit. If a claim under Section 9.1 or 9.2 above is not paid in full by the Corporation within (i) 60 days after a written claim for indemnification has been received by the Corporation or (ii) 20 days after a claim for an advancement of expenses has been received by the Corporation, the indemnitee may at any time thereafter bring suit against the

25 Corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim or to obtain advancement of expenses, as applicable. To the fullest extent permitted by law, if the indemnitee is successful in whole or in part in any such suit, or in a suit brought by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the indemnitee shall be entitled to be paid also the expense of prosecuting or defending such suit. In (i) any suit brought by the indemnitee to enforce a right to indemnification hereunder (but not in a suit brought by the indemnitee to enforce a right to an advancement of expenses) it shall be a defense of the Corporation that, and (ii) any suit brought by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the Corporation shall be entitled to recover such expenses upon a final adjudication that, the indemnitee has not met any applicable standard for indemnification set forth in the DGCL. Neither the failure of the Corporation (including by its directors who are not parties to such action, a committee of such directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such suit that indemnification of the indemnitee is proper in the circumstances because the indemnitee has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the DGCL, nor an actual determination by the Corporation (including by its directors who are not parties to such action, a committee of such directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) that the indemnitee has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall create a presumption that the indemnitee has not met the applicable standard of conduct or, in the case of such a suit brought by the indemnitee, be a defense to such suit. In any suit brought by the indemnitee to enforce a right to indemnification or to an advancement of expenses hereunder, or brought by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the burden of proving that the indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified, or to such advancement of expenses, under this Article IX or otherwise shall be on the Corporation. Section 9.4. Non-Exclusivity of Rights. (a) The provision of indemnification to or the advancement of expenses and costs to any indemnitee under this Article IX, or the entitlement of any indemnitee to indemnification or advancement of expenses and costs under this Article IX, shall not limit or restrict in any way the power of the Corporation to indemnify or advance expenses and costs to such indemnitee in any other way permitted by law or be deemed exclusive of, or invalidate, any right to which any indemnitee seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses and costs may be entitled under any law, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in such indemnitee’s capacity as an officer, director, employee or agent of the Corporation and as to action in any other capacity. (b) Given that certain jointly indemnifiable claims (as defined below) may arise due to the service of the indemnitee as a director and/or officer of the Corporation or as a director, officer, employee, agent or trustee of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise at the request of the indemnitee-related entities (as defined below), the Corporation shall be fully and primarily responsible for the payment to the indemnitee in respect of indemnification or advancement of expenses in connection with any such jointly indemnifiable claims, pursuant to and in accordance with the terms of this Article IX, irrespective of any right of recovery the indemnitee may have from the indemnitee-related entities. Under no circumstance shall the Corporation be entitled to any right of subrogation against or contribution by the indemnitee- related entities and no right of advancement, indemnification or recovery the indemnitee may have

26 from the indemnitee-related entities shall reduce or otherwise alter the rights of the indemnitee or the obligations of the Corporation under this Article IX. In the event that any of the indemnitee- related entities shall make any payment to the indemnitee in respect of indemnification or advancement of expenses with respect to any jointly indemnifiable claim, the indemnitee-related entity making such payment shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights of recovery of the indemnitee against the Corporation, and the indemnitee shall execute all papers reasonably required and shall do all things that may be reasonably necessary to secure such rights, including the execution of such documents as may be necessary to enable the indemnitee-related entities effectively to bring suit to enforce such rights. Each of the indemnitee-related entities shall be third-party beneficiaries with respect to this Section 9.4(b), entitled to enforce this Section 9.4(b). Section 9.5. Certain Definitions. For purposes of Section 9.4(b) above, the following terms shall have the following meanings: (a) The term “indemnitee-related entities” means any corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise (other than the Corporation or any other corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise for which the indemnitee has agreed, on behalf of the Corporation or at the Corporation’s request, to serve as a director, officer, employee or agent and which service is covered by the indemnity described herein) from whom an indemnitee may be entitled to indemnification or advancement of expenses with respect to which, in whole or in part, the Corporation may also have an indemnification or advancement obligation. (b) The term “jointly indemnifiable claims” shall be broadly construed and shall include, without limitation, any action, suit or proceeding for which the indemnitee shall be entitled to indemnification or advancement of expenses from both the indemnitee-related entities and the Corporation pursuant to applicable law, any agreement, certificate of incorporation, Bylaws, partnership agreement, operating agreement, certificate of formation, certificate of limited partnership or comparable organizational documents of the Corporation or the indemnitee-related entities, as applicable. Section 9.6. Contract Rights. The rights conferred upon indemnitees in this Article IX shall be contract rights and such rights shall continue as to an indemnitee who has ceased to be a director or officer and shall inure to the benefit of the indemnitee’s heirs, executors and administrators. Any amendment, alteration or repeal of this Article IX that adversely affects any right of an indemnitee or its successors shall be prospective only and shall not limit, eliminate, or impair any such right with respect to any proceeding involving any occurrence or alleged occurrence of any action or omission to act that took place prior to such amendment or repeal. Section 9.7. Insurance. The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect itself and any director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any expense, liability or loss, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such expense, liability or loss under the DGCL.

27 Section 9.8. Indemnification of Other Persons. The Corporation may, to the extent authorized from time to time by the Board, grant rights to indemnification and to the advancement of expenses to any employee or agent of the Corporation to the fullest extent of the provisions of this Article IX with respect to the indemnification and advancement of expenses of directors and officers of the Corporation. Section 9.9. Amendments. Any repeal or amendment of this Article IX by the Board or the stockholders of the Corporation or by changes in applicable law, or the adoption of any other provision of these Bylaws inconsistent with this Article IX, will, to the extent permitted by applicable law, be prospective only (except to the extent such amendment or change in applicable law permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights to Indemnitees on a retroactive basis than permitted prior thereto), and will not in any way diminish or adversely affect any right or protection existing hereunder in respect of any act or omission occurring prior to such repeal or amendment or adoption of such inconsistent provision. Any amendment or repeal of this Article IX by stockholders shall require the affirmative vote of the stockholders holding at least two-thirds (2/3) of the voting power of all outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation. Section 9.10. Severability. If any provision or provisions of this Article IX shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable for any reason whatsoever: (a) the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Article IX shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby; and (b) to the fullest extent possible, the provisions of this Article IX (including, without limitation, each such portion of this Article IX containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall be construed so as to give effect to the intent manifested by the provision held invalid, illegal or unenforceable. ARTICLE X MISCELLANEOUS Section 10.1. Place of Meetings. If the place of any meeting of stockholders, the Board or committee of the Board for which notice is required under these Bylaws is not designated in the notice of such meeting, such meeting shall be held at the principal business office of the Corporation; provided, however, if the Board has, in its sole discretion, determined that a meeting shall not be held at any place, but instead shall be held by means of remote communication pursuant to Section 10.5 hereof, then such meeting shall not be held at any place. Section 10.2. Fixing Record Dates. (a) In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the Board may fix a record date, which shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board, and which record date shall not be more than 60 nor less than 10 days before the date of such meeting. If the Board so fixes a date, such date shall also be the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting unless the Board determines, at the time it fixes such record date, that a later date on or before the date of the meeting shall be the date for making such determination. If no record date is fixed by the Board, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on

28 the business day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the business day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting, and in such case shall also fix as the record date for stockholders entitled to notice of such adjourned meeting the same or an earlier date as that fixed for determination of stockholders entitled to vote in accordance with the foregoing provisions of this Section 10.2(a) at the adjourned meeting. (b) In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights or the stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall be not more than 60 days prior to such action. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board adopts the resolution relating thereto. Section 10.3. Means of Giving Notice. (a) Notice to Directors. Whenever under applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws notice is required to be given to any director, such notice shall be given either (i) in writing and sent by mail, or by a nationally recognized delivery service, (ii) by means of electronic mail, facsimile telecommunication or other form of electronic transmission, or (iii) by oral notice given personally or by telephone. A notice to a director will be deemed given as follows: (i) if given by hand delivery, orally, or by telephone, when actually received by the director, (ii) if sent through the United States mail, when deposited in the United States mail, with postage and fees thereon prepaid, addressed to the director at the director’s address appearing on the records of the Corporation, (iii) if sent for next day delivery by a nationally recognized overnight delivery service, when deposited with such service, with fees thereon prepaid, addressed to the director at the director’s address appearing on the records of the Corporation, (iv) if sent by facsimile telecommunication, when sent to the facsimile transmission number for such director appearing on the records of the Corporation, (v) if sent by electronic mail, when sent to the electronic mail address for such director appearing on the records of the Corporation, or (vi) if sent by any other form of electronic transmission, when sent to the address, location or number (as applicable) for such director appearing on the records of the Corporation. (b) Notice to Stockholders. Whenever under applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws notice is required to be given to any stockholder, such notice may be given (i) in writing and sent either by hand delivery, through the United States mail, or by a nationally recognized overnight delivery service for next day delivery, or (ii) by means of a form of electronic transmission consented to by the stockholder, to the extent permitted by, and subject to the conditions set forth in Section 232 of the DGCL. A notice to a stockholder shall be deemed given as follows: (i) if given by hand delivery, when actually received by the stockholder, (ii) if sent through the United States mail, when deposited in the United States mail, with postage and fees thereon prepaid, addressed to the stockholder at the stockholder’s address appearing on the stock

29 ledger of the Corporation, (iii) if sent for next day delivery by a nationally recognized overnight delivery service, when deposited with such service, with fees thereon prepaid, addressed to the stockholder at the stockholder’s address appearing on the stock ledger of the Corporation, and (iv) if given by a form of electronic transmission consented to by the stockholder to whom the notice is given and otherwise meeting the requirements set forth above, (A) if by facsimile transmission, when directed to a number at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice, (B) if by electronic mail, when directed to an electronic mail address at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice, (C) if by a posting on an electronic network together with separate notice to the stockholder of such specified posting, upon the later of (1) such posting and (2) the giving of such separate notice, and (D) if by any other form of electronic transmission, when directed to the stockholder. A stockholder may revoke such stockholder’s consent to receiving notice by means of electronic communication by giving written notice of such revocation to the Corporation. Any such consent shall be deemed revoked if (1) the Corporation is unable to deliver by electronic transmission two consecutive notices given by the Corporation in accordance with such consent and (2) such inability becomes known to the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or to the Corporation’s transfer agent, or other person responsible for the giving of notice; provided, however, the inadvertent failure to treat such inability as a revocation shall not invalidate any meeting or other action. (c) Electronic Transmission. “Electronic transmission” means any form of communication, not directly involving the physical transmission of paper, that creates a record that may be retained, retrieved and reviewed by a recipient thereof, and that may be directly reproduced in paper form by such a recipient through an automated process, including but not limited to transmission by telex, facsimile telecommunication, electronic mail, telegram and cablegram. (d) Notice to Stockholders Sharing Same Address. Without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given effectively by the Corporation to stockholders, any notice to stockholders given by the Corporation under any provision of the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws shall be effective if given by a single written notice to stockholders who share an address if consented to by the stockholders at that address to whom such notice is given. A stockholder may revoke such stockholder’s consent by delivering written notice of such revocation to the Corporation. Any stockholder who fails to object in writing to the Corporation within 60 days of having been given written notice by the Corporation of its intention to send such a single written notice shall be deemed to have consented to receiving such single written notice. (e) Exceptions to Notice Requirements. Whenever notice is required to be given, under the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, to any person with whom communication is unlawful, the giving of such notice to such person shall not be required and there shall be no duty to apply to any governmental authority or agency for a license or permit to give such notice to such person. Any action or meeting that shall be taken or held without notice to any such person with whom communication is unlawful shall have the same force and effect as if such notice had been duly given. In the event that the action taken by the Corporation is such as to require the filing of a certificate with the Secretary of State of Delaware, the certificate shall state, if such is the fact and if notice is required, that notice was given to all persons entitled to receive notice except such persons with whom communication is unlawful.

30 Whenever notice is required to be given by the Corporation, under any provision of the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, to any stockholder to whom (1) notice of two consecutive annual meetings of stockholders and all notices of stockholder meetings or of the taking of action by written consent of stockholders without a meeting to such stockholder during the period between such two consecutive annual meetings, or (2) all, and at least two payments (if sent by first-class mail) of dividends or interest on securities during a 12-month period, have been mailed addressed to such stockholder at such stockholder’s address as shown on the records of the Corporation and have been returned undeliverable, the giving of such notice to such stockholder shall not be required. Any action or meeting that shall be taken or held without notice to such stockholder shall have the same force and effect as if such notice had been duly given. If any such stockholder shall deliver to the Corporation a written notice setting forth such stockholder’s then current address, the requirement that notice be given to such stockholder shall be reinstated. In the event that the action taken by the Corporation is such as to require the filing of a certificate with the Secretary of State of Delaware, the certificate need not state that notice was not given to persons to whom notice was not required to be given pursuant to Section 230(b) of the DGCL. The exception in subsection (1) of the first sentence of this paragraph to the requirement that notice be given shall not be applicable to any notice returned as undeliverable if the notice was given by electronic transmission. Section 10.4. Waiver of Notice. Whenever any notice is required to be given under applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these Bylaws, a written waiver of such notice, signed by the person or persons entitled to said notice, or a waiver by electronic transmission by the person entitled to said notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to such required notice. All such waivers shall be kept with the books of the Corporation. Attendance at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except where a person attends for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting was not lawfully called or convened. Section 10.5. Meeting Attendance via Remote Communication Equipment. (a) Stockholder Meetings. If authorized by the Board in its sole discretion, and subject to such guidelines and procedures as the Board may adopt, stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting and proxy holders not physically present at a meeting of stockholders may, by means of remote communication: (i) participate in a meeting of stockholders; and (ii) be deemed present in person and vote at a meeting of stockholders, whether such meeting is to be held at a designated place or solely by means of remote communication, provided that (A) the Corporation shall implement reasonable measures to verify that each person deemed present and permitted to vote at the meeting by means of remote communication is a stockholder or proxy holder, (B) the Corporation shall implement reasonable measures to provide such stockholders and proxy holders a reasonable opportunity to participate in the meeting and, if entitled to vote, to vote on matters submitted to the applicable stockholders, including an opportunity to read or hear the proceedings of the meeting substantially concurrently with such proceedings, and (C) if

31 any stockholder or proxy holder votes or takes other action at the meeting by means of remote communication, a record of such votes or other action shall be maintained by the Corporation. (b) Board Meetings. Unless otherwise restricted by applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, members of the Board or any committee thereof may participate in a meeting of the Board or any committee thereof by means of conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other. Such participation in a meeting shall constitute presence in person at the meeting, except where a person participates in the meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting was not lawfully called or convened. Section 10.6. Dividends. The Board may from time to time declare, and the Corporation may pay, dividends (payable in cash, property or shares of the Corporation’s capital stock) on the Corporation’s outstanding shares of capital stock, subject to applicable law and the Certificate of Incorporation. Section 10.7. Reserves. The Board may set apart out of the funds of the Corporation available for dividends a reserve or reserves for any proper purpose and may abolish any such reserve. Section 10.8. Contracts and Other Documents. The Chief Executive Officer, President, the Chief Financial Officer and the Secretary, or such other officer or officers as may from time to time be authorized by the Board of Directors or any other committee given specific authority in the premises by the Board of Directors during the intervals between the meetings of the Board of Directors, shall have power to sign and execute on behalf of the Corporation deeds, conveyances and contracts, and any and all other documents requiring execution by the Corporation. Section 10.9. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be fixed by the Board. Section 10.10. Seal. The Board may adopt a corporate seal, which shall be in such form as the Board determines. The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed, affixed or otherwise reproduced. Section 10.11. Books and Records. The books and records of the Corporation may be kept within or outside the State of Delaware at such place or places as may from time to time be designated by the Board. Section 10.12. Resignation. Any director, committee member or officer may resign by giving notice thereof in writing or by electronic transmission to the Chairperson of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Secretary. The resignation shall take effect at the time it is delivered unless the resignation specifies a later effective date or an effective date determined upon the happening of an event or events. Unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. Section 10.13. Securities of Other Corporations. Powers of attorney, proxies, waivers of notice of meeting, consents in writing and other instruments relating to securities owned by the

32 Corporation may be executed in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation by the Chairperson of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, President, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Legal Officer or any officers authorized by the Board. Any such officer, may, in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation, take all such action as any such officer may deem advisable to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of security holders of any corporation in which the Corporation may own securities, or to consent in writing, in the name of the Corporation as such holder, to any action by such corporation, and at any such meeting or with respect to any such consent shall possess and may exercise any and all rights and power incident to the ownership of such securities and which, as the owner thereof, the Corporation might have exercised and possessed. The Board may from time to time confer like powers upon any other person or persons. Section 10.14. Amendments. The Board shall have the power to adopt, amend, alter or repeal the Bylaws. The Bylaws also may be adopted, amended, altered or repealed by the stockholders; provided, however, that in addition to any vote of the holders of any class or series of capital stock of the Corporation required by applicable law or the Certificate of Incorporation, the affirmative vote of the stockholders holding at least two-thirds (2/3) of the voting power of all outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation shall be required for the stockholders to adopt, amend, alter or repeal the Bylaws.

1 THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS OF VOLATO GROUP, INC. (THE “CORPORATION”) ARTICLE II STOCKHOLDERS MEETINGS Section 2.4. Quorum. Except as otherwise provided by applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, as the same may be amended or restated from time to time (the ‘‘Certificate of Incorporation’’), or these Second Amended and Restated Bylaws, as the same may be amended from time to time (these ‘‘Bylaws’’), the presence, in person or by proxy, at a stockholders meeting of the holders of shares of outstanding capital stock of the Corporation representing one third of the voting power of all outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at such meeting, except that when specified business is to be voted on by a class or series of stock voting as a class, the holders of shares representing one third of the voting power of the outstanding shares of such class or series shall constitute a quorum of such class or series for the transaction of such business. If a quorum shall not be present or represented by proxy at any meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation, the chairperson of the meeting may adjourn the meeting from time to time in the manner provided in Section 2.6 hereof until a quorum shall attend. The stockholders present at a duly convened meeting may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough stockholders to leave less than a quorum. Shares of its own stock belonging to the Corporation or to another corporation, if a majority of the voting power of the shares entitled to vote in the election of directors of such other corporation is held, directly or indirectly, by the Corporation, shall neither be entitled to vote nor be counted for quorum purposes; provided, however, that the foregoing shall not limit the right of the Corporation or any such other corporation to vote shares held by it in a fiduciary capacity.’’

EX-4.4 4 ex44-4904x0389x43181xsoarx.htm EX-4.4 Document

Exhibit 4.4

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES

The following summary of the material terms of the securities of Volato Group, Inc. is not intended to be a complete summary of the rights and preferences of such securities. You are encouraged to read our Charter in its entirety, which is included as Exhibit 3.1 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and the applicable definitive documents governing our Warrants, along with the applicable provisions of Delaware law, for a complete description of the rights and preferences of Volato’s securities.

Authorized Capital Stock

The Charter authorizes the issuance of 201,000,000 shares, consisting of 200,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share, and 1,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value per share.

Common Stock

Voting Power

Holders of shares of Class A Common Stock of Volato Group, Inc. (“Volato Group Common Stock”) are entitled to one vote in respect of each share of stock held of record by such holder on all matters to be voted on by stockholders generally. Except as otherwise required by law, holders of Volato Group Common Stock are entitled to vote on any amendment to the Charter (including any certificate of designation relating to any series of preferred stock) that relates solely to the terms of one or more outstanding series of preferred stock of Volato Group (the “Volato Group Preferred Stock”) if the holders of such affected series are entitled, either separately or together as a class with the holders of one or more other such series, to vote on such amendment pursuant to the Charter (including any certificate of designation relating to any series of preferred stock). The Charter contains qualified limitations on the voting power of persons who fail to qualify as a U.S. Citizen. The Charter provides that in no event shall the total number of shares of equity securities held by non-citizens entitled to be more than 24.9% of the aggregate votes of all outstanding equity securities of Volato Group and that if that cap amount is exceeded, then the number of votes such holders shall be entitled to vote shall be reduced pro rata such that the total number of votes of such holders shall, in the aggregate, equal 24.9%.

Dividends

Subject to applicable law and the rights and preferences, if any, of any holders of any outstanding series of Volato Group Preferred Stock, holders of Volato Group Common Stock are entitled to receive dividends when, as and if declared by the Volato Group Board, payable either in cash, in property or in shares of capital stock.

Liquidation, Dissolution and Winding Up

Upon Volato Group’s liquidation, dissolution or winding up and after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to any holders of Volato Group’s Preferred Stock having liquidation preferences, if any, the holders of Volato Group Common Stock are entitled to receive pro rata Volato Group’s remaining assets available for distribution.

Preemptive or Other Rights

Holders of Volato Group Common Stock are not entitled to preemptive rights, and Volato Group Common Stock is not subject to conversion, redemption or sinking fund provisions.

Election and Removal of Directors

Directors are elected by a plurality of the votes cast at each annual meeting of stockholders held for the election of such class of directors. Each director will hold office until the next succeeding annual meeting for the election of the applicable class of directors and until his or her successor is elected and qualified, or until such director’s earlier death, resignation, disqualification or removal.

Because the Volato Group Board would be classified into three terms, the directors are generally elected to serve three years. The Charter does not provide for cumulative voting for the election of directors. In compliance with applicable U.S. aviation laws, at least two-thirds of the directors in office at any time must be comprised of individuals who meet the definition of “a citizen of the United States” under applicable law.

Under the Charter, directors may only be removed for cause and only by the affirmative vote of holders of at least two-thirds of the voting power of all then outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class.

Preferred Stock

The Charter provides that shares of Volato Group Preferred Stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series. The Volato Group Board are authorized to establish the number of shares to be included in each such series, to fix the designation, vesting, powers (including voting powers), preferences and relative, participating, optional or other rights (and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof) of the shares of each such series and increase or decrease (but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of all of the then outstanding shares of the capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, without a separate vote of the holders of the Preferred Stock, or any series thereof, unless a vote of any the holders is required pursuant to any Preferred Stock Designation.. The Volato Group Board are able to, without stockholder approval, issue Volato Group Preferred Stock with voting and other rights that could adversely affect the voting power and other rights of the holders of the Volato Group Common Stock and could have anti-takeover effects. The ability of the Volato Group Board to issue Volato Group Preferred Stock, while providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could, among other things, have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change of control of Volato Group or the removal of existing management.

Warrants

As of March 26, 2024, there were 29,026,000 warrants to purchase Volato Group Common Stock outstanding, consisting of 13,800,000 public warrants and 15,226,000 private warrants.

Each public warrant entitles the registered holder to purchase one share of Volato Group Common Stock at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment as discussed below, at any time commencing after December 1, 2023, the date that Volato Group closed its business combination (the “Business Combination Closing Date”). However, no public warrants are exercisable for cash unless there is an effective and current registration statement covering the shares of Volato Group Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the public warrants and a current prospectus relating to such shares of Volato Group Common Stock. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a registration statement covering the shares of Volato Group Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the public warrants is not effective within 120 days from the Business Combination Closing Date, warrant holders may, until such time as there is an effective registration statement and during any period when the Company shall have failed to maintain an effective registration statement, exercise public warrants on a cashless basis pursuant to an available exemption from registration under the Securities Act. The public warrants will expire five years from the Business Combination Closing Date, or on December 1, 2028 at 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time.

Each private warrant is exercisable for one share of Volato Group Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share, and (ii) such private warrants are exercisable for cash (even if a registration statement covering the shares of Volato Group Common Stock issuable upon exercise of such warrants is not effective) or on a cashless basis, at the holder’s option, and will not be redeemable by the Company, in each case so long as they are still held by the Sponsor or their affiliates.

The Company may call the outstanding public warrants for redemption in whole and not in part, at a price of $0.01 per warrant:

•at any time while the warrants are exercisable;

•upon not less than 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption to each warrant holder;

if, and only if, the reported last sale price of the shares of Volato Group Common Stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share, for any 20 trading days within a 30-day trading period ending on the third business day prior to the notice of redemption to warrant holders; and if, and only if, there is a current registration statement in effect with respect to the shares of Volato Group Common Stock underlying such warrants at the time of redemption and for the entire 30-day trading period referred to above and continuing each day thereafter until the date of redemption.

The right to exercise will be forfeited unless the public warrants are exercised prior to the date specified in the notice of redemption. On and after the redemption date, a record holder of a warrant will have no further rights except to receive the redemption price for such holder’s warrant upon surrender of such warrant.

The redemption criteria for the public warrants have been established at a price which is intended to provide warrant holders a reasonable premium to the initial exercise price and provide a sufficient differential between the then-prevailing share price and the warrant exercise price so that if the share price declines as a result of the Company’s redemption call, the redemption will not cause the share price to drop below the exercise price of the warrants.

If the Company calls the public warrants for redemption as described above, it will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise warrants to do so on a “cashless basis.” In such event, each holder would pay the exercise price by surrendering the public warrants for that number of shares of Volato Group Common Stock equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (x) the product of the number of shares of Volato Group Common Stock underlying the warrants, multiplied by the difference between the exercise price of the warrants and the “fair market value” by (y) the fair market value. The “fair market value” shall mean the average reported last sale price of Volato Group Common Stock for the 10 trading days ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the notice of redemption is sent to the holders of warrants. Whether the Company will exercise its option to require all holders to exercise their warrants on a “cashless basis” will depend on a variety of factors including the price of Volato Group Common Stock at the time the warrants are called for redemption, its cash needs at such time and concerns regarding dilutive share issuances.

The public warrants were issued in registered form under the Warrant Agreement between Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as warrant agent, and Volato Group. You should review a copy of the Warrant Agreement, which is filed as Exhibit 4.3 to this Annual Report of Form 10-K, for a complete description of the terms and conditions applicable to the public warrants. The Warrant Agreement provides that the terms of the warrants may be amended without the consent of any holder to cure any ambiguity or correct any defective provision, but requires the approval, by written consent or vote, of the holders of a majority of the then outstanding warrants in order to make any change that adversely affects the interests of the registered holders.

The exercise price and number of shares of Volato Group Common Stock issuable on exercise of the public warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a share dividend, extraordinary dividend or our recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation.

The public warrants may be exercised upon surrender of the warrant certificate on or prior to the expiration date at the offices of the warrant agent, with the exercise form on the reverse side of the warrant certificate completed and executed as indicated, accompanied by full payment of the exercise price, by certified or official bank check payable to us, for the number of warrants being exercised. The warrant holders do not have the rights or privileges of holders of shares of Volato Group Common Stock and any voting rights until they exercise their warrants and receive shares of Volato Group Common Stock. After the issuance of shares of Volato Group Common Stock upon exercise of the public warrants, each holder will be entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters to be voted on by stockholders.

Except as described above, no Volato Group Common Stock will be exercisable for cash, and the Company will not be obligated to issue shares of Volato Group Common Stock unless at the time a holder seeks to exercise such warrant, a prospectus relating to the shares of Volato Group Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants is current and the shares of Volato Group Common Stock have been registered or qualified or deemed to be exempt under the securities laws of the state of residence of the holder of the warrants. Under the terms of the Warrant Agreement, the Company has agreed to use its best efforts to meet these conditions and to maintain a current prospectus relating to the shares of Volato Group Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants until the expiration of the warrants. However, the Company cannot assure you that it will be able to do so and, if the Company does not maintain a current prospectus relating to the shares of Volato Group Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants, holders will be unable to exercise their warrants, and the Company will not be required to settle any such warrant exercise. If the prospectus relating to the shares of Volato Group Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of the warrants is not current or if the Volato Group Common Stock is not qualified or exempt from qualification in the jurisdictions in which the holders of the warrants reside, the Company will not be required to net cash settle or cash settle the warrant exercise, the warrants may have no value, the market for the warrants may be limited and the warrants may expire worthless.

A holder of public warrants may notify the Company in writing in the event it elects to be subject to a requirement that such holder will not have the right to exercise such warrant, to the extent that after giving effect to such exercise, such person (together with such person’s affiliates), to the warrant agent’s actual knowledge, would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% or 9.99% (or such other amount as a holder may specify) of Volato Group Common Stock outstanding.

No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of the warrants. If, upon exercise of the warrants, a holder would be entitled to receive a fractional interest in a share, the Company will, upon exercise, round down to the nearest whole number the number of shares of Volato Group Common Stock to be issued to the warrant holder.

Contractual Arrangements with respect to the private warrants

So long as the private warrants are still held by the Sponsor or its affiliates, the Company will not redeem such warrants, and the Company will allow the holders to exercise such warrants on a cashless basis (even if a registration statement covering the shares of Volato Group Common Stock issuable upon exercise of such warrants is not effective). However, once any of the private warrants are transferred from the Sponsor or their affiliates, these arrangements will no longer apply. Furthermore, because the private warrants were issued in a private transaction, the holders and their transferees will be allowed to exercise the private warrants for cash even if a registration statement covering the shares of Volato Group Common Stock issuable upon exercise of such warrants is not effective and receive unregistered shares of Volato Group Common Stock.

Anti-Takeover Effects of Provisions of the Charter and Delaware Law

Certain provisions of the Charter and laws of the State of Delaware could make it more difficult to acquire Volato Group by means of a tender offer, a proxy contest or otherwise, or to remove incumbent officers and directors. These provisions, summarized below, are intended to discourage coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids. These provisions are also designed to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of Volato Group to first negotiate with the Volato Group Board. Volato Group believes that the benefits of these provisions outweigh the disadvantages of discouraging certain takeover or acquisition proposals because, among other things, negotiation of these proposals could result in an improvement of their terms and enhance the ability of the Volato Group Board to maximize stockholder value. However, these provisions may delay, deter or prevent a merger or acquisition of Volato Group that a stockholder might consider is in their best interest or in Volato Group’s best interests, including transactions that might result in a premium over the prevailing market price of Volato Group Common Stock.

Authorized but Unissued Shares

The authorized but unissued shares of Volato Group Common Stock and preferred stock are available for future issuance without stockholder approval, subject to any limitations imposed by the listing standards of the NYSE. These additional shares may be used for a variety of corporate finance transactions, acquisitions and employee benefit plans. The existence of authorized but unissued and unreserved Volato Group Common Stock and preferred stock could make more difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control of Volato Group by means of a proxy contest, tender offer, merger or otherwise.

Classified Board; Removal of Directors

The Volato Group Board would be classified into three terms, such that directors would generally be elected to serve three years. In compliance with applicable U.S. aviation laws, at least two-thirds of the directors in office at any time must be comprised of individuals who meet the definition of “a citizen of the United States” under applicable law. Under the Charter, directors may only be removed for cause and only may by the affirmative vote of holders of at least two-thirds of the voting power of all then outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class.

These provisions may make it more difficult for stockholders to change the composition of the Volato Group Board or delay their ability to do so.

Special Meetings of Stockholders

The Charter provides that only the Chairperson of the Company Board, the chief executive officer of the Company, or the Volato Group Board may call special meetings of stockholders, thus prohibiting a holder of Volato Group Common Stock from calling a special meeting. These provisions might delay the ability of stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or for stockholders controlling a majority of Volato Group to take any action, including the removal of directors.

Advance Notice Requirements for Stockholder Proposals and Director Nominations

The Bylaws provide that stockholders seeking to bring business before the Company’s annual meeting of stockholders, or to nominate candidates for election as directors at its annual meeting of stockholders, must provide timely notice. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice will need to be delivered to the Secretary of Volato Group at its principal executive offices not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the one-year anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting (which date of the preceding year’s annual meeting, in the case of the first annual meeting of stockholders is deemed to be June 1, 2023). In the event that the annual meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 60 days after such anniversary date (subject to certain exceptions for the first annual meeting following the Business Combination Closing Date), to be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be so delivered no earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to such annual meeting and not later than the 90th day prior to such annual meeting or the 10th day following the day on which public disclosure of the date of such annual meeting was first made by Volato Group. The Bylaws also specify certain requirements as to the form and content of a stockholders’ notice.

Supermajority Requirements for the Amendment of the Charter

The bylaws may be amended or repealed by the Volato Group Board or by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds (2/3) of the voting power of all of the then-outstanding shares of the capital stock of Volato Group entitled to vote in the election of directors, voting as one class. In addition, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds (2/3) of the voting power of the then-outstanding shares of capital stock of Volato Group entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, will be required to amend certain provisions of the Charter, including provisions relating to the classified board, the size of the board, removal of directors, special meetings, actions by written consent, and designation of preferred stock.

Board Vacancies and Newly Created Directorships; Board Size

The Charter provides that, subject to the special rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock to elect directors, any vacancy or newly created directorship on the Volato Group Board may be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office, even if less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director, and not by the stockholders. Any director chosen to fill a vacancy or newly created directorship will hold office until the expiration of the term of the class for which he or she was elected and until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified, or until his or her earlier death, resignation, disqualification or removal. In addition, the number of directors constituting the whole Board is permitted to be set only by a resolution of the Board. These provisions prevent a stockholder from increasing the size of the Volato Group Board and then gaining control of the board by filling the resulting newly created directorships with its own nominees. This makes it more difficult to change the composition of the Volato Group Board, but promotes continuity of management.

Exclusive Forum Selection

The Charter requires, unless Volato Group consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum and to the fullest extent permitted by law, that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if such court does not have subject matter jurisdiction thereof, the federal district court of the State of) will be the sole and exclusive forum to bring: (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of Volato Group; (ii) any action or proceeding asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any current or former director, officer, employee or agent of Volato Group or any stockholder to Volato Group or the Volato Group stockholders; (iii) any action or proceeding asserting a claim as such arising out of provision of the DGCL, the Charter or the Bylaws (as the same may be amended from time to time) or as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware; and (iv) any action or proceeding asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine, in all cases to the fullest extent permitted by law. However, such forum selection provisions will not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Securities Act or the Exchange Act. The Charter also provides that, unless Volato Group consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America will be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act.

Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all claims brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. Accordingly, both state and federal courts have jurisdiction to entertain such claims. As noted above, the Charter provides that the federal district courts of the United States will have exclusive jurisdiction over any action asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. Accordingly, there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce such provision.

Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all claims brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. As noted above, the Charter

provides that the choice of forum provision does not apply to suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act.

The Charter provides that any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of Volato Group’s capital stock shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the forum selection provisions in the Charter.

The choice of forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with Volato Group or its directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against Volato Group and its directors, officers, and other employees. Alternatively, if a court were to find the choice of forum provisions contained in the Charter to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, Volato Group may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm its business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law

Volato Group is subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the DGCL. In general, Section 203 prohibits a Delaware corporation that is listed on a national securities exchange or held of record by more than 2,000 stockholders from engaging in a “business combination” with an “interested stockholder” for a three-year period following the time that such stockholder becomes an interested stockholder, unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner as summarized below or another exception or exemption applies. A “business combination” includes, among other things, certain mergers, asset or stock sales or other transactions together resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. An “interested stockholder” is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns, or is an affiliate or associate of the corporation and did own within three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder status, 15% or more of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock. Under Section 203, a business combination between a corporation and an interested stockholder is prohibited unless it satisfies one of several specific exceptions and exemptions, which include but are not limited to situations where:

•before the stockholder became an interested stockholder, the board of directors approved either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder;

•upon consummation of the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the voting stock outstanding those shares owned by persons who are directors and also officers, and employee stock plans, in some instances;

•at or after the time the stockholder became an interested stockholder, the business combination was approved by the board of directors of the corporation and authorized at an annual or special meeting of the stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2∕3% of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder; or

•the business combination is with an interested stockholder who became an interested stockholder at a time when the restrictions contained in Section 203 did not apply because the corporation’s certificate of incorporation opted out of Section 203.

Under certain circumstances, Section 203 of the DGCL will make it more difficult for a person who would be an “interested stockholder” to effect various business combinations with a corporation for a three-year period. This provision may encourage companies interested in acquiring Volato Group to negotiate in advance with the Volato Group Board because the stockholder approval requirement would be avoided if the Volato Group Board approves either the business combination or the transaction which results in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder. Section 203 of the DGCL also may have the effect of preventing changes in the Volato Group Board and may make it more difficult to accomplish transactions which stockholders may otherwise deem to be in their best interests.

Limitation on Liability and Indemnification of Directors and Officers

The Bylaws provide that Volato Group’s directors and officers are indemnified and advanced expenses by Volato Group to the fullest extent authorized or permitted by the DGCL as it now exists or may in the future be amended, subject to exceptions, including without limitation that the rights of such persons to indemnification under the Bylaws does not generally include proceedings or parts thereto initiated by the indemnitee without authorization from the Volato Group Board. In addition, the Charter provides that Volato Group’s directors and officers will not be personally liable to Volato Group or its stockholders for monetary damages for breaches of their fiduciary duty as directors or officers to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL (including as the DGCL may potentially be amended in the future to permit further exculpation of directors or officers).

The Bylaws also permit Volato Group to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any officer, director, employee or agent of Volato Group for any liability arising out of his or her status as such, regardless of whether the DGCL would permit indemnification.

These provisions may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against Volato Group directors or officers for breach of their fiduciary duties. These provisions also may have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative or other litigation against directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit Volato Group and its stockholders. Furthermore, a stockholder’s investment may be adversely affected to the extent Volato Group pays the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification and advancement provisions.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to Volato Group directors, officers and controlling persons pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.

EX-19.1 5 ex191insidertradingpolic.htm EX-19.1 ex191insidertradingpolic

VOLATO GROUP, INC. INSIDER TRADING POLICY (Adopted by the Board of Directors on December 1, 2023. Effective at the Merger Effective Time associated with the Company’s business combination.) A. POLICY OVERVIEW Volato Group, Inc. (together, with its subsidiaries, collectively the “Company”) has adopted this Insider Trading Policy (the “Policy”) to enable Company employees and service providers to comply with the federal and state securities laws and regulations that govern trading in securities, thereby minimizing the Company’s legal and reputational risk. It is every employee’s responsibility to understand and comply with this Policy. Insider trading is not only a violation of this Policy, but insider trading is also illegal and can subject violators to civil and criminal penalties. In addition to individual liability for insider trading, the Company, as well as individual directors, officers, and other supervisory personnel could face liability. Even the appearance of insider trading activity can result in government investigations or lawsuits that are time-consuming and expensive. Insider trading can lead to criminal and civil liability, including damages and fines, imprisonment, and prohibitions on serving as an officer or director of a public company. For purposes of this Policy, the Company’s General Counsel serves as the Compliance Officer. The Compliance Officer may designate others from time to time, including outside counsel, to assist with the execution of the Compliance Officer’s duties under this Policy. B. POLICY STATEMENT 1. No Trading on Material Non-public Information. It is illegal for anyone to trade in securities using material non-public information in doing so. If you are in possession of material non-public information about the Company, then you are prohibited from: a. using that information to trade in the securities of the Company; b. disclosing that information to directors, officers, employees, consultants, contractors, agents, or service providers whose roles do not require them to have that information; c. disclosing that information to any person outside of the Company, including family members, friends, business associates, investors, and consulting firms, without prior written authorization from the Compliance Officer; and d. using that information to express an opinion or make a recommendation about trading in the Company’s securities. In addition, material non-public information about another company that you come into possession of through your role at the Company is subject to these same restrictions about disclosure and trading. If you are in possession of material non-public information about a Company’s supplier, customer, or competitor, then you cannot use that information to trade securities. Such actions are a violation of this Policy. 2. No Disclosure of Confidential Information. You may not disclose material non-public information about the Company or about another company that you obtained in connection with your role DocuSign Envelope ID: A2670512-3F06-4B6D-9A12-51A631532078

- 2 - in the Company to friends, family members, or any other person or entity the Company has not authorized to know such information. In addition, you must treat the confidential information of third parties in accordance with related non-disclosure agreements or other obligations the Company has with these third parties and limit your use of the confidential information to the purpose for which it was disclosed. If you receive an inquiry for information from a person outside of the Company, such as a stock analyst, or a request for sensitive information outside the ordinary course of business from a person outside of the Company, such as a business associate, vendor, supplier, or salesperson, then you should refer the inquiry to the Chief Executive Officer. Responding to a request yourself can violate this Policy and, in some circumstances, federal or state law. 3. Definition of Material Non-public Information. “Material information” means information that a reasonable investor would be likely to consider as substantially important in deciding whether to buy, hold, or sell the Company’s traded securities, or consider as significantly altering the total mix of information available in the marketplace about the Company. In general, any information that could reasonably be expected to affect the market price of a traded security is likely to be material. Material information can be either positive or negative about the Company. Although it is not possible to define every category of material information, some examples of information that could be regarded as material include, but are not limited to: a. financial results, key metrics, financial condition, pre-announcements of earnings, and projections or forecasts, particularly if such information is inconsistent with the Company’s projections or forecasts or the expectations of the investment community; b. restatements of financial results, material impairments, write-offs, or restructurings; c. a change in the Company’s independent auditors; d. notification that the Company is no longer relying on an audit report; e. business plans and budgets; f. creation of a significant financial obligation, a default of a significant financial obligation, or acceleration of a significant financial obligation; g. impending bankruptcy or financial liquidity problems; h. a significant development involving a business relationship, including the execution, modification, or termination of a significant agreement or order with a customer, supplier, vendor, distributor, manufacturer, or business partner; i. significant information relating to Company products, such as a new product, a major modification or performance issue, a defect or recall, a significant pricing change, or other announcement of a significant nature; j. a significant development in research and development; k. a significant development relating to the Company’s intellectual property; DocuSign Envelope ID: A2670512-3F06-4B6D-9A12-51A631532078

- 3 - l. a significant legal or regulatory development, whether positive or negative, actual or threatened, including new, pending, or settled litigation; m. a major event involving the Company’s securities, including calls of securities for redemption, adoption of a stock repurchase program, option re-pricings, stock splits, changes in dividend policy, public or private securities offerings, a modification to the rights of security holders, or a notice of delisting; n. a significant corporate event, such as a pending or proposed merger, joint venture, or tender offer; o. a significant investment in the Company; p. the acquisition or disposition of a significant asset; q. a change in control of the Company; r. a significant personnel change, such as a change in senior management or an employee lay-off; s. a data breach or other cybersecurity event; t. an update regarding a prior material disclosure that has materially changed; and u. the existence of a special blackout period. “Material non-public information” means material information not generally known or made available to the public. Even when information is widely known throughout the Company, the information can still be non-public. Generally, for information to be considered public, it must be made generally available through news media outlets or through a filing with a state or federal agency. After the disclosure of information, a reasonable period of time must elapse to provide the general public an opportunity to obtain and evaluate the information disclosed. Company policy is that two full trading days must pass after the disclosure of information before the information is considered public. For the sake of caution, however, if you believe information might be material non-public information, then you should treat it as such. Furthermore, you can always consult with the Compliance Officer if you have a question about the status of Company information. C. PERSONS COVERED BY THIS POLICY This Policy applies to directors, officers, employees, consultants, contractors, agents, or service providers (for example, auditors and attorneys), both inside and outside of the United States. To the extent this Policy is applicable to you, it also covers: (a) your immediate family members; (b) persons with whom you share a household; (c) persons who are your economic dependents; and (d) an entity whose trading in securities you influence, direct, or control. You are legally responsible for making sure these individuals and entities comply with this Policy. This Policy continues to apply after you leave the Company or are no longer affiliated with or providing services to the Company, for as long as you remain in possession of material non-public information. In addition, if you are subject to a trading blackout under this Policy at the time you leave the DocuSign Envelope ID: A2670512-3F06-4B6D-9A12-51A631532078

- 4 - Company, then you must abide by the applicable trading restrictions until the end of the relevant blackout period. D. TRADING COVERED BY THIS POLICY Except as discussed in Section H, below (Exceptions to Trading Restrictions), this Policy applies to transactions involving the Company’s securities or the securities of other companies for which you possess material non-public information obtained in connection with your service with the Company. This Policy therefore applies to: 1. the purchase, sale, loan, or other transfer or disposition of equity securities (including common stock, options, restricted stock units, warrants, and preferred stock) and debt securities (including debentures, bonds, and notes) of the Company and such other companies, whether direct or indirect (including transactions made on your behalf by money managers); 2. arrangements that generate gains or losses from or based on changes in the prices of such securities, including derivative securities (for example, exchange-traded put or call options, swaps, caps, and collars), hedging and pledging transactions, short sales, and certain arrangements regarding participation in benefit plans; and 3. an offer to engage in the transactions described above. There are no exceptions to insider trading laws or to this Policy based on the size of the transaction or the type of consideration received. E. TRADING RESTRICTIONS Subject to the exceptions set forth below, this Policy restricts trading during certain periods and by certain individual as follows: 1. Quarterly Blackout Periods. Except as discussed in Section H, below (Exceptions to Trading Restrictions), directors, officers, and employees must refrain from conducting transactions involving the Company’s securities during quarterly blackout periods. Individuals subject to quarterly blackout periods are listed on Schedule I, which is maintained and updated by the Compliance Officer. To the extent applicable to you, quarterly blackout periods also apply to your immediate family members, persons with whom you share a household, persons who are your economic dependents, and an entity whose trading in securities you influence, direct, or control. Even if you are not specifically identified as being subject to a quarterly blackout period, you should exercise caution when engaging in trading during a quarterly blackout period because of the heightened risk of insider trading exposure. A quarterly blackout period begins on the last day of the third month of each fiscal quarter and will end at the beginning of the third full trading day following the Company’s quarterly earnings release. The prohibition against trading during a quarterly blackout period also means that brokers cannot fulfill open orders on your behalf or on behalf of your immediate family members, persons with whom you share a household, persons who are your economic dependents, or an entity whose trading in securities you influence, direct, or control, during the blackout period, including “limit orders” to buy or sell stock at a specified price or better and “stop orders” to buy or sell stock after the price of the stock reaches a specified price. If you are subject to a quarterly blackout period or pre-clearance requirements, then you should so inform any broker with whom such an open order is placed at the time it is placed. DocuSign Envelope ID: A2670512-3F06-4B6D-9A12-51A631532078

- 5 - From time to time, the Company may identify other persons who should be subject to quarterly blackout periods and the Compliance Officer will update and revise Schedule I accordingly. 2. Special Blackout Periods. The Company retains the right to impose additional or longer trading blackout periods at any time on its directors, officers, employees, consultants, advisors, contractors, agents, and service providers. The Compliance Officer will notify you if you are subject to a special blackout period by providing to you a notice substantially in the form of Exhibit B. If you are notified that you are subject to a special blackout period, then you cannot engage in a transaction of the Company’s securities until the special blackout period has ended other than the transactions covered by the exceptions below. You also cannot disclose to anyone else that the Company has imposed a special blackout period. To the extent it is applicable to you, a special blackout period also covers your immediate family members, persons with whom you share a household, persons who are your economic dependents, and an entity whose trading in securities you influence, direct, or control. 3. Regulation BTR Blackouts. Directors and officers also can be subject to trading blackouts pursuant to Regulation Blackout Trading Restriction (or Regulation BTR), under the U.S. securities laws. In general, Regulation BTR prohibits a director or officer from engaging in certain transactions involving Company securities during periods when 401(k) plan participants are prevented from purchasing, selling, or otherwise acquiring or transferring an interest in certain securities held in individual account plans. Profits from a transaction in violation of Regulation BTR are recoverable by the Company, regardless of the intentions of the director or officer who initiated the transaction. In addition, an individual who engages in such a transaction is subject to sanctions by the SEC, as well as potential criminal liability. The Company will notify directors and officers when they are subject to a blackout trading restriction. Failure to comply with a trading blackout in accordance with Regulation BTR is a violation of law and this Policy. F. PROHIBITED TRANSACTIONS You may not engage in any of the following types of transactions, other than as noted below, regardless of whether you are in possession of material non-public information or not. 1. Short Sales. You may not engage in short sales (meaning the sale of a security that must be borrowed to make delivery) or “sell short against the box” (meaning the sale of a security with a delayed delivery) if such sales involve the Company’s securities. 2. Derivative Securities and Hedging Transactions. You may not, directly or indirectly: (a) trade in publicly-traded options, such as puts and calls, and other derivative securities with respect to the Company’s securities (other than stock options, restricted stock units, and other compensatory awards issued to you by the Company); or (b) purchase financial instruments (including prepaid variable forward contracts, equity swaps, collars, and exchange funds), or otherwise engage in transactions, that hedge or offset, or are designed to hedge or offset, any decrease in the market value of equity securities either granted to you by the Company as part of your compensation or held, directly or indirectly, by you. 3. Pledging Transactions. You may not pledge the Company’s securities as collateral for any loan or as part of any other pledging transaction. 4. Margin Accounts. You may not hold the Company’s common stock in margin accounts. G. PRE-CLEARANCE OF TRADES The Company’s directors, officers, and individuals identified on Schedule I as being subject to pre- clearance requirements must obtain pre-clearance prior to trading in the Company’s securities. If you are DocuSign Envelope ID: A2670512-3F06-4B6D-9A12-51A631532078

- 6 - subject to pre-clearance requirements, then you should submit a pre-clearance request in the form attached as Exhibit A to the Compliance Officer at least two trading days prior to your desired trade date. The individual requesting pre-clearance will be asked to certify that he or she is not in possession of material non-public information. The Compliance Officer is not obligated to approve a transaction submitted for pre-clearance and may determine to not permit the transaction. If the Compliance Officer is the requester, then the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, or their delegate, must pre-clear or deny any trade. Trades must be executed within two trading days of receiving a pre-clearance. Even after receiving a pre-clearance, the Company’s securities may not be traded if they become subject to a blackout period or the recipient of the pre-clearance becomes aware of material non-public information prior to the trade being executed. From time to time, the Company may identify other individuals who should be subject to these pre- clearance requirements, and the Compliance Officer will update and revise Schedule I accordingly. H. EXCEPTIONS TO TRADING RESTRICTIONS There are no unconditional “safe harbors” for trades made at particular times, and persons subject to this Policy should exercise good judgment at all times. Even when a quarterly blackout period is not in effect, you may be prohibited from engaging in a transaction involving the Company’s securities because you possess material non-public information, are subject to a special blackout period, or are otherwise restricted under this Policy. The following are certain limited exceptions to the blackout period restrictions imposed by the Company: 1. stock option exercises where the purchase of stock options is paid in cash and shares continue to be held by the option holder after the exercise is finalized; 2. receipt and vesting of stock options, RSUs, restricted stock, or other equity compensation awards; 3. purchases from the employee stock purchase plan; however, this exception does not apply to subsequent sales of the shares; 4. net share withholding of equity awards where shares are withheld by the Company to satisfy tax withholding requirements, as long as the election is irrevocable and made in writing at a time when a trading blackout is not in place and you are not in possession of material non-public information; 5. sell-to-cover transactions, to the extent approved and implemented by the Company, where shares are withheld by the Company on vesting of equity awards and sold in order to satisfy tax withholding requirements; however, this exception does not apply to any other market sale for the purposes of paying required withholding; 6. trades made pursuant to a Company-approved 10b5-1 trading plan (see below); 7. purchases of Company stock in its 401(k) plan resulting from periodic contributions to the plan based on payroll contribution election; provided, however, trading restrictions do apply to elections made under the 401(k) plan to: (a) increase or decrease the percentage of contributions that will be allocated to a DocuSign Envelope ID: A2670512-3F06-4B6D-9A12-51A631532078

- 7 - Company stock fund; (b) move balances into or out of a Company stock fund; (c) borrow money against a 401(k) plan account if the loan will result in liquidation of some or all of Company stock fund balance; and (d) prepay a plan loan if the pre-payment will result in the allocation of loan proceeds to a Company stock fund; 8. changes in form of ownership; for example, a transfer from individual ownership to a trust for which you are the trustee; 9. bona fide gifts of the Company’s securities or transfers by will or by the laws of descent and distribution; however, the trading restrictions do apply to subsequent trading of such securities if the donee is a related party of the donor; and 10. changes in the number of the Company’s securities held due to a stock split or a stock dividend that applies equally to all securities of a class. Even if a transaction is subject to an exception to this Policy, you will need to separately assess whether the transaction complies with applicable law. In addition, the limited exceptions in this Section H are not exceptions to the pre-clearance requirements of this Policy; therefore, if you are subject to the pre- clearance requirements of this Policy, then you must pre-clear these transactions with the Compliance Officer. Other Policy exceptions must be approved by the Compliance Officer, in consultation with the Company’s Audit Committee. I. 10B5-1 TRADING PLANS The Company permits its directors, officers, and employees to adopt a written 10b5-1 trading plan to mitigate the risk of trading on material non-public information. This plan allows for individuals to enter a prearranged trading plan as long as the plan is not established, modified, or terminated during a blackout period or when the individual is otherwise in possession of material non-public information. To be approved by the Company and qualify for the exception to this Policy, a 10b5-1 trading plan adopted by a director, officer, or employee must comply with the requirements set forth in the Requirements for Trading Plans attached as Exhibit C. J. SECTION 16 COMPLIANCE The Company’s officers and directors and certain other individuals are required to comply with Section 16 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and related rules and regulations that set forth reporting obligations, limitations on “short swing” transactions, that are certain matching purchases and sales of the Company’s securities within a six-month period, and limitations on short sales. To ensure a transaction subject to Section 16 requirements is reported on time, each individual subject to these requirements must provide the Company with detailed information (for example, trade date, number of shares, price) about the transaction involving the Company’s securities. Although the Company will assist in filing a Section 16 report, the obligation to comply with Section 16 is personal; therefore, if you have questions, then you should consult the Compliance Officer. K. VIOLATIONS OF THIS POLICY Directors, officers, employees, consultants, advisors, contractors, agents, and service providers who violate this Policy will be subject to disciplinary action, including ineligibility for future Company equity or incentive programs or termination of employment or an ongoing relationship with the Company. The Company has discretion to determine whether this Policy is violated based on available information. DocuSign Envelope ID: A2670512-3F06-4B6D-9A12-51A631532078

- 8 - There are serious legal consequences for individuals who violate insider trading laws, including civil fines, criminal penalties such as imprisonment, and disgorgement of profits made or losses avoided. You can also be liable for improper securities trading by an individual to whom you disclose material non- public information that you learn through your role at the Company or made recommendations or expressed opinions about securities trading on the basis of such information. Consult with your personal legal and financial advisors as needed. Note that the Company’s General Counsel represents the Company and not you personally. There can be instances where you suffer financial harm or other hardship or are otherwise required to forego a planned transaction because of the restrictions imposed by this Policy or securities laws. If you were aware of the material non-public information at the time of the trade, then it is not a defense that you did not “use” the information for the trade. Personal financial emergency or other personal circumstances are not mitigating factors under securities laws and will not excuse your failure to comply with this Policy. In addition, a blackout or trading-restricted period will not extend the term of your options. As a consequence, you can be prevented from exercising your options or as a result of a blackout or other restriction on your trading, and as a result your options might expire by their term. It is your responsibility to manage your economic interests and to consider potential trading restrictions when determining whether to exercise your options. In such instances, the Company cannot extend the term of your options and has no obligation or liability to replace the economic value or lost benefit to you. L. PROTECTED ACTIVITY NOT PROHIBITED Nothing in this Policy or any related guidelines or other documents or information provided in connection with this Policy will in any way limit or prohibit you from engaging in the protected activities set forth in the Company’s Whistleblower Policy, as amended from time to time. M. REPORTING If you believe another individual is violating this Policy or is otherwise using material non-public information they learned through their role at the Company to trade securities, then you should report it to the Compliance Officer. N. AMENDMENTS The Company reserves the right to amend this Policy at any time, for any reason, subject to applicable laws, rules, and regulations, and with or without notice, although the Company will attempt to provide notice in advance of an amendment. Unless otherwise permitted by this Policy, an amendment must be approved by the Company’s Board of Directors. Effective Date: December 1, 2023 DocuSign Envelope ID: A2670512-3F06-4B6D-9A12-51A631532078

Exhibit A SCHEDULE I INDIVIDUALS SUBJECT TO QUARTERLY BLACKOUT PERIODS, PRE-CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS, AND SECTION 16 REPORTING AND LIABILITY PROVISIONS 1. CURRENT DIRECTORS Subject to Quarterly Blackout? Yes Subject to Pre-Clearance Requirements? Yes Subject to Section 16? Yes 2. CURRENT OFFICERS (including officers who are also directors) Subject to Quarterly Blackout? Yes Subject to Pre-Clearance Requirements? Yes Subject to Section 16? Yes 3. OTHERS (Company employees) Subject to Quarterly Blackout? Yes DocuSign Envelope ID: A2670512-3F06-4B6D-9A12-51A631532078

EXHIBIT A PRE-CLEARANCE CHECKLIST Person proposing to trade: Proposed trade (type and amount): Manner of trade: Proposed trade date: Affiliate of the Company: Yes No No blackout period. The proposed trade will not be made during a quarterly or special blackout period. No pension fund blackout under Regulation BTR.* There is no pension fund blackout period in effect. No prohibition under Insider Trading Policy. The person confirmed that the proposed transaction is not prohibited under the Insider Trading Policy. Section 16 compliance.* The person confirmed that the proposed trade will not give rise to potential liability under Section 16 as a result of matched past (or intended future) transactions. Form 4 filing.* A Form 4 has been or will be completed and will be timely filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), if applicable. Rule 144 compliance (Response required only from affiliates of the Company). The “current public information” requirement has been met (i.e., 10-Ks, 10-Qs and other relevant reports during the last 12 months have been filed); The shares that the person proposes to trade are not restricted or, if restricted, the applicable holding period has been met; Volume limitations (greater of 1% of outstanding securities of the same class or the average weekly trading volume during the last four weeks) are not exceeded, and the person is not part of an aggregated group; The manner of sale requirements will be met (a “brokers’ transaction” or directly with a market maker or a “riskless principal transaction”); and A Form 144, if applicable, has been completed and will be timely filed with the SEC and the relevant national securities exchange. Rule 10b-5 concerns. The person has been reminded that trading is prohibited when in possession of any material nonpublic information regarding the Company that has not been adequately disclosed to the public. The individual has discussed with the Compliance Officer information known to the individual or the Compliance Officer that the individual believes may be material. * Applies if the individual is a director or an officer subject to Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Date: (Signature of Compliance Officer) (Print name of Compliance Officer) I am not aware of material nonpublic information regarding the Company. I am not trading on the basis of material nonpublic information. The transaction is in accordance with the Insider Trading Policy and applicable law. I intend to comply with applicable reporting and disclosure requirements on a timely basis. I understand that I must execute the trade DocuSign Envelope ID: A2670512-3F06-4B6D-9A12-51A631532078

by the end of the second trading day after the date on which the trade is cleared by the Compliance Officer. I understand that by signing below, I am not obligated to execute the trade. (Signature of person proposing to trade) DocuSign Envelope ID: A2670512-3F06-4B6D-9A12-51A631532078

Exhibit B EXHIBIT B FORM OF SPECIAL BLACKOUT NOTICE [ON VOLATO GROUP, INC., LETTERHEAD] [Date] CONFIDENTIAL COMMUNICATION Dear [Insert Name]: Volato Group, Inc. (the “Company”), has imposed a special blackout period in accordance with the terms of the Company’s Insider Trading Policy (the “Policy”). Pursuant to the Policy, and subject to the exceptions stated in the Policy, you may not engage in any transaction involving the securities of the Company until you receive official notice that the special blackout period is no longer in effect. You may not disclose to others the fact that a special blackout period has been imposed. In addition, you should take care to handle any confidential information in your possession in accordance with the Company’s policies. If you have questions, then please contact me, Jennifer Liotta, General Counsel, at jennifer.liotta@flyvolato.com. Sincerely, Compliance Officer DocuSign Envelope ID: A2670512-3F06-4B6D-9A12-51A631532078

EXHIBIT C REQUIREMENTS FOR TRADING PLANS For transactions under a trading plan to be exempt from the prohibitions in the Insider Trading Policy (the “Policy”) of Volato Group, Inc. (together with any subsidiaries, collectively the “Company”) with respect to transactions made while aware of material non-public information and the pre-clearance procedures and blackout periods established under the Policy, the trading plan must comply with the affirmative defense set forth in Exchange Act Rule 10b5-1 and must meet the following requirements: 1. The trading plan must be in writing and signed by the person adopting the trading plan. 2. The trading plan must be adopted at a time when: a. the person adopting the trading plan is not aware of any material nonpublic information; and b. there is no quarterly, special or other trading blackout in effect with respect to the person adopting the plan. 3. The trading plan (i) specifies the amount of securities to be purchased or sold and the price at which and the date on which the securities are to be purchased or sold; (ii) includes a written formula or algorithm, or computer program, for determining the amount of securities to be purchased or sold and the price at which and the date on which the securities are to be purchased or sold; or (iii) does not permit the person to exercise any subsequent influence over how, when, or whether to effect purchases or sales; provided, in addition, that any other person who, pursuant to the contract, instruction, or plan, did exercise such influence must not have been aware of the material nonpublic information when doing so. 4. The trading plan must be entered in good faith and not as part of a plan or scheme to evade the prohibitions of Rule 10b5-1, and the individual entering into the trading plan acts in good faith with respect to the trading plan (e.g., efforts to direct the activities of others). 5. The individual adopting the trading plan may not have entered or altered a corresponding or hedging transaction or position with respect to the securities subject to the trading plan and must agree not to enter into such transaction while the trading plan is in effect. 6. If the individual entering into a trading plan is a director or Section 16 officer (as defined in Section 16 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), then no purchases or sales may occur until expiration of a cooling-off period consisting of the later of (i) ninety (90) days after the adoption of the trading plan or (ii) two (2) business days following the disclosure of the Company’s financial results in a Form 10-Q or Form 10-K for the completed fiscal quarter in which the trading plan was adopted; provided, however, that, in no event shall the cooling-off period exceed one-hundred and twenty (120) days. If the individual entering into a trading plan is not a director or Section 16 officer, no purchases or sales may occur until the expiration of a cooling-off period that is thirty (30) days after the adoption of the trading plan. 7. If the individual entering into a trading plan is a director or Section 16 officer, such director or officer must include a representation in the trading plan certifying that, on the date of adoption of the plan: (i) the individual director or officer is not aware of any material nonpublic information about the security or Company; and (ii) the individual director or officer is adopting the plan in good faith and not as part of a plan or scheme to evade the prohibitions of Rule 10b5-1. 8. The individual entering into the trading plan may not have any other outstanding trading plans that qualify for the affirmative defense under Rule 10b5-1. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, the individual entering into a trading plan may (i) have multiple outstanding trading plans with multiple DocuSign Envelope ID: A2670512-3F06-4B6D-9A12-51A631532078

brokers, so long as the contracts with each broker-dealer (taken together as a whole) meet all of the applicable conditions of Rule 10b5-1; (ii) maintain two trading plans simultaneously so long as trading under the later commencing plan cannot begin until all trades under the earlier plan are completed or expire without execution (subject to the cooling-off periods described above); (iii) have multiple trading plans if one of the plans, as noted in such plan, provides for an eligible sell-to-cover transaction. If the trading plan does not provide for an eligible sell-to-cover transaction, then each outstanding plan must qualify for the affirmative defense under Rule 10b5-1. 9. The trading plan must have a minimum term of one year (starting from when trades may first occur in accordance with these requirements). 10. Transactions during the term of the trading plan (except for the “Exceptions to Trading Restrictions” identified in the Policy) must be conducted through the trading plan. 11. Regarding modifications: a. The trading plan may only be modified when the person modifying the trading plan is not aware of material nonpublic information. b. The trading plan may only be modified when there is no quarterly, special or other blackout in effect with respect to the person modifying the plan. c. The modified trading plan must have a minimum duration of one year from the time when trades may first occur under the modified plan in accordance with these requirements. d. Any modification or change to the amount, price or timing of the purchase or sale of the securities underlying the trading plan is treated as a termination of such trading plan. 12. Within the one year preceding the modification or adoption of a trading plan, a person may not have otherwise modified or adopted a plan more than once. 13. If the person that adopted the trading plan terminates the plan prior to its stated duration, he or she may not trade in the Company’s securities until after the later of (a) the completion of the next quarterly blackout period after termination (or, if the plan is terminated during a quarterly blackout period, the end of that blackout period) and (b) 30 calendar days after termination. 14. The Company must be promptly notified of a modification or termination of the trading plan, including any suspension of trading under the plan. 15. The Company must have authority to require the suspension or cancellation of the trading plan at any time. 16. If the trading plan grants discretion to a stockbroker or other person with respect to the execution of trades under the plan: a. trades made under the trading plan must be executed by someone other than the stockbroker or other person that executes trades in other securities for the person adopting the trading plan; b. the person adopting the trading plan may not confer with the person administering the trading plan regarding the Company or its securities; and DocuSign Envelope ID: A2670512-3F06-4B6D-9A12-51A631532078

c. the person administering the trading plan must provide prompt notice to the Company of the execution of a transaction pursuant to the plan. 17. Transactions under the trading plan must be in accordance with applicable law. 18. The trading plan (including a modified trading plan) must meet such other requirements as the Compliance Officer may determine. 19. The trading plan must be submitted to the Company’s Compliance Officer for approval [five days] prior to the entry into the trading plan with an executed certificate stating that the trading plan complies with Rule 10b5-1 and the criteria set forth above. DocuSign Envelope ID: A2670512-3F06-4B6D-9A12-51A631532078

EX-21.1 6 ex211formlistofsubsidiaries.htm EX-21.1 Document

Exhibit 21.1

LIST OF SUBSIDIARIES OF VOLATO GROUP, INC.


Subsidiary									Jurisdiction of Incorporation
Volato, Inc. (Legacy Volato)									Georgia
Gulf Coast Aviation, Inc.									Texas
G C Aviation, Inc. d/b/a Volato									Texas
Fly Vaunt, LLC									Georgia

EX-23.1 7 ex231consentfors8in20250331.htm EX-23.1 Document

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement of Volato Group, Inc. on Form S-8 No. 333-276874 of our report dated March 31, 2025 with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Volato Group, Inc. as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and for the years then ended, appearing in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. Our report relating to the consolidated financial statements included an explanatory paragraph regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Rose, Snyder & Jacobs LLP

Encino, California

March 31, 2025

EX-31.1 8 soar-20241231xexx311.htm EX-31.1 Document

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Matt Liotta, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-K of Volato Group, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


/s/ Matt Liotta
Matt Liotta
Chief Executive Officer

March 31, 2025

EX-31.2 9 soar-20241231xexx312.htm EX-31.2 Document

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Mark Heinen, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-K of Volato Group, Inc.;

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


/s/ Mark Heinen
Mark Heinen
Chief Financial Officer

March 31, 2025

EX-32.1 10 soar-20241231xexx321.htm EX-32.1 Document

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

(18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350)

In connection with the Annual Report of Volato Group, Inc., a Georgia corporation (the “Company”), on Form 10-K for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), Matt Liotta, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, does hereby certify, pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. § 1350), that to his knowledge:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


/s/ Matt Liotta
Matt Liotta
Chief Executive Officer

March 31, 2025

EX-32.2 11 soar-20241231xexx322.htm EX-32.2 Document

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

(18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350)

In connection with the Annual Report of Volato Group, Inc., a Georgia corporation (the “Company”), on Form 10-K for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), Mark Heinen, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, does hereby certify, pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. § 1350), that to his knowledge:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


/s/ Mark Heinen
Mark Heinen
Chief Financial Officer

March 31, 2025