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Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.   Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ¨  No  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).   Yes  x   No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐   No  x

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of August 2, 2024, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was approximately $16.9 billion based upon the closing price reported for such date by the New York Stock Exchange. Shares of the registrant’s Class A common stock held by each executive officer, director and holder of 10% or more of the outstanding Class A common stock have been excluded from this calculation because such persons may be deemed affiliates. This determination of executive officer or affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for any other purpose.

As of March 19, 2025, the registrant had 326,022,514 shares of Class A common stock outstanding.

Portions of the registrant’s proxy statement for its 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K where indicated. Such proxy statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the registrant’s fiscal year ended February 2, 2025.

 

						Page
Note About Forward-Looking Statements						2
PART I
Item 1.			Business			3
Item 1A.			Risk Factors			14
Item 1B.			Unresolved Staff Comments			34
Item 1C.			Cybersecurity			34
Item 2.			Properties			36
Item 3.			Legal Proceedings			36
Item 4.			Mine Safety Disclosures			36
PART II
Item 5.			Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities			37
Item 6.			[Reserved]			39
Item 7.			Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			40
Item 7A.			Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk			51
Item 8.			Financial Statements and Supplementary Data			52
Item 9.			Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure			89
Item 9A.			Controls and Procedures			89
Item 9B.			Other Information			90
Item 9C.			Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections			90
PART III
Item 10.			Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance			91
Item 11.			Executive Compensation			91
Item 12.			Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters			91
Item 13.			Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence			91
Item 14.			Principal Accounting Fees and Services			92
PART IV
Item 15.			Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules			93
Item 16.			Form 10-K Summary			95
Signatures						96

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), about us and our industry that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this report, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial condition, business strategy and plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. In some cases, forward-looking statements may be identified by words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “design,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potentially,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “will” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions.

Forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K include, but are not limited to, statements regarding macroeconomic conditions, including, among other issues, inflation, interest rates, and a slowdown in demand, our ability to sustain or manage our profitability and growth, our expectations regarding demand for our products and subscription services, including Evergreen//One, trends in the external storage market, our ability to expand market share, our expectations that sales prices may decrease or fluctuate over time, our plans to expand and continue to invest internationally, our plans to continue investing in marketing, sales, support and research and development, our shift to subscription services, including as-a-Service offerings, our expectations regarding fluctuations in our revenue and operating results, including the timing and magnitude of sales in connection with our design win announcement with a hyperscaler, our expectations that we may continue to experience losses despite revenue growth, our ability to successfully attract, motivate, and retain qualified personnel and maintain our culture, our expectations regarding our technological leadership and market opportunity, including our ability to meet hyperscalers’ performance and price requirements, our ability to realize benefits from our acquisitions and investments, our ability to innovate and introduce new or enhanced products, our expectations regarding technology and product strategy and technology differentiation, specifically our sustainability goals, our customer priorities around sustainability, and the environmental and energy saving benefits to our customers of using our products, our competitive position and the effects of competition and industry dynamics, including alternative offerings from incumbent, emerging and public cloud vendors, the potential disruptions to our contract manufacturers or supply chain, our expectations about the impact of, and trends relating to, component pricing, our expectations concerning relationships with third parties, including our partners, customers, suppliers, and contract manufacturers, the adequacy of our intellectual property rights, expectations concerning potential legal proceedings and related costs, and the impact of adverse economic conditions on our business, operating results, cash flows and/or financial condition.

We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including risks described in the section titled “Risk Factors.” These risks are not exhaustive. Other sections of this report include additional factors that could harm our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for our management to predict all risk factors nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ from those contained in, or implied by, any forward-looking statements.

Investors should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We cannot assure investors that the events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this report or to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations. Investors should read this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the documents that we reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and have filed as exhibits to this report with the understanding that our actual future results, levels of activity, performance and achievements may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

 

Data is foundational to our customers’ business transformation, and we are focused on delivering an innovative and disruptive data storage platform that enables customers to maximize the value of their data.

We are a global leader in data management and storage with a mission to redefine the data experience by simplifying how people manage, consume, and interact with data. Our vision of an all-flash data center integrates our foundation of simplicity and reliability with four major market trends that are impacting all organizations large and small: (1) the shift to modernizing today's data infrastructure with all-flash; (2) the increase of modern cloud-native applications; (3) increasing demand to consume data storage as a service; and (4) increasing demand for data storage to support the acceleration in artificial intelligence (AI) adoption while managing rising energy costs.

Our data storage platform (Pure Platform) supporting structured and unstructured data, at scale, and across any data workloads, on premises, in the cloud, and hosted environments, makes it possible for customers to construct their Enterprise Data Clouds (EDC). EDC allows customers to serve a variety of data workloads including mission-critical production, test and development, analytics, disaster recovery, backup and restore, AI, and machine learning (ML) with a single consistent, highly automated and agile cloud operating model.

Our four strategic growth pillars, driven by the above four market trends, are as follows:

1.Expand All-Flash into new use cases served by disk today

We pioneered the use of solid-state, All-Flash technology in enterprise storage with a clean-slate approach to building Flash-based systems and have continued to expand our leadership position and technology differentiation across our tightly integrated software and hardware.

We continue to drive industry disruption by further expanding flash into historical disk use cases, leveraging our flash software leadership, currently with quad-level cell (QLC) flash. We see a tremendous growth opportunity as flash economics coupled with the growth in unstructured data disrupt the current hybrid and mechanical disk market. For instance, our //E family of products delivers flash reliability and efficiency at prices now comparable to traditional hard disk systems.

In December 2024, we announced an industry-first design win with Meta to provide flash for its storage infrastructure. Meta’s use of our Purity software and integrated DirectFlash hardware technology is expected to free up significant amounts of power and space in its data centers, significantly reduce failure rates and maintenance costs associated with legacy disk storage—while doubling the expected lifetime of their storage infrastructure. This achievement represents the vanguard for flash storage providing all online storage in major hyperscale environments in the future.

Our extended advantage stems from three technology differentiators: Our leadership with direct-to-NAND software, our integrated hardware/software direct flash modules, and our advanced flash management capabilities. Because our highly sophisticated flash management software requires less NAND, we drive significant efficiency advantages over solid-state drives (SSDs) by eliminating over-provisioning, extending endurance, requiring far less common equipment and reducing environmental impact.

In close collaboration with key QLC flash partners, we continue to drive our density roadmap for DirectFlash, and in 2024, we released our 150 terabyte (TB) DirectFlash Module (DFM), marking a five-fold increase in capacity over standard hard drives and two-and-a-half increase over the largest SSDs. We are on track to deliver a 300TB DFM in late 2025. Our increasing density roadmap for DirectFlash also substantially expands our cost and power efficiency advantages when compared to both disk and SSDs.

2.Deliver hybrid cloud architecture and data services for modern applications

We continue to extend our leadership position in delivering the cloud operating model and enabling cloud-native applications. We empower our customers to run and operate storage as-a-service, for both traditional and modern applications.

Our next-generation version of Pure FusionTM v2 transforms traditional legacy enterprise data storage architectures by virtualizing data management and storage into a unified, cloud-like experience. This will enable customers to store, manage, protect and access their data seamlessly across on premises, cloud and hosted environments. The result is fully automated workflows that consistently manages enterprise data.

Our Portworx software solution is the leader in the enterprise Kubernetes/container data space, providing customers a secure solution for both their primary container storage needs, as well as their critical data workflows like backup, disaster recovery and migration. Portworx, along with Cloud Block Store, allows us to help customers operationalize their hybrid-cloud environment by enabling them to run and deploy both traditional and cloud-native apps on-premise, in-cloud, and across multiple clouds with the same process and operations.

3.Grow our subscription services business and drive differentiation with as-a-Service and Cloud operating model

We are leading in the storage as-a-service market with a robust set of service level agreements (SLAs) and guarantees in the industry, bringing the benefits of the cloud operating model to on-premises data storage. Our subscription offering, Evergreen//One, delivers outcome-oriented SLAs across every key dimension of the experience - capacity, performance, efficiency, availability, durability and more - all made possible by our differentiated Evergreen architecture and DirectFlash technology. Our add-on portfolio of advanced SLAs goes even further, offering unique value-added guarantees to address specific customer needs, such as a guaranteed recovery time SLA with our Cyber Recover and Resilience Add-On. We are focused on providing these services through our technology rather than merely creating a financial and professional services construct.

4.Expand our AI portfolio into the most demanding speciality Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) clouds and High-Performance Computing (HPC) environments

Our AI portfolio is built to accelerate innovation, delivering exceptional performance and efficiency for enterprises of all sizes with FlashBlade//S, while also powering some of the world's largest hyperscalers through our advanced Purity and DirectFlash technologies. In March 2025, we further expanded our portfolio with the introduction of FlashBlade//EXA, the industry's most powerful storage platform, to empower the most demanding specialty GPU clouds and HPC environments. Featuring a purpose-built, massively parallel architecture that independently scales both data and metadata, FlashBlade//EXA delivers industry-leading performance, scalability, and adaptability. FlashBlade//EXA is expected to be generally available in mid fiscal 2026. Further information can be found on our website pure.ai.

Legacy data storage management has long been fragmented and siloed, manually managed by disparate teams and tools, leading to increased risk and cyber vulnerabilities, rising costs from inefficient utilization and data sprawl, and reduced reliability with more frequent business disruptions. We have reimagined enterprise storage by delivering unmatched simplicity, efficiency, and always-on reliability, with zero planned downtime or disruption. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025, we took this experience to the next level with Pure FusionTM v2, our next-generation version of Pure Fusion, transforming traditional legacy enterprise data storage architectures by virtualizing data management and storage into a unified, cloud-like experience.

Delivered as a non-disruptive software upgrade, Pure FusionTM v2 empowers customers to create their own EDC, a highly intelligent and autonomous environment that enables customers to store, manage, protect and access their data seamlessly across on premises, cloud and hosted environments. The result is fully automated workflows that consistently manage enterprise data, removing the need to manage silos and instead, data management inside a large EDC.

EDC is made possible by our Pure Platform which delivers a cloud experience with one unified data management and storage solution, incorporating highly differentiated all-flash technology, products and subscription services that helps organizations reduce the complexity, increase reliability and cyber resiliency, and lower the costs of their data infrastructure. Our Pure Platform provides four key competitive advantages: our unified Purity Operating System, our Purity DirectFlash technology; our Evergreen technology and business model; and our Cloud Operating Model.

The following diagram depicts an EDC, powered by our Purity operating system and DirectFlash technology, Pure1 cloud management plane, Pure Fusion, and Evergreen architecture.

Key benefits of our Pure Platform include:

•Simplified Infrastructure - Our Pure Platform reduces the complexity and risks of traditional data infrastructure as our Purity Operating Software enables customers to unify the majority of their fragmented block, file and object storage workloads onto a single storage and management environment that is simple to deploy, run and manage. We use Purity Operating Software across all of our storage solutions to deliver a consistent experience whether deployed in a cloud, on-premises or hybrid cloud environment. This single Pure Platform environment makes accessing data easier and faster which is proving critical in an environment driven by AI.

•Operating like a Cloud - Powered by Purity, Pure1 cloud management, Evergreen architecture and Pure Fusion, the Pure Platform operates like a cloud, delivering on-demand, self-service storage and managed data services backed by SLA guarantees. Organizations can manage all of their data types and workloads, from the data center to the cloud with our single, consistent Pure Platform, true data mobility, and flexible consumption models.

•No Downtime - Our Pure Platform delivers all-flash storage for data spanning from Tier-0 workloads to cost-sensitive archives that is 10x more reliable than our all-flash competitors with our unique, vertically integrated hardware, controller and software. Our Pure Platform increases reliability by ending unexpected and planned downtimes to keep an organization’s data available 24/7 year-round through proactively managed SLAs that ensure 99.9999% uptime with predictive integrated support.

•Never Obsolete - Our Pure Platform provides scalable, on-demand storage through our Evergreen offerings that is never obsolete, continuously improving and without disruptive forklift upgrades. Through continual hardware and software upgrades that are delivered non-disruptively through our Evergreen program, our Pure Platform includes the latest technology and features.

•Cost Savings and Efficiency - Our Pure Platform reduces storage costs, energy and labor providing a range of business models, from self-managed to fully-managed, that enable organizations to choose how and when they consume and interact with their data. With a fully-managed Evergreen//One or Evergreen//Flex subscription, organizations also enjoy the benefit of having their power and rack space costs be paid by us. Our flash-optimized systems generally require 5-10x less labor to operate, and use 2-5x less power and space compared to competitive all-flash storage configurations, resulting in at least 50% lower total cost of ownership. This reduction in power usage and space is proving critical in an environment driven by AI given the massive energy demands of AI.

•Sustainability - We continue to invest in and innovate for a low carbon global economy and are committed to the continued delivery of an enterprise-grade storage platform and innovative services that empower our customers to operate sustainably and efficiently. Our technology differentiators such as DirectFlash, provide significant environmental sustainability benefits by offering the most efficient and densest flash modules, leading to higher capacity storage with a smaller hardware footprint. This not only lowers the costs of our systems but also their environmental footprint.

Our Purity Operating Software was designed from the ground-up. By focusing on All-Flash, our Purity software is able to deliver (1) superior performance by optimizing how data is placed and accessed on Flash, (2) reliability through optimizing the use of Flash in our systems, (3) density via our designed-for-flash algorithms, data structures and data reduction capabilities, and (4) environmental sustainability efficiencies through our integrated hardware and software thereby enabling our systems to use the same amount of data storage with significantly less power, space and e-waste.

Our Purity software is shared across our flash-optimized systems and provides leading enterprise-class data services such as always-on data-reduction, data protection and encryption, as well as a wide range of storage protocols such as block, file and object.

The advantages unlocked by our Purity software are significantly amplified by our integrated DirectFlash hardware technology. With DirectFlash, we build Flash Modules designed to work directly with NAND Flash chips, highly integrated and optimized for our Purity software. This deep integration of hardware and software allows us to be a proven leader in all-flash performance, reliability and efficiency from mainstream triple-level cell (TLC) flash and capacity-oriented QLC flash that delivers unparalleled density.

While QLC can make flash more economical, it requires significantly more sophisticated management, optimization and tuning to use effectively. With DirectFlash, we deliver the performance and density benefits of QLC flash, without compromising on efficiency, reliability, or performance consistency. With DirectFlash, we are leading the industry, and accelerating the transition of disk to flash by replacing low-cost hybrid-flash and disk arrays.

Pure1, our cloud-based data storage management plane, brings the convenience of cloud storage to on premises storage. With Pure1, customers can view and manage our storage arrays in a single pane of glass from any device with just a web browser or our mobile app. Service capabilities include AI-driven management and full-stack analytics, predictive intelligence that forecasts capacity and performance needs in advance, and a customer-centric support system of humans and AI that continuously monitor and proactively resolve array issues.

Pure Fusion brings the simplicity of the cloud operating model anywhere with on-demand consumption and back-end provisioning, delivering an autonomous storage-as-code management platform. Pure Fusion enables storage administrators to unify storage arrays and optimize storage pools to create their own EDC. Pure Fusion creates a highly intelligent and autonomous environment enabling data storage to be offered through customized storage service classes, providing storage consumers on-demand API-access to storage services, while automating previously complex tasks, such as storage provisioning, workload placement, workload mobility, and fleet rebalancing. Pure Fusion also automates compliance policies for secure, consistent data handling, enhances cybersecurity, eliminates manual errors, and enables automated data set management, enforcing and tracking corporate rules and policies. The result is fully automated workflows that consistently manage enterprise data, removing the need to manage silos.

Our differentiated Evergreen architecture enables our hardware storage systems to stay modernized and not require wholesale replacement like traditional legacy storage systems. Our architecture includes several key technology elements that allow our arrays to be upgraded non-disruptively, which is a critical underpinning of delivering a full as-a-service experience:

•Future-proof Hardware - We design and build each component (e.g. storage controllers, flash modules) of our hardware systems to be independently replaceable and upgradable, allowing our flash-optimized hardware to be more reliable and with longer service lifetimes.

•Non-Disruptive Upgrades - We have the ability to upgrade both hardware and software non-disruptively, resulting in continuous online improvement, without creating disruption or affecting running production systems.

•Telemetry and Pure1 - Continuous telemetry collection coupled with AI-driven intelligent analytics supported by machine learning models allows us to deliver both predictive and proactive recommendations, targeted assessments, and workload planning based on knowledge accumulated across our entire fleet. Pure1, our AI-driven cloud-based management platform, allows us to target and focus the most relevant innovation and improvements to our customers.

FlashArray provides solutions, addressing database, application, virtual machine and other traditional workloads. FlashArray was the industry’s first all-flash array and is driving the industry-wide transition from disk to Flash. FlashArray pioneered the approach of software designed from the ground-up for Flash and set the stage for industry leading simplicity, reliability, and rich data services. FlashArray has evolved through seven generations of controllers, a 100x increase in density, and a transition to all-NVMe flash - all delivered to customers non-disruptively through our Evergreen service.

•FlashArray//XL sets a new bar of higher performance, scale and capacity for the most demanding workloads and mission critical data-based applications.

•FlashArray//X delivers next-gen performance for mission critical workloads. Through unified block and file storage designed to be powerful and simple to use, FlashArray//X supports everything from Tier 1 databases to large-scale virtualized and cloud-native applications, with a non-disruptive upgrade path. Based on TLC flash, our latest R4 edition delivers up to 40% higher performance and over 80% increased memory speeds to support greater workload consolidation, a 30% inline compression boost to stretch storage capacity further, and new ransomware protection capabilities.

•FlashArray//C delivers the benefits of NVMe flash, performance and consolidation to simplify Tier-2 application and storage estates. FlashArray//C extends the core technology of FlashArray and DirectFlash technology to incorporate QLC flash to modernize and replace hybrid-flash and Tier-2 disk arrays. The benefits of QLC delivered by FlashArray//C are only achievable through our DirectFlash integrated hardware and software approach, and places us in a unique and differentiated position to accelerate the transition from disk to flash.

•FlashArray//E extends the Pure//E family, to deliver the simplicity and efficiency of flash for all file and block data repositories for up to 4 petabytes (PB) of data, from content libraries to backup sets to active archives. FlashArray//E enables customers to benefit from an 80% reduction in power and space, 60% lower operational costs, and 85% less e-waste compared to disk.

•FlashArray File Services delivers enterprise level multi-protocol file storage on FlashArray. As part of an unified approach to block and file data management, File Services reduces operational overhead by giving storage administrators policy driven automated management at the director, share, or virtual machine (VM) level. File Services delivers simplicity of management to a broad set of scale-up file data workloads including user data and department shares, content repositories such as Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) and video data, file-based applications, and now Network File System (NFS) datashares for virtual infrastructure.

FlashBlade provides solutions for managing and processing unstructured data workloads of all types - from the most demanding modern “big data” applications such as real-time log analytics and commercial HPC to data protection and recovery. Further, FlashBlade can manage and process the massive amounts of data created for large scale AI training environments as well as support AI-connected applications. FlashBlade was the industry's first all-flash array optimized for modern unstructured file and object applications, and enables performance at multi-Petabyte scale. FlashBlade is a scale-out system built on Purity and DirectFlash Modules, combining integrated software-defined networking that delivers revolutionary performance and simplicity. FlashBlade's scale, simplicity, and multiple protocols allows customers to consolidate a diverse set of modern workloads while benefiting from cost-effective all-flash performance.

•FlashBlade//S, a flexible all-QLC system that delivers scalable and sustained high performance to handle the most demanding workloads including computational analytics and AI, image search and recognition, electronic design automation, media special effects, high performance computing and data protection. FlashBlade//S includes Zero Move Tiering (ZMT), a feature designed to enable seamless movement of data across different performance tiers within the same array without manual intervention or migration, optimizing both performance and cost efficiency.

•FlashBlade//E is a scale-out unstructured data repository for 4 PB or more of data that makes the management of unstructured data growth more efficient, reliable, and sustainable with an user experience and economics that enable organizations to eliminate the last remnants of disk in their data center. FlashBlade//E provides the benefits of all-flash at an acquisition cost that is comparable to disk-based alternatives with lower operational costs, including up to five times less power consumption.

•FlashBlade//EXA, expected to be generally available in mid fiscal 2026, is a high performing data storage solution purpose-built to handle the most demanding requirements of large scale, GPU-intensive AI and HPC workloads. FlashBlade//EXA’s highly configurable and disaggregated architecture maximizes AI pipeline efficiency and minimizes delays during AI model training and inference workflows by delivering multi-dimensional performance at scale with cost-efficient, off-the-shelf data nodes and reduces complexity by eliminating metadata bottlenecks. FlashBlade//EXA is projected to deliver more than 10+TBs per second read performance and >20x more files in a single namespace.

Portworx by Pure Storage is the market leader in cloud-native Kubernetes data management. As enterprises increasingly adopt cloud-native architectures and applications and AI/ML solutions, Portworx Enterprise is the only data management platform that is able to provide robust enterprise-grade container storage, coupled with data-protection workflows such as Kubernetes backup (PX-Backup), disaster recovery (PX-DR) and portability between on-premise, hybrid cloud and multi-cloud environments. Portworx also offers PX CSI, a container storage connector for FlashArray and FlashBlade, that storage teams, who prefer to build in-house storage automation, can use to deliver FlashArray or FlashBlade optimized storage management capabilities and ram up container workloads within minutes.

Portworx Data Services is the industry’s first Database-as-a-Service Platform for Kubernetes. Today’s applications are composed of dozens or even hundreds of microservices, often supported by multiple data services. Managing each of these data services in a dynamic, Kubernetes world is complex and time-consuming. With Portworx Data Services, DevOps engineers can deploy, and manage production-grade data services with the click of a button, on and across private and public clouds. With deployment options from the industry’s broadest catalog of databases for SQL, NoSQL, search, streaming, and more, Portworx Data Services helps developers get started faster. Portworx Data Services also fully automates Day-2 operations, including monitoring, backups, high availability, disaster recovery, migration, auto-scaling, and security.

The entire Portworx suite, inclusive of Portworx Enterprise, PX-Backup, PX-DR and Portworx Data Services, is available as-a-service.

Cloud Block Store is an enterprise-grade, virtual block storage array that provides customers the flexibility to operate a hybrid cloud model with seamless data mobility across on-premises and public cloud environments. Cloud Block Store is software-delivered, requires no dedicated hardware running in the public cloud or internet colocation data centers, and is designed to be multi-cloud, supporting Amazon Web Services and Microsoft Azure. Cloud Block Store leverages the same Purity software that powers FlashArray in on-premise environments, enabling customers to easily implement hybrid cloud workflows.

•Cloud Block Store for Azure VMware Solution (AVS) - Cloud Block Store for AVS running in Azure delivers the same cloud-like experience as public clouds built on VMware for storage by extending the data services and user experience of the Purity operating environment to AVS, simplifying cloud data mobility and help organizations optimize their AVS data storage costs.

Evergreen//One delivers a complete cloud operating model, allowing customers to consume storage-as-a-service, based entirely on guaranteed service level agreements, enabling them to store their data whenever and wherever they want with guaranteed reliability and performance. Evergreen//One unifies on-premises and public-cloud data storage services in a single storage subscription service that delivers a true hybrid cloud experience. We ship to the customer whatever infrastructure is needed to deliver on the outcomes we guarantee, and we pay customers for the power and rack space that our infrastructure takes in their data center. With Evergreen//One, customers have flexibility to choose performance and capacity needs as well as where they consume and pay for their storage needs.

Evergreen//Flex is a fleet-level Evergreen architecture that offers users the advantage of data storage hardware ownership with a lower upfront cost and a flexible pay-as-you-go subscription. Evergreen//Flex provides the flexibility and adaptability to move performance and stranded capacity to where data and applications need it most, with the security and control that comes from ownership of the solution.

Our global customer base is over 13,500 at the end of fiscal 2025. Both large enterprises and smaller organizations with limited IT expertise or budgets benefit from using our technology. We have deployed our products and subscription services to customers across multiple industry verticals and geographies. We define a customer as an entity that purchases our products and services either from one of our channel partners or from us directly.

Our enterprise business model supports the largest global organizations, including hyperscalers and managed service providers (MSPs). Today, we are in approximately 62% of Fortune 500 companies, and the loyalty of our customers is reflected in our market-leading, certified customer Net Promoter Score (NPS) of 81 as of December 31, 2024.

Sales. We sell our products and subscription services using a direct sales force and our channel partners. Our sales organization is supported by sales engineers with deep technical expertise and responsibility for pre-sales technical support, solutions engineering and technical training. Our channel partners sell and market our products and subscription services in partnership with our direct sales force. This joint sales approach provides us with the benefit of direct relationships with our customers and expands our reach through the relationships of our channel partners. In certain geographies, we sell through a two-tier distribution model. We also sell to service providers that deploy our products and offer cloud-based storage services to their customers. We intend to continue to invest in our channel partners.

Technology Alliances. We work closely with technology partners that help us deliver an ecosystem of world-class solutions to our customers and ensure the efficient deployment and support of their environments. Our technology partners include application partners such as VMware, Microsoft, Oracle and SAP, cloud partners such as Microsoft Azure, AWS, Google, and IBM, data protection partners such as Commvault and Veeam, and infrastructure partners such as Cisco and NVIDIA. In addition, we work closely with our technology partners through co-marketing and lead-generation activities in an effort to broaden our marketing reach and help us win new customers and retain existing ones.

Marketing. Our marketing is focused on building our brand reputation and market awareness, communicating our Pure Platform advantages and demand generation for our sales force and channel partners. Our marketing effort consists primarily of product, field, channel, solutions, digital marketing and public relations.

Our research and development efforts are focused on innovation, building new features and functionality for our existing products and subscription services, developing software, and building new solutions. Our Pure Platform integrates both software and hardware innovations, and accordingly, our research and development teams employ both software and hardware engineers in the design, development, testing, certification and support of our products. Our research and development teams are primarily based in Santa Clara, California, Prague, Czech Republic, Bangalore, India, Bellevue, Washington, and Vancouver, Canada. We also design, test and certify our products to ensure interoperability with a variety of third-party software, servers, operating systems and network components. We plan to continue investing globally in significant resources for our ongoing research and development efforts.

Our contract manufacturers manufacture, assemble, test and package our products in accordance with our specifications. We provide our contract manufacturers with a rolling forecast for anticipated orders, which our contract manufacturers use to build finished products. The products mix and volumes are adjusted based on anticipated demand and actual sales and shipments in prior periods. We work closely with our contract manufacturers to meet our products delivery requirements and to manage the manufacturing process and quality control. We also utilize a range of training and assessment tools from the Responsible Business Alliance to support continuous improvement in the social, environmental and ethical responsibility of our supply chain.

We generally experience seasonality as sales of our products and subscription services are usually lower during the first quarter of our fiscal year and highest during the last quarter of our fiscal year. As a result, we expect that our business and results of operations will fluctuate from quarter to quarter.

We operate in the intensely competitive data storage market that is characterized by constant change. Changes in the application requirements, data center infrastructure trends and the broader technology landscape result in evolving customer requirements for capacity, performance scalability and enterprise features of storage systems. Our main competitors include legacy vendors, such as Dell EMC, NetApp, Hitachi Vantara, HP Enterprise, and IBM, each of which offer a broad range of systems targeting various use cases and end markets and have the technical and financial resources to bring competitive products to market.

In addition, we compete against cloud providers and vendors of hyperconverged products. Some large-scale cloud providers, known for developing storage systems internally, offer alternatives to our data storage solutions for a variety of customer workloads. Our market attracts new startups and more highly specialized vendors, as well as other vendors that may continue to acquire or bundle products that compete with our offerings. All of our competitors utilize a broad range of competitive strategies.

We believe the principal competitive factors in the storage market are as follows:

•Product and service innovation, features and enhancements, including ease of use, performance, reliability, scalability, and security;

•Product and service pricing and total cost of ownership;

•Product interoperability with customer networks and backup software;

•Product designs that help customers reduce their carbon footprint and contribute to meeting their environmental sustainability and savings goals;

•Global sales and distribution capability, including an ability to build and maintain incumbent customer relationships;

•Ability to take advantage of improvements in industry standard components; and

•Customer support and service.

We believe we compete favorably with our competitors on these factors as we continue to take market share. However, many of our competitors have substantially greater financial, technical and other resources, greater name recognition, larger sales and marketing budgets, broader distribution and larger and more mature intellectual property portfolios.

Our success depends in part upon our ability to protect our core technology and intellectual property. To establish and protect our proprietary rights, we rely on a combination of intellectual property rights, including patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secret laws, license agreements, confidentiality procedures, employee disclosure and invention assignment agreements and other contractual rights.

We have over 2,500 issued patents and patent applications in the United States and foreign countries. We also license technology from third parties when we believe it will facilitate our product offerings or business.

We are committed to demonstrating our core values — customer-first, persistence, creativity, teamwork, and ownership — and we believe that the interplay of strategy, organization, talent, and culture enables us to achieve outstanding results for all of our stakeholders.

We employ nearly 6,000 employees globally - approximately 3,500 in the U.S. and over 2,400 internationally at the end of fiscal 2025. Our workforce is distributed across over 30 countries and we continue to expand our location strategy to ensure we can obtain the right skills and have a global mindset with diversity of thinking. Our business growth presents us with the opportunity to attract talent and provide competitive employee value propositions in terms of work environment, pay, benefits, professional development and career growth opportunities that help meet the varying needs of our workforce.

Our human capital strategy is developed by our executive committee and led by our Chief Administrative and Legal Officer (CALO). The CALO delivers human capital reports to our Board of Directors and compensation and talent committee on a quarterly basis.

In fiscal 2025, we grew headcount to advance our innovation, customer experience, and sales coverage.

To foster our employees’ and our success, we seek to create an environment where people can thrive and do their best work. We strive to maximize our employees’ potential by creating a respectful, inclusive work environment with training and development programs that enable our global employees to create products and services that furthers their career goals and our corporate mission. We also have global performance management and internal mobility programs to enable employee development, growth and performance.

At Pure, we support fair and equitable hiring and promotion practices and greatly value a broad diversity of thought, experiences, backgrounds, cultures, and ideas. A close-knit team culture is core to our success and fuels the industry-leading innovation and customer experience that sets us apart.

We believe that fostering an inclusive work environment strengthens collaboration, drives better decision-making, and enhances business outcomes. Our efforts focus on:

•Leadership Accountability – We assess and recognize leadership behaviors that contribute to a workplace where all employees can do their best work. Our leaders review results quarterly and take action as needed to strengthen workplace engagement and collaboration.

•Employee Networks and Community – Our Employee Resource Groups (ERGs) help foster connections, professional growth, and a sense of belonging, reinforcing our culture of inclusivity and teamwork.

•Fair and Consistent Talent Practices – We apply structured, data-driven approaches to ensure fairness and objectivity in hiring, compensation, performance reviews, and promotions. We conduct regular pay equity reviews and track career progression to support transparent and consistent advancement opportunities.

We provide regular updates on our workforce initiatives and progress to our Board of Directors as part of our broader commitment to building and sustaining a strong, inclusive culture.

We provide competitive and fair compensation and inclusive benefit offerings. We regularly benchmark our programs against the market to ensure we are delivering competitive salaries, variable pay and equity awards as well as health and welfare benefits to employees. We offer a comprehensive and tailored set of benefits to employees and their families. Our total rewards efforts include:

•Support for all stages of life. From early career to retirement, we offer comprehensive and inclusive benefits to employees and their families for all stages including parental and adoption leave.

•Wellness benefits and programs. We encourage employees to practice self-care and proactively manage their mental and physical health. We support employee wellness through customizable programs and offerings ranging from mental health coaching, therapy, as well as nutrition and exercise programs. Employee wellness is also supported through our flexible time off policy.

•Pay for performance. Managers differentiate rewards based on business impact and how our employees model our values. We empower leaders to make thoughtful, fair decisions, and we equip employees with the resources to understand how our compensation philosophy works in practice.

Our customer-first culture and commitment to innovation create a thriving company that customers, partners, employees and investors love. Employee listening tools and data sources indicate that our high employee engagement is a key enabler of the positive customer experience and strong net promoter scores. Our employee Pulse of Pure Survey is implemented and assessed through a third party vendor. It focuses on measuring employee engagement, organizational health, team and manager effectiveness, sense of community and belonging, career growth, and overall wellbeing.

A key tenant of our culture is our commitment to integrity, respect and a safe work environment which is supported by our Code of Conduct, Speak Up Policy, and annual Pure Ethics and Compliance Pulse survey. We continually remind our employees that they are empowered to report concerns without fear of retaliation through our anonymous speak-up hotline and web portal or through their management chain, HR business partner, or Legal team.

We are committed to advancing our responsible business practices, ensuring business operations and supply chain resilience and having a positive impact on the environment and society. Our Board of Directors receives an annual update on our environmental and social policies, programs and progress towards our commitments.

Our governance model is structured to ensure the appropriate amount of oversight, assessment, and management of sustainability risks and opportunities across our organization and supply chain. Our Audit Committee oversees our sustainability efforts.

In fiscal 2024, we released our FlashBlade//E and FlashArray//E family of products, that significantly reduce power consumption compared to other flash and disk based alternatives. We’ve expanded our procurement of renewable electricity, maintaining meaningful amounts of renewable electricity for our Santa Clara headquarters campus as well as our Prague and Bangalore campuses. Our Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) is conducted across our Pure Platform and is used in identifying opportunities to reduce the environmental impact of our solutions, and adhering to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14040 and 14044 standards.

We obtained third party verification of our greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) for fiscal 2024 and delivered on our 2022 commitment to set near-term science based targets through the Science Based Targets Initiative, a global collaboration that guides companies in setting scientifically grounded GHG reduction targets to combat climate change.

For more information about our sustainability priorities, alignment to Sustainability Accounting Standards Board, Global Reporting Initiative, United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, and the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures, please see our fiscal 2024 ESG report at www.purestorage.com/ESG. The contents of our sustainability website are not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K or any other report or document we file with the SEC, and any reference to our sustainability website is intended to be an inactive textual reference only.

Our website address is www.purestorage.com. Information contained on or accessible through our website is not a part of this report and the inclusion of our website address in this report is an inactive textual reference only.

We make available, free of charge through our website, our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports, filed or furnished pursuant to Sections 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after they have been electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. In addition, the SEC maintains an internet site (http://www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.

Pure Storage, the “P” logo and other trade names, trademarks or service marks of Pure Storage appearing in this report are the property of Pure Storage. Trade names, trademarks and service marks of other companies appearing in this report are the property of their respective holders.

Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. Some of the principal risks associated with our business include the following:

•Our business, operating results, and cash flows may be adversely impacted by uncertain macroeconomic conditions, and the uncertain geopolitical environment.

•Our sales cycles can be long, unpredictable and expensive, particularly during a global economic slowdown, making it difficult for us to predict future sales.

•We are devoting significant resources toward developing flash storage solutions for hyperscalers. We recently secured a design win with a major hyperscale customer, but there can be no assurance that our efforts will be successful or lead to any sales.

•We face intense competition from established companies and others.

•If we do not manage the supply of our products and their components efficiently, our results of operation could be adversely affected.

•If we fail to develop and introduce new or enhanced storage offerings successfully, our ability to attract and retain customers could be harmed.

•If we fail to execute our transition to subscription offerings successfully, our revenues and results of operation may be harmed.

•Sales of our subscription and consumption offerings as a percentage of our total sales are difficult to predict, and we expect they will fluctuate over time. With a traditional CapEx sale, a large portion of revenue is recognized as product revenue as the order is fulfilled. Revenue for our subscription and consumption offerings is recognized over a period of time, and the majority of revenue is included in subscription services revenue. As such, we expect fluctuations in sales of our subscription and consumption offerings to impact both product and total revenue growth.

•If our security measures are compromised, or the security, confidentiality, integrity or availability of our information technology or data is compromised, our business could experience a material adverse impact.

•Adverse changes to tariffs, trade agreements, and trade policies may have a negative effect on our business and results of operations.

•Our gross margins are impacted by a variety of factors and vary from period to period, making them difficult to predict with certainty.

•Our operating results may fluctuate significantly, which could make our future results difficult to predict and could cause our operating results to fall below expectations.

•The sales prices of our products and services may fluctuate or decline, which may reduce our gross profits, revenue growth, and adversely impact our financial results.

Our operations and performance depend in part on worldwide economic conditions and the economic health of our current and prospective customers. Recent macroeconomic and geopolitical events, including tariffs, inflation, elevated interest rates, geopolitical tensions, and political and fiscal challenges in the United States and abroad, have, and may continue to have, an adverse effect on the budgets, confidence and demand of our customers, particularly in the United States where we derive the majority of our revenue. These pressures create a great deal of uncertainty and affect our customer demand, margins, costs and operations. Macroeconomic conditions can and do further exacerbate other risks discussed in this “Risk Factors” section, such as risks related to our sales and marketing efforts. If we are unable to successfully manage the effects of these pressures, our business, operating results, cash flows and financial condition may be adversely affected.

Our sales efforts involve educating our customers about the use and benefits across our data storage platform (Pure Platform) and often involve an evaluation process that can result in a lengthy sales cycle, particularly for larger customers. We spend substantial time and resources on our sales efforts without any assurance that our efforts will produce any sales. In addition, purchases are frequently subject to our customers’ budget constraints, multiple approvals and unplanned administrative and other delays. These factors can lead to unpredictable and extended closing times of sales to our customers. For example, in fiscal 2025, we experienced extended closing times for larger Evergreen//One opportunities and our business has been impacted by increased customer budget scrutiny of IT spending decisions. Some of our customers make large concentrated purchases to complete or upgrade specific data storage deployments. A substantial portion of our quarterly sales typically occurs during the last several weeks of the quarter, which we believe largely reflects customer buying patterns of products similar to ours and other technology products generally. As a result, our revenue and operating results have and may continue to fluctuate from quarter to quarter.

Since revenue from a product sale is not recognized until performance obligations are satisfied, a substantial portion of our sales late in a quarter may negatively impact the recognition of the associated revenue. Furthermore, our products come with a 30-day money back guarantee, allowing a customer to return a product within 30 days of receipt if the customer is not satisfied with its purchase for any reason. These factors, among others, make it difficult for us to predict when customers will purchase our products, which may adversely affect our operating results and cause our operating results to fluctuate. In addition, if sales expected from a specific customer for a particular quarter are not realized in that quarter or at all, our operating results may suffer.

Despite ongoing data growth, the data storage market in which we compete has not experienced substantial growth in the past few years due to a combination of technology transitions, increased storage efficiency, competitive pricing dynamics and changing economic and business environments. Some customers are shifting spending toward the public cloud and software as a service, as well as other storage deployment models. The impact of these trends on future growth of the overall data storage market is uncertain. If we fail to accurately predict trends, successfully update our product offerings or adapt our sales programs to meet changing customer demands and priorities, our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed. Reductions in the overall data storage market or the specific markets in which we compete would harm our business and operating results.

We are devoting significant resources in our efforts to develop flash storage solutions for hyperscalers, and recently secured a design win with a major hyperscaler. A design win means the customer has tested our solution, verified that it meets the customer’s requirements, and qualified our solution for the customer’s use. Achieving a design win with a major hyperscaler requires us to dedicate significant resources and investment in pursuit of a single customer opportunity without any guarantee of revenue. While we believe the opportunity to sell our solutions to hyperscalers that replace their bulk disk and hybrid disk storage is significant, and that sales to hyperscalers may in the future account for a significant portion of our revenue, we may never generate any revenue from such sales.

Further, while we expect our recent hyperscaler design win will lead to meaningful revenue contribution beginning in our fiscal year 2027, a design win does not guarantee sales to a given customer. Even after we have secured a design win, a customer could choose to delay or cancel purchasing or licensing our technology and services. It is therefore difficult to predict the volume and timing of sales, if any, that will follow from any design win that we secure.

The market for data storage products is rapidly evolving. Changes in the application requirements, data center infrastructure trends and the broader technology landscape result in evolving customer requirements for capacity, scalability and other enterprise features of storage systems. Our future financial performance depends on our ability to adapt to competitive dynamics and emerging customer demands and trends, such as the opportunities created by the recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI). We continue to expand and evolve our Pure Platform to compete directly with hard disk systems, and that strategy may take longer than we anticipate or may not succeed due to unforeseen factors. We may be unable to capture significant storage workloads for AI environments and hyperscalers. The enhancement of all-flash storage products by incumbent vendors and changes or advances in alternative technologies or adoption of cloud storage offerings that do not utilize our Pure Platform could adversely affect the demand for our Pure Platform.

Offerings from large public cloud providers are expanding quickly and serve as alternatives to our Pure Platform for a variety of customer workloads. Since these providers are known for developing storage systems internally, this trend reduces the demand for storage systems like ours. It is difficult to predict customer adoption rates of new offerings, customer demand for our Pure Platform or the future growth rate and size of our addressable market. Reduced demand for our Pure Platform caused by technological challenges, alternative technologies and products or any other reason would result in a lower revenue growth rate or decreased revenue, either of which would negatively impact our business and operating results.

We face intense competition from a number of established companies that sell competing storage products, including Dell EMC, HP Enterprise, Hitachi Vantara, IBM, and NetApp. We also compete against cloud providers and vendors of hyperconverged products, which combine compute, networking and storage. These providers are growing and expanding their product offerings, potentially displacing some demand for our products. In addition, some of our competitors offer bundled products and services in order to reduce the initial cost of their storage products. Further, some of our competitors offer their storage products either at significant discounts or even for free in competing against us. Our competitors may have:

•greater name and brand recognition and longer operating histories;

•larger sales and marketing and customer support budgets and resources;

•broader distribution and established relationships with distribution partners and customers;

•the ability to bundle storage products with other products and services to address customers’ requirements;

•greater resources to make acquisitions;

•larger and more mature product and intellectual property portfolios; and

•substantially greater financial, technical and other resources.

Many of our competitors have developed or acquired storage technologies with features or data reduction technologies that directly compete with our Pure Platform or have introduced business programs designed, among other things, to compete with our innovative programs, such as our Evergreen Storage model. We expect our competitors to continue to improve their products, reduce their prices and introduce new offerings that may, or may claim to, offer greater value compared to our Pure Platform. These developments may render our products or technologies obsolete or less competitive. These and other competitive pressures may prevent us from competing successfully against our competitors.

Many of our competitors benefit from established brand awareness and long-standing relationships with key decision makers at our current and prospective customers. Our competitors often leverage these existing relationships to discourage customers from evaluating or purchasing our Pure Platform. Additionally, most of our prospective customers have existing storage products supplied by our competitors who have an advantage in retaining the customer because, among other things, the incumbent vendor already understands the customer’s IT infrastructure, user demands and needs, or the customer is concerned about actual or perceived costs of switching to a new vendor and technology. If we are unable to sell our Pure Platform to new customers or persuade existing customers to continue purchasing our Pure Platform, we will not be able to maintain or increase our market share and revenue, which would adversely affect our business and operating results.

We rely on a limited number of contract manufacturers to manufacture our products, which reduces our control over the assembly process and exposes us to risks, such as reduced control over quality assurance, costs and product supply. If we fail to manage our relationships with these contract manufacturers effectively, or if these contract manufacturers experience delays, disruptions, capacity constraints or quality control problems, our ability to timely ship products to our customers will be impaired, potentially on short notice, and our competitive position, reputation and financial results could be harmed. If we are required, for whatever reason, to change contract manufacturers or assume internal manufacturing operations, we may lose revenue, incur increased costs and damage our customer relationships. Qualifying a new contract manufacturer and commencing production is expensive and time-consuming. We may need to increase our component purchases, contract manufacturing capacity and internal test and quality functions if we experience increased demand. The inability of our contract manufacturers to provide us with adequate supplies of high-quality products could exacerbate other risk factors and cause a delay in our order fulfillment, and our business, operating results and financial condition may be harmed.

We rely on a limited number of suppliers and, in some cases, on single-source suppliers, for several key components of our products, and we have not generally entered into agreements for the long-term purchase of these components. If we are unable to obtain components from our existing suppliers, we may need to obtain these components through secondary sources or markets. Our reliance on a limited number of suppliers and the lack of any guaranteed sources of supply exposes us to several risks, including:

•the inability to obtain, or delay in obtaining, an adequate supply of key components, including flash;

•price volatility for the components of our products;

•failure of a supplier to meet our quality or production requirements;

•failure of a supplier of key components to remain in business or adjust to market conditions; and

•consolidation among suppliers, resulting in some suppliers exiting the industry, discontinuing the manufacture of components or increasing the price of components.

Further, we source some of our product components from suppliers outside the United States, including from China, which subjects us to additional logistical risks and risks associated with complying with local rules and regulations in foreign countries. Significant changes to existing international trade agreements could result in import delays or the imposition of increased tariffs on our sourcing partners, which could lead to sourcing or logistics disruptions to our business. For example, there have been, and may continue to be, significant changes to U.S. trade policies, legislation, treaties and tariffs, including announcements of import tariffs and export restrictions. As new legislation and/or regulations are implemented, existing trade agreements are renegotiated or terminated, and trade restrictions and tariffs are imposed on foreign-sourced or U.S. goods, it may be inefficient and expensive for us to alter our business operations in order to adapt to or comply with such changes. Such operational changes could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

As a result of these risks, we cannot assure investors that we will be able to obtain a sufficient supply of key product components in the future or that the cost of these components will not increase. If our component supply is disrupted or delayed, or if we need to replace our suppliers, there can be no assurance that additional components will be available when required or that components will be available on favorable terms, which could extend our manufacturing lead times, increase the costs of our components and harm our business, operating results and financial condition. We may not be able to continue to procure components at reasonable prices, which may impact our business negatively or require us to enter into longer-term contracts to obtain components. Any of the foregoing disruptions could exacerbate other risk factors, increase our costs and decrease our gross margins, harming our business, operating results and financial condition.

Managing the supply of our products and underlying components is complex and has become increasingly difficult, in part, due to component quality and inflationary pressure. In addition, we must invest to scale our supply chain, including to ensure a sufficient supply of flash, in connection with our recent hyperscaler design win. Our third-party contract manufacturers procure components and build our products based on our forecasts, and we generally do not hold inventory for a prolonged period of time. Our forecasts are based on estimates of future demand for our products, which are in turn based on historical trends and analyses from our sales and marketing organizations, adjusted for overall market conditions. In order to reduce manufacturing lead times and plan for adequate component supply, we may issue orders for components and products that are non-cancelable and non-returnable. Our inventory management systems and related supply chain visibility tools may be inadequate to enable us to make accurate forecasts and effectively manage the supply of our products and components. If we have excess supply, we may reduce our prices and write down or write off excess or obsolete inventory, which in turn could result in lower gross margins. Alternatively, insufficient supply levels may lead to shortages that exacerbate other risk factors and result in delayed revenue, reduced product margins or lost sales opportunities altogether. If we are unable to effectively manage our supply and inventory, including the supply of flash necessary to fulfill potential hyperscaler demand, our results of operations could be adversely affected.

Our future success is highly dependent upon our ability to establish and maintain successful relationships with our partners, including value-added resellers, service providers and systems integrators. In addition to selling our Pure Platform, our partners may offer installation, post-sale service and support in their local markets. In markets where we rely on partners more heavily, we have less contact with our customers and less control over the sales process and the quality and responsiveness of our partners. As a result, it may be more difficult for us to ensure the proper delivery and installation of our Pure Platform or the quality or responsiveness of the support and services being offered. Moreover, because our success depends on our partner relationships, we have recently increased our partner incentive compensation arrangements. However, there can be no assurance that this increased incentive compensation will result in a corresponding increase in our sales. Any failure on our part to effectively identify, train and manage our channel partners and to monitor their sales activity, as well as the customer support and services provided to our customers, could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our partners may choose to discontinue offering our Pure Platform or may not devote sufficient attention and resources toward selling our Pure Platform. We typically enter into non-exclusive, written agreements with our channel partners. These agreements generally have a one-year, self-renewing term, have no minimum sales commitment and do not prohibit our channel partners from offering competing products and services. Additionally, our competitors may provide incentives to our existing and potential channel partners to use, purchase or offer their products and services or to prevent or reduce sales of our products and services. The occurrence of any of these events could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

Building and maintaining brand recognition and customer goodwill is critical to our success. On occasion, our competitors’ marketing efforts have included negative or misleading statements about us and our Pure Platform. If we are unable to effectively respond to our competitors’ marketing efforts and protect our brand and customer goodwill now or in the future, our business will be adversely affected.

Sales to governmental agencies may in the future account for a significant portion of our revenue and pose additional challenges and risks to our sales efforts. Governments have and may continue to impose restrictions or requirements that must be complied with in order for us to sell to certain governmental customers. Government demand and payment for our Pure Platform may be impacted by public sector budgetary cycles and funding reductions or delays, such as an extended federal government shutdown, which may adversely affect public sector demand for our Pure Platform. We sell our offerings to governmental agencies through our channel partners, and these agencies may have statutory, contractual or other legal rights to terminate contracts with our distributors and resellers for convenience or due to a default, and any such termination may adversely impact our results of operations. Governments routinely investigate and audit government contractors’ administrative processes, and any unfavorable audit could result in the government refusing to continue buying our Pure Platform, which would adversely impact our revenue and results of operations, or institute fines or civil or criminal liability if the audit uncovers improper or illegal activities. Finally, governments may require certain products to be manufactured in the United States and other relatively high-cost manufacturing locations, and we may not manufacture all products in locations that meet these requirements, affecting our ability to sell to certain governmental agencies.

We operate in a dynamic environment characterized by rapidly changing technologies and industry standards and technological obsolescence. To compete successfully, we must design, develop, market and sell new or enhanced storage offerings that provide increasingly higher levels of performance, capacity, functionality and reliability and meet our customers’ expectations, which is a complex and uncertain process. We believe that we must continue to dedicate significant resources to our research and development efforts and innovate business models such as Evergreen//One to improve our competitive position. We continue to expand our large capacity data storage offerings to compete directly with hard disk systems. Our investments may take longer to generate revenue or may generate less revenue than we anticipate. The introduction of new storage offerings by our competitors, or the emergence of alternative technologies or industry standards could render our Pure Platform obsolete or less competitive.

As we introduce new or enhanced Pure Platform offerings, we must successfully manage their launch and customer adoption. If we are not able to successfully manage the development and release of new or enhanced Pure Platform offerings, our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed. Similarly, if we fail to introduce new or enhanced Pure Platform offerings, such as new or improved software features, that meet our customers’ needs in a timely or cost-effective fashion, we may lose market share and our operating results could be adversely affected.

We offer our Pure Platform on a subscription basis, including our hardware and software products through Evergreen//One and Cloud Data Services. Our subscription offerings are relatively new to the storage market and will continue to evolve, and we may not be able to compete effectively, drive continued revenue growth or maintain profitability with these business models. Our subscription offerings require different accounting of our customer transactions, such as changing how we recognize revenue and capitalize commissions, among other things. In addition, our subscription offerings require compliance with additional regulatory, legal and trade licensing requirements in some countries and entail incremental operational, technical, legal and other costs. Continued market acceptance of subscription offerings depends on our ability to create a seamless customer experience and optimally price our offerings in light of market conditions, our costs and customer demand. Additionally, subscription models may unfavorably impact the pricing of and demand for our on-premise offerings, which could reduce our revenues and profitability. If we do not successfully execute our subscription offering strategy, our financial results could be negatively impacted.

Our Pure Platform is highly technical and complex and is often used to store information critical to our customers’ business operations. Our Pure Platform may contain errors, defects or security vulnerabilities that could result in data unavailability, loss, corruption or other harm to our customers. Some errors in our Pure Platform may only be discovered after it has been installed and used by customers. We have, from time to time, identified vulnerabilities in our Pure Platform. Despite our efforts to detect and remediate actual and potential vulnerabilities in our systems, we cannot be certain that we will be able to address any such vulnerabilities, and there may be delays in developing and deploying patches and other remedial measures to adequately address vulnerabilities. We may also incur unexpected costs replacing defective hardware or ensuring that hardware remains interoperable and upgradable. Any of these errors, defects, bugs or security vulnerabilities may leave us, our Pure Platform and our customers susceptible to exploitation, including by malicious actors, which could result in a loss of revenue, injury to our reputation, loss of customers or increased service and warranty costs, and adversely affect our business and operating results. In addition, errors or failures in the products of third-party technology vendors may be attributed to us and may harm our reputation.

We could face claims for product liability, tort or breach of warranty. We may not be able to enforce provisions in our contracts relating to warranty disclaimers and liability limitations. Defending a lawsuit, regardless of its merit, would be costly and could divert management’s attention and harm our reputation. Our business liability insurance coverage may be inadequate with respect to a claim and future coverage may not be available on acceptable terms or at all. Any of these issues could result in claims against us, and our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed.

Our Pure Platform must interoperate with our customers’ infrastructure, specifically networks, servers, software and operating systems, which are offered by a wide variety of vendors. When new or updated versions of these operating systems or applications are introduced, we may need to develop updated versions of our software so that our Pure Platform continues to interoperate properly. We may not deliver or maintain interoperability quickly, cost-effectively or at all as these efforts require capital investment and engineering resources. If we fail to maintain compatibility of our Pure Platform with these infrastructure components, our customers may not be able to fully utilize our Pure Platform, and we may, among other consequences, lose or fail to increase our market share and experience reduced demand for our Pure Platform, which may harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

Generally, our Pure Platform comprises only a part of an IT environment. The servers, network, software and other components and systems deployed by our customers must comply with established industry standards in order to interoperate and function efficiently together. We depend on companies that provide other systems in this ecosystem to conform to prevailing industry standards. These companies are often significantly larger and more influential in driving industry standards than we are. Some industry standards may not be widely adopted or implemented uniformly and competing standards may emerge that our customers prefer. If larger companies do not conform to the same industry standards that we do, or if competing standards emerge, sales of our Pure Platform could be adversely affected, which may harm our business.

Once our customers deploy our Pure Platform, they depend on our customer experience organization to drive non-disruptive upgrades and resolve technical issues. Our ability to provide effective technical services largely depends on our ability to attract, train and retain qualified personnel, as well as engage with qualified support partners that provide a similar level of customer support. In addition, our sales process is highly dependent on our reputation and on recommendations from our existing customers. We may need to provide customized installation and configuration services to our customers before our Pure Platform is fully operational in their environments. Any failure to maintain, or a market perception that we do not maintain, high-quality technical services and support could harm our reputation, our ability to sell our Pure Platform to existing and prospective customers and our business.

Our gross margins fluctuate from period to period due primarily to product costs, customer mix and product mix. A variety of factors may cause our gross margins to fluctuate and make them difficult to predict, including, but not limited to:

•sales and marketing initiatives, discount levels, rebates and competitive pricing;

•changes in customer, geographic or product mix, including the relative sales of our lower product gross margin FlashBlade//E, FlashArray//E, and FlashArray//C solutions;

•the cost of components, including flash and DRAM, and freight;

•new product introductions and enhancements with higher product costs;

•excess inventory levels or purchase obligations as a result of changes in demand forecasts or product transitions;

•an increase in product returns, product warranty, order rescheduling and cancellations;

•the timing of technical support service contracts and contract renewals;

•inventory stocking requirements to mitigate supply chain constraints, accommodate unforeseen demand or support new product introductions; and

•inflation and other adverse economic pressures.

If we are unable to manage these factors effectively, our gross margins may decline, and fluctuations in gross margins may make it difficult to manage our business and achieve or maintain profitability, which could materially harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our operating expenses largely are based on anticipated revenue, and a high percentage of our expenses are, and will continue to be, fixed in the short term. If we fail to adequately increase revenue and manage costs, we may not achieve or maintain profitability in the future. As a result, our business could be harmed, and our operating results could suffer.

Our strategy is to continue investing in marketing, sales, support and research and development. We believe continuing to invest heavily in our business, including investments to scale operations to support our recent hyperscaler design win, is critical to our future success and meeting our growth objectives. We anticipate that our operating expenses will continue to increase in absolute terms. Even if we achieve or maintain significant revenue growth, we may experience losses, forgoing near-term profitability on a U.S. GAAP basis.

Our operating results may fluctuate due to a variety of factors, a portion of which are outside of our control. As a result, comparing our results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful. Factors that are difficult to predict and that could cause our operating results to fluctuate include:

•the timing and magnitude of orders, shipments and acceptance of our products in any quarter, including product returns, order rescheduling and cancellations by our customers;

•the impact on timing and amount of revenue recognized resulting from the cancellation of unfulfilled orders by our customers or our inability to fulfill orders;

•fluctuations or seasonality in demand and prices for our products;

•our ability to control the costs of the components we use or to timely adopt subsequent generations of components;

•disruption in our supply chains, shipping logistics, component availability and related procurement costs;

•reductions in customers’ budgets for IT purchases;

•changes in industry standards in the data storage industry;

•our ability to develop, introduce and ship new Pure Platform offerings that meet customer requirements and to effectively manage product transitions;

•changes in the competitive dynamics of our markets, including new entrants or price discounting;

•our ability to control or mitigate costs, including our operating expenses, to support business growth and our continued expansion;

•the impact on our revenue mix from changes in our customers’ consuming our technology as a service rather than purchasing our solutions;

•the impact of inflation on labor and other costs, other adverse economic conditions and the impact of public health epidemics or pandemics; and

•future accounting pronouncements and changes in accounting policies.

The occurrence of any one of these factors could negatively affect our operating results in any particular quarter.

The sales prices of our offerings may fluctuate or decline for a variety of reasons, including competitive pricing pressures, discounts, the introduction of competing products or services or promotional programs, a change in our mix of products and services, cost of components, supply chain constraints, inflation and other adverse economic conditions. We expect competition to increase in the future, thereby leading to increased pricing pressures. Larger competitors may reduce the price of products or services that compete with ours or may bundle them with other products and services. Additionally, although we price our offerings predominantly in U.S. dollars, currency fluctuations in certain countries and regions may negatively impact actual prices that partners and customers are willing to pay in those countries and regions. Furthermore, we anticipate that our product prices will decrease over product life cycles. If we are required to decrease our prices to be competitive and are not able to offset this decrease by increases in the volume of sales or the sales of new products with higher margins, our gross margins and operating results could be adversely affected.

We have significantly expanded our overall business, customer base, headcount, channel partner relationships and operations in prior periods, and we anticipate that we will continue to expand and experience growth in future periods. Our future operating results will depend to a large extent on our ability to successfully sustain our growth and manage our continued expansion. To sustain and manage our growth successfully, we believe that we must, among other things, effectively allocate resources and operate our business across a wide range of priorities.

We expect that our future growth will continue to place strain on our managerial, administrative, operational, financial and other resources. We will incur costs associated with this future growth prior to realizing the anticipated benefits, and the return on these investments may be lower than, or develop slower than we expect or may never materialize. Investors should not consider our revenue growth in prior periods as indicative of our future performance. In future periods, we may not achieve similar percentage revenue growth rates as we have achieved in some past periods. If we are unable to maintain adequate revenue or revenue growth, our stock price could be volatile, and it may be difficult to achieve and maintain profitability. If we are unable to manage our growth successfully, we may not be able to take advantage of market opportunities or release new Pure Platform offerings in a timely manner, and we may fail to satisfy customer expectations, maintain product quality, execute on our business plan or adequately respond to competitive pressures, each of which could adversely impact our growth and affect our business and operating results.

Existing customers may not renew their subscription services agreements after the initial period and, given changing customer purchasing preferences, we may not be able to accurately predict our renewal rates. Our customers’ renewal rates may decline or fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including their available budget and the level of their satisfaction with our Pure Platform, customer support and pricing compared to our competitors. If our customers renew their contracts, they may renew on terms that are less economically beneficial to us. If our customers do not renew their agreements or renew on less favorable terms, our revenue may grow more slowly than expected, if at all.

Our sales from our Evergreen//One, Evergreen//Flex and Cloud Block Store subscription and consumption offerings as a percentage of our total sales are difficult to predict and we expect they will fluctuate over time. With a traditional CapEx sale, a large portion of revenue is recognized as product revenue when the order is fulfilled. By contrast, revenue for our subscription and consumption offerings is recognized over the term of the relevant contract period and the majority of revenue is included in subscription services revenue. An increase in sales from our subscription and consumption offerings as a percentage of total sales may have a near-term negative impact on both quarter-over-quarter and year-over-year product and total revenue growth rate comparisons. By contrast, a relative decrease in sales of our subscription and consumption offerings as a percentage of total sales may have a near-term positive impact on both quarter-over-quarter and year-over-year product and total revenue growth rate comparisons. As such, we expect fluctuations in sales of our subscription and consumption offerings to impact both product and total revenue growth.

We intend to continue investing in our business growth and may require additional funds to support business initiatives, including the need to develop new Pure Platform offerings or enhance our existing Pure Platform offerings, enhance our operating infrastructure and acquire complementary businesses and technologies. Accordingly, we may need to engage in equity or debt financings to secure additional funds. If we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of holders of our common stock. Any debt financing we undertake in the future could involve additional restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. We may not be able to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us, if at all. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us, when we require it, our ability to support our business growth and to respond to business challenges could be significantly limited and our prospects and financial condition could be harmed.

Most of our sales are made on an open credit basis. We monitor individual customer payment capability when we grant open credit arrangements and may limit these open credit arrangements based on perceived creditworthiness. We also maintain allowances we believe are adequate to cover exposure for doubtful accounts. Although we have programs in place that are designed to monitor and mitigate these risks, we cannot assure investors these programs will be effective in managing our credit risks, especially as we expand our business internationally. If we are unable to adequately control these risks, our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed.

In the ordinary course of our business, we collect, store, transmit and otherwise process proprietary, confidential and sensitive data, including by using our internal systems, networks and servers, which may include intellectual property, our proprietary business information and that of our customers, suppliers and business partners and sales data, which may, on occasion, include personally identifiable information. Additionally, we design and sell products that allow our customers to store their data. We also rely on third-party service providers and technologies to operate our business and elements of our infrastructure and our business operations depend, in part, on the success of these third parties’ own cybersecurity measures. The security of our networks and those of our third-party service providers, and the intrusion protection features of our products are critical to our operations and business strategy.

Cyberattacks, malicious internet-based activity and online and offline fraud are prevalent and continue to increase. We have been, and may in the future be, subject to attempts to gain unauthorized access to our systems. The threats to our information systems and information and those of third parties on whom we rely, include traditional computer “hackers,” social engineering schemes (for example, attempts to induce fraudulent invoice payments or divert money from us), phishing attacks, faulty password management, software bugs, malicious code (such as viruses and worms), malware installation, personnel misconduct or error, theft, denial-of-service attacks (such as credential stuffing), advanced persistent threat intrusions, server malfunction, software or hardware failures, loss of data or other computer assets, adware, as well as attacks from nation-state and nation-state supported actors. These threats are also becoming increasingly difficult to detect. AI technologies may also be used in connection with certain attacks, resulting in heightened risks of security breaches and incidents. Additionally, ransomware attacks, including those from organized criminal threat actors, nation-states and nation-state supported actors, are becoming increasingly prevalent and severe and could lead to significant interruptions, delays, or outages in our operations, disruptions in our services, loss of data, loss of income, significant extra expense to restore data or systems, reputational loss and the diversion of funds. To alleviate the financial, operational and reputational impact of a ransomware attack, it may be preferable to make extortion payments, but we may be unwilling or unable to do so (including, for example, if applicable laws or regulations prohibit such payments). Similarly, supply chain attacks have increased in frequency and severity, and there have been high-profile incidents of third-party service providers causing widespread disruptions to their customers’ infrastructure due to errors in their SaaS offerings. We cannot guarantee that third parties and infrastructure in our supply chain have not been compromised or that they do not contain exploitable defects or bugs that could result in a breach of or disruption to our Pure Platform, systems and network or the systems and networks of third parties that support us and our business. Moreover, we may have limited remedies against third-party providers in the event of a service disruption.

We devote significant resources to network security, authentication technologies, data encryption, employee training and other security measures designed to protect our systems and data, including to secure the transmission and storage of data and prevent third-party access to our data or accounts, but there can be no assurance that our security measures or those of our service providers, partners and other third parties upon whom we rely will be effective in protecting against a security incident or the material adverse impacts that may arise from a security incident. Notwithstanding our efforts, we may fail to detect the existence of security breaches or incidents, Malicious third parties might use techniques that we are unable to defend against to compromise and infiltrate our systems. The techniques used by malicious actors change frequently and are often not recognized until launched against a target. Any destructive or intrusive breach of our internal systems could result in the information stored on our networks, including, without limitation, source code for our products and services or the networks and systems of third parties upon whom we rely being accessed, publicly disclosed, lost or stolen. Additionally, an effective attack on our Pure Platform could disrupt the proper functioning of our Pure Platform, allow unauthorized access to sensitive, proprietary or confidential information of ours or our customers, disrupt or temporarily interrupt our and our customers’ operations or cause other destructive outcomes, including the theft of information sufficient to engage in fraudulent transactions.

The risk that these types of events could seriously harm our business is likely to increase as we expand our network of channel partners, resellers and authorized service providers and operate in more countries. The economic costs to us to eliminate or alleviate cybersecurity risks and vulnerabilities could be significant and may be difficult to anticipate or measure because the damage may differ based on the identity and motive of the programmer or hacker, which are often difficult to identify.

If any of these types of security incidents occurs and we are unable to protect our Pure Platform, systems and data, or if we are perceived to have such a security incident, our relationships with our business partners and customers could be materially damaged, our reputation and brand could be materially harmed, use of our Pure Platform could decrease and we could be exposed to a risk of loss or litigation, including, without limitation, class action litigation, and other possible liabilities. A security incident could also result in government enforcement actions that could include investigations, fines, penalties, audits and inspections, additional reporting requirements and/or oversight, temporary or permanent bans on all or some processing of personal information. For a description of our processes for assessing, identifying and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats, see Part 1. Item 1C. Cybersecurity in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Moreover, applicable data protection laws, contracts, policies and other data protection obligations may require us to notify relevant stakeholders of security incidents, including affected individuals, customers, regulators, and credit reporting agencies. Such disclosures are costly and the disclosures or the failure to comply with such requirements could lead to material adverse impacts such as negative publicity, loss of customer confidence in our services or security measures, investigations and private or government claims. Security incidents that impact our information technology systems could also result in breaches of our contracts (some of which may not have liability limitations and/or require us to indemnify affected parties) and could lead to litigation with customers, partners or other relevant stakeholders. These proceedings could force us to spend money in defense or settlement, divert management’s time and attention, increase our costs of doing business and adversely affect our reputation or otherwise adversely affect our business.

Our ability to increase our revenue depends on our ability to attract, motivate, and retain qualified sales, engineering and other key employees, including our management. These positions may require candidates with specific backgrounds in software and the storage industry, and competition for employees with such expertise is intense. We have from time to time experienced, and we expect to continue to experience, difficulty in hiring and retaining highly skilled employees with appropriate qualifications. To the extent that we are successful in hiring to fill these positions, we may need a significant amount of time to train new employees before they are effective and efficient in performing their jobs. Further, we face new challenges regarding workforce planning, employee expectations regarding the ability to work from home or remotely and maintaining employee productivity, as well as higher employee turnover and slower hiring rates. If we are unable to adequately address these challenges, our ability to recruit and retain employees and to ensure employee productivity could be negatively affected. From time to time, there may be changes in our management team, which could create short term uncertainty. All of our employees, including members of our management team and executive officers, are generally employed on an at-will basis, which means that they could terminate their employment with us at any time. If we are unable to attract, motivate and retain qualified sales, engineering and other key employees, including our management or if they are unable to work effectively, our business and operating results could suffer.

We rely on contract manufacturers and component vendors, some of which are located outside the United States. As such, the importation of our products and the underlying components may be affected by changes in applicable tariffs, trade agreements, and trade policies, and expose us to risks associated with doing business globally. The United States and other countries in our supply chain or in which we have sales have imposed and may impose additional tariffs, duties, quotas, or other restrictions or regulations, or may adversely adjust prevailing tariff levels, quotas, duties, or other restrictions or regulations. Countries impose, modify and remove tariffs and other trade restrictions in response to a diverse array of factors, including global and national economic and political conditions, which make it impossible for us to predict future developments regarding tariffs and other trade restrictions. Additionally, changes in U.S. administrative policy from the recent U.S. presidential and congressional elections may lead to significant changes in tariffs for imported goods among other possible changes. If tariffs are imposed on our products or the underlying components, we may be required to raise our prices, which may result in the loss of customers and harm our business and results of operations, or we may choose to pay for these tariffs without raising prices which may negatively impact our results of operations and profitability.

We need to continue to expand and optimize our sales organization in order to grow our customer base and our business. We plan to continue to expand and train our sales force, both domestically and internationally. We must design and implement effective sales incentive programs, and it can take time before new sales representatives are fully trained and productive. We must adapt our sales processes for new sales and marketing approaches, including those required by our shift to subscription services and the changes resulting from evolving economic and budgetary constraints. If we are unable to hire, develop and retain qualified sales personnel or if new sales personnel are unable to achieve desired productivity levels in a reasonable period of time, we may not be able to realize the expected benefits of these investments or increase our revenue and our business and operating results could suffer.

We believe that our company culture has been a critical contributor to our success. Our culture fosters innovation, creativity, teamwork, passion for customers, focus on execution, and facilitates critical knowledge sharing. In particular, we believe that the difference between our sales, support and engineering cultures and those of incumbent vendors, is a key competitive advantage and differentiator for our customers and partners. As we grow and change or are required to adapt to changes in business operations, including expectations around work location, we may find it difficult to maintain these important aspects of our company culture, which could limit our ability to innovate and operate effectively. Any failure to preserve our culture could also negatively affect our ability to retain and recruit personnel, continue to perform at current levels or execute on our business strategy.

We maintain operations outside of the United States, which we have been expanding and intend to continue to expand in the future. As a company headquartered in the United States, conducting and expanding international operations subjects us to costs and risks that we may not face in the United States, including:

•exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk;

•difficulties in collecting payments internationally;

•managing and staffing international operations;

•establishing relationships with channel partners in international locations;

•increased travel, infrastructure and legal compliance costs associated with international locations;

•requirements to comply with a wide variety of laws and regulations associated with international operations, including taxes, customs and licensing requirements;

•significant fines, penalties and collateral consequences if we or our partners fail to comply with anti-bribery laws;

•heightened risk of improper, unfair or corrupt business practices in certain geographies;

•potentially adverse tax consequences, including repatriation of earnings;

•increased financial accounting and reporting burdens and complexities;

•political, social and economic instability abroad, terrorist attacks, war and security concerns in general; and

•reduced or varied protection for intellectual property rights in some countries.

The occurrence of any of these risks could negatively affect our international operations and, consequently, our business, operating results and financial condition generally.

Changes in federal, state, or international tax laws or tax rulings could adversely affect our effective tax rate and our operating results. We generally conduct our international operations through wholly owned subsidiaries and report our taxable income in various jurisdictions worldwide based upon our business operations in those jurisdictions. Given proposed tax legislation and other global tax developments, we continue to evaluate our corporate structure and intercompany relationships. Future changes to U.S. and global tax laws may adversely impact our effective tax rate.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 amendments to Internal Revenue Code (IRC) Section 174 require that specific research and experimental expenditures be capitalized and amortized over five years if incurred in the U.S. or fifteen years if incurred in a foreign jurisdiction beginning in our fiscal 2023. Although Congress is considering legislation that would defer, modify or repeal this capitalization and amortization requirement, the possibility that this will happen is uncertain. If this requirement is not deferred, modified or repealed, we may continue to incur additional cash taxes.

Our intercompany relationships are, and after the implementation of any changes to our corporate structure will continue to be, subject to complex transfer pricing regulations administered by taxing authorities in various jurisdictions. The relevant taxing authorities may disagree with our determinations as to the income and expenses attributable to specific jurisdictions. If such a disagreement were to occur, and our position were not sustained, we could be required to pay additional taxes, interest and penalties, which could result in tax charges, higher effective tax rates, reduced cash flows and lower overall profitability of our operations.

There is a substantial amount of intellectual property litigation in the data storage industry, and we may become party to, or threatened with, litigation or other adversarial proceedings regarding our intellectual property rights. The outcome of intellectual property litigation is subject to uncertainties that cannot be adequately quantified in advance. We have been, and may in the future be, subject to claims that we infringe upon the intellectual property rights of other intellectual property holders, particularly as we grow and face increasing competition.

Any intellectual property rights claim against us or our customers, suppliers, and channel partners, with or without merit, could be time-consuming and expensive to litigate or settle, divert management’s resources and attention from operating our business and force us to acquire intellectual property rights and licenses, which may involve substantial royalty payments. Further, a party making such a claim, if successful, could secure a judgment that requires us to pay substantial damages, including treble damages and attorneys’ fees if we are found to have willfully infringed a patent. An adverse determination also could invalidate our intellectual property rights, prevent us from manufacturing and selling our products and may require that we procure or develop substitute products that do not infringe, which could require significant effort and expense. We are also incorporating AI into the operations of our business. The intellectual property rights surrounding AI technologies are unsettled, and the use or adoption of AI technologies in our business could expose us to copyright infringement or other intellectual property misappropriation claims.

We may not be able to re-engineer our products to avoid infringement, and we may have to seek a license for the infringed technology, which may not be available on reasonable terms or at all, may significantly increase our operating expenses or may require us to restrict our business activities in one or more respects. Even if we were able to obtain a license, it could be non-exclusive, which may give our competitors access to the same technologies licensed to us. Claims that we have misappropriated the confidential information or trade secrets of third parties could have a similar negative impact on our business. Any of these events could harm our business and financial condition.

We currently have a number of agreements in effect with our customers, suppliers and channel partners pursuant to which we have agreed to defend, indemnify and hold them harmless from damages and costs which may arise from claims of infringement by our products of third-party patents, trademarks or other proprietary rights. The scope of these indemnity obligations varies but may, in some instances, include indemnification for damages and expenses, including attorneys’ fees. Our insurance may not cover intellectual property infringement claims. A claim that our products infringe a third party’s intellectual property rights could harm our relationships with our customers, deter future customers from purchasing our products and expose us to costly litigation and settlement expenses. Even if we are not a party to any litigation between a customer and a third party relating to infringement claims by our products, an adverse outcome in any such litigation could make it more difficult for us to defend our products against intellectual property infringement claims in any subsequent litigation in which we are a named party. Any of these results could harm our brand, business and financial condition.

We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, service mark, trademark and trade secret laws, as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual restrictions, to establish and protect our proprietary rights, all of which provide only limited protection. We have over 2,500 issued patents and patent applications in the United States and foreign countries. We cannot assure investors that future patents issued to us, if any, will give us the protection that we seek, if at all, or that any patents issued to us will not be challenged, invalidated, circumvented or held to be unenforceable. Our issued and future patents may not provide sufficiently broad protection or may not be enforceable. Further, the laws of certain foreign countries do not provide the same level of protection of corporate proprietary information and assets such as intellectual property, trademarks, trade secrets, know-how and records, as the laws of the United States. For instance, the legal systems of certain countries, particularly certain developing countries, do not favor the enforcement of patents and other intellectual property protection. As a result, we may encounter significant problems in protecting and defending our intellectual property or proprietary rights abroad.

Changes to intellectual property laws in the United States and other jurisdictions could also diminish the value of our patents and patent applications or narrow the scope of our patent protection, among other intellectual property rights. We cannot be certain that the steps we have taken will prevent theft, unauthorized use or the reverse engineering of our proprietary information and other intellectual property, including technical data, manufacturing processes, data sets or other sensitive information. Moreover, others may independently develop technologies that are competitive to ours or that infringe our intellectual property. Furthermore, any of our trademarks may be challenged by others or invalidated through administrative process or litigation.

Protecting against the unauthorized use of our intellectual property, products and other proprietary rights is expensive and difficult. Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce or defend our intellectual property rights or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. Any such litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of management’s resources and attention, either of which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. Further, many of our current and potential competitors have the ability to dedicate substantially greater resources than us to defend intellectual property infringement claims and enforce their intellectual property rights. Accordingly, we may not be able to prevent third parties from infringing upon or misappropriating our intellectual property. Effective patent, trademark, service mark, copyright and trade secret protection may not be available in every country in which our products are available. An inability to adequately protect and enforce our intellectual property and other proprietary rights could harm our business and financial condition.

We use open source software in our Pure Platform and expect to continue to use open source software in the future. Although we monitor our use of open source software, the terms of many open source licenses have not been interpreted by U.S. or foreign courts, and there is a risk that such licenses could be construed in a manner that imposes unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to market our Pure Platform. From time to time, we may face claims from third parties claiming ownership of, or demanding release of, the open source software or derivative works that we have developed using such software, which could include our proprietary source code, or otherwise seeking to enforce the terms of the applicable open source license. These claims could result in litigation and could require us to make our software source code freely available, seek licenses from third parties in order to continue offering our Pure Platform for certain uses or cease offering the implicated solutions unless and until we can re-engineer them to avoid infringement. This re-engineering process could require significant additional research and development resources, and we may be required to discontinue providing some of our software if re-engineering cannot be accomplished on a timely basis, any of which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our business is subject to regulation by various federal, state, local and foreign governmental agencies, including agencies responsible for monitoring and enforcing employment and labor laws, workplace safety, product safety, environmental laws, consumer protection laws, anti-bribery laws, import/export controls, data privacy, securities laws and tax laws and regulations. In certain jurisdictions, these regulatory requirements may be more stringent than in the United States. For example, the European Union has adopted certain directives to facilitate the recycling of electrical and electronic equipment sold in the European Union, including the Restriction on the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment directive and the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment directive.

Changes in applicable laws, regulations and standards could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. For example, since the start of the new presidential administration in 2025, U.S. policy changes have been implemented at a rapid pace and additional changes are likely. Changes to U.S. policy implemented by the U.S. Congress and the new presidential administration have impacted and may in the future impact, among other things, the U.S. and global economy, international trade relations, unemployment, immigration, healthcare, taxation, the U.S. regulatory environment, inflation and other areas. Although we cannot predict the impact, if any, of these changes to our business, they could adversely affect our business.

In recent years we have also become subject to a variety of data privacy laws, including the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), and California Privacy Rights Act (CPRA). Other jurisdictions have proposed, and in certain cases enacted, similar laws. We have modified our data protection compliance program in response to data privacy regulations and will continue to monitor the implementation and evolution of global data protection regulations, but if we are not compliant with such privacy regulations, we may be subject to significant fines and our business may be harmed. The potential effects of new or modified privacy laws may be far-reaching and require us to modify our data processing practices and policies and to incur substantial costs and expenses. Customers may choose to implement technological solutions to comply with such laws that impact the performance and competitiveness of our Pure Platform. Even the perception of privacy concerns, whether or not valid, may harm our reputation and inhibit competitiveness and adoption of our Pure Platform by current and future customers.

In addition, sustainability reporting and disclosure requirements continue to evolve, with increasing global regulation. Companies must develop an expanded set of metrics and measures, data collection and processing, controls, and reporting processes in order to meet regulatory requirements. As global sustainability regulatory requirements evolve, this could lead to disruptions in our product manufacturing, increase our operating costs, and harm our profitability. If we fail, or are seen as failing, to effectively respond to sustainability regulatory requirements, our reputation and brand could be harmed, demand for our offerings could decline, and our profitability could be adversely impacted. Sustainability at Pure Storage includes but is not limited to topics such as environmental, human capital, ethics, date security, and privacy.

Noncompliance with applicable regulations or requirements could subject us to investigations, sanctions, mandatory product recalls, enforcement actions, disgorgement of profits, fines, damages, civil and criminal penalties or injunctions. If any governmental sanctions are imposed, or if we do not prevail in any possible civil or criminal litigation, our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed. In addition, responding to any action will likely result in a significant diversion of management’s attention and resources and an increase in professional fees. Enforcement actions and sanctions could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

The U.S. and various foreign governments have imposed controls, export license requirements and restrictions on the import or export of some technologies, especially encryption technology, as well as laws relating to forced labor and conflict minerals. From time to time, governmental agencies have proposed additional regulation of encryption technology, such as requiring the escrow of imports or exports. If we fail to obtain required import or export approval for our products or their various components, or to timely provide requested documentation, our international and domestic sales could be harmed and our revenue may be adversely affected. In many cases, we rely on vendors and channel partners to handle logistics associated with the import and export of our products, so our visibility and control over these matters may be limited. In addition, failure to comply with such regulations could result in penalties, costs and restrictions on export privileges, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

We have completed acquisitions in the past and continue to evaluate and consider additional strategic transactions, including acquisitions of, or investments in, businesses, technologies, services, products and other assets in the future. We also may enter into relationships with other businesses in order to expand our product offerings, which could involve preferred or exclusive licenses, additional channels of distribution or discount pricing or investments in other companies. Negotiating these transactions can be time-consuming, difficult and expensive, and our ability to close these transactions may be subject to third-party or government approvals, which are beyond our control. Consequently, we can make no assurance that these transactions, once undertaken and announced, will close.

These kinds of acquisitions or investments may result in unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures. In particular, we may encounter difficulties assimilating or integrating the businesses, technologies, products, personnel or operations of acquired companies, particularly if the key personnel of the acquired business choose not to work for us, and we may have difficulty retaining the customers of any acquired business. Acquisitions and investments may also disrupt our ongoing business, divert our resources and require significant management attention that would otherwise be available for development of our business. Any acquisition or investment could expose us to unknown liabilities. We may not successfully evaluate or utilize the acquired technology or personnel, or accurately forecast the financial impact of an acquisition or investment transaction. Moreover, we cannot assure investors that the anticipated benefits of any acquisition or investment will be realized. In connection with these types of transactions, we may issue additional equity securities that dilute our stockholders, use cash that we may need in the future to operate our business, incur debt on terms unfavorable to us or that we are unable to repay, incur large charges or substantial liabilities, encounter difficulties integrating diverse business cultures and become subject to adverse tax consequences, substantial impairment or deferred compensation charges. These challenges related to acquisitions or investments could harm our business and financial condition.

In August 2020, we entered into a Credit Agreement with a consortium of financial institutions and lenders that provides for a five-year, senior secured revolving credit facility of $300.0 million (Credit Facility). We can borrow, repay and re-borrow funds under this Credit Facility at any time through August 2025, subject to customary borrowing conditions, for general corporate purposes and working capital.

The agreement governing our Credit Facility limits our ability, among other things, to incur additional secured indebtedness; sell, transfer, license or dispose of assets; consolidate or merge; enter into transactions with our affiliates; and incur liens. In addition, our Credit Facility contains financial and other restrictive covenants that limit our ability to engage in activities that may be in our long term best interest, such as, subject to permitted exceptions, making capital expenditures in excess of certain thresholds, making investments, loans and other advances, and prepaying any additional indebtedness while our indebtedness under our Credit Facility is outstanding. Our failure to comply with financial and other restrictive covenants could result in an event of default, which if not cured or waived, could result in the lenders requiring immediate payment of all outstanding borrowings or foreclosing on collateral pledged to them to secure the indebtedness.

The trading price of our common stock has been, and will likely continue to be, highly volatile. Since shares of our common stock were sold in our initial public offering in October 2015 at a price of $17.00 per share, our closing stock price has ranged from $8.76 to $72.37, through March 19, 2025. Some of the factors, many of which are beyond our control, affecting our volatility may include:

•price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market from time to time;

•significant volatility in the market price and trading volume of technology companies in general and of companies in our industry;

•actual or anticipated changes in our results of operations or fluctuations in our operating results;

•whether our operating results meet the expectations of securities analysts or investors;

•issuance or new or updated research or reports by securities analysts, including the publication of unfavorable reports or change in recommendation or downgrading of our common stock;

•actual or anticipated developments in our competitors’ businesses or the competitive landscape generally;

•litigation involving us, our industry or both;

•general economic conditions and trends, including the impact of interest rates on the overall stock market and the market for technology company stocks;

•major catastrophic events;

•sales of large blocks of our stock; or

•departures of key personnel.

In several recent situations where the price of a stock has been volatile, holders of that stock have instituted securities class action litigation against the issuer. If any of our stockholders were to bring a lawsuit against us, the defense and disposition of the lawsuit could be costly and divert the time and attention of our management and harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our Board of Directors has periodically authorized share repurchases, funded from available working capital, including up to $250.0 million authorized in February 2025. The repurchase authorization has no fixed end date. Although our Board of Directors has authorized a share repurchase program, this program does not obligate us to repurchase any specific dollar amount or number of shares. The share repurchase program could affect the price of our common stock, increase volatility and diminish our cash reserves.

The trading market for our common stock will likely be influenced by research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. If one or more of these analysts downgrades our stock, lowers their price target, or publishes unfavorable or inaccurate research about our business, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of us or fails to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our stock could decrease, which could cause our stock price and trading volume to decline.

We have never declared or paid any dividends on our common stock. We intend to retain any earnings to finance the operation and expansion of our business, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the future. As a result, investors may only receive a return on their investment in our common stock if the market price of our common stock increases.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws contain provisions that could depress the trading price of our common stock by acting to discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our company or changes in our management that our stockholders may deem advantageous. These provisions:

•establish a classified Board of Directors so that not all members of our Board of Directors are elected at one time;

•authorize the issuance of “blank check” preferred stock that our Board of Directors could issue to increase the number of outstanding shares to discourage a takeover attempt;

•prohibit stockholder action by written consent, which requires all stockholder actions to be taken at a meeting of our stockholders;

•prohibit stockholders from calling a special meeting of our stockholders;

•provide that the Board of Directors is expressly authorized to make, alter or repeal our bylaws; and

•establish advance notice requirements for nominations for elections to our Board of Directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon by stockholders at stockholder meetings.

Additionally, we are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which generally prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any of a broad range of business combinations with any “interested” stockholder for a period of three years following the date on which the stockholder became an “interested” stockholder and which may discourage, delay, or prevent a change of control of our company.

Any provision of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, bylaws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our common stock, and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our common stock.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the exclusive forum for any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf; any action asserting a breach of fiduciary duty; any action asserting a claim against us arising pursuant to the Delaware General Corporation Law, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our bylaws; or any action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine. The choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and other employees. If a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business and financial condition.

We and our suppliers have operations in locations, including our headquarters in California, that are subject to earthquakes, fires, floods and other natural catastrophic events, such as climate change, severe weather and geological events, which could disrupt our operations or the operations of our customers and suppliers. Our customers affected by a natural disaster could postpone or cancel orders of our products, which could negatively impact our business. Moreover, should any of our key suppliers fail to deliver components to us as a result of a natural disaster, we may be unable to purchase these components in necessary quantities or may be forced to purchase components in the open market at significantly higher costs. We may also be forced to purchase components in advance of our normal supply chain demand to avoid potential market shortages. Our business interruption insurance may be insufficient to compensate us for losses due to a significant natural disaster or due to man-made factors. Any natural catastrophic events may also prevent our employees from being able to reach our offices in any jurisdiction around the world, and therefore impede our ability to conduct business as usual.

In addition, man-made factors, such as acts of war, terrorism or malicious computer viruses, and public health epidemics or pandemics, could cause disruptions in our or our customers’ businesses or the economy as a whole. To the extent that these disruptions result in delays or cancellations of customer orders or the deployment of our products, our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed.

We employ a defense-in-layers approach in our cybersecurity program that includes various processes to identify, assess, prioritize, manage, and report on cybersecurity risks that could result in loss or other adverse consequences to Pure Storage. We maintain a variety of channels designed to identify risks, including risks associated with our use of third-party service providers, such as by conducting vulnerability assessments, reviewing audit findings, discussing with key stakeholders, and analyzing security incidents and reports from our employees and others.

We maintain procedures and processes designed to evaluate and respond to certain identified risks. We assess potential adverse impact across a variety of factors, such as financial, product roadmap, brand and reputation, operational performance, and our ability to comply with applicable laws and regulations. Potential responses for cybersecurity risks are:

•Avoiding activities or situations that could lead to harm.

•Engaging in preventative measures, safety protocols, and security enhancements.

•Transferring risk through contract or insurance.

•Developing contingency plans to address potential negative outcomes associated with cybersecurity risks if they occur.

Our cybersecurity program is integrated into our broader enterprise risk management framework. For example, certain members of our executive management evaluate material risks from cybersecurity threats against our overall business objectives and report to our Risk Committee of the Board of Directors, which evaluates our overall enterprise risk.

We use third-party service providers to assist us from time to time in an effort to identify, assess, and manage material risks from cybersecurity threats. These service providers provide services such as threat intelligence and dark web monitoring. In addition, we engage independent third parties (such as assessors or consultants) to periodically assess the capability and maturity of our cybersecurity program.

Our Governance, Risk, and Compliance (GRC) team oversees our third-party cybersecurity risk management program, which evaluates the security posture of certain third-party vendors. Our assessments may include the collection and verification of various cybersecurity measures implemented by our third-party vendors. Depending upon the third-party vendor as well as the data and information systems to which the vendor will have access, the GRC team may review the vendor’s information security policies and standards, examine the vendor’s certifications and attestations, and review vulnerability assessments or other evaluations.

As of the date of this report, we have not identified any risks from cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any previous cybersecurity incidents, that we believe have materially affected us, our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. For a description of the risks from cybersecurity threats that may materially affect our company in the future and how they may do so, see our risk factors under Part 1. Item 1A. Risk Factors in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the risk factor entitled “If our security measures, or those maintained on our behalf, are compromised, or the security, confidentiality, integrity or availability of our information technology, software, services, networks, products, communications or data is compromised, limited, or fails, our business could experience a material adverse impact, including without limitation, a material interruption to our operations, harm to our reputation, a loss of customers, significant fines, penalties and liabilities, or breach or triggering of data protection laws, privacy policies or other obligations.”

Our Board of Directors addresses the company’s cybersecurity risk management as part of its general oversight function. Our Risk Committee is responsible for overseeing the company’s cybersecurity risk management program, including accepting, transferring, or mitigating cybersecurity risks as appropriate. In addition, we have established an Executive Security Council (ESC). The ESC oversees and governs our cybersecurity program.

Our cybersecurity program is implemented and maintained by Pure’s Global Information Security Office (GISO), a team of security professionals responsible for developing and implementing an information security program designed to protect our assets, including data, networks, applications and people, from cyber threats. The GISO includes individuals with expertise in the following areas and who continue to leverage such expertise at the company in the following manners:

•Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC). Maintaining cybersecurity policies, standards, and processes as well as providing training to our employees on them.

•Security Operations. Monitoring our critical systems and assets to identify and respond to security incidents in a timely manner.

•Security Engineering & Architecture. Implementing risk-based security controls.

•Product Security. Supporting our product teams’ security objectives by providing design review, certification management, penetration testing, and consulting services, as well as operating security vulnerability management and reporting dashboard capabilities.

•Enterprise resiliency. Developing policies, procedures and practices for critical operations recovery and business continuity in the event of a cybersecurity incident.

The GISO reports to our Risk Committee and ESC on cybersecurity risks. Our Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) meets with the ESC and Risk Committee periodically in an effort to review the company’s cybersecurity risks, the company’s prevention, detection and remediation efforts of cybersecurity incidents (as appropriate), and key cybersecurity performance indicators. We also maintain procedures designed to escalate certain cybersecurity risks and incidents to members of executive management and the board of directors, as appropriate.

Our corporate headquarters are located in Santa Clara, California. We also maintain offices in multiple locations in the United States and internationally in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and North and South America. We lease all of our facilities and do not own any real property. We believe that our facilities are adequate to meet our needs for the immediate future, and that, should it be needed, suitable additional space will be available to accommodate expansion of our operations.

The information set forth under the “Legal Matters” subheading in Note 7 of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is incorporated herein by reference.

In addition, we may from time to time, be involved in various legal proceedings arising from the normal course of business, and an unfavorable resolution of any of these matters could materially affect our future results of operations, cash flows or financial position.

Our Class A common stock, which we refer to as our “common stock”, trades publicly on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the ticker symbol “PSTG.”

As of March 19, 2025, there were 29 holders of record of our common stock. This figure does not include a substantially greater number of “street name” holders or beneficial holders of our common stock whose shares are held of record by banks, brokers and other financial institutions.

We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings for use in the operation of our business and do not anticipate paying any dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to declare dividends will be made at the discretion of our Board of Directors, subject to applicable laws, and will depend on our financial condition, operating results, capital requirements, general business conditions and other factors that our Board of Directors may deem relevant.

The following table summarizes our stock repurchase activity for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025 (in thousands except for price per share):

(1) In February 2024, our Board of Directors authorized additional share repurchases of up to $250.0 million of our outstanding common stock. In February 2025, our Board of Directors authorized additional share repurchases of up to $250.0 million of our outstanding common stock. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources—Share Repurchase Program” included under Part II, Item 7 in this Annual Report.

The following table summarizes our shares of restricted common stock that were delivered by certain employees to satisfy tax withholding requirements of equity awards for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025 (in thousands except for price per share):

Our insider trading policy permits directors, officers, and other employees covered under the policy to establish, subject to certain conditions and limitations set forth in the policy, written trading plans which are intended to comply with Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act, which permits automatic trading of our common stock or trading of our common stock by an independent person (such as a stockbroker) who is not aware of material, nonpublic information at the time of the trade.

The following graph compares the cumulative total return to stockholders on our common stock relative to the cumulative total returns of the NYSE Composite Index and NYSE Arca Tech 100 Index for the five years ended February 2, 2025. The graph assumes that $100 (with reinvestment of all dividends) was invested in our common stock and in each index on February 2, 2020 and assumes the reinvestment of any dividends. The returns shown are based on historical results and are not intended to suggest future performance.

Investors should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” and in other parts of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. See also the section titled “Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in this report. Our fiscal year end is the first Sunday after January 30.

Data is foundational to our customers, and we are focused on delivering innovative and differentiated data storage solutions and services that enable customers to fully realize the value of their data.

We are a global leader in data management and storage with a mission to redefine the storage experience by simplifying how people manage, consume and interact with data. Our vision of an all-flash data center integrates our foundation of simplicity and reliability with four major market trends that are impacting all organizations large and small: (1) the shift to modernizing today’s data infrastructure with all-flash; (2) the increase of modern cloud-native applications; (3) increasing demand to consume data storage as a service; and (4) increasing demand for data storage to support the acceleration in artificial intelligence adoption while managing rising energy costs.

Our Pure Platform supporting structured and unstructured data, at scale and across any data workloads in on premises, cloud and hosted environments makes it possible for customers to construct their Enterprise Data Clouds. This allows them to serve a variety of data workloads including mission-critical production, test and development, analytics, disaster recovery, backup and restore, artificial intelligence and machine learning with a single consistent, highly automated and agile cloud operating model.

We derive revenue primarily from the sale of our products and services that comprise our Pure Platform. Our Pure Platform primarily includes our FlashArray and FlashBlade solutions, and our portfolio of Evergreen subscription services offerings. Subscription services also include our professional services offerings such as installation and implementation consulting services.

Provided that all other revenue recognition criteria have been met, we typically recognize product revenue upon transfer of control to our customers and the satisfaction of our performance obligations. For Evergreen//Flex, product revenue is recognized upon the commencement of the underlying subscription services. Products are typically shipped directly by us to customers, and our channel partners generally do not stock our inventory. We expect our product revenue may vary from period to period based on, among other things, the timing and size of orders and delivery of products and the impact of significant transactions.

We generally recognize revenue from the fair value of subscription services provided ratably over the contractual service period or on a consumption basis based on the minimum usage commitment as well as usage above the commitment amount and professional services as delivered. We expect our subscription services revenue to increase and continue to grow faster than our product revenue as more customers choose to consume our storage solutions as a service and our existing Evergreen subscription customers renew and expand their offerings.

Cost of product revenue primarily consists of costs paid to our third-party contract manufacturers, which includes the costs of our raw material components, and personnel costs associated with our supply chain operations. Personnel costs consist of salaries, bonuses and stock-based compensation expense. Our cost of product revenue also includes allocated overhead costs, adjustments to inventory and purchase commitments based on forecasted demand, product warranty costs, amortization of intangible assets pertaining to developed technology, and freight. Allocated overhead costs consist of certain employee benefits and facilities-related costs. We expect our cost of product revenue to increase in absolute dollars as our product revenue increases.

Cost of subscription services revenue primarily consists of personnel costs associated with delivering our subscription and professional services, part replacements, allocated overhead costs, depreciation of infrastructure used to deliver our subscription services, and amortization of capitalized internal-use software. We expect our cost of subscription services revenue to increase in absolute dollars, as our subscription services revenue increases.

Operating expenses consist of research and development, sales and marketing and general and administrative expenses. Salaries and personnel-related costs, including stock-based compensation expense, are the most significant component of each category of operating expenses. Operating expenses also include allocated overhead costs for employee benefits, facilities, and certain information technology costs.

Research and Development. Research and development expenses consist primarily of employee compensation and related expenses, prototype expenses, depreciation associated with assets acquired for research and development, data center and cloud services costs, third-party engineering and contractor support costs, as well as allocated overhead. We expect our research and development expenses to increase in absolute dollars. Key incremental investments will focus on accelerating density of our direct flash modules, and increasing operational scale of our supply chain partners to support expected production deployment ramp in connection with our hyperscale design win for large production deployments starting in fiscal 2027.

Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of employee compensation and related expenses, sales commissions, marketing programs, travel and entertainment expenses as well as allocated overhead. Marketing programs consist of advertising, events, corporate communications and brand-building activities. We expect our sales and marketing expenses to increase in absolute dollars.

General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of employee compensation and related expenses for administrative functions including finance, legal, human resources, facilities, IT and fees for third-party professional services as well as amortization of intangible assets pertaining to defensive technology patents and allocated overhead. We expect our general and administrative expenses to increase in absolute dollars.

Restructuring and Impairment. Restructuring and impairment expenses consist primarily of employee severance and termination benefits, and certain lease impairment and abandonment charges.

Other income (expense), net consists primarily of interest income related to cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, interest expense related to our debt and gains (losses) from foreign currency transactions.

Provision for income taxes consists primarily of income taxes in certain foreign jurisdictions in which we conduct business and current federal and state income taxes in the United States. Our foreign subsidiaries earn a profit margin based upon transfer pricing principles which require an arm’s length return. Our foreign subsidiaries’ sales and marketing expenses are expected to increase over time as we grow, resulting in higher pre-tax foreign earnings and higher foreign income taxes.

We have provided a full valuation allowance for U.S. deferred tax assets, which includes net operating loss carryforwards, capitalized research costs, and tax credits related primarily to research and development. When considering our historical earnings trend, sufficient positive evidence may become available where we will release all or a portion of the valuation allowance within 12 months. Release of the valuation allowance would result in the recognition of certain deferred tax assets and a decrease to income tax expense for the period the release is recorded.

We operate using a 52/53 week fiscal year ending on the first Sunday after January 30. Fiscal 2024 and 2025 were both 52-week years that ended on February 4, 2024 and February 2, 2025, respectively. Unless otherwise stated, all dates refer to our fiscal years.

The slight increase in product revenue during fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024 was primarily driven by sales of our FlashBlade//E and FlashArray//E solutions. The increase in subscription services revenue during fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024 was largely driven by renewals of our Evergreen subscription services across our installed base and increased revenue from our Evergreen//One offering.

During fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024, total revenue in the United States grew by 12% from $2.0 billion to $2.2 billion, while total rest of the world revenue grew by 13% from $851.3 million to $960.8 million.

We use Subscription ARR as a key business metric to evaluate the performance of subscription services. Subscription ARR should be viewed independently of revenue, deferred revenue and remaining performance obligations and is not intended as a substitute for any of these items.

Subscription ARR is calculated as the total annualized contract value of all active customer subscription agreements at the end of a fiscal quarter, plus on-demand revenue for the quarter multiplied by four. Contract values are established prior to any adjustments made in accordance with ASC 606.

The following table sets forth our Subscription ARR for the periods presented:

The year-over-year growth in our Subscription ARR at the end of fiscal 2025 was 21% compared to growth of 25% in fiscal 2024. Year-over-year growth in subscription ARR to 21% was impacted by lower Total Contract Value (TCV) sales of Evergreen//One.

Total remaining performance obligations (RPO) which is total contracted but not recognized revenue was $2.6 billion at the end of fiscal 2025, and includes non-cancelable TCV sales for our storage-as-a-service offerings, including Evergreen//One, Evergreen//Flex, and Cloud Block Store consumption and subscription based offerings, as well as $41.1 million of non-cancelable product orders. RPO consists of both deferred revenue and non-cancelable amounts that are expected to be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. Product orders are generally cancelable until delivery has occurred, and as such, unfulfilled product orders that are cancelable are excluded from RPO. Cancelable orders will fluctuate depending on numerous factors.

TCV sales for our storage-as-a-service offerings is a key business metric we use to evaluate the performance of our consumption and subscription based offerings. TCV sales for these offerings include recurring subscription fees, any non-recurring charges such as initial setup fees, and any other billable services directly tied to the execution of the underlying service contract. The year-over-year growth in RPO to 14% at the end of fiscal 2025 compared to 31% at the end of fiscal 2024 was primarily due to lower TCV sales of Evergreen//One. TCV sales of Evergreen//One was impacted by both extended closing timelines for larger Evergreen//One opportunities and increased conversion to a traditional sale of our higher velocity Evergreen//One opportunities.

We expect to recognize approximately 48% of total RPO over the next 12 months, and the remainder thereafter. RPO is expected to increase as our subscription services business grows over time.

The decrease in product gross margin during fiscal 2025 when compared to fiscal 2024 was primarily due to increasing sales of our FlashBlade//E, FlashArray//E, and FlashArray//C solutions as customers’ transition their cost-sensitive workloads from traditional disk solutions to flash. We also experienced higher QLC component costs that were partially offset by lower excess and obsolete charges.

The increase in subscription services gross margin during fiscal 2025 when compared to fiscal 2024 was primarily driven by (i) lower depreciation expense from increasing the estimated useful lives of assets supporting our Evergreen//One offering during the third quarter of fiscal 2025 and (ii) continued optimization and increased efficiencies in our technical services operations, combined with cost benefits from automating our service logistics workflows that support delivery of our Evergreen subscription services to our installed base. Our Evergreen//One offering, supported by our own infrastructure, demonstrate a longer estimated life as a result of deriving benefits from our technology and Evergreen support. These lower costs were partially offset by additional stock-based compensation resulting from a modification of our fiscal 2024 performance restricted stock units (PRSUs).

Stock-based compensation expense in fiscal 2025 included $36.6 million relating to a modification of our fiscal 2024 PRSUs that was recognized in the first quarter of fiscal 2025, contributing to higher stock-based compensation expense when compared to fiscal 2024. Refer to Note 11 of Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.

In addition, operating expenses during fiscal 2025 were positively impacted as a result of the workforce alignment that we initiated in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024.

The increase in research and development expense during fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024 was primarily driven by an increase in employee compensation and related costs, including stock-based compensation, and, to a lesser extent, an increase in outside services costs, and higher data center and cloud services costs.

The increase in sales and marketing expense during fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024 was primarily due to an increase in employee compensation and related costs, including stock-based compensation and, to a lesser extent, higher travel costs.

The increase in general and administrative expense during fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024 was primarily due to higher stock-based compensation.

During fiscal 2025, we recognized $15.9 million of restructuring and impairment costs. We recognized $9.5 million of incremental restructuring costs primarily related to one-time severance and other termination benefits associated with the workforce realignment plan discussed below. We also recognized $6.4 million in incremental abandonment and impairment charges related to certain leases associated with our former corporate headquarters. The incremental impairment charge was due to a revision to the underlying sublease assumptions during fiscal 2025.

During fiscal 2024, we recognized $33.6 million of restructuring and impairment costs related to severance and other termination benefits associated with a workforce realignment that was initiated in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024, and the cease use of our former headquarters during the second quarter of fiscal 2024.

The increase in other income (expense), net during fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024 was primarily due to an increase in interest income from a larger balance in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities and a higher interest rate environment, partially offset by higher net foreign exchange losses as the U.S. dollar strengthened relative to certain foreign currencies.

The increase in provision for income taxes during fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024 was primarily due to an increase in profits generated in our foreign jurisdictions.

At the end of fiscal 2025, we had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $1.5 billion. Our cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of bank deposits and money market accounts. Our marketable securities generally consist of highly rated debt instruments of the U.S. government and its agencies, debt instruments of highly rated corporations, debt instruments issued by foreign governments, and asset-backed securities.

We believe our existing cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and revolving credit facility will be sufficient to fund our operating and capital needs for at least the next 12 months. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors including our sales growth, the timing and extent of capital spending to support development efforts including investments to scale operations in support of our recent hyperscale design win with Meta, growth of our Evergreen//One offering, the addition or closure of office space, the timing of new product introductions, our share repurchases, the timing of renewal and/or repayment of borrowings under the revolving credit facility, and cash payments for tax withholding obligations for equity awards held by employees. We may continue to enter into arrangements to acquire or invest in complementary businesses, services and technologies, including intellectual property and other licensing rights. We may enter into equipment financing arrangements and seek additional equity or debt financing in the future.

At the end of fiscal 2025, we had non-cancelable contractual purchase obligations of $540.1 million, of which $385.9 million is short-term. These purchase obligations primarily includes non-cancelable inventory purchase commitments with contract manufacturers and suppliers, software service contracts, and hosting arrangements.

At the end of fiscal 2025, aggregate future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases and finance leases were $219.2 million, of which $55.8 million is short-term. Non-cancelable operating leases include leases that have been executed, but not yet commenced. We lease office and data center facilities under operating leases expiring through July 2032 and lease certain engineering test equipment under finance leases.

In August 2020, we entered into a Credit Agreement with a consortium of financial institutions and lenders that provides for a five-year, senior secured revolving credit facility of $300.0 million (Credit Facility). Proceeds from the Credit Facility may be used for general corporate purposes and working capital. The Credit Facility expires, absent default or early termination by us, on August 24, 2025. In March 2023, we amended the Credit Facility to transition LIBOR to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) effective April 1, 2023. The annual interest rates applicable to loans under the Credit Facility are, at our option, equal to either a base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.50% to 1.25% or term SOFR (based on one, three, or six-month interest periods), subject to a floor of 0%, plus a margin ranging from 1.50% to 2.25%. Interest on revolving loans is payable quarterly in arrears with respect to loans based on the base rate and at the end of an interest period in the case of loans based on term SOFR (or at each three-month interval, if the interest period is longer than three months). We are also required to pay a commitment fee on the unused portion of the commitments ranging from 0.25% to 0.40% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears.

The outstanding balance of $100.0 million at the end of fiscal 2025 bore weighted-average interest at an annual rate of approximately 6.59% based on a one-month term SOFR period resulting in interest expense of $6.6 million during fiscal 2025.

Loans under the Credit Facility are collateralized by substantially all of our assets and subject to certain restrictions and two financial ratios measured as of the last day of each fiscal quarter: a consolidated leverage ratio not to exceed 4.5:1 and an interest coverage ratio not to be less than 3:1. We were in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Facility at the end of fiscal 2025.

In February 2024, our Board of Directors authorized a $250.0 million increase to repurchase shares of our common stock under our share repurchase program, of which $21.5 million remained available at the end of fiscal 2025. In February 2025, our Board of Directors authorized an additional $250.0 million to repurchase shares of our common stock, increasing the total remaining authorization amount to $271.5 million. The authorization allows us to repurchase shares of our common stock opportunistically and will be funded from available working capital. Repurchases may be made at management’s discretion from time to time on the open market through privately negotiated transactions, transactions structured through investment banking institutions, block purchase techniques, 10b5-1 trading plans, or a combination of the foregoing. The share repurchase program does not obligate us to acquire any of our common stock, has no end date, and may be suspended or discontinued by us at any time without prior notice. During fiscal 2025, we repurchased and retired 6.7 million shares of common stock at an average purchase price of $55.57 per share for an aggregate repurchase price of $373.8 million.

In June 2024, we extended the net-share settlement of equity awards to the majority of our employees by withholding shares upon vesting to satisfy tax withholding obligations whereas previously, shares were sold to cover such tax withholding obligations. This change resulted in the withholding of approximately 3.5 million shares to cover $208.8 million in tax withholding obligations during fiscal 2025 compared to 0.9 million shares to cover $30.0 million in tax withholding obligations during fiscal 2024.

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented (in thousands):

 

									Fiscal Year Ended
									2024						2025
Net cash provided by operating activities									$	677,722					$	753,098
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities									$	3,246					$	(217,700)
Net cash used in financing activities									$	(560,235)					$	(509,779)

Cash provided by operating activities consists of net income, adjusted for non-cash items and changes in operating assets and liabilities. Non-cash items primarily included stock-based compensation and depreciation and amortization. The year-over-year increase in net cash provided by operating activities was primarily driven by higher net income of $132.0 million, when excluding non-cash items, partially offset by a decrease of $56.1 million from changes in operating assets and liabilities. The decrease from changes in operating assets and liabilities were primarily impacted by prepayments for certain software license and subscription services, partially offset by lower deferred commissions and accounts receivable due to timing of collections.

Our primary source of cash from operating activities during fiscal 2024 and 2025 were from cash collections from billings for sales of our product and subscription services.

Our primary uses of cash from operating activities during fiscal 2024 and 2025 were payments to our contract manufacturers, payments for employee compensation, and general corporate operating expenditures.

Net cash used in investing activities during fiscal 2025 was driven by $226.7 million in capital expenditures and the purchase of a strategic investment. Key capital expenditures included investments for: (a) testing new products and services, including for our recent design win with Meta; (b) accelerating density of our direct flash modules; and (c) developing our Pure Fusion v2 solution. Cash outflows were partially offset by maturities and net sales of marketable securities of $41.4 million.

Net cash provided by investing activities during fiscal 2024 was driven by maturities and net sales of marketable securities of $193.4 million, partially offset by capital expenditures of $195.2 million relating to test equipment for new product innovation, and equipment supporting our growing Evergreen//One offering, as well as the construction of our headquarters facility.

Net cash used in financing activities during fiscal 2025 was primarily driven by cash outflows related to share repurchases of $374.0 million, and tax withholding remittances on vesting of equity awards of $206.6 million, partially offset by issuance of common stock under our employee stock purchase plan (ESPP) of $51.7 million, and exercise of stock options of $27.2 million. The year-over-year increase in tax withholding remittances on vested equity awards was due to extending the net-share settlement of equity awards to satisfy tax withholding obligations to the majority of our employees in June 2024 whereas previously, shares were sold to cover such tax withholding obligations.

Net cash used in financing activities during fiscal 2024 was primarily driven by cash outflows related to the repayment of the principal amount of the Convertible Senior Notes of approximately $575.0 million, share repurchases of $135.8 million, and tax withholding remittances on vested equity awards of $30.0 million, partially offset by proceeds from borrowing under the Credit Facility of $100.0 million, issuance of common stock under our ESPP of $45.1 million, and exercise of stock options of $39.8 million.

Through the end of fiscal 2025, we did not have any relationships with any entities or financial partnerships, such as structured finance or special purpose entities established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other purposes.

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses, and related disclosures. A summary of significant accounting policies applicable to our consolidated financial statements is included in Note 2 of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8. We deem an accounting policy to be critical if the nature of the estimate or assumption it incorporates is subject to material level of judgment related to matters that are highly uncertain and changes in those estimates and assumptions are reasonably likely to materially impact our consolidated financial statements.

We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our estimates and judgments are based on historical experience, forecasted events and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Our actual results could differ from these estimates.

We believe the accounting policy below has the most significant impact on our consolidated financial statements and require management’s most difficult, subjective, or complex judgments.

Our revenue is derived from sales of our integrated storage hardware and embedded licensed software products and subscription services which also includes support and maintenance and professional services. We enter into contracts with customers that may include combinations of these products and subscription services, resulting in arrangements containing multiple promised performance obligations.

Determining whether our products and subscription services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment. For these contracts, we account for individual performance obligations separately if they are distinct.

Revenue is recognized when, or as, control of the promised products or subscription services is transferred to the customer at the transaction price. The transaction price is determined based on the consideration which we will be entitled to in exchange for transferring goods or services to the customer. Transaction price may be adjusted for variable consideration which we estimate by applying the expected value or most likely estimate and subsequently update at each reporting period as additional information becomes available.

To recognize revenue for the products and subscription services for which control has been transferred, we allocate the transaction price for the contract among the identified performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price (SSP) basis. We establish SSP for most of our products and subscription services based on the observable price of the products or subscription services when sold separately in similar circumstances to similar customers. When the SSP is not directly observable through historical transactions, we estimate SSP based on management judgment by considering available data, such as internal margin objectives, pricing strategies, approved pricing guidelines, market/competitive conditions, historical profitability data, as well as other observable inputs. We establish SSP ranges for our products and subscription services and reassess them periodically.

Refer to Note 2 of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

We have operations both within the United States and internationally, and we are exposed to market risk in the ordinary course of our business.

Our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities primarily consist of bank deposits and money market accounts, highly rated debt instruments of the U.S. government and its agencies, debt instruments of highly rated corporations, debt instruments issued by foreign governments, and asset-backed securities. At the end of fiscal 2024 and 2025, we had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $1.5 billion. The carrying amount of our cash equivalents reasonably approximates fair value, due to the short maturities of these instruments. The primary objectives of our investment activities are the preservation of capital, the fulfillment of liquidity needs and the fiduciary control of cash and investments. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes. Our investments are exposed to market risk due to fluctuation in interest rates, which may affect our interest income and the fair value of our investments.

We considered the historical volatility of short-term interest rates and determined that it was reasonably possible that an adverse change of 100 basis points could be experienced in the near term. A hypothetical 1.00% (100 basis points) increase in interest rates would have resulted in a decrease in the fair value of our marketable securities of approximately $8.8 million as of the end of fiscal 2025.

Our sales contracts are primarily denominated in U.S. dollars with a proportionally small number of contracts denominated in foreign currencies. A portion of our operating expenses are incurred outside the United States and denominated in foreign currencies and are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly changes in the British pound, Euro and Yen. Additionally, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may cause us to recognize transaction gains and losses in our statement of operations. Given the impact of foreign currency exchange rates has not been material to our historical operating results, we have not entered into any derivative or hedging transactions, but we may do so in the future if our exposure to foreign currency exchange should become more significant.

We considered the historical trends in currency exchange rates and determined that it was reasonably possible that adverse changes in exchange rates of 10% for all currencies could be experienced in the near term. These reasonably possible adverse changes in exchange rates of 10% were applied to total monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollar at the end of fiscal 2025 to compute the adverse impact these changes would have had on our income before income taxes in the near term. These changes would have resulted in an adverse impact on income before provision for income taxes of approximately $9.0 million at the end of fiscal 2025.

 

			Page
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm			53
Consolidated Balance Sheets			56
Consolidated Statements of Operations			57
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income			58
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity			59
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows			60
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements			61

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Pure Storage, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of February 4, 2024 and February 2, 2025, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended February 2, 2025, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of February 4, 2024 and February 2, 2025, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended February 2, 2025 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of February 2, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 26, 2025 expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

The Company generates revenue from product revenue and subscription services revenue. For contracts that contain multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on a relative standalone selling price. The standalone selling price is determined based on the price at which the performance obligation is sold separately, or if not observable through past transactions, is estimated taking into account available information such as market conditions and internally approved pricing guidelines related to performance obligations. The determination of the standalone selling price requires management to make significant estimates and judgments related to market conditions and pricing guidelines.

We identified the determination of standalone selling price as a critical audit matter because of the significant judgments made by management in estimating standalone selling price when the price at which the performance obligation sold separately is not available. This required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort to perform qualitative evaluations of the audit evidence related to management’s determination of the standalone selling price.

Our audit procedures related to standalone selling price included the following, among others:

•We tested the effectiveness of controls over the Company’s methodology and determination of standalone selling price.

•We evaluated the appropriateness of the Company’s methodology used to determine standalone selling price by comparing to historical analysis completed by the Company, internal forecasts, practices observed in the industry, and other significant assumptions.

•We tested the underlying data that served as the basis for the Company’s analysis and the mathematical accuracy of such analysis and verified the consistent application of the methodology of establishing standalone selling price.

•We evaluated the reasonableness of the Company’s overall conclusion of standalone selling price.

•We tested the allocation of the transaction price among performance obligations based on relative standalone selling price.

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2013.

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Pure Storage, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of February 2, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of February 2, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended February 2, 2025, of the Company and our report dated March 26, 2025, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

(in thousands, except per share data)

			At the End of Fiscal
			2024						2025
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents			$	702,536					$	723,583
Marketable securities			828,557						798,237
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $1,060 and $940			662,179						680,862
Inventory			42,663						42,810
Deferred commissions, current			88,712						99,286
Prepaid expenses and other current assets			173,407						222,501
Total current assets			2,498,054						2,567,279
Property and equipment, net			352,604						461,731
Operating lease right-of-use assets			129,942						146,655
Deferred commissions, non-current			215,620						229,334
Intangible assets, net			33,012						19,074
Goodwill			361,427						361,427
Restricted cash			9,595						12,553
Other assets, non-current			55,506						165,889
Total assets			$	3,655,760					$	3,963,942
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable			$	82,757					$	112,385
Accrued compensation and benefits			250,257						230,040
Accrued expenses and other liabilities			135,755						156,791
Operating lease liabilities, current			44,668						43,489
Deferred revenue, current			852,247						953,836
Debt, current			—						100,000
Total current liabilities			1,365,684						1,596,541
Long-term debt			100,000						—
Operating lease liabilities, non-current			123,201						137,277
Deferred revenue, non-current			742,275						841,467
Other liabilities, non-current			54,506						82,182
Total liabilities			2,385,666						2,657,467
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, par value of $0.0001 per share— 20,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding			—						—
Class A and Class B common stock, par value of $0.0001 per share— 2,250,000 (Class A 2,000,000, Class B 250,000) shares authorized; 319,523 and 326,102 Class A shares issued and outstanding			32						33
Additional paid-in capital			2,749,595						2,674,500
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)			(3,782)						954
Accumulated deficit			(1,475,751)						(1,369,012)
Total stockholders’ equity			1,270,094						1,306,475
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity			$	3,655,760					$	3,963,942

 

			Fiscal Year Ended
			2023						2024						2025
Revenue:
Product			$	1,792,153					$	1,622,869					$	1,699,494
Subscription services			961,281						1,207,752						1,468,670
Total revenue			2,753,434						2,830,621						3,168,164
Cost of revenue:
Product			569,793						472,430						575,347
Subscription services			285,995						337,000						380,108
Total cost of revenue			855,788						809,430						955,455
Gross profit			1,897,646						2,021,191						2,212,709
Operating expenses:
Research and development			692,528						736,764						804,405
Sales and marketing			883,609						945,021						1,020,914
General and administrative			237,996						252,243						286,231
Restructuring and impairment			—						33,612						15,901
Total operating expenses			1,814,133						1,967,640						2,127,451
Income from operations			83,513						53,551						85,258
Other income (expense), net			8,295						37,035						62,576
Income before provision for income taxes			91,808						90,586						147,834
Provision for income taxes			18,737						29,275						41,095
Net income			$	73,071					$	61,311					$	106,739
Net income per share attributable to common stockholders, basic			$	0.24					$	0.20					$	0.33
Net income per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted			$	0.23					$	0.19					$	0.31
Weighted-average shares used in computing net income per share attributable to common stockholders, basic			299,478						311,831						325,774
Weighted-average shares used in computing net income per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted			339,184						332,568						342,704

 

 

Pure Storage, Inc. (the Company, we, us, or other similar pronouns) was originally incorporated in the state of Delaware in October 2009 under the name OS76, Inc. In January 2010, we changed our name to Pure Storage, Inc. We are headquartered in Santa Clara, California and have wholly owned subsidiaries throughout the world.

We operate using a 52/53 week fiscal year ending on the first Sunday after January 30. Fiscal 2023, 2024, and 2025 were 52-week years that ended on February 5, 2023, February 4, 2024 and February 2, 2025, respectively. Unless otherwise stated, all dates refer to our fiscal years.

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and our wholly owned subsidiaries and have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates and assumptions due to risks and uncertainties. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, the determination of standalone selling price for revenue arrangements with multiple performance obligations when the price at which the performance obligation sold separately or observable past transactions are not available, useful lives of intangible assets and property and equipment, the period of benefit for deferred contract costs for commissions, fair value for certain stock-based awards, provision for income taxes including related reserves, fair value of leases and impairment of related right-of-use (ROU) assets. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions which management believes to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities.

The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are remeasured to the functional currency at the average exchange rate in effect during the period. At the end of each reporting period, monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured at historical exchange rates. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recorded in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations.

Financial instruments that are exposed to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, and accounts receivable. At the end of fiscal 2024 and 2025, the majority of our cash and cash equivalents are primarily invested with two global financial institutions and our deposits exceed federally insured limits. These two global financial institutions were identified by the Financial Stability Board in 2024 as being global systemically important banks and are allocated to buckets 3 or higher. Our investments are intended to facilitate liquidity and capital preservation and consist predominantly of highly-rated fixed income securities. Our investment policy also requires diversification of investment type and credit exposures, and includes certain limits on portfolio duration. Management believes that the financial institutions that hold our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities are financially sound and, accordingly, are subject to minimal credit risk.

We define a customer as an entity that purchases our products and services from one of our channel partners or from us directly. A substantial amount of our revenue and accounts receivable are derived from the United States across a multitude of industries. We perform ongoing evaluations to determine partner and customer credit.

No customer or channel partner represented more than 10 percent of revenue for fiscal 2023 and 2025. One customer represented more than 10 percent of total accounts receivable at the end of fiscal 2024 and 2025 and more than 10 percent of revenue for fiscal 2024.

We rely on a limited number of contract manufacturers and suppliers of components for our products. In instances where contract manufacturers and suppliers fail to perform their obligations, we may be unable to find alternative contract manufacturers and suppliers or satisfactorily deliver our products to our customers on time.

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash in banks and highly liquid investments, primarily money market accounts and U.S. government treasury notes, purchased with an original maturity of three months or less.

We classify our marketable securities as available-for-sale (AFS) at the time of purchase and reevaluate such classification at each balance sheet date. We may sell these securities at any time for use in current operations even if they have not yet reached maturity. As a result, we classify our securities, including those with maturities beyond twelve months, as current assets in the consolidated balance sheets. We carry these securities at estimated fair value and record unrealized gains and losses in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), which is reflected as a component of stockholders’ equity. We evaluate our AFS debt securities with an unamortized cost basis in excess of estimated fair value to determine what amount of that difference, if any, is caused by expected credit losses. Credit-related impairment losses, not to exceed the amount that fair value is less than the amortized cost basis, are recognized through an allowance for credit losses with changes in the allowance for credit losses recognized as a charge to other income (expense), net, in the consolidated statements of operations. Any remaining impairment is included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as a component of stockholders’ equity. Realized gains and losses from the sale of marketable securities are determined based on the specific identification method and are reported in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations.

Our strategic investments consist primarily of equity investments in privately-held companies without readily determinable fair values in which we do not own a controlling interest or exercise significant influence. These investments are recorded at cost using the fair value measurement alternative and are adjusted for observable price changes from orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer or impairment events. Additionally, we assess these investments quarterly for impairment. Adjustments and impairments, if any, are recorded in other income (expense), net on the consolidated statements of operations.

Deferred compensation payments are held in investment accounts within a consolidated NQDC trust. The trust is classified in other assets, non-current on the consolidated balance sheets as the funds in the trust are not available for use in our operations. The value of the trust is adjusted each quarter based on the fair value of the underlying investments which are considered trading securities, with unrealized gains and losses classified as other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations.

Our obligation with respect to the NQDC trust is recorded in other liabilities, non-current on the consolidated balance sheets. Increases or decreases in the fair value of the NQDC trust liability are recognized as compensation expense in the consolidated statements of operations. There is no net impact to our net income from the fair value adjustments as changes in the fair value of the investment accounts held in the NQDC trust and the NQDC trust liability offset.

The carrying value of our financial instruments, including cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and debt, approximates fair value.

Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount, and stated at realizable value, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Credit is extended to partners and customers based on an evaluation of their financial condition and other factors. We generally do not require collateral or other security to support accounts receivable. We perform ongoing credit evaluations and maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts.

We assess the collectability of the accounts by taking into consideration the aging of our trade receivables, historical experience, and management judgment. We write off trade receivables against the allowance when management determines a balance is uncollectible and no longer actively pursues collection of the receivable.

Changes to the allowance for doubtful accounts balance during fiscal 2023, 2024 and 2025 were not material.

Restricted cash is associated with our letters of credit for leases and certain employee-related benefits. At the end of fiscal 2024 and 2025, we had restricted cash of $9.6 million and $14.2 million. Our restricted cash balance at the end of fiscal 2025 includes $1.6 million in prepaid expenses and other current assets on our consolidated balance sheets.

Inventory consists of finished goods and component parts, which are purchased from contract manufacturers. Product demonstration units, which we regularly sell, are the primary component of our inventories. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the specific identification method for finished goods and weighted-average method for component parts. We account for excess and obsolete inventory by reducing the carrying value to the estimated net realizable value of the inventory based upon management’s assumptions about future demand and market conditions.

In addition, we record a liability for firm, non-cancelable and unconditional purchase commitments with contract manufacturers and suppliers for quantities in excess of future demand forecasts consistent with excess and obsolete inventory valuations. The liabilities for these purchase commitments amounted to $23.6 million and $13.6 million at the end of fiscal 2024 and 2025 and are reported in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets (test and infrastructure equipment—5 to 7 years, computer equipment and software—4 to 7 years, furniture and fixtures—7 years). Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the remaining lease term. Depreciation commences once the asset is placed in service.

In accordance with our accounting practices, we review the estimated useful lives of our property and equipment on an ongoing basis. In the third quarter of fiscal 2025, management determined that the estimated useful lives of our test and infrastructure equipment and assets supporting our Evergreen//One offerings should be revised from 4 years to a range of 5 to 7 years. The change in estimated useful lives was recognized on a prospective basis effective at the beginning of the third quarter of fiscal 2025. The effect of this change in estimate resulted in an aggregate reduction to depreciation expense and corresponding increase in net income of $20.1 million, or $0.06 per basic and diluted share, during fiscal 2025.

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price consideration over the estimated fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment annually in the fourth quarter of our fiscal year as a single reporting unit, and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable. We may elect to qualitatively assess whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting unit is less than its carrying value. If we opt not to qualitatively assess, a quantitative goodwill impairment test is performed. The quantitative test compares our reporting unit’s carrying amount, including goodwill, to its fair value calculated based on our enterprise value. If the carrying amount exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized for the excess.

Purchased intangible assets with finite lives are stated at cost, net of accumulated amortization. We amortize our intangible assets on a straight-line basis over an estimated useful life of three to seven years.

We review our long-lived assets, including property and equipment, finite-lived intangible assets and ROU assets associated with leased facilities, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. We measure the recoverability of these assets by comparing the carrying amounts to the future undiscounted cash flows the assets are expected to generate. If the total of the future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of an asset, we record an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value.

Deferred commissions consist of variable sales costs paid to our sales force to obtain customer contracts. Deferred commissions related to product revenue are recognized upon transfer of control to customers. As the deferred commissions paid for initial contracts are not commensurate with the amounts paid for renewal contracts, such amounts are amortized over an expected benefit period of six years. We determine the expected benefit period by evaluating our technology development life cycle, expected customer relationship period and other factors. Deferred commissions paid for renewal contracts are amortized over the related contractual period. We classify deferred commissions as current and non-current in our consolidated balance sheets based on the timing of when we expect to recognize the expense. Amortization of deferred commissions is included in sales and marketing expense in the consolidated statements of operations.

We assess whether an arrangement contains a lease at inception and, if so, we evaluate the classification of the lease as operating or finance. Lease liabilities are recognized at the present value of the future lease payments at commencement date. The interest rate implicit in our operating and finance leases is not readily determinable, and therefore an incremental borrowing rate is estimated to determine the present value of future payments. The estimated incremental borrowing rate factors in a hypothetical interest rate on a collateralized basis with similar terms, payments, and economic environments. The lease ROU asset is determined based on the lease liability initially established and reduced for any prepaid lease payments and any lease incentives. We account for the lease and non-lease components of operating and finance lease contract consideration as a single lease component.

Certain of the operating lease agreements contain rent concession, rent escalation, and option to renew provisions. Rent concession and rent escalation provisions are considered in determining the lease cost. Lease cost under our operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term commencing on the date we have the right to use the leased property. We generally use the base, non-cancelable, lease term when recognizing the lease assets and liabilities, unless it is reasonably certain that an extension or termination option will be exercised. In addition, certain of our operating lease agreements contain tenant improvement allowances from our landlords. These allowances are accounted for as lease incentives and reduce our ROU asset and lease cost over the lease term.

For short-term leases (defined as leases that, at the commencement date, have a lease term of twelve months or less, and do not include an option to purchase the underlying asset that we are reasonably certain to exercise), we recognize rent expense in our consolidated statements of operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term and record variable lease payments as incurred.

Our finance leases contain a purchase option at the end of the lease term that we are reasonably certain to exercise. As such, we include the purchase option in the measurement of the finance lease liability and utilize the useful life of the underlying assets as the period to amortize the finance lease ROU assets over on a straight-line basis. We record interest expense for finance lease liabilities based on the incremental borrowing rate. Assets recognized are included in property and equipment, net, and the short and long-term lease liabilities are included in accrued expenses and other liabilities, non-current, in the consolidated balance sheets.

We will at times lease our data storage solutions and subscription services. Total net consideration is allocated to each component based on relative standalone selling price. The amounts allocated to the lease and non-lease components are accounted for in accordance with ASC 842 and ASC 606, respectively.

For sales-type leases, we recognize the selling profit or loss upfront and a lease receivable equal to the present value of the future lease payments is included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets, non-current in our consolidated balance sheets. The future lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or our incremental borrowing rate if the implicit interest rate cannot be reasonably determined. Lease income associated with sales-type leases are classified as product revenue on our consolidated statements of operations.

For operating leases, we recognize the lease income over the lease term as subscription services revenue on our consolidated statements of operations.

Revenue associated with non-lease components are classified as subscription services revenue on our consolidated statements of operations.

Initial direct costs are incremental costs directly related to negotiating and executing the lease are allocated to the lease and non-lease components based on relative standalone selling price. Initial direct costs allocated to sales-type leases are expensed immediately and included in the selling profit or loss while initial direct costs allocated to operating leases are deferred and amortized on a straight line basis over the lease term as an operating expense.

Deferred revenue primarily consists of amounts that have been invoiced but have not yet been recognized as revenue and performance obligations pertaining to subscription services. The current portion of deferred revenue represents the amounts that are expected to be recognized as revenue within one year of the consolidated balance sheet dates.

We generate revenue from two sources: (1) product revenue which includes the sale of integrated storage hardware and embedded licensed operating system software and (2) subscription services revenue which includes primarily our portfolio of Evergreen offerings. Subscription services revenue also include our professional services offerings such as installation and implementation consulting services.

We typically recognize product revenue upon transfer of control to our customers and the satisfaction of our performance obligations. For Evergreen//Flex, product revenue is recognized upon the commencement of the underlying subscription services. Products are typically shipped directly by us to customers.

We recognize subscription services revenue from Evergreen//Forever and Evergreen//Flex ratably over the contractual term, which generally ranges from one to six years. The majority of our product solutions are sold with either a Evergreen//Forever or Evergreen//Flex subscription service agreement, which begins upon either transfer of control of the corresponding products or commencement of the subscription services to our customers. In addition, the subscription service agreement provides our customers with a new controller based upon certain contractual terms. The controller refresh represents a separate performance obligation that is included within the subscription service agreement and the allocated revenue is recognized upon shipment of the controller. Costs associated with Evergreen//Forever and Evergreen//Flex subscription services are expensed when incurred.

Our Evergreen//Forever and Evergreen//Flex subscription services also include the right to receive unspecified software updates and upgrades on a when-and-if-available basis, software bug fixes, replacement parts and other services related to the underlying infrastructure, as well as access to our cloud-based management and support platform.

For Evergreen//One, subscription services revenue is recognized over the contractual term on a consumption basis, beginning on the commencement date of the underlying subscription services to our customers. Our Evergreen//One subscription services agreement generally includes a minimum usage commitment amount as well as fees for usage in excess of such amount.

We also sell professional services such as installation and implementation consulting services and the related revenue is recognized as services are performed.

We recognize revenue upon the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This is achieved through applying the following five-step approach:

•Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer

•Identification of the performance obligations in the contract

•Determination of the transaction price

•Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

•Recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation

When applying this five-step approach, we apply judgment in determining the customer’s ability and intention to pay, which is based on a variety of factors including the customer’s historical payment experience and/or published credit and financial information pertaining to the customer. To the extent a customer contract includes multiple promised goods or services, we determine whether promised goods or services should be accounted for as a separate performance obligation. The transaction price is determined based on the consideration which we will be entitled to in exchange for transferring goods or services to the customer. For contracts that contain multiple performance obligations, we allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation based on a relative standalone selling price (SSP). The SSP is determined based on the price at which the performance obligation is sold separately, or if not observable through past transactions, is estimated taking into account available information such as market conditions and internally approved pricing guidelines related to performance obligations.

We generally provide a three-year warranty on hardware and a 90-day warranty on our software embedded in the hardware that commences upon shipment. Our hardware warranty provides for parts replacement for defective components and our software warranty provides for bug fixes. Our Evergreen subscription agreement provides for the same parts replacement that customers are entitled to under our warranty program, except that replacement parts are delivered according to targeted response times to minimize disruption to our customers’ critical business applications. Substantially all customers purchase Evergreen subscription agreements. We will establish a warranty reserve for specifically identified products if and when we determine we have systemic product failure. Our estimate for future estimated costs related to warranty activities is based upon historical product failure rates and historical costs incurred in correcting product failures. Warranty reserves at the end of fiscal 2024 and 2025 were not material.

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs consist primarily of employee compensation and related expenses, prototype expenses, to the extent there is no alternative use for that equipment, depreciation of equipment used in research and development, third-party engineering and contractor support costs, data center and cloud services costs as well as allocated overhead costs.

We expense costs to develop software that is externally marketed before technological feasibility is reached. We have determined that technological feasibility is reached shortly before the release of our products and as a result, the development costs incurred after the establishment of technological feasibility and before the release of those products have not been significant and accordingly, have been expensed as incurred.

We capitalize (i) costs incurred to develop or modify software solely for our internal use, including hosted applications used to deliver our support services, and (ii) certain implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract when the preliminary project stage is complete, management with the relevant authority authorizes and commits to the funding of the software project, and it is probable the project will be completed and used to perform the intended function. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post implementation activities are expensed as incurred.

Software development costs are capitalized to property, plant and equipment and amortized using the straight-line method over an estimated useful life of four years. Software development costs capitalized to property and equipment were $20.7 million and $29.4 million for fiscal 2024 and 2025. Amortization expense for software development costs was $2.2 million, $3.5 million and $4.1 million during fiscal 2023, 2024 and 2025.

Software implementation costs are capitalized to either prepaid and other current assets or other assets, non-current in our consolidated balance sheets and amortized over the terms of the associated hosting arrangements. Software implementation costs capitalized were $4.3 million and $0.6 million for fiscal 2024 and 2025. Amortization expense for software implementation costs was $1.5 million, $2.4 million and $4.0 million during fiscal 2023, 2024 and 2025.

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expenses were $11.1 million, $11.3 million and $6.2 million for fiscal 2023, 2024 and 2025.

Stock-based compensation includes expenses related to restricted stock units (RSUs), performance-based restricted stock units (PRSUs), market-based long-term performance incentive restricted stock units (LTP Awards), and restricted stock, stock options and purchase rights issued to employees under our employee stock purchase plan (ESPP).

The fair value of RSUs, PRSUs and restricted stock are measured at the fair market value of the underlying stock at the grant date. The fair value of LTP Awards on the grant date is calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation model that takes into account similar input assumptions as the Black-Scholes option pricing model as well as the possibility that the market condition may not be satisfied and a post-vest holding period discount. We determine the fair value of ESPP purchase rights and stock options on the date of grant utilizing the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which is impacted by the fair value of our common stock, as well as changes in assumptions regarding a number of subjective variables. These variables include the expected common stock price volatility over the term of the purchase rights or options, the expected term of the purchase rights or options, risk-free interest rates and expected dividend yield.

We recognize stock-based compensation expense for stock-based awards with only service conditions on a straight-line basis over the period during which an employee is required to provide services in exchange for the award (generally the vesting period of the award).

For stock-based awards granted to employees that include a performance condition, we recognize stock-based compensation expense for these awards under the accelerated attribution method over the requisite service period when management determines it is probable that the performance condition will be satisfied.

For stock-based awards granted to employees that include a market condition, we recognize stock-based compensation expense under the accelerated attribution method over the requisite service period. Stock-based compensation expense that was previously recognized is not reversed if the market condition is ultimately not met.

We account for forfeitures as they occur for all stock-based awards.

Personnel-related restructuring charges include severance and other separation costs associated with workforce realignment action plans. We accrue for these costs when it is probable that the benefits will be paid and the amount is reasonably estimable if the costs are associated with a substantive ongoing benefit arrangement, including amounts that are mandated pursuant to a contract or law. We evaluate and adjust the liabilities based on actual costs incurred or changes in estimates. We generally recognize a liability for one-time termination benefit costs based on its fair value at the communication date when management has committed to a termination plan and notified the affected employees.

We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Deferred income taxes are recognized by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced, if necessary, by a valuation allowance to amounts that are more likely than not to be realized.

We recognize tax benefits from uncertain tax positions only if we believe that it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such positions are then measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement.

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires disclosure of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis. We adopted this standard for our annual period beginning fiscal year 2025 on a retrospective basis to all periods presented. The adoption of this standard did not result in a significant change to our consolidated financial statement disclosures. Refer to Note 15—Segment Information and Geographic Areas for further information.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires greater disaggregation of tax information in rate reconciliation and income taxes paid by jurisdiction. ASU 2023-09 will be effective for our fiscal year beginning February 3, 2025, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our financial statement disclosures.