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__________________________

(Mark One)

☒			ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023

For the transition period from ___to _____

Commission File Number 001-31932

__________________________

__________________________

Not Applicable

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes ☐						No ☑

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

Yes ☐						No ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☑						No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that

the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☑						No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to 240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐						No ☑

As of June 30, 2023, the last business day of the registrant’s second fiscal quarter, the aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant (without admitting that any person whose shares are not included in such calculation is an affiliate) was $8,142,696 based on the $2.82 closing sales price of the common stock on The NASDAQ Capital Market on that date (adjusted for the 1:6 reverse stock split effected on July 27, 2023).

As of April 9, 2024, there were 47,667,342 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

None.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, all references to “Ontrak,” “Ontrak, Inc.,” “we,” “us,” “our” or the “Company” mean Ontrak, Inc., its wholly-owned subsidiaries and variable interest entities, except where it is made clear that the term means only the parent company. The Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, is referred to as “common stock" and the Company’s 9.50% Series A Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, is referred to as “Series A Preferred Stock.”

Ontrak, Inc. (“Ontrak,” “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our”) was incorporated in the State of Delaware on September 29, 2003. Ontrak was founded with a passion for engaging with and helping improve the health and save the lives of anyone impacted by behavioral health conditions through our Wholehealth+ solution. We are an artificial intelligence (“AI”)-powered and technology-enabled behavioral healthcare company, whose mission is to help improve the health and save the lives of as many people as possible. Our technology-enabled platform utilizes claim-based analytics and predictive modeling to provide analytic insights throughout the delivery of our personalized care program. Our program predicts people whose chronic disease will improve with behavior change, recommends effective care pathways that people are willing to follow, and engages and guides them to and through the care and treatment they need. By combining predictive analytics with human engagement, we deliver improved member health and validated outcomes and savings to healthcare payors.

The true impact of behavioral health is often under-identified by organizations that provide healthcare benefits. Individuals with unaddressed behavioral health conditions that worsen chronic medical comorbidities cost health plans and employers a disproportionate amount of the total healthcare costs. A recent analysis in Milliman's research report titled “How do individuals with behavioral health conditions contribute to physical and total healthcare spending?” dated August 13, 2020 (the "Milliman research report") found that for the high-cost behavioral health population, who typically have multiple chronic medical comorbidities, insignificant amounts are spent on needed behavioral healthcare. This unaddressed situation not only negatively impacts the lives of these individuals, but also significantly contributes to avoidable spending on healthcare costs associated with their chronic medical comorbidities.

As unmanaged chronic conditions worsen over time, avoidable emergency department and inpatient costs are incurred. As such, engaging this population not only offers health plans a much greater cost savings opportunity compared to lower acuity populations, but also the opportunity to improve the lives and outcomes of their most vulnerable members.

A smaller, high-cost subset of these patients with behavioral health conditions drives the majority of the claims costs for the overall substance dependent population. According to the Milliman research report, the behavioral subgroup patients constituted 5.7% of the total commercial population of insured lives but accounted for 44% of total commercial healthcare costs. Furthermore, adults with anxiety, addiction and/or depressive disorders increased by 300% since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Mental Health America, a large community-based nonprofit dedicated to addressing the needs of those living with mental illness and promoting mental health, indicates in its 2023 report titled “The State of Mental Health in America” that 21% of adults in the United States of America are impacted by mental illness, which is equivalent to over 50 million Americans, of which over half of these adults do not receive any treatment and that approximately 28% of these adults with mental illness were not able to receive the treatment they needed and that this number has not declined since 2011. When considering behavioral health-related costs, many organizations have historically only looked at direct treatment costs–usually behavioral claims. For the members we seek to engage in our solution, costs associated with behavioral health treatment represent a small portion of their overall healthcare claims, while the medical costs associated with their chronic medical conditions are significant as most patients with behavioral health conditions do not receive the appropriate treatment they need for other existing medical conditions.

Our business strategy is to deliver proven, evidence-based clinical and financial outcomes to health plans for their members with unaddressed behavioral conditions that worsen other medical comorbidities. We do this by offering our Wholehealth+ solution, which consists of Ontrak Identify, Ontrak Outreach, Ontrak Engage and Ontrak Access. These solutions enable identifying, engaging and treating these members through our technology-enabled program that focuses on the intersection between behavioral health, physical health and social health. Our advanced AI-supported intervention platform provides enhanced identification, engagement, digital indicators and treatment processes to improve the overall program efficacy and visibility, which provides greater flexibility to tailor treatment for a more personalized and effective behavior health solution designed to address the needs of our members throughout their care journey.

Ontrak is pioneering a new approach to behavioral healthcare, one that infuses AI services into every step of a members' behavioral health journey. The result is an industry-leading Advanced Engagement System, and measurement feedback system, that optimizes program eligibility, member outreach, coaching interaction, provider visits, interoperability of data, and outcomes.

The Company’s identification process includes the ability to customize outreach based on prediction of case complexity, readiness to engage, highest cost to health plans, inappropriate use of hospitalization and gaps in care. The engagement process will enable Ontrak to predict probability of contact based on the member’s preferences, optimal matching of members and coaches, and optimal matching of members and providers. Additionally, digital care indicators will highlight to care coaches when a member is at risk and new mobile experiences will trigger a signal for encouragement when a member is likely to disengage. Treatment will be enhanced by natural language processing of care coach notes and provider visit transcripts, so that these can be rapidly shared between care coaches and providers for valuable engagement signals and real time action throughout the member’s journey. Ontrak’s engagement process is enhanced through 6- and 12-month behavioral health check-ins after graduation to feed the algorithms, inform training, and continuously improve program efficacy. By using end to end AI services across every member’s behavioral health journey, Ontrak can provide payers and providers with better coordinated and easier to measure care.

We believe that in addition to virtual care, a human touch is necessary to keep members engaged in line with their goals. A successful program must take a whole-person approach, individualized to each member, and help members overcome barriers to care and empower them to create durable behavior change. Our unique approach to engage complex, unmanaged populations identifies these members and addresses the various barriers to care that may be impacting them through our proven four-step approach.

Hard-to-engage populations need a high-touch solution. Our Ontrak solution provides personalized, thoughtful plans of care by combining care coaching with innovative psychosocial and medical treatment delivered through a proprietary provider network. The solution is designed to help payors treat and manage populations struggling with substance use disorder, depression and anxiety to improve their health and thereby decrease their overall health care costs.

Enrolled members receive care coaching and the opportunity to participate in telehealth or face-to-face evidence-based psychosocial and pharmacological treatment from our proprietary network of third-party providers. Ontrak care coaches guide members to relevant clinical pathways and providers, and stay connected to each member throughout the 12-month Ontrak program to ensure that social determinants of health are assessed and addressed with the same level of attention as behavioral health risks. Our dedicated care coaches focus on member skill building and personal health goals, while coordinating care with a tightly integrated network of therapists, psychiatrists and addiction specialists who provide behavioral health treatment to address underlying behavioral conditions.

Upon graduation from our Ontrak program, members have overcome barriers to care, realized durable behavior changes, and are actively managing their health by staying engaged with their primary care physician, behavioral provider(s) and health plan. For graduated members, Ontrak's differentiated, high-touch approach to engagement results in lasting improvements in clinical outcomes, while driving significant, durable cost savings for health plans by reducing avoidable emergency department and inpatient utilization.

We believe the benefits of Ontrak program include improved clinical outcomes and decreased costs for the payor, as well as improved quality of life for the member. We provide outcomes reporting to payors on a periodic basis to demonstrate the value of the program. The following provides a summary of the four distinct solutions we offer, which in the aggregate represent Wholehealth+:

Ontrak Identify provides the market with our proprietary AI-enabled predictive algorithms and imputed diagnoses to find those members who are hardest to reach for our prospect base. We specifically focus on members with anxiety, depression and/or substance use disorder(s) by using AI and predictive modeling, applying claims-based analytics to identify health plan members with medical costs that may be impacted through behavioral health treatment with the Ontrak program. We uncover deep, predictive attributes, leveraging advanced data analytics using variety of different features relating to co-occurring medical conditions to identify individuals with unaddressed behavioral health conditions, even absent a diagnosis, that cause or exacerbate chronic medical disease. These members may or may not be diagnosed with a behavioral condition. Whether these members remain in the Ontrak program, or are referred back to our customers for their follow up and treatment, we believe there is value in tailoring solutions to meet the particular needs of each customer.

Ontrak Outreach leverages our best-in-class member enrollment specialists and evidence-based outreach approaches to reach and enroll new members into a plan’s existing offerings. Ontrak has developed superior enrollment expertise through years of successful refinement. Whether we enroll members in Ontrak’s Wholehealth+ or Ontrak Engage or use our expertise to enroll members in our customers’ existing, non-Ontrak programs, there is value in tailoring solutions to meet the particular needs of each customer.

In September 2023, we announced the successful deployment of Axiom Systems TransSend Core EDI Gateway, a cutting-edge solution that not only simplifies the process of managing electronic data interchange (EDI) exchanges with trading partners while complying with federal requirements and best industry practices, but also enables Ontrak to leverage advanced analytics and AI to identify and engage members who need our care the most and improve our data quality and integrity, resulting in faster and more accurate AI-based member identification, outreach, engagement and behavioral healthcare provider access.

With the combination of our AI driven identification of potential members and person-centered outreach methodology, on average, we successfully enroll approximately 48% of eligible and identified members into the Ontrak program.

Ontrak Engage is our cutting-edge coaching model which includes evidence-based techniques and consistent coaching sessions that drive meaningful behavior change. We offer this solution for populations across all acuity levels, with flexibility to support members’ specific needs. Our partnership with a leading AI natural language processing platform now enhances our coaches’ effectiveness through real-time insights on how they engage with members. Whether we provide coaching, or marry it with access to our top-notch provider network, there is value in tailoring solutions to meet the particular needs of each customer.

With behavioral health concerns on the rise, and with social detriments and access barriers continuing to impact how and when these individuals seek care, it has never been more important to engage members who need help. Health plans struggle to effectively engage high-cost members with unaddressed behavioral health issues and chronic disease. Ontrak conducts smarter, more effective outreach on behalf of the health plans through its proven approach to engage costly, complex populations with unaddressed behavioral conditions and chronic disease.

Our engagement process is rooted in understanding the whole person and their individual barriers to healthcare access. Ontrak conducts multichannel outreach under its model of coaching to engage and enroll the members that are identified in its initial identification phase as described above. We use motivational interviewing, which is an evidence-based approach to behavioral change to identify participants' values, goals, needs, abilities and barriers. By understanding members on a more personal level, our team of trained, dedicated member engagement specialists and care coaches work together to remove barriers and drive program engagement, resulting in better retention that leads to better healthcare outcomes for members and reducing avoidable costs for health plans. Ontrak's enrollment specialists and care coaches build trust using a whole-person approach that aligns with each member's individualized concerns and challenges, including understanding their total health needs and identifying and removing barriers to care. Ontrak's model drives exceptionally high member engagement with the program, even among those who have failed in other behavior change programs.

Ontrak Access gives customers the opportunity to develop and monitor their behavioral health networks and improve access and availability, whether or not paired with Ontrak Engage or other components of our program. In May 2023, the Company achieved certification as a Credentials Verification Organization ("CVO") by the National Committee for Quality Assurance ("NCQA") for the element of license to practice, which further allows customers to delegate credentialing to Ontrak as needed. Ontrak Access provides a robust network of over 7,900 contracted providers in 45 states, real-time referrals with appointments within 1-2 weeks, and measurable outcomes driven by coordinated care team collaboration around treatment plan, medication adherence and goal achievement.

Each of the four segmented products described above builds upon our strengths in each area, the whole of which forms the basis for our Ontrak WholeHealth+ comprehensive solution that is still available. We believe that these customized solutions, each with their own pricing model, give us and our potential prospects the flexibility to design the most relevant and effective programs for their members.

We are currently marketing our Ontrak solutions to payors with flexible fee structure, which includes, monthly enrollment fee or fee for service basis, which would also be combined with a shared savings rate.

We market our traditional Wholehealth+ solution, which focuses on the 2-4% of members who are lost to care, have high-cost thresholds, and chronic physical conditions with un- or under-addressed behavioral health needs, which our coaching and therapy model has been proven to address. However, we believe we can help health plan payors, value-based providers, and self-insured employers in their support and care for all of their members with each component of our solutions.

In mid-2021, we presented a landmark behavioral study of the real-world impact of the Ontrak program, called the "Treatment Effect of the Ontrak Program" (the "Treatment Effect Study") at the American Health Insurance Plans event. In December 2022, the Treatment Effect Study was published in the prestigious American Journal of Managed Care. The Treatment Effect Study reviewed healthcare utilization and costs over a 36-month period and compared the outcomes for Ontrak graduates to a propensity-matched group of individuals who were eligible to enroll but did not. The Treatment Effect Study demonstrated our program's ability to effectively help health plans engage hard-to-reach populations and reduce costs by reducing avoidable inpatient utilization and increasing use of productive, preventive care. Health plans saw the following results for each Ontrak graduate in the study:

•$485 per member per month savings, on a statistically significant, difference in difference basis, durable 24     months post-enrollment

•66% reduction in avoidable inpatient utilization

•50% increase in preventive care services

The Treatment Effect Study demonstrates that Ontrak's behavioral health interventions work over the long-term, resulting in better outcomes for members and significant cost-savings for payors, and should be integrated as a critical component of healthcare plans.

In October 2023, the Company announced the preliminary results of a formal evaluation conducted to assess the impact of Ontrak WholeHealth+ program on one of its health plan customer's Medicaid members' medical costs, which showed achievement of $750 per member per month cost savings for its graduated members with the WholeHealth+ program. Preliminary results of this 36-month retrospective observational study have shown statistically significant savings of all-cause medical costs over 24 months of $750 per member per month among our treated group compared with matched controls. This outcome underscores the remarkable effectiveness of the WholeHealth+ program in reducing healthcare expenditures while improving patient outcomes. It also adds results for Medicaid members in addition to previously measured Medicare and Commercial member savings of $485 per member per month as part of Ontrak’s independently validated 2021 Treatment Effect Study discussed above.

We have validated, durable medical claims savings and ROI outcomes across all lines of business, including Medicare, Medicaid and commercial health plan members. In addition to medical claims savings, our members, once enrolled, increase preventive and managed care utilization, closing gaps in care, thereby becoming more self-sustaining individuals. We have been able to evidence clinical improvements of our members with the implementation of the tracking of our member’s PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores over the course of our program. In September 2023, the results of our 9-month post baseline follow-up behavioral health study, leveraging industry-recognized PHQ-9 and GAD-7 assessments, have shown 60% clinically significant (i.e. five point) reduction in anxiety symptoms and 53% clinically significant reduction in depressive symptoms among assessed members.

Under our LifeDojo solution, our science-backed behavior change platform, we provide mental health and wellbeing support to members of employer customers. The LifeDojo approach to member-centric behavior change delivers lasting health improvement outcomes, high enrollment and better engagement than traditional programs, making transformative life changes possible for members.

•In August 2022, approximately 34% of our employee positions were eliminated, which resulted in a reduction of annual compensation costs of approximately $7.7 million and in annual third party costs of approximately $3.0 million.

•In March 2023, approximately 19% of our employee positions were eliminated, which resulted in a reduction of annual compensation costs of approximately $2.7 million.

•In February 2024, approximately 20% of our employee positions were eliminated, which is expected to result in a reduction of annual compensation costs of approximately $2.2 million. The headcount reductions were completed during March 2024.

On October 10, 2023, we were notified by a health plan customer of its intent not to continue using our services after February 2024. The customer advised us to cease enrollment of any new members from that customer immediately. The customer also informed us that the notification was related to the customer’s change in strategy and not reflective of the performance or value of the Company’s services.

The healthcare industry is highly regulated and continues to undergo significant changes. Healthcare companies are subject to extensive and complex federal, state and local laws, regulations and judicial decisions. For more information about regulatory matters, see discussion under "Risks related to our healthcare industry" in Item 1A - Risk Factors of this Form 10-K.

As of December 31, 2023, we had a total of 104 employees, which included 102 full-time, two part-time employees, and represented a 13% year-over-year decrease in our total employee headcount, reflecting the reduction in workforce discussed above. A majority of our employee base is comprised of care coaches, member engagement specialists and other staff directly involved in member care, as well as research and development, engineering and administrative team members.

We expect our headcount to continue to fluctuate for the foreseeable future as we continue to focus on building operational efficiencies and make strategic investments to support the growth of our business.

In addition, as of December 31, 2023, we had a total of approximately 12 independent contractors who provide us various consulting services, including recruiting, marketing and other professional services, that are important to the operation of our business.

All of our employees are required to adhere to a professional code of conduct and comply with annual training on, but not limited to, raising awareness, preventing and reporting any type of unlawful discrimination. We are not a party to any labor agreements and none of our employees are represented by a labor union.

We were incorporated in the State of Delaware on September 29, 2003.

In September 2023, we relocated our principal executive office to Miami, Florida. Our office space in Henderson, Nevada, which previously served as our principal executive office, is used as the administrative office for certain of our back-office functions. Our new principal executive office, principal place of business and headquarters is located at 333 S. E. 2nd Avenue, Suite 2000, Miami, Florida 33131 and our telephone number is (310) 444-4300.

Our corporate website address is www.ontrakhealth.com, the contents of which are not incorporated herein. Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to reports filed pursuant to Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, are available free of charge on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). The SEC maintains an internet site that contains our public filings with the SEC and other information regarding our company, at www.sec.gov. The contents of these websites are not incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Further, our references to the URLs for these websites are intended to be inactive textual reference only.

ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS

In evaluating us and our securities, we urge you to carefully consider the risks and other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Any of the risks discussed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial, could materially and adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition. If any of these risks occur, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be harmed, the price of our common stock could decline, and future events and circumstances could differ significantly from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

We have been unprofitable since our inception in 2003. Historically, we have seen and continue to see net losses, net loss from operations and negative cash flow from operating activities, except for positive cash flow from operating activities in our second quarter of 2020 and first quarter of 2021, as we experienced a period of rapid growth, and more recently our results have been negatively impacted by customer terminations. At December 31, 2023, our total cash was $9.7 million and we had working capital of approximately $8.8 million. We had an average monthly cash burn rate from operations of approximately $1.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 and could continue to incur negative cash flows and operating losses for the next twelve months.

We have incurred negative cash flows from operations since inception and have expended, and expect to continue to expend, substantial funds to support and grow our business. We will require additional funds before we are able to generate enough cash flows to fund our operations and meet our obligations. Additionally, if we add more health plans than we anticipate, increase the size of the outreach pool by more than we anticipate, decide to invest in new products or seek out additional growth opportunities, or in order to provide liquidity for an extended period of losses, we would consider raising additional capital.

We do not know whether additional funding will be available to us when needed on acceptable terms or at all. If adequate funds are not available or are not available on acceptable terms, we may need to downsize, curtail program development efforts or halt our operations altogether. There can be no assurance that any such financing will be available to us when needed on acceptable terms or at all.

If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, such financing will result in further dilution to our stockholders. Any equity securities issued also may provide for rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock. If we raise funds by issuing debt securities, such securities would have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock, and the terms of the debt securities issued could impose significant restrictions on our operations.

We entered into a Master Note Purchase Agreement with Acuitas Capital LLC (“Acuitas Capital” and together with its affiliates, including Acuitas Group Holdings, LLC and Terren S. Peizer, “Acuitas”), dated as of April 15, 2022 (as amended to date, the “Keep Well Agreement”). Acuitas Capital is our largest stockholder and an entity indirectly wholly owned and controlled by Mr. Peizer, our former Chief Executive Officer and Chairman. As of the filing date of this report, we have $3.5 million in principal amount of secured debt outstanding under the Keep Well Agreement evidenced by senior secured convertible promissory notes (the “Keep Well Notes”), $1.5 million of which is payable upon demand of the lender. The Keep Well Agreement includes customary events of default for a first priority senior secured debt facility. In the event of default under the Keep Well Agreement, Acuitas and the collateral agent under the Keep Well Agreement would have the rights that a secured creditor with a first priority lien on a company’s assets would have, including, the right to collect, enforce or satisfy any secured obligations then owing, including by foreclosing on the collateral securing our obligations under the Keep Well Agreement (which generally comprise all of our assets), and restrictions on the operation of our business would spring into effect. A default under the Keep Well Agreement would have material adverse consequences to our financial condition, operating results, and business, and could cause us to become insolvent or enter bankruptcy proceedings, and our stockholders may lose all or a portion of their investment because of the priority of the claims of Acuitas, in its capacity as a secured creditor, on our assets.

See also “Acuitas Group Holdings, LLC owns approximately 61% of our outstanding common stock and beneficially owns approximately 93% of our outstanding common stock, and as a result of such ownership has the ability to substantially influence the election of directors and other matters submitted to stockholders” and “There can be no assurance that our common stock will continue to be listed on Nasdaq or, if listed, that we will be able to comply with the continued listing standards of Nasdaq, which could limit investors’ ability to transact in our securities and subject us to additional trading restrictions,” below. For additional information regarding the Keep Well Agreement, see the section titled, “Keep Well Agreement” in Note 9 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this report.

The amounts we borrow under the Keep Well Agreement bear interest based on the 30 day tenor Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Reference Rate, which is subject to a monthly adjustment, plus a margin specified in the Keep Well Agreement. As a result, in an increasing interest rate environment, the interest rate on the amounts we borrow under the Keep Well Agreement is subject to increase, thereby resulting in increased interest expense. The 30 day tenor Term SOFR Reference Rate has steadily increased in the past year. At December 31, 2023, we had a total of $0.1 million of accrued paid-in-kind interest on amounts borrowed under the Keep Well Agreement, which was related to the three months ended December 31, 2023. The effective weighted average interest rate for the amounts borrowed under the Keep Well Agreement was 20.79% at December 31, 2023. Accrued interest on the principal amount of the Keep Well Notes is added to principal, which either we will be required to repay, with respect to $1.5 million of principal, upon demand of the lender, and with respect to the balance on the maturity date, May 14, 2026, or, if converted into shares of our common stock, will result in additional dilution to our stockholders. See Note 9 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this report for more information.

Continued expansion could put significant strain on our management, operational and financial resources. The need to comply with the rules and regulations of the SEC will continue to place significant demands on our financial and accounting staff, financial, accounting and information systems, and our internal controls and procedures, any of which may not be adequate to support our anticipated growth. The need to comply with the state and federal healthcare, security and privacy regulation will continue to place significant demands on our staff and our policies and procedures, any of which may not be adequate to support our anticipated growth. We may not be able to effectively hire, train, retain, motivate and manage required personnel. Our failure to manage growth effectively could limit our ability to satisfy our reporting obligations, or achieve our marketing, commercialization and financial goals.

We are continually executing a number of growth initiatives, strategies and operating plans designed to enhance our business. The anticipated benefits from these efforts are based on several assumptions that may prove to be inaccurate. Moreover, we may not be able to successfully complete these growth initiatives, strategies and operating plans or realize all of the benefits, including growth targets and cost savings, that we expect to achieve or it may be more costly to do so than we anticipate. A variety of risks could cause us not to realize some or all of the expected benefits. These risks include, among others, delays in the anticipated timing of activities related to such growth initiatives, strategies and operating plans, increased difficulty and cost in implementing these efforts, including difficulties in complying with new regulatory requirements and the incurrence of other unexpected costs associated with operating our business, failure of our products to receive sufficient market acceptance and a highly competitive, rapidly evolving marketplace. Moreover, our continued implementation of our Ontrak programs may disrupt our operations and performance. As a result, we cannot assure you that we will realize the expected benefits of our growth initiatives, strategies and operating plans. If, for any reason, the benefits we realize are less than our estimates or the implementation of our growth initiatives, strategies and operating plans adversely affect our operations or cost more or take longer to effectuate than we expect, or if our assumptions prove inaccurate, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.

Our ability to increase our customer base and achieve broader market acceptance of our Ontrak program will depend to a significant extent on our ability to deploy our sales and marketing resources efficiently and our ability to drive our current sales pipeline to secure new customers and to cultivate customer and partner relationships to drive revenue growth in the next twelve months. We are focused on identifying and developing new customer opportunities and these efforts require us to invest significant financial and other resources. Our business and operating results will be harmed if our sales and marketing efforts do not generate significant increases in revenue in the next twelve months.

Our programs may not be as effective as we believe them to be, which could limit our potential revenue growth.

Our belief in the efficacy of our Ontrak programs is based on a limited experience with a relatively small number of members in comparison to the total addressable members. Such results may not be indicative of the long-term future performance of treatment with our programs. If the initial results cannot be successfully replicated or maintained over time, utilization of our programs could decline substantially. There are no standardized methods for measuring efficacy of programs such as ours. Even if we believe our programs are effective, our customers could determine they are not effective by utilizing different outcome measures. In addition, even if our customers determine our programs are effective, they may discontinue them because they determine that the aggregate cost savings are not sufficient, our programs do not have a high enough return on investment, they prefer other competitive or strategic programs or do not believe our programs deliver other desired benefits such as clinical outcomes. Our success is dependent on our ability to enroll third-party payor members in our programs. Our outreach and enrollment efforts may not achieve the anticipated enrollment rates.

Our Ontrak programs may not become widely accepted, which could limit our growth.

Our ability to achieve further marketplace acceptance for our Ontrak programs is dependent on our ability to demonstrate financial and clinical outcomes from our agreements. If we are unable to secure sufficient contracts to achieve recognition or acceptance of our Ontrak programs or if our programs does not demonstrate the expected level of clinical improvement and cost savings, it is unlikely that we will be able to achieve widespread market acceptance.

Disappointing results for our programs or failure to attain our publicly disclosed milestones could adversely affect market acceptance and have a material adverse effect on our stock price.

Disappointing results, later-than-expected press release announcements or termination of evaluations, pilot programs or our solutions by particular customers could have a material adverse effect on the commercial acceptance of our solutions, our stock price and on our results of operations. In addition, announcements regarding results, or anticipation of results, may increase volatility in our stock price. In addition to numerous upcoming milestones, from time to time we provide financial guidance and other forecasts to the market. While we believe that the assumptions underlying projections and forecasts we make publicly available are reasonable, projections and forecasts are inherently subject to numerous risks and uncertainties. Any failure to achieve milestones, or to do so in a timely manner, or to achieve publicly announced guidance and forecasts, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and the price of our common stock.

The healthcare business in general, and the behavioral health treatment business in particular, are highly competitive and rapidly evolving. While we believe our programs are unique in many aspects and that our ability to offer customers a comprehensive and integrated behavioral health solution, including the utilization of our analytical models and innovative member engagement methodologies, will help us compete effectively, we operate in highly competitive markets. We compete with other healthcare management service organizations, care management and disease management companies, including Managed Behavioral Healthcare Organizations (MBHOs), other specialty healthcare and managed care companies, and healthcare technology companies that are offering treatment and support of behavioral health on-line and on mobile devices. Most of our competitors are significantly larger and have greater financial, marketing and other resources than us. Our competitors may develop and introduce new processes and products that are equal or superior to our programs in treating behavioral health conditions. There can be no assurance that we will be able to compete successfully, that we will have financial resources to continue to improve our offerings or that we will be successful improving them, any of which would limit our ability to maintain or increase our business share.

A substantial percentage of our revenues are attributable to a few large customers, any or all of which may terminate our services at any time.

Approximately 96% and approximately 98% of our total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, were attributable to three and four customers, respectively. Also, three customers represented 95% of our total accounts receivable as of December 31, 2022. We had no accounts receivable outstanding as of December 31, 2023.

We expect that revenues from a limited number of customers will continue for the foreseeable future. Sales to these customers are made pursuant to agreements with flexible termination provisions, generally entitling the customer to terminate with or without cause on limited notice to us, and which have adversely affected our business and financial condition and results. For example, in February 2021 and August 2021 we received notices from each of our then largest customers of their intent not to continue our program, and in October 2023, we received a notice from a large customer of its intent not to continue using our services after February 2024. We may not be able to keep our key customers, or these customers may decrease their enrollment levels. Any substantial decrease or delay in revenues relating to one or more of our key customers would harm our business and financial condition and results. If revenues relating to current key customers cease or are reduced, we may not obtain sufficient enrollments from other customers necessary to offset any such losses or reductions.

We are highly dependent on our senior management and key operating and technical personnel. These individuals are at-will employees and they may terminate employment with us at any time with no advance notice. The loss of the services of any member of our senior management or of our key operating and technical personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

In addition, from time to time, there may be changes in our executive management team resulting from the hiring or departure of executives, which could disrupt our business. The replacement of one or more of our executive officers or other key employees would likely involve significant time and costs and may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our business objectives.

To continue to execute our growth strategy, we must attract and retain highly skilled personnel. Competition is intense for qualified professionals. We may not be successful in continuing to attract and retain qualified personnel. We have from time to time in the past experienced, and we expect to continue to experience in the future, difficulty in hiring and retaining highly skilled personnel with appropriate qualifications.

The pool of qualified personnel with experience working in the healthcare market is limited overall. In addition, many of the companies with which we compete for experienced personnel have greater resources than we have. The inability to attract and retain sufficient highly skilled personnel could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

In addition, in making employment decisions, particularly in high-technology industries, job candidates often consider the value of the stock options or other equity instruments they are to receive in connection with their employment. Volatility in the price of our stock may adversely affect our ability to attract or retain highly skilled personnel. Further, the requirement to expense stock options and other equity instruments may discourage us from granting the size or type of stock option or equity awards that job candidates require to join our company.

Our products and services and our operations require a large number of employees. A significant number of employees have joined us in recent years as we continue to grow and expand our business. Our success is dependent on our ability to transform our culture, align our talent with our business needs, engage our employees and inspire our employees to be open to change, to innovate and to maintain member- and client-focus when delivering our services. Our business would be adversely affected if we fail to adequately plan for succession of our executives and senior management; or if we fail to effectively recruit, integrate, retain and develop key talent and/or align our talent with our business needs, in light of the current rapidly changing environment. While we have succession plans in place and we have employment arrangements with a limited number of key executives, these do not guarantee that the services of these or suitable successor executives will continue to be available to us.

The success of our business is dependent upon our continued ability to maintain a network of qualified healthcare providers. In any particular market that we operate in, providers could demand higher payments or take other actions that could result in higher medical costs, less attractive service for our members or difficulty meeting regulatory or accreditation requirements. The failure to maintain or to secure new cost-effective provider contracts may result in a loss of or inability to grow our member base, higher costs, healthcare provider network disruptions, and less attractive service for our members, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, growth strategy, financial condition and results of operations.

All significant medical treatments and procedures, including treatment utilizing our programs, involve the risk of serious injury or death. While we have not been the subject of any such claims, our business entails an inherent risk of claims for personal injuries and substantial damage awards. We cannot control whether individual physicians and therapists will apply the appropriate standard of care in determining how to treat their patients. While our agreements typically require physicians to indemnify us for their negligence, there can be no assurance they will be willing and financially able to do so if claims are made. In addition, our license agreements require us to indemnify physicians, hospitals or their affiliates for losses resulting from our negligence.

We are also subject to ongoing securities class action and stockholder derivative litigation. See Note 13, “Commitments and Contingencies” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, in Part II, Item 8, included in this report. In addition, on March 1, 2023, the U.S. Department of Justice (the “DOJ”) announced charges and the SEC filed a civil complaint against Mr. Peizer, our former Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of our Board of Directors, alleging unlawful insider trading in our stock. Mr. Peizer owns and controls Acuitas Capital, our largest stockholder. See “Acuitas Group Holdings, LLC owns approximately 61% of our outstanding common stock and beneficially owns approximately 93% of our outstanding common stock, and as a result of such ownership has the ability to substantially influence the election of directors and other matters submitted to stockholders.” Neither we nor any of our other current or former directors or employees were charged by the DOJ or sued by the SEC. On November 15, 2022, we received a notification from the SEC’s Division of Enforcement that it is conducting an investigation captioned "In the Matter of Trading in the Securities of Ontrak, Inc. (HO-14340)" and issued a preservation letter as well as a subpoena for documents relating to the investigation. The notification indicates the investigation is a fact-finding inquiry for compliance with federal securities laws and should not be construed as an indication by the SEC that any violation of law has occurred, nor as a reflection upon any person, entity or security. We have been cooperating fully with the terms of the subpoena. We cannot predict the ultimate outcome of the DOJ or SEC proceedings, nor can we predict whether the DOJ or SEC or any other governmental authorities will initiate separate investigations or litigation, including against us.

Investigations and any related legal and administrative proceedings could include a wide variety of outcomes, including the institution of administrative, civil injunctive or criminal proceedings involving the Company and/or its current or former executives and/or directors, the imposition of fines and other penalties, remedies and/or sanctions.

In addition, from time to time, we may also be involved in legal proceedings and investigations arising in the ordinary course of business, including those relating to employment matters, relationships with partners, intellectual property disputes, and other business matters.

We currently have insurance coverage for personal injury claims, directors’ and officers’ liability insurance coverage, and errors and omissions insurance. We may not be able to maintain adequate liability insurance at acceptable costs or on favorable terms. We expect that liability insurance will be more difficult to obtain and that premiums will increase over time and as the volume of patients treated with our programs increases.

We have incurred and may continue to incur significant expenses as a result of litigation and other legal proceedings. In addition, the results of litigation and other legal proceedings are inherently uncertain and adverse judgments or settlements (regardless of a claim’s merit) in any legal disputes may result in materially adverse monetary damages or injunctive relief against us. Any claims, investigations or litigation, even if fully indemnified or insured, could damage our reputation and make it more difficult to compete effectively or obtain adequate insurance in the future. In addition, claims, investigations or litigation may be time-consuming, costly, divert management resources, and otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business and result of operations.

If third-party payors fail to provide coverage and adequate payment rates for our solutions, our revenue and prospects for profitability will be harmed.

Our future revenue growth will depend in part upon our ability to contract with health plans and other insurance payors for our Ontrak solutions. In addition, insurance payors are increasingly attempting to contain healthcare costs, and may not cover or provide adequate payment for our programs. Adequate insurance reimbursement might not be available to enable us to realize an appropriate return on investment in research and product development, and the lack of such reimbursement could have a material adverse effect on our operations and could adversely affect our revenues and earnings.

We may not be able to achieve promised savings for our Ontrak contracts, which could result in pricing levels insufficient to cover our costs or ensure profitability.

Many of our Ontrak contracts are based upon anticipated or guaranteed levels of savings for our customers and achieving other operational metrics resulting in incentive fees based on savings. If we are unable to meet or exceed promised savings, achieve agreed upon operational metrics, or favorably resolve contract billing and interpretation issues with our customers, we may be required to refund from the amount of fees paid to us any difference between savings that were guaranteed and the savings, if any, which were actually achieved; or we may fail to earn incentive fees based on savings. Accordingly, during or at the end of the contract terms, we may be required to refund some or all of the fees paid for our services. This exposes us to significant risk that contracts negotiated and entered into may ultimately be unprofitable. In addition, managed care operations are at risk for costs incurred to provide agreed upon services under our solution. Therefore, failure to anticipate or control costs could have a materially adverse effect on our business.

Our federal net operating loss carry forwards ("NOLs") have an indefinite life. These NOLs may be used to offset future taxable income, to the extent we generate any taxable income, and thereby reduce or eliminate our future federal income taxes otherwise payable. Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code imposes limitations on a corporation's ability to utilize NOLs if it experiences an ownership change as defined in Section 382. In general terms, an ownership change may result from transactions increasing the ownership of certain stockholders in the stock of a corporation by more than 50% over a three-year period. In the event that an ownership change has occurred, or were to occur, utilization of our NOLs would be subject to an annual limitation under Section 382 determined by multiplying the value of our stock at the time of the ownership change by the applicable long-term tax-exempt rate as defined in the Internal Revenue Code. Any unused annual limitation may be carried over to later years. We have experienced ownership changes in the past and can continue to experience ownership changes under Section 382 as a result of events in the past or the issuance of shares of common or preferred stock, or a combination thereof. As a result of such ownership changes, the use of our NOLs, or a portion thereof, against our future taxable income may be subject to an annual limitation under Section 382, which may result in expiration of a portion of our NOLs before utilization.

We may periodically consummate opportunistic acquisitions of other companies, and we may not realize expected benefits or such acquisitions or we may have difficulties integrating acquired companies into our operations in a cost-effective manner, if at all.

We may periodically consummate opportunistic acquisitions of businesses, assets, personnel or technologies that allow us to complement our existing operations, expand our market coverage, enter new geographic markets, or add new business capabilities. We continually evaluate and explore strategic opportunities as they arise, including business combination transactions, strategic partnerships, and the purchase or sale of assets. No assurance can be given that the benefits or synergies we may expect from an acquisition will be realized to the extent or in the time frame we anticipate. We may lose key employees, customers, vendors and other business partners of a company we acquire after announcement of acquisition plans. In addition, an acquisition may involve a number of risks and difficulties, including expansion into new geographic markets and business areas in which our management has limited prior experience, the diversion of management’s attention to the operations and personnel of the acquired company, the integration of the acquired company’s personnel, operations and technology systems and applications, changing relationships with customers, vendors or strategic partners, differing regulatory requirements including in new geographic markets and new business areas, and potential short-term adverse effects on our operating results. These challenges can be magnified as the size of the acquisition increases. Any delays or unexpected costs incurred in connection with the integration of an acquired company or otherwise related to an acquisition could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

An acquisition may require significant expenses and can result in increased debt or other contingent liabilities, adverse tax consequences, deferred compensation charges, the recording and later amortization of amounts related to deferred compensation and certain purchased intangible assets, and the refinement or revision of fair value acquisition estimates following the completion of an acquisition, any of which items could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, we may record goodwill in connection with an acquisition and incur goodwill impairment charges in the future. Any of these charges could cause the price of our common stock to decline. An acquisition also could absorb substantial cash resources, require us to incur or assume debt obligations, or involve our issuance of additional equity securities. If we issue equity securities in connection with an acquisition, we may dilute our common stock with securities that have an equal or a senior interest in our company. An acquired entity also may be leveraged or dilutive to our earnings per share, or may have unknown liabilities. In addition, the combined entity may have lower than expected revenues or higher expenses and therefore may not achieve the anticipated results. Any of these factors relating to an acquisition could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We offered and sold shares of our Series A Preferred Stock in offerings registered under the Securities Act. In February 2022, a purported securities class action was filed in the Superior Court of California for Los Angeles County, entitled Braun v. Ontrak, Inc., et al., Case No. 22STCV07174, on behalf of a putative class of all purchasers of our Series A Preferred Stock in such offerings. The action was brought against us, our officers and directors, and the investment banking firms that acted as underwriters for the offerings. The plaintiff asserted causes of actions alleging that we violated the federal securities laws in connection with the offerings based upon allegations that statements made regarding the growth of our customer base and expansion of our program with health plan customers were false or misleading. We believe that the allegations of falsity lack merit and that we have meritorious defenses, and we intend to defend against the action vigorously.

In addition, one beneficial owner of our Series A Preferred Stock, through its legal counsel, has asserted that it believes it has claims against us based upon (a) statements in the prospectuses related to the offering of our Series A Preferred Stock regarding the segregated account that was funded with a portion of the proceeds received from such offerings to pre-fund dividend payments on our Series A Preferred Stock in light of the action of our board of directors in April 2023 to make such funds available for general corporate purposes after considering its fiduciary duties to our common stockholders and other relevant factors, (b) our alleged failures to accommodate the nominees of such beneficial owner for election by the holders of Series A Preferred Stock at the Company’s 2023 annual meeting, and (c) our alleged failure to provide notice to the holders of Series A Preferred Stock in connection with the delisting of such stock by Nasdaq on October 20, 2023. To date, such beneficial owner has not specified damages or remedies it would seek if it were to assert any such claims formally. Others with interests in the Series A Preferred Stock may assert similar claims. We believe that such claims are and would be without merit and subject to meritorious defenses. However, any claim alleging any violation of securities laws or of the Certificate of Designations establishing the Series A Preferred Stock, with or without merit, could result in costly litigation, significant liabilities and diversion of our management’s time and attention and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, business and results of operations.

The results of litigation and other legal proceedings are inherently uncertain and adverse judgments or settlements (regardless of a claim’s merit) in any legal dispute may result in materially adverse monetary damages or injunctive relief against us.

Twice in the past decade, the previous appropriations legislation deadline was reached and Congress failed to pass a new appropriations bill or continuing resolution to temporarily extend funding, resulting in U.S. government shutdowns that caused federal agencies to halt non-essential operations. Political polarization among lawmakers may lead to a higher frequency and longer duration of government shutdowns in the future. The federal government came very close to another shutdown in late 2023. A federal government shutdown could prevent staff at federal agencies from performing key functions that may adversely affect our business. For example, a government shutdown could prevent SEC staff from performing key functions, including, for example, granting acceleration requests for registration statements, declaring registration statements or amendments thereto effective and providing interpretive guidance or no-action letters. If a federal government shutdown halts non-essential SEC operations for an extended period, it may negatively impact our ability to raise additional capital through registered offerings of our securities in the future. If a prolonged U.S. government shutdown or other event or condition occurs that prevents government and other regulatory agencies from hiring and retaining personnel and conducting their regular activities, it could significantly impact the ability of these agencies to timely review and process our regulatory submissions and may impede our access to additional capital needed to maintain or expand our operations or to complete important acquisitions or other transactions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Confidentiality agreements with employees, treating physicians and others may not adequately prevent disclosure of trade secrets and other proprietary information.

In order to protect our proprietary technology and processes, we rely in part on confidentiality provisions in our agreements with employees, treating physicians, and others. These agreements may not effectively prevent disclosure of confidential information and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosure of confidential information. In addition, others may independently discover trade secrets and proprietary information. Costly and time-consuming litigation could be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of our proprietary rights, and failure to obtain or maintain trade secret protection could adversely affect our competitive business position.

Our future operations may be subject to claims, and potential litigation, arising from our alleged infringement of patents, trade secrets, trademarks or copyrights owned by other third parties. Within the healthcare, drug and bio-technology industry, many companies actively pursue infringement claims and litigation, which makes the entry of competitive products more difficult. We may experience claims or litigation initiated by existing, better-funded competitors and by other third parties. Court-ordered injunctions may prevent us from continuing to market existing products or from bringing new products to market and the outcome of litigation and any resulting loss of revenues and expenses of litigation may substantially affect our ability to meet our expenses and continue operations.

Risks related to our healthcare industry

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, each enacted in March 2010, generally known as the Health Care Reform Law, significantly expanded health insurance coverage to uninsured Americans and changed the way health care is financed by both governmental and private payors. Following the 2016 federal elections, which resulted in the election of the Republican presidential nominee and Republican majorities in both houses of Congress, there were renewed legislative efforts to significantly modify or repeal the Health Care Reform Law and certain executive policy changes designed to modify its impact, including the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in December 2017 which repealed the penalties under the Health Care Reform Law for uninsured persons. In light of the Supreme Court ruling in California et al. v. Texas et al. in June 2021 generally supporting the Health Care Reform Law, we cannot predict what further reform proposals, if any, will be adopted, when they may be adopted, or what impact they may have on our business.

There may also be other risks and uncertainties associated with the Health Care Reform Law. If we fail to comply or are unable to effectively manage such risks and uncertainties, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

We expect that additional state and federal healthcare reform measures may be adopted in the future, any of which could limit the amounts that federal and state governments will pay for healthcare therapies, which could result in reduced demand for our services or additional pricing pressures. In August 2022, President Biden signed into law the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (“IRA”), which, among other provisions, included several measures intended to lower the cost of prescription drugs and related healthcare reforms. The IRA permits the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services to implement many of these provisions through guidance, as opposed to regulation, for the initial years. We cannot be sure whether additional legislation or rulemaking related to the IRA will be issued or enacted, or what impact, if any, such changes will have on our business.

The healthcare industry is highly regulated and continues to undergo significant changes as third-party payors, such as Medicare and Medicaid, traditional indemnity insurers, managed care organizations and other private payors, increase efforts to control cost, utilization and delivery of healthcare services. Healthcare companies are subject to extensive and complex federal, state and local laws, regulations and judicial decisions. Our failure or the failure of our treating physicians, to comply with applicable healthcare laws and regulations may result in the imposition of civil or criminal sanctions that we cannot afford, or require redesign or withdrawal of our programs from the market.

Our business entails the risk of medical liability claims against both our providers and us. Although we carry insurance covering medical malpractice claims in amounts that we believe are appropriate in light of the risks attendant to our business, successful medical liability claims could result in substantial damage awards that exceed the limits of our insurance coverage. We carry professional liability insurance for ourselves, and we separately carry a general insurance policy, which covers medical malpractice claims. In addition, professional liability insurance is expensive and insurance premiums may increase significantly in the future, particularly as we expand our services. As a result, adequate professional liability insurance may not be available to us in the future at acceptable costs or at all.

Any claims made against us that are not fully covered by insurance could be costly to defend against, result in substantial damage awards against us and divert the attention of our management and our providers from our operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, any claims may adversely affect our business or reputation.

Many states have laws that prohibit business corporations, such as us, from practicing medicine, exercising control over medical judgments or decisions of physicians or other health care professionals (such as nurses or nurse practitioners), or engaging in certain business arrangements with physicians or other health care professionals, such as employment of physicians and other health care professionals or fee-splitting. The state laws and regulations and administrative and judicial decisions that enumerate the specific corporate practice and fee-splitting rules vary considerably from state to state and are enforced by both the courts and government agencies, each with broad discretion. Courts, government agencies or other parties, including physicians, may assert that we are engaged in the unlawful corporate practice of medicine, fee-splitting, or payment for referrals by providing administrative and other services in connection with our treatment programs. As a result of such allegations, we could be subject to civil and criminal penalties, our contracts could be found invalid and unenforceable, in whole or in part, or we could be required to restructure our contractual arrangements. If so, we may be unable to restructure our contractual arrangements on favorable terms, which would adversely affect our business and operations.

The healthcare industry is subject to extensive federal and state regulation with respect to kickbacks, physician self-referral arrangements, false claims and other fraud and abuse issues.

The federal anti-kickback law (the “Anti-Kickback Law”) prohibits, among other things, knowingly and willfully offering, paying, soliciting, receiving, or providing remuneration, directly or indirectly, in exchange for or to induce either the referral of an individual, or the furnishing, arranging for, or recommending of an item or service that is reimbursable, in whole or in part, by a federal health care program. “Remuneration” is broadly defined to include anything of value, such as, for example, cash payments, gifts or gift certificates, discounts, or the furnishing of services, supplies, or equipment. The Anti-Kickback Law is broad, and it prohibits many arrangements and practices that are lawful in businesses outside of the health care industry.

Recognizing the breadth of the Anti-Kickback Law and the fact that it may technically prohibit many innocuous or beneficial arrangements within the health care industry, the Office of Inspector General (“OIG”) has issued a series of regulations, known as the “safe harbors.” Compliance with all requirements of a safe harbor immunizes the parties to the business arrangement from prosecution under the Anti-Kickback Law. The failure of a business arrangement to fit within a safe harbor does not necessarily mean that the arrangement is illegal or that the OIG will pursue prosecution. Still, in the absence of an applicable safe harbor, a violation of the Anti-Kickback Law may occur even if only one purpose of an arrangement is to induce referrals. The penalties for violating the Anti-Kickback Law can be severe. These sanctions include criminal and civil penalties, imprisonment, and possible exclusion from the federal health care programs. Many states have adopted laws similar to the Anti-Kickback Law, and some apply to items and services reimbursable by any payor, including private insurers.

In addition, the federal ban on physician self-referrals, commonly known as the Stark Law, prohibits, subject to certain exceptions, physician referrals of Medicare patients to an entity providing certain “designated health services” if the physician or an immediate family member of the physician has any financial relationship with the entity. A “financial relationship” is created by an investment interest or a compensation arrangement. Penalties for violating the Stark Law include the return of funds received for all prohibited referrals, fines, civil monetary penalties, and possible exclusion from the federal health care programs. In addition to the Stark Law, many states have their own self-referral bans, which may extend to all self-referrals, regardless of the payor.

The federal False Claims Act imposes liability on any person or entity that, among other things, knowingly presents, or causes to be presented, a false or fraudulent claim for payment to the federal government. Under the False Claims Act, a person acts knowingly if he has actual knowledge of the information or acts in deliberate ignorance or in reckless disregard of the truth or falsity of the information. Specific intent to defraud is not required. Violations of other laws, such as the Anti-Kickback Law or the FDA prohibitions against promotion of off-label uses of drugs, can lead to liability under the federal False Claims Act. The qui tam provisions of the False Claims Act allow a private individual to bring an action on behalf of the federal government and to share in any amounts paid by the defendant to the government in connection with the action. The number of filings of qui tam actions has increased significantly in recent years. When an entity is determined to have violated the False Claims Act, it may be required to pay up to three times the actual damages sustained by the government, plus civil penalties of between $5,500 and $11,000 for each false claim. Conduct that violates the False Claims Act may also lead to exclusion from the federal health care programs. Given the number of claims likely to be at issue, potential damages under the False Claims Act for even a single inappropriate billing arrangement could be significant. In addition, various states have enacted similar laws modeled after the False Claims Act that apply to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state health care programs, and, in several states, such laws apply to claims submitted to all payors.

On May 20, 2009, the Federal Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009, or FERA, became law, and it significantly amended the federal False Claims Act. Among other things, FERA eliminated the requirement that a claim must be presented to the federal government. As a result, False Claims Act liability extends to any false or fraudulent claim for government money, regardless of whether the claim is submitted to the government directly, or whether the government has physical custody of the money. FERA also specifically imposed False Claims Act liability if an entity “knowingly and improperly avoids or decreases an obligation to pay or transmit money or property to the Government.” As a result, the knowing and improper failure to return an overpayment can serve as the basis for a False Claims Act action. In March 2010, Congress passed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, collectively the ACA, which also made sweeping changes to the federal False Claims Act. The ACA also established that Medicare and Medicaid overpayments must be reported and returned within 60 days of identification or when any corresponding cost report is due.

Finally, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 and its implementing regulations created the crimes of health care fraud and false statements relating to health care matters. The health care fraud statute prohibits knowingly and willfully executing a scheme to defraud any health care benefit program, including a private insurer. The false statements statute prohibits knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing, or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement in connection with the delivery of or payment for health care benefits, items, or services. A violation of this statute is a felony and may result in fines, imprisonment, or exclusion from the federal health care programs.

Federal or state authorities may claim that our fee arrangements, our agreements and relationships with contractors, hospitals and physicians, or other activities violate fraud and abuse laws and regulations. If our business practices are found to violate any of these laws or regulations, we may be unable to continue with our relationships or implement our business plans, which would have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Further, defending our business practices could be time consuming and expensive, and an adverse finding could result in substantial penalties or require us to restructure our operations, which we may not be able to do successfully.

Our business practices may be regulated by state regulatory agencies that generally have discretion to issue regulations and interpret and enforce laws and rules. These regulations can vary significantly from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and the interpretation of existing laws and rules also may change periodically. Some of our business and related activities may be subject to state health care-related regulations and requirements, including managed health care, utilization review (UR) or third-party administrator-related regulations and licensure requirements. These regulations differ from state to state, and may contain network, contracting, and financial and reporting requirements, as well as specific standards for delivery of services, payment of claims, and adequacy of health care professional networks. If a determination is made that we have failed to comply with any applicable state laws or regulations, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

We structure our relationships with our providers and experts in a manner that we believe results in an independent contractor relationship, not an employee relationship. An independent contractor is generally distinguished from an employee by his or her degree of autonomy and independence in providing services. A high degree of autonomy and independence is generally indicative of a contractor relationship, while a high degree of control is generally indicative of an employment relationship. On October 13, 2022, the Department of Labor published its “Employee or Independent Contractor Classification under the Fair Labor Standards Act” (the “FLSA Standards”) that would rescind existing guidance adopted under the Trump Administration and broaden the scope of the so-called “economic realities test” used to classify workers, likely making it more difficult for workers to be classified as independent contractors. Although we believe that our providers and experts are properly characterized as independent contractors, tax or other regulatory authorities may in the future challenge our characterization of these relationships particularly if the new FLSA Standards are adopted. If such regulatory authorities or state, federal or foreign courts were to determine that our providers or experts are employees, and not independent contractors, we would be required to withhold income taxes, to withhold and pay social security, Medicare and similar taxes and to pay unemployment and other related payroll taxes. We would also be liable for unpaid past taxes and subject to penalties. As a result, any determination that our providers or experts are our employees could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

State and federal government agencies are devoting increased attention and resources to anti-fraud initiatives against healthcare providers and the entities and individuals with whom they do business, and such agencies may define fraud expansively to include our business practices, including the receipt of fees in connection with a healthcare business that is found to violate any of the complex regulations described above. While to our knowledge we have not been the subject of any anti-fraud investigations, if such a claim were made, defending our business practices could be time consuming and expensive and an adverse finding could result in substantial penalties or require us to restructure our operations, which we may not be able to do successfully.

In providing administrative services to healthcare providers and operating our treatment programs, we may collect, use, disclose, maintain and transmit patient information in ways that will be subject to many of the numerous state, federal and international laws and regulations governing the collection, use, disclosure, storage, privacy and security of patient-identifiable health information, including the administrative simplification requirements of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 and its implementing regulations (HIPAA) and the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009 (HITECH).

The HIPAA Privacy Rule restricts the use and disclosure of certain patient information (“Protected Health Information” or “PHI”), and requires safeguarding that information. The HIPAA Security Rule and HITECH establish elaborate requirements for safeguarding PHI transmitted or stored electronically. HIPAA applies to covered entities, which may include healthcare facilities and also includes health plans that will contract for the use of our programs and our services. HIPAA and HITECH require covered entities to bind contractors that use or disclose protected health information (or “Business Associates”) to compliance with certain aspects of the HIPAA Privacy Rule and all of the HIPAA Security Rule. In addition to contractual liability, Business Associates are also directly subject to regulation by the federal government. Direct liability means that we are subject to audit, investigation and enforcement by federal authorities. HITECH imposes breach notification obligations requiring us to report breaches of “Unsecured Protected Health Information” or PHI that has not been encrypted or destroyed in accordance with federal standards. Business Associates must report such breaches so that their covered entity customers may in turn notify all affected patients, the federal government, and in some cases, local or national media outlets. We may be required to indemnify our covered entity customers for costs associated with breach notification and the mitigation of harm resulting from breaches that we cause. If we are providing management services that include electronic billing on behalf of a physician practice or facility that is a covered entity, we may be required to conduct those electronic transactions in accordance with the HIPAA regulations governing the form and format of those transactions. Services provided under our Ontrak solution not only require us to comply with HIPAA and HITECH but also Title 42 Part 2 of the Code of Federal Regulations (“Part 2”). Part 2 is a federal, criminal law that severely restricts our ability to use and disclose drug and alcohol treatment information obtained from federally-supported treatment facilities. Our operations must be carefully structured to avoid liability under this law. Our Ontrak solution qualifies as a federally funded treatment facility which requires us to disclose information on members only in compliance with Title 42.

In addition to the federal privacy regulations, there are a number of state laws governing the privacy and security of health and personal information. The penalties for violation of these laws vary widely and the area is rapidly evolving.

In 2018, California passed the California Consumer Privacy Act (the “CCPA”), which gives consumers significant rights over the use of their personal information, including the right to object to the “sale” of their personal information. In 2020, Californians voted to enact the California Privacy Rights Act (CPRA), which amends the CCPA by expanding consumers' rights in their personal information and creating a new governmental agency to interpret and enforce the statute. Most provisions of the CPRA will become effective on January 1, 2023. While information covered by HIPAA is generally exempt from the applicability of the CCPA as amended by the CPRA, the rights of consumers under the CCPA may restrict our ability to use personal information in connection with our business operations. The CCPA also provides a private right of action for certain security breaches.

In 2019, New York passed a law known as the SHIELD Act, which expands data breach reporting obligations and requires companies to have robust data security programs in place. More recently, New York and other states, including Washington, have introduced significant privacy bills, and Congress is debating federal privacy legislation, which if passed, may restrict our business operations and require us to incur additional costs for compliance.

In addition, several foreign countries and governmental bodies, including the E.U., Brazil and Canada, have laws and regulations concerning the collection and use of personally identifiable information obtained from their residents, including identifiable health information, which are often more restrictive than those in the U.S. laws and regulations in these jurisdictions apply broadly to the collection, use, storage, disclosure and security of personally identifiable information, including health information, identifying, or which may be used to identify, an individual, such as names, email addresses and, in some jurisdictions, Internet Protocol (IP) addresses, device identifiers and other data. Although we currently conduct business only in the United States of America, these laws and regulations could become applicable to us in the event we expand our operations into other countries. These and other obligations may be modified and interpreted in different ways by courts, and new laws and regulations may be enacted in the future.

Within the EEA, the General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR") took full effect on May 25, 2018, superseding the 1995 European Union Data Protection Directive and becoming directly applicable across E.U. member states. The GDPR includes more stringent operational requirements for processors and controllers of personal data (including health information) established in and outside of the EEA, imposes significant penalties for non-compliance and has broader extra-territorial effect. As the GDPR is a regulation rather than a directive, it applies throughout the EEA, but permits member states to enact supplemental requirements if they so choose. Noncompliance with the GDPR can trigger fines of up to the greater of €20 million or 4% of global annual revenues. Further, a Data Protection Act substantially implementing the GDPR was enacted in the U.K., effective in May 2018. It remains unclear, however, how U.K. data protection laws or regulations will develop in the medium to longer term and how data transfers to and from the U.K. will be regulated in light of the U.K.'s withdrawal from the E.U. In addition, some countries are considering or have enacted legislation requiring local storage and processing of data that could increase the cost and complexity of delivering our services.

We believe that we have taken the steps required of us to comply with laws governing the privacy and security of personal information, including health information privacy and security laws and regulations, in all applicable jurisdictions, both state and federal. However, we may not be able to maintain compliance in all jurisdictions where we do business. In addition, to the extent we disclose such information to our third-party service providers in the course of our business, we may be indirectly liable for their misuse or other unauthorized disclosure of such personal information (including health information). Failure to maintain compliance, or changes in state or federal privacy and security laws could result in civil and/or criminal penalties and could have a material adverse effect on our business, including significant reputational damage associated with a breach. Under HITECH, we are subject to prosecution or administrative enforcement and increased civil and criminal penalties for non-compliance, including a four-tiered system of monetary penalties. We are also subject to enforcement by state attorneys general who were given authority to enforce HIPAA under HITECH, and who have authority to enforce state-specific data privacy and security laws. If regulations change, if we expand the territorial scope of our operations, or if it is determined that we are not in compliance with privacy regulations, we may be required to modify aspects of our program, which may adversely affect program results and our business or profitability.

In the ordinary course of our business, we collect and store sensitive data, including legally protected patient health information, personally identifiable information about our employees, intellectual property, and proprietary business information. Our success depends in part on our ability to provide effective cybersecurity protection in connection with our digital technologies and services as well as our internal digital infrastructure.

We manage and maintain our applications and data utilizing an off-site co-location facility. These applications and data encompass a wide variety of business critical information including research and development information, commercial information and business and financial information.

The secure processing, storage, maintenance and transmission of this critical information is vital to our operations and business strategy, and we devote significant resources to protecting such information. Although we take measures to protect sensitive information from unauthorized access or disclosure, our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to cyberattacks, viruses, breaches or interruptions due to employee error or malfeasance, breaches or interruptions due to the malfeasance or negligence of any of our third-party service providers, terrorist attacks, earthquakes, fire, flood, other natural disasters, power loss, computer systems failure, data network failure, Internet failure or lapses in compliance with privacy and security mandates. We may be subject to distributed denial of service (DDOS) attacks by hackers aimed at disrupting service to patients and customers. Our response to such DDOS attacks may be insufficient to protect our network and systems. In addition, there has been a continuing increase in the number of malicious software attacks in a wide variety of different industries, including malware, ransomware, and email phishing scams. Any successful cybersecurity incident or attack or breach could compromise our networks and the information stored there could be accessed by unauthorized parties, publicly disclosed, lost or stolen. We have measures in place that are designed to detect and respond to such incidents and breaches. Nonetheless, there can be no assurance that the protocols and systems we have designed to prevent or limit the effects of cybersecurity incidents or attacks, including our backup systems, regular data backups, security protocols, network protection mechanisms and other procedures currently in place, or that may be in place in the future, will be adequate to prevent or remedy network and service interruption, system failure, damage to one or more of our systems, data loss, security breaches or other cyberattack and data security incidents. We might be required to expend significant capital and resources to protect against or address security breaches or other cyberattack and data security incident. Any access, disclosure or other loss of information could result in legal claims or proceedings, liability under laws that protect the privacy of personal information (such as HIPAA and state data security laws), government enforcement actions and regulatory penalties. We may also be required to indemnify our customers for costs associated with having their data on our system breached. Unauthorized access, loss or dissemination could also interrupt our operations, including our ability to provide treatment, bill our customers, provide customer support services, conduct research and development activities, process and prepare company financial information, manage various general and administrative aspects of our business and damage our reputation, or we may lose one or more of our customers, especially if they felt their data may be breached, any of which could adversely affect our business.

Also, even if we successfully defend our own digital technologies and services, we also rely on providers of third-party products, services, and networks, with whom we may share data and services, and who may be unable to effectively defend their digital technologies and services against cyberattack.

We have experienced and will continue to experience varying degrees of cybersecurity incidents in the normal conduct of our business, including attacks resulting from social engineering such as phishing. These risks could harm our reputation and our relationships with our customers, our third party partners and our employees and may result in claims against us.

All of our healthcare professionals who are subject to licensing requirements, such as our care coaches, are licensed in the state in which they provide professional services in person. While we believe our nurses provide coaching and not professional services, one or more states may require our healthcare professionals to obtain licensure if providing services telephonically across state lines to the state’s residents. Healthcare professionals who fail to comply with these licensure requirements could face fines or other penalties for practicing without a license, and we could be required to pay those fines on behalf of our healthcare professionals. If we are required to obtain licenses for our nurses in states where they provide telephonic coaching, it would significantly increase the cost of providing our product. In addition, new and evolving agency interpretations, federal or state legislation or regulations, or judicial decisions could lead to the implementation of out-of-state licensure requirements in additional states, and such changes would increase the cost of services and could have a material effect on our business.

In the event of our bankruptcy, liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of our affairs, our assets will be available to pay obligations on the Series A Preferred Stock only after all of our indebtedness and other liabilities have been paid. The rights of holders of the Series A Preferred Stock to participate in the distribution of our assets will rank junior to the prior claims of our current and future creditors and any future series or class of preferred stock we may issue that ranks senior to the Series A Preferred Stock. Also, the Series A Preferred Stock effectively ranks junior to all existing and future indebtedness and to the indebtedness and other liabilities of our existing subsidiaries and any future subsidiaries. Our existing subsidiaries are, and future subsidiaries would be, separate legal entities and have no legal obligation to pay any amounts to us in respect of dividends due on the Series A Preferred Stock.

At December 31, 2023, our total liabilities was $5.6 million. If we are forced to liquidate our assets to pay our creditors, we may not have sufficient assets to pay amounts due on any or all of the Series A Preferred Stock then outstanding.

Our future debt instruments may restrict the authorization, payment or setting apart of dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock. Also, future offerings of debt or senior equity securities may adversely affect the market price of the Series A Preferred Stock. If we decide to issue debt or senior equity securities in the future, it is possible that these securities will be governed by an indenture or other instruments containing covenants restricting our operating flexibility. Additionally, any convertible or exchangeable securities that we issue in the future may have rights, preferences and privileges more favorable than those of the Series A Preferred Stock and may result in dilution to owners of the Series A Preferred Stock. We and, indirectly, our stockholders, will bear the cost of issuing and servicing such securities. Because our decision to issue debt or equity securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings. The holders of the Series A Preferred Stock will bear the risk of our future offerings, which may reduce the market price of the Series A Preferred Stock and will dilute the value of their holdings in us.

Our Series A Preferred Stock is quoted on the OTC Markets. The OTC Markets provides significantly less liquidity than a listing on the Nasdaq Stock Markets or other national securities exchange. Securities quoted on the OTC Markets are traded by a community of market makers that enter quotes and trade reports. This market is limited in comparison to the national stock exchanges and any prices quoted may not be a reliable indication of the value of our Series A Preferred Stock. Quotes for stocks included on the OTC Markets are not listed in the financial sections of newspapers as are those for the Nasdaq Stock Market or the NYSE. Therefore, prices for securities traded solely on the OTC Markets may be difficult to obtain.

Trading on the OTC Markets as opposed to a national securities exchange has resulted and may continue to result in a reduction in some or all of the following: (a) the liquidity of our Series A Preferred Stock; (b) the market price of our Series A Preferred Stock; (c) the number of market markers in our Series A Preferred Stock; (d) the availability of information concerning the trading prices and volume of shares of our Series A Preferred Stock; and (e) the number of broker-dealers willing to execute trades in shares of our Series A Preferred Stock. Each of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on the price of our Series A Preferred Stock.

The liquidity of the market for our Series A Preferred Stock also depends on a number of other factors, including prevailing interest rates, our financial condition and operating results, the number of holders of our Series A Preferred Stock, the market for similar securities and the interest of securities dealers in making a market in our Series A Preferred Stock. We cannot predict the extent to which investor interest in our Company will maintain the trading market in our Series A Preferred Stock, or how liquid that market will be. If an active market is not maintained, investors may have difficulty selling shares of our Series A Preferred Stock.

Our ability to pay cash dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock requires us to have either net profits or positive net assets (total assets less total liabilities) over our capital, and that we have sufficient working capital in order to be able to pay our debts as they become due in the usual course of business. Our ability to pay dividends may also be impaired if any of the risks described in this report were to occur. Also, payment of our dividends depends upon our financial condition and other factors as our board of directors may deem relevant from time to time. We cannot assure you that we will have sufficient cash or “surplus” to pay the cash dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock. Dividends on our Series A Preferred Stock are payable every February 28, May 30, August 31, and November 30. Our board of directors is not required to declare a dividend on the Series A Preferred Stock and did not declare a dividend on the Series A Preferred Stock since February 2022. On April 19, 2023, approximately $4.5 million that the Company maintained in a segregated account to pre-fund quarterly dividend payments on the Series A Preferred Stock until August 2022 was made available for general corporate purposes and was classified as unrestricted cash on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. Our board of directors deemed the foregoing to be in the best interests of the Company and its common stockholders in light of the Company’s current and anticipated financial condition and outlook, and after considering its fiduciary duties to the Company’s common stockholders and other relevant factors.

We may sell additional shares of preferred stock on terms that may differ from the Series A Preferred Stock. Such shares could rank on parity with or, subject to the voting rights referred to above (with respect to issuances of new series of preferred stock), senior to the Series A Preferred Stock as to distribution rights or rights upon liquidation, winding up or dissolution. The subsequent issuance of additional shares of Series A Preferred Stock, or the creation and subsequent issuance of additional classes of preferred stock on parity with the Series A Preferred Stock, could dilute the interests of the holders of Series A Preferred Stock offered hereby. Any issuance of preferred stock that is senior to the Series A Preferred Stock would not only dilute the interests of the holders of Series A Preferred Stock, but also could affect our ability to pay distributions on, redeem or pay the liquidation preference on the Series A Preferred Stock.

One of the factors that influences the price of the Series A Preferred Stock is the dividend yield on the Series A Preferred Stock (as a percentage of the market price of the Series A Preferred Stock) relative to market interest rates. Continued increase in market interest rates may lead prospective purchasers of the Series A Preferred Stock to expect a higher dividend yield (and higher interest rates would likely increase our borrowing costs and potentially decrease funds available for dividend payments). Thus, higher market interest rates could cause the market price of the Series A Preferred Stock to materially decrease.

The Series A Preferred Stock special exchange right may have the effect of discouraging a third party from making an acquisition proposal for us or of delaying, deferring or preventing certain of our change of control transactions under circumstances that otherwise could provide the holders of our Series A Preferred Stock with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-current market price of such equity securities or that stockholders may otherwise believe is in their best interests.

Distributions paid to corporate U.S. holders of the Series A Preferred Stock may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction, and distributions paid to non-corporate U.S. holders of the Series A Preferred Stock may be subject to tax at the preferential tax rates applicable to “qualified dividend income,” if we have current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We do not currently have any accumulated earnings and profits. Additionally, we may not have sufficient current earnings and profits during future fiscal years for the distributions on the Series A Preferred Stock to qualify as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If the distributions fail to qualify as dividends, U.S. holders would be unable to use the dividends-received deduction and may not be eligible for the preferential tax rates applicable to “qualified dividend income.”

The exchange rate for the Series A Preferred Stock special exchange right is subject to adjustment in certain circumstances. A failure to adjust (or to adjust adequately) such exchange rate after an event that increases your proportionate interest in us could be treated as a deemed taxable dividend to you. If you are a non-U.S. holder, any deemed dividend may be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax at a 30% rate, or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable treaty, which may be set off against subsequent payments on the Series A Preferred Stock. In April 2016, the Internal Revenue Service issued new proposed income tax regulations in regard to the taxability of changes in exchange rights that will apply to the Series A Preferred Stock when published in final form and may be applied to us before final publication in certain instances.

Variations in our quarterly and year-end operating results are difficult to predict, and our income and cash flows may fluctuate significantly from period to period. If our operating results fall below the expectations of investors or securities analysts, the price of our Series A Preferred Stock could decline substantially.

The Series A Preferred Stock represents perpetual equity interests in us, and it has no maturity or mandatory redemption date and are not redeemable at the option of investors under any circumstances. As a result, the Series A Preferred Stock will not give rise to a claim for payment of a principal amount at a particular date. As a result, holders of the Series A Preferred Stock may be required to bear the financial risks of an investment in the Series A Preferred Stock for an indefinite period of time.

We have not sought to obtain a rating for the Series A Preferred Stock. No assurance can be given that one or more rating agencies might not independently determine to issue such a rating or that such a rating, if issued, would not adversely affect the market price of the Series A Preferred Stock. Also, we may elect in the future to obtain a rating for the Series A Preferred Stock, which could adversely affect the market price of the Series A Preferred Stock. Ratings only reflect the views of the rating agency or agencies issuing the ratings and such ratings could be revised downward, placed on a watch list or withdrawn entirely at the discretion of the issuing rating agency if in its judgment circumstances so warrant. Any such downward revision, placement on a watch list or withdrawal of a rating could have an adverse effect on the market price of the Series A Preferred Stock.

The market price of the Series A Preferred Stock depends on many factors, which may change from time to time, including:

• prevailing interest rates, increases in which may have an adverse effect on the market price of the Series A Preferred Stock;

• trading prices of similar securities;

• our history of timely dividend payments;

• the annual yield from dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock as compared to yields on other financial instruments;

• general economic and financial market conditions;

• government action or regulation;

• the financial condition, performance and prospects of us and our competitors;

• changes in financial estimates or recommendations by securities analysts with respect to us or our competitors in our industry;

• our issuance of additional preferred equity or debt securities; and

• actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results of us and our competitors.

As a result of these and other factors, holders of the Series A Preferred Stock may experience a decrease, which could be substantial and rapid, in the market price of the Series A Preferred Stock, including decreases unrelated to our operating performance or prospects.

The voting rights of a holder of Series A Preferred Stock are limited. Our shares of common stock are the only class of our securities that carry full voting rights. Other than the limited circumstances described in the Certificate of Designations establishing the Series A Preferred Stock and except to the extent required by law, holders of Series A Preferred Stock do not have any voting rights. Voting rights for holders of the Series A Preferred Stock exist primarily with respect to voting on amendments to our certificate of incorporation, including the certificate of designations relating to the Series A Preferred Stock, that materially and adversely affect the rights of the holders of Series A Preferred Stock or authorize, increase or create additional classes or series of our capital stock that are senior to the Series A Preferred Stock. In addition, as of August 31, 2023, the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock, have the right, voting separately as a single class, to elect two individuals to our board of directors because, as of that date, dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock had not been paid in an aggregate amount equal to the equivalent of at least six or more quarterly dividends. See “Risks related to our common stock—The holders of our Series A Preferred Stock have the right to elect two directors to our board of directors,” below.

As of the filing date of this report, 29,064,175 shares of our outstanding common stock were owned by, and 236,067,779 shares of our common stock were beneficially owned by, Acuitas Group Holdings, LLC, an entity indirectly wholly owned and controlled by Mr. Peizer, which represents the ownership of approximately 61% of our outstanding common stock and the beneficial ownership of approximately 93% of our common stock. The foregoing number of shares beneficially owned by Acuitas Group Holdings, LLC and the corresponding percentage assumes the conversion of $3.5 million of the outstanding Keep Well Notes at a conversion price of $0.36 per share (with any accrued interest paid in cash) and includes 9,722,223 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants that would be issued upon conversion of the $3.5 million of the principal amount of the outstanding Keep Well Notes. As a result, Acuitas has and is expected to continue to have the ability to significantly influence the election of our Board of Directors and the outcome of all other matters submitted to our stockholders. Acuitas’ interest may not always coincide with our interests or the interests of other stockholders, and Acuitas may act in a manner that advances its best interests and not necessarily those of other stockholders. One consequence to this substantial influence or control is that it may be difficult for investors to remove our management. It could also deter unsolicited takeovers, including transactions in which stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares over then current market prices.

Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “OTRK.” The Nasdaq Capital Market requires that listed companies satisfy continued listing standards to maintain their listing.

On October 13, 2023, we received a letter from the Listing Qualifications Staff (the “Staff”) of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) indicating that we no longer meet the minimum bid price requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the “Minimum Bid Price Rule”) because the closing bid price for our common stock was less than $1.00 for the previous 30 consecutive business days. The letter had no immediate effect on the listing of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market. Under Nasdaq listing rules, we had a 180-calendar day period, or until April 10, 2024, to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Rule.

The Staff made its determination based upon our most recent public filings as of April 11, 2024. However, as disclosed in this report, our stockholders’ equity as of December 31, 2023 and as of the date of the filing of this report is in excess of the minimum stockholders’ equity requirement for initial listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market. Accordingly, we believe we are eligible for an additional 180-calendar day period from April 10, 2024 within which to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Rule. We would regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Rule if our common stock has a minimum closing bid price of at least $1.00 per share for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days during the additional 180-calendar day period, unless Nasdaq exercises its discretion to extend such 10-day period. We have notified Nasdaq that if necessary, we intend to cure the non-compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Rule during such additional 180-calendar day period by implementing a reverse stock split in sufficient time to evidence a closing bid price of our common stock of at least $1.00 per share for a minimum of ten consecutive business days prior to the expiration of such 180-day period. If the Staff does not grant us such additional 180-calendar day period, we intend to appeal the Staff’s determination to delist our common stock to the Nasdaq Hearings Panel (the “Panel”) on or before April 18, 2024. A hearing request stays the delisting and suspension of our common stock pending the decision of the Panel. At the hearing, we would intend to present our views concerning our eligibility for the additional 180-calendar day period to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Rule and our plans for regaining compliance, which would include implementing a reverse stock split if necessary as described above.

There can be no assurance that we will be granted an additional 180-calendar day period within which to regain compliance, or, if such an extension period is granted, that we will be able to evidence compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Rule before the extension period expires.

In addition to the specified criteria for continued listing, Nasdaq also has broad discretionary public interest authority that it can exercise to apply additional or more stringent criteria for continued listing on the Nasdaq. Nasdaq has exercised this discretionary authority in the past. As of the date of the filing of this report, Acuitas is our largest stockholder and the aggregate principal amount we borrowed under the Keep Well Agreement, plus all accrued and unpaid interest thereon, was approximately $3.7 million. Mr. Peizer owns and controls Acuitas and, on March 1, 2023, the DOJ announced charges and the SEC filed a civil complaint against Mr. Peizer alleging unlawful insider trading in our stock. Nasdaq has requested certain information from us related to the charges against Mr. Peizer. We responded to those requests. No assurances can be given that Nasdaq will not exercise its discretionary public interest authority to delist our common stock due to public interest concerns related to Acuitas’ ownership of our common stock or its relationship to us under the Keep Well Agreement.

In connection with (a) the public offering and the concurrent private placement that closed on November 14, 2023 and the securities issuable in connection with the conversion of the Keep Well Notes effected in the Notes Conversion and (b) the Sixth Amendment to the Keep Well Agreement described in Item 7 of Part II of this report, we submitted listing of additional shares applications to Nasdaq in accordance with Nasdaq listing rules. Current Staff practice is not to accept or reject listing of additional shares applications before the closing of a public or private offering. We believe that the issuances of securities in the public offering, in the concurrent private placement, in connection with the Notes Conversion and in connection with the Sixth Amendment to the Keep Well Agreement are all compliant with Nasdaq listing rules. However, Nasdaq could assert that as a result of one or more of these securities issuances, we are not in compliance with Nasdaq listing rules. For example, Nasdaq could assert that the exercise price reset and share adjustment provisions in the warrants sold in the public offering, in the concurrent private placement and/or under the Sixth Amendment to the Keep Well Agreement mandate a delisting determination unless such provisions are modified. Should that occur, we would need to obtain (1) with respect to the warrants sold in the public offering, the consent of the holders of warrants representing at least a majority of the shares of common stock underlying the warrants then outstanding and each investor in the public offering who purchased at least $1.75 million of securities at the closing of the offering, and (2) with respect to the warrant issued to Acuitas in the concurrent private placement and with respect to the securities issued under the Sixth Amendment to the Keep Well Agreement, the consent of Acuitas, for any modifications. The failure to obtain such consent(s) could result in the delisting of our common stock.

If our common stock is delisted by Nasdaq, and we are not able to list our securities on another national securities exchange, we expect our securities could be quoted on an over-the-counter market.

If this were to occur, then we could face significant material adverse consequences, including: (a) less liquid trading market for our securities; (b) more limited market quotations for our securities; (c) determination that our common stock is a “penny stock” that requires brokers to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly resulting in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our securities; (d) more limited research coverage by stock analysts; (e) loss of reputation; and (f) more difficult and more expensive equity financings in the future.

The National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996, which is a federal statute, prevents or preempts the states from regulating the sale of certain securities, which are referred to as “covered securities.” If our common stock remains listed on Nasdaq, our common stock will be covered securities. Although the states are preempted from regulating the sale of our securities, the federal statute does allow the states to investigate companies if there is a suspicion of fraud, and, if there is a finding of fraudulent activity, then the states can regulate or bar the sale of covered securities in a particular case. If our securities were no longer listed on Nasdaq and therefore not “covered securities,” we would be subject to regulation in each state in which we offer our securities.

The warrants we issued and sold in the public offering and the concurrent private placement that closed on November 14, 2023 have price-based anti-dilution provisions. Under these anti-dilution provisions, subject to certain limited exceptions, (a) the exercise price of these warrants will be reduced each time we issue or sell (or are deemed to issue or sell) any securities for a consideration per share less than a price equal to their exercise price in effect immediately prior to such issuance or sale (or deemed issuance or sale), (b) on May 14, 2026, the exercise price of these warrants will be reduced to the greater of (i) $0.1584 per share and (ii) the lesser of (x) the then exercise price and (y) the lowest volume weighted average price of our common stock on any trading day during the five trading day period immediately before May 14, 2026, (c) if at any time prior to June 20, 2027, we grant, issue or sell (or enter into any agreement to grant, issue or sell) any shares of common stock, non-convertible indebtedness and/or common stock equivalents to Acuitas that results in a reduction of the exercise price in accordance with the terms of these warrants, or we consummate (or enter into any agreement with respect to) any other financing with Acuitas and the exercise price of these warrants is greater than the lowest volume weighted average price of our common stock on any trading day during the five trading day period immediately following the public announcement of such transaction with Acuitas, then the exercise price of these warrants will be reduced to the lowest volume weighted average price on any trading day during such five trading day period, and (d) if we issue, sell or enter into any agreement to issue or sell securities at a price which varies or may vary with the market price of the shares of our common stock, the holders of these warrants will have the right to substitute such variable price for the exercise price of their then in effect. In addition, these anti-dilution provisions provide that if the exercise price of the warrants decrease, then the number of shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise thereof will proportionally increase. See “Overview—Recent Developments—Warrant Adjustment Provisions” in Item 7 of Part II of this report for more information regarding these anti-dilution provisions. In addition, as described in “Overview—Recent Developments—Sixth Amendment to Existing Keep Well Agreement” in Item 7 of Part II of this report, subject to stockholder approval, we will issue additional warrants to Acuitas that contain these anti-dilution provisions.

To the extent we trigger, or enter into any agreement or issue any security that would trigger, the anti-dilution provisions of these warrants, our stockholders may experience substantial dilution. For example, on March 28, 2024, in connection with entering into an amendment to the Keep Well Agreement to provide for the issuance of additional securities thereunder at a price less than the exercise price of these warrants, we obtained a waiver from each holder of these warrants, pursuant to which such holder agreed to specified adjustments to the exercise price of their respective warrant in lieu of the adjustments that would otherwise be made in accordance with the terms of their respective warrant. In accordance with such waivers, the per share exercise price of their respective warrant was reduced from $0.85 to $0.3442, subject to further adjustment in accordance with the terms of such waiver and their respective warrant, and the aggregate number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of these warrants (without giving effect to the exercise of any of these warrants that occurred between their initial issuance date and the time the per share exercise price was reduced to $0.3442) increased from 57,666,666 to 142,407,513. See “Overview—Recent Developments— Waivers by Holders of Outstanding Warrants” in Item 7 of Part II of this report for additional information regarding the waivers.

The overhang represented by these warrants, coupled with their anti-dilution provisions, may make it more difficult for us to raise additional capital, because of the possible substantial dilution to any new purchaser of our securities and the ability of holders of these warrants to enter into short sales of our stock. Any potential new purchaser of our securities may choose to value our common stock in such a manner that takes into account the number of shares of our common stock that would be outstanding immediately following the exercise of all these warrants.

We incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses as a public company, including costs resulting from public company reporting obligations under the Exchange Act and regulations regarding corporate governance practices. Nasdaq's listing requirements and SEC rules require that we satisfy certain corporate governance requirements relating to director independence, filing annual and interim reports, stockholder meetings, approvals and voting, soliciting proxies, conflicts of interest and a code of conduct. Our management and other personnel devote a substantial amount of time to ensure that we comply with all of these requirements. Moreover, the reporting requirements, rules and regulations associated with being a public company result in significant legal and financial compliance costs and make some activities more time-consuming and costly. These reporting requirements, rules and regulations, coupled with the increase in potential litigation exposure associated with being a public company, could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our board of directors or board committees or to serve as executive officers, or to obtain certain types of insurance, including directors’ and officers’ insurance, on acceptable terms and we may be forced to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage.

The price at which our common stock trades fluctuates as a result of a number of factors, including the number of shares available for sale in the market, quarterly variations in our operating results and actual or anticipated announcements of our Ontrak solution, announcements regarding new or discontinued Ontrak solution contracts, new products or services by us or competitors, regulatory investigations or determinations, acquisitions or strategic alliances by us or our competitors, recruitment or departures of key personnel, the gain or loss of significant customers, changes in the estimates of our operating performance, actual or threatened litigation, market conditions in our industry and the economy as a whole.

Numerous factors, including many over which we have no control, may have a significant impact on the market price of our common stock, including:

● announcements of new products or services by us or our competitors;

● current events affecting the political, economic and social situation in the United States;

● trends in our industry and the markets in which we operate;

● changes in financial estimates and recommendations by securities analysts;

● acquisitions and financings by us or our competitors;

● the gain or loss of a significant customer;

● quarterly variations in operating results;

● the operating and stock price performance of other companies that investors may consider to be comparable;

● purchases or sales of blocks of our securities; and

● issuances of stock.

We have used the market price of our common stock to establish future payment obligations to stockholders of acquisition targets in the past and may do so in the future; any decline in the market price regardless of whether due to our performance or external market dynamics would give rise to a payment obligation to such holders. Furthermore, stockholders may initiate additional securities class action lawsuits if the market price of our stock drops significantly, which may cause us to incur further substantial costs and continue to divert the time and attention of our management.

The market price of our common stock could decline as a result of sales by, or the perceived possibility of sales by, our existing stockholders. Most of our outstanding shares are eligible for public resale pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. As of December 31, 2023, approximately 29.1 million outstanding shares of our common stock were held by our affiliates and may be sold pursuant to an effective registration statement or in accordance with the volume and other limitations of Rule 144 or pursuant to other exempt transactions. Future sales of common stock by significant stockholders, including those who acquired their shares in private placements or who are affiliates, or the perception that such sales may occur, could depress the price of our common stock.

Any future issuance of equity securities, including the issuance of shares upon direct registration, upon satisfaction of our obligations, compensation of vendors, exercise of outstanding warrants, or the conversion of the Keep Well Notes, could dilute the interests of our existing stockholders, and could substantially decrease the trading price of our common stock. As of the filing date of this report, we had outstanding (a) options to purchase 1,816,937 shares of our common stock at exercise prices ranging from $0.39 to $519.42 per share, (b) warrants to purchase 183,843,027 shares of our common stock at exercise prices ranging from $0.0001 to $9.105 per share, and (c) unvested RSUs covering 116,984 shares of our common stock. Also, assuming conversion of the $2.0 million in principal of the Surviving Note at a conversion price of $0.36 per share and $1.5 million in principal of the Initial Demand Note at a conversion price of $0.36 per share (with any accrued interest paid in cash in both cases), we would issue 5,555,556 and 4,166,667 shares of our common stock, respectively. In addition to the issuance of shares of our common stock upon the exercise or conversion of outstanding securities, we may issue equity securities in the future for a number of reasons, including to finance our operations and business strategy and in connection with acquisitions.

In the future, we may need to raise additional funds through public or private financing, which might include sales of equity or equity-linked securities. The issuance of any additional shares of common stock or securities convertible into, exchangeable for, or that represent the right to receive common stock, and/or the exercise of such securities, could be substantially dilutive to holders of shares of our common stock. Holders of shares of our common stock have no preemptive rights that entitle them to purchase their pro rata share of any offering of shares of any class or series. The market price of our common stock could decline as a result of sales of shares of our common stock or the perception that such sales could occur. Because our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of future offerings. Thus, our stockholders bear the risk of future offerings reducing the market price of our common stock and diluting their ownership interests.

We have historically relied in part on sales of our common stock to fund our operations. For example, we raised an aggregate of approximately $15.1 million in gross proceeds in fiscal years 2021 and 2022 through the sale of shares of our common stock in offerings made under a Form S-3 “shelf” registration statement. Using a shelf registration statement to conduct an equity offering to raise capital generally takes less time and is less expensive than other means, such as conducting an offering under a Form S-1 registration statement. We are no longer eligible to use a shelf registration statement due to non-payment of dividends on our Series A preferred stock since December 31, 2022. As a result, the public offering of common stock, pre-funded warrants and warrants we closed in November 2023, raising an aggregate gross proceeds of $6.3 million, was completed under a Form S-1 registration statement.

We may choose to conduct additional offerings of our securities under an exemption from registration under the Securities Act or under a Form S-1 registration statement, but we would expect either of these alternatives to be a more expensive method of raising additional capital and more dilutive to our stockholders relative to using a shelf registration statement.

Under the terms of the certificate of designation establishing our Series A Preferred Stock, if dividends on our Series A Preferred have not been paid in an aggregate amount equal to the equivalent of at least six or more quarterly dividends (whether consecutive or not), the number of directors constituting our board of directors will be increased by two, and the holders of our Series A Preferred Stock, will have the right, voting separately as a single class, to fill such newly created directorships (and to fill any vacancies in the terms of such directorships). Dividends on our Series A Preferred Stock are payable every February 28, May 30, August 31, and November 30. We have not paid the dividends on our Series A Preferred Stock since February 2022 and the director election right described above commenced on August 31, 2023.

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires that we maintain internal control over financial reporting that meets applicable standards. As with many smaller companies with small staff, material weaknesses in our financial controls and procedures may be discovered. If we are unable, or are perceived as unable, to produce reliable financial reports due to internal control deficiencies, investors could lose confidence in our reported financial information and operating results, which could result in a negative market reaction and adversely affect our ability to raise capital.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and the Delaware General Corporation Law contain provisions that may have the effect of making more difficult or delaying attempts by others to obtain control of our Company, even when these attempts may be in the best interests of stockholders. In addition, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes our Board of Directors, without stockholder approval, to issue one or more series of preferred stock, which could have voting and conversion rights that adversely affect or dilute the voting power of the holders of common stock. Delaware law also imposes conditions on certain business combination transactions with “interested stockholders.” These provisions and others that could be adopted in the future could deter unsolicited takeovers or delay or prevent changes in our control or management, including transactions in which stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares over then current market prices. These provisions may also limit the ability of stockholders to approve transactions that they may deem to be in their best interests.

We have paid no cash dividends on our common stock to date, and we intend to retain our future earnings, if any, to fund the continued development and growth of our business. As a result, we do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future on our common stock. Further, any payment of cash dividends will also depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements and other factors, including contractual restrictions to which we may be subject, and will be at the discretion of our board of directors.

ITEM 1B.    UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

The Company maintains a cybersecurity and risk management program called the Information Security Management Program ("ISMP") designed to identify, assess, manage, mitigate and respond to cybersecurity threats and attacks. The ISMP is overseen by the Company's Chief Compliance and Privacy Officer, who oversees the Company's information technology security team as it relates to the ISMP and is responsible for assessing and managing the ISMP, informs senior management regarding the prevention, detection, mitigation and remediation of cybersecurity incidents and supervises such efforts. The cybersecurity team has decades of experience selecting, deploying, and operating cybersecurity technologies, initiatives, and processes, and relies on threat intelligence as well as other information obtained from governmental, public or private sources, including external consultants engaged by the Company.

The ISMP is developed by the Company's information security team in collaboration with cross functional stakeholders, and is designed to ensure the organization's security posture and practices are in alignment with contractual, regulatory and industry requirements. Risk assessments against agreed criteria are conducted no less than annually, and sooner if there are significant changes in the environment. Security services are delivered through a combination of internal and third party resources. Formal periodic meetings are held with Company's executive leadership to review relevant components of the ISMP, formal annual reviews of the policies are conducted, formal reviews of the entire ISMP and risk register are conducted at least annually, and more frequently if there are significant changes to the environment. Also, an independent review of the ISMP is conducted in the following ways: (i) an annual HIPAA risk assessment conducted by a third party; and (ii) a HITRUST risk based two year assessment conducted by a third party.

The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors oversees the Company’s cybersecurity risk exposures and the steps taken by management to monitor and mitigate cybersecurity risks. The cybersecurity team briefs the Audit Committee on the effectiveness of the Company’s cybersecurity risk management program, typically on a quarterly basis. In addition, cybersecurity risks are reviewed by the Company's Board of Directors, at least annually, as part of the Company’s corporate risk mapping exercise.

We have, from time to time, experienced threats to and breaches of our data and systems, including breaches of our data within third party vendor's system. Risks from cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any previous cybersecurity incidents, have not materially affected and are not reasonably likely to materially affect our company, including our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition as of December 31, 2023. For more information about the cybersecurity risks we face, see the risk factor entitled "Cybersecurity incidents, security breaches, loss of data and other disruptions could compromise sensitive information related to our business, prevent us from accessing critical information or expose us to liability, which could adversely affect our business and our reputation" in Part I, Item 1A of this report.

Our leased office space in Miami, Florida, serves as our principal place of business and headquarters. We also lease office space in Henderson, Nevada, which previously served as our principal executive office, and is being used as the administrative office for certain of our back-office functions. We believe that our current office space is adequate to meet our needs.

From time to time, we are subject to various legal proceedings that arise in the normal course of our business activities. As of the date of the filing of this report, we are not a party to any litigation the outcome of which, if determined adversely to us, would individually or in the aggregate be reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial position, except for the legal proceedings discussed in Note 13, “Commitments and Contingencies” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, in Part II, Item 8, included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated by reference herein.

ITEM 4.    MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol "OTRK."

As of April 9, 2024, there were 42 stockholders of record of our common stock.

Information regarding compensation plans under which equity securities may be issued is included in Item 12 of Part III of this report.

Unregistered Sales of Securities

All sales of unregistered securities during the year ended December 31, 2023 were previously disclosed in a Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or Current Report on Form 8-K.

None.

All references to “Ontrak,” “Ontrak, Inc.,” “we,” “us,” “our” or the “Company” mean Ontrak, Inc., its wholly-owned subsidiaries and variable interest entities, except where it is made clear that the term means only the parent company.

Ontrak was founded with a passion for engaging with and helping improve the health and save the lives of anyone impacted by behavioral health conditions through our Wholehealth+ solution. We are an artificial intelligence (“AI”)-powered and technology-enabled behavioral healthcare company, whose mission is to help improve the health and save the lives of as many people as possible. Our technology-enabled platform utilizes claim-based analytics and predictive modeling to provide analytic insights throughout the delivery of our personalized care program. Our program predicts people whose chronic disease will improve with behavior change, recommends effective care pathways that people are willing to follow, and engages and guides them to and through the care and treatment they need. By combining predictive analytics with human engagement, we deliver improved member health and validated outcomes and savings to healthcare payors.

On October 31, 2023, the Company and Acuitas Capital LLC (“Acuitas Capital” and together with its affiliates, “Acuitas”) entered into a Fifth Amendment (the “Fifth Amendment”) to the Master Note Purchase Agreement dated April 15, 2022 (as amended through and including the Fifth Amendment, the “Existing Keep Well Agreement”), which, among other things, (1) reduced the minimum amount to be raised in an equity financing for such financing to constitute a “Qualified Financing” from $10.0 million to $8.0 million; (2) extended the deadline by when a Qualified Financing must be completed before the Company is required to withdraw the funds from the escrow account established under the Existing Keep Well Agreement (the “Escrow Account”) from October 31, 2023 to January 31, 2024; (3) provided that, if the Company completes a Qualified Financing, Acuitas will convert into shares of the Company’s common stock the aggregate principal amount of the senior secured convertible notes issued by the Company to Acuitas under the Existing Keep Well Agreement plus all accrued and unpaid interest thereon, minus (a) $7.0 million, minus (b) the principal amount of any senior secured convertible notes issued by the Company to Acuitas under the Existing Keep Well Agreement purchased with funds from the Escrow Account prior to the closing of the offering that constitutes the Qualified Financing, if any, in accordance with the terms (including the conversion price) of the Existing Keep Well Agreement and the senior secured convertible notes (the “Notes Conversion”); and (4) in connection with a Qualified Financing, the Company and Acuitas will consummate a private placement (the “Private Placement”) of $11.0 million of a pre-funded warrant to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Private Placement Pre-Funded Warrant”) and a warrant to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Private Placement Warrant,” and together with the Private Placement Pre-Funded Warrant, the “Private Placement Securities”). The consideration for the Private Placement Securities purchased by Acuitas was to consist of (a) the funds then held in the Escrow Account, and (b) a reduction of the aggregate amounts outstanding under the senior secured convertible notes issued by the Company to Acuitas under the Existing Keep Well Agreement (after giving effect to the Notes Conversion) to $2.0 million (the $2.0 million that remained outstanding is evidenced by a senior secured convertible promissory note that we refer to as the “Surviving Note”).

Under a letter agreement the Company entered into with Acuitas on November 9, 2023, the minimum amount to be raised in an equity financing for such financing to constitute a “Qualified Financing” was further reduced to $6.0 million. For detailed information regarding the Existing Keep Well Agreement and the transactions related thereto, including the Fifth Amendment, see the discussions under “Keep Well Agreement” and “Fifth Amendment to Keep Well Agreement and Letter Agreement” in Note 9 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this report.

On November 14, 2023, the Company completed its previously announced public offering (the “Public Offering”). In the Public Offering, the Company issued (a) 4,592,068 shares of its common stock and 9,184,136 warrants to purchase up to 9,184,136 shares of its common stock at a combined public offering price of $0.60 per share of common stock and accompanying warrants (the “Public Offering Price”), and (b) 5,907,932 pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 5,907,932 shares of its common stock (the “Public Offering Pre-Funded Warrants”) and 11,815,864 warrants to purchase up to 11,815,864 shares of its common stock at a combined public offering price of $0.5999 per Public Offering Pre-Funded Warrant and accompanying warrants, which represents the per share public offering price for the common stock and accompanying warrants less the $0.0001 per share exercise price for each Public Offering Pre-Funded Warrant. The Company refers to the warrants sold in the Public Offering accompanying the shares of common stock and the Public Offering Pre-Funded Warrants as the “Public Offering Warrants.” The Company received gross proceeds of $6.3 million from the Public Offering, and therefore the Public Offering constituted a Qualified Financing. Total net proceeds was approximately $5.3 million (net of approximately $1.0 million of offering related fees and expenses, not including the fees payable relating to the Private Placement discussed below). When originally issued, the Public Offering Warrants had an exercise price of $0.85 per share, subject to adjustment in accordance with their terms.

In accordance with the Fifth Amendment, concurrent with the closing of the Public Offering, the Company issued to Humanitario Capital LLC (“Humanitario”), an affiliate of Acuitas Capital, a Private Placement Pre-Funded Warrant to purchase up to 18,333,333 shares of the Company’s common stock and a Private Placement Warrant to purchase up to 36,666,666 shares of the Company's common stock for total consideration of $11.0 million. The consideration for the Private Placement Securities consisted of (a) the $6.0 million in the Escrow Account that Acuitas previously delivered to the Company in June 2023 and September 2023 in accordance with the Existing Keep Well Agreement (which $6.0 million was reclassified from restricted cash to unrestricted cash) and (b) $5.0 million of debt owed under the senior secured convertible notes issued by the Company to Acuitas under the Existing Keep Well Agreement, which was cancelled. In connection with the Private Placement, the Company paid placement fees of approximately $0.4 million.

In accordance with the Fifth Amendment, on November 14, 2023 and before the closing of the Public Offering and Private Placement, the Notes Conversion was effected. In connection with the Notes Conversion, $16.2 million of senior secured convertible notes issued by the Company to Acuitas under the Existing Keep Well Agreement was converted into 18,054,791 shares of the Company’s common stock and the Company issued to Acuitas a warrant to purchase up to 18,054,791 shares of the Company’s common stock with an exercise price of $0.90 per share (the “Conversion Warrant”), which was the conversion price of the senior secured convertible notes converted in the Notes Conversion. In addition, the maturity date of the Surviving Note was extended from September 30, 2024 to May 14, 2026, which date is two years and six months after the closing date of the Public Offering.

Because the Public Offering Price was less than the conversion price at which the senior secured convertible notes were converted in the Notes Conversion, (1) the Company issued to Acuitas 9,027,395 additional shares of common stock, which when added to the shares of common stock issued in respect of the Notes Conversion, equaled the total number of shares of common stock that the Company would have issued in respect of the Notes Conversion if the senior secured convertible notes converted in the Notes Conversion were converted at a conversion price equal to the Public Offering Price; and (2) the exercise price of the Conversion Warrant was reduced to the Public Offering Price and the number of shares of common stock subject to the Conversion Warrant was increased to the number of shares of common stock that would have been subject to the Conversion Warrant if the senior secured convertible notes converted in the Notes Conversion were converted at a conversion price equal to the Public Offering Price.

On March 28, 2024, the Company and Acuitas Capital entered into an amendment (the “Sixth Amendment”) to the Existing Keep Well Agreement (as amended through and including the Sixth Amendment, the “Keep Well Agreement”).

In connection with each Demand Note purchased by Acuitas from the Company (including the Initial Demand Note), and subject to the Stockholder Approval Effective Date occurring, the Company will issue to Acuitas (or an entity affiliated with Acuitas, as designated by Acuitas) a warrant (“Demand Warrant”) to purchase such number of shares of the Company’s common stock that results in 200% warrant coverage. Each Demand Warrant will have a term of five years. The initial exercise price of each Demand Warrant will be (a) in the case of the Demand Warrant issued in connection with the Initial Demand Note and in respect of the next $3.0 million of principal amount of Demand Notes purchased by Acuitas, the lesser of (i) $0.3442 (after giving effect to the reduction of the exercise price of the Public Offering Warrants and the Private Placement Warrant (collectively, the “November 2023 Warrants”) that occurred on April 5, 2024 described below) and (ii) the greater of (1) the consolidated closing bid price of the Company’s common stock as reported on The Nasdaq Stock Market or such other exchange on which the Company’s common stock is listed (the “Exchange”) immediately preceding the time the applicable Demand Note is deemed issued by the Company and (2) $0.12, and (b) in the case of the Demand Warrants issued in connection with any subsequent Demand Notes, the consolidated closing bid price of the Company’s common stock as reported on the Exchange immediately preceding the time the applicable Demand Note is deemed issued by the Company, which initial exercise price will, in each case of clauses (a) and (b) above, be subject to further adjustment in accordance with the terms of the Demand Warrant and the Sixth Amendment. The terms of the Demand Warrants will be substantially similar to the terms of the November 2023 Warrants. See “Warrant Adjustment Provisions,” below.

Replacement of Keep Well Warrants. Following the Stockholder Approval Effective Date, the Company will issue to each holder of each warrant to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock issued under the Existing Keep Well Agreement outstanding as of the Stockholder Approval Effective Date (any such warrant, a “Replaced Keep Well Warrant”), in exchange therefor, a warrant to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock (a “New Keep Well Warrant”) substantially in the form of the Demand Warrant, and each Replaced Keep Well Warrant will be deemed automatically cancelled.

Each New Keep Well Warrant will (a) have the same issuance date as the Replaced Keep Well Warrant in respect of which it was issued, (b) a term of five years from the original issuance date of the Replaced Keep Well Warrant in respect of which it was issued, and (c) an initial exercise price equal to $0.3442 (after giving effect to the reduction of the exercise price of the November 2023 Warrants that occurred on April 5, 2024 described below), which will be subject to further adjustment in accordance with its terms and the terms of the Sixth Amendment.

Also on March 28, 2024, the Company and each holder of a Public Offering Warrant entered into a waiver and consent agreement (collectively, the “Public Offering Investor Waivers”), pursuant to which such holder agreed to waive, with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Sixth Amendment, certain limitations and prohibitions in the securities purchase agreement pursuant to which the Public Offering Warrants were issued that otherwise would have prohibited the Company from entering into the Sixth Amendment and consummating the transactions contemplated thereby.

In addition, pursuant to the Public Offering Investor Waivers, the holders of the Public Offering Warrants agreed to the following adjustments to the exercise price of the Public Offering Warrants then in effect (in lieu of the adjustments that would otherwise be made in accordance with the terms of the Public Offering Warrants as described below) in connection with the Sixth Amendment and the transactions contemplated thereby: (i) the exercise price was reduced to $0.36 at the time the Company entered into the Sixth Amendment; (ii) if $0.36 was greater than the lowest volume weighted average price (“VWAP”) of the Company’s common stock on any trading day during the five trading day period immediately following the public announcement of the Company entering into the Sixth Amendment (the “Restricted Transaction Measuring Period”), then the exercise price would be further reduced to the lowest VWAP on any trading day during the Restricted Transaction Measuring Period; and (iii) if any senior secured promissory note issued under the Keep Well Agreement is converted into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price less than the exercise price of the Public Offering Warrants then in effect, after giving effect to the preceding clauses (i) and (ii) and any adjustments pursuant to the terms of the Public Offering Warrant (other than Section 3(b) thereof), then the exercise price will be further reduced to such conversion price at such time of such conversion.

The lowest VWAP on any trading day during the Restricted Transaction Measuring Period was $0.3442. Accordingly, the exercise price of the November 2023 Warrants was reduced to, and currently is, $0.3442 per share, which is subject to further adjustment in accordance with the terms of the Investor Waivers and the November 2023 Warrants.

•Adjustment in May 2026. On May 14, 2026, the exercise price of the warrants will be reduced to the greater of (i) $0.1584 per share and (ii) the lesser of (x) the then exercise price and (y) the lowest volume weighted average price of our common stock on any trading day during the five trading day period immediately before May 14, 2026.

•Alternative Exercise Price Following Certain Issuances. If we issue or sell, or enter into any agreement to issue or sell, any common stock, common stock equivalents, or rights, warrants or options to purchase shares of our capital stock or common stock equivalents that are issuable or convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for shares of our common stock at a price which varies or may vary with the market price of our common stock (excluding customary adjustments in the event of stock dividends, stock splits, reorganizations or similar events), the holder will have the right, in its sole discretion, to substitute the variable price for the exercise price of its warrants.

•Adjustment for Stock Combination Events. In the event of stock dividends, stock splits, reorganizations or similar events affecting our common stock (a “Stock Combination Event”), if the Event Market Price (as defined below) is less than the exercise price of the warrants then in effect (after giving effect to customary adjustments thereto as a result of the event), then on the 16th trading day immediately following the Stock Combination Event, the exercise price of the warrants will be reduced to the Event Market Price. “Event Market Price” means, with respect to any Stock Combination Event, the quotient determined by dividing (x) the sum of the volume weighted average price of our common stock for each of the five lowest trading days during the 20 consecutive trading day period ending and including the trading day immediately preceding the 16th trading day after the date of such Stock Combination Event, by (y) five.

•Adjustment Upon Restricted Investor Subsequent Placement. If at any time prior to June 20, 2027, we (1) grant, issue or sell (or enter into any agreement to grant, issue or sell) any shares of common stock, non-convertible indebtedness and/or common stock equivalents to Acuitas that results in a reduction of the exercise price in accordance with the terms of the warrants, or (2) consummate (or enter into any agreement with respect to) any other financing with Acuitas (any transaction described in clause (1) or (2), other than certain exempt issuances, a “Restricted Transaction”) and the exercise price of the warrants is greater than the lowest volume weighted average price of our common stock on any trading day during the five trading day period immediately following the public announcement of such Restricted Transaction, then the exercise price of the warrants will be reduced to the lowest volume weighted average price on any trading day during such five trading day period.

•Adjustment for Dilutive Issuances. If we issue (or enter into any agreement to issue) any shares of our common stock or common stock equivalents, excluding certain exempt issuances, for a consideration per share less than the exercise price of the warrants in effect immediately prior to such issuance or deemed issuance, then the exercise price of the warrants will be reduced to an amount equal to the consideration per share at which the common stock or common stock equivalents were issued or deemed issued.

•Adjustment to Number of Shares Issuable Upon Exercise. Simultaneously with any adjustment to the exercise price on or prior to June 20, 2027, the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise will be increased or decreased proportionally, such that the aggregate exercise price of the warrants, after taking into account the adjustment in the exercise price, will be equal to the aggregate exercise price before the adjustment in the exercise price.

In the event of a fundamental transaction, as described in the November 2023 Warrants, the Demand Warrants and New Keep Well Warrants and which generally includes any reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification of our common stock, the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of our properties or assets, our consolidation or merger with or into another person, the acquisition of more than 50% of our outstanding common stock, or any person or group becoming the beneficial owner of 50% of the voting power represented by our outstanding common stock, a holder of any of the November 2023 Warrants, the Demand Warrants or New Keep Well Warrants will be entitled to receive upon exercise thereof the kind and amount of securities, cash or other property that the holder would have received had it exercised the holder’s applicable warrant immediately prior to such fundamental transaction. Additionally, as more fully described in the November 2023 Warrants, the Demand Warrants and New Keep Well Warrants, in the event of certain fundamental transactions, the holder will be entitled to receive consideration in an amount equal to the Black Scholes Value (as defined in the warrants) of the warrants on the date of consummation of such transaction.

On October 10, 2023, the Company was notified by a health plan customer of its intent not to continue using the Company’s services after February 2024. The customer advised us to cease enrollment of any new members from that customer immediately. The customer also informed us that the notification was related to the customer’s change in strategy and not reflective of the performance or value of the Company’s services. For the year ended December 31, 2023, we billed this customer approximately $4.3 million, representing 33.8% of our total revenue. As of the date we received this customer's notice, our outreach pool, which represents individuals insured by our health plan customers who have been identified through our advanced data analytics and predictive modeling with untreated behavioral health conditions that may be impacted through enrollment in the Ontrak program, decreased by 5,997 due to individuals insured by this customer. See the risk factor titled “A substantial percentage of our revenues are attributable to a few large customers, any or all of which may terminate our services at any time,” in Item 1A of Part I of this report.

•In August 2022, approximately 34% of our employee positions were eliminated, which resulted in a reduction of annual compensation costs of approximately $7.7 million and in annual third party costs of approximately $3.0 million, and we incurred approximately $0.9 million of one-time termination related costs, including severance payments and benefits payable to the impacted employees.

•In March 2023, approximately 19% of our employee positions were eliminated, which resulted in a reduction of annual compensation costs of approximately $2.7 million, and we incurred approximately $0.5 million of one-time termination related costs, including severance payments and benefits payable to the impacted employees.

•In February 2024, approximately 21% of our employee positions were eliminated, which is expected to result in a reduction of annual compensation costs of approximately $2.0 million, and we incurred approximately $0.3 million of one-time termination related costs, including severance payments and benefits payable to the impacted employees. The headcount reductions were completed during March 2024.

For information regarding restructuring, severance and related costs, refer to Note 6 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this report.

On November 20, 2023, The Nasdaq Stock Market removed our Series A Preferred Stock from listing and registration on The Nasdaq Stock Market due to non-compliance with the minimum bid price requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5555(a)(1). Our Series A Preferred Stock currently trades in the over-the-counter OTC Markets system.

In July 2023, we filed a certificate of amendment to its amended and restated certificate of incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware implementing a 1-for-6 reverse stock split. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Capital Market on a post-split basis at the open of trading on July 28, 2023. See Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this report for more information.

The Company is involved in various securities class actions and purported stockholder derivative complaints, and the Company has incurred legal costs related to the SEC/Department of Justice (the “DOJ”) investigation of the Company's former Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors, as described in Note 13 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this report. The Company maintains a corporate liability insurance policy which provides coverage for legal defense costs. The terms of this insurance policy provide that the insurer will pay the third party directly on behalf of the Company for such legal defense costs. Based on the Company's analysis, the Company's obligation as the primary obligor of the invoices for legal defense costs has not been transferred to the insurer and as such, the Company records these costs as an other receivable with a corresponding liability on its consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2023, the Company submitted cumulative claims for legal defense costs totaling approximately $3.1 million, of which $2.7 million has been paid by the insurer to the third parties. The Company has $0.4 million of claims for legal defense costs recorded as other receivable included in “Prepaid expenses and other current assets” and $0.4 million as part of “Other accrued liabilities” on its consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023.

The following table sets forth our key metrics that we use to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate financial projections and make strategic decisions:

•Revenue. Our revenues are mostly generated from fees charged to health plan customers related to health plan members enrolled in our Ontrak program. Our contracts are generally designed to provide cash fees to us on a monthly basis, an upfront case rate, or fee for service based on enrolled members and achievement of certain member specified metrics that drive clinical engagement. Our performance obligation is generally satisfied over the length of the Ontrak program as our services our delivered and in certain contractual arrangement that provides for a minimum guarantee at the end of a contractual term upon non-achievement of stipulated revenue targets, revenue for the minimum guarantee is recognized when our performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time.

•Cash flow from operations. Our business activities generally have resulted in an outflow of cash flow from operations as we invest strategically into our business to help the growth of our operations.

•Effective outreach pool. Our effective outreach pool represents individuals insured by our health plan customers who have been identified through our advanced data analytics and predictive modeling with untreated behavioral health conditions that may be impacted through enrollment in the Ontrak program.

Our revenue for 2023 was $12.7 million compared to $14.5 million for 2022. The decrease in our revenue in 2023 compared to 2022 was primarily due to a decrease in total average enrolled members during 2023 compared to 2022.

Our cash flow from operations for 2023 was $(15.5) million compared to $(24.0) million for 2022. The improvement in our cash flow from operations during 2023 compared to 2022 was primarily due to a decrease in net loss which resulted primarily from an improvement in operating expenses resulting from strategic headcount reductions throughout 2022 and 2023.

Our effective outreach pool at December 31, 2023 was 2,161 compared to 3,861 at December 31, 2022. The decrease was primarily due to a health plan customer informing us, in October of 2023, of their intent not to continue using our services after February 2024, partially offset by an increase related to several factors including the refinement of our proprietary and predictive algorithms to identify additional eligible members, the addition of high-acuity, commercial members resulting from an amendment executed with an existing customer and the expansion of the Ontrak program for a Medicaid plan customer to a new 18 to 20 year old cohort of members.

As we work with our remaining customers in maximizing return on their investment, optimizing our enrollment process, and enhancing our offering, the effective outreach pool could continue to fluctuate in the near term.

On February 29, 2024, we announced the expansion of our program to a larger commercial population with a health plan customer, one of the largest health systems in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic and Southeast. On March 12, 2024, we announced a continuing expansion of our strategic partnership with the same health plan customer to offer our program to eligible self-insured groups. The expanded partnership initially represents a more than 6.5 times increase in the number of this customer's members who are eligible for the Ontrak WholeHealth+ program. As of the date of the filing of this report, our effective outreach pool more than doubled to over 5,000 as compared to December 31, 2023.

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized when, or as, we satisfy our performance obligations by transferring the promised goods or services to the customers. Revenue from a performance obligation satisfied over time is recognized by measuring our progress in satisfying the performance obligation in a manner that depicts the transfer of the goods or services to the customer. Revenue related to health plan customers whose health plan members are enrolled in our program is recognized over the enrollment period of the program.

One of our customer contracts includes a minimum guarantee aggregate invoices at agreed upon rates of $5.8 million over a two year contractual period ending on December 31, 2024, of which we have invoiced $0.3 million as of December 31, 2023, leaving $5.5 million of minimum guarantee over the remaining contractual period. In the event the minimum guarantee is not achieved, the shortfall will be invoiced to the customer on December 31, 2024, at which time revenue can be recognized.

Cost of revenue consists primarily of salaries related to our care coaches, member engagement specialists and other staff directly involved in member care, healthcare provider claims payments and related processing fees, and other direct costs incurred to serve our health plan customers. All costs are recognized in the period in which an eligible member receives services.

Our operating expenses consist of our sales and marketing, research and development, and general and administrative expenses, as well as restructuring, severance and related costs as applicable. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel and related expenses for our sales and marketing staff, including salaries, benefits, bonuses, stock-based compensation and commissions, and costs of marketing and promotional events, corporate communications, online marketing, product marketing and other brand-building activities. All advertising related costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel and related expenses for our engineers and software development staff, including salaries, benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation, and the cost of certain third-party service providers. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel and related expenses for administrative, legal, finance, compliance and human resource staff, including salaries, benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation, professional fees, insurance premiums, and other corporate expenses. Restructuring, severance and related costs include workforce reduction costs and asset impairment charges, if any.

Interest expense consists primarily of interest expense from our outstanding debt, accretion of debt discount, amortization of debt issuance costs and finance leases.

Other income (expense), net consists of gains and losses associated with changes in fair value of warrant liabilities and contingent consideration, write-off of debt issuance related costs and other assets, net gain related to the write-off of an operating lease asset and liability upon early termination of the lease, and other miscellaneous income and expense items.

The table below and the discussion that follows summarize our results of operations for each of the periods indicated (in thousands):

The mix of our revenues between commercial and government insured members can fluctuate year over year. The following table sets forth our sources of revenue for each of the periods indicated:

			Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except percentages)			2023						2022						Change						Change %
Commercial revenue			$	4,320					$	6,772					$	(2,452)					(36)		%
Percentage of commercial revenue to total revenue			34		%				47		%				(13)		%
Government revenue			$	8,423					$	7,742					$	681					9		%
Percentage of government revenue to total revenue			66		%				53		%				13		%
Total revenue			$	12,743					$	14,514					$	(1,771)					(12)		%

Total revenue decreased $1.8 million, or 12%, in 2023 as compared to 2022. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in total average enrolled members during 2023 compared to 2022.

The mix of our revenues from commercial customers decreased to 34% in 2023 compared to 47% in 2022, and from government customers increased to 66% in 2023 compared to 53% in 2022. This shift in mix of revenues in commercial and government customers was mainly due to a decrease in commercial revenue throughout 2023 as compared to 2022 for a customer compared to an increase in government revenue during 2023 compared to 2022 for another customer.

As discussed above, in October 2023, we were notified by a health plan customer of its intent not to continue using our services after February 2024. This customer informed us that its decision was related to its change in strategy and not reflective of the performance or value of our services.

Cost of revenue decreased $3.5 million, or 47%, in 2023 as compared to 2022. The decrease was primarily due to the effect of lower headcount and cost optimization initiatives we implemented focused on operational improvements to our member facing organization, and a decrease in provider costs.

Gross profit and gross profit margin increased by $1.7 million and 20%, respectively, in 2023 as compared to 2022. The increase in both gross profit and gross profit margin was primarily due to the decrease in our cost of revenue discussed above, partially offset by the decrease in revenue discussed above.

Total operating expense decreased by $21.2 million, or 42%, in 2023 as compared to 2022. The decrease was primarily due to the following:

•$4.3 million decrease in our research and development costs, which was primarily related to $1.9 million decrease in employee-related costs, a $1.3 million decrease in depreciation expense, a $0.9 million decrease in software related costs and a $0.7 million decrease in professional consulting fees;

•$1.4 million decrease in our sales and marketing costs, which was primarily related to $1.3 million decrease in employee-related costs and $0.2 million decrease in promotional costs related to marketing initiatives, partially offset by $0.1 million increase in software and professional consulting costs;

•$15.0 million decrease in our general and administrative costs, which was primarily related to $10.7 million decrease in employee-related costs, $1.2 million decrease in insurance related costs, $1.1 million decrease in software related costs, $0.7 million decrease in other general professional service costs, $0.6 million decrease in legal costs, $0.2 million decrease in occupancy costs, $0.2 million decrease in membership dues and subscription costs, $0.2 million decrease in travel and entertainment expenses and decrease in other general administrative costs, partially offset by a $0.5 million increase in bad debt expense; and

•$0.5 million decrease in restructuring, severance and related costs, which was primarily due to costs related to the workforce reduction implemented in August 2022 compared to the workforce reduction implemented in March 2023. For more information, see Note 6 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this report.

Other income, net of $0.3 million for 2023 was primarily related to a $0.5 million gain resulting from the write-off of an operating lease asset and liability upon early termination of the lease for office space in Santa Monica, California, partially offset by approximately $0.2 million of net lease termination related fees. Other expense, net of $3.5 million for 2022 was primarily related to a $3.3 million write-off of debt issuance costs on promissory notes we issued in 2019 and 2020, and a $0.3 million write-off of other asset, partially offset by $0.1 million of net gain related to changes in the fair value of warrant liabilities.

Interest expense, net increased $3.3 million, or 84%, in 2023 as compared to 2022. The increase was primarily due to higher average total outstanding loan balance during 2023 compared to 2022, as well as higher amount of accretion of debt discount to interest expense and higher weighted average interest rate in 2023 compared to 2022.

Income tax benefit of $0.08 million for 2023 was primarily related to a reversal of accrued estimated income taxes. Income tax expense of $0.09 million for 2022 was primarily related to state minimum taxes.

We generate revenues from fees charged for the services we provide to commercial (employer funded), managed Medicare Advantage, managed Medicaid and dual eligible (Medicare and Medicaid) populations. We also generate revenues from the fees charged for mental health and wellbeing support services we provide to members of employer customers under our LifeDojo wellbeing solution. We aim to increase the number of members that are eligible for our solutions by signing new contracts and identifying more eligible members within customers with whom we have existing contracts.

We have incurred significant net losses and negative operating cash flows since our inception, and we expect to continue to incur net losses and negative operating cash flow, in part due to the negative impact on our operations by customer terminations. As of December 31, 2023, our total cash was $9.7 million and we had working capital of approximately $8.8 million. For the year ended December 31, 2023, our average monthly cash burn rate from operations was $1.3 million.

On November 14, 2023, the Notes Conversion, the Public Offering and the Private Placement were completed. All amounts we owed under then outstanding senior secured convertible notes we issued to Acuitas under the Keep Well Agreement, other than $7.0 million, was converted into shares of our common stock in the Notes Conversion, and $5.0 million of such $7.0 million was applied toward the purchase price of the securities we issued in the Private Placement. We raised net proceeds of approximately $5.3 million in the Public Offering, and $6.0 million of restricted cash held by us in escrow together with $5.0 million of amounts owed under then outstanding senior secured convertible notes we issued to Acuitas was applied toward the purchase price of the securities we issued in the Private Placement. See “Overview—Recent Developments—Public Offering, Private Placement and Notes Conversion” above.

Throughout 2022 and in March 2023, as part of our continued cost saving measures to reduce our operating costs and to better align with our previously stated strategic initiatives, we implemented a number of reductions in workforce and vendor cost optimization plans. We began to realize the effect of these cost saving measures in 2022 and 2023, including a decrease in our operating costs and an improvement in our average monthly cash flow from operations.

In February 2024, we implemented an additional reduction in workforce to reduce our operating costs. These cost optimization plans were necessary to right size our business commensurate with our then current customer base.

On March 28, 2024, we and Acuitas entered into the Sixth Amendment, pursuant to which up to a total of $15.0 million of Demand Notes may be issued through April 2025. We issued the Initial Demand Note of $1.5 million on April 5, 2024. Acuitas, in its sole discretion, may purchase from the Company, and the Company will issue and sell to Acuitas, up to an additional $13.5 million in principal amount of Demand Notes, at such time and in such principal amounts as specified in the Sixth Amendment. From March 28, 2024 through April 2, 2024, we received a total of $1.9 million of cash proceeds from the exercise of Public Offering Warrants by certain holders thereof for a total of 5,166,664 shares of our common stock (see Note 14 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this report). As of the date of filing this report, approximately $3.7 million of secured debt, including accrued paid-in-kind interest, was outstanding under the Keep Well Agreement, $1.5 million of which is payable upon demand of the holder, and the balance of which matures on May 14, 2026, unless it becomes due and payable in full earlier, whether by acceleration or otherwise. See “Overview—Recent Developments—Sixth Amendment to Existing Keep Well Agreement” above.

We will need additional capital to successfully execute our growth strategy. In addition to revenue from business operations, since April 2022, our primary source of working capital has historically been borrowings under the Keep Well Agreement and raising capital in equity offerings. We may seek to raise additional capital through equity or debt financings, however, when we can affect such financings and how much capital we can raise depends on a variety of factors, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of our common stock and our determination as to the appropriate sources of funding for our operations. In addition, under the securities purchase agreement we entered into in connection with the Public Offering, we are generally prohibited from issuing shares of our common stock or common stock equivalents for capital raising purposes through May 12, 2024; however, from and after February 12, 2024, we may issue shares of our common stock or common stock equivalents for capital raising purposes if the per share price is $0.60 or greater. There can be no assurance that other capital will be available when needed or that, if available, it will be obtained on terms favorable to us and our stockholders, that we will be successful in implementing cost optimization initiatives, or that we will be successful in executing our growth strategy. In addition, the Keep Well Agreement contains various financial and other covenants, and any non-compliance with those covenants could result in an acceleration of the repayment of the amounts outstanding thereunder. Furthermore, equity or debt financings may have a dilutive effect on the holdings of our existing stockholders, and debt financings may subject us to restrictive covenants, operational restrictions and security interests in our assets. See the risk factors entitled “We expect to continue to incur substantial operating losses” and “We will need additional funding, and we cannot guarantee that we will find adequate sources of capital in the future” in Item 1A. Risk Factors, Part I of this report.

Regardless of our success in raising additional capital, we expect our cash on hand as of December 31, 2023, together with the $1.9 million of cash proceeds we received from the exercise of Public Offering Warrants, discussed above, and the amount potentially available for borrowing under the Keep Well Agreement, will be sufficient to meet our obligations for at least the next 12 months from the date the financial statements in this report are released.

The following table sets forth a summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

We used $15.5 million of cash from operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared with $24.0 million during the same period in 2022. The year over year improvement in our cash flow from operations during 2023 as compared to 2022 was primarily due to a decrease in net loss which resulted primarily from an improvement in operating expenses resulting from strategic headcount reductions throughout 2022 and 2023.

Net cash used in investing activities was $0.3 million in 2023 compared with $1.2 million in 2022, relating to capitalized software development costs in each of the years. We anticipate that software development costs and capital expenditures will continue to decrease during the near term.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $15.8 million in 2023 compared with net cash used in financing activities of $31.1 million in 2022. Net cash provided by financing activities for 2023 was primarily related to $8.0 million of proceeds from borrowings under the Keep Well Agreement, $6.0 million of proceeds received under the Keep Well Agreement which was applied to purchase our securities issued in the Private Placement, and $6.3 million of gross proceeds from the Public Offering, partially offset by $1.7 million of total financing transaction costs, and $2.6 million of financed insurance premium payments. Net cash used in financing activities for 2022 was primarily related to $39.2 million of repayments made on our promissory notes we issued in 2019 and 2020, representing full payment and termination of those promissory notes, $2.8 million of payments made on our financed insurance premiums and $2.2 million of dividend payments made on our Series A Preferred Stock, partially offset by $11.0 million borrowed under the Keep Well Agreement and $3.3 million net raised in a registered direct offering of our common stock.

As a result of the above, our total cash was $9.7 million as of December 31, 2023.

See Note 9 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this report for a detailed discussion about our debt.

See Note 8 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this report for a detailed discussion about our common stock and preferred stock offerings, and related preferred stock dividends.

As of December 31, 2023, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements.

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that may not be readily apparent from other sources. On an on-going basis, we evaluate the appropriateness of our estimates and we maintain a thorough process to review the application of our accounting policies. Our actual results may differ from these estimates.

We consider our critical accounting estimates to be those that (1) involve significant judgments and uncertainties, (2) require estimates that are more difficult for management to determine, and (3) may produce materially different results when using different assumptions. We have discussed these critical accounting estimates, the basis for their underlying assumptions and estimates, and the nature of our related disclosures herein with the audit committee of our Board of Directors. We believe our accounting policies related to revenue recognition and share-based compensation expense involve our most significant judgments and estimates that are material to our consolidated financial statements. They are discussed further below.

The Company generates virtual healthcare service revenue from contracts with customers as it satisfies its performance obligations to customers and their members enrolled in our Ontrak program. The virtual healthcare service is transferred to a customer when, or as, the customer obtains control of that service. A performance obligation may be satisfied over time or at a point in time. Revenue from a performance obligation satisfied over time is recognized by measuring progress in a manner that depicts the transfer of services to the customer. Revenue from a performance obligation satisfied at a point in time is recognized at the point in time that the Company determines the customer obtains control over the promised service. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those promised services (i.e., the “transaction price”). In determining the transaction price, the Company considers multiple factors, including identification of the performance obligation and the effects of variable consideration. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price only to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainties with respect to the amount are resolved. In determining when to include variable consideration in the transaction price, the Company considers the range of possible outcomes, the predictive value of past experiences, the time period of when uncertainties expect to be resolved and the amount of consideration that is susceptible to factors outside the Company's influence, such as the judgment and actions of third parties.

Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired in a business combination. Goodwill is carried at historical cost, not amortized, and subject to write-down, as needed, based upon an impairment analysis that we perform annually on October 1 or more frequently if an event occurs or change in circumstances indicates that the asset may be impaired. We operate as one reporting unit and the fair value of the reporting unit is estimated using quoted market prices in active markets of our common stock. The implied fair value of goodwill is compared to the carrying value of goodwill as of the testing date, and an impairment charge is recognized for the excess of the carrying value of goodwill over its implied fair value, if any. We conducted our annual goodwill impairment test as of October 1, 2023 and determined that no impairment of goodwill existed.

Definite-lived intangible assets include acquired software technology and customer relationships resulting from a business acquisition. We amortize such definite-lived intangible assets on a straight line basis over their estimated useful lives. Definite-lived intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. See below under "Valuation of Long-Lived Assets" for more information.

We review long-lived assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. In the event the undiscounted future cash flow attributable to the asset is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the long-lived asset. Changes in estimates of future cash flows attributable to the long-lived assets could result in a write-down of the asset in a future period.

We conducted an impairment analysis of our long-lived assets and determined that there was no impairment relating to these long-lived assets as of December 31, 2023.

We measure and recognize compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors based on estimated fair values on the date of grant. We estimate the fair value of RSU awards based on the closing stock price of our common shares on the date of grant. We estimate the fair value of shares for stock option awards using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service periods in the consolidated statements of operations. We recognize forfeitures when they occur.

We account for the issuance of stock options and warrants for services from non-employees by estimating the fair value of stock options and warrants issued using the Black-Scholes pricing model. This model’s calculations incorporate the exercise price, the market price of shares on grant date, the weighted average risk-free interest rate, expected life of the option or warrant, expected volatility of our stock and expected dividends.

For information regarding recent accounting pronouncements adopted and under evaluation, refer to Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Our consolidated financial statements and related financial information required to be filed hereunder are indexed under Item 15 of this report and are incorporated herein by reference.

We have evaluated, with the participation of our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

There were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2023, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Management's Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) and for assessing the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Our internal control system is designed to provide reasonable assurance to our management and Board of Directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).

Our internal control over financial reporting is supported by written policies and procedures that:

•pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets;

•provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and our Board of Directors; and

•provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements.

Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, using the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013). Management's assessment included an evaluation of the design of our internal control over financial reporting and testing of the operational effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Based upon this assessment, our management believes that, as of December 31, 2023, our internal control over financial reporting was effective based on those criteria.

Because of its inherent limitations, a system of internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance and may not prevent or detect misstatements. In addition, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risks that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions and that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the SEC that permit us to provide only management’s report in this Annual Report.

(a) As previously reported, on October 13, 2023, we received a letter from the Listing Qualifications Staff (the “Staff”) of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) indicating that we no longer meet the minimum bid price requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the “Minimum Bid Price Rule”) because the closing bid price for our common stock was less than $1.00 for the previous 30 consecutive business days. The letter had no immediate effect on the listing of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market. Under Nasdaq listing rules, we had a 180-calendar day period, or until April 10, 2024, to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Rule.

The Staff made its determination based upon our most recent public filings as of April 11, 2024. Our stockholders’ equity as of December 31, 2023 was $14.3 million, and as of the date of the filing of this report, our stockholders’ equity remains in excess of the minimum stockholders’ equity requirement for initial listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market, which is $5.0 million under the “equity standard” for The Nasdaq Capital Market. Accordingly, we believe we are eligible for an additional 180-calendar day period from April 10, 2024 within which to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Rule. We would regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Rule if our common stock has a minimum closing bid price of at least $1.00 per share for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days during the additional 180-calendar day period, unless Nasdaq exercises its discretion to extend such 10-day period. We have notified Nasdaq that if necessary, we intend to cure the non-compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Rule during such additional 180-calendar day period by implementing a reverse stock split in sufficient time to evidence a closing bid price of our common stock of at least $1.00 per share for a minimum of ten consecutive business days prior to the expiration of such 180-day period. If the Staff does not grant us such additional 180-calendar day period, we intend to appeal the Staff’s determination to delist our common stock to the Nasdaq Hearings Panel (the “Panel”). A hearing request stays the delisting and suspension of our common stock pending the decision of the Panel. At the hearing, we would intend to present our views concerning our eligibility for the additional 180-calendar day period to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Rule and our plans for regaining compliance, which would include implementing a reverse stock split if necessary as described above.

There can be no assurance that we will be granted an additional 180-calendar day period within which to regain compliance, or, if such an extension period is granted, that we will be able to evidence compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Rule before the extension period expires. See also the risk factor titled “There can be no assurance that our common stock will continue to be listed on Nasdaq or, if listed, that we will be able to comply with the continued listing standards of Nasdaq, which could limit investors’ ability to transact in our securities and subject us to additional trading restrictions,” in in Part I, Item 1A of this report.

(b) During the period from October 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023, none of our directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act) adopted or terminated any Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as defined in Item 408(a)(1)(i) of Regulation S-K) or any non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K).

The following table lists our directors serving as of April 9, 2024. Each current director is serving a term that will expire at the Company's next annual meeting. There are no family relationships among any of our directors or executive officers.

Michael E. Sherman has served as the Company’s director since July 2017 and has served as Chairman of the Board since March 2023. He has worked in finance for over 30 years, having last served as a Managing Director in Investment Banking, at Barclays Plc. Prior to Barclays, Mr. Sherman was at Lehman Brothers, Inc. and Salomon Brothers Inc. Mr. Sherman specialized in equity capital markets and covered Healthcare companies, in addition to companies in other sectors. Mr. Sherman also is currently a Board Member at BioVie, Inc., a specialty pharmaceutical company. Mr. Sherman began his career in finance as a lawyer at Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton in New York City and Hong Kong.

Richard A. Berman has served as the Company’s director since February 2014. He is the Associate Vice President of Strategic initiatives for the University of South Florida Research and Innovation. He is a visiting professor of social entrepreneurship in the Muma College of Business, and a professor in the institute of innovation and advanced discovery at USF. As a recognized global leader, Mr. Berman has held positions in health care, education, politics and management. He has worked with several foreign governments, the United Nations, the U.S. Department of Health and Welfare, the FDA, and as a cabinet level official for the state of New York. He has also worked with McKinsey & Co, NYU Medical Center, Westchester Medical, Korn-Ferry International, Howe-Lewis International and numerous startup companies. In 1995, Mr. Berman was selected by Manhattanville College to serve as its tenth President. Mr. Berman is credited with the turnaround of the College, where he served until 2009.

Mr. Berman serves on the board of several organizations including EmblemHealth and as an elected member of the National Academy of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences (Formerly known as the Institute of Medicine). Mr. Berman received his BBA, MBA, and MPH from the University of Michigan and holds honorary doctorates from Manhattanville College and New York Medical College.

James M. Messina has served as the Company's director since August 2022. He is a Co-Founder and General Partner of Seattle Hill Ventures and x4 Capital Partners, which invest in, and support, startup ventures by providing business development, marketing, operating and technology support. Previously, Mr. Messina was the Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer for Premera Blue Cross ("Premera"). He was responsible for effectively servicing the needs of Premera’s customers with oversight of all operational functions, from customer service to claims processing. Mr. Messina also led Sales and Marketing, responsible for growth and earnings across all markets and business lines throughout the Premera family of companies. Prior to joining Premera, Mr. Messina served as President and Chief Executive Officer of CareSite Pharmacies. He previously served as Chief Executive Officer and President of HealthMarket, a consumer-driven insurance company. Mr. Messina also served in senior level roles at CIGNA and UnitedHealth Group.

The following table lists our executive officers as of April 9, 2024 and their respective ages and positions:

Brandon H. LaVerne has served as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer since November 2023 and Chief Operating Officer since June 2022. Mr. LaVerne previously served as the Company’s Interim Chief Executive Officer from March 2023 to November 2023 and Co-President from June 2022 to March 2023. In addition, Mr. LaVerne served as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer from March 2020 to June 2022. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. LaVerne worked at PCM, Inc. from October 1998 until its sale in August 2019 and most recently served as its Chief Financial Officer, Chief Accounting Officer, Treasurer and Assistant Secretary between July 2007 and August 2019. Prior to joining PCM, Inc. Mr. LaVerne worked as the Corporate Accounting Supervisor for Computer Sciences Corporation from September 1996 to October 1998, and started his career with Deloitte & Touche LLP in September 1993. Mr. LaVerne received his Bachelor of Science in Accounting from University of Southern California and is a Certified Public Accountant (Inactive).

Mary Louise Osborne has served as the Company’s President since March 2023 and Chief Commercial Officer since June 2022. Ms. Osborne previously served as the Company’s Co-President and Chief Commercial Officer from June 2022 to March 2023 and the Company’s Chief Customer Officer from August 2021 to June 2022. Prior to joining the Company, Ms. Osborne served as the Regional Vice President, Medicaid for CVS Health from 2013 to 2020. Prior to CVS Health, Ms. Osborne served in multiple roles as Executive Vice President and President of Government Business for Coventry where she led the Mid Atlantic Government Businesses from 2002 to 2013. Ms. Osborne received her Bachelor of Arts degree from Duquesne University in 1983.

James J. Park has served as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer since June 2022, Principal Accounting Officer since August 2021 and Chief Accounting Officer since 2019. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Park served as Controller of Cornerstone OnDemand, Inc., a cloud-based software company from 2012 to 2019. In addition, he has over 10 years of public accounting experience with PricewaterhouseCoopers. Mr. Park received his Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics with an emphasis in Accounting from the University of California, Santa Barbara and is a Certified Public Accountant (Inactive).

Our board of directors has an audit committee established in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Exchange Act. Our audit committee currently consists of three directors, Messrs. Berman, Sherman and Messina, with Mr. Berman serving as the chairman of the audit committee. Our board of directors has determined that each of the members of the audit committee are independent as defined by the NASDAQ rules, meet the applicable requirements for audit committee members, including Rule 10A-3(b) under the Exchange Act, and that Mr. Berman qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by Item 401(h)(2) of Regulation S-K.

Our board of directors has adopted a code of ethics that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. Our code of ethics is available through the “Investors-Governance” section of our website at http://www.ontrakhealth.com. We intend to disclose any changes in our code of ethics or waivers from it that apply to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions by posting such information on our website or by filing with the SEC a Form 8-K, in each case in accordance with applicable SEC or Nasdaq rules.

Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires our directors and executive officers, and persons who own more than 10% of our outstanding common stock, to file with the SEC, initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of our equity securities. Such persons are required by SEC regulations to furnish us with copies of all such reports they file.

To our knowledge, based solely on a review of the copies of such reports furnished to us regarding the filing of required reports, we believe that all Section 16(a) reports required to be filed by our directors, executive officers and greater-than-ten-percent beneficial owners with respect to fiscal 2023 were timely filed, except that a Form 4 was filed late by each of Messrs. Peizer, Sherman, Berman, Messina, LaVerne, and Park, and Ms. Osborne.

Under Item 402 of Regulation S-K, (i) all individuals serving as our principal executive officer or acting in a similar capacity during 2023, regardless of compensation level, (ii) our two most highly compensated executive officers other than persons described in the preceding clause (i) who were serving as our executive officers at December 31, 2023; and (iii) up to two additional individuals for whom disclosure would have been provided pursuant to the preceding clause (ii) but for the fact that the individual was not serving as our executive officer at December 31, 2023, are considered our “named executive officers.”

At different times during 2023, each of Terren S. Peizer and Brandon H. LaVerne served as our principal executive officer, and accordingly each of them is considered one of our named executive officers. Mr. Peizer resigned from his roles as chairman of our board of directors and as chief executive officer in March 2023.

Our other named executive officers are Brandon H. LaVerne, our current Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer, Mary Louise Osborne, our President and Chief Commercial Officer, and James J. Park, our Chief Financial Officer. All of the information in this “Executive Compensation” section has been adjusted to reflect the 1-for-6 reverse stock split effected in July 2023.

During 2023, Mr. LaVerne, Ms. Osborne and Mr. Park were granted stock options to purchase 58,334, 41,667 and 25,000 shares of our common stock, respectively.

In order to incentivize our employees who held stock options, on April 14, 2022, our compensation committee unanimously approved a repricing of certain stock options outstanding under our 2017 Stock Incentive Plan that had an exercise price above $42.00 per share. The repricing was expressly permitted by the terms of the stockholder-approved 2017 Stock Incentive Plan. As a result of the repricing, the per share exercise price of the affected options was set to $10.44, which was 10% above the closing price of our common stock on April 20, 2022. The repricing included options held by the named executive officers set out below.

In order to further incentivize our employees who held stock options, on May 11, 2023, our board of directors unanimously approved a repricing of certain stock options outstanding under our 2017 Stock Incentive Plan that had an exercise price above $10.38 per share. The repricing was expressly permitted by the terms of the stockholder-approved 2017 Stock Incentive Plan. As a result of the repricing, the per share exercise price of the affected options was set to $2.46, which was the closing price of our common stock on May 19, 2023. The repricing included options held by the named executive officers set out below.

On April 12, 2022, our compensation committee approved retention agreements for certain key employees to further motivate such persons to remain employed with us. Under the terms of the retention agreements, the employee received a stock option and was eligible to receive a cash payment if the employee remained employed with us through April 12, 2023. A portion of the cash payment was paid following the execution of the retention agreement and the balance was payable on the next regularly scheduled payday following April 12, 2023. The stock option vests over four years, with 25% of the shares subject to the award vesting on the one-year anniversary of the date of grant, and the remaining vesting as equally as possible over the following 12 quarters, subject to the employees continued service to us. The options have a seven-year life. The table below set forth details of the retention agreements entered into with our named executive officers. Each of Mr. LaVerne, Ms. Osborne, and Mr. Park received their retention cash payment in April 2023.

We entered into a three-year employment agreement with Mr. LaVerne dated July 26, 2022, with an option to renew for an additional three-year term unless terminated by either party within 90 days of the end of the original term. Mr. LaVerne is eligible for an annual bonus target of 100% of his base salary based upon achieving certain milestones. If Mr. LaVerne is terminated without good cause or resigns for good reason, his stock options will become fully vested and may be exercised for a period of twenty-four months following the date of termination, he will receive continued payments of base salary for a period of six months from his date of termination and a lump sum payment equal to six months of his base salary plus a pro-rata share of any bonus earned for the year of termination, which is payable on the six-month anniversary of the date of termination and he will receive COBRA benefits for a period of twelve months.

We entered into a three-year employment agreement with Ms. Osborne dated July 26, 2022, with an option to renew for an additional three-year term unless terminated by either party within 90 days of the end of the original term. Ms. Osborne is eligible for an annual bonus target of 100% of her base salary based upon achieving certain milestones and allows for overachievement to a maximum of 200% of her base salary. If Ms. Osborne is terminated without good cause or resigns for good reason, her options will become fully vested and may be exercised for a period of twenty-four months following the date of termination, she will receive continued payments of base salary for a period of six months from her date of termination and a lump sum payment equal to six months of her base salary plus a pro-rata share of any bonus earned for the year of termination which is payable on the six-month anniversary of the date of termination and she will receive COBRA benefits for a period of twelve months.

We entered into a three-year employment agreement with Mr. Park dated July 26, 2022, with an option to renew for an additional three-year term unless terminated by either party within 90 days of the end of the original term. Mr. Park is eligible for an annual bonus target of 50% of his base salary based upon achieving certain milestones. If Mr. Park is terminated without good cause or resigns for good reason, his options will become fully vested and may be exercised for a period of twenty-four months following the date of termination, he will receive continued payments of base salary for a period of six months from his date of termination and a lump sum payment equal to six months of his base salary plus a pro-rata share of any bonus earned for the year of termination which is payable on the six-month anniversary of the date of termination and he will receive COBRA benefits for a period of twelve months.

The following table sets forth all outstanding equity awards held by our named executive officers as of December 31, 2023. Mr. Peizer, who resigned effective March 2, 2023, held no outstanding equity awards as of December 31, 2023.

The employment agreements we have with our named executive officers and our equity incentive plan or individual award agreements thereunder provide for certain payments to our named executive officers at or following or in connection with a termination of their employment or a change of control of the Company.

For a description of the terms of the employment agreements, see “—Employment Agreements,” above.

The agreements pursuant to which we granted stock options to our executive officers provide for full vesting of their unvested awards in the event of a change of control of our Company.

Under our stock incentive plans, a change of control is deemed to occur upon:

•any persons becoming the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing 50% or more of the total voting power represented by the Company’s then outstanding voting securities;

•a merger or consolidation of the Company whether or not approved by our board of directors, which would result in more than 50% of the total voting power represented by the voting securities; or

•the sale or disposition by the Company of all or substantially all of its assets in a transaction requiring stockholder approval.

The following table provides information regarding compensation that was awarded to, earned by or paid to the individuals who served as our non-employee directors during the year ended December 31, 2023. None of our directors were awarded, earned or were paid any cash compensation during 2023. All of the information in this “Director Compensation” section has been adjusted to reflect the 1-for-6 reverse stock split effected in July 2023.

Our non-employee directors are eligible to participate in our equity incentive plans, which are administered by our compensation committee under authority delegated by our board of directors. The terms and conditions of option grants to our non-employee directors under our equity incentive plans are and will be determined in the discretion of our compensation committee, consistent with the terms of the applicable plan.

In 2023 incumbent non-employee directors were granted $50,000 worth of stock options. Grants to non-employee directors are pro-rated based upon the date they join our board of directors. In addition, each committee member was granted an additional $5,000 worth of stock options, the chairman of each committee was granted an addition $2,500 worth of stock options, and our lead independent director at the time was granted an additional $15,000 worth of stock options. The value of stock options was determined using the Black-Scholes model. The exercise price of the stock options was equal to the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant and the stock options vest quarterly over a one-year period from the date of grant, subject to attendance at meetings of our board of directors unless such absence is excused by the chairman of our board of directors.

We also reimburse our directors for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses they incur in connection with attending board or committee meetings.

Outstanding equity awards held by non-employee directors as of December 31, 2023 were as follows: