This SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) is dated as of March 27, 2024, by and among Avalo Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and each purchaser identified on Annex A hereto (each, including its successors and assigns, a “Purchaser” and collectively, the “Purchasers”).

A. The Company and each Purchaser is executing and delivering this Agreement in reliance upon the exemption from securities registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (the “Securities Act”), and Rule 506 of Regulation D (“Regulation D”) as promulgated by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under the Securities Act.

B. The Purchasers, severally and not jointly, wish to purchase (in the amounts set forth on Annex A), and the Company wishes to issue and sell, upon the terms and conditions stated in this Agreement, an aggregate of (i) 19,945.890625 shares (the “Preferred Shares”) of Series C Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (and including any other class of securities into which the Series C Preferred Stock may hereafter be reclassified or changed into, the “Series C Preferred Stock”) of the Company, having the designation, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends, qualifications and terms and conditions as specified in the Certificate of Designation, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A-1 (the “Series C Certificate of Designation”), which will be convertible into shares (the “Conversion Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Common Stock”) in accordance with the terms set forth in the Certificate of Designation and (ii) warrants, substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit C (the “Warrants”), to acquire shares of Common Stock and Series C Preferred Stock (the “Warrant Shares” and together with the Conversion Shares, the “Derivative Shares”) with an exercise price of $5.796933 per share.

C. Commodore Capital Master LP (“Commodore”) wishes to purchase, and the Company wishes to issue and sell, upon the terms and conditions stated in this Agreement, one share of Series D Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (and including any other class of securities into which the Series D Preferred Stock may hereafter be reclassified or changed into, the “Series D Preferred Stock”) of the Company, having the designation, preferences, or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, qualifications and terms and conditions as specified in the Certificate of Designation, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A-2 (the “Series D Certificate of Designation”).

D. TCG Crossover Fund II, L.P. (“TCGX”) wishes to purchase, and the Company wishes to issue and sell, upon the terms and conditions stated in this Agreement, one share of Series E Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (and including any other class of securities into which the Series E Preferred Stock may hereafter be reclassified or changed into, the “Series E Preferred Stock” and together with the Preferred Shares, the Warrants and the Series D Preferred Stock, the “Securities”) of the Company, having the designation, preferences, or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, qualifications and terms and conditions as specified in the Certificate of Designation, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A-3 (the “Series E Certificate of Designation” and together with the Series C Certificate of Designation and the Series D Certificate of Designation, the “Certificates of Designations”).

E. Pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Series C Certificate of Designation, the conversion of the Series C Preferred Stock shall be subject to receipt of the Requisite Stockholder Approval (as defined herein).

F. The Company has engaged Oppenheimer & Co.as its exclusive placement agent (the “Placement Agent”) for the offering of the Securities on a “best efforts” basis.

G. Concurrently with the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Company is entering into an Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization by and among the Company, Project Athens Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Merger Sub”), Project Athens Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Merger Sub”), Second Project Athens Merger Sub, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Second Merger Sub”), AlmataBio, Inc. (“Almata”), and the securityholders’ representative identified therein, in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit G attached hereto (the “Merger Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company and Almata intend to effect a merger of Merger Sub with and into Almata and immediately thereafter effect a merger of Almata with and into Second Merger Sub (the “Merger”). Upon consummation of the Merger, Almata will cease to exist and Second Merger Sub will remain wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company.

H. Immediately prior to the Closing (as defined herein): (i) the parties hereto shall execute and deliver a Registration Rights Agreement, substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), pursuant to which, among other things, the Company will agree to provide certain registration rights with respect to the Derivative Shares under the Securities Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder and applicable state securities laws and (ii) the Company shall file with the Delaware Secretary of State each of the Certificates of Designation, duly executed by an officer of the Company.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and each Purchaser, severally and not jointly, hereby agree as follows:

1.1 Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, for all purposes of this Agreement, the following terms shall have the meanings indicated in this Section 1.1:

“Acquiring Person” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.5.

“Action” means any action, suit, inquiry, notice of violation, proceeding (including any partial proceeding such as a deposition) or investigation pending or, to the Company’s Knowledge, threatened against the Company, its Subsidiaries or any of their respective properties, or any officer, director or employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries acting in his or her capacity as an officer, director or employee, before or by any federal, state, county, local or foreign court, arbitrator, governmental or administrative agency, regulatory authority, stock market, stock exchange or trading facility.

“Affiliate” means, with respect to any Person, any other Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, Controls, is controlled by or is under common control with such Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.

“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.

“Business Day” means any day except Saturday, Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or any day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close.

“Certificates of Designation” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.

“Closing” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.2(a).

“Closing Date” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.2(a).

“Commission” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.

“Commodore” has the meaning set forth in the recitals.

“Company Counsel” means Wyrick Robbins Yates & Ponton LLP, with offices at 4101 Lake Boone Trail, Suite 300, Raleigh, NC 27607.

“Company Covered Person” means, with respect to the Company as an “issuer” for purposes of Rule 506 promulgated under the Securities Act, any person listed in the first paragraph of Rule 506(d)(1)

“Company Deliverables” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.3(a).

“Company’s Knowledge” means with respect to any statement made to the Company’s Knowledge, that the statement is based upon the actual knowledge, or knowledge that would have been acquired after reasonable inquiry, of the executive officers or directors of the Company having responsibility for the matter or matters that are the subject of the statement. With respect to any matters relating to intellectual property, such awareness or reasonable expectation to have knowledge does not require any such individual to conduct or have conducted or obtain or have obtained any freedom to operate opinions of counsel or any intellectual property rights clearance searches.

“Contract” means, with respect to any Person, any written or oral agreement, contract, subcontract, lease (whether for real or personal property), mortgage, license, or other legally binding commitment or undertaking of any nature to which such Person is a party or by which such Person or any of its assets are bound or affected under applicable Law.

“Control” (including the terms “controlling”, “controlled by” or “under common control with”) means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by Contract or otherwise.

“Effect” means any effect, change, event, circumstance, state of fact, occurrence or development.

“Effective Date” means the date on which the initial Registration Statement required by Section 2(a) of the Registration Rights Agreement is first declared effective by the Commission.

“Encumbrance” means any lien, pledge, hypothecation, charge, mortgage, security interest, lease, exclusive license, option, easement, reservation, servitude, adverse title, claim, infringement, interference, option, right of first refusal, preemptive right, community property interest or restriction or encumbrance of any nature (including any restriction on the voting of any security, any restriction on the transfer of any security or other asset, any restriction on the receipt of any income derived from any asset, any restriction on the use of any asset and any restriction on the possession, exercise or transfer of any other attribute of ownership of any asset).

“Environmental Laws” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.1(gg).

“ERISA” means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended.

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or any successor statute, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles and practices in effect from time to time within the United States applied consistently throughout the period involved.

“Governmental Authority” means any: (a) nation, state, commonwealth, province, territory, county, municipality, district or other jurisdiction of any nature, (b) federal, state, local, municipal, foreign, supra-national or other government, (c) governmental or quasi-governmental authority of any nature (including any governmental division, department, agency, commission, bureau, instrumentality, official, ministry, fund, foundation, center, organization, unit, body or entity and any court or other tribunal, and any taxing authority) or (d) self-regulatory organization (including Nasdaq).

“Intangibles” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.1(r).

“Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions” means, with respect to the Company, the Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions, in substantially the form of Exhibit D, executed by the Company and delivered to and acknowledged in writing by the Transfer Agent.

“Lead Investor” means each of Commodore and TCGX.

“Material Adverse Effect” means any Effect, individually or together with any other Effect, that (a) has had, has, or would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the business, condition (financial or otherwise), general affairs, management, assets, liabilities, results of operations, earnings, prospects or properties of the Company or its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole; provided, however, that Effects arising or resulting from the following shall not be taken into account in determining whether there has been a Material Adverse Effect: (1) the announcement or disclosure of the sale of the Securities or other transactions contemplated by this Agreement, (2) the taking of any action, or the failure to take any action, by the Company that is required to comply with the terms of this Agreement, (3) any natural disaster or epidemics, pandemics or other force majeure events, or any act or threat of terrorism or war, any armed hostilities or terrorist activities (including any escalation or general worsening of any of the foregoing) anywhere in the world or any governmental or other response or reaction to any of the foregoing, (4) any change in GAAP or applicable law or the interpretation thereof, (5) general economic or political conditions or conditions generally affecting the industries in which the Company and its Subsidiaries operate or (6) any change in the cash position of the Company and its Subsidiaries which results from operations in the ordinary course of business; except in each case with respect to clauses (3), (4) and (5), (x) to the extent disproportionately affecting the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, relative to other similarly situated companies in the industries in which the Company and its Subsidiaries operate and (y) the underlying cause of such Effect may be considered except to the extent such underlying cause would otherwise be excluded in accordance with the foregoing; or (b) prevents, materially adversely delays or materially adversely impedes, or could reasonably be expected to prevent, materially adversely delay or materially adversely impede the performance by the Company of its obligations under this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents, including, without limitation, the issuance and sale of the Securities and the Derivative Shares.

“Nasdaq” means The Nasdaq Stock Market.

“New York Courts” means the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan.

“Outside Date” means the fifteenth (15th) day following the date of this Agreement.

“Permitted Encumbrances” means: (a) any Encumbrance for current taxes not yet due and payable or for taxes that are being contested in good faith and, in each case, for which adequate reserves have been made in accordance with GAAP; (b) minor liens that have arisen in the ordinary course of business and that do not (individually or in the aggregate) materially detract from the value of the assets or properties subject thereto or materially impair the operations of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries; (c) statutory liens to secure obligations to landlords, lessors or renters under leases or rental agreements; (d) deposits or pledges made in connection with, or to secure payment of, workers’ compensation, unemployment insurance or similar programs mandated by law; (e) non-exclusive licenses of intellectual property rights granted by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business and that do not (individually or in the aggregate) materially detract from the value of the intellectual property rights subject thereto; and (f) statutory liens in favor of carriers, warehousemen, mechanics and materialmen, to secure claims for labor, materials or supplies.

“Placement Agent” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.

“Press Release” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.4.

“Principal Trading Market” means the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is primarily listed on and quoted for trading, which, as of the date of this Agreement and the Closing Date, shall be the Nasdaq Capital Market.

“Purchaser Deliverables” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.3(b).

“Registrable Securities” has the meaning set forth in the Registration Rights Agreement.

“Registration Rights Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.

“Registration Statement” means a registration statement meeting the requirements set forth in the Registration Rights Agreement and covering the resale by the Purchasers of the Registrable Securities.

“Regulation D” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.

“SEC Reports” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.1(h).

“Secretary’s Certificate” has the meaning set forth in 2.3(a)(vi).

“Securities” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.

“Securities Act” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.

“Series C Preferred Stock” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals, and also includes any other class of securities into which the Series C Preferred Stock may hereafter be reclassified or changed into.

“Series D Preferred Stock” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals, and also includes any other class of securities into which the Series D Preferred Stock may hereafter be reclassified or changed into.

“Series E Preferred Stock” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals, and also includes any other class of securities into which the Series E Preferred Stock may hereafter be reclassified or changed into.

“Short Sales” include, without limitation, (i) all “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 promulgated under Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act, whether or not against the box, and all types of direct and indirect stock pledges, forward sale contracts, options, puts, calls, short sales, swaps, “put equivalent positions” (as defined in Rule 16a-1(h) under the Exchange Act) and similar arrangements (including on a total return basis) with respect to shares of Common Stock, and (ii) sales and other transactions through non-U.S.

broker dealers or non-U.S. regulated brokers (but shall not be deemed to include the location and/or reservation of borrowable shares of Common Stock).

“Subscription Amount” means, with respect to each Purchaser, the aggregate amount to be paid for the Securities purchased hereunder as indicated on Annex A opposite such Purchaser’s name, in United States dollars and in immediately available funds, which amount represents the number of Series C Preferred Stock being purchased by such Purchaser multiplied by the per Security purchase price of $5,796.933422.

“Subsidiary” means any subsidiary of the Company and shall include any subsidiary of the Company formed or acquired on or after the date hereof, including as a result of the Merger.

“TCGX” has the meaning set forth in the recitals.

“Trading Day” means a day on which the Principal Trading Market is open for business.

“Transaction Documents” means this Agreement, the schedules and exhibits attached hereto, the Registration Rights Agreement, the Certificates of Designation, the Warrants, the Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions and any other documents or agreements explicitly contemplated hereunder.

“Transfer Agent” means Equiniti Trust Company, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, or any successor transfer agent for the Company.

2.1 Purchase and Sale. On the Closing Date, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, the Company will issue and sell to the Purchasers, and the Purchasers will purchase, severally and not jointly, the number of Securities set forth opposite the names of each such Purchaser under the headings “Number of Warrants Purchased”, “Number of Series C Preferred Stock Purchased”, “Number of Series D Preferred Stock Purchased” and “Number of Series E Preferred Stock Purchased”, as applicable, for the Subscription Amount set forth on Annex A attached hereto.

2.2 Closing.

(a) Closing. Upon the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in Section 2.1, Section 2.2 and Article 5, the closing of the purchase and sale of the Securities (the “Closing”) shall take place remotely via exchange of executed documents and funds on the first (1st) Business Day after the date hereof (the “Closing Date”), or at such other time and place as mutually agreed by the Company and Purchasers.

(b) Payment. On or prior to the Closing Date, each Purchaser shall deliver to the Company the Subscription Amount via wire transfer of United States dollars in immediately available funds to an account designated in writing by the Company or by other means approved by the Company on or prior to the Closing Date. Within two (2) Business Days of the Closing, the Company shall cause to be delivered to such Purchaser against payment (i) a book-entry statement from the Transfer Agent evidencing the number of Preferred Shares set forth opposite such Purchaser’s name on Annex A, registered in the name of such Purchaser (or its nominee in accordance with its delivery instructions), and (ii) an electronic copy of the Warrant evidencing the number of Warrant Shares set forth opposite such Purchaser’s name on Annex A, and (iii) in the case of Commodore and TCGX, a book entry statement from the Company evidencing the share of Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock, respectively, being purchased by them in each case, free and clear of any liens or restrictions (other than those arising under state and federal securities laws and bearing the legend set forth in Section 4.1(b)). If a Purchaser has delivered the Subscription Amount prior to the Closing Date, and the Closing does not occur for any reason on or prior to the fifth (5th) Business Day following the expected Closing Date, the Company shall promptly (but not later than one (1) Business Day thereafter) return the Subscription Amount to such Purchaser by wire transfer of United States dollars in immediately available funds to the account specified by such Purchaser, and any book entries for the Securities shall be deemed cancelled; provided that, unless this Agreement has been terminated pursuant to Section 6.18, such return of funds shall not terminate this Agreement or relieve the Purchasers of their respective obligations to purchase the Securities at the Closing.

2.3 Closing Deliverables.

(a) On or prior to the Closing, the Company shall issue, deliver or cause to be delivered to each Purchaser the following (collectively, the “Company Deliverables”):

(i) electronic copies of the Warrants, executed by the Company and registered in the name of each Purchaser;

(ii) a legal opinion of Company Counsel, dated as of the Closing Date and in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Lead Investors, executed by such counsel and addressed to the Purchasers and the Placement Agent;

(iii) the Registration Rights Agreement, duly executed by the Company;

(iv) duly executed Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions acknowledged in writing by the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver, on an expedited basis, of the issuance of the number of Preferred Shares set forth opposite the name of such Purchaser under the heading “Number of Preferred Shares Purchased” on Annex A attached hereto, registered in the name of such Purchaser (or its nominee, as directed by the Purchaser);

(v) the Company shall have filed with Nasdaq a Notification Form: Listing of Additional Shares for the listing of the Derivative Shares;

(vi) a certificate of the Secretary of the Company (the “Secretary’s Certificate”), dated as of the Closing Date, in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit E;

(vii) the Compliance Certificate referred to in Section 5.1(h);

(viii) a certificate evidencing the formation and good standing of the Company issued by the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, as of a date within two (2) Business Days of the Closing Date;

(ix) a certificate evidencing the Company’s qualification as a foreign corporation and good standing issued by the Secretary of State (or comparable office) of each jurisdiction in which the Company is qualified to do business as a foreign corporation, as of a date within two (2) Business Days of the Closing Date; and

(x) a certified copy of each of the Certificates of Designation, as filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware.

(b) On or prior to the Closing, each Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company the following (the “Purchaser Deliverables”):

(i) this Agreement, duly executed by such Purchaser;

(ii) its respective Subscription Amount, in United States dollars and in immediately available funds, in the amount set forth in the “Aggregate Purchase Price (Subscription Amount)” column opposite each Purchaser’s name in the table set forth on Annex A by wire transfer to the Company; and

(iii) the Registration Rights Agreement, duly executed by such Purchaser.

3.1 Representations and Warranties of the Company. Except as previously disclosed in the SEC Reports, the Company hereby represents and warrants the following as of the date hereof and the Closing Date (except for the representations and warranties that speak as of a specific date, which shall be made as of such date) to each of the Purchasers and to the Placement Agent:

(a) Due Organization; Subsidiaries. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation or organization and each subsidiary has all requisite power and authority to carry on its business as is currently being conducted, and to own, lease and operate its properties. All of the issued shares of capital stock of, or other ownership interests in, each subsidiary have been duly and validly authorized and issued and are fully paid and nonassessable and are owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company, free and clear of any lien, charge, mortgage, pledge, security interest, claim, limitation on voting rights, equity, trust or other encumbrance, preferential arrangement, defect or restriction of any kind whatsoever. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries is duly qualified to do business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted by it or location of the assets or properties owned, leased or licensed by it requires such qualification, except for such jurisdictions where the failure to so qualify individually or in the aggregate would not have a Material Adverse Effect; and to the Company’s Knowledge, no proceeding has been instituted in any such jurisdiction revoking, limiting or curtailing, or seeking to revoke, limit or curtail, such power and authority or qualification. The Company has no “significant subsidiaries” (as such term is defined in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X).

(b) Authorization; Enforcement; Validity. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into the Transaction Documents and to perform its obligations under and consummate the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby. All corporate action on the part of the Company, its directors and stockholders necessary for the authorization, execution, sale, issuance and delivery of the Securities and, subject to the Requisite Stockholder Approval, the Derivative Shares contemplated herein has been taken. Each of the Transaction Documents have been (or upon delivery will have been) duly executed and delivered by the Company and is, or when delivered in accordance with the terms hereof or thereof, will constitute the legal, valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its respective terms, except (i) as such enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, examinership, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, liquidation or similar laws relating to, or affecting generally the enforcement of, creditors’ rights and remedies or by other equitable principles of general application, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.

(c) No Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents and the issuance, sale and delivery of the securities to be sold by the Company under the Transaction Documents (including the issuance of Securities, subject to the Company obtaining Requisite Stockholder Approval, the issuance of Conversion Shares upon the conversion of the Securities and the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the Warrants), the performance by the Company of its obligations under the Transaction Documents and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby (including without limitation, the issuance of the Securities and the reservation for issuance of the Derivative Shares) do not and will not conflict with, result in the breach or violation of, or constitute (with or without the giving of notice or the passage of time or both) a violation of, or default under, (i) any bond, debenture, note or other evidence of indebtedness, or under any lease, license, franchise, permit, indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement, joint venture or other Contract, agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or by which it or its properties may be bound or affected, (ii) the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation, as amended (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), the Company’s third amended and restated bylaws (the “Bylaws”), or the equivalent document with respect to any of the Company’s Subsidiaries, as amended and as in effect on the date hereof and the Company’s Certificates of Designation, or (iii) subject to the Requisite Stockholder Approval, any statute or law, judgment, decree, rule, regulation, ordinance or order of any court or governmental or regulatory body (including Nasdaq), governmental agency, arbitration panel or authority applicable to the Company, any of its subsidiaries or their respective properties, except in the case of clauses (i) and (iii) for such conflicts, breaches, violations or defaults that would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.

(d) Filings, Consents and Approvals. Except for any Current Report on Form 8-K or Notice of Exempt Offering of Securities on Form D to be filed by the Company in connection with the transaction contemplated hereby, any required filing with Nasdaq (other than the Listing of Additional Shares notification form for the listing of the Derivative Shares), the Requisite Stockholder Approval, the filing of the Certificates of Designation and the Registration Statement required to be filed by the Registration Rights Agreement, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is required to give any notice to, or make any filings with, or obtain any authorization, consent, or approval of any government or governmental agency in order to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Assuming the accuracy of the representations of the Purchasers in Section 3.2, no consent, approval, authorization or other order of, or registration, qualification or filing with, any court, regulatory body, administrative agency, self-regulatory organization, stock exchange or market (including Nasdaq), or other governmental body is required for the execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents, the valid issuance, sale and delivery of the Securities to be sold pursuant to the Transaction Documents (including, subject to the Company obtaining the Requisite Stockholder Approval, the issuance of Conversion Shares upon conversion of the Preferred Shares and the issuance of Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the Warrants) other than such as have been or will be made or obtained, or for any securities filings required to be made under federal or state securities laws applicable to the offering of the Securities, the issuance of Warrant Shares upon exercise of the Warrants, or the issuance of Conversion Shares upon conversion of the Preferred Shares (other than the Requisite Stockholder Approval and filings that have been made, or will be made, pursuant to the rules and regulations of Nasdaq). The Company and its Subsidiaries are unaware of any facts or circumstances that might prevent the Company from obtaining or effecting any of the registration, application or filings pursuant to this Section 3.1(d).

(e) Issuance of the Securities and Derivative Shares. The issuance of the Securities has been duly authorized, and the Securities, when issued and paid for in accordance with the terms of the Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free and clear of any Encumbrances, preemptive rights or restrictions (other than as provided in the Certificates of Designation or any restrictions on transfer generally imposed under applicable securities laws). The issuance of the Conversion Shares has been duly authorized and the Conversion Shares, subject to receipt of the Requisite Stockholder Approval, when issued in accordance with the terms of the Certificates of Designation, will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, and shall be free and clear of any Encumbrances, preemptive rights or restrictions (other than as provided in this Agreement or any restrictions on transfer generally imposed under applicable securities laws). The Company has reserved such number of shares of Common Stock sufficient to enable full conversion of all of the Preferred Shares. The issuance of the Warrant Shares has been duly authorized and the Warrant Shares, when issued in accordance with the terms of the Warrants, will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, and shall be free and clear of any Encumbrances, preemptive rights or restrictions (other than as provided in this Agreement or any restrictions on transfer generally imposed under applicable securities laws). The Company has reserved such number of shares of Common Stock sufficient to enable the full exercise of all of the Warrants.

(f) Capitalization.

(i) As of December 31, 2023 (the “Capitalization Date”), the authorized capital stock of the Company consisted of (i) 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Preferred Stock”), none of which were issued and outstanding and (ii) 200,000,000 shares of Common Stock, 801,746 shares of which were issued and outstanding. The Preferred Stock and the Common Stock are collectively referred to herein as the “Capital Stock.” All of the issued and shares of Capital Stock have been duly authorized and validly issued and are fully paid and nonassessable and are free of any Encumbrances. As of the Capitalization Date, the Company has reserved (A) 7,731 shares of Common Stock for issuance under the Company’s Third Amended and Restated 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”), of which 7,281 shares have been reserved for issuance upon exercise or settlement of Company options granted and outstanding under the 2016 Plan and 450 shares remain available for future issuance pursuant to the 2016 Plan, (B) 784 shares of Common Stock for future issuance pursuant to the Company’s 2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and (C) 17,254 shares of Common Stock for issuance upon the exercise of warrants to acquire shares of Common Stock, all of which remain subject to exercise in exchange for Common Stock. After giving effect to the Merger and the issuance of the Securities, the Company will have (x) 34,326 shares of Series C Preferred Stock designated, of which 22,357.890625 will be issued and outstanding, (y) 1 share of Series D Preferred Stock authorized, 1 of which will be issued and outstanding, and (z) 1 share of Series E Preferred Stock authorized, 1 of which will be issued and outstanding. None of the outstanding shares of the Company were issued in violation of any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities of the Company. Except as otherwise set forth in this Agreement or in the Merger Agreement, as of the date hereof there are no outstanding options, warrants, rights (including conversion or preemptive rights), agreements, arrangements or commitments of any character, whether or not contingent, relating to the issued or unissued Capital Stock of the Company or obligating the Company to issue or sell any share of Capital Stock of, or other equity interest in, the Company. The issuance and sale of the Securities (including, subject to the Company obtaining the Requisite Stockholder Approval, the issuance of Conversion Shares upon conversion of the Securities) will not obligate the Company to issue shares of Common Stock or other securities to any Person (other than the Purchasers) and will not result in a right of any holder of Company securities to adjust the exercise, conversion, exchange or reset price under any of such securities.

(ii) Effective as of the consummation of the Merger, Almata will be a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company.

(g) Merger Agreement.

(i) The Merger Agreement has been duly and validly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company, the First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub and, assuming due authorization, execution and delivery by the other parties thereto, constitutes a valid and binding agreement of the Company, the First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub enforceable against the Company, the First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub in accordance with its terms, except as enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally or by equitable principles relating to enforceability.

(ii) To the Company’s Knowledge, the representations and warranties of Almata contained in Section 3 of the Merger Agreement (as qualified therein and in the disclosure schedules thereto) were, as of the date of the Merger Agreement, and are, as of the date hereof, true and accurate in all material respects (or, if any such representations or warranties are qualified by materiality, material adverse effect or similar language, true and correct in all respects).

(h) SEC Reports; Disclosure Materials. The Company has filed or furnished, as applicable, on a timely basis all forms, statements, schedules, certifications, reports and other documents required to be filed or furnished by it with the Commission under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act since January 1, 2022 (collectively, and in each case including all exhibits and schedules thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein, the “SEC Reports”). As of the time it was filed with the Commission (or, if amended or superseded by a filing prior to the date of this Agreement, then on the date of such

filing), each of the SEC Reports complied in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act (as the case may be) and as of the time they were filed, none of the SEC Reports contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. There are no material outstanding or unresolved comments in comment letters from the staff of the Division of Corporation Finance of the Commission with respect to any of the SEC Reports. The Company meets and, following completion of the Merger will meet, the requirements for use of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.

(i) No Undisclosed Events, Liabilities, Developments or Circumstances. Other than the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents or as disclosed in the SEC Documents, no event, liability, development or circumstance has occurred or exists, or is reasonably expected to exist or occur with respect to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective businesses, properties, liabilities, prospects, operations (including results thereof) or condition (financial or otherwise), that (i) would be required to be disclosed by the Company under applicable securities laws on a registration statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC relating to an issuance and sale by the Company of its Common Stock and which has not been publicly announced or (ii) could have a Material Adverse Effect.

(j) Financial Statements.

(i) As of their respective filing dates, the financial statements (including any related notes) contained or incorporated by reference in the SEC Reports (i) complied as to form in all material respects with the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and the published rules and regulations of the Commission applicable thereto, (ii) were prepared in accordance with GAAP (except as may be indicated in the notes to such financial statements or, in the case of unaudited financial statements, as permitted by Form 10-Q of the Commission, and except that the unaudited financial statements may not contain footnotes and are subject to normal and recurring year-end adjustments that are not reasonably expected to be material in amount) applied on a consistent basis unless otherwise noted therein throughout the periods indicated and (iii) fairly present, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of the respective dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows of the Company for the periods covered thereby. There has been no material change in the Company’s accounting methods or principles that would be required to be disclosed in the Company’s financial statements in accordance with GAAP. There are no financial statements (historical or pro forma) that are required to be included in the SEC Reports that are not so included as required. The interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language included or incorporated by reference in the SEC Reports fairly present the information called for in all material respects and have been prepared in connection with the Commission’s rules and guidelines applicable thereto. Except as set forth in the consolidated financial statements of the Company included in the SEC Reports, the Company has not incurred any liabilities, contingent or otherwise, except those incurred in the ordinary course of business, consistent (as to amount and nature) with past practices since the date of such financial statements, none of which, individually or in the aggregate, have had or would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The books of account and other financial records of the Company and each of its Subsidiaries are true and complete in all material respects.

(ii) Section 3.04(a) of the Company Disclosure Letter (as defined in the Merger Agreement) sets forth the unaudited balance sheets of the Company dated as of January 31, 2024 (the “Company Balance Sheet”, and such date, the “Balance Sheet Date”). The Company Balance Sheet (i) has been prepared from, are in accordance with, and accurately reflect the books and records of the Company and its Subsidiaries, and (ii) fairly presents in all material respects the financial position of the Company and its Subsidiaries as of the Balance Sheet Date.

(iii) Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has any material Liabilities (as defined in the Merger Agreement), except that: (i) are reflected or reserved against in the Company Balance Sheet (including in the notes thereto); (ii) immaterial liabilities that were incurred since the date of the Company Balance Sheet in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice; or (iii) are incurred in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

(iv) Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to, or has any commitment to become a party to any joint venture, off-balance sheet partnership, or any similar Contract (as defined in the Merger Agreement) or arrangement (including any Contract (as defined in the Merger Agreement) or arrangement relating to any transaction or relationship between or among the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, on the one hand, and any other Person, including any structured finance, special purpose, or limited purpose Person, on the other hand).

(k) Independent Accountants. Ernst & Young LLP, who have certified certain financial statements of the Company and delivered their report with respect to the audited financial statements included in the SEC Reports, have at all times since the date of enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act been (i) a registered public accounting firm (as defined in Section 2(a)(12) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act), (ii) to the Company’s Knowledge, “independent” with respect to the Company within the meaning of Regulation S-X under the Exchange Act and (iii) to the Company’s Knowledge, in compliance with subsections (g) through (l) of Section 10A of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated by the Commission and the Public Accounting Oversight Board.

(l) Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The Company and each Subsidiary is in compliance with any and all applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, and any and all applicable rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC thereunder.

(m) Absence of Certain Changes. Since January 1, 2024, there has been (i) no material adverse change to, and no material adverse development in, the assets, liabilities, business, properties, operations, condition (financial or otherwise), results of operations or prospects of the Company or its Subsidiaries, (ii) no Material Adverse Effect, (iii) no satisfaction or discharge of any material Encumbrance or payment of any obligation by the Company, except in the ordinary course of business and (iv) no waiver, not in the ordinary course of business, by the Company or any Subsidiary of a material right or of a material debt owed to it. Since January 1, 2024, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has (i) purchased any of its outstanding Common Stock (other than from its employees or other service providers in connection with the termination of their service pursuant to the terms of its equity compensation plans or agreements) or declared or paid any dividends or distributions, (ii) sold any material assets, individually or in the aggregate, outside of the ordinary course of business, (iii) made any material change or material amendment to, or waiver of any material right, or termination of, any material Contract, (iv) had material transaction entered into or material capital expenditures, individually or in the aggregate, outside of the ordinary course of business or (v) experienced any loss of services of any executive officer (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act), other than as disclosed in the SEC Reports prior to the date hereof. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has taken any steps to seek protection pursuant to any bankruptcy law, nor does the Company have any Knowledge or reason to believe that its creditors (if any) intend to initiate involuntary bankruptcy proceedings or any actual Knowledge of any fact that would reasonably lead any such creditor to do so. The Company and its Subsidiaries, individually and on a consolidated basis, are not as of the date hereof, and after giving effect to the transactions contemplated hereby to occur at the Closing, will not be Insolvent (as defined below). For purposes of this Section 3.1(k), “Insolvent” means, with respect to any Person, (i) the present fair saleable value of such Person’s assets is less than the amount required to pay such Person’s total indebtedness, (ii) such Person is unable to pay its debts and liabilities, subordinated, contingent or otherwise, as such debts and liabilities become absolute and matured, (iii) such Person intends to incur or believes that it will incur debts that would be beyond its ability to pay as such debts mature or (iv) such Person has unreasonably small capital with which to conduct the business in which it is engaged as such business is now conducted and is proposed to be conducted.

(n) Litigation. There is no action, suit, proceeding or investigation pending or, to the Company’s Knowledge, currently threatened against the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective directors and officers that questions the validity of the Transaction Documents or the right of the Company to enter into the Transaction Documents or to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby. There is no action, suit, proceeding or investigation pending or, to the Company’s Knowledge, currently threatened against the Company or any Subsidiary or any of their respective directors and officers which would, if there were an unfavorable decision, have or reasonably be expected to have, either individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.

(o) Employment Matters. No material labor dispute exists or, to the Company’s Knowledge, is threatened with respect to any of the employees of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries which would have or would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. None of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s employees is a member of a labor union that relates to such employee’s relationship with the Company, and neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to a collective bargaining agreement. To the Company’s Knowledge, no executive officer or key employee of the Company or any Subsidiary, is, or is now expected to be, in violation of any material term of any employment Contract, confidentiality, disclosure or proprietary information agreement or non-competition agreement, or any other Contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant in favor of any third party, and to the Company’s Knowledge, the continued employment of each such executive officer or key employee does not subject the Company or any Subsidiary to any liability with respect to any of the foregoing matters, except, in each case, matters that, individually or in the aggregate, would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. The Company is in compliance in all material respects with all U.S. federal, state, local and foreign Laws and regulations relating to employment and employment practices, terms and conditions of employment and wages and hours. The Company has fulfilled its obligations, if any, under the minimum funding standards of Section 302 of ERISA and the regulations and published interpretations thereunder with respect to each “plan” as defined in Section 3(3) of ERISA and such regulations and published interpretations in which its employees are eligible to participate and each such plan is in compliance in all material respects with the presently applicable provisions of ERISA and such regulations and published interpretations. No “Reportable Event” (as defined in 12 ERISA) has occurred with respect to any “Pension Plan” (as defined in ERISA) for which the Company could have any liability.

(p) Conduct of Business; Regulatory Permits. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is in violation of any term of or in default under its Certificate of Incorporation, any Certificate of Designation of any outstanding series of preferred stock of the Company or the Bylaws or their organizational charter or bylaws, respectively. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries (i) is in default of or in violation of, nor has the Company or any of its Subsidiaries received a claim that it is in default under or that it is in violation of, any Reportable Contract (as defined in the Merger Agreement) (whether or not such default or violation has been waived), or (ii) is in violation of any judgment, decree or order or any statute, ordinance, rule or regulation applicable to the Company or its Subsidiaries, and neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries will conduct its business in violation of any of the foregoing, except for possible violations which would not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company is not in violation of any of the rules, regulations or requirements of Nasdaq and, to the Company’s Knowledge, there exist no facts or circumstances that would reasonably lead to delisting or suspension of the Common Stock by Nasdaq in the foreseeable future. The Company and its Subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses as currently conducted and as proposed to be conducted, except where the failure to possess such certificates, authorizations or permits would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect, and neither the Company nor any such Subsidiary has received any written notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any such certificate, authorization or permit.

(q) Title to Properties and Assets. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries has good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property, and good and marketable title to all other property owned by it, in each case free and clear of all Encumbrances other than Permitted Encumbrances, except such as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made or proposed to be made of such property by the Company and its Subsidiaries. All property held under lease by the Company and its Subsidiaries is held by them under valid, existing and enforceable leases, free and clear of all Encumbrances other than Permitted Encumbrances, except such as are not material and do not materially interfere with the use made or proposed to be made of such property by the Company and its Subsidiaries.

(r) Intellectual Property Rights. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries owns or possesses legally enforceable rights to use all patents, patent rights, inventions, trademarks, trademark applications, trade names, service marks, copyrights, copyright applications, licenses, know-how and other similar rights and proprietary knowledge (collectively, “Intangibles”) necessary for the conduct of its business. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any notice of, or is not aware of, any infringement of or conflict with asserted rights of others with respect to any Intangibles.

(s) Insurance. The Company and its Subsidiaries are insured against such losses and risks in such amounts as are customary in the businesses in which they are engaged or propose to engage after giving effect to the Merger; all policies of insurance and fidelity or surety bonds insuring the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ respective businesses, assets, employees, officers and directors are in full force and effect; and the Company and each of its Subsidiaries are in compliance with the terms of such policies and instruments in all material respects. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has been denied any insurance coverage which it has sought or for which it has applied.

(t) Transactions with Affiliates and Employees. None of the officers, directors or employees of the Company is presently a party to any transaction with the Company (other than as disclosed in the Company’s SEC Documents and other than for ordinary course services as employees, officers or directors), including any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal property to or from, or otherwise requiring payments to or from any such officer, director or employee or, to the Knowledge of the Company, any corporation, partnership, trust or other Person in which any such officer, director, or employee has a substantial interest or is an employee, officer, director, trustee or partner.

(u) Internal Controls. The books, records and accounts of the Company and its Subsidiaries accurately and fairly reflect, the transactions in, and dispositions of, the assets of, and the results of operations of, the Company and its Subsidiaries. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries maintains a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurances that; (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and to maintain asset accountability, (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization, (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences and (v) the interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language that the Company files with the Commission fairly presents the information called for in all material respects and is prepared in accordance with the Commission’s rules and guidelines applicable thereto.

(v) Disclosure Controls. The Company has established and maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act), which: (i) are designed to ensure that material information relating to the Company is made known to the Company’s principal executive officer and its principal financial officer by others within the Company, particularly during the periods in which the periodic reports required under the Exchange Act are required to be prepared; (ii) provide for the periodic evaluation of the effectiveness of such disclosure controls and procedures at the end of the periods in which the periodic reports are required to be prepared; and (iii) are effective in all material respects to perform the functions for which they were established.

(w) [Reserved].

(x) Certain Fees. No person or entity will have, as a result of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, any valid right, interest or claim against or upon the Company or a Purchaser for any commission, fee or other compensation pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or understanding entered into by or on behalf of the Company, other than the Placement Agent with respect to the offer and sale of the Securities (which placement agent fees are being paid by the Company or Almata, as the case may be) and advisor fees being paid by the Company or Almata in connection with the Merger Agreement. The Purchasers shall have no obligation with respect to any fees or with respect to any claims made by or on behalf of other Persons for fees of a type contemplated in this Section 3.1(x) that may be due in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. The Company shall indemnify, pay, and hold each Purchaser harmless against, any liability, loss or expense (including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ fees and out of pocket expenses) arising in connection with any such right, interest or claim.

(y) Private Placement. Assuming the accuracy of the Purchasers’ representations and warranties set forth in Section 3.2 of this Agreement, no registration under the Securities Act is required for the offer and sale of the Securities by the Company to the Purchasers under the Transaction Documents (including, subject to the Company obtaining Requisite Stockholder Approval, the issuance of Conversion Shares upon the conversion of the Preferred Shares and the issuance of Warrant Shares upon exercise of the Warrants). The issuance and sale of the Securities hereunder (including, subject to the Company obtaining Requisite Stockholder Approval, the issuance of Conversion Shares upon the conversion of the Preferred Shares and the issuance of Warrant Shares upon exercise of the Warrants) does not contravene the rules and regulations of the Principal Trading Market.

(z) Company Not an “Investment Company.” The Company is not, and will not be, immediately after receipt of payment for the Securities, required to register as an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

(aa) Shell Company Status. The Company is not currently, and has never been, an issuer identified in Rule 144(i)(1) under the Securities Act.

(bb) Registration Rights. Other than each of the Purchasers, no Person has any right to cause the Company to effect the registration under the Securities Act of the offer and sale of any securities of the Company other than those offers and sales which are currently registered on an effective registration statement on file with the Commission.

(cc) Listing and Maintenance Requirements. The Company’s Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act, and the Company has taken no action designed to terminate the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act, nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission or the Principal Trading Market is contemplating terminating such registration or listing. The Company is, and immediately following the Closing will be, in compliance with all applicable listing requirements of the Principal Trading Market. The Company has filed with Nasdaq an additional shares listing application covering the Derivative Shares and has not received any objections from Nasdaq with respect to such application or with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby or by the Merger Agreement.

(dd) Disclosure. The Company confirms that it has not provided, and none of its officers or directors nor any other Person acting on its or their behalf (including, without limitation, the Placement Agent) has provided, and it has not authorized the Placement Agent to provide, any Purchaser or its respective agents or counsel with any information that it believes constitutes material, non-public information except information which will be disclosed by the Company in the Press Release as contemplated by Section 4.4 hereof. The Company understands and confirms that the Purchasers will rely on the foregoing representations in effecting transactions in securities of the Company.

(ee) No Integrated Offering. Assuming the accuracy of the Purchasers’ representations and warranties set forth in Section 3.2, none of the Company, its Subsidiaries nor any of its Affiliates or any Person acting on its behalf has, directly or indirectly, at any time within the past six (6) months, made any offers or sales of any Company security or solicited any offers to buy any security under circumstances that would (i) eliminate the availability of the exemption from registration under the Securities Act, including Regulation D, in connection with the offer and sale by the Company of the Securities as contemplated hereby or (ii) cause the offering of the Securities pursuant to the Transaction Documents to be integrated with prior offerings by the Company for purposes of any applicable law, regulation or stockholder approval provisions, including, without limitation, under the rules and regulations of any Trading Market on which any of the securities of the Company are listed or designated, such that the offering would violate any such provision.

(ff) Tax Matters. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries has timely filed all federal, state, local and foreign tax returns which are required to be filed by or with respect to it under applicable law. All such tax returns are true and correct in all material respects or has received timely extensions thereof, and other than has been described in the SEC Reports has paid all taxes shown on such returns and all assessments received by it to the extent that the same are material and have become due. There are no tax audits or investigations pending, which if adversely determined, could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; nor are there any material proposed additional tax assessments against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.

(gg) Compliance with Environmental Laws. (i) Each of the Company and each of its Subsidiaries is in compliance in all material respects with all rules, laws and regulation relating to the use, treatment, storage and disposal of toxic substances and protection of health or the environment (“Environmental Law”) which are applicable to its business; (ii) neither the Company nor its Subsidiaries has received any notice from any Governmental Authority or third party of an asserted claim under Environmental Laws; (iii) each of the Company and each of its Subsidiaries has received all permits, licenses or other approvals required of it under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct its business and is in compliance with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license or approval; (iv) to the Company’s Knowledge, no facts currently exist that will require the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to make future material capital expenditures to comply with Environmental Laws; and (v) no property which is or has been owned, leased or occupied by the Company or its Subsidiaries has been designated as a Superfund site pursuant to the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation of Liability Act of 1980, as amended (42 U.S.C. Section 9601, et seq.) or otherwise designated as a contaminated site under applicable state or local law. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has been named as a “potentially responsible party” under the CER, CLA 1980.

(hh) No General Solicitation. Neither the Company nor, to the Company’s Knowledge, any person acting on behalf of the Company has, directly or indirectly, offered or sold any of the Securities or Derivative Shares, or solicited any offers to buy any Securities or Derivative Shares, under any circumstances that would require registration under the Securities Act of the Securities or the Derivative Shares, including by any form of general solicitation or general advertising.

(ii) Anti-Corruption and Anti-Bribery Laws. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries nor any director, officer, or employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, nor to the Company’s Knowledge, any agent, Affiliate or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has, in the course of its actions for, or on behalf of, the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (i) used any corporate funds for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expenses relating to political activity; (ii) made or taken any act in furtherance of an offer, promise, or authorization of any direct or indirect unlawful payment or benefit to any non-U.S. or domestic government official or employee, including of any government-owned or controlled entity or public international organization, or any political party, party official, or candidate for political office; (iii) violated or is in violation of any provision of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended (the “FCPA”), the UK Bribery Act 2010, or any other applicable anti-bribery or anti-corruption Law; or (iv) made, offered, authorized, requested, or taken an act in furtherance of any unlawful bribe, rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other unlawful payment or benefit. The Company and its Subsidiaries and, to the Company’s Knowledge, the Company’s Affiliates have conducted their respective businesses in compliance with the FCPA and have instituted and maintain policies and procedures designed to ensure, and which are reasonably expected to continue to ensure, continued compliance therewith.

(jj) Money Laundering Laws. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements of the USA Patriot Act, the Bank Secrecy Act of 1970, as amended, the money laundering statutes of all jurisdictions, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”); and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator or non-governmental authority involving the Company or its Subsidiaries with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the Company’s Knowledge, threatened.

(kk) OFAC. Neither the Company nor its Subsidiaries nor any of their respective Affiliates, directors, officers, nor to the Company’s Knowledge, any agent or employee of the Company or its Subsidiaries is subject to any sanctions administered or enforced by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”) of the United States Treasury Department, the U.S. Department of State, the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, His Majesty’s Treasury or any other relevant sanctions authority; and the Company will not directly or indirectly use the proceeds of the offering of the Securities contemplated hereby, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any Subsidiary, joint venture partner or other person or entity for the purpose of financing the activities of any person that is the target of sanctions administered or enforced by such authorities or in connection with any country or territory that is the target of country- or territory-wide OFAC sanctions (currently, Iran, Syria, Cuba, North Korea, the Crimea, so-called Donetsk People’s Republic, and so-called Luhansk People’s Republic regions of Ukraine).

(ll) Off Balance Sheet Arrangements. There is no transaction, arrangement, or other relationship between the Company (or any Subsidiary) and an unconsolidated or other off balance sheet entity that is required to be disclosed by the Company in SEC Reports and is not so disclosed and would have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(mm) [Reserved.]

(nn) No Price Stabilization or Manipulation; Compliance with Regulation M. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that might cause or result in stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Securities or Derivative Shares or otherwise, and has taken no action which would directly or indirectly violate Regulation M under the Exchange Act.

(oo) Clinical Data and Regulatory Compliance. The preclinical tests and clinical trials, and other studies (collectively, “studies”) that are described in, or the results of which are referred to in, the SEC Reports were and, if still pending, are being conducted in all material respects in accordance with the protocols, procedures and controls designed and approved for such studies and with standard medical and scientific research procedures. Each description of the results of such studies is accurate and complete in all material respects and fairly presents the data derived from such studies, and the Company and its Subsidiaries have no Knowledge of any other studies the results of which are inconsistent with, or otherwise call into question, the results described or referred to in the SEC Reports. With respect to the studies that are described or referred to in the SEC Reports, the Company and its Subsidiaries have made all such filings and obtained all such approvals for such studies as currently conducted as may be required by the Food and Drug Administration of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services or any committee thereof or from any other U.S. or non-U.S. government or drug or medical device regulatory agency, or health care facility Institutional Review Board (collectively, the “Regulatory Agencies”). Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any notice of, or correspondence from, any Regulatory Agency requiring the termination, suspension or modification of any clinical trials that are described or referred to in the SEC Reports. The Company and its Subsidiaries have each operated and currently are in compliance in all material respects with all applicable rules, regulations and policies of the Regulatory Agencies.

(pp) No Additional Agreements. The Company does not have any agreement or understanding (including side letters) with any Purchaser with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents other than as specified in the Transaction Documents.

(qq) No Disqualification Events. No “bad actor” disqualifying event described in Rule 506(d)(1)(i)-(viii) of the Securities Act (a “Disqualification Event”) is applicable to the Company or, to the Company’s Knowledge, any Company Covered Person, except for a Disqualification Event as to which Rule 506(d)(2)(ii)-(iv) or (d)(3), is applicable. Other than the Placement Agent, the Company is not aware of any Person (other than any Company Covered Person) that has been or will be paid (directly or indirectly) remuneration for solicitation of purchasers in connection with the sale of the Securities or the Conversion Shares pursuant to this Agreement. The Company has complied, to the extent applicable, with its disclosure obligations under Rule 506(e), and has furnished to the Placement Agent a copy of any disclosures provided thereunder.

(rr) Data Security. Except as disclosed in the SEC Reports, (i)(x) the Company has no Knowledge of any security breach or other compromise of the Company’s information technology and computer systems, networks, hardware, software, data and databases (including the data and information of its customers, employees, suppliers, vendors and any third party data maintained by or on behalf of the Company) (collectively, “IT Systems and Data”) and (y) the Company has not been notified of, and has no Knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in, any security breach or other compromise to its IT Systems and Data, except for those instances referred to in clauses (i)(x) and (i)(y) that have been remedied without material cost or liability to the Company or without the duty to notify any other person or any incidents under internal review or investigations relating to the same; (ii) the Company is presently in compliance with all applicable laws or statutes and all applicable judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any governmental authority relating to the protection of such IT Systems and Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification; and (iii) the Company has implemented commercially reasonable backup and disaster recovery technology, except, in each of clauses (ii) and (iii), where such noncompliance, individually or in the aggregate, would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(ss) Privacy Laws. Except as would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its Subsidiaries are, and during the past three years were, in compliance with all applicable state and federal data privacy and security laws and regulations, including without limitation the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (collectively, “HIPAA”), and the Company and its Subsidiaries have taken commercially reasonable actions to prepare to comply with, and since May 25, 2018, have been and currently are in compliance in all material respects with, the European Union General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) (EU 2016/679) (collectively, the “Privacy Laws”). To ensure compliance with the Privacy Laws, the Company and its Subsidiaries have in place, comply with, and take appropriate steps reasonably designed to ensure compliance in all material respects with their policies and procedures relating to data privacy and security and the collection, storage, use, disclosure, handling, and analysis of Personal Data (the “Policies”). Except as would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its Subsidiaries have at all times made all disclosures to users or customers required by applicable laws and regulatory rules or requirements, and none of such disclosures made or contained in any Policy have, to the Company’s Knowledge, been inaccurate or in violation of any applicable laws and regulatory rules or requirements in any material respect. The Company further certifies that neither it nor any Subsidiary: (i) has received written notice of any actual or potential liability under or relating to, or actual or potential violation of, any of the Privacy Laws, and has no Knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in any such notice; (ii) is currently conducting or paying for, in whole or in part, any investigation, remediation, or other corrective action pursuant to any Privacy Law; or (iii) is a party to any order, decree, or agreement that imposes any obligation or liability under any Privacy Law, except, in each of clauses (i), (ii) and (iii), which would, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(tt)    No Registration. Assuming the accuracy of each Purchaser’s representations and warranties set forth in Section 3.2 of this Agreement, no registration under the Securities Act is required for the offer and sale of the Securities by the Company to the Purchasers as contemplated hereby (including, subject to the Company obtaining Requisite Stockholder Approval, the issuance of Derivative Shares upon the conversion of the Securities).

3.2 Representations and Warranties of the Purchasers. Each Purchaser hereby, for itself and for no other Purchaser, represents and warrants to the Company as follows:

(a) Organization; Authority. Such Purchaser is an entity duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization with the requisite corporate or, if such Purchaser is not a corporation, such partnership, limited liability company or other applicable power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by the applicable Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of this Agreement by such Purchaser and performance by such Purchaser of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate or, if such Purchaser is not a corporation, such partnership, limited liability company or other applicable like action, on the part of such Purchaser. Each Transaction Document to which it is a party has been duly executed by such Purchaser, and when delivered by such Purchaser in accordance with the terms hereof, will constitute the valid and legally binding obligation of such Purchaser, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, examinership, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, liquidation or similar laws relating to, or affecting generally the enforcement of, creditors’ rights and remedies or by other equitable principles of general application.

(b) No Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance by such Purchaser of this Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement and the consummation by such Purchaser of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby will not (i) result in a violation of the organizational documents of such Purchaser, (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event which with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any agreement, indenture or instrument to which such Purchaser is a party, or (iii) result in a violation of any Law, rule, regulation, order, judgment or decree (including U.S. federal and state securities laws) applicable to such Purchaser, except in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii) above, for such conflicts, defaults, rights or violations which would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the ability of such Purchaser to perform its obligations hereunder.

(c) Investment Intent. Such Purchaser understands that the Securities are (and the Derivative Shares will be) “restricted securities” and the offer and sale thereof have not been registered under the Securities Act or any applicable U.S. state securities law and is acquiring the Securities as principal for its own account and not with a view to, or for distributing or reselling such Securities (or the Derivative Shares) or any part thereof in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable U.S. state or other securities laws; provided, however, that by making the representations herein, such Purchaser does not agree to hold any of the Securities or Derivative Shares for any minimum period of time and reserves the right, subject to the provisions of this Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement, at all times to sell or otherwise dispose of all or any part of such Securities or Derivative Shares pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act or under an exemption from such registration and in compliance with applicable U.S. federal, state and other securities laws. Such Purchaser is acquiring the Securities hereunder in the ordinary course of its business.

Such Purchaser does not presently have any agreement, plan or understanding, directly or indirectly, with any Person to distribute or effect any distribution of any of the Securities (or any securities which are derivatives thereof) to or through any person or entity in violation of federal securities law. Such Purchaser is not a registered broker-dealer under Section 15 of the Exchange Act or an entity engaged in a business that would require it to be so registered as a broker-dealer.

(d) Purchaser Status. At the time such Purchaser was offered the Securities, it was, and at the date hereof it is, an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act.

(e) General Solicitation. Such Purchaser is not purchasing the Securities as a result of any advertisement, article, notice or other communication regarding the Securities published in any newspaper, magazine or similar media or broadcast over television or radio or presented at any seminar or any other general advertisement. The purchase of the Securities by such Purchaser has not been solicited by or through anyone other than the Company or the Placement Agent on the Company’s behalf.

(f) Experience of Such Purchaser. Such Purchaser, either alone or together with its representatives, has such knowledge, sophistication and experience in business and financial matters so as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the prospective investment in the Securities, and has so evaluated the merits and risks of such investment. Such Purchaser is able to bear the economic risk of an investment in the Securities.

(g) Access to Information. Such Purchaser acknowledges that it has had the opportunity to review the SEC Reports and has been afforded (i) the opportunity to ask such questions as it has deemed necessary of, and to receive answers from, representatives of the Company concerning the terms and conditions of the offering of the Securities and the merits and risks of investing in the Securities; (ii) access to information about the Company and the Subsidiaries and their respective financial condition, results of operations, business, properties, management and prospects sufficient to enable it to evaluate its investment; and (iii) the opportunity to obtain such additional information that the Company possesses or can acquire without unreasonable effort or expense that is necessary to make an informed investment decision with respect to the investment. Neither such inquiries nor any other investigation conducted by or on behalf of such Purchaser or its representatives or counsel shall modify, amend or affect such Purchaser’s right to rely on the truth, accuracy and completeness of the SEC Reports and the Company’s representations and warranties contained in the Transaction Documents. Such Purchaser has sought such accounting, legal and tax advice as it has considered necessary to make an informed decision with respect to its acquisition of the Securities.

(h) Certain Trading Activities. Other than with respect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, since the time that such Purchaser was first contacted by the Company, the Placement Agent or any other Person regarding the transactions contemplated hereby, the Purchaser has not, directly or indirectly, effected or agreed to effect any Short Sales. Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of such Purchaser’s assets, the foregoing representation shall only apply with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase the Securities covered by this Agreement and (ii) and in the case of a Purchaser whose investment adviser utilized an information barrier with respect to the information regarding the transactions contemplated hereunder after first being contacted by the Company or such other Person representing the Company, the representation set forth above shall only apply after the point in time when the portfolio manager who manages such Purchaser’s assets was informed of the information regarding the transactions contemplated hereunder and, with respect to the Purchaser’s investment adviser, the representation set forth above shall only apply with respect to any purchases or sales, including Short Sales, of the securities of the Company on behalf of other funds or investment vehicles for which the Purchaser’s investment adviser is also an investment adviser or sub-adviser after the point in time when the portfolio manager who manages the assets of such other funds or investment vehicles for which the Purchaser’s investment adviser is also an investment adviser or sub-adviser was informed of the information regarding the transactions contemplated hereunder. Other than to other Persons party to this Agreement and to the Purchaser’s representatives or agents, including, but not limited to, the Purchaser’s legal, tax and investment advisors, such Purchaser has maintained the confidentiality of all disclosures made to it in connection with this transaction (including the existence and terms of this transaction). Notwithstanding the foregoing, for avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein shall constitute a representation or warranty, or preclude any actions, with respect to the identification of the availability of, or securing of, available shares to borrow in order to effect Short Sales or similar transactions in the future.

(i) Brokers and Finders. No Person will have, as a result of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, any valid right, interest or claim against or upon the Purchaser for any commission, fee or other compensation pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or understanding entered into by or on behalf of the Purchaser. No Purchaser shall have any obligation with respect to any fees, or with respect to any claims made by or on behalf of other Persons for fees, in each case of the type contemplated by this Section 3.2(i) that may be due in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the Transaction Documents.

(j) Independent Investment Decision. Such Purchaser has independently evaluated the merits of its decision to purchase Securities pursuant to the Transaction Documents, and such Purchaser confirms that it has not relied on the advice of any other Purchaser’s business and/or legal counsel in making such decision. Such Purchaser understands that nothing in this Agreement or any other materials presented by or on behalf of the Company to the Purchaser in connection with the purchase of the Securities constitutes legal, tax or investment advice. Such Purchaser has consulted such legal, tax and investment advisors as it, in its sole discretion, has deemed necessary or appropriate in connection with its purchase of the Securities. Such Purchaser understands that the Placement Agent has acted solely as the agent of the Company in this placement of the Securities and such Purchaser has not relied on the business or legal advice of the Placement Agent or any of their agents, counsel or Affiliates in making its investment decision hereunder, and confirms that none of such Persons has made any representations or warranties to such Purchaser in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.

(k) Reliance on Exemptions. Such Purchaser understands that the Securities are being offered and sold to it in reliance on specific exemptions from the registration requirements of United States federal and state securities laws and that the Company is relying in part upon the truth and accuracy of, and such Purchaser’s compliance with, the representations, warranties, agreements, acknowledgements and understandings of such Purchaser set forth herein in order to determine the availability of such exemptions and the eligibility of such Purchaser to acquire the Securities.

(l) No Governmental Review. Such Purchaser understands that no United States federal or state agency or any other government or governmental agency has passed on or made any recommendation or endorsement of the Securities or the fairness or suitability of the investment in the Securities nor have such authorities passed upon or endorsed the merits of the offering of the Securities.

(m) Regulation M. Such Purchaser is aware that the anti-manipulation rules of Regulation M under the Exchange Act may apply to sales of Securities and other activities with respect to the Securities by the Purchasers.

(n) Residency. Such Purchaser’s residence (if an individual) or offices in which its investment decision with respect to the Securities was made (if an entity) are located at the address set forth under such Purchaser’s name on Annex A hereto or as otherwise specified below its address on Annex A hereto.

The Company and each of the Purchasers acknowledge and agree that no party to this Agreement has made or makes any representations or warranties with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby other than those specifically set forth in this Article 3 and the Transaction Documents.

4.1 Transfer Restrictions.

(a) Compliance with Laws. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Article 4, each Purchaser covenants that the Securities and Derivative Shares may be disposed of only pursuant to an effective registration statement under, and in compliance with the requirements of, the Securities Act, or pursuant to an available exemption from, or in a transaction not subject to, the registration requirements of the Securities Act, and in compliance with any applicable U.S. state and federal securities laws. In connection with any transfer of the Securities other than (i) pursuant to an effective registration statement, (ii) to the Company, (iii) pursuant to Rule 144 , or (iv) in connection with a bona fide pledge as contemplated in Section 4.1(b), the Company may require the transferor thereof to provide to the Company an opinion of counsel selected by the transferor and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the form and substance of which opinion shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Company, to the effect that such transfer does not require registration of such transferred Securities or Derivative Shares under the Securities Act and, as a condition of transfer, any such transferee shall agree in writing to be bound by the terms of this Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement and shall have the rights of a Purchaser under this Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement with respect to such transferred Securities or Derivative Shares.

(b) Legends. Book-entry statements evidencing the Securities and any Derivative Shares shall bear any legend as required by the “blue sky” laws of any state and a restrictive legend in substantially the following form:

THE OFFER AND SALE OF THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS ACCOUNT STATEMENT HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE OF THE UNITED STATES. THE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE SOLD, OFFERED FOR SALE, PLEDGED, HYPOTHECATED, TRANSFERRED OR ASSIGNED IN THE ABSENCE OF AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FOR THE SECURITIES UNDER APPLICABLE SECURITIES LAWS, OR UNLESS OFFERED, SOLD, PLEDGED, HYPOTHECATED OR TRANSFERRED PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THOSE LAWS. OTHER THAN FOR A TRANSFER (I) TO THE COMPANY OR (II) PURSUANT TO RULE 144, THE COMPANY AND ITS TRANSFER AGENT SHALL BE ENTITLED TO REQUIRE AN OPINION OF COUNSEL SATISFACTORY TO THE COMPANY AND THE TRANSFER AGENT THAT SUCH REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED. NOTWITHSTANDING THE FOREGOING, THE SECURITIES MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT OR OTHER LOAN OR FINANCING ARRANGEMENT SECURED BY THE SECURITIES.

The Company acknowledges and agrees that a Purchaser may from time to time pledge, and/or grant a security interest in, some or all of the legended Securities or Derivative Shares in connection with applicable securities laws, pursuant to a bona fide margin agreement in compliance with a bona fide margin loan. Such a pledge would not be subject to approval or consent of the Company and no legal opinion of legal counsel to the pledgee, secured party or pledgor shall be required in connection with the pledge, but such legal opinion shall be required in connection with a subsequent transfer or foreclosure following default by the Purchaser transferee of the pledge. No notice shall be required of such pledge, but Purchaser’s transferee shall promptly notify the Company of any such subsequent transfer or foreclosure. Each Purchaser acknowledges that the Company shall not be responsible for any pledges relating to, or the grant of any security interest in, any of the Securities or Derivative Shares or for any agreement, understanding or arrangement between any Purchaser and its pledgee or secured party. At the appropriate Purchaser’s expense, the Company will execute and deliver such reasonable documentation as a pledgee or secured party of Securities or Derivative Shares may reasonably request in connection with a pledge or transfer of the Securities or Derivative Shares, as applicable, including the preparation and filing of any required prospectus supplement under Rule 424(b)(3) of the Securities Act or other applicable provision of the Securities Act to appropriately amend the list of selling stockholders thereunder. Each Purchaser acknowledges and agrees that, except as otherwise provided in Section 4.1(c), any Securities or Derivative Shares subject to a pledge or security interest as contemplated by this Section 4.1(b) shall continue to bear the legend set forth in this Section 4.1(b) and be subject to the restrictions on transfer set forth in Section 4.1(b).

(c) Removal of Legends. Once a Registration Statement covering the resale of the Derivative Shares is declared effective, the Company shall remove, and cause its Transfer Agent to remove, all restrictive legends, including the legend set forth in Section 4.1(b) above (or, in the event that Derivative Shares are issued upon conversion or exercise, as applicable, after the Registration Statement is declared effective, the Derivative Shares shall be issued without restrictive legends). Further, the Company shall remove all restrictive legends, including the legend set forth in Section 4.1(b) above, (i) following any sale of such Derivative Shares pursuant to Rule 144 or any other applicable exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act, or (ii) if such Derivative Shares are eligible for resale under Rule 144(b)(1) or any successor provision (or, in the event that Derivative Shares are issued upon conversion or exercise, as applicable, after the conditions set forth in clauses (i) and (ii) above, the Derivative Shares shall be issued without restrictive legends). Without limiting the foregoing, either (i) upon request of the Purchaser, upon receipt by the Company of an opinion of counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Company to the effect that such legend is no longer required under the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws or (ii) as contemplated by the Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions, the Company shall promptly cause the legend to be removed from any book-entry statement for any Derivative Shares in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and deliver, or cause to be delivered, to any Purchaser new book-entry statement(s) representing the Derivative Shares that are free from all restrictive and other legends or, at the request of such Purchaser, via DWAC transfer to such Purchaser’s account.

(d) Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions. Prior to the Closing, the Company shall issue the Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions. The Company represents and warrants that no instruction other than the Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions referred to in this Section 4.1(d) (or instructions that are consistent therewith) will be given by the Company to its Transfer Agent in connection with this Agreement, and that the Securities and Derivative Shares shall otherwise be freely transferable on the books and records of the Company as and to the extent provided in this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents and applicable law. The Company acknowledges that a breach by it of its obligations under this Section 4.1(d) will cause irreparable harm to a Purchaser. Accordingly, the Company acknowledges that the remedy at law for a breach of its obligations under this Section 4.1(d) may be inadequate and agrees, in the event of a breach or threatened breach by the Company of the provisions of this Section 4.1(d) that a Purchaser shall be entitled, in addition to all other available remedies, to an order and/or injunction restraining any breach and requiring immediate issuance and transfer, without the necessity of showing irreparable harm or economic loss and without any bond or other security being required.

(e) Acknowledgement. Each Purchaser hereunder acknowledges its primary responsibilities under the Securities Act and accordingly will not sell or otherwise transfer the Securities or Derivative Shares or any interest therein without complying with the requirements of the Securities Act.

4.2 Furnishing of Information. In order to enable the Purchasers to sell the Securities and Derivative Shares under Rule 144, until such time as Purchaser may sell the Securities and Derivative Shares without limitation under Rule 144, the Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to timely file (or obtain extensions in respect thereof and file within the applicable grace period) all reports required to be filed by the Company after the date hereof pursuant to the Exchange Act and, if during such period, the Company is not required to file reports pursuant to the Exchange Act, it will prepare and furnish to the Purchasers and make publicly available in accordance with Rule 144(c) such information as is required for the Purchasers to sell the Securities and Derivative Shares under Rule 144.

4.3 Integration. The Company shall not, and shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to ensure that no Affiliate of the Company shall, sell, offer for sale or solicit offers to buy or otherwise negotiate in respect of any security (as defined in Section 2 of the Securities Act) that will be integrated with the offer or sale of the Securities or Derivative Shares in a manner that would require the registration under the Securities Act of the sale of the Securities or Derivative Shares to the Purchasers, or that will be integrated with the offer or sale of the Securities or Derivative Shares for purposes of the rules and regulations of any Trading Market such that it would require stockholder approval prior to the closing of such other transaction unless stockholder approval is obtained before the closing of such subsequent transaction; provided, however, that this Section 4.3 shall not limit the Company’s right to issue shares of capital stock pursuant to the Merger Agreement.

4.4 Securities Laws Disclosure; Publicity. By no later than 9:00 A.M., New York City time, on the Trading Day immediately following the date hereof (provided that, if this Agreement is executed between midnight and 9:00 A.M., New York City time on any Trading Day, no later than 9:01 A.M. on the date hereof), the Company shall (a) issue a press release (the “Press Release”) reasonably acceptable to the Placement Agent and the Lead Investors disclosing all material terms of the transactions contemplated hereby and (b) file a Current Report on Form 8 K with the Commission describing the terms of the Transaction Documents (and including as exhibits to such Current Report on Form 8-K the material Transaction Documents (including, without limitation, this Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement, the Certificates of Designation, and the form of Warrant)); provided that the Press Release shall not publicly disclose the name of any Purchaser or investment adviser of any Purchaser, or include the name of any Purchaser or an Affiliate of any Purchaser without the prior written consent of such Purchaser. In addition, notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not publicly disclose the name of any Purchaser or investment adviser of any Purchaser, or include the name of any Purchaser or an Affiliate of any Purchaser without the prior written consent of such Purchaser (i) in any press release or marketing materials or (ii) in any filing with the Commission or any regulatory agency or Trading Market, except as required by U.S. federal securities law (A) in connection with any registration statement contemplated by the Registration Rights Agreement (which shall be subject to review and comment of the Purchasers pursuant to the terms of the Registration Rights Agreement) or the filing of final Transaction Documents (including signature pages thereto) with the Commission and (B) to the extent such disclosure is required by law, request of the Commission’s staff or Trading Market regulations, in which case the Company shall provide the Purchasers with prior written notice of such disclosure permitted under this subclause (ii). From and after the issuance of the Press Release, no Purchaser shall be in possession of any material, non-public information received from the Company, any Subsidiary or any of their respective officers, directors, employees or agents, that is not disclosed in the Press Release. Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, covenants that until such time as the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are publicly disclosed by the Company pursuant to the Press Release, such Purchaser will maintain the confidentiality of the existence and terms of this transaction and the information provided in connection therewith; provided, however, that any disclosure may be made by the Purchaser to the Purchaser’s representatives or agents, including, but not limited to, the Purchaser’s legal, tax and investment advisors.

4.5 Shareholder Rights Plan. No claim will be made or enforced by the Company or, with the consent of the Company, any other Person, that any Purchaser is an “Acquiring Person” under any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or similar anti-takeover plan or arrangement or Law (including Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law) (a “Shareholders Rights Plan”)in effect or hereafter adopted by the Company, or that any Purchaser could be deemed to trigger the provisions of any such plan or arrangement, in either case solely by virtue of receiving Securities or Derivative Shares under the Transaction Documents, and no such Shareholder Rights Plan is currently in effect.

4.6 Non-Public Information. Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, including this Agreement, or as expressly required by any applicable securities law, the Company covenants and agrees that neither it, nor any other Person acting on its behalf, will provide any Purchaser or its agents or counsel with any information regarding the Company that the Company believes constitutes material non-public information without the express written (email being sufficient) consent of such Purchaser, (i) unless prior thereto such Purchaser shall have committed to customary obligations regarding the confidentiality and use of such information and (ii) except in the case of material, nonpublic information provided to an observer or member of the Company’s Board who is affiliated with such Purchaser. The Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company.

4.7 Use of Proceeds. The Company shall use the net proceeds from the sale of the Securities hereunder for Milestone Consideration (as defined in the Merger Agreement) and general corporate purposes, including accounts payable, and payments related to the Merger, but not for the redemption of any equity securities of the Company or the repayment of any indebtedness of the Company.

4.8 Principal Trading Market Listing. The Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to take all steps necessary to cause the Derivative Shares to be approved for listing on the Principal Trading Market as promptly as possible.

4.9 Form D; Blue Sky. The Company agrees to timely file a Form D with respect to the Securities as required under Regulation D and to provide a copy thereof, promptly upon the written request of any Purchaser. The Company, on or before the Closing Date, shall take such action as the Company shall reasonably determine is necessary in order to obtain an exemption for or to qualify the Securities for sale to the Purchasers under applicable securities or “blue sky” Laws of the states of the United States (or to obtain an exemption from such qualification) and shall provide evidence of such actions promptly upon the written request of any Purchaser.

4.10 Short Sales After the Date Hereof. Such Purchaser shall not engage, directly or indirectly, in any transactions in the Company’s securities (including, without limitation, any Short Sales involving the Company’s securities) during the period from the date hereof until the earlier of such time as (i) the

transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced as required by and described in Section 4.4 or (ii) this Agreement is terminated in full pursuant to Section 6.18.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, no Purchaser makes any representation, warranty or covenant hereby that it will not engage in Short Sales in the securities of the Company after the time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced as described in Section 4.4; provided, however, each Purchaser agrees, severally and not jointly with any Purchasers, that they will not enter into any Net Short Sales (as hereinafter defined) from the period commencing on the Closing Date and ending on the earliest of (x) the Effective Date, (y) the twelve (12) month anniversary of the Closing Date or (z) the date that such Purchaser no longer holds any Securities. For purposes of this Section 4.12, a “Net Short Sale” by any Purchaser shall mean a sale of Common Stock by such Purchaser that is marked by such Purchaser as a short sale and that is made at a time when there is no equivalent offsetting long position in Common Stock held by such Purchaser. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that a Purchaser is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of such Purchaser’s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment decisions made by the portfolio managers managing other portions of such Purchaser’s assets, the representation set forth above shall apply only with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that have knowledge about the financing transaction contemplated by this Agreement. Moreover, notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that a Purchaser has sold Securities pursuant to Rule 144 prior to the Effective Date and the Company has failed to deliver certificates without legends prior to the settlement date for such sale (assuming that such certificates meet the requirements set forth in Section 4.1(c) for the removal of legends), the provisions of this Section 4.10 shall not prohibit the Purchaser from entering into Net Short Sales for the purpose of delivering shares of Common Stock in settlement of such sale.

4.11 Beneficial Ownership Limitation. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in the Certificates of Designation, the Company shall not effect any conversion of any share of Preferred Shares or issue any Warrant Shares upon exercise of the Warrants, and a Purchaser shall not have the right to convert or exercise, as applicable, any portion of its Securities, to the extent that, after giving effect to such attempted conversion or exercise set forth on an applicable Notice of Conversion (as defined in the Certificates of Designation) and Notice of Exercise (as defined in the Warrant with respect to the Securities, such Purchaser (or any of such Purchaser’s Affiliates or any other Person who would be a beneficial owner of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Purchaser for purposes of Section 13(d) or Section 16 of the Exchange Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission, including any “group” of which the Purchaser is a member (the foregoing, “Attribution Parties”)) would beneficially own a number of shares of Common Stock in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below). For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by such Purchaser and its Attribution Parties shall include the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion or exercise, as applicable, of the Securities subject to the Notice of Conversion or Automatic Conversion (as defined in the Certificates of Designation) or Notice of Exercise (as defined in the Warrant Agreement), as applicable, with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude the number of shares of Common Stock which are issuable upon (i) conversion of the remaining, unconverted Securities beneficially owned by such Purchaser or any of its Attribution Parties, and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or unconverted portion of any other securities of the Company beneficially owned by such Purchaser or any of its Attribution Parties that are subject to and would exceed a limitation on conversion or exercise similar to the limitation contained herein. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 4.11, beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission, and the terms “beneficial ownership” and “beneficially own” have the meanings ascribed to such terms therein. In addition, for purposes hereof, “group” has the meaning set forth in Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission. For purposes of this Section 4.11, in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock, a Purchaser may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as stated in the most recent of the following: (i) the Company’s most recent periodic or annual filing with the Commission, as the case may be, (ii) a more recent public announcement by the Company that is filed with the Commission, or (iii) a more recent notice by the Company or the Company’s transfer agent to the Purchaser setting forth the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding. For any reason at any time, upon the written request of a Purchaser (which may be by e-mail), the Company shall, within one (1) Trading Day of such request, confirm in writing to such Purchaser (which may be by e-mail) the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined after giving effect to any actual conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including Securities, by such Purchaser or its Attribution Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was last publicly reported or confirmed to the Purchaser. The “Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall be set at 9.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding or deemed to be outstanding as of the applicable measurement date, or 4.99% in the case of the Lead Investors. The Company shall be entitled to rely on representations made to it by any Purchaser in any Notice of Conversion regarding its Beneficial Ownership Limitation. Notwithstanding the foregoing, by written notice to the Company, any Purchaser, other than a Lead Investor, may reset the Beneficial Ownership Limitation percentage to a higher percentage, not to exceed 9.99%, which increase will not be effective until the sixty-first (61st) day after such written notice is delivered to the Company. Notwithstanding the foregoing, at any time following notice of a Fundamental Transaction (as defined in the Certificates of Designation), the Purchaser may waive and/or change the Beneficial Ownership Limitation effective immediately upon written notice to the Company and may reinstitute a Beneficial Ownership Limitation at any time thereafter effective immediately upon written notice to the Company. The provisions of this Section 4.11 shall be construed, corrected and implemented in a manner so as to effectuate the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained and the shares of Common Stock underlying the Securities in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation shall not be deemed to be beneficially owned by the Purchaser for any purpose including for purposes of Section 13(d) or Rule 16a-1(a)(1) of the Exchange Act.

4.12 Requisite Stockholder Approval. The Company shall take all action necessary under applicable law to promptly call, give notice of and hold a special meeting of stockholders (a “Stockholder Meeting”), including filing preliminary proxy solicitation materials therefor with the Commission within 75 days from the Closing, for the purpose of obtaining stockholder approval of the conversion of all issued and outstanding Preferred Shares into and exercise of all issued and outstanding Warrants for shares of Common Stock in accordance with the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules (the “Requisite Stockholder Approval”). The Company shall use its best efforts to solicit and obtain its stockholders’ approval of such resolution and to cause the Board to recommend to the stockholders that they approve such resolution at each stockholder meeting contemplated by this Section 4.12. If the Requisite Stockholder Approval is not obtained at the Stockholder Meeting, the Company shall take all action necessary under applicable law to call, give notice of and cause an additional stockholder meeting to be held within 90 days from the prior meeting (the “Extended Stockholder Approval Period”). If the Requisite Stockholder Approval is not obtained within the Extended Stockholder Approval Period, then the Company shall take all action necessary under applicable law to call, give notice of and convene additional stockholder meetings every 90 days thereafter until the Requisite Stockholder Approval is obtained.

4.13 Conversion and Exercise Procedures.

(a) Conversion of Preferred Shares. The form of Notice of Conversion included in the Certificates of Designation sets forth the totality of the procedures required of the Purchasers in order to convert the Preferred Shares. Without limiting the preceding sentence, no ink-original Notice of Conversion shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Conversion form be required in order for the registered holder thereof to convert the Preferred Shares. No additional legal opinion, other information or instructions shall be required of a Purchaser to convert its Preferred Shares. The Company shall honor conversions of the Preferred Shares and shall deliver Conversion Shares in accordance with the terms, conditions and time periods set forth in the Transaction Documents.

(b) Exercise of Warrants. The form of Exercise Notice included in the Warrants sets forth the totality of the procedures required of the Purchasers in order to exercise the Warrants. Without limiting the preceding sentence, no ink-original Exercise Notice shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Exercise Notice form be required in order for the registered holder thereof to exercise the Warrants. No additional legal opinion, other information or instructions shall be required of a Purchaser to exercise its Warrants. The Company shall honor exercises of the Warrants and shall deliver Warrant Shares in accordance with the terms, conditions and time periods set forth in the Transaction Documents.

4.14 Lock-Up Agreements. The Company shall not consent or agree to amend, alter, waive or otherwise modify the terms of any of the Lock-Up Agreements (as defined in the Merger Agreement) without the consent of the Placement Agent and the Lead Investors.

4.15 Indemnification of Purchasers. Subject to the provisions of this Section 4.15, the Company will indemnify and hold each Purchaser and its directors, officers, shareholders, members, partners, employees, investment advisers and agents (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title), each Person who controls such Purchaser (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act and Section 20 of the Exchange Act), and the directors, officers, shareholders, agents, members, partners, investment advisers or employees (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title) of such controlling persons (each, a “Purchaser Party”) harmless from any and all losses, liabilities, obligations, claims, contingencies, damages, costs and expenses, including all judgments, amounts paid in settlements, court costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs of investigation that any such Purchaser Party may suffer or incur as a result of or relating to (i) any breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by the Company in this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents or (ii) any Action instituted against a Purchaser in any capacity, or any Purchaser Party, by any stockholder of the Company who is not an Affiliate of such Purchaser seeking indemnification, with respect to any of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents (unless such Action is based upon a breach of such Purchaser’s representations, warranties or covenants under the Transaction Documents). Promptly after receipt by any such Person (the “Indemnified Person”) of notice of any demand, claim or circumstances that would or may give rise to a claim or the commencement of any Proceeding or investigation in respect of which indemnity may be sought pursuant to this Section 4.15, such Indemnified Person shall promptly notify the Company in writing and the Company shall assume the defense thereof, including the employment of counsel reasonably satisfactory to such Indemnified Person, and shall assume the payment of all fees and expenses relating to such Proceeding or investigation; provided, however, that the failure of any Indemnified Person so to notify the Company shall not relieve the Company of its obligations hereunder except to the extent that the Company is actually and materially prejudiced by such failure to notify. In any such proceeding, any Indemnified Person shall have the right to retain its own counsel, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Indemnified Person unless: (i) the Company and the Indemnified Person shall have mutually agreed to the retention of such counsel; (ii) the Company shall have failed promptly to assume the defense of such proceeding and to employ counsel reasonably satisfactory to such Indemnified Person in such proceeding; or (iii) in the reasonable judgment of counsel to such Indemnified Person, representation of both parties by the same counsel would be inappropriate due to actual or potential differing interests between them. In the event of the circumstances described in the foregoing clause (iii), if the Indemnified Person notifies the Company in writing that such Indemnified Person elects to employ separate counsel at the expense of the Company, then the Company shall not have the right to assume the defense of such claim on behalf of such Indemnified Person. The Company shall not be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its prior written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned or to the extent fees or costs incurred pursuant to this Section 4.15 are attributable to the Indemnified Person’s breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by the Purchasers in this Agreement or the other Transaction Documents. Without the prior written consent of the Indemnified Person, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned, the Company shall not effect any settlement of any pending or threatened proceeding in respect of which any Indemnified Person is or could have been a party and indemnity could have been sought hereunder by such Indemnified Person, unless such settlement includes an unconditional release of such Indemnified Person from all liability arising out of such proceeding.

4.16 Equal Treatment of Purchasers. No consideration shall be offered or paid to any Purchaser to amend or consent to a waiver or modification of any provision of this Agreement unless the same consideration is also offered to all of the Purchasers. For clarification purposes, this provision constitutes a separate right granted to each Purchaser by the Company and negotiated separately by each Purchaser and shall not in any way be construed as the Purchasers acting in concert or as a group with respect to the purchase, disposition or voting of shares of Common Stock or otherwise.

4.17 Board Composition. At Closing, the Board of Directors shall consist of the following directors: June Almenoff, Mitchell Chan, Gilla Kaplan, Aaron Kantoff, as the designee of the holder of Series D Preferred Stock, Jonathan Goldman, Garry Neil, Magnus Persson, and Samantha Truex, and the person designated by the holder of Series E Preferred Stock, to the extent so designated prior to the Closing Date and to the extent not so designated, there shall be a vacancy on the Board.

(a) So long as Commodore, together with its Affiliates, own no less than five percent (5%) of the number of then outstanding shares of the Company’s Common Stock, for the avoidance of doubt, assuming full conversion of Commodore’s Preferred Shares and full exercise of Commodore’s Warrants (without regard to any limitations on conversion or exercise hereof), it shall have the right, but not the obligation, to designate one (1) non-voting observer (the “Commodore Observer”) to attend all meetings of the Board and any committee thereof as a non-voting observer; provided, that the Board will give such individual notice of such meetings at the same time and in the same manner as notice to the members of the Board, that the Commodore Observer shall be entitled to concurrent receipt of any materials provided to the Board or any committee thereof, provided, however, that the Commodore Observer shall agree to hold in confidence and trust all information so provided; provided further, however, that the Board reserves the right to withhold any materials and to exclude the Commodore Observer from any meeting or portion thereof if access to such materials or attendance at such meeting could constitute a conflict of interest, adversely affect the attorney-client privilege between the Company and its counsel or result in disclosure of trade secrets.

(b) So long as TCGX, together with its Affiliates, own no less than five percent (5%) of the number of then outstanding shares of the Company’s Common Stock, for the avoidance of doubt, assuming full conversion of the TCGX’s Preferred Shares and full exercise of the TCGX’s Warrants (without regard to any limitations on conversion or exercise hereof), it shall have the right, but not the obligation, to designate one (1) non-voting observer (the “TCGX Observer”) to attend all meetings of the Board and any committee thereof as a non-voting observer; provided, that the Board will give such individual notice of such meetings at the same time and in the same manner as notice to the members of the Board, that the TCGX Observer shall be entitled to concurrent receipt of any materials provided to the Board or any committee thereof, provided, however, that the TCGX Observer shall agree to hold in confidence and trust all information so provided; provided further, however, that the Board reserves the right to withhold any materials and to exclude the TCGX Observer from any meeting or portion thereof if access to such materials or attendance at such meeting could constitute a conflict of interest, adversely affect the attorney-client privilege between the Company and its counsel or result in disclosure of trade secrets.

4.19 Subsequent Financing Lock-Up. From the date hereof until the earlier of (i) the date on which Purchasers may sell any such Derivative Shares pursuant to an effective registration statement or Rule 144, or (ii) one (1) year from the date hereof, the Company shall not, directly or indirectly, offer, sale, or grant of any option to purchase, or disposition of (or announcement any offer, sale, grant of any option to purchase, or disposition of) any of its or its Subsidiaries’ equity, debt or equity equivalent securities, including without limitation any indebtedness, preferred stock or other instrument or security that is, at any time during its life and under any circumstances, convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for shares of Common Stock (any such offer, sale, grant, disposition or announcement being referred to as a “Subsequent Financing”) without the prior written consent of the Lead Investors. For the avoidance of doubt, a Subsequent Financing shall not include (i) shares of Common Stock or Options or other equity securities issued to employees or directors of, or consultants or advisors to, the Company or any of its Subsidiaries for services pursuant to a plan, agreement or arrangement approved by the Company’s Board and adopted in compliance with the rules of the Principal Trading Market, and/or (ii) Milestone Consideration (as defined in the Merger Agreement) potentially paid in shares of Common Stock.

5.1 Conditions Precedent to the Obligations of the Purchasers to Purchase Securities. The obligation of each Purchaser to acquire Securities at the Closing is subject to the fulfillment to such Purchaser’s satisfaction, on or prior to the Closing Date, of each of the following conditions, any of which may be waived by such Purchaser (as to itself only):

(a) Representations and Warranties. The representations and warranties of the Company contained herein shall be true and correct in all respects as of the date when made and as of the Closing Date, as though made on and as of such date, except for such representations and warranties that speak as of a specific date, which shall be true and correct in all respects as of such date.

(b) Performance. The Company shall have performed, satisfied and complied in all material respects with all covenants, agreements and conditions required by the Transaction Documents to be performed, satisfied or complied with by it at or prior to the Closing.

(c) No Injunction. No statute, rule, regulation, order, executive order, decree, judgment, writ, order, ruling or injunction shall have been enacted, entered, promulgated, issued or endorsed by any court of competent jurisdiction or any Governmental Authority that enjoins, prevents or prohibits the consummation of any of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.

(d) Consents. The Company shall have obtained in a timely fashion any and all consents, permits, approvals, registrations and waivers necessary for consummation of the purchase and sale of the Securities (except for the Requisite Stockholder Approval), all of which shall be and remain so long as necessary in full force and effect.

(e) Adverse Changes. Since the date of execution of this Agreement, no event or series of events shall have occurred that has had or would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(f) No Suspensions of Trading in Common Stock; No Stop Orders; Listing. The Common Stock shall not have been suspended by the Commission or the Principal Trading Market from trading on the Principal Trading Market nor shall suspension by the Commission or the Principal Trading Market have been threatened, either (i) in writing by the Commission or the Principal Trading Market or (ii) by falling below the minimum listing maintenance requirements of the Principal Trading Market. No stop order shall have been imposed by Nasdaq, the Commission or any other Governmental Authority or regulatory body with respect to public trading in the Common Stock. Nasdaq shall have raised no objection to the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents or the Merger Agreement.

(g) Company Deliverables. The Company shall have delivered the Company Deliverables in accordance with Section 2.3(a).

(h) Compliance Certificate. The Company shall have delivered to each Purchaser a certificate, dated as of the Closing Date and signed by its Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer, dated as of the Closing Date, certifying to the fulfillment of the conditions specified in Sections 5.1(a), (b), (f) and (i) in the form attached hereto as Exhibit F.

(i) Merger. The Merger shall have been consummated in accordance with the Merger Agreement (which shall not have been amended from the form attached hereto as Exhibit G in any manner that materially and adversely affects the Purchasers).

(j) Bylaw Amendment. The Company shall have amended its bylaws to permit the holders of Series C Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock to act by written consent in lieu of a meeting pursuant to the terms of the Certificates of Designations, as applicable.

(k) Termination. This Agreement shall not have been terminated as to such Purchaser in accordance with Section 6.18 herein.

5.2 Conditions Precedent to the Obligations of the Company to issue Securities. The Company’s obligation to issue the Securities at the Closing to each Purchaser is subject to the fulfillment to the satisfaction of the Company on or prior to the Closing Date of the following conditions, any of which may be waived by the Company:

(a) Representations and Warranties. The representations and warranties made by each Purchaser in Section 3.2 hereof shall be true and correct in all material respects (except for those representations and warranties which are qualified as to materiality, in which case such representations and warranties shall be true and correct in all respects) as of the date when made, and as of the Closing Date as though made on and as of such date, except for representations and warranties that speak as of a specific date, which shall be true and correct in all material respects (except for those representations and warranties which are qualified as to materiality or Material Adverse Effect, which representations and warranties shall be true and correct in all respects) as of such date.

(b) Performance. Such Purchaser shall have performed, satisfied and complied in all material respects with all covenants, agreements and conditions required by the Transaction Documents to be performed, satisfied or complied with by such Purchaser at or prior to the Closing Date.

(c) No Injunction. No statute, rule, regulation, order, executive order, decree, judgment, writ, order, ruling or injunction shall have been enacted, entered, promulgated, issued or endorsed by any court of competent jurisdiction or any Governmental Authority that enjoins, prevents or prohibits the consummation of any of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.

(d) Purchasers Deliverables. Such Purchaser shall have delivered its Purchaser Deliverables in accordance with Section 2.3(b).

(e) Merger. The Merger shall have been consummated in accordance with the Merger Agreement.

(f) Termination. This Agreement shall not have been terminated as to such Purchaser in accordance with Section 6.18 herein.

6.1 Fees and Expenses. At the Closing, the Company shall pay the reasonable legal fees and expenses of each of Schulte, Roth & Zabel, LLP and Gunderson Dettmer Stough Villeneuve Franklin & Hachigian, LLP, counsels to the Lead Investors, incurred by such Lead Investors in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, up to a maximum of $300,000, which amount may be withheld by the Lead Investors from their Subscription Amount, or else shall be paid directly by the Company at the Closing or paid by the Company upon termination of this Agreement so long as such termination did not occur as a result of a material breach by any such Lead Investors of any of its obligations hereunder (as the case may be). Except as set forth above or elsewhere in the Transaction Documents, the parties hereto shall be responsible for the payment of all expenses incurred by them in connection with the preparation and negotiation of the Transaction Documents and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees, stamp taxes and other taxes and duties levied in connection with the sale and issuance of the Securities to the Purchasers.

6.2 Entire Agreement. The Transaction Documents, together with the annexes, exhibits and schedules thereto, contain the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and supersede all prior agreements, understandings, discussions and representations, oral or written, with respect to such matters, which the parties acknowledge have been merged into such documents, annexes, exhibits and schedules. Before or at the Closing, the Company and the Purchasers will execute and deliver to the other such further documents as may be reasonably requested in order to give practical effect to the intention of the parties under the Transaction Documents.

6.3 Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of (a) the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via electronic mail at the e-mail address specified in this Section 6.3 prior to 5:00 P.M., New York City time, on a Trading Day, (b) the next Trading Day after the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via electronic mail at the e- mail address or facsimile number specified in this Section 6.3 on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:00 P.M., New York City time, on any Trading Day, (c) the Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service with next day delivery specified, or (d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given if delivered personally or if sent by U.S. certified or registered mail, return receipt requested; provided, in the case of clauses (a) and (b), that notice shall not be deemed given or effective if the sender receives an automatic system-generated response that such electronic mail was undeliverable. The address for such notices and communications shall be as follows:

or such other address as may be designated in writing hereafter, in the same manner, by such Person.

6.4 Amendments; Waivers; No Additional Consideration. No provision of this Agreement may be waived, modified, supplemented or amended except in a written instrument signed, in the case of an amendment, by the Company and the Purchasers of at least a majority in interest of the Securities still held by Purchasers, which majority shall include each of the Lead Investors, provided that (i) no amendment to Section 4.4, Section 4.6, Section 4.10, Section 4.11, Section 4.12, Section 4.15, Section 4.16, this Section 6.4 or Section 6.18 may be made without the consent of each Purchaser, or, in the case of a waiver, by the party against whom enforcement of any such waiver is sought and (ii) any proposed amendment that would, by its terms, have a disproportionate and materially adverse effect on any Purchaser shall require the consent of such Purchaser(s). No waiver of any default with respect to any provision, condition or requirement of this Agreement shall be deemed to be a continuing waiver in the future or a waiver of any subsequent default or a waiver of any other provision, condition or requirement hereof, nor shall any delay or omission of either party to exercise any right hereunder in any manner impair the exercise of any such right. No consideration shall be offered or paid to any Purchaser to amend or consent to a waiver or modification of any provision of any Transaction Document unless the same consideration is also offered to all Purchasers who then hold Securities. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, without the express written consent of the Purchaser, this Agreement may not be amended, modified or waived to increase or decrease the number of Securities that such Purchaser is obligated to purchase hereunder or to increase or decrease the purchase price to be paid by such Purchaser for such Securities.

6.5 Construction. The headings herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Agreement and shall not be deemed to limit or affect any of the provisions hereof. The language used in this Agreement will be deemed to be the language chosen by the parties to express their mutual intent, and no rules of strict construction will be applied against any party. This Agreement shall be construed as if drafted jointly by the parties, and no presumption or burden of proof shall arise favoring or disfavoring any party by virtue of the authorship of any provisions of this Agreement or any of the Transaction Documents. As used in this Agreement, the words “include” and “including,” and variations thereof, shall not be deemed to be terms of limitation, but rather shall be deemed to be followed by the words “without limitation.”

6.6 Successors and Assigns. The provisions of this Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties and their successors and permitted assigns. This Agreement, or any rights or obligations hereunder, may not be assigned by the Company without the prior written consent of each Purchaser. Any Purchaser may assign its rights hereunder in whole or in part to any Person to whom such Purchaser assigns or transfers any Securities in compliance with the Transaction Documents and applicable law, provided such transferee shall agree in writing to be bound, with respect to the transferred Securities, by the terms and conditions of this Agreement that apply to the Purchasers.

6.7 No Third-Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other Person, except the Placement Agent is an intended third-party beneficiary of the representations and warranties in Article 3 and Article 4, and of this Section 6.7 and Section 6.19.

6.8 Governing Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Agreement shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all Proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and any other Transaction Documents (whether brought against a party hereto or its respective Affiliates, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the New York Courts. Each party hereto hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the New York Courts for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect to the enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents), and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any Proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such New York Court, or that such Proceeding has been commenced in an improper or inconvenient forum. Each party hereto hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such Proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any manner permitted by law. EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.

6.9 Survival. Subject to applicable statutes of limitations, the representations, warranties, agreements and covenants contained herein shall survive the Closing and the delivery of the Securities.

6.10 Execution. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which when taken together shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to the other party, it being understood that both parties need not sign the same counterpart. In the event that any signature is delivered by facsimile transmission, or by e-mail delivery of a “.pdf” format data file, or by any electronic signature complying with the U.S. ESIGN Act of 2000 or the New York Electronic Signatures and Records Act, such signature shall create a legally valid and binding obligation of the party executing (or on whose behalf such signature is executed) with the same force and effect as if such facsimile or “.pdf” signature page were an original thereof.

6.11 Severability. If any provision of this Agreement is held to be invalid or unenforceable in any respect, the validity and enforceability of the remaining terms and provisions of this Agreement shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby and the parties will attempt to agree upon a valid and enforceable provision that is a reasonable substitute therefor, and upon so agreeing, shall incorporate such substitute provision in this Agreement.

6.12 Rescission and Withdrawal Right. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in (and without limiting any similar provisions of) the Transaction Documents, whenever any Purchaser exercises a right, election, demand or option under a Transaction Document and the Company does not timely perform its related obligations within the periods therein provided, then such Purchaser may rescind or withdraw, in its sole discretion from time to time upon written notice to the Company, any relevant notice, demand or election in whole or in part without prejudice to its future actions and rights.

6.13 Replacement of Securities. If any certificate or instrument evidencing any Securities or Derivative Shares is mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed, the Company may issue or cause to be issued in exchange and substitution for and upon cancellation thereof, or in lieu of and substitution therefor, a new certificate or instrument, but only upon receipt of evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Company and the Transfer Agent of such loss, theft or destruction and the execution by the holder thereof of a customary lost certificate affidavit of that fact and an agreement to indemnify and hold harmless the Company and the Transfer Agent for any losses in connection therewith or, if required by the Transfer Agent, a bond in such form and amount as is required by the Transfer Agent. The applicants for a new certificate or instrument under such circumstances shall also pay any reasonable third-party costs associated with the issuance of such replacement Securities or Derivative Shares. If a replacement certificate or instrument evidencing any Securities or Derivative Shares is requested due to a mutilation thereof, the Company may require delivery of such mutilated certificate or instrument as a condition precedent to any issuance of a replacement.

6.14 Remedies. In addition to being entitled to exercise all rights provided herein or granted by law, including recovery of damages, each of the Purchasers and the Company will be entitled to specific performance under the Transaction Documents, without the requirement of posting a bond. The parties agree that monetary damages may not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of any breach of obligations described in the foregoing sentence and hereby agree to waive in any action for specific performance of any such obligation (other than in connection with any action for a temporary restraining order) the defense that a remedy at law would be adequate.

6.15 Payment Set Aside. To the extent that the Company makes a payment or payments to any Purchaser pursuant to any Transaction Document or a Purchaser enforces or exercises its rights thereunder, and such payment or payments or the proceeds of such enforcement or exercise or any part thereof are subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside, recovered from, disgorged by or are required to be refunded, repaid or otherwise restored to the Company, a trustee, receiver or any other person under any law (including, without limitation, any bankruptcy law, state or federal law, common law or equitable cause of action), then to the extent of any such restoration the obligation or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued in full force and effect as if such payment had not been made or such enforcement or setoff had not occurred.

6.16 Adjustments in Share Numbers and Prices. In the event of any stock split, subdivision, dividend or distribution payable in shares of Common Stock (or other securities or rights convertible into, or entitling the holder thereof to receive directly or indirectly shares of Common Stock), combination or other similar recapitalization or event occurring after the date hereof and prior to the Closing, each reference in any Transaction Document to a number of shares or a price per share shall be deemed to be amended to appropriately account for such event.

6.17 Independent Nature of Purchasers’ Obligations and Rights. The obligations of each Purchaser under any Transaction Document are several and not joint with the obligations of any other Purchaser, and no Purchaser shall be responsible in any way for the performance of the obligations of any other Purchaser under any Transaction Document. The decision of each Purchaser to purchase Securities pursuant to the Transaction Documents has been made by such Purchaser independently of any other Purchaser and independently of any information, materials, statements or opinions as to the business, affairs, operations, assets, properties, liabilities, results of operations, condition (financial or otherwise) or prospects of the Company or any Subsidiary which may have been made or given by any other Purchaser or by any agent or employee of any other Purchaser, and no Purchaser or any of its agents or employees shall have any liability to any other Purchaser (or any other Person) relating to or arising from any such information, materials, statement or opinions. Nothing contained herein or in any Transaction Document, and no action taken by any Purchaser pursuant thereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Purchasers as a partnership, an association, a joint venture or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Purchasers are in any way acting in concert or as a group (including, without limitation, a “group” within the meaning of Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act) with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Each Purchaser acknowledges that no other Purchaser has acted as agent for such Purchaser in connection with making its investment hereunder and that no Purchaser will be acting as agent of such Purchaser in connection with monitoring its investment in the Securities or enforcing its rights under the Transaction Documents. Each Purchaser shall be entitled to independently protect and enforce its rights, including without limitation the rights arising out of this Agreement or out of the other Transaction Documents, and it shall not be necessary for any other Purchaser to be joined as an additional party in any proceeding for such purpose. Each Purchaser has been represented by its own separate legal counsel in its review and negotiation of the Transaction Documents. For reasons of administrative convenience only, Purchasers and their respective counsels may choose to communicate with the Company through Mintz, Levin, Cohn, Ferris, Glovsky and Popeo, P.C., counsel to the Placement Agent. Each Purchaser acknowledges that Mintz, Levin, Cohn, Ferris, Glovsky and Popeo, P.C. has rendered legal advice to the Placement Agent and not to such Purchaser in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, and that each such Purchaser has relied for such matters on the advice of its own respective counsel. The Company has elected to provide all Purchasers with the same terms and Transaction Documents for the convenience of the Company and not because it was required or requested to do so by any Purchaser. It is expressly understood that each provision contained in this Agreement is between the Company and a Purchaser, solely, and not between the Company and the Purchasers collectively and not between and among the Purchasers.

6.18 Termination. This Agreement may be terminated and the sale and purchase of the Securities abandoned at any time prior to the Closing (i) automatically if the Closing has not been consummated on or prior to 5:00 P.M., New York City time, on the Outside Date, (ii) by a Purchaser (with respect to itself) if any of the conditions set forth in Section 5.1 shall have become incapable of fulfillment, and shall not have been waived by such Purchaser, or (iii) automatically if the Merger Agreement is terminated in accordance with its terms or amended from the form attached hereto as Exhibit G in any manner that materially and adversely affects the Purchasers; provided, however, that the right to terminate this Agreement under clause (ii) shall not be available to any Person whose failure to comply with its obligations under this Agreement has been the cause of or resulted in the failure of the Closing to occur on or before such time. Nothing in this Section 6.18 shall be deemed to release any party from any liability for any breach by such party of the terms and provisions of this Agreement or the other Transaction Documents or to impair the right of any party to compel specific performance by any other party of its obligations under this Agreement or the other Transaction Documents. In the event of a termination pursuant to this Section 6.18, the Company shall promptly notify all non-terminating Purchasers. Upon a termination in accordance with this Section 6.18, the Company and the terminating Purchaser(s) shall not have any further obligation or liability (including arising from such termination) to the other, and no Purchaser will have any liability to any other Purchaser under the Transaction Documents as a result therefrom.

6.19 Exculpation of the Placement Agent. Each party hereto agrees for the express benefit of the Placement Agent, its Affiliates and their representatives that:

(a) The Placement Agent is acting as placement agent for the Company solely in connection with the sale of the Securities and is not acting in any other capacity and is not and shall not be construed as a fiduciary for any Purchaser, or any other person or entity in connection with the sale of Securities.

(b) Neither the Placement Agent nor any of its Affiliates or any of their respective representatives (i) shall be liable for any improper payment made in accordance with the information provided by the Company; (ii) has made or will make any representation or warranty, express or implied, of any kind or character, and has not provided any recommendation in connection with the purchase or sale of the Securities; (iii) has any responsibilities as to the validity, accuracy, completeness, value or genuineness, as of any date, of any information, certificates or documentation delivered by or on behalf of the Company pursuant to this Agreement, the other Transaction Documents or the Merger Agreement, or in connection with any of the transactions contemplated by such agreements; (iv) shall be liable or have any obligation (including, without limitation, for or with respect to any losses, claims, damages, obligations, penalties, judgments, awards, liabilities, costs, expenses or disbursements incurred by any Purchaser, the Company or any other Person or entity), whether in contract, tort or otherwise to any Purchaser or to any person claiming through such Purchaser, (A) for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it in good faith and reasonably believed to be authorized or within the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Agreement, any other Transaction Document or the Merger Agreement, (B) for anything which it may do or refrain from doing in connection with this Agreement, any other Transaction Document or the Merger Agreement, or (C) for anything otherwise in connection with the purchase and sale of the Securities or the issuance of the Derivative Shares, except in each case for such party’s own gross negligence or willful misconduct.

6.20 Arm’s Length Transaction. The Company acknowledges and agrees that (i) the transactions described in this Agreement are an arm’s-length commercial transaction between the parties, (ii) the Purchasers have not assumed nor will they assume an advisory or fiduciary responsibility in the Company’s favor with respect to any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the process leading thereto, and the Purchasers have no obligation to the Company with respect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement except those obligations expressly set forth in this Agreement or the other Transaction Documents to which they are a party, and (iii) the Company’s decision to enter into the Transaction Documents and the Merger Agreement has been based solely on the independent evaluation by the Company and its representatives. The Company further acknowledges and agrees that that each Purchaser is acting solely in the capacity of an arm’s-length purchaser with respect to this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, and that the obligations of each Purchaser under this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents are several and not joint.

This Registration Rights Agreement (this “Agreement”) is dated as of March [__], 2024, by and among Avalo Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and the several purchasers signatory hereto (each, including its successors and assigns, a “Purchaser” and collectively, the “Purchasers”).

This Agreement is made pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of the date hereof, between the Company and each Purchaser (the “Purchase Agreement”).

NOW, THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and each of the Purchasers agree as follows:

1. Definitions. Capitalized terms used and not otherwise defined herein that are defined in the Purchase Agreement shall have the meanings given such terms in the Purchase Agreement. As used in this Agreement, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

"Additional Filing Date" means the date on which the New Registration Statement or the Remainder Registration Statement is filed with the SEC.

“Additional Filing Deadline” means, for any Registrable Securities that are required to be included in any New Registration Statement or Remainder Registration Statement, the date sixty (60) days after the date substantially all of the Registrable Securities registered under the immediately preceding Registration Statement are sold.

“Advice” has the meaning set forth in Section 6(d).

“Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

“Allowed Suspension” has the meaning set forth in Section 6(d).

“Business Day” means any day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or any day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close.

“Common Stock” means the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and stock of any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.

“Effective Date” means the date that a Registration Statement filed pursuant to Section 2(a) is first declared effective by the Commission.

“Effectiveness Deadline” means, with respect to the Initial Registration Statement, the New Registration Statement or the Remainder Registration Statements, the thirtieth (30th) calendar day following the Filing Deadline (or, in the event the Commission reviews and has written comments to the Initial Registration Statement, the New Registration Statement or the Remainder Registration Statements, the sixtieth (60th) calendar day following the Filing Deadline or Additional Filing Deadline, as applicable; provided, however, that if the Company is notified by the Commission that the Initial Registration Statement, the New Registration Statement or the Remainder Registration Statements will not be reviewed or is no longer subject to further review and comments, the Effectiveness Deadline as to such Registration Statement shall be the third (3rd) Trading Day following the date on which the Company is so notified if such date precedes the dates otherwise required above; provided, further, that if the Effectiveness Deadline falls on a Saturday, Sunday or other day that the Commission is closed for business, the Effectiveness Deadline shall be extended to the next Business Day on which the Commission is open for business.

“Effectiveness Period” has the meaning set forth in Section 2(b).

“Filing Deadline” means, with respect to the Initial Registration Statement required to be filed pursuant to Section 2(a), the seventy-fifth (75th) calendar day following the Closing Date, provided, however, that if the Filing Deadline falls on a Saturday, Sunday or other day that the Commission is closed for business, the Filing Deadline shall be extended to the next Business Day on which the Commission is open for business.

“FINRA” has the meaning set forth in Section 3(i).

“Holder” or “Holders” means the holder or holders, as the case may be, from time to time of Registrable Securities.

“Indemnified Party” has the meaning set forth in Section 5(c).

“Indemnifying Party” has the meaning set forth in Section 5(c).

“Initial Registration Statement” has the meaning set forth in Section 2(a).

“Lead Investor” means each of Commodore Capital Master LP and TCG Crossover Fund II, L.P.

“Losses” has the meaning set forth in Section 5(a).

“New Registration Statement” has the meaning set forth in Section 2(a).

“Principal Market” means the Trading Market on which the Common Stock are primarily listed on and quoted for trading, which, as of the Closing Date, shall be the Nasdaq Capital Markets.

“Prospectus” means the prospectus included in a Registration Statement (including, without limitation, a prospectus that includes any information previously omitted from a prospectus filed as part of an effective registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430B promulgated under the Securities Act), as amended or supplemented by any prospectus supplement, with respect to the terms of the offering of any portion of the Registrable Securities covered by a Registration Statement, and all other amendments and supplements to the Prospectus, including post-effective amendments, and all material incorporated by reference or deemed to be incorporated by reference in such Prospectus.

“Purchase Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.

“Registrable Securities” means all of (i) the Shares (ii) the Series C Preferred Stock issued pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, (iii) the Series C Preferred Stock issued pursuant to the Merger Agreement (iv) the Warrants, (v) the Series C Preferred Stock which may be issued upon exercise of the Warrants and (vi) any securities issued or issuable upon any stock split, dividend or other distribution, recapitalization or similar event with respect to, or in exchange for or in replacement of, the foregoing, provided that, with respect to a particular Holder, such Holder’s Shares shall cease to be Registrable Securities upon the sale pursuant to a Registration Statement or Rule 144 under the Securities Act (in which case, only such security sold by the Holder shall cease to be a Registrable Security).

“Registration Statements” means any one or more registration statements of the Company filed under the Securities Act that cover the resale of any of the Registrable Securities pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement (including without limitation the Initial Registration Statement, any New Registration Statement and any Remainder Registration Statements), amendments and supplements to such Registration Statements, including post-effective amendments, all exhibits and all material incorporated by reference or deemed to be incorporated by reference in such Registration Statements.

“Remainder Registration Statement” has the meaning set forth in Section 2(a).

“Rule 172” means Rule 172 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same effect as such Rule.

“Rule 415” means Rule 415 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same effect as such Rule.

“Rule 424” means Rule 424 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same effect as such Rule.

“Rule 461” means Rule 461 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same effect as such Rule.

“SEC Guidance” means (i) any publicly-available written or oral guidance, comments, requirements or requests of the Commission staff; provided, that any such oral guidance, comments, requirements or requests are reduced to writing by the Commission and (ii) the Securities Act.

“Selling Shareholder Questionnaire” means a questionnaire in the form attached as Annex B hereto, or such other form of questionnaire or information provided to the Company in connection with the preparation of a Registration Statement hereunder.

“Series C Preferred Stock” means Series C Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company.

“Shares” means the (i) shares of Common Stock which may be issued upon conversion of the Series C Preferred Stock held by Purchasers and (ii) the shares of Common Stock which may be issued upon exercise of the Warrants.

“Trading Day” means a day on which the Principal Market is open for business.

“Warrants” means the warrants, dated on or around the date hereof, issued by the Company to the applicable Purchasers to acquire the number of shares of Common Stock, with an exercise price of $5.796933 per share or Series C Preferred Stock, in accordance with the terms and provisions of the Purchase Agreement.

2. Registration.

(a) On or prior to the Filing Deadline, the Company shall prepare and file with the Commission a Registration Statement covering the resale of all of the Registrable Securities not then registered on an existing and effective Registration Statement for an offering to be made on a continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 or, if Rule 415 is not available for offers or sales of the Registrable Securities, by such other means of distribution of Registrable Securities as the Holders may reasonably specify (the “Initial Registration Statement”). The Initial Registration Statement shall be on Form S-3 (except if the Company is then ineligible to register for resale the Registrable Securities on Form S-3, in which case such registration shall be on Form S-1 or such other form available to register the Registrable Securities for resale by the Holders) subject to the provisions of Section 2(c) and shall contain (except if otherwise required pursuant to written comments received from the Commission upon a review of such Registration Statement) the “Plan of Distribution” section substantially in the form attached hereto as Annex A (which may be modified to respond to comments, if any, provided by the Commission). Notwithstanding the registration obligations set forth in this Section 2, in the event the Commission informs the Company that all of the Registrable Securities cannot, as a result of the application of Rule 415, be registered for resale as a secondary offering on a single registration statement, the Company agrees to promptly (i) inform each of the Holders thereof and use its commercially reasonable efforts to file amendments to the Initial Registration Statement as required by the Commission and/or (ii) withdraw the Initial Registration Statement and prepare and, as soon as practicable, but in no event later than the Additional Filing Deadline, file a new registration statement (a “New Registration Statement”), in either case covering the maximum number of Registrable Securities permitted to be registered by the Commission, on Form S-3 or, if the Company is ineligible to register the Registrable Securities on Form S-3, Form S-1 or such other form available to register the Registrable Securities for resale by the Holders; provided, however, that prior to filing such amendment or New Registration Statement, the Company shall be obligated to use its commercially reasonable efforts to advocate with the Commission for the registration of all of the Registrable Securities in accordance with the SEC Guidance, including without limitation, the Securities Act Rules Compliance and Disclosure Interpretations Question 612.09. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, if the Commission or any SEC Guidance sets forth a limitation of the number of Registrable Securities permitted to be registered on a particular Registration Statement as a secondary offering (and notwithstanding that the Company used diligent efforts to advocate with the Commission for the registration of all or a greater number of Registrable Securities), unless otherwise directed in writing by a Holder as to its Registrable Securities, the number of Registrable Securities to be registered on such Registration Statement will first be reduced by Registrable Securities not acquired pursuant to the Purchase Agreement (whether pursuant to registration rights or otherwise), and second by Registrable Securities represented by Shares applied to the Holders on a pro rata basis based on the total number of Shares held by such Holders, subject to a determination by the Commission that certain Holders must be reduced first based on the number of Shares held by such Holders. In the event of a cutback hereunder, the Company shall give the Holder at least one (1) Trading Day prior notice along with the calculations as to such Holder’s allotment. In the event the Company amends the Initial Registration Statement or files a New Registration Statement, as the case may be, in accordance with the foregoing, the Company will use prepare and, as soon as practicable, but in no event later than the Additional Filing Deadline, file with the Commission, one or more registration statements on Form S-3 or such other form available to register for resale those Registrable Securities that were not registered for resale on the Initial Registration Statement, as amended, or the New Registration Statement (the “Remainder Registration Statements”). No Holder shall be named as an “underwriter” in any Registration Statement without such Holder’s prior written consent.

(b) The Company shall use its best efforts to cause each Registration Statement to be declared effective by the Commission as soon as practicable and, with respect to the Initial Registration Statement, the New Registration Statement or the Remainder Registration, as applicable, no later than the Effectiveness Deadline (including filing with the Commission a request for acceleration of effectiveness in accordance with Rule 461 promulgated under the Securities Act), and shall use its best efforts to keep each Registration Statement continuously effective under the Securities Act until such time as all of the Registrable Securities covered by such Registration Statement have been publicly sold by the Holders (the “Effectiveness Period”). The Company shall request effectiveness of a Registration Statement as of 4:00 P.M. New York City time on a Trading Day. The Company shall promptly notify the Holders via e-mail of the effectiveness of a Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto on the same Trading Day that the Company telephonically confirms effectiveness with the Commission, which date of confirmation shall initially be the date requested for effectiveness of such Registration Statement. The Company shall, by 9:30 A.M. New York City time on the first Trading Day after the Effective Date, file a final Prospectus with the Commission, as required by Rule 424(b) and shall provide the Purchasers with copies of the final Prospectus to be used in connection with the sale or other disposition of the securities covered thereby. The Company shall promptly inform each Holder in writing if, at any time during the Effectiveness Period, the Company does not satisfy the conditions specified in Rule 172 and, as a result thereof, such Holder is required to deliver a Prospectus in connection with any disposition of Registrable Securities.

(c) Each Holder of Registrable Securities to be sold agrees to furnish to the Company a completed Selling Shareholder Questionnaire not more than thirty (30) calendar days following the date of this Agreement. At least ten (10) Trading Days prior to the first anticipated filing date of a Registration Statement for any registration under this Agreement, the Company will notify each Holder of the information the Company reasonably requires from that Holder for inclusion in the Registration Statement other than the information contained in the Selling Shareholder Questionnaire, if any, which shall be completed and delivered to the Company promptly upon request and, in any event, within three (3) Trading Days prior to the applicable anticipated filing date. Each Holder further agrees that it shall not be entitled to be named as a selling shareholder in the Registration Statement or use the Prospectus for offers and resales of Registrable Securities at any time, unless such Holder has provided such information to the Company and responded to any reasonable requests for further information as described in the previous sentence. Each Holder acknowledges and agrees that the information in such Holder’s Selling Shareholder Questionnaire or request for further information as described in this Section 2(c) will be used by the Company in the preparation of the Registration Statement and hereby consents to the inclusion of such information in the Registration Statement (subject to such Holder’s right to timely review the Registration Statement as set forth herein).

(d) In the event that Form S-3 is not available for the registration of the resale of Registrable Securities hereunder, the Company shall (i) register the resale of the Registrable Securities on Form S-1 or another appropriate form reasonably acceptable to the Holders and (ii) undertake to register the Registrable Securities on Form S-3 promptly after such form is available, provided that the Company shall maintain the effectiveness of the Registration Statement then in effect until such time as a Registration Statement on Form S-3 covering the Registrable Securities has been declared effective by the Commission.

(e) (i) If a Registration Statement covering the Registrable Securities is not filed with the Commission on or prior to the Filing Deadline (a “Registration Failure”), then, in addition to any other rights the Purchasers may have hereunder or under applicable law, the Company will make pro rata payments to each Purchaser of then outstanding Registrable Securities, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty (the “Registration Liquidated Damages”), in an amount equal to one percent (1.0%) of the aggregate amount invested by such Purchaser for the Registrable Securities then held by such Purchaser for the initial day of a Registration Failure and for each thirty (30) day period (or pro rata portion thereof with respect to a final period, if any) thereafter until the Registration Failure is cured. The Registration Liquidated Damages shall be paid (A) within five (5) Business Days of the date of such Registration Failure for the initial Registration Failure and (B) monthly, within two (2) Business Days of the end of each subsequent thirty (30)-day period (or portion thereof with respect to a final period, if any) thereafter until the Registration Failure is cured. Such payments shall be made in cash to each Purchaser then holding Registrable Securities. Interest shall accrue at the rate of one percent (1.0%) per month on any Registration Liquidated Damages payments that have not been paid by the applicable payment date until such amount is paid in full.

(ii)    If (A) a Registration Statement covering the Registrable Securities is not declared effective by the Commission by the Effectiveness Deadline, (B) after a Registration Statement has been declared effective by the Commission or otherwise becomes effective, sales cannot be made pursuant to such Registration Statement for any reason (including, without limitation, by reason of a stop order or the Company’s failure to update such Registration Statement), or (C) after the Filing Deadline, and only in the event a Registration Statement is not effective or available to sell all Registrable Securities, the Company fails to file with the Commission any required reports under Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act such that it is not in compliance with Rule 144(c)(1), as a result of which the Holders who are not affiliates are unable to sell Registrable Securities without restriction under Rule 144 (each of (A), (B) and (C), a “Maintenance Failure”), then the Company will make pro rata payments to each Purchaser then holding Registrable Securities, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty (the “Effectiveness Liquidated Damages” and together with the Registration Liquidated Damages, the “Liquidated Damages”), in an amount equal to one percent (1.0%) of the aggregate amount invested by such Purchaser for the Registrable Securities then held by such Purchaser for the initial day of a Maintenance Failure and for each thirty (30)-day period (pro rata for any portion thereof) thereafter until the Maintenance Failure is cured. The Effectiveness Liquidated Damages shall be paid (A) within five (5) Business Days of the end of the date of the initial Maintenance Failure and (B) monthly, within two (2) Business Days of the end of each subsequent thirty (30)-day period (pro rata for any portion thereof) thereafter until the Maintenance Failure is cured. Such payments shall be made in cash to each Purchaser then holding Registrable Securities. Interest shall accrue at the rate of one percent (1.0%) per month on any Effectiveness Liquidated Damages payments that have not been paid by the applicable payment date until such amount is paid in full.

(iii)    Notwithstanding the foregoing, (A) no Liquidated Damages shall be payable with respect to any period after the expiration of the Effectiveness Period (it being understood that this sentence shall not relieve the Company of any Liquidated Damages accruing prior to the expiration of the Effectiveness Period) and (B) no Liquidated Damages shall accrue or be payable with respect to any Allowed Suspension or a suspension as described in the last sentence of Section 3(h). Nothing in this Agreement shall preclude any Holder from pursuing or obtaining any available remedies at law, specific performance or other equitable relief with respect to this Section 2(e) in accordance with applicable law.

3. Registration Procedures.

In connection with the Company’s registration obligations hereunder, the Company shall:

(a) Not less than five (5) Trading Days prior to the filing of each Registration Statement and not less than two (2) Trading Days prior to the filing of any related Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto (except for Annual Reports on Form 10-K, and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K and any similar or successor reports), (i) furnish to each Holder copies of such Registration Statement, Prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto, as proposed to be filed, which documents will be subject to the review of such Holder (it being acknowledged and agreed that if a Holder does not object to or comment on the aforementioned documents within such five (5) Trading Day or two (2) Trading Day period, as the case may be, then the Holder shall be deemed to have consented to and approved the use of such documents) and (ii) to the extent that a Holder is identified in the Registration Statement as an “underwriter” (as defined in the Securities Act), use commercially reasonable efforts to cause its officers and directors, counsel and independent registered public accountants to respond to such inquiries as shall be necessary, in the reasonable opinion of respective counsel to each Holder, to conduct a reasonable investigation within the meaning of the Securities Act. The Company shall not file any Registration Statement or amendment or supplement thereto in a form to which a Holder reasonably objects in good faith, provided that, such Holder notifies the Company of such objection in writing within the five (5) Trading Day or two (2) Trading Day periods described above, as applicable.

(b) (i) Prepare and file with the Commission such amendments (including post-effective amendments) and supplements, to each Registration Statement and the Prospectus used in connection therewith as may be necessary to keep such Registration Statement continuously effective as to the applicable Registrable Securities for its Effectiveness Period and prepare and promptly file with the Commission such additional Registration Statements in order to register for resale under the Securities Act all of the Registrable Securities; (ii) cause the related Prospectus to be amended or supplemented by any required Prospectus supplement (subject to the terms of this Agreement), and, as so supplemented or amended, to be filed pursuant to Rule 424; (iii) respond as promptly as reasonably practicable to any comments received from the Commission with respect to each Registration Statement or any amendment thereto and, as promptly as reasonably possible, provide the Holders true and complete copies of all correspondence from and to the Commission relating to such Registration Statement that pertains to the Holders as “Selling Stockholders” but not any comments that would result in the disclosure to the Holders of material and non-public information concerning the Company (unless such Holder consents to receive such material and non-public information); and (iv) comply with the provisions of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act with respect to the disposition of all Registrable Securities covered by a Registration Statement until such time as all of such Registrable Securities shall have been disposed of (subject to the terms of this Agreement) in accordance with the intended methods of disposition by the Holders thereof as set forth in such Registration Statement as so amended or in such Prospectus as so supplemented; provided, however, that each Purchaser shall be responsible for the delivery of the Prospectus to the Persons to whom such Purchaser sells any of the Registrable Securities (including in accordance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act) to the extent required under the Securities Act, and each Purchaser agrees to dispose of Registrable Securities in compliance with the “Plan of Distribution” described in the Registration Statement and otherwise in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws. In the case of amendments and supplements to a Registration Statement which are required to be filed pursuant to this Agreement (including pursuant to this Section 3(b)) by reason of the Company filing a report on Form 10-K, Form 10-Q or Form 8-K or any analogous report under the Exchange Act, the Company shall have incorporated such report by reference into such Registration Statement, if applicable, or shall file such amendments or supplements with the Commission on the same day on which the Exchange Act report which created the requirement for the Company to amend or supplement such Registration Statement was filed.

(c) Notify the Holders of Registrable Securities to be sold (which notice shall, if given pursuant to clauses (iii) through (vi) hereof, be accompanied by an instruction to suspend the use of the Prospectus until the requisite changes have been made, provided that the Company shall omit any material, non-public information relating to the Company and/or any of its subsidiaries) as promptly as reasonably practicable (and, in the case of (i)(A) below, not less than one (1) Trading Day prior to such filing) and (if requested by any such Person) confirm such notice in writing no later than one (1) Trading Day following the day: (i)(A) when a Prospectus or any Prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment to a Registration Statement is proposed to be filed; (B) when the Commission notifies the Company whether there will be a “review” of such Registration Statement and whenever the Commission comments in writing on any Registration Statement (in which case the Company shall provide to each of the Holders true and complete copies of all comments that pertain to the Holders as a “Selling Stockholder” or to the “Plan of Distribution” and all written responses thereto, but not information that the Company believes would constitute material and non-public information); and (C) with respect to each Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment, when the same has become effective; (ii) of any request by the Commission or any other Federal or state governmental authority for amendments or supplements to a Registration Statement or Prospectus or for additional information that pertains to the Holders as “Selling Stockholders” or the “Plan of Distribution”; (iii) of the issuance by the Commission or any other federal or state governmental authority of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of a Registration Statement covering any or all of the Registrable Securities or the initiation of any Proceedings for that purpose; (iv) of the receipt by the Company of any notification with respect to the suspension of the qualification or exemption from qualification of any of the Registrable Securities for sale in any jurisdiction, or the initiation or threatening of any Proceeding for such purpose; (v) of the occurrence of any event or passage of time that makes the financial statements included or incorporated by reference in a Registration Statement ineligible for inclusion or incorporation by reference therein or any statement made in such Registration Statement or Prospectus or any document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated therein by reference untrue in any material respect or that requires any revisions to such Registration Statement, Prospectus or other documents so that, in the case of such Registration Statement or the Prospectus, as the case may be, it will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein (in the case of any Prospectus, form of prospectus or supplement thereto, in light of the circumstances under which they were made), not misleading; and (vi) of the occurrence or existence of any pending corporate development with respect to the Company that, upon the advice of legal counsel, the Company’s board of directors reasonably believes may be material and would require additional disclosure by the Company in the Registration Statement of such material information that the Company has a bona fide business purpose for keeping confidential and the non-disclosure of which in the Registration Statement would be expected, in the reasonable determination of the Company’s board of directors, upon the advice of legal counsel, to cause the Registration Statement to fail to comply with applicable disclosure requirements, provided that, the Company shall not provide any Holder with material non-public information.

(d) Use commercially reasonable efforts to avoid the issuance of, or, if issued, obtain the withdrawal of (i) any order stopping or suspending the effectiveness of a Registration Statement, or (ii) any suspension of the qualification (or exemption from qualification) of any of the Registrable Securities for sale in any jurisdiction, as soon as practicable.

(e) If requested by a Holder, furnish to such Holder, without charge, at least one conformed copy of each Registration Statement and each amendment thereto, including financial statements and schedules, all documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated therein by reference to the extent requested by such Person, and all exhibits to the extent requested by such Person (including those previously furnished or incorporated by reference) promptly after the filing of such documents with the Commission; provided, that the Company shall have no obligation to provide any document pursuant to this clause that is available on the Commission’s EDGAR system.

(f) Prior to any resale of Registrable Securities by a Holder, use its commercially reasonable efforts to register or qualify or cooperate with such Holder in connection with the registration or qualification (or exemption from the registration or qualification) of the resale of such Registrable Securities (or, in the case of qualification, of such Registrable Securities for the resale) by such Holder under the securities or blue sky laws of such jurisdictions within the United States as such Holder reasonably requests in writing, to keep each registration or qualification (or exemption therefrom) effective during the Effectiveness Period and to do any and all other acts or things reasonably necessary to enable the disposition in such jurisdictions of the Registrable Securities covered by each Registration Statement; provided, that the Company shall not be required to qualify generally to do business in any jurisdiction where it is not then so qualified, subject the Company to any material tax in any such jurisdiction where it is not then so subject or file a general consent to service of process in any such jurisdiction.

(g) Cooperate with such Holder to facilitate the timely preparation and delivery of certificates or book entry statements, as applicable, representing Registrable Securities to be delivered to a transferee pursuant to the Registration Statement, which certificates or statements shall be free, to the extent permitted by the Purchase Agreement and under law, of all restrictive legends, and to enable such Registrable Securities to be in such denominations and registered in such names as any such Holders may reasonably request.

(h) Following the occurrence of any event contemplated by Section 3(c), as promptly as reasonably practicable (taking into account the Company’s good faith assessment of any adverse consequences to the Company and its shareholders of the premature disclosure of such event), prepare a supplement or amendment, including a post-effective amendment, to the affected Registration Statements or a supplement to the related Prospectus or any document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated therein by reference, and file any other required document so that, as thereafter delivered, no Registration Statement nor any Prospectus will contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein (in the case of any Prospectus, form of prospectus or supplement thereto, in light of the circumstances under which they were made), not misleading. If the Company notifies the Holders in accordance with clauses (iii) through (vi) of Section 3(c) above to suspend the use of any Prospectus until the requisite changes to such Prospectus have been made, then the Holders shall suspend use of such Prospectus. The Company will use its best efforts to ensure that the use of the Prospectus may be resumed as promptly as is practicable.

The Company shall be entitled to exercise its right under this Section 3(h) to suspend the availability of a Registration Statement and Prospectus in accordance with the time periods set forth in Section 6(d), which may be extended only in accordance with Section 6(f). For the avoidance of doubt, the Company’s rights under this Section 3(h) shall include suspensions of availability arising from the filing of a post-effective amendment to a Registration Statement to update the Prospectus therein to include the information contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, which suspensions may extend for the amount of time reasonably required to respond to any comments of the staff of the Commission on such amendment and which, for the avoidance of doubt, shall be in accordance with the time periods set forth in Section 6(d), which may be extended only in accordance with Section 6(f).

(i) The Company may require each selling Holder to furnish to the Company a certified statement as to (A) the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by such Holder and any Affiliate thereof, (B) any Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) affiliations, (C) any natural persons who have the power to vote or dispose of the Common Stock and (D) any other information as may be requested by the Commission, FINRA or any state securities commission.

(j) The Company shall cooperate with any registered broker through which a Holder proposes to resell its Registrable Securities in effecting a filing with FINRA pursuant to FINRA Rule 5110 as requested by any such Holder and the Company shall pay the filing fee required for the first such filing within two (2) Business Days of the request therefor.

(k) If at any time the Commission takes the position that the offering of some or all of the Registrable Securities in a Registration Statement is not eligible to be made on a delayed or continuous basis under the provisions of Rule 415 under the Securities Act or requires any Holder to be named as an “underwriter,” the Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts to persuade the Commission that the offering contemplated by such Registration Statement is a valid secondary offering and not an offering “by or on behalf of the issuer” as defined in Rule 415 and that none of the Holders is an “underwriter.

(l) Use commercially reasonable efforts to cause all Registrable Securities covered by a Registration Statement to be listed on the Principal Market.

(m)    If requested by a Holder, (i) as soon as reasonably practicable, incorporate in a prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment such information as a Holder reasonably requests to be included therein relating to the sale and distribution of Registrable Securities, including, without limitation, information with respect to the number of Registrable Securities being offered or sold, the purchase price being paid therefor and any other terms of the offering of the Registrable Securities to be sold in such offering; (ii) as soon as reasonably practicable, make all required filings of such prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment after being notified of the matters to be incorporated in such prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment; and (iii) as soon as reasonably practicable, supplement or make amendments to any Registration Statement if reasonably requested.

4. Registration Expenses. All fees and expenses incident to the Company’s performance of or compliance with its obligations under this Agreement (excluding any underwriting discounts and selling commissions) shall be borne by the Company whether or not any Registrable Securities are sold pursuant to a Registration Statement. The fees and expenses referred to in the foregoing sentence shall include, without limitation, (i) all registration and filing fees (including, without limitation, fees and expenses of the Company’s counsel and independent registered public accountants (A) with respect to filings required to be made with any Trading Market on which the Common Stock are then listed for trading, (B) with respect to compliance with applicable state securities or blue sky laws (including, without limitation, fees and disbursements of counsel for the Company in connection with blue sky qualifications or exemptions of the Registrable Securities and determination of the eligibility of the Registrable Securities for investment under the laws of such jurisdictions as requested by the Holders) and (C) if not previously paid by the Company in connection with Section 3(j) above, with respect to any filing that may be required to be made by any broker through which a Holder intends to make sales of Registrable Securities with FINRA pursuant to the FINRA Rule 5110, so long as the broker is receiving no more than a customary brokerage commission in connection with such sale), (ii) printing expenses (including, without limitation, expenses of printing certificates for Registrable Securities and of printing prospectuses if the printing of prospectuses is reasonably requested by the Holders of a majority of the Registrable Securities included in the Registration Statement), (iii) messenger, telephone and delivery expenses, (iv) fees, expenses and disbursements of counsel for the Company, (v) Securities Act liability insurance, if the Company so desires such insurance, (vi) fees and expenses of all other Persons retained by the Company in connection with the registrations and consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and (vii) reasonable fees and expenses of legal counsel to the Holders, not to exceed $50,000 in the aggregate, per registration. In addition, the Company shall be responsible for all of its internal expenses incurred in connection with the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement (including, without limitation, all salaries and expenses of its officers and employees performing legal or accounting duties), the expense of any annual audit and the fees and expenses incurred in connection with the listing of the Registrable Securities on any securities exchange as required hereunder. In no event shall the Company be responsible for any underwriting, broker or similar fees or commissions of any Holder or, except to the extent provided for in the Transaction Documents, any legal fees or other costs of the Holders.

5. Indemnification.

(a) Indemnification by the Company. The Company shall, notwithstanding any termination of this Agreement, indemnify, defend and hold harmless each Holder and each of their respective officers, directors, agents, partners, members, managers, stockholders, Affiliates, investment advisers and employees of each of them, each Person who controls any such Holder (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act) and the officers, directors, partners, members, managers, stockholders, agents, investment advisers and employees of each such controlling Person, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, from and against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities, costs (including, without limitation, reasonable costs of preparation and investigation and reasonable attorneys’ fees), expenses and disbursements (collectively, “Losses”), as incurred, that arise out of or are based upon (i) any untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any Registration Statement, any Prospectus or any form of prospectus or in any amendment or supplement thereto or in any preliminary prospectus, or arising out of or relating to any omission or alleged omission to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein (in the case of any Prospectus or form of prospectus or supplement thereto, in light of the circumstances under which they were made) not misleading, or (ii) any violation or alleged violation by the Company or its agents of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or any state securities law or any rule or regulation thereunder, in connection with the performance of its obligations under this Agreement or any action or inaction required of the Company in connection with any registration, except to the extent, but only to the extent, that (A) such untrue statements, alleged untrue statements, omissions or alleged omissions are based solely upon information regarding such Holder furnished in writing to the Company by such Holder expressly for use therein, or to the extent that such information relates to such Holder or such Holder’s proposed method of distribution of Registrable Securities and was reviewed and approved in writing by such Holder expressly for use in the Registration Statement, such Prospectus or such form of Prospectus or in any amendment or supplement thereto (it being understood that each Holder has approved Annex A hereto for this purpose), (B) in the case of an occurrence of an event of the type specified in Section 3(c)(iii)-(vi), related to the use by a Holder of an outdated or defective Prospectus after the Company has notified such Holder in writing that the Prospectus is outdated or defective and prior to the receipt by such Holder of the Advice contemplated and defined in Section 6(d) below, to the extent that following the receipt of the Advice the misstatement or omission giving rise to such Loss would have been corrected or (C) to the extent that any such Losses arise out of the Purchaser’s (or any other indemnified Person’s) failure to send or give a copy of the Prospectus or supplement (as then amended or supplemented), if required, pursuant to Rule 172 under the Securities Act (or any successor rule) to the Persons asserting an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission at or prior to the written confirmation of the sale of Registrable Securities to such Person if such statement or omission was corrected in such Prospectus or supplement. The Company shall notify the Holders promptly of the institution, threat or assertion of any Proceeding arising from or in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement of which the Company is aware. Such indemnity shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of an Indemnified Party (as defined in Section 5(c)) and shall survive the transfer of the Registrable Securities by the Holders.

(b) Indemnification by Holders. Each Holder shall, severally and not jointly, indemnify and hold harmless the Company, its directors, officers, agents and employees, each Person who controls the Company (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act and Section 20 of the Exchange Act), and the directors, officers, agents or employees of such controlling Persons, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, from and against all Losses, as incurred, arising out of or are based solely upon any untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any Registration Statement, any Prospectus, or any form of prospectus, or in any amendment or supplement thereto or in any preliminary prospectus, or arising out of or relating to any omission or alleged omission of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein (in the case of any Prospectus, or any form of prospectus or supplement thereto, in light of the circumstances under which they were made) not misleading (i) solely to the extent that such untrue statements or omissions are based solely upon information regarding such Holder furnished in writing to the Company by such Holder expressly for use therein or (ii) to the extent that such information relates to such Holder or such Holder’s proposed method of distribution of Registrable Securities and was reviewed and approved in writing by such Holder expressly for use in the Registration Statement, such Prospectus, such form of Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto (it being understood that the Holder has approved Annex A hereto for this purpose), or (iii) in the case of an occurrence of an event of the type specified in Section 3(c)(iii)-(vi), to the extent related to the use by such Holder of an outdated or defective Prospectus after the Company has notified such Holder in writing that the Prospectus is outdated or defective and prior to the receipt by such Holder of the Advice contemplated in Section 6(d). In no event shall the liability of any selling Holder hereunder be greater in amount than the dollar amount of the net proceeds received by such Holder upon the sale of the Registrable Securities giving rise to such indemnification obligation.

(c) Conduct of Indemnification Proceedings. If any Proceeding shall be brought or asserted against any Person entitled to indemnity hereunder (an “Indemnified Party”), such Indemnified Party shall promptly notify the Person from whom indemnity is sought (the “Indemnifying Party”) in writing, and the Indemnifying Party shall have the right to assume the defense thereof, including the employment of counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Party and the payment of all reasonable fees, expenses and disbursements incurred in connection with defense thereof; provided, that the failure of any Indemnified Party to give such notice shall not relieve the Indemnifying Party of its obligations or liabilities pursuant to this Agreement, except (and only) to the extent that it shall be finally determined by a court of competent jurisdiction (which determination is not subject to appeal or further review) that such failure shall have materially and adversely prejudiced the Indemnifying Party.

An Indemnified Party shall have the right to employ separate counsel in any such Proceeding and to participate in the defense thereof, but the fees, expenses and disbursements of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Indemnified Party or Indemnified Parties unless: (1) the Indemnifying Party has agreed in writing to pay such fees, expenses and amounts; (2) the Indemnifying Party shall have failed promptly to assume the defense of such Proceeding and to employ counsel reasonably satisfactory to such Indemnified Party in any such Proceeding; or (3) the named parties to any such Proceeding (including any impleaded parties) include both such Indemnified Party and the Indemnifying Party, and such Indemnified Party shall have been advised by counsel that a conflict of interest exists if the same counsel were to represent such Indemnified Party and the Indemnifying Party (in which case, if such Indemnified Party notifies the Indemnifying Party in writing that it elects to employ separate counsel at the expense of the Indemnifying Party, the Indemnifying Party shall not have the right to assume the defense thereof and such counsel shall be at the expense of the Indemnifying Party); provided, that the Indemnifying Party shall not be liable for the fees, expenses and disbursements of more than one separate firm of attorneys at any time for all Indemnified Parties. The Indemnifying Party shall not be liable for any settlement of any such Proceeding effected without its written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned. No Indemnifying Party shall, without the prior written consent of the Indemnified Party, effect any settlement of any pending Proceeding in respect of which any Indemnified Party is a party, unless such settlement includes an unconditional release of such Indemnified Party from all liability on claims that are the subject matter of such Proceeding.

Subject to the terms of this Agreement, all fees, expenses and disbursements of the Indemnified Party (including reasonable fees, expenses and disbursements to the extent incurred in connection with investigating or preparing to defend such Proceeding in a manner not inconsistent with this Section 5) shall be paid to the Indemnified Party, as incurred, within twenty (20) Trading Days of written notice thereof to the Indemnifying Party; provided, that the Indemnified Party shall promptly reimburse the Indemnifying Party for that portion of such fees, expenses and disbursements applicable to such actions for which such Indemnified Party is finally judicially determined to not be entitled to indemnification hereunder.

The failure to deliver written notice to the Indemnifying Party within a reasonable time of the commencement of any such action shall not relieve such Indemnifying Party of any liability to the Indemnified Party under this Section 5, except to the extent that the Indemnifying Party is materially and adversely prejudiced in its ability to defend such action.

(d) Contribution. If a claim for indemnification under Section 5(a) or 5(b) is unavailable, other than as expressly specified therein, to an Indemnified Party or insufficient to hold an Indemnified Party harmless for any Losses, then each Indemnifying Party, in lieu of indemnifying such Indemnified Party, shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such Indemnified Party as a result of such Losses, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative fault of the Indemnifying Party and Indemnified Party in connection with the actions, statements or omissions that resulted in such Losses as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative fault of such Indemnifying Party and Indemnified Party shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether any action in question, including any untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission of a material fact, has been taken or made by, or relates to information supplied by, such Indemnifying Party or Indemnified Party, and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such action, statement or omission. The amount paid or payable by a party as a result of any Losses shall be deemed to include, subject to the limitations set forth in this Agreement, any reasonable attorneys’ or other reasonable fees, expenses or disbursements incurred by such party in connection with any Proceeding to the extent such party would have been indemnified for such fees, expenses or disbursements if the indemnification provided for in this Section 5 was available to such party in accordance with its terms.

The parties hereto agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 5(d) were determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation that does not take into account the equitable considerations referred to in the immediately preceding paragraph. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 5(d), (A) no Holder shall be required to contribute, in the aggregate with any other amounts payable by it under this Section 5, any amount in excess of the net proceeds actually received by such Holder from the sale of the Registrable Securities giving rise to such contribution obligation and (B) no contribution will be made under circumstances where the maker of such contribution would not have been required to indemnify the Indemnified Party under the fault standards set forth in this Section 5. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any Person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.

The indemnity and contribution agreements contained in this Section 5 are in addition to any liability that the Indemnifying Parties may have to the Indemnified Parties and are not in diminution or limitation of the indemnification provisions under the Purchase Agreement.

6. Miscellaneous.

(a) Remedies. In the event of a breach by the Company or by a Holder of any of their obligations under this Agreement, each Holder or the Company, as the case may be, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law and under this Agreement, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to seek specific performance of its rights under this Agreement, without the requirement of posting a bond. The Company and each Holder agree that monetary damages would not provide adequate compensation for any losses incurred by reason of a breach by it of any of the provisions of this Agreement and hereby further agrees that, in the event of any action for specific performance in respect of such breach, it shall waive the defense that a remedy at law would be adequate.

(b) No Piggyback on Registrations; Prohibition on Filing Other Registration Statements. Except and to the extent specified in the Purchase Agreement, neither the Company nor any of its security holders (other than the Holders in such capacity pursuant hereto) may include securities of the Company in a Registration Statement other than the Registrable Securities and the Company shall not prior to the Effective Date enter into any agreement providing any such right to any of its security holders.

(c) Compliance. Each Holder covenants and agrees that it will comply with the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act as applicable to it (unless an exemption therefrom is available) in connection with sales of Registrable Securities pursuant to the Registration Statement and shall sell the Registrable Securities only in accordance with a method of distribution described in the Prospectus, or pursuant to an exemption from, or in a transaction not subject to, the registration requirements of the Securities Act.

(d) Discontinued Disposition. By its acquisition of Registrable Securities, each Holder agrees that, upon receipt of a notice from the Company of the occurrence of any event of the kind described in Section 3(c)(iii)-(vi), such Holder will forthwith discontinue disposition of such Registrable Securities under a Registration Statement until it is advised in writing (the “Advice”) by the Company that the use of the applicable Prospectus (as it may have been supplemented or amended) may be resumed. The Company will use its best efforts to ensure that the use of the Prospectus may be resumed as promptly as is practicable. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, no Holder shall be required to discontinue disposition of Registrable Securities under a Registration Statement by virtue of the delivery by the Company of a notice of the occurrence of any event of the kind described in Section 3(c)(v) or Section 3(c)(vi) on more than two (2) occasions or for more than sixty (60) total calendar days, in each case during any twelve-month period, or for more than thirty (30) calendar days during any ninety (90)-day period (an “Allowed Suspension”).

(e) No Inconsistent Agreements. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has entered, as of the date hereof, nor shall the Company or any of its subsidiaries, on or after the date hereof, enter into any agreement with respect to its securities, that would have the effect of impairing the rights granted to the Holders in this Agreement or otherwise conflicts with the provisions hereof.

(f) Amendments and Waivers. The provisions of this Agreement, including the provisions of this sentence, may not be amended, modified or supplemented, or waived unless the same shall be in writing and signed by the Company and Holders holding no less than a majority of the then outstanding Registrable Securities, which majority must include each Lead Investor holding Registrable Securities at such time, provided that any party may give a waiver as to itself. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a waiver or consent to depart from the provisions hereof with respect to a matter that relates exclusively to the rights of Holders and that does not directly or indirectly affect the rights of other Holders may be given by Holders of all of the Registrable Securities to which such waiver or consent relates.

(g) Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be delivered as set forth in the Purchase Agreement.

(h) Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of each of the parties and shall inure to the benefit of each Holder. Nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to confer upon any party other than the parties hereto or their respective successors and assigns any rights, remedies, obligations, or liabilities under or by reason of this Agreement, except as expressly provided in this Agreement. The Company may not assign its rights (except by merger or in connection with another entity acquiring all or substantially all of the Company’s assets) or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of all the Holders of the then outstanding Registrable Securities. Each Holder may assign its respective rights hereunder in the manner and to the Persons as permitted under the Purchase Agreement; provided in each case that (i) the Holder agrees in writing with the transferee or assignee to assign such rights and related obligations under this Agreement, and for the transferee or assignee to assume such obligations, and a copy of such agreement is furnished to the Company within a reasonable time after such assignment, (ii) the Company is, within a reasonable time after such transfer or assignment, furnished with written notice of the name and address of such transferee or assignee and the securities with respect to which such registration rights are being transferred or assigned, (iii) at or before the time the Company received the written notice contemplated by clause (ii) of this sentence, the transferee or assignee agrees in writing with the Company to be bound by all of the provisions contained herein and (iv) the transferee is an “accredited investor,” as that term is defined in Rule 501 of Regulation D.

(i) Execution and Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and, all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same Agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to the other party, it being understood that both parties need not sign the same counterpart. Counterparts may be delivered via facsimile, electronic mail (including any electronic signature covered by the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, Uniform Electronic Transactions Act, the Electronic Signatures and Records Act or other applicable law, e.g., www.docusign.com) or other transmission method and any counterpart so delivered shall be deemed to have been duly and validly delivered and be valid and effective for all purposes.

(j) Governing Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Agreement shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of the Purchase Agreement.

(k) Cumulative Remedies. The remedies provided herein are cumulative and not exclusive of any other remedies provided by law.

(l) Severability. If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their good faith reasonable efforts to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated by such term, provision, covenant or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties that they would have executed the remaining terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such that may be hereafter declared invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable.

(m) Headings. The headings in this Agreement are for convenience only and shall not limit or otherwise affect the meaning hereof.

(n) Independent Nature of Purchasers’ Obligations and Rights. The obligations of each Purchaser under this Agreement are several and not joint with the obligations of any other Purchaser hereunder, and no Purchaser shall be responsible in any way for the performance of the obligations of any other Purchaser hereunder. The decision of each Purchaser to purchase Securities pursuant to the Transaction Documents has been made by such Purchaser independently of any other Purchaser and independently of any information, materials, statements or opinions as to the business, affairs, operations, assets, properties, liabilities, results of operations, condition (financial or otherwise) or prospects of the Company or any Subsidiary which may have been made or given by any other Purchaser or by any agent or employee of any other Purchaser, and no Purchaser and any of its agents or employees shall have any liability to any other Purchaser (or any other Person) relating to or arising from any such information, materials, statement or opinions. Nothing contained herein or in any Transaction Document, and no action taken by any Purchaser pursuant hereto or thereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Purchasers as a partnership, an association, a joint venture or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Purchasers are in any way acting in concert or as a group (including, without limitation, a “group” within the meaning of Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act) with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Each Purchaser acknowledges that no other Purchaser has acted as agent for such Purchaser in connection with making its investment hereunder and that no Purchaser will be acting as agent of such Purchaser in connection with monitoring its investment in the securities or enforcing its rights under the Transaction Documents. Each Purchaser shall be entitled to independently protect and enforce its rights, including, without limitation, the rights arising out of this Agreement or out of the other Transaction Documents, and it shall not be necessary for any other Purchaser to be joined as an additional party in any Proceeding for such purpose. The Company acknowledges that each of the Purchasers has been provided with the same Registration Rights Agreement for the purpose of closing a transaction with multiple Purchasers and not because it was required or requested to do so by any Purchaser. It is expressly understood that each provision contained in this Agreement is between the Company and a Purchaser, solely, and not between the Company and the Purchasers collectively and not between and among the Purchasers.

(o) Current Public Information. With a view to making available to the Holders the benefits of Rule 144 (or its successor rule) and any other rule or regulation of the Commission that may at any time permit the Holders to sell shares of Common Stock to the public without registration, for so long as Registrable Securities remain outstanding, the Company covenants and agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to: (i) make and keep adequate current public information available, as those terms are understood and defined in Rule 144; and (ii) file with the Commission in a timely manner all reports and other documents required of the Company under the Exchange Act.

(p) SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE. THE PARTIES HERETO AGREE THAT IRREPARABLE DAMAGE WOULD OCCUR IN THE EVENT THAT ANY OF THE PROVISIONS OF THIS AGREEMENT WERE NOT PERFORMED IN ACCORDANCE WITH ITS SPECIFIC INTENT OR WERE OTHERWISE BREACHED. IT IS ACCORDINGLY AGREED THAT THE PARTIES SHALL BE ENTITLED TO AN INJUNCTION OR INJUNCTIONS, WITHOUT BOND, TO PREVENT OR CURE BREACHES OF THE PROVISIONS OF THIS AGREEMENT AND TO ENFORCE SPECIFICALLY THE TERMS AND PROVISIONS HEREOF, THIS BEING IN ADDITION TO ANY OTHER REMEDY TO WHICH THEY MAY BE ENTITLED BY LAW OR EQUITY, AND ANY PARTY SUED FOR BREACH OF THIS AGREEMENT EXPRESSLY WAIVES ANY DEFENSE THAT A REMEDY IN DAMAGES WOULD BE ADEQUATE.

We are registering the shares of Series C Preferred Stock, Warrants, and shares of common stock of Avalo Therapeutics, Inc., par value of $0.001 per share, or the Common Stock, which we refer to herein as “Shares,” issued to the selling stockholders or issuable upon conversion of our Series C Preferred Stock and exercise of the Warrants to permit the sale, transfer or other disposition of the Shares, shares of Series C Preferred Stock and Warrants by the selling stockholders or their donees, pledgees, distributees, transferees or other successors-in-interest from time to time after the date of this prospectus. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale by the selling stockholders of the Shares. We will, however, to the extent the Warrants are exercised for cash, receive proceeds from such exercises; to the extent we receive such proceeds, they are expected to be used for general corporate and working capital purposes. We will, or will procure to, bear all fees and expenses incident to our obligation to register the Shares.

The selling stockholders may sell all or a portion of the Shares beneficially owned by them and offered hereby from time to time directly or through one or more underwriters, broker-dealers or agents. If the Shares are sold through underwriters or broker-dealers, the selling stockholders will be responsible for underwriting discounts (it being understood that the selling stockholders shall not be deemed to be underwriters solely as a result of their participation in this offering) or commissions or agent’s commissions. The Shares may be sold on any national securities exchange or quotation service on which the securities may be listed or quoted at the time of sale, in the over-the-counter market or in transactions otherwise than on these exchanges or systems or in the over-the-counter market and in one or more transactions at fixed prices, through distributions in kind for no consideration, at prevailing market prices at the time of the sale, at varying prices determined at the time of sale, or at negotiated prices. These sales may be effected in transactions, which may involve crosses or block transactions. The selling stockholders may use any one or more of the following methods when selling Shares:

The selling stockholders also may resell all or a portion of the Shares in open market transactions in reliance upon Rule 144 under the Securities Act, as amended, or the Securities Act, as permitted by that rule, or Section 4(a)(1) under the Securities Act, if available, rather than under this prospectus, provided that they meet the criteria and conform to the requirements of those provisions.

Broker-dealers engaged by the selling stockholders may arrange for other broker-dealers to participate in sales.

If the selling stockholders effect such transactions by selling Shares to or through underwriters, broker-dealers or agents, such underwriters, broker-dealers or agents may receive commissions in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the selling stockholders or commissions from purchasers of the Shares for whom they may act as agent or to whom they may sell as principal. Such commissions will be in amounts to be negotiated, but, except as set forth in a supplement to this Prospectus, in the case of an agency transaction will not be in excess of a customary brokerage commission in compliance with FINRA Rule 2121; and in the case of a principal transaction a markup or markdown in compliance with FINRA IM-2121.01.

In connection with sales of the Shares or otherwise, the selling stockholders may enter into hedging transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions, which may in turn engage in short sales of the Shares in the course of hedging in positions they assume. The selling stockholders may also sell Shares short and if such short sale takes place after the date that this Registration Statement is declared effective by the Commission, the selling stockholders may deliver Shares covered by this prospectus to close out short positions and to return borrowed Shares in connection with such short sales. The selling stockholders may also loan or pledge Shares to broker-dealers that in turn may sell such Shares, to the extent permitted by applicable law. The selling stockholders may also enter into option or other transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions or the creation of one or more derivative securities which require the delivery to such broker-dealer or other financial institution of shares offered by this prospectus, which shares such broker-dealer or other financial institution may resell pursuant to this prospectus (as supplemented or amended to reflect such transaction). Notwithstanding the foregoing, the selling stockholders have been advised that they may not use Shares the resale of which has been registered on this registration statement to cover short sales of our Common Stock made prior to the date the registration statement, of which this prospectus forms a part, has been declared effective by the SEC.

The selling stockholders may, from time to time, pledge or grant a security interest in some or all of the Shares owned by them and, if they default in the performance of their secured obligations, the pledgees or secured parties may offer and sell the Shares from time to time pursuant to this prospectus or any amendment to this prospectus under Rule 424(b)(3) or other applicable provision of the Securities Act of 1933, amending, if necessary, the list of selling stockholders to include the pledgee, transferee or other successors in interest as selling stockholders under this prospectus. The selling stockholders also may transfer and donate the Shares in other circumstances in which case the transferees, donees, pledgees or other successors in interest will be the selling beneficial owners for purposes of this prospectus.

The selling stockholders and any broker-dealer or agents participating in the distribution of the Shares may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of Section 2(11) of the Securities Act in connection with such sales. In such event, any commissions paid, or any discounts or concessions allowed to, any such broker-dealer or agent and any profit on the resale of the shares purchased by them may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts under the Securities Act. Selling Stockholders who are “underwriters” within the meaning of Section 2(11) of the Securities Act will be subject to the applicable prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act including Rule 172 thereunder and may be subject to certain statutory liabilities of, including but not limited to, Sections 11, 12 and 17 of the Securities Act and Rule 10b-5 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act.

Each selling stockholder has informed the Company that it is not a registered broker-dealer and does not have any written or oral agreement or understanding, directly or indirectly, with any person to distribute the Shares. Upon the Company being notified in writing by a selling stockholder that any material arrangement has been entered into with a broker-dealer for the sale of Common Stock through a block trade, special offering, exchange distribution or secondary distribution or a purchase by a broker or dealer, a supplement to this prospectus will be filed, if required, pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act, disclosing (i) the name of each such selling stockholder and of the participating broker-dealer(s), (ii) the number of Shares involved, (iii) the price at which such the Shares were sold, (iv) the commissions paid or discounts or concessions allowed to such broker-dealer(s), where applicable, (v) that such broker-dealer(s) did not conduct any investigation to verify the information set out or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, and (vi) other facts material to the transaction. In no event shall any broker-dealer receive fees, commissions and markups, which, in the aggregate, would exceed eight percent (8.0%).

Under the securities laws of some U.S. states, the Shares may be sold in such states only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, in some U.S. states the Shares may not be sold unless such shares have been registered or qualified for sale in such state or an exemption from registration or qualification is available and is complied with.

There can be no assurance that any selling stockholder will sell any or all of the Shares registered pursuant to the shelf registration statement, of which this prospectus forms a part.

Each selling stockholder and any other person participating in such distribution will be subject to applicable provisions of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, including, without limitation, to the extent applicable, Regulation M of the Exchange Act, which may limit the timing of purchases and sales of any of the Shares by the selling stockholder and any other participating person. To the extent applicable, Regulation M may also restrict the ability of any person engaged in the distribution of the Shares to engage in market-making activities with respect to the Shares. All of the foregoing may affect the marketability of the Shares and the ability of any person or entity to engage in market-making activities with respect to the Shares.

We will pay all expenses of the registration of the Shares pursuant to the registration rights agreement, including, without limitation, Securities and Exchange Commission filing fees and expenses of compliance with state securities or “blue sky” laws; provided, however, that each selling stockholder will pay all underwriting discounts and selling commissions, and any related legal or other advisory fees and expenses (in excess of the up to $50,000, per registration in reasonable fees and expenses of legal counsel to the selling stockholders which we agreed to reimburse) incurred by it, if any. We will indemnify the selling stockholders against certain liabilities, including some liabilities under the Securities Act, in accordance with the registration rights agreement, or the selling stockholders will be entitled to contribution. We may be indemnified by the selling stockholders against certain civil liabilities set forth in the registration rights agreement, including liabilities under the Securities Act, that may arise from any written information furnished to us by the selling stockholders specifically for use in this prospectus, in accordance with the related registration rights agreements, or we may be entitled to contribution.

The undersigned holder of shares of the (i) common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of Avalo Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”), (ii) Series C Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Shares, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company and/or (iii) warrants of the Company issued pursuant to a certain Securities Purchase Agreement by and among the Company and the Purchasers named therein, dated as of March 27, 2024 (the “Agreement”), understands that the Company intends to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission a registration statement on Form S-3 (the “Resale Registration Statement”) for the registration and the resale under Rule 415 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), of the Registrable Securities in accordance with the terms of the Agreement. All capitalized terms not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed thereto in the Agreement.

In order to sell or otherwise dispose of any Registrable Securities pursuant to the Resale Registration Statement, a holder of Registrable Securities generally will be required to be named as a selling stockholder in the related prospectus or a supplement thereto (as so supplemented, the “Prospectus”), deliver the Prospectus to purchasers of Registrable Securities (including pursuant to Rule 172 under the Securities Act) and be bound by the provisions of the Agreement (including certain indemnification provisions, as described below). Holders must complete and deliver this Notice and Questionnaire in order to be named as selling stockholders in the Prospectus. Holders of Registrable Securities who do not complete, execute and return this Notice and Questionnaire within five (5) Trading Days following the date of the Agreement (1) will not be named as selling stockholders in the Resale Registration Statement or the Prospectus and (2) may not use the Prospectus for resales of Registrable Securities.

Certain legal consequences arise from being named as a selling stockholder in the Resale Registration Statement and the Prospectus. Holders of Registrable Securities are advised to consult their own securities law counsel regarding the consequences of being named or not named as a selling stockholder in the Resale Registration Statement and the Prospectus.

The undersigned holder (the “Selling Stockholder”) of Registrable Securities hereby gives notice to the Company of its intention to sell or otherwise dispose of Registrable Securities owned by it and listed below in Item (3), unless otherwise specified in Item (3), pursuant to the Resale Registration Statement. The undersigned, by signing and returning this Notice and Questionnaire, understands and agrees that it will be bound by the terms and conditions of this Notice and Questionnaire and the Agreement.

The undersigned hereby provides the following information to the Company and represents and warrants that such information is accurate and complete:

Telephone:

Fax:

Contact Person:

E-mail address of Contact Person:

Note: If yes, provide a narrative explanation below:

Type and amount of other securities beneficially owned:

***********

The undersigned agrees to promptly notify the Company of any inaccuracies or changes in the information provided herein that may occur subsequent to the date hereof and prior to the effective date of any applicable Resale Registration Statement. All notices hereunder and pursuant to the Agreement shall be made in writing, by hand delivery, confirmed or facsimile transmission, first-class mail or air courier guaranteeing overnight delivery at the address set forth below. In the absence of any such notification, the Company shall be entitled to continue to rely on the accuracy of the information in this Notice and Questionnaire.

By signing below, the undersigned consents to the disclosure of the information contained herein in its answers to Items (1) through (7) above and the inclusion of such information in the Resale Registration Statement and the Prospectus. The undersigned understands that such information will be relied upon by the Company in connection with the preparation or amendment of any such Registration Statement and the Prospectus.

By signing below, the undersigned acknowledges that it understands its obligation to comply, and agrees that it will comply, with the provisions of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, particularly Regulation M in connection with any offering of Registrable Securities pursuant to the Resale Registration Statement. The undersigned also acknowledges that it understands that the answers to this Questionnaire are furnished for use in connection with Registration Statements filed pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement and any amendments or supplements thereto filed with the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act.

The undersigned hereby acknowledges and is advised of the following Question 239.10 of the Securities Act Rules Compliance and Disclosure Interpretations regarding short selling:

“An Issuer filed a Form S-3 registration statement for a secondary offering of common stock which is not yet effective. One of the selling stockholders wanted to do a short sale of common stock “against the box” and cover the short sale with registered shares after the effective date. The issuer was advised that the short sale could not be made before the registration statement become effective, because the shares underlying the short sale are deemed to be sold at the time such sale is made. There would, therefore, be a violation of Section 5 if the shares were effectively sold prior to the effective date.”

By returning this Questionnaire, the undersigned will be deemed to be aware of the foregoing interpretation.

I confirm that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, the foregoing statements (including without limitation the answers to this Questionnaire) are correct.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, by authority duly given, has caused this Questionnaire to be executed and delivered either in person or by its duly authorized agent.

Andrew J. Gibbons

Wyrick Robbins Yates & Ponton LLP

4101 Lake Boone Trail # 300, Raleigh, NC 27607

Telephone No.: (919) 781-4000

Attention: Andrew J. Gibbons

E-mail: ***