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0001743725FALSE00017437252023-08-032023-08-03

 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 8-K
CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): August 3, 2023
GRID DYNAMICS HOLDINGS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 001-38685 83-0632724
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation) (Commission File Number) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
5000 Executive Parkway, Suite 520
San Ramon, CA 94583
(Address of principal executive offices)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (650) 523-5000
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:
o    Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)
o    Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)
o    Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))
o    Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c)) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share GDYN The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Emerging growth company o
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o On August 3, 2023, Grid Dynamics Holdings, Inc. issued a press release announcing its results for the quarter ended June 30, 2023. A copy of the press release is furnished herewith as Exhibit 99.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference.



Item 2.02. Results of Operations and Financial Condition.
The information in this Current Report on Form 8-K and the accompanying Exhibit 99.1 shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing, unless expressly incorporated by reference in such filing.
Item 9.01. Financial Statement and Exhibits.
(d) Exhibits.
Exhibit No. Document
99.1
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL)
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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
Dated: August 3, 2023
GRID DYNAMICS HOLDINGS, INC.
By: /s/ Anil Doradla
Name: Anil Doradla
Title: Chief Financial Officer
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EX-99.1 2 grid-20230803xex991.htm EX-99.1 Document

Exhibit 99.1
Grid Dynamics Reports Second Quarter 2023 Financial Results
Record GAAP Net Income of $2.6 million and Revenue of $77.3 million
San Ramon, Calif. August 3, 2023 – Grid Dynamics Holdings, Inc. (Nasdaq: GDYN) (“Grid Dynamics” or “Company”), a leader in enterprise-level digital transformation, today announced results for the second quarter ended June 30, 2023.
We are very pleased to report the second quarter 2023 revenue of $77.3 million. Our non-retail industry verticals represented 66.3% of revenue in the second quarter of 2023, a decrease of 6.2% on a sequential basis and 1.1% on a year-over-year basis. Totaling 33.7% of our second quarter revenue, Retail was our largest vertical and grew 2.5% and 2.3% on a sequential and year-over-year basis, respectively. Our Technology, Media and Telecom (“TMT”) vertical, at 31.2% of our second quarter revenue, decreased 10.1% on a sequential basis and grew 3.0% on a year-over-year basis. Our Finance vertical, representing 8.7% of our second quarter revenue, grew 3.6% on a sequential basis and 33.7% on a year-over-year basis and this was largely due to growth from Financial Technology customers and new logos. Our CPG and Manufacturing vertical, representing 14.1% of our second quarter revenue, a decrease of 14.0% and 32.4% on a sequential basis and a year-over-year basis, respectively.

“I am excited with our achievements in the second quarter. During the quarter we signed several large enterprise customers including a global consumer healthcare company, leading digital payment services company, and a global hotel and hospitality chain. We are witnessing significant interest from our customers to work with us on AI projects. We completed nine AI projects in the quarter and are involved with over 20 enterprise customers on AI initiatives. We also announced a significant global partnership with Google Cloud to develop and implement innovative Generative AI solutions. This partnership is a reflection of Grid Dynamic’s leadership position in AI. Also, as part of our GigaCube initiative, we added domain experts across the automotive, pharma, and insurance verticals. We believe these additions will strengthen our capabilities and drive growth. Finally, we significantly exceeded our second quarter profitability guidance,” said Leonard Livschitz, CEO.

Second Quarter of 2023 Financial Highlights
•Total revenue was $77.3 million, flat on a year-over-year basis.
•GAAP gross profit was $28.3 million or 36.6% of revenue in the second quarter of 2023, compared to GAAP gross profit of $28.9 million or 37.3% of revenue in the second quarter of 2022. Non-GAAP gross profit was $28.8 million or 37.3% of revenue in the second quarter of 2023, compared to Non-GAAP gross profit of $29.1 million or 37.7% of revenue in the second quarter of 2022.
•GAAP Net income attributable to common stockholders was $2.6 million, or $0.03 per share, based on 75.1 million basic weighted-average common shares outstanding in the second quarter of 2023, compared to GAAP Net loss of $13.2 million, or $(0.20) per share, based on 67.1 million basic weighted-average common shares outstanding in the second quarter of 2022. Non-GAAP Net income was $7.0 million, or $0.09 per diluted share, based on 76.9 million diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding in the second quarter of 2023, compared to Non-GAAP Net income of $8.2 million, or $0.12 per diluted share, based on 69.9 million diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding in the second quarter of 2022.
•Non-GAAP EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, other income, fair value adjustments, stock-based compensation, transaction and transformation-related costs, restructuring costs as well as geographic reorganization expenses), a non-GAAP metric, was $12.0 million in the second quarter of 2023 compared to Non-GAAP EBITDA of $13.3 million in the second quarter of 2022.
See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” and “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Information” below for a discussion of our non-GAAP measures.




Cash Flow and Other Metrics
•Cash provided by operating activities was $22.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to cash provided by operating activities of $15.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022.
•Cash and cash equivalents totaled $246.2 million as of June 30, 2023, compared to $256.7 million as of December 31, 2022.
•Total headcount was 3,862 as of June 30, 2023, compared with 3,763 employees as of June 30, 2022.
Financial Outlook
•The Company expects its third-quarter outlook to be similar to the second quarter outlook provided in May 2023 for both revenue and Non-GAAP EBITDA. Revenue in the third quarter of 2023 is expected to be between $76 million and $78 million and Non-GAAP EBITDA is expected to be between $10 million and $11 million.
•For the third quarter of 2023, we expect our basic share count to be in the 75-76 million range and diluted share count to be in the 78-79 million range.
Grid Dynamics is not able, at this time, to provide GAAP targets for net income for the third quarter of 2023 because of the difficulty of estimating certain items excluded from Non-GAAP EBITDA that cannot be reasonably predicted, such as interest, taxes, other income, fair-value adjustments, geographic reorganization expenses, restructuring expenses and charges related to stock-based compensation expense. The effect of these excluded items may be significant.
Conference Call and Webcast
Grid Dynamics will host a video conference call at 4:30 p.m. ET on Thursday, August 3, 2023 to discuss its second quarter financial results. Investors and other interested parties can access the call in the following ways: A webcast of the video conference call can be accessed on the Investor Relations section of the Company's website at https://ir.griddynamics.com/.
A replay will also be available after the call at https://ir.griddynamics.com/ with the passcode $Q2@2023.
About Grid Dynamics
Grid Dynamics (Nasdaq: GDYN) is a digital-native technology services provider that accelerates growth and bolsters competitive advantage for Fortune 1000 companies. Grid Dynamics provides a range of digital transformation consulting and implementation services that includes artificial intelligence, big data, analytics, search, cloud and DevOps. Grid Dynamics achieves high speed-to-market, quality, and efficiency by using technology accelerators, an agile delivery culture, and its pool of global engineering talent. Founded in 2006, Grid Dynamics is headquartered in Silicon Valley with offices across the globe, including US, Europe, UK, India, Mexico and Jamaica.

To learn more about Grid Dynamics, please visit www.griddynamics.com. Follow us on Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
To supplement the financial measures presented in Grid Dynamics press release in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”), the Company also presents non-GAAP measures of financial performance.
A “non-GAAP financial measure” refers to a numerical measure of Grid Dynamics historical or future financial performance or financial position that is included in (or excluded from) the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. Grid Dynamics provides certain non-GAAP measures as additional information relating to its operating results as a complement to results provided in accordance with GAAP. The non-GAAP financial information presented herein should be considered in conjunction with, and not as a substitute for or superior to, the financial information presented in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered a measure of liquidity and profitability.
Grid Dynamics has included these non-GAAP financial measures because they are financial measures used by Grid Dynamics’ management to evaluate Grid Dynamics’ core operating performance and trends, to make strategic decisions regarding the allocation of capital and new investments and are among the factors analyzed in making performance-based compensation decisions for key personnel.
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Grid Dynamics believes the use of non-GAAP financial measures, as a supplement to GAAP measures, is useful to investors in that they eliminate items that are either not part of core operations or do not require a cash outlay, such as stock-based compensation expense. Grid Dynamics believes these non-GAAP measures provide investors and other users of its financial information consistency and comparability with its past financial performance and facilitate period to period comparisons of operations. Grid Dynamics believes these non-GAAP measures are useful in evaluating its operating performance compared to that of other companies in its industry, as they generally eliminate the effects of certain items that may vary for different companies for reasons unrelated to overall operating performance.
There are significant limitations associated with the use of non-GAAP financial measures. Further, these measures may differ from the non-GAAP information, even where similarly titled, used by other companies and therefore should not be used to compare our performance to that of other companies. Grid Dynamics compensates for these limitations by providing investors and other users of its financial information a reconciliation of non-GAAP measures to the related GAAP financial measures. Grid Dynamics encourages investors and others to review its financial information in its entirety, not to rely on any single financial measure, and to view its non-GAAP measures in conjunction with GAAP financial measures. Please see the reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures attached to this release.
Forward-Looking Statements
This communication contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are not historical facts, and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results of Grid Dynamics to differ materially from those expected and projected. These forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, including the words “believes,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “may,” “will,” “potential,” “projects,” “predicts,” “continue,” or “should,” or, in each case, their negative or other variations or comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, the quotations of management, the section titled “Financial Outlook,” and statements concerning Grid Dynamics’s expectations with respect to future performance, particularly in light of the macroeconomic environment and the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
These forward-looking statements involve significant risks and uncertainties that could cause the actual results to differ materially from the expected results. Most of these factors are outside Grid Dynamics’s control and are difficult to predict. Factors that may cause such differences include, but are not limited to: (i) Grid Dynamics has a relatively short operating history and operates in a rapidly evolving industry, which makes it difficult to evaluate future prospects and may increase the risk that it will not continue to be successful and may adversely impact our stock price; (ii) Grid Dynamics may be unable to effectively manage its growth or achieve anticipated growth, particularly as it expands into new geographies, which could place significant strain on Grid Dynamics’ management personnel, systems and resources; (iii) Grid Dynamics’ revenues are highly dependent on a limited number of clients and industries that are affected by seasonal trends, and any decrease in demand for outsourced services in these industries may reduce Grid Dynamics’ revenues and adversely affect Grid Dynamics’ business, financial condition and results of operations; (iv) macroeconomic conditions, inflationary pressures, and the geopolitical climate, including the Russian invasion of Ukraine, have and may continue to materially adversely affect our stock price, business operations, overall financial performance and growth prospects; (v) Grid Dynamics’ revenues are highly dependent on clients primarily located in the United States, and any economic downturn in the United States or in other parts of the world, including Europe or disruptions in the credit markets may have a material adverse effect on Grid Dynamics’ business, financial condition and results of operations; (vi) Grid Dynamics faces intense and increasing competition; (vii) Grid Dynamics’ failure to successfully attract, hire, develop, motivate and retain highly skilled personnel could materially adversely affect Grid Dynamics’ business, financial condition and results of operations; (viii) failure to adapt to rapidly changing technologies, methodologies and evolving industry standards may have a material adverse effect on Grid Dynamics’ business, financial condition and results of operations; (ix) failure to successfully deliver contracted services or causing disruptions to clients’ businesses may have a material adverse effect on Grid Dynamics’ reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations; (x) risks and costs related to acquiring and integrating other companies; and (xi) other risks and uncertainties indicated in Grid Dynamics filings with the SEC.


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Grid Dynamics cautions that the foregoing list of factors is not exclusive. Grid Dynamics cautions readers not to place undue reliance upon any forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made. Grid Dynamics does not undertake or accept any obligation or undertaking to release publicly any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements to reflect any change in its expectations or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based. Further information about factors that could materially affect Grid Dynamics, including its results of operations and financial condition, is set forth under the “Risk Factors” section of the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed August 3, 2023 and in other periodic filings Grid Dynamics makes with the SEC.
Contacts
Grid Dynamics Investor Relations:
investorrelations@griddynamics.com
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Schedule 1:
GRID DYNAMICS HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME/(LOSS) AND
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS)
Unaudited
(In thousands, except per share data)
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Revenues $ 77,342  $ 77,335  $ 157,422  $ 148,745 
Cost of revenues 49,037  48,474  100,542  93,105 
Gross profit 28,305  28,861  56,880  55,640 
Operating expenses
Engineering, research, and development 3,273  3,840  7,476  6,936 
Sales and marketing 5,963  5,132  11,597  9,347 
General and administrative 17,735  30,738  42,465  50,003 
Total operating expenses 26,971  39,710  61,538  66,286 
Income/(loss) from operations 1,334  (10,849) (4,658) (10,646)
Other income/(expenses) 3,008  (626) 4,690  (1,326)
Income/(loss) before income taxes 4,342  (11,475) 32  (11,972)
Provision for income taxes 1,715  1,711  5,375  3,881 
Net income/(loss) $ 2,627  $ (13,186) $ (5,343) $ (15,853)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax 1,403  (782) 1,898  (1,065)
Comprehensive income/(loss) $ 4,030  $ (13,968) $ (3,445) $ (16,918)
Income/(loss) per share
Basic $ 0.03  $ (0.20) $ (0.07) $ (0.24)
Diluted $ 0.03  $ (0.20) $ (0.07) $ (0.24)
Weighted average shares outstanding
Basic 75,145  67,136  74,804  67,028 
Diluted 76,850  67,136  74,804  67,028 
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Schedule 2:
GRID DYNAMICS HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
Unaudited
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
As of
June 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents
$ 246,176  $ 256,729 
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $524 and $443 as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively
48,804  48,358 
Unbilled receivables
8,079  5,591 
Prepaid income taxes
9,224  4,294 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
9,189  8,154 
Total current assets
321,472  323,126 
Property and equipment, net
10,024  8,215 
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net 11,203  7,694 
Intangible assets, net
28,641  20,375 
Goodwill 54,633  45,514 
Deferred tax assets 3,734  4,998 
Other noncurrent assets 1,531  1,224 
Total assets
$ 431,238  $ 411,146 
Liabilities and equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable
$ 5,302  $ 3,897 
Accrued compensation and benefits
20,832  13,065 
Accrued income taxes
14,215  10,718 
Operating lease liabilities, current 4,154  2,505 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 8,967  8,525 
Total current liabilities
53,470  38,710 
Deferred tax liabilities
3,524  3,756 
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent 7,682  5,636 
Total liabilities
64,676  48,102 
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 110,000,000 shares authorized; 75,333,893 and 74,156,458 issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively
Additional paid-in capital
384,969  378,006 
Accumulated deficit (19,464) (14,121)
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
1,050  (848)
Total stockholders’ equity
366,562  363,044 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$ 431,238  $ 411,146 
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Schedule 3:
GRID DYNAMICS HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
Unaudited
(In thousands)
Six Months Ended
June 30,
2023 2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss $ (5,343) $ (15,853)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 3,777  3,280 
Operating lease right-of-use assets amortization expense 1,419  1,431 
Bad debt expense 113  132 
Debt issuance cost amortization 45  20 
Deferred income taxes (1,203) (731)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration issued for acquisition of business (2,554) — 
Stock based compensation 20,410  25,048 
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable 1,418  (5,454)
Unbilled receivables (1,826) (124)
Prepaid income taxes (4,791) (587)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (755) (3,302)
Accounts payable 1,187  1,341 
Accrued compensation and benefits 6,829  7,947 
Operating lease liabilities (1,279) (1,642)
Accrued income taxes 3,116  3,078 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 2,016  738 
Net cash provided by operating activities 22,579  15,322 
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of property and equipment (3,753) (3,213)
Purchase of investment —  (1,000)
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired (17,830) — 
Net cash used in investing activities (21,583) (4,213)
Cash flows from financing activities
Payments of tax obligations resulted from exercises of stock options, net of proceeds (56) 830 
Payments of tax obligations resulted from net share settlement of vested stock awards (13,391) (3,086)
Payment of contingent consideration related to previously acquired businesses —  (1,933)
Proceeds from debt —  5,000 
Repayment of debt —  (5,000)
Debt issuance costs —  (201)
Net cash used in financing activities (13,447) (4,390)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 1,898  (1,065)
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (10,553) 5,654 
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 256,729  144,364 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $ 246,176  $ 150,018 
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for income taxes $ 8,142  $ 1,880 
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash activities
Acquisition fair value of contingent consideration issued for acquisition of business $ 932  $ — 
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Schedule 4:
GRID DYNAMICS HOLDINGS, INC.
RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP INFORMATION
Unaudited
(In thousands, except per share data)
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Revenue $ 77,342  $ 77,335  $ 157,422  $ 148,745 
Cost of revenue 49,037  48,474  100,542  93,105 
GAAP gross profit 28,305  28,861  56,880  55,640 
Stock-based compensation 520  272  980  521 
Non-GAAP gross profit $ 28,825  $ 29,133  $ 57,860  $ 56,161 
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
GAAP net income/(loss) $ 2,627  $ (13,186) $ (5,343) $ (15,853)
Adjusted for:
Depreciation and amortization 2,132  1,691  3,777  3,280 
Provision for income taxes 1,715  1,711  5,375  3,881 
Stock-based compensation 7,153  16,387  20,410  25,048 
Transaction and transformation-related costs(1)
295  —  1,083  — 
Geographic reorganization(2)
531  6,053  1,222  6,975 
Restructuring costs(3)
540  —  983  — 
Other (income)/expense, net(4)
(3,008) 626  (4,690) 1,326 
Non-GAAP EBITDA $ 11,985  $ 13,282  $ 22,817  $ 24,657 
__________________________
(1)Transaction and transformation-related costs include, when applicable, external deal costs, transaction-related professional fees, transaction-related retention bonuses, which are allocated proportionally across cost of revenue, engineering, research and development, sales and marketing and general and administrative expenses as well as other transaction-related costs including integration expenses consisting of outside professional and consulting services.
(2)Geographic reorganization includes expenses connected with military actions of Russia against Ukraine and the exit plan announced by the Company and includes travel and relocation-related expenses of employees from the aforementioned countries, severance payments, allowances as well as legal and professional fees related to geographic repositioning in various locations. These expenses are incremental to those expenses incurred prior to the crisis, clearly separable from normal operations, and not expected to recur once the crisis has subsided and operations return to normal.
(3)We implemented a restructuring plan during the first half of 2023. Our restructuring costs comprised of severance charges and respective taxes.
(4)Other (income)/expense, net consist primarily of gains and losses on foreign currency transactions, fair value adjustments, and other miscellaneous non-operating expenses, potential loss contingencies as well as other income consists primarily of interest on cash held at banks and returns on investments in money-market funds.

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Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
GAAP net income/(loss) $ 2,627  $ (13,186) $ (5,343) $ (15,853)
Adjusted for:
Stock-based compensation 7,153  16,387  20,410  25,048 
Transaction and transformation-related costs (1)
295  —  1,083  — 
Geographic reorganization (2)
531  6,053  1,222  6,975 
Restructuring costs(3)
540  —  983  — 
Other (income)/expense, net(4)
(3,008) 626  (4,690) 1,326 
Tax impact of non-GAAP adjustments(5)
(1,142) (1,650) (146) (2,318)
Non-GAAP Net Income $ 6,996  $ 8,230  $ 13,519  $ 15,178 
Number of shares used in the GAAP Diluted EPS 76,850  67,136  74,804  67,028 
GAAP Diluted EPS $ 0.03  $ (0.20) $ (0.07) $ (0.24)
Number of shares used in the Non-GAAP Diluted EPS 76,850  69,909  77,046  70,126 
Non-GAAP Diluted EPS $ 0.09  $ 0.12  $ 0.18  $ 0.22 
__________________________
(1)Transaction and transformation-related costs include, when applicable, external deal costs, transaction-related professional fees, transaction-related retention bonuses, which are allocated proportionally across cost of revenue, engineering, research and development, sales and marketing and general and administrative expenses as well as other transaction-related costs including integration expenses consisting of outside professional and consulting services.
(2)Geographic reorganization includes expenses connected with military actions of Russia against Ukraine and the exit plan announced by the Company and includes travel and relocation-related expenses of employees from the aforementioned countries, severance payments, allowances as well as legal and professional fees related to geographic repositioning in various locations. These expenses are incremental to those expenses incurred prior to the crisis, clearly separable from normal operations, and not expected to recur once the crisis has subsided and operations return to normal.
(3)We implemented a restructuring plan during the first half of 2023. Our restructuring costs comprised of severance charges and respective taxes.
(4)Other (income)/expense, net consist primarily of gains and losses on foreign currency transactions, fair value adjustments, and other miscellaneous non-operating expenses, potential loss contingencies as well as other income consists primarily of interest on cash held at banks and returns on investments in money-market funds.
(5)Reflects the estimated tax impact of the non-GAAP adjustments presented in the table.

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Schedule 5:
GRID DYNAMICS HOLDINGS, INC.
REVENUE BY VERTICALS
Unaudited
(In thousands)
Three Months Ended June 30,
2023 % of revenue 2022 % of revenue
Retail $ 26,032  33.7  % $ 25,452  32.9  %
Technology, Media and Telecom 24,096  31.2  % 23,391  30.2  %
CPG/Manufacturing 10,872  14.1  % 16,090  20.8  %
Finance 6,748  8.7  % 5,049  6.5  %
Other 9,594  12.3  % 7,353  9.6  %
Total $ 77,342  100.0  % $ 77,335  100.0  %
Six Months Ended June 30,
2023 % of revenue 2022 % of revenue
Retail $ 51,428  32.7  % $ 48,759  32.8  %
Technology, Media and Telecom 50,907  32.3  % 44,835  30.1  %
CPG/Manufacturing 23,518  14.9  % 31,069  20.9  %
Finance 13,263  8.4  % 9,576  6.4  %
Other 18,306  11.7  % 14,506  9.8  %
Total $ 157,422  100.0  % $ 148,745  100.0  %


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