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WIX.COM LTD.
(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Israel
(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)

5 Yunitsman St.
Tel Aviv, 6936025 Israel
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

Naama Kaenan, Adv.
General Counsel
Telephone: +972 (3) 545-4900

E-mail: naamak@wix.com
Wix.com Ltd.
5 Yunitsman St.
Tel Aviv, 6936025 Israel
(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None.

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report: As of December 31, 2023, the registrant had outstanding 57,172,595 ordinary shares, par value NIS 0.01 per share.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒        No ☐

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Yes ☐        No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to § 240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. ☐ Item 17    ☐ Item 18

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐        No ☒

In this annual report, the terms “Wix,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “company” refer to Wix.com Ltd. and its subsidiaries.

This annual report may include statistical, market and industry data and forecasts which we obtained from publicly available information and independent industry publications and reports that we believe to be reliable sources. These publicly available industry publications and reports generally state that they obtain their information from sources that they believe to be reliable, but they do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of the information. Although we believe that these sources are reliable, we have not independently verified the information contained in such publications. Certain estimates and forecasts involve uncertainties and risks and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under the headings “—Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and Item 3.D. “Key Information—Risk Factors” in this annual report.

Throughout this annual report, we refer to various trademarks, service marks and trade names that we use in our business. The “Wix.com” design logo is the property of Wix.com Ltd. Wix® is our registered trademark in the United States. We have several other trademarks, service marks and pending applications relating to our solutions. Other trademarks and service marks appearing in this annual report are the property of their respective holders.

We define certain terms used in this Annual Report as follows:

•    “Bookings” or “bookings” is a non-GAAP financial measure calculated by adding the change in deferred revenues and the change in unbilled contractual obligations for a particular period to revenues for the same period. Bookings include cash receipts for premium subscriptions purchased by users as well as cash we collect from Business Solutions, as well as payments due to us under the terms of contractual agreements for which we may have not yet received payment.

•    “business solutions” means additional products and services other than premium subscriptions that are offered to our users to help them manage and grow their business online, such as communication tools, payment services, and marketing products.

•    “Business Solutions Revenue” or “Business Solutions Bookings” refer to all revenue or bookings, as applicable, generated from business solutions and exclude any revenue or bookings, as applicable, included under Creative Subscriptions Revenue or Bookings, as applicable.

•    “Creative Subscriptions Revenue” and “Creative Subscriptions Bookings” refer to revenue or bookings, as applicable, generated from premium subscriptions, including premium subscriptions bundled with vertical solutions and domain name subscriptions and exclude Business Solutions Revenue or Business Solutions Bookings, as applicable. Our total revenue is comprised of Business Solutions Revenue and Creative Subscriptions Revenue. Our total bookings is comprised of Business Solutions Bookings and Creative Subscriptions Bookings.

•    “Partners” or “partners” means agencies, independent design professionals, web design, development professionals, and other third parties, who either act as resellers of our solutions to their customers or use our platform to provide website building and maintenance services to their customers, while further customizing our solutions to suit the needs of their customers, as well as users that purchase our enterprise-level subscriptions.

•    “premium subscribers” means users who have purchased a premium subscription.

•    “premium subscriptions” means our main monthly, yearly and multi-year paid subscription plans for online presence solutions purchased by a Registered User.

•    “Users,” “users,” “Registered Users,” or “registered users” means all individuals or entities that have registered with Wix, as identified by a unique email address provided by such individual or entity.

In addition to historical facts, this annual report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, Section 21E of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We make forward-looking statements in this annual report that are subject to risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements include information about possible or assumed future results of our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, plans and objectives. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “believe,” “may,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “should,” “plan,” “expect,” “predict,” “potential,” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. The statements we make regarding the following matters are forward-looking by their nature:

•our expectation that we will be able to attract and retain registered users and partners, and generate new premium subscriptions, in particular as we continuously adjust our marketing strategy and as the macroeconomic environment continues to be turbulent;

•our expectation that we will be able to increase the average revenue we derive per premium subscription, including through our partners;

•our expectation that new products and developments, as well as third-party products we will offer in the future within our platform, will receive customer acceptance and satisfaction, including the growth in market adoption of our online commerce solutions and our Wix Studio product;

•our expectations regarding our ability to develop relevant and required products using artificial intelligence (“AI”), the regulatory environment impacting AI and AI-related activities, including privacy and intellectual property, and potential competitive impacts from AI tools;

•our assumption that historical user behavior can be extrapolated to predict future user behavior, in particular during turbulent macroeconomic environments;

•our prediction of the future revenues and/or bookings generated by our user cohorts and our ability to maintain and increase such revenue and/or bookings growth, as well as our ability to generate and maintain elevated levels of free cash flow and profitability;

•our expectation to maintain and enhance our brand and reputation;

•our expectation that we will effectively execute our initiatives to improve our user support function through our Customer Care team, and continue attracting registered users and partners, and increase user retention, user engagement and sales;

•our ability to successfully localize our products, including by making our product, support and communication channels available in additional languages and to expand our payment infrastructure to transact in additional local currencies and accept additional payment methods;

•our expectation regarding the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates, potential illiquidity of banking systems, and other recessionary trends on our business;

•our expectation that we will effectively manage our infrastructure;

•our expectation to comply with AI, privacy and data protection laws and regulations as well as contractual privacy and data protection obligations;

•our expectations regarding the outcome of any regulatory investigation or litigation, including class actions;

•our expectations regarding future changes in our cost of revenues and our operating expenses on an absolute basis and as a percentage of our revenues;

•our expectations regarding changes in the global, national, regional or local economic, business, competitive, market, and regulatory landscape, including as a result of the wars between Israel and Hamas and Ukraine and Russia, and the potential for wider regional instability and conflict;

•our planned level of capital expenditures and our belief that our existing cash and cash from operations will be sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months and for the foreseeable future;

•our expectations relating to the repurchase of our ordinary shares and/or Convertible Notes pursuant to our repurchase program;

•our expectations with respect to the integration and performance of future acquisitions;

•our ability to attract and retain qualified employees and key personnel; and

•our expectations about entering into new markets and attracting new customer demographics, including our ability to successfully attract new partners and large enterprise-level users and to grow our activities, including through the adoption of our Wix Studio product, with these customer types as anticipated.

The preceding list is not intended to be an exhaustive list of all of our forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of future performance, taking into account the information currently available to us. These statements are only predictions based upon our current expectations and projections about future events. There are important factors that could cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from the results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. In particular, you should consider the risks provided under Item 3.D. “Risk Factors” in this annual report.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that future results, levels of activity, performance and events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or will occur. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation, and expressly disclaim any duty, to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this annual report, to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations.

The following is a summary of the principal risks that could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results and growth prospects.

•    We may be unable to attract new registered users from which we can generate new premium subscriptions and additional business solutions, attract partners that will sell our solutions to, or purchase our solutions on behalf of, their customers, retain existing premium subscriptions, or increase the adoption of our business solutions, among others, due to pricing decisions we may make.

•    We may be unable to maintain and enhance the strength of our brand.

•    Our selling and marketing activities, and any adjustments we may make to our marketing strategy, may fail to generate new users or partners or fail to increase the revenue we generate from premium subscriptions to the levels we anticipate.

•We may be unable to maintain a consistently high level of Customer Care.

•    We may be unable to generate significant revenues from sources other than our premium subscriptions, such as from our business solutions.

•    We are subject to risks associated with international operations, such as risks related to the impact of the wars, including the wars between Israel and Hamas, and between Ukraine and Russia, and any potential escalation of these conflicts throughout the region, and may also be unable to effectively localize our platform on an international scale.

•    We are exposed to risks associated with payment processing and the provision of financial services.

•    We may be subject to adverse impacts of exchange rate fluctuations.

•    We may be susceptible to failures of our third-party hardware, software and infrastructure, including third-party data center hosting facilities, and any failure to protect against cyber-attacks.

•    We may fail to manage our infrastructure effectively, and fail to expand our infrastructure into additional geographic locations.

•    Our cash balances and investment portfolio have been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by market conditions, including inflation, interest rates, deterioration in securities or national credit ratings, and instability of banking systems.

•We may fail to manage our headcount effectively.

•    We may be unable to achieve sustained profitability in the future.

•    Trends in sales are not immediately reflected in full in our operating results because we recognize revenues from premium subscriptions over the term of an agreement.

•    Our Convertible Notes may impact our financial results, and we may not have or may fail to raise the funds to repay the Convertible Notes in cash at their maturity, settle conversions of the Convertible Notes, or repurchase the Convertible Notes.

•    We may be unable to raise capital to pursue our growth strategy.

•    Our future acquisitions and investments may not perform as expected.

•    Our business is subject to the risks of pandemics, natural disasters, and other catastrophic events, whether due to climate change or otherwise and we may be adversely affected by such macro conditions.

•We may fail to develop and introduce new products and services or keep up with rapid changes in design and technology, including developments using AI.

•We may be unable to hire, integrate and retain highly skilled personnel.

•We may be unable to attract a more diverse customer base such as partners, mid-size, large and enterprise-level companies, design professionals and tech savvy users, for which we have developed more customized solutions, such as Wix Studio.

•We may face increased competition in a highly competitive market for our users and partners audiences, including due to new emerging AI technologies.

•The demand for our solutions and platform could decline if we do not maintain the compatibility of our platform and solutions with changes and developments in third-party applications.

•Changes to technologies used in our solutions or upgrades of operating systems and Internet browsers may impact integration with our systems, and the process by which users interface with our platform.

•We may fail to effectively acquire and service different types of users, such as small business users.

•The security of the data we store in our systems, including personal information or business data of our users and their users, may be breached or otherwise subjected to unauthorized access, in particular as we become an open platform.

•We may fail to comply with data privacy and protection laws and regulations, as well as our contractual data privacy and security obligations, and the use and adoption of our services may be limited due to growing awareness of data privacy and protection laws.

•The use of our products may be impacted by consumer protection laws, such as the Digital Services Act (“DSA”), and standards of conduct implemented by private organizations.

•We may be unable to obtain, maintain and protect our intellectual property rights, and may be subject to claims (i) by third parties of intellectual property infringement, including due to our use of AI, (ii) by our contractors or employees for remuneration or royalties for assigned service invention rights and (iii) challenging the use of open-source software and/or compliance with open-source license terms.

•We may be affected by the enactment of new governmental regulations regarding the Internet, which could hinder growth in the use of the Internet and increase our costs of doing business.

•The development and integration of AI into our offerings may present various risks, including regulatory, legal, financial, and result in reputational harm, liabilities or other adverse consequences to our operations.

•We may be liable, as a provider of online services, for the activities of our registered users or the content of their websites under relevant regulations, such as the DSA.

•We could face liability from disputes over registration and transfer of domain names.

•Trade and economic sanctions and export laws may restrict our business.

•The application of indirect taxes, other tax laws or regulations in the jurisdictions in which we conduct our business, could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

•Changes in tax laws could adversely affect our tax position and financial results.

•Changes in our provision for income taxes or adverse outcome resulting from examination of our income tax returns could adversely affect our results.

•We could be adversely affected by violations of anti-corruption, anti-bribery and anti-money laundering laws.

•Existing federal, state and foreign laws and regulations governing the sending of commercial emails and other consumer protection laws, could impact the use of our products, and potentially subject us and our users to regulatory enforcement or private litigation.

•Our share price may be volatile and may fluctuate substantially, including due to (i) any failure to meet financial guidance or repurchase our ordinary shares pursuant to our repurchase program, (ii) sales of our ordinary shares by directors, officers or large shareholders, (iii) actions of activist shareholders, (iv) our ability to maintain our foreign private issuer status, (v) risks of being treated as a controlled foreign corporation or passive foreign investment company for U.S. federal income tax purposes and (vi) provisions of Israeli law and our articles of association that may delay, prevent or make undesirable an acquisition of all or a significant portion of our shares or assets.

•Conditions in Israel could materially and adversely affect our business, including (i) the obligations of personnel to perform military service, (ii) differences in Israeli law compared to laws of other jurisdictions, (iii) the continued availability of local tax benefits, (iv) the effects of the ongoing conflict throughout the region, including the current war between Israel and Hamas and its potential escalation, and (v) difficulties enforcing a U.S. judgment against us or assert U.S. securities laws claims in Israel.

For a more complete discussion of the material risks facing our business, see below.

We primarily generate revenue through the sale of premium subscriptions and additional business solutions. The growth of our premium subscriptions base is mainly impacted by our ability to attract new registered users to our platform and the rate at which they upgrade the free web development, design and management software our platform offers them to premium subscriptions, as well as our ability to attract partners that will purchase our solutions for their use, sell our solutions to, or purchase our solutions on behalf of, their customers.

The growth of our premium subscriptions base is further impacted by our ability to retain and renew our existing subscriptions. The renewal rate of premium subscriptions also significantly impacts the overall number of premium subscriptions and, as a result, our revenues. One of the key drivers of renewal rates is whether premium subscriptions are for longer or shorter periods than one year. Premium subscriptions renewing on a yearly or multi-year basis allow for fewer opportunities of failure to renew such subscription compared to monthly subscriptions, whether deliberately or through failure to update payment information upon expiration. As of December 31, 2023, yearly and multi-year premium subscription packages constituted approximately 84% of all premium subscriptions. Substantially all of our premium subscriptions currently renew automatically at the end of each subscription period unless users actively disable the automatic renewal of their subscription in advance or if we are unable to renew their subscription.

We further increase the revenue we generate from each premium subscription by offering additional business solutions tailored for more specific business needs and also by selling higher priced premium subscriptions.

A number of factors could impact our ability to attract partners or other users from which we can generate new premium subscriptions, as well as our ability to retain our existing premium subscriptions, and to increase revenue from such premium subscriptions including through the adoption of our business solutions. These factors include:

•the quality and design of our platform compared to other similar solutions and services;

•our ability to develop the required new technologies or offer new and relevant products and service offerings to our users, including technologies which incorporate AI;

•a reduction in our users’ spending levels or desire to create a web presence, including due to macroeconomic forces or geopolitical circumstances beyond our control;

•shifting demand in online commerce, including as a result of global supply chain deficiencies;

•our ability to attract and retain partners to purchase our subscriptions or other services, sell our premium subscriptions and/or create websites for their customers on our platform, including through our partners’ revenue sharing programs, and through our efforts to develop additional product functionality and administrative back-office capabilities for our partners, and to properly integrate such developments, to allow them to adequately sell our products to their customers and properly manage their operations;

•our ability to optimize our marketing strategies and to execute successful marketing and sales activities, including those aimed at attracting and retaining partners;

•pricing decisions we implement for our solutions, including the pricing of our solutions and services compared to our competitors, including by removing lower-tiered packages;

•our ability to bundle certain solutions into an attractive subscription package, and the variety of the subscription packages and business solutions we offer;

•the reliability and availability of our Customer Care and account management services to provide the proper support required by our registered users and partners;

•the ability of our Customer Care team to increase sales of premium subscriptions and business solutions to our users;

•the perceived or actual security, integrity, reliability, quality or compatibility problems with our solutions, including those related to system outages, unscheduled downtime, diminished website performance and loading times;

•the impact of cyber-attacks on our and our users’ data;

•competitive factors affecting the software as a service, or SaaS, business market, including the competitive landscape and the strategies that may be implemented by our competitors and the ease with which a user can switch to a competitor;

•unexpected increases in the cost of acquiring new registered users or partners;

•our dependence on establishing and maintaining strong brand perception;

•our ability to expand into new geographic markets and effectively localize our services, including our ability to make our products, support and communication channels available in additional languages and make our solution compliant with local laws and regulations; and

•material limitations or regulatory restrictions that may impact our ability to generate revenue, such as restrictive regulatory initiatives and limitations on our ability to incorporate AI into our offering or bill our registered users on a recurring basis or the manner in which the rebilling is performed, as well as our cancellation policies and practices.

We believe that maintaining, promoting and enhancing the Wix brand is critical to expanding and retaining our base of users that may purchase premium subscriptions and business solutions over time, as well as to our partners who sell our solutions to, or purchase our solutions on behalf of, their customers, or for their own uses. In addition to paid promotions, our Wix brand is promoted through free sources, including customer referrals, word-of-mouth and direct searches for our “Wix” name, or web presence solutions, in search engines. The strength of the “Wix” brand is also essential to maintaining our cost-efficient marketing strategy. The following factors and events may contribute to our inability to maintain and enhance our brand, or damage our reputation and brand:

•any local or global unfavorable media coverage or negative publicity about our industry or our company, including as a result of litigation, unwanted scandals, or the war between Israel and Hamas and any potential escalation of the conflict throughout the region;

•becoming targeted by activist groups seeking to bring attention to elements of our brand, products, business model, employment practices, sustainability practices, advertising, spokespeople, locations, countries in which we operate, organizations or political or other matters we support or do not support, in order to gain support for their interests or deter us from continuing practices with which they disagree;

•our ability to provide high-quality, well-designed, useful, reliable, secure, data privacy protective, innovative, relevant and competitive solutions and services, including AI driven tools, which we may not do successfully or may not do as successfully as our competitors;

•our ability to develop solutions and products that meet the design and technological needs of our partners and tech savvy users, such as our AI tools and Wix Studio;

•introduction of new terms of use or policies that users perceive unfavorably;

•the ability of our Customer Care team to provide customer support to our users at a highly professional level, including elevated levels of support to our partners and large or enterprise size users;

•our international branding efforts may prove unsuccessful due to language barriers, an unfamiliar regulatory landscape, political perspectives, and cultural differences, and we may therefore be unsuccessful in establishing strong brand adoption in new and existing markets and geographic locations;

•steps we take to deploy a cost-efficient marketing strategy;

•our inability to integrate third-party applications desired by our users or negative experiences our users have with using third-party applications and websites integrated with Wix, including through our App Market, if they do not meet users’ expectations of quality, data privacy or security;

•certain third-party providers that our users rely on, may discontinue their engagement with us, which could have an adverse effect on our reliability and reputation;

•errors, defects, disruptions, security vulnerabilities, abuse of our system, or other performance problems with our products and platform, including the products and solutions we license from third parties, may harm our reputation and brand, especially if these errors occur when we introduce new services or features, all of which may reduce our revenues;

•if our social media advertisements are unappealing to certain audiences or are showcased within content that is unappealing to users, or if we remove or fail to remove content that may or may not be perceived as offensive or controversial to certain audiences, our brand and reputation may be harmed;

•if we are unable to block fraudulent users from conducting their business on our platform or if we fail in blocking illegal activity, such as money laundering or drug trafficking, or other hostile or offensive activities, from taking place on our platform, our reputation and our results of operations, in particular in our online commerce offering may be harmed;

•any allegation that we have neglected public commitments regarding our environmental, social, and governance (“ESG”) and human capital management initiatives, including if we do not adapt to or comply with expectations, standards, and regulations, regardless of whether there is a legal requirement to do so; and

•if users, partners, or third parties with whom we work violate applicable laws or our policies, those violations could result in other liabilities for us and could harm our business. Such violations may also negatively impact our reputation and brand in ways that could cause additional harm to our business, for example creating a negative consumer or regulatory perception around the use of our products.

If our reputation is harmed, we may be unable to sell our products and solutions, including through partners who may have higher demands than other customers and therefore may be less inclined to offer our services to their customers. If we fail to successfully promote and maintain the Wix brand or if we incur excessive expenses in this effort, our business and our financial results may be adversely affected.

We acquire new registered users, who may purchase premium subscriptions and business solutions over time, through paid marketing channels, such as cost-per-click (CPC) advertisements on search engines, social networking sites and through our affiliates program, targeted and generic banner advertisements on other sites, and social network influencers who promote our platform. In addition, premium subscriptions are further acquired through the selling and marketing activities of our sales and account management teams that targets partners, who may purchase a higher volume of premium subscriptions to sell to their customers, including through incentivizing partners through revenue sharing programs, as well as to enterprise-level users who purchase premium subscriptions and other services for their own needs. Our selling and marketing activities also focus on increasing revenues from existing premium subscriptions by offering complementary business solutions such as additional features, products, and applications, including those developed by third parties. We may also invest a portion of our marketing expenses on more traditional advertising and promotion of our brand, including through sponsorships with professional sports franchises and others.

In 2023, 2022 and 2021, advertising expenses were $142.8 million, $224.3 million and $284.5 million, respectively, representing 9%, 16% and 22% of our revenues, respectively.

In order to maintain and grow our revenues, we need to continuously optimize and diversify our marketing campaigns and strategies aimed at acquiring new registered users. We customarily optimize our marketing activities by conducting search engine optimization, A/B testing, and extrapolation of historical user behavior to predict future user behavior in order to structure our marketing activities in the manner that we believe is most likely to encourage the user behaviors that lead to desired future outcomes.

A number of factors could impact our ability to succeed in our sales and marketing strategy and execution and to generate the return on marketing that we expect, including:

•if we fail to accurately predict user acquisitions or interest or to estimate the conditions and behaviors that drove historical user behavior, in particular during turbulent global macroeconomic times that lead to inflation or supply chain challenges, such as the global impact of the wars between Israel and Hamas (and any potential escalation of the conflict throughout the region) and between Russia and Ukraine;

•if we lose access to one or more of the paid marketing channels we utilize because the costs of advertising becomes prohibitively expensive or for other reasons, such as political or other backlash we may experience as a result of the war between Israel and Hamas, we may not be able to promote our brand effectively, which could limit our ability to grow our business;

•if the levels of organic or free traffic to our site decrease due to search engines or social networking sites, modifying their algorithms or changing their terms of use or policies, or becoming subject to restrictive regulatory initiatives such as the Digital Markets Act, or DMA, in the European Union or other competition legislation, our websites may appear less prominently or not at all in search results, which could result in fewer potential users or potential partners clicking through to our website and impede our ability to deploy our marketing efforts;

•if our marketing campaigns and social media presence prove less successful than anticipated in attracting registered users that purchase premium subscriptions and other business solutions;

•if our sales and marketing efforts and campaigns to partners or new user demographics are unsuccessful; and

•if we experience an unexpected increase in the marginal acquisition cost of new registered users.

If we fail to achieve our marketing return on investment targets within the timeframe we expect and if our rates of premium subscription acquisitions and revenue per subscription fail to meet market expectations, any of these could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and share price.

We believe our focus on customer care is critical to retaining, expanding and further penetrating our user base, as well as converting registered users into purchasing premium subscriptions and adopting our business solutions. As a result, we have invested in the quality and training of our Customer Care operations and call center personnel in many of our global locations. More recently, we have incorporated AI technology, which may also carry regulatory, legal, business, and financial risks.

If we are unable to maintain a consistently high level of Customer Care, including throughout our different customer care teams globally, in particular following the right-sizing of our Customer Care and related efficiency measures and the growing complexity of our solutions, if our technological capabilities and different methods of communication with our users prove inaccurate or are inadequate in supporting our users who prefer human interaction or other methods of interaction than we provide, and if we fail to provide partners with the levels of support they anticipate, we may lose existing registered users and partners, and we may be unable to generate premium subscriptions from such user base or increase our sales of business solutions to our existing premium subscribers, and may not be successful at maintaining and expanding our partners demographic. If we fail to maintain adequate Customer Care and ease the use of our platform’s functionality in accordance with our users’ needs, our reputation, financial results and business prospects may be materially harmed.

In addition to Creative Subscriptions Revenue, we generate Business Solutions Revenue from additional products and services that are offered to our users to enhance their digital presence, including email services, applications sold through our App Market or elsewhere on our platform or on platforms operated by our subsidiaries, and from revenue sharing agreements we have for the sale of payments services through Payments by Wix, paid ad campaigns, and shipping services. Our ability to increase Business Solutions Revenue from sales made by our e-commerce users is affected by the scope and volume at which such users sell their merchandise and services through our platform. We cannot offer any assurances that Business Solutions Revenue will continue to grow at a similar pace as in prior years, that our e-commerce users will continue to be successful, or that sales of the business solutions we may offer in the future will be a significant part of our revenues. Material changes in our agreements with certain providers may significantly affect our ability to generate revenue from sources associated with such providers. If we do not succeed in selling these solutions, our future prospects may be adversely affected.

We currently have users worldwide, and we expect to continue to increase the volume of our operations worldwide in the future. However, our operations in various countries subject us to risks which may include:

•difficulties related to contract enforcement, including our terms of use;

•compliance with foreign laws and regulations applicable to cross-border operations including export controls, anti-money laundering, copyright, consumer protection, online advertising, emerging AI regulations, and liability of Internet service providers, some of which may be conflicting;

•data privacy and data localization laws that may require, for example, that user data and data of our users’ consumers be stored and processed in a designated territory;

•customization of our services and business solutions to be compliant with local laws and regulations applicable to our users and their customers;

•lower levels of internet use in certain geographical locations;

•tax consequences, including the complexities of foreign value-added tax (or other tax) systems and restrictions on the repatriation of earnings;

•personnel culture or other culture-related differences;

•uncertain political and economic climates and increased exposure to global political, economic, and social risks that may impact our operations or our users’ operations, including the impact of global health emergencies, supply chain disruptions, terrorism, war, including the wars between Israel and Hamas (and any potential escalation of the conflict throughout the region) and between Ukraine and Russia, natural disasters and other foreign events;

•currency exchange rates and restrictions related to foreign exchange controls;

•different sources of competition;

•different customer spending levels, in particular in light of recent global macroeconomic trends; and

•differing levels of credit card use, access to online payment methods, and payment risks.

These factors, or other factors, may cause our international costs of doing business to exceed our expectations and may also require significant management attention and financial resources. Any negative impact from our international business efforts could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We have localized, and may continue to localize, our products in certain territories, including through our local partners penetrating such markets on our behalf. Such localization efforts include adapting the languages and currencies we use, expanding our systems to accept payments in forms that are common in those targeted markets and tailoring our Customer Care, to provide our users with a local experience and cater to their specific needs. Our international expansion may be slow or unsuccessful to the extent that we experience difficulties in recruiting, training, managing and retaining qualified personnel with international experience, language skills and cultural competencies in the geographic markets we target, or if we were to engage with a partner who is not appropriately qualified to operate in local markets.

Entry into additional international markets, particularly emerging markets, requires significant management attention and financial resources, and presents challenges that are different from those associated with more developed international markets. In particular, regulations limiting the use of local credit cards and foreign currency could constrain our growth in certain countries.  For example, regulations in certain countries may restrict recurring charges on credit cards. We have established subsidiaries in certain foreign jurisdictions and may continue to expand into new jurisdictions to facilitate local payments and may be subject to local regulations in such respective jurisdictions. Countries or states may be subject to governmental sanctions, or sanctions placed by payment processors or other companies, which could restrict our ability to charge users. Additionally, in emerging markets we may face the risk of rapidly changing government policies, including with respect to bank transfers and various payment methods, including in-person methods, and we may encounter sudden currency devaluations. Currency controls in emerging countries may make it hard for us to repatriate bookings or profits that we generated in a particular country. We may also face pressure to lower our prices to compete in emerging markets, which could adversely affect revenue derived from our international operations.

These and other factors associated with our international operations could impair our growth prospects and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

We have had operations in Ukraine since 2013. As of the year ended December 31, 2023, we engaged 605 contractors in Ukraine, as well as 11 employees, primarily focused on research and development activities and Customer Care. As a result of the military invasion of Ukraine by Russian forces that began in February 2022, many of our Ukrainian team members have relocated to other countries, primarily Poland, and others have relocated within Ukraine. To date, a small number of our Ukrainian team members were drafted to active military duty, however, there are no assurances that a more substantial number will not be drafted as the war continues and military conscription laws expand, which could significantly influence the operations of our Ukrainian sites. In addition to a significant number of personnel and operations in Ukraine, we also lease office space in a number of cities in Ukraine, all or some of which may be damaged or destroyed as a result of the attack against Ukraine. We are actively monitoring the security of our people and their families and the stability of our infrastructure, including communication methods, physical assets, electricity, and internet availability and handling potential impacts to our development infrastructure, however, we cannot assure that our efforts to maintain stability will not affect our business.

We continue to execute our business continuity plan in response to the Russian invasion, however, there is no assurance that our continuity plans will fully address these issues, and there is no certainty that levels of productivity will not be negatively affected in the future, which may adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

Additionally, the conflict between Ukraine and Russia has led to sanctions being levied by the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom, and other countries against Russia, Belarus, and certain Russian occupied regions in Ukraine, has led to and could lead to significant market and other disruptions, including significant volatility in commodity prices, instability in financial markets, supply chain interruptions, political and social instability, and increases in cyberattacks, all of which have impacted and could continue to impact our business, and our Ukraine operations for an unknown period of time. In response to these sanctions, in March 2022, we discontinued our commercial operations in Russia.

Although the severity, duration and geographic scope of the ongoing war are highly unpredictable, the war in Ukraine could materially disrupt our operations in and connected to Ukraine and other parts of the world affected by the war, including due to lower morale of our teams in the area, diversion of management attention and increase of costs, all of which may lead to disruption of our operations and productivity of our personnel.

We are exposed to risks, including security risks, associated with payment processing and the provision of financial services, particularly in relation to payment transactions processed through Wix Payments, which may subject us to regulatory requirements, contractual obligations, and other risks that could be costly and difficult to comply with or that could harm our business.

We accept payments from our users, primarily through credit and debit card transactions and alternative payment methods, and are subject to a number of risks related to our ability to receive payments from our users, including (i) interchange and other fees paid by us, which may increase over time and may require us to either increase the prices we charge for our products or experience an increase in our operating expenses; and (ii) potential failures of our billing systems to automatically charge our premium subscribers’ credit cards on a timely basis or at all.

In addition, we facilitate payment collection by our users from their users through Payments by Wix, our proprietary payment service, which enables our users to accept payments for goods and services sold online and in-person to their customers, from a variety of payment providers, on major credit and debit cards. This includes Wix Payments, our own payment service, as well as third-party payment processors.

We are subject to a number of risks related to our ability to receive payments from our users, and our facilitation of payment processing of our users from their users, including:

•if our users are unable to collect payments from their users, we could lose revenues or cause our users to lose revenues which could harm our business and reputation;

•if we are unable to maintain our chargeback rate at acceptable levels, in particular during turbulent economic times, our credit card fees for chargeback transactions or our fees for other credit and debit card transactions or issuers may increase, acquiring banks or payment card networks may terminate their relationship with us, or we may face fines from the issuers;

•increased costs and resources to deal with user onboarding and fraudulent transactions or chargeback disputes, which may increase in an economic downturn if users become insolvent, bankrupt or otherwise unable to fulfill their commitments;

•potential fraudulent or otherwise illegal activity by our users, their users, developers, employees or third parties, or activities prohibited by our payment providers which could lead to our increased liability, in particular with respect to our Wix Payments operations;

•our reliance on third parties such as gateways, payment service providers and acquiring banks, which may experience vulnerabilities in their internal control systems, face down time, insolvency or other instabilities in the banking system, and thus affect our cash flow;

•restrictions on funds or required reserves related to payments; and

•additional disclosure and other requirements, including new onboarding authentication, reporting regulations and new credit card associated rules.

Depending on how Payments by Wix evolves, we may currently, or in the future, be subject to laws and regulations, either in existing or new jurisdictions, relating to our payment facilitation services and provision of financial services, including with respect to foreign exchange, anti-money laundering, counter-terrorist financing, banking and import and export restrictions. In some jurisdictions, the application or interpretation of these laws and regulations is not clear. In certain cases, such as under Wix Payments, we may act as a payment facilitator. In addition, we are required to monitor our users’ activity to ensure their compliance with certain standards applied by the payment network and/or our partner payment processors. We may fail to appropriately monitor our users’ activity and be subject to liability.

Our efforts to comply with these laws, regulations, and standards could be costly and result in diversion of management time and effort and may still not guarantee compliance. In the event that we are found to be in violation of any such legal or regulatory requirements, we may be subject to monetary fines or other penalties such as a cease and desist order, or we may be required to make changes to our platform, any of which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The payment card networks, such as Visa and MasterCard, have also adopted rules and regulations that apply to all merchants who process and accept credit cards for payment of goods and services, and have discretion to both set and interpret the rules and may do so with little or no prior notice. We are obligated to comply with these rules and regulations as part of the contracts we enter into with payment processors and acquiring banks. The rules and regulations adopted by the payment card networks include the Payment Card Industry (PCI) Data Security Standards, or PCI DSS. Under the PCI DSS, we are required to adopt and implement internal controls over the use, storage and security of payment card data to help prevent fraud. If we fail to comply with the rules and regulations adopted by the payment card networks, including the PCI DSS, we would be in breach of our contractual obligations to payment processors and merchant banks, which may include indemnification clauses. Such failure to comply may subject us and/or our users to fines, penalties, damages, higher transaction fees, and civil liability, and could eventually prevent us or our users from processing or accepting debit and credit cards or could lead to a loss of payment processor partners. We also cannot guarantee that such compliance will prevent illegal or improper use of our payments systems or the theft, loss or misuse of the debit or credit card data of registered users or participants or regulatory or criminal investigations. Moreover, any such illegal or improper payments could harm our reputation and may result in a loss of service for our users, which would adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our results of operations and cash flows are affected by fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. In 2023, approximately 67% of our revenues were denominated in U.S. dollars and approximately 33% in other currencies, primarily in Euros, British Pounds, Japanese Yen, Mexican Pesos, Canadian Dollar, Australian Dollar and the Brazilian Real. In 2023, approximately 66% of our cost of revenues and operating expenses were denominated in U.S. dollars and approximately 27% in New Israeli Shekels, or NIS. Our NIS-denominated expenses consist primarily of personnel and overhead costs. Since a significant portion of our expenses are denominated in NIS, the appreciation of the NIS relative to the U.S. dollar might adversely impact our net loss or net income (if any). We estimate that a 10% appreciation in the value of the NIS against the U.S. dollar would have increased our net loss by approximately $43.1 million in 2023. We estimate that a 10% concurrent devaluation of foreign currencies including Euros, British Pounds, Japanese Yen, Mexican Pesos, Canadian Dollar, Australian Dollar and the Brazilian Real against the U.S. dollar would have increased our net loss by approximately $48 million in 2023. These estimates of the impact of fluctuations in currency exchange rates on our historic results of operations may be different from the impact of fluctuations in exchange rates on our future results of operations since the mix of currencies comprising our revenues and expenses may change. We evaluate periodically the various currencies to which we are exposed and take selective hedging measures to reduce the potential adverse impact from the appreciation or the devaluation of our non-U.S. dollar-denominated expenses and revenues, as appropriate and as reasonably available to us. We cannot provide any assurances that our hedging activities will be successful in protecting us from adverse impacts from currency exchange rate fluctuations, in particular during the current turbulent macroeconomic environment. See Item 11. “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.”

We rely on collocated servers, cloud service providers and other third-party hardware, software and infrastructure to support our operations. Our primary data centers are located in two geographically separate locations in the United States, one located on the East Coast and the other located on the West Coast, each of which is capable of running individually, and we have additional CDN providers worldwide and a hosting data center in Europe to improve our performance and provide backup in case of failure of our primary data centers. The vast majority of our compute and data is located in our primary data centers in the United States hosted by Google, Inc. and Amazon.com, Inc., as well as by additional providers that we may need for specific purposes. Our network equipment is built with redundancy and efficacy in mind, and is stored in servers leased from Equinix, Inc., and Amazon.com, Inc. If our server providers are unable or cease, for any reason, to make their data centers available to us without sufficient advance notice, we would likely experience delays in the service we provide our users, until the migration to an alternate data center provider or other service provider is completed. Moreover, if for any reason our arrangement with one or more of the providers of the servers that we use is terminated, we could incur additional expenses in arranging for new facilities and support.

The owners and operators of the data centers and cloud services with which we are engaged, do not guarantee that our users’ access to our platform will be uninterrupted or error-free. We do not control the operation of these facilities and such facilities could be subject to break-ins, cyber-crimes, computer viruses, sabotage, industrial espionage, intentional acts of vandalism, terrorist attacks, fraud and other misconduct, as well as damage or interruption from fires, natural disasters, including various climate risks, war, power loss, telecommunications failures or similar catastrophic events. Problems faced by our third-party vendors and partners, including hosting providers, technological or business-related disruptions, as well as cybersecurity threats which may increase during times of war, could adversely impact our business and results of operations, as well as the experience of our users, which in turn could adversely impact our business and results of operations. Cyberattacks and security incidents are expected to accelerate in both frequency and impact, as the use of AI increases and attackers become increasingly sophisticated and utilize tools and techniques that are designed to circumvent controls, avoid detection, and remove or obfuscate forensic evidence.

Although we have multiple data centers, disruptions to any of these servers or facilities could interrupt our ability to provide our platform and solutions and materially adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Any disruption, disabling, or attack affecting our equipment and systems and the hardware, software and infrastructure on which we rely could result in a data security or privacy breach. Whether such event is a result of physical human error or malfeasance (whether accidental, fraudulent or intentional) or electronic in nature (such as malware, virus, or other malicious code), such an event could disrupt or delay our ability to provide our platform and solutions to subscribers, result in the unauthorized access to and disclosure of personal or confidential data, result in loss or corruption of data we store, subject us to legal liability and regulatory inquiry, harm our reputation and materially adversely affect our business and results of operations.

The scalability and flexibility of our cloud-based infrastructure, particularly in times of growth in our business and operations, depends on the functionality of our third-party servers and their ability to handle increased traffic and demand for bandwidth. We may be unable to achieve or maintain data transmission capacity high enough to handle high levels of traffic or process transactions in a timely manner. Our failure to achieve or maintain high data transmission capacity could significantly reduce demand for our platform and solutions and could negatively impact our reputation. The growth in the number of registered users and transactions in the past few years, and new developments and functionalities offered on our platform, has increased the amount of both our stored marketing and research data and the data of our users and their users that we require. Further, as we continue to attract users who utilize our online commerce solutions, the volume of transactions processed on our platform is expected to increase, especially if such users draw significant numbers of buyers over short periods of time. These, and other developments, such as increased use of AI technology, may place additional pressure on our infrastructure and may affect the quality of our platform and efficiency of our operations.

In the future, we may be required to allocate resources and spend substantial amounts to build, purchase and lease data centers and equipment and upgrade our technology and network infrastructure, to handle increased customer traffic and transactions, or to comply with data protection regulations in jurisdictions in which we provide our services, or due to us becoming an open platform, if we choose to do so. Moreover, as our user base and variety grow, and as users rely on our platform for more complicated activities, including through Wix Studio and Velo by Wix or similar solutions, we will need to devote additional resources to improving our infrastructure and continue to enhance its scalability to maintain the performance of our platform and solutions. Our need to effectively manage our operations will also require that we continue to assess and improve our operational, financial and management controls, reporting systems and procedures. We may encounter difficulties obtaining the necessary personnel or expertise to improve those controls, systems and procedures on a timely basis relative to our needs. If we do not manage our infrastructure effectively, the quality of our platform and efficiency of our operations could suffer, which could materially harm our results of operations and business.

At December 31, 2023, we had liquid assets totaling $1.03 billion, comprised of $822.3 million in cash and cash equivalents and short-term deposits and $205.4 million in short-term and long-term marketable securities. Our investments are subject to general credit, liquidity, defaults, non-performance, inflation, and interest rate risks or other adverse developments that affect financial institutions, other companies in the financial services industry, or the financial services industry generally, or concerns or rumors about any events of these kinds or other similar risks, which have in the past and may in the future lead to market-wide liquidity problems. The performance of the capital markets affects the values of the funds that are held in marketable securities. These assets are subject to market fluctuations and various developments, including, without limitation, rating agency downgrades that may impair their value. We expect that market conditions will continue to fluctuate and that the fair value of our investments may be affected accordingly.

We generally buy and hold our portfolio positions, while minimizing credit risk by setting limits for minimum credit rating and maximum concentration per issuer. Our investments consist primarily of government and corporate debentures, and the continuing turmoil in the financial markets, especially due to the uncertainties related to global macroeconomic trends including liquidity concerns in local and global banking systems, and effects of the wars between Israel and Hamas (and any potential escalation of the conflict throughout the region) and between Ukraine and Russia, may result in impairments of the carrying value of our investment assets. We classify our investments as available-for-sale. Changes in the fair value of investments classified as available-for-sale are not recognized as income during the period, but rather are generally recognized as other comprehensive income (loss), or OCI, which is a separate component of equity until realized. Realized and credit losses related to our investments portfolio may adversely affect our financial position and results.

Any significant decline in the value of our investments as a result of the changes in interest rates and interest rate expectations of the financial markets, deterioration in the credit rating of the securities in which we have invested, or general market conditions, speculation about liquidity, both in the local Israeli banking system where a significant portion of our liquid assets are held, and globally, and elevated levels of inflation, could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

In addition, we regularly maintain cash, cash equivalents and bank deposits at financial institutions in the United States, Israel and other financial institutions abroad. Our funds at these institutions exceed insured limits and some are not insured at all. In the event of failure of any these financial institution, there can be no assurance that we would be able to access uninsured funds in such financial institution in a timely manner or at all. Any inability to access or delay in accessing these funds could adversely affect our business and financial position.

As of December 31, 2023, we had 5,302 employees and contractors, which represents an approximately 4% net reduction in headcount since December 31, 2022. Our workforce is located in various locations globally, including in Israel, the U.S., Canada, Ukraine, Lithuania, Ireland, India, Germany, Japan, UK, Brazil, Poland, the Netherlands and Australia.  As a result of the military invasion of Ukraine by Russian forces that began in February 2022, many of our Ukrainian team members have relocated to other countries or within Ukraine, and there is no assurance that further escalations will not cause additional personnel to be drafted to military service or relocate. In addition, members of our Israeli workforce were drafted into active military reserve duty following the October 7, 2023 attacks by the Hamas terror organization on Israel and the ensuing war. Managing our headcount has placed, and will likely continue to place, a significant strain on our managerial, administrative, operational, financial and other resources.

In addition, we believe that an important contributor to our success has been, and will continue to be, our corporate culture. If we are unable to adequately manage our headcount and other business changes in a manner that preserves the key aspects of our corporate culture, including as a result of the war between Israel and Hamas (and any potential escalation of the conflict throughout the region), and the uncertainty faced by our Ukrainian team regarding their future work location, we may be unable to continue to perform at current levels or execute our business strategy.

As of December 31, 2023, we had an accumulated deficit of $1.04 billion. Although we expect that our operating expenses as a percentage of revenue will continue to decline in accordance with our Three-Year Financial Plan (see Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Company Overview”), we still anticipate incurring increased research and development expenses related to enhancing the functionality of our solutions and introducing new solutions. We seek to leverage these expenses across a growing base of premium subscriptions, while maintaining and increasing the amount of revenues per premium subscription to achieve sustained profitability. Nevertheless, if we are unable to sustain the targets set out in our Three-Year Plan within the expected timeframe, grow our premium subscriptions at the required rate or maintain or increase revenues per premium subscription, if we incur expenses that we believe are necessary or desirable (such as to invest in businesses, marketing, research and development or technologies that we believe will be important for our business) or if we incur unexpected expenses or achieve lower profit margins than we expect, including in our partners business, we may be unable to achieve sustained profitability at the time expected by investors, or at all.

A majority of our revenues are recognized over the term of our contracts. As a result, much of the revenue we report each quarter is the recognition of deferred revenue from premium subscriptions entered into during previous quarters. Consequently, a shortfall in demand for our solutions and services or a decline in new or renewed subscriptions in any one quarter may not significantly reduce our revenues for that quarter but could negatively affect our revenues in future quarters. Accordingly, the effect of significant downturns in new or renewed sales of our solutions and service offerings are not fully reflected in our results of operations until future periods.

We may not have the funds or the ability to raise the funds necessary to repay the Convertible Notes in cash at their maturity, settle conversions of the Convertible Notes in cash, or repurchase the Convertible Notes upon a fundamental change, and our future debt may contain limitations on our ability to pay cash upon conversion or repurchase of the Convertible Notes.

In August 2020, we sold $575 million aggregate principal amount of 0.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 (the “Convertible Notes”), all of which were outstanding as of December 31, 2023.

Holders of the Convertible Notes will have the right under the indenture governing the Convertible Notes to require us to repurchase all or a portion of their Convertible Notes upon the occurrence of a fundamental change, before the applicable maturity date, at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of such Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the applicable fundamental change repurchase date. Moreover, we will be required to repay the Convertible Notes in cash at their maturity, unless earlier converted or repurchased. Although we entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions, or the Capped Call Transactions, which are expected generally to offset any cash payments we are required to make in excess of the principal amount upon conversion of the Convertible Notes, we may not ultimately receive such cash payments from the sellers of the Capped Call due to the terms of the Capped Call Transactions not providing for its exercise, credit restrictions, illiquidity, insolvency or other instabilities of the global banking system, or due to other events beyond our control, or we may not have enough available cash or be able to obtain financing at the time we are required to make repurchases of such Convertible Notes surrendered or pay cash with respect to such Convertible Notes being converted.

In addition, our ability to repurchase or to pay cash upon conversion of Convertible Notes may be limited by law, regulatory authority, restrictions vested in the sellers of the Capped Call, or agreements governing our future indebtedness. Our failure to repurchase the Convertible Notes at a time when the repurchase is required by the applicable indenture or to pay cash upon conversion of such Convertible Notes as required by the applicable indenture would constitute a default under such indenture. A default under the indenture or the fundamental change itself could also lead to a default under agreements governing our future indebtedness. If the payment of the related indebtedness were to be accelerated after any applicable notice or grace periods, we may not have sufficient funds to repay the indebtedness and repurchase the Convertible Notes or to pay cash upon conversion of the Convertible Notes.

Our Convertible Notes may affect our earnings per share figures, as accounting procedures may require that we include in our calculation of earnings per share the number of ordinary shares into which the Convertible Notes are convertible. At current share prices and under the terms of the Convertible Notes, we will be required to pay cash to settle the Convertible Notes at maturity.

The Convertible Notes may be converted, under the conditions and at the conversion price specified in the Convertible Notes, into cash, our ordinary shares and/or a combination thereof (subject to our right to pay cash in lieu of all or a portion of such shares). If our ordinary shares are issued to the holders of the Convertible Notes upon conversion, there will be dilution to our shareholders’ equity, and the market price of our ordinary shares may decrease due to the additional selling pressure in the market. Any downward pressure on the price of our ordinary shares caused by the sale, or potential sale, of shares issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Notes could also encourage short sales by third parties, creating additional selling pressure on our share price.

We may determine in the future to repurchase portions of the outstanding Convertible Notes from time to time in accordance with applicable SEC and other legal requirements and in consideration of market and other conditions. Any repurchases or exchanges of our outstanding Convertible Notes are likely to affect the market price of our ordinary shares. We would expect that holders of any Convertible Notes that are repurchased or exchanged may enter into or unwind various derivatives with respect to our ordinary shares and/or purchase or sell our ordinary shares in the market to hedge their exposure in connection with these transactions. In addition, in connection with any repurchases of the Convertible Notes, the counterparties to the Capped Call Transactions or their respective affiliates may modify their hedge positions with respect to the Capped Call Transactions by entering into or unwinding various derivatives with respect to our ordinary shares and/or purchasing or selling our ordinary shares or other securities of ours in secondary market transactions. This activity could impact the market price of our ordinary shares at that time.

From time to time, we may seek additional equity or debt financing to fund our operations, refinance our existing debt, develop new solutions and services or make acquisitions or other investments. The U.S. Federal Reserve, as well as other central banks, have raised the benchmark interest rate multiple times during 2023, and there can be no assurance that rates will not increase further in the future. This could increase interest expense on additional debt financing and could materially adversely impact our ability to refinance existing debt upon maturity, sell assets at attractive terms, and limit our acquisition and development activities.

Our business plans may change, other general economic, financial or political conditions in our markets may change, or other circumstances, such as illiquidity, insolvency or other instabilities of the global banking system, or instabilities arising out of the war with Hamas (and broader regional escalations) may arise, that have a material adverse effect on our cash flow and the anticipated cash needs of our business. Any of these events or circumstances could result in significant additional funding needs, requiring us to raise additional capital. We cannot predict the timing or amount of any such capital requirements at this time. If financing is not available on satisfactory terms, or at all, we may be unable to expand our business or to develop new business at the rate desired, and our results of operations may suffer.

From time to time, we evaluate potential strategic acquisition or investment opportunities to support strategic business initiatives. Any transactions that we enter into could be material to our financial condition and results of operations. The process of integrating an acquired company, business or technology, could create unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures. We may not be able to successfully integrate the acquired personnel, operations and technologies or effectively manage the combined business following the completion of the acquisition or any other complementary businesses or technologies we acquire in the future. We may also face competition for acquisitions from larger competitors that may have more extensive financial resources, which may increase the cost or limit the availability of acquisitions. Acquisitions and investments we evaluate from time to time may carry with them a number of risks, including the following:

•diversion of management’s time and focus from operating our business;

•an inability to achieve synergies as planned;

•potential incompatibility of corporate cultures;

•implementation or remediation of controls, procedures and policies of the acquired company;

•coordination of product, engineering and selling and marketing functions;

•retention of employees from the acquired company;

•liabilities that are larger than we anticipate and unforeseen increased expenses or delays associated with acquisitions, including transition costs to integrate acquired businesses that may exceed the costs that we anticipate;

•difficulties and additional expenses associated with supporting legacy services and products and hosting infrastructure of the acquired company;

•difficulties in integrating, operating and managing an acquired company’s security and privacy infrastructure, which may be particularly challenging when acquired businesses utilize heavily customized or outdated systems, and difficulty integrating the accounting systems and operations of the acquired company;

•litigation or other claims arising in connection with the acquired company;

•the need to integrate operations across different cultures and languages and to address the particular economic, currency, political and regulatory risks associated with specific countries;

•the use of resources that are needed in other parts of our business;

•the use of substantial portions of our available cash to consummate the acquisition;

•share-based dilution as a result of equity grants to new hires of our acquired companies;

•incurrence of acquisition-related costs; and

•unrealistic goals or projections for the acquisition.

In addition, a significant portion of the purchase price of companies we acquire may be allocated to acquired goodwill and other intangible assets, which must be assessed for impairment. In the future, if our acquisitions do not yield expected returns or if the valuations supporting our acquisitions or investments change, we may be required to take charges to our operating results based on this impairment assessment process, which could adversely affect our results of operations.

Our failure to address these risks or other problems encountered in connection with acquisitions and investments we evaluate from time to time could cause us to fail to realize the anticipated benefits of such acquisitions or investments, incur unanticipated liabilities and expenses and harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our business operations are subject to interruption by various events beyond our control. Significant natural disasters, such as an earthquake, fire or flood, or other unusual or prolonged adverse weather patterns, whether due to climate change or otherwise, public health epidemics or pandemics such as COVID-19 and its variants, political unrest, cyber-attacks, geopolitical instability, and other events beyond our control may cause damage or disruption to our operations, to international commerce, and to the global economy, and could have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition. Our partners, suppliers, and users are also subject to the risk of catastrophic events. If our business continuity and disaster recovery arrangements prove to be inadequate, our services could be interrupted. In those events, our ability to deliver our services in a timely manner, as well as the demand for our services, may be adversely impacted by factors outside our control.

The markets in which we compete are characterized by constant change and innovation, and we expect them to continue to evolve rapidly. Our success has been based on our ability to identify and anticipate the needs of our users and develop products that provide them with the tools they need to operate their businesses. Our future success in attracting new users, including new demographics of users, such as partners and enterprise users, and increasing our premium subscriptions and the revenue we generate from each subscription, will depend on our ability to improve the look, quality, functionality, performance, security, design and reliability of our solutions and services, including our integrated third-party business solutions and suit them to the needs of our targeted users.

We invest significant time and effort in the research and development of new and upgraded solutions and service offerings to serve our users, including the development of vertical solutions for specific business segments, mobile applications and solutions, commerce solutions, various design elements, such as customized colors, fonts, content and other features, including through Wix Studio, our responsive editor geared towards design professionals, and our full-stack no-code/low-code development platform, Velo by Wix, intended to attract developers to our platform. We have also made, and continue to make investments in a multitude of AI initiatives to enable users to build and get online faster and easier as well as improve the overall user experience. These initiatives include AI-driven text generation, image generation, design and layouting capabilities and analytic features.

Our product research and development efforts also extend to products, features, applications, and integrations required by our partners and enterprise users, to be able to address their needs and the needs of their customers, including back-office and administrative capabilities. It can take our design team and developers months to update, code and test new and upgraded solutions and services and integrate them into our platform. Furthermore, the introduction of these new and upgraded design features, solutions and services also involves a significant amount of marketing spending.

We may fail to accurately predict the changing needs of our users, such as the need for expanded online and offline commerce tools, or for emerging technological trends, such as AI. We also need to ensure the continued collaboration with certain third-party products and services that are included in our offering and are significant to our customers, such as Google Workspace, which allows our users to create a personalized Gmail email address using their domain name.

If we are unable to successfully enhance our existing products to meet evolving user and partner requirements and increase adoption and usage of our products and third-party products, if we are unable to maintain existing products provided to us by third parties that are significant to our users, if our efforts to increase the usage of our products are more expensive than we expect, or if our solutions are not innovative or advanced enough or fail to achieve widespread acceptance, users and potential users may adopt the products and services of our competitors, and our revenue and competitive position could be materially adversely affected.

Our future success and ability to maintain effective growth will depend upon our continued ability to hire, integrate and retain highly skilled personnel, including senior management, engineers, designers, developers, and product managers. In addition to hiring and integrating new highly skilled employees, we must continue to focus on retaining our best employees who foster and promote our innovative corporate culture.

In order to remain competitive, we must continue to develop new solutions, applications and enhancements to our existing platform, which require us to compete with many other companies for software developers with high levels of experience in designing, developing and managing cloud-based software, and emerging AI driven technologies. Our principal research and development activities are conducted from our headquarters in Tel Aviv, Israel, and we face significant competition for suitably skilled developers in this region, in particular given the growing number of local companies that are expanding their development activities, and the growing number of multinational corporations establishing a presence in Israel.

We also engage developers in Ukraine, Lithuania, Germany and Poland to benefit from the significant pool of talent that is more readily available in each of those markets. Due to the war initiated by Russia against Ukraine, many of our Ukrainian team relocated to countries outside of Ukraine or to different locations within Ukraine without certainty regarding their ability to continue residing in such new locations. As a result, those relocated team members may be required to relocate again to other countries, and we may be unable to retain them.

Many larger companies expend considerably greater amounts on employee recruitment than we do, and may be able to offer more favorable compensation and incentive packages than we do. If we cannot attract or retain sufficient skilled research and development professionals in our existing locations or in new locations, our business, prospects and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. We have also experienced, and increasingly expect to experience, a competitive hiring environment for highly-skilled talent in additional locations in which we operate.

Moreover, if we lose the services of any of our key personnel and fail to manage a smooth transition to new personnel, our business could suffer. Key personnel may further solicit other team members to leave with them, and our business could suffer from an additional loss of talent. We have entered into employment and services agreements with our executive officers and key employees that contain non-compete covenants. Despite these agreements, we may not be able to retain these officers and employees. If we cannot enforce the non-compete covenants, we may be unable to prevent our competitors from benefiting from the expertise of our former employees or prevent our employees from establishing their own competing ventures, either of which could materially adversely affect our business and results of operations. To the extent we hire personnel who were previously employed by our competitors, we may be subject to allegations that they have been improperly solicited or that they divulged proprietary or other confidential information. In addition, we have grown in recent years and it may be harder to retain employees that seek to work in a smaller organization.

We invest significant amounts of cash and equity to attract and retain employees, and we may never realize returns on those investments. While we intend to grant restricted share units, performance share units or other equity awards as key components of our overall compensation and employee attraction and retention efforts, we are required under U.S. GAAP to recognize compensation expense in our operating results for employee share-based compensation under our equity grant programs which may increase the pressure to limit share-based compensation, coupled with pressures to limit share-based compensation in order to decrease overall dilution overhang rates.

In addition, due to the high profile of our company, our employees may be increasingly targeted for recruitment by competitors and other companies in the technology industry, which may make it more difficult for us to retain employees and/or increase retention costs.

Our business has been focused in the past few years on serving users who are considering starting a business, as well as small or medium-sized businesses and ventures that are up and running but need help growing and expanding their digital capabilities. In more recent years, our business also focused on additional user demographics with whom we have less experience selling to, such as partners, as well as mid-size, large and enterprise-level companies for which we are developing new features and applications, such as back office functionality required to serve their customers’ needs or their own needs, and manage a large volume of premium subscriptions and business solutions.

You should consider our future prospects in light of the challenges we may experience when selling our solutions to these additional user demographics, including our relatively short history of marketing and selling to partners, longer sales cycles, delayed execution of our product integration model following successful sale transactions, and, in certain cases, our ability to migrate users of such customers to our platform.

Some of our products are suited for more technically skilled users or web developers, such as Velo by Wix, which enables our users to build advanced and content-rich websites and applications using their advanced development capabilities, and Wix Studio, our website creation platform that offers advanced design and layouting capabilities specifically targeted at design professionals. If we are unable to increase sales of our products intended for partners (including through partners’ revenue sharing agreements), mid-size, large and enterprise-level companies, tech-savvy users, or other customer segments we may target, and adapt our products to their needs, our estimated total addressable market may be overstated and our business, growth prospects and operating results may be adversely affected.

While there are other providers who offer features similar to those found in our solutions, we believe that we do not compete with traditional web development firms as we focus not only on web development but also on quality, creativity, technology, design and complementary business solutions. Nevertheless, we do compete with aspects of the services provided by web-based website design platforms and software programs, as well as some of the service offerings of a number of template-based web builder companies and designers and large service companies who offer online commerce capabilities, domain registration and hosting services, and provide the ability for businesses, organizations, professionals and individuals to build a website using their tools or to have one built by their workforce, as well as newly emerging generative AI solutions that may develop website building capabilities. Moreover, AI technologies are rapidly evolving, and our competitors are increasing the use of these technologies. Our competitors may integrate AI into their products more efficiently, successfully, or quickly than we are able to, which could harm our ability to compete effectively and have a negative impact on our results and operations. Our ability to successfully develop and integrate AI into our products will partially depend on our ability to attract and retain employees with appropriate expertise in AI, and hence we also expect competition for AI-related talent and expertise.

Additionally, we may face competition from other companies that offer solutions that are competitive with the features offered within our business solutions, such as email service providers, payment facilitators, customer service platforms, and logo designers. Furthermore, it is possible that other providers may in the future decide that offering a comprehensive platform similar to our platform represents an attractive business opportunity. In particular, if a more established company were to target our market, we may face significant competition from a company that enjoys potential competitive advantages, such as greater name recognition, a longer operating history, more extensive commercial relationships in certain jurisdictions, substantially greater market share, larger existing user bases and substantially greater financial, technical and other resources. Such a competitor may use these advantages to offer solutions and services similar to ours at a lower price, develop different or niche solutions to compete with our current solutions and respond more quickly and effectively than we do to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards or client requirements. We may also face competition from companies that offer their products and services to enterprise-level companies and web design agencies and development professionals, like our partners, who create a web presence for their own customers. Increased competition could result in us failing to attract users and sell premium subscriptions or business solutions, including through our partners, at the rate we expect, or maintain or increase our revenue from such premium subscribers. It could also cause us to have higher acquisition costs or force us to lower our prices or take other steps that may materially adversely impact our results of operations.

The attractiveness of our platform depends, in part, on our ability to integrate third-party applications and services which our users desire, into their websites, or develop and offer those applications independently. Third-party application providers may change the features of their applications and platforms or alter the terms governing the use of their applications and platforms in an adverse manner. Further, third-party application providers may discontinue their engagement with us, or refuse to partner with us, or limit or restrict our access to their applications and platforms. Such changes could functionally limit or terminate our ability to use these third-party applications and platforms with our platform, which could negatively impact our offerings and harm our business. Additionally, competitors may offer functionality which our users desire, that is better than the functionality of third-party applications or integrated solutions in our platform. If we fail to integrate our platform with new third-party applications that our users need for their websites or develop them independently, or adapt to the data transfer requirements of such third-party applications and platforms or any other requirements, we may not be able to offer the functionality that our users expect, which would negatively impact our offerings and, as a result, harm our business.

The user interface for our platform is currently simple and straightforward, which we believe has helped us to expand our user base even among users with little technical expertise. In the future, providers of Internet browsers could introduce new features that would make it difficult to use our platform. Internet browsers for desktop or mobile devices could introduce new features, or change existing browser specifications or terms of use such that they would be incompatible with our products and solutions, or prevent end users from accessing our registered users’ sites. For example, major Internet browsers, such as Firefox, Microsoft Edge, Google Chrome or Safari, could become unstable or incompatible with HTML5-based products and solutions. Similarly, any new features introduced by operating system providers, such as Google or Apple, could adversely impact the use of our platform via our mobile application. Any changes to technologies used in our solutions, including within operating systems or Internet browsers that make it difficult for users to access our mobile application or our platform as a whole, or their users to access our registered users’ sites, may slow the growth of our user base, and materially adversely impact our business and prospects.

A significant portion of our premium subscriptions are from small businesses. Small businesses frequently have limited budgets and may choose to allocate resources to items other than our solutions or may be more sensitive to price increases, especially in times of global macroeconomic uncertainty or recessions, which can have associated effects, including impacts from supply chain challenges, high levels of inflation, illiquidity of banking systems, and increased interest rates, which may have a long-term impact on the global economy. We believe that the small business market is underserved, and we intend to continue to devote substantial resources to it, including through our partners who sell directly to their customers, some of which are small businesses. We aim to grow our revenues by adding new small business customers, selling additional business solutions to existing small business customers and encouraging existing small business customers to renew their subscriptions to our premium solutions. If the small business market is affected by, or fails to overcome the current turbulence of the macroeconomic climate, if our efforts to grow sales through our partners draws attention and resources from our focus on the small business market we cater to, or if we are unable to market and sell our services to small businesses effectively, directly or through our partners, our ability to grow our revenues quickly and become profitable will be harmed.

Due to the nature of our business, our systems and the systems of our cloud providers with which we contract store large amounts of information and data including our proprietary and confidential business data, data of our prospective and registered users, as well as data relating to the visitors and customers of our users (which we refer to as our users of users). We also maintain certain personal data of our personnel and job candidates (collectively, “Confidential Information”). Confidential Information may include personal information such as email addresses, geo-location, usage data, business data, passwords and also billing information, such as credit card numbers, full names, billing addresses, phone numbers, and additional information, which may be, or perceived to be sensitive or confidential. Third-party services available on our platform may also collect such Confidential Information and share it with us. In addition, as part of our product strategy, we have partially become an open platform, which may increase access of third parties to information and data available on our platform, or increase the scope of third parties who are integrated with our platform through our App Market. Apart from our attempts to scan and remove specific content such as content which may be deemed as child pornography or phishing patterns, we do not regularly monitor or review the content that our users, and their users, upload and store, or information, content, and data we receive from third-party applications and, therefore, we do not control the substance of the content on our servers, which may include confidential or personal information, including Confidential Information. As a result, we face risks of external or internal unauthorized access or leaks of user information, which may result in legal claims or proceedings (such as class actions) and negative reputational impacts that cause us to lose existing or future customers.

Although we have implemented cybersecurity standards and controls, operating rules and certification requirements, including in accordance with PCI DSS and Systems and Organization Controls 2 (SOC2), we cannot be sure that the steps that we have taken to protect the security, availability, integrity and confidentiality of the Confidential Information we, or our users, collect, store, or transmit, will succeed in preventing inadvertent or unauthorized use or disclosure. There can also be no assurance that our cybersecurity program and processes, including our policies, controls or procedures, will be fully implemented, complied with or effective in protecting our systems and Confidential Information. Payments by Wix, for example, requires and is based on integrations with third-party vendors, service providers and payment gateways, and depends on the efficacy of secure transmission protocols and related technologies. There can be no assurance that the data security standards we have implemented, including for the collection and transmission of credit card and other payment information, or those of our third-party service providers, will adequately comply with the security standards of any jurisdiction in which we seek to market our solution.

Furthermore, like many online and other companies, we have experienced and may experience in the future cyberattacks and security incidents, as well as attempts by third parties to circumvent the security of our systems. We have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, attempts by hackers to penetrate our internal network and hosted servers. Hackers are increasingly using various tools and techniques, including leveraging technology, such as AI, to sophisticated tailored phishing attacks, ransomware, computer malware, viruses, distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, a technique used by hackers to take an internet service offline by overloading its servers, and other exploitation of known and unknown vulnerabilities. As a result, we may be unable to detect, investigate, remediate or recover from future attacks or incidents, or to avoid a material adverse impact to our information technology Systems, Confidential Information or business. Moreover, retaliatory acts by Russia in response to economic sanctions or other measures taken by the international community against Russia arising from the Russian military invasion of Ukraine could include an increased number or severity of cyberattacks from Russia or its allies. Similarly, as a result of the current war between Israel and Hamas (and any potential escalation of the conflict throughout the region), we may be increasingly targeted by malicious actors seeking to sabotage our cyber environment. The scale of some of these attacks against us in the past has caused us and some of our registered user websites to experience intermittent downtime. Although to date none of these incidents has been material, there can be no assurance that any future attempts may not be material. In addition, risks of internal leaks from our employees or other insiders, whether due to human error or malice, or acts of sabotage, exist, and we may not have adequate internal controls to properly monitor and prevent such leaks. We may not be successful in identifying, blocking or otherwise preventing access to our systems or Confidential Information, despite our security measures. Since techniques used to obtain unauthorized access change frequently, including newer strains of malware, and ransomware, as well as attacks generated by bad actors supported by foreign governments, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. Furthermore, given that attackers are increasingly using tools that circumvent controls and obfuscate forensic evidence, we may be unable to promptly detect, investigate, remediate or recover from a future attack or incident or avoid material adverse impact to our systems, Confidential Information or business.

Because we make extensive use of third-party suppliers and service providers, such as cloud services that support our internal and customer-facing operations, successful cyberattacks that disrupt or result in unauthorized access to third party systems can materially impact our operations and financial results. Additionally, our products and services are integrated with our customers’ systems and processes, and any circumvention or failure of our cybersecurity defenses or measures in relation to such systems and processes could compromise the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our customers’ proprietary or other sensitive information. We also rely on outside parties to provide physical security for our facilities, including data centers, and any physical breach of security could result in unauthorized access or damage to our systems.

If our security measures are, or are perceived to be, breached, whether because of third-party action, employee error, malfeasance or otherwise, or if design flaws in our software are exposed, exploited or abused in any way, as a result, an unauthorized party disrupts our operations, or accesses any of our Confidential Information, users’ data or the data of their users, or otherwise gains control of our platform, or if it is perceived that any unauthorized access has occurred (such as when users utilize weak passwords or their credentials are disclosed, stolen or lost), our brand may be negatively impacted, we may be unable to acquire new users, our relationships with our users may be damaged, our registered users may choose to cancel their premium subscriptions, we could incur increased costs of incident responses, system restoration, remediation and compliance, or other liability and could be subject to regulatory investigations, fines and litigation (including class action lawsuits); any of which may negatively impact our business, operating results or financial performance, and/or result in a decline of our share price. Even if such a data breach affects a competitor and does not arise out of our actions or inactions, the resulting concern about using our platform could negatively affect our business.

We are also subject to federal, state, provincial and foreign laws regarding cybersecurity and the protection of our systems and Confidential Information. Many jurisdictions have enacted laws requiring companies to notify individuals (and regulators) of data breaches or cybersecurity incidents involving certain types of personal information, and, in addition, our agreements with certain of our providers require us to notify them in the event of a security incident. These, and other mandatory disclosures, including SEC required disclosures, regarding a cybersecurity incident may lead to negative publicity and may cause our investors, registered users or providers to lose confidence in the effectiveness of our cybersecurity measures. We could be required to devote significant resources to investigate and address a security incident. Additionally, some jurisdictions, as well as our contracts with certain providers, require us to use industry-standard or reasonable measures to safeguard Confidential Information, and failure to comply with such safeguards and measures may cause harm to our operations. Following the introduction of Wix Payments, our integrated payment processing solution, and the increased storage of personal and financial information, including Confidential Information, of our users and their users, a violation of data privacy or security laws or contractual clauses, many of which focus on personal financial and payment information, could lead to reputational harm, loss of business, legal action (including class action litigation) and/or regulatory inquiries, resulting in monetary liability, other penalties or other consequences that could negatively impact our reputation and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

If our data security measures fail to protect the credit card details, passwords or personal and financial information, including Confidential Information, adequately, we could be liable to both our users and their users for any related losses (such as fraudulent credit card transactions), as well as certain of our providers under our contractual agreements, including fines and higher transaction fees. Additionally, we could face regulatory action or face litigation, and our users and providers could terminate or materially change their relationships with us, any of which could harm our business, results of operations or financial condition. There can be no assurance that the limitations of liability in our contracts would be enforceable or adequate or would otherwise protect us from any such liabilities or damages with respect to any particular data related claim. Our existing general liability insurance coverage and coverage for errors and omissions may not continue to be available on acceptable terms or at all in the future or may not be available in sufficient amounts to cover one or more large data related claims. The insurer may also exclude certain data related events from coverage, or deny coverage for any future data related claim. The successful assertion of one or more large data related claims against us that exceeds our available insurance coverage, or the occurrence of changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to data privacy and security laws and regulations adopted in Israel, Europe, the U.S., Australia, Brazil, and other jurisdictions. In recent years, there has been an increase in attention to, and regulation of, data privacy across the globe, including in the U.S.

For countries that are part of the European Economic Area (EEA), we are subject to the General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, and in the United Kingdom to the UK General Data Protection Regulation, or UK GDPR, which include stringent obligations in relation to our collection, control, processing, sharing, disclosure and other use of data relating to an identifiable living individual. These regimes impose comprehensive data privacy compliance requirements, including detailed disclosures about how personal data is collected and processed, demonstration that appropriate legal bases are in place to justify data processing activities, compliance with rights for data subjects in regard to their personal data, ensuring appropriate safeguards are in place where personal data is transferred out of the EEA and the UK to certain jurisdictions, notification to data protection regulators (and in certain cases, affected individuals) of significant personal data breaches, requirements to include certain obligations in contracts, and compliance with the principal of accountability and the obligation to demonstrate compliance through policies, procedures, trainings and audit procedures. The GDPR and UK GDPR also include significant penalties for failure to comply; among others, a fine up to €20 million/£17.5 million or up to 4% of the annual worldwide turnover, whichever is greater, can be imposed under each regime. Such penalties are in addition to any civil litigation claims (including class actions) for compensation or damages, and any orders to cease/change our processing of personal data or other enforcement orders, and reputational damage.

The GDPR and UK GDPR also regulate cross-border transfers of personal data out of the EEA and the UK, respectively. Recent legal developments in Europe, including decisions from the Court of Justice of the European Union and regulatory guidance from regulators in the EEA and UK, have created complexity and uncertainty regarding certain transfers. We transfer EEA and UK personal data to Israel, which benefits from an adequacy decision from the EEA and UK authorities; review and variation of existing adequacy decisions could require us to take additional steps to comply with GDPR and UK GDPR requirements for certain transfers. Moreover, the European Commission and the UK’s Information Commissioner’s Office have published certain requirements for use of standard contractual clauses, including transfer impact assessments and additional supplementary security measures to enable cross-border transfers from the EEA and the UK, respectively, which we may not adequately implement or comply with. Compliance with laws on data transfers could lead us to suffer additional costs, complaints and/or regulatory investigations or fines, and/or if we are otherwise unable to transfer personal data between and among countries and regions in which we operate, it could affect the manner in which we provide our products, and the geographical location or segregation of our relevant systems and operations, and could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operation.

Additionally, other countries outside of the EEA have enacted or are considering enacting similar cross-border data transfer restrictions and laws requiring local data residency, which could increase the cost and complexity of delivering our solutions and operating our business in these countries.

In addition, we are subject to evolving European Union and UK privacy laws on cookies, web beacons and similar tracking technologies, and e-marketing. In the EU and UK, regulators are increasingly focusing on compliance with requirements in the online behavioral advertising ecosystem. Under EU and UK law, consent, as defined in the applicable law, is required for the placement of a non-essential cookie or similar technologies on a user’s device and for direct electronic marketing. The GDPR and UK GDPR also impose conditions on obtaining valid consent, such as a prohibition on pre-checked consents, a requirement to ensure separate consents are sought for each type of cookie or similar technology. As regulators, activists, consumer protection organizations and third parties increasingly enforce the strict approach in recent guidance, this could lead to substantial costs, require significant systems changes, limit the effectiveness of our marketing activities, divert the attention of our technology personnel, adversely affect our margins, and subject us to additional liabilities. Regulation of cookies and similar technologies, and any decline of or limitations to cookies or similar online tracking technologies as a means to identify and potentially target individuals, may lead to broader restrictions and impairments on our marketing and personalization activities and may negatively impact our efforts to better know our users.

In the United States, there are a number of federal laws that impose limits on or requirements regarding the collection, distribution, use, security and storage of personal data of individuals. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Act, for example, grants the FTC authority to enforce against unfair or deceptive practices, which the FTC has interpreted to require that companies’ practices with respect to personal data comply with the commitments posted in their privacy policies.

In addition, in the United States at the state level, we are subject to a number of laws, including but not limited to the California Consumer Privacy Act, or CCPA, which provides data privacy rights for California residents and imposes operational, privacy and security requirements on covered companies. The CCPA imposes fines of up to $7,500 per violation, and creates a private right of action in relation to certain data security breaches. Following the enactment of the CCPA, comprehensive privacy statutes that share similarities with the CCPA have been enacted or proposed in several other states. Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with these laws could result in proceedings or actions against us. All of these state laws and others that are being produced or enacted, may require us to modify our data practices and policies and to incur substantial costs, effort and expenses in order to comply. In addition, the enactment of these state laws could have potentially conflicting requirements that could make compliance challenging and costly.

Complex laws relating to data privacy and security are often inconsistent and may be subject to amendment or re-interpretation and may be implemented in a non-uniform way in many jurisdictions around the world, and we may not be aware of every development that impacts our business. For instance, different data protection authorities in the EU have published guidelines regarding the correct usage of cookies and similar technologies; such guidelines are not always consistent in their interpretation and application of relevant laws. These different national guidelines relating to data privacy and security issues often contradict each other and are subject to change in the future. This may cause us to incur significant costs and expend significant effort to ensure compliance. Due to the accessibility of our services worldwide, certain foreign jurisdictions may claim that we are required to comply with their privacy or data protection laws even in jurisdictions where we have no local entity, employees or infrastructure. Where the local data privacy laws of a jurisdiction apply, we may be required to register our operations in that jurisdiction or make changes to our business so that registered users’ data or the data of their users that we collect, process and/or store is only collected, processed and/or stored in accordance with applicable local law. Some of these laws include strict localization provisions that require certain data to be stored within a particular region or jurisdiction. We strive to comply with all applicable laws, regulations, policies and legal obligations, as well as with certain industry standards relating to data privacy and security. We have certain data privacy and security-related obligations to our registered users based on our privacy policy and terms of use, and we may be contractually liable to third parties in the event we are deemed to have wrongfully processed personal information. A failure by us or a third-party contractor providing services to us to comply with applicable data privacy and security laws, regulations, self-regulatory requirements or industry guidelines, or our terms of use with our users, may result in sanctions, statutory or contractual damages or litigation (including class actions) and may subject us to reputational harm. This failure may be amplified as we continue to utilize and implement different types of technology, such as AI, and as we have become an open platform.

These proceedings or violations could force us to spend money in defense or settlement costs, result in the imposition of monetary liability, restrict or block access to our services from a certain territory, incur additional management resources, increase our costs of doing business, and adversely affect our reputation and the demand for our solutions. Government agencies and regulators have reviewed, are reviewing and will continue to review, the data privacy and data security practices of online media companies, including their data privacy and data security policies and processes. The possible outcome of such reviews may result in changes to our products and policies. If we are unable to comply with any such reviews or decrees that result in recommendations or binding changes, or if the recommended changes result in the degradation of our products, our business could be harmed. Governmental agencies may also request or take registered user data for national security or informational purposes, and can also make data requests in connection with criminal or civil investigations or other matters, which could harm our reputation and our business.

In general, data privacy concerns are widely acknowledged and data privacy laws are being enacted and enforced by a growing number of states and countries as time passes. Such data privacy laws restrict our storage, use, processing, disclosure, and transfer of personal information, including credit card data obtained in relation to our users and their users. Many of these laws require us to maintain an online privacy policy and terms of use that disclose our practices regarding the collection, processing, and disclosure of personal information. This may cause our users to resist providing the personal information necessary to allow them to use our platform effectively and their users may also resist providing personal information to our users due to data privacy and security concerns and could lead to the loss of current or prospective users or other business relationships. Additionally, the GDPR, UK GDPR, the CCPA, new and expanding “Do Not Sell” requirements or regulations restricting the use of personal information for advertising, and other legal and regulatory changes are making it easier for individuals to opt-out of having their personal information collected through an opt-out button, and to choose whether or not to be tracked online, which could result in higher rates of opting out, requests for data deletion, or prevention of our online tracking which can impact our operation and decrease the demand for our products and services.

In Europe, while the recently enacted Digital Markets Act (DMA) primarily applies to designated gatekeepers, it has potential implications for our business, particularly as those gatekeepers may serve as our vendors or partners in the areas of marketing and analytics. The DMA aims to foster a fairer and more competitive digital market by, among other things, restricting the ability of gatekeepers to track user activity across different websites and services. Measures taken by designated gatekeepers may reduce the effectiveness of targeted advertising, which could potentially impact our marketing efficiency and return on investment.

Third-party intermediaries have emerged that offer services involving individuals opting out of their personal information being collected at scale (i.e., from all platforms, including ours). Such actions may further impair our ability to grow our business and to continue to process and store the information we need for our marketing analysis, and our results of operations and financial condition could suffer.

We have implemented certain measures to protect personal information, including personal information of our users of users, but as described above, these measures may not adequately address all potential data privacy concerns and security threats and may fail to meet the expectations of our users, and their users, or other stakeholders, which could thereby reduce the demand for our services. Furthermore, our users or service providers may respond to this data protection and privacy regulatory framework by requesting that we undertake certain privacy or data related contractual commitments that we are unable or unwilling to make, all of which can harm our business and our financial results.

We have experienced, and may continue to experience, third-party assertions that our solutions, services and intellectual property, including those based on AI technologies, infringe, misappropriate or otherwise violate their intellectual property or other proprietary rights. Such claims, based on trademark, copyright and/or patent infringement, among other claims, may be made directly against us, or against our users or other business partners using our technology. Additionally, in recent years, non-practicing entities, or NPEs, have begun purchasing intellectual property assets for the purpose of making claims of infringement and attempting to extract settlements from companies like ours. We entered into settlement agreements in the past with NPEs and with operating companies with respect to patent infringement claims. We have also licensed patents from third parties in areas that are related to our technology to preempt our protection against future intellectual property infringement claims.

Any such intellectual property claims, regardless of merit, whether resulting in litigation or not, could result in substantial expense and time spent, divert the attention of management, cause significant delays in introducing new solutions or services (including those that incorporate AI), materially disrupt the conduct of our business and have a material and adverse effect on our brand, reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations. As a consequence of such claims, we could be required to pay substantial damages, develop non-infringing technology, enter into royalty-bearing licensing agreements to obtain the right to use a third party’s intellectual property, stop selling or marketing some or all of our solutions or services or re-brand our solutions or services. Any licensing agreements, if required, may not be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. If it appears necessary, we may seek to license intellectual property that we are alleged to infringe, even if we believe such claims to be without merit. If required licenses cannot be obtained, or if existing licenses are not renewed, litigation could result.

Litigation is inherently uncertain and any adverse decision could result in a loss of our proprietary rights, the incurrence of significant expenses, subject us to significant liabilities, require us to seek licenses for alternative technologies from third parties and otherwise negatively affect our business.

In addition, third parties may assert infringement claims against our users (as well as our partners) relating to our products and solutions. These claims may require us to initiate or defend protracted and costly litigation on behalf of our users, regardless of the merits of these claims. If any of these claims succeed, we may be forced to pay damages on behalf of our users or may be required to obtain licenses for the products they use. If we cannot obtain all necessary licenses on commercially reasonable terms, our users may be forced to stop using our products.

Our intellectual property rights are important to our business. We rely on a combination of patent, trademark, copyright, industrial designs and trade-secret laws, as well as licensing agreements and third-party nondisclosure and assignment agreements to protect our intellectual property and know-how. However, the steps we take to protect our intellectual property may be inadequate. We will not be able to protect our intellectual property if we are unable to enforce our rights or if we do not detect unauthorized use of our intellectual property. Despite our precautions, it may be possible for unauthorized third parties to copy our products and use information that we regard as proprietary to create solutions and services that compete with ours. Because of the differences in foreign trademark, patent and other laws concerning proprietary rights, our intellectual property rights may not receive the same degree of protection in foreign countries as they would in the United States and Israel. Some license provisions protecting against unauthorized use, copying, transfer and disclosure of our solutions may be unenforceable under the laws of certain jurisdictions and foreign countries.

To protect our trade-secrets, know-how and other proprietary information, we enter into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with our employees and consultants and enter into confidentiality agreements with parties with whom we have strategic relationships and business alliances and other third parties to whom we may disclose confidential information. No assurance can be given that these agreements will be effective in controlling access to our trade-secrets, know-how, or proprietary information, particularly in foreign countries where the laws may not be as protective of intellectual property rights as those in Israel and the United States. Further, these agreements do not prevent others from independently developing technologies that are substantially equivalent or superior to our solutions. It is possible that others will independently develop the same or similar technology or otherwise obtain access to our unpatented technology.

We have filed a number of applications for patents to protect our technologies. While we generally apply for patents in those countries where we intend to make, have made, use, or sell our products, we may not accurately predict all of the countries where patent protection will ultimately be desirable. If we fail to timely file a patent application in any such country, we may be precluded from doing so at a later date. We cannot assure you that our patent applications will be approved or that patents will be granted. We also cannot assure you that the patents issued as a result of our foreign patent applications will have the same scope of coverage as our United States patents.

Many patent applications in the U.S. are maintained in secrecy for a period of time after they are filed, and since publication of discoveries in the scientific or patent literature tends to lag behind actual discoveries by several months, we cannot be certain that we will be the first creator of inventions covered by any patent application we make or that we will be the first to file patent applications on such inventions. There is also a risk that we could adopt a technology without knowledge of a pending patent application, which technology would infringe a third-party patent once that patent is issued.

We rely on our brand and trademarks to identify our solutions to our users and to potential users, and to differentiate our solutions from those of our competitors. While we aim to acquire adequate protection for our brand through trademark registrations in key markets, occasionally, third parties may have already registered or otherwise acquired rights to identical or similar marks for solutions that also address the software market, which could also impede the success of our or our partners’ efforts to market our brand in such markets. If we are unable to adequately protect our trademarks, third parties, including partners, may use brand names or trademarks identical or similar to ours in a manner that may cause confusion to our users or confusion in the market, or dilute our brand names or trademarks, which could decrease the value of our brand. Third parties may also oppose our trademark applications, or otherwise challenge our use of the trademarks. In the event that our trademarks are successfully challenged, we could be forced to rebrand our products, which could result in loss of brand recognition, and could require us to devote resources for the advertising and marketing of new brands.

We rely on copyright laws to protect the works of authorship (including software) created by us. We have filed a number of applications to register our copyrights, however, we do not register the copyrights in all of our copyrightable works. Copyrights of U.S. origin must be registered before the copyright owner may bring an infringement suit in the United States. Furthermore, if a copyright of U.S. origin is not registered within three months of publication of the underlying work, the copyright owner is precluded from seeking statutory damages or attorney’s fees in any United States enforcement action, and is limited to seeking actual damages and lost profits. Accordingly, if one of our unregistered copyrights of U.S. origin is infringed by a third party, we will need to register the copyright before we can file an infringement suit in the United States, and our remedies in any such infringement suit may be limited.

Any of our pending or future patent, copyright or trademark applications, whether or not challenged, may not be issued with the scope of the claims we seek, if at all. We are unable to guarantee that additional patents, copyright registrations or trademark registrations will be issued to us from pending or future applications or that, if patents, copyrights or trademarks are issued to us, that they will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented, or that the rights granted under the patents, registered copyrights or registered trademarks will provide us with meaningful protection or any commercial advantage.

From time to time, we may discover that third parties are infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating our intellectual property rights. However, policing unauthorized use of our intellectual property and misappropriation of our technology is difficult and expensive, and we may therefore not always be aware of such unauthorized use or misappropriation, or have adequate resources to enforce our intellectual property rights. Despite our efforts to protect our intellectual property rights, unauthorized third parties may attempt to use, copy or otherwise obtain and market or distribute our intellectual property rights or technology or otherwise develop solutions with the same or similar functionality as our solutions. If competitors infringe, misappropriate or otherwise misuse our intellectual property rights and we are not adequately protected, or if such competitors are able to develop solutions with the same or similar functionality as ours without infringing our intellectual property, our competitive position and results of operations could be harmed and our legal costs could increase.

We enter into assignment of invention agreements with our employees pursuant to which such individuals agree to assign to us all rights to any inventions created in the scope of their employment or engagement with us. Under the Israeli Patent Law, 1967, or the Patents Law, inventions conceived by an employee or a person deemed to be an employee during the scope of their employment with a company are regarded as “service inventions,” which are owned by the employer, absent a specific agreement between employee and employer giving the employee service invention rights. The Patents Law also provides that in the absence of an agreement between the employer and employee (or a person deemed to be an employee) that prescribes whether, to what extent, and on what conditions the employee is entitled to remuneration for his or her service inventions, the employee is entitled to refer the matter to the Israeli Compensation and Royalties Committee, a body constituted under the Patents Law, which will determine whether the employee is entitled to such remuneration. The Patents Law provides general guidelines for determining this Committee-enforced remuneration, which have not yet been applied by the Committee in its rulings. Although our contractors or employees, in Israel and in the other jurisdictions in which we operate, have agreed to assign to us service invention rights, depending on the jurisdiction and governing body of law, we may face claims challenging the ownership of such invention rights and the validity of the agreements and demanding remuneration in consideration for assigned inventions, and we cannot be certain that our practices are consistent with applicable regulations in our various locations. As a consequence of such claims, we could be required to pay additional remuneration or royalties to our current or former contractors or employees, or be forced to litigate such claims, which could negatively affect our business.

We use open-source software in connection with our software development or software we purchase within the framework of an acquisition. From time to time, companies that use open-source software have faced claims challenging the use of open-source software and/or compliance with open-source license terms, and we may be subject to such claims in the future. Some open-source licenses require users who distribute software containing open-source to make available all or part of such software, which in some circumstances could include valuable proprietary code of the user. The terms of many open-source licenses to which we are subject have not been interpreted by U.S. or foreign courts. As there is little or no legal precedent governing the interpretation of many of the terms of these licenses, the potential impact of these terms on our business is uncertain and may result in unanticipated obligations regarding our solutions and technologies. We cannot provide assurances that our internal policy that restricts certain open-source licenses ensures that open-source software is not used in a manner that would require us to disclose our proprietary source code or that would otherwise breach the terms of an open-source software license will be entirely effective at preventing the forced disclosure of our proprietary source code or the payment of damages for breach of contract. It is our view that generally there is no distribution of software in connection with the majority of our services, since no download and/or installation of software is necessary to use our services and our editing and design platform is accessible solely through the cloud, and therefore we would not need to make available all or part of our software. Part of our services, such as our mobile application for example, however, are considered a distribution of software. In addition, making Software-as-a-Service products available over a network is also deemed to be software distribution under certain open-source licenses. In those instances, if a specific open-source license requires it, we may be obligated to disclose part of our proprietary code. Any requirement to disclose our proprietary source code or pay damages for breach of contract could be harmful to our business, results of operations or financial condition, and could help our competitors develop products and services that are similar to or better than ours.

To date, government regulations have not materially restricted the use of the Internet in most parts of the world. The legal and regulatory environment pertaining to the Internet, however, is uncertain and may change. New laws may be passed, courts may issue decisions affecting the Internet, existing but previously inapplicable or unenforced laws may be deemed to apply to the Internet or regulatory agencies may begin to rigorously enforce such formerly unenforced laws, or existing legal safe harbors may be narrowed, both by U.S. federal or state governments and by governments of foreign jurisdictions. These changes could affect:

•the liability of online service providers for actions by customers, including fraud, illegal content, spam, phishing, libel and defamation, hate speech, infringement of third-party intellectual property and other abusive conduct;

•other claims based on the nature and content of Internet materials, including under the DSA;

•user data privacy and security issues;

•consumer protection risks;

•competition laws, including the DMA;

•digital marketing aspects;

•taxation laws;

•our ability to automatically renew the premium subscriptions of our users;

•regulations relating to the use of AI;

•restrictions on the ability to make certain telephone calls or send text messages to mobile telephone numbers;

•cross-border e-commerce and online payments issues; and

•ease of accessibility by our users to our platform.

We may also become subject to claims, lawsuits (including class action or individual lawsuits), government or regulatory investigations, inquiries or audits, and other proceedings. We expect the number of legal disputes may increase as we grow larger, as our business expands in scope and geographic reach, and as our platform and solutions increase in complexity, and we expect we will continue to face additional legal disputes. We also receive media attention, which could result in increased litigation or other legal or regulatory reviews and proceedings. The adoption of any new laws or regulations, or the application, enforcement, or interpretation of existing laws or regulations to the Internet, could hinder growth in the use of the Internet and online services generally, and decrease acceptance of the Internet and online services as a means of communications, e-commerce and advertising. In addition, such changes in laws could increase our costs of doing business, subject our business to increased liability for non-compliance, subject us to class action lawsuits, or prevent us from delivering our services over the Internet or in specific jurisdictions, thereby materially harming our business and results of operations.

We use both internally and third-party developed machine learning and AI technologies in our business, and are constantly working on expanding our AI capabilities, including through improvements to our existing AI technologies, as well as through development of new products and features, including, generative AI.

The regulatory framework around the development and use of emerging AI technologies is rapidly evolving, and many federal, state and foreign government bodies and agencies have introduced, and are currently considering, additional laws and regulations related to the development and integration of AI, machine learning, large language models (LLMs), and additional emerging data technologies, including those designed to mitigate or control for bias and discrimination in the context of AI and machine learning. For example, in the United States, an executive order was issued in October 2023 on the Safe, Secure and Trustworthy Development and Use of AI, emphasizing the need for transparency, accountability and fairness in the development and use of AI. The order seeks to balance innovation with addressing risks associated with AI by providing guiding principles and priorities, such as ensuring that consumers are protected from fraud, discrimination and privacy risks related to AI. Legislation has also been promulgated on the state level. For example, the California Privacy Protection Agency is currently finalizing regulations under the CCPA regarding the use of automated decision making. In Europe, the European Commission proposed a regulation seeking to establish a comprehensive, risk-based governance framework for AI in the EU market, the EU AI Act, which was politically agreed to in December 2023, and was passed by the EU Parliament on March 13, 2023. The EU AI Act is intended to apply to companies that develop, use and/or provide AI in the EU and includes requirements around transparency, conformity assessments and monitoring, risk assessments, human oversight, security and accuracy and introduces significant fines for noncompliance. We may incur additional expenses and costs associated with complying with such laws and regulations, as well as face heightened potential liability if we are unable to comply with these laws and regulations. Moreover, the creation and use of such AI-generated content raise various questions relating to intellectual property ownership and rights, which have not yet been fully addressed by regulations and courts. We also have no assurance that our use of AI within our product offering will not limit our ability to benefit from regulatory safe harbors.

In addition to the regulatory and legal uncertainties around the development and deployment of such technologies, there are other risks, challenges and possible unintended consequences, which could require extensive investment of resources to develop, test and maintain our services, including by developing appropriate protections and safeguards in order to minimize or remediate harmful impacts on our business and data privacy safeguards. The creation of content by the AI technologies we use may carry various risks, including content which might be factually inaccurate, incorrect or flawed, and might include bias, misrepresentations, offensive language and inappropriate statements. Our users, and their users, may rely on such content, and it could harm them, and consequently our reputation, operations and business. AI also presents emerging ethical and social concerns, and if we offer solutions that draw scrutiny or controversy due to their perceived or actual impact on customers or on society as a whole, we may experience harm to our brand, competitive harm and legal liability.

Certain jurisdictions, including the United States and certain European countries, among others, have adopted laws relating to the liability of providers of online services for activities of their users and other third parties, including with respect to defamation, threats or incitement to violence, sale or purchase of illegal goods, exploitation of minors and others, terrorist activities, invasion of privacy and other torts, copyright and trademark infringement such as the Digital Service Act (“DSA”), which governs, amongst other things, our potential liability for illegal conduct or content on our services and which may increase our compliance costs, require us to change our processes, operations and business practices and potentially subject us to significant fines if applied in a manner inconsistent with our practices and we are not able to achieve compliance. In particular, we may need to respond to content take-down requests by users and others, in a manner compliant with the specific requirements of the DSA. Certain actions of registered users that are deemed to be hostile, offensive or inappropriate to other users or to the public, or that are deemed to be infringing a third party’s intellectual property rights, or registered users acting under false or inauthentic identities or using our product to conduct illegal activities, could negatively affect our reputation and brand and impose liability on us. This particularly applies to our registered users who do not have premium subscriptions and who, therefore, maintain the “Wix” logo on their websites. Apart from monitoring selling activities of our users who elect to utilize our Wix Payments processing service and our attempts to scan and remove specific content such as content which may be deemed as child pornography or phishing patterns, we do not regularly monitor the appropriateness of the domain names our users register or the content of our registered users’ websites, and we do not have control over the activities in which our registered users engage. While we have adopted policies regarding illegal, infringing, or offensive use of our services by our registered users and retain authority to terminate domain name registrations and to take down websites that violate these policies, users could nonetheless engage in these activities without our knowledge. The safeguards we have in place may not be sufficient to avoid liability on our part under applicable laws, including the EU Copyright Directive, the EU Directive on Electronic Commerce 2000/31 (“EU e-Commerce Directive”) and the DSA (which replaced the provisions of the EU e-Commerce Directive that currently govern the liability of providers of online services for the activities and content of their users), or avoid harm to our reputation and brand, especially if such hostile, offensive or inappropriate use or use deemed to be an infringement of intellectual property rights was high profile, as this could adversely affect our ability to expand our registered user base, our business, and financial results.

Furthermore, when users elect to utilize our proprietary payment processing service Wix Payments, we may act as a payment facilitator in certain cases. In addition, we are required to monitor our users’ activity to ensure their compliance with certain standards applied by our payment networks and/or our partner payment processors. We may fail to appropriately monitor our users’ activity and be subject to liability.

At present, we do not require that our registered users post on their websites, or require their users to agree to, any terms of service, privacy policy, disclaimer or any other contractual documentation or policy. If our users do not post the appropriate documentation and policies on their websites and require their users’ consent to be bound by the terms of such documentation and policies, or should our users fail to take steps necessary to enjoy the benefits of certain statutory safe harbors, such as those set forth in Section 512 of the United States Digital Millennium Copyright Act and Section 230 of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended by the Communications Decency Act (“CDA”), the EU Copyright Directive, the EU e-Commerce Directive or the DSA, then they may expose themselves to civil and criminal liability under applicable law, for example, where their users post information which is libelous, defamatory, in breach of regulation concerning unacceptable content or publications, or in breach of any third-party intellectual property rights or, for example, where they or their suppliers fail to process personal information in accordance with applicable law. It is possible that we could also be subject to liability in such cases based on certain actions by our users.

Although these statutes and case law in the U.S. and elsewhere have generally shielded us from liability for user activities to date, court rulings in pending or future litigation or future regulatory or legislative amendments may narrow the scope of protection afforded to us under these laws. The CDA and the case law interpreting it generally provide that domain name registrars and website hosting providers cannot be liable for defamatory or obscene content posted by customers on registrars’ servers unless they participate in creating or developing the content. The Stop Enabling Sex Traffickers Act (SESTA) and Allow States and Victims to Fight Online Sex Trafficking Act of 2017 (FOSTA), which became effective in April 2018, amend certain portions of the CDA, which may limit the immunity previously available to us under the CDA. In the U.S., there have also been, and continue to be, various congressional and executive efforts to remove or restrict the scope of the protections available under Section 230, and courts likewise could narrow the scope of existing liability protections. If such changes occur, our current protections from liability for third-party content in the United States could decrease or change, potentially resulting in increased liability for third-party content and higher litigation costs. Such amendments to or reinterpretations of Section 230 could require significant changes to our products, business practices or operations. Any court ruling or other governmental action that imposes liability on providers of online services for the activities of their users and other third parties could harm our business. In such circumstances, we may also be subject to liability under applicable law in a way which may not be fully mitigated by the user terms of service we require our users to agree to. In addition, comparable legislation in Europe or other jurisdictions may conflict with U.S. statutes and case law, and we may not be able to benefit from safe harbors afforded by applicable law and may, in certain cases, be deemed non-compliant. Any liability attributed to us could adversely affect our brand, reputation, our ability to expand our user base and our financial position. Further, our indemnity from our registered users may also not be deemed valid in all jurisdictions or may not be fully effective as a matter of practice if any user does not have sufficient assets, insurance or other means to back that indemnity. In addition, rising concern about the use of the Internet for illegal conduct, such as the unauthorized dissemination of national security information, money laundering or supporting terrorist activities may in the future produce legislation or other governmental action that could require changes to our products, solutions or services, restrict or impose additional costs upon the conduct of our business or cause our registered users to abandon material aspects of our service. Any such adverse legal or regulatory developments could substantially harm our operating results and business.

We are accredited by ICANN as a domain name registrar. ICANN oversees a number of Internet related tasks, including managing the Domain Name System (DNS) the allocation of IP addresses, the accreditation of domain name registrars and registries and the definition and coordination of policy development for all of these functions.

Our ability to offer domain name registration is subject to our ongoing relationship with, and continued accreditation by, ICANN. Additionally, we continue to face the risks that:

•the terms of the Registrar Accreditation Agreement, or RAA, under which we are accredited as a registrar, could change in ways that are disadvantageous to us or under certain circumstances could be terminated by ICANN, thereby preventing us from operating our registrar service, or ICANN could adopt unilateral changes to the RAA that are unfavorable to us and inconsistent with our current or future plans, or that affect our competitive position;

•international regulatory or governing bodies, such as the International Telecommunications Union, a specialized agency of the United Nations, or the EU, may gain increased influence over the management and regulation of the domain name registration system, leading to increased regulation and oversight; and

•ICANN or any third-party registries may implement policy changes impacting our ability to operate as a domain name registrar.

Additionally, as a domain name registrar, we may become aware of disputes over ownership or control of user accounts, websites or domain names, and we could face potential liability for our role in the wrongful transfer of control or ownership of accounts, websites or domain names. We could also face potential liability for our failure to renew a user’s domain. The safeguards and procedures we have adopted may not be successful in protecting us against liability from such claims in the future.

Some of our business activities may be subject to various restrictions under U.S., Israeli and EU export controls and trade and economic sanctions laws.

In the United States, we may be subject to U.S. and other export control and trade and economic sanctions laws and regulations, including the Export Administration Regulations, or EAR, administered by the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security, or BIS, and the various sanctions programs administered by the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, or OFAC, or collectively, U.S. Trade Controls. U.S. Trade Controls may prohibit or restrict our ability to, directly or indirectly, conduct activities or dealings in countries or territories that are the target of comprehensive U.S. sanctions, or collectively, U.S. Sanctioned Countries, and with persons that are the target of U.S. Trade Controls-related prohibitions and restrictions. We endeavor to conduct our business in compliance with applicable U.S. Trade Controls, and have developed, implemented, and maintain policies and procedures designed to prevent unauthorized activities. However, we cannot guarantee that such protocols will be fully protective, and our failure to comply could result in adverse legal and business consequences, including civil or criminal penalties, government investigations, and reputational harm.

Russia’s annexation of Crimea, recognition of two separatist republics in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions of Ukraine and subsequent military action against Ukraine have led to sanctions and other measures being levied by the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom, Canada, Switzerland, Japan and other countries against Russia, Belarus, the Crimea Region of Ukraine, the so-called Donetsk People’s Republic, and the so-called Luhansk People’s Republic, including, among others, the agreement to remove certain Russian financial institutions from the SWIFT payment system, which can significantly hinder the ability to transfer funds in and out of Russia. As a result of the conflict in Ukraine, the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom, and other countries may implement additional sanctions, export-controls or other economic and other measures against Russia or other countries, regions, officials, individuals or industries in the respective territories. Such sanctions and other measures, as well as any potential responses from Russia or other countries to such sanctions, tensions and military actions, could adversely affect the global economy and financial markets, including heightened inflation, cyber disruptions or attacks, higher energy costs and higher supply chain costs, and could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In response to these events, we suspended our commercial activities in Russia until further notice. We have no way to predict the progress or outcome of the conflict in Ukraine or its impacts in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus or other countries as the conflict, and any resulting government reactions, are beyond our control. The extent and duration of the military action, sanctions and resulting market disruptions could be significant and could potentially have substantial impacts on the global economy and/or our business for an unknown period of time. Any of the above mentioned factors could affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Any such disruptions may also magnify the impact of other risks described on this Form 20-F.

The Israeli Trading with the Enemy Ordinance — 1939, or the Ordinance, prohibits any Israeli person from trading goods with enemy countries or with the residents of enemy countries. The Israeli Ministry of Finance, which is responsible for implementing the Ordinance, has currently determined enemy countries to be Iran, Lebanon and Syria (as well as Iraq which is temporarily exempt from the list), or Israeli Sanctioned Countries. The Ordinance was enacted in 1939 and does not expressly address online services. We therefore cannot state with certainty if or how the provisions of the Ordinance apply to the type of services that we provide.

Although the Ordinance allows Israeli persons to apply for a permit to trade with Israeli Sanctioned Countries or their residents, we are not aware of a permit being granted or denied in the past to a person providing the type of services that we provide.

We have ceased providing services to users with a GEOIP address in, or a top level domain of, a U.S. Sanctioned Country. Lebanon is the only Israeli Sanctioned Country that is not also a U.S. Sanctioned Country.

In addition, if it is determined by a competent court that sanctions under the Ordinance cover the type of services that we provide, then we, our officers and employees may be subject to criminal and/or civil actions.

The application of indirect taxes, such as sales tax, use tax, value-added tax, gross receipts tax, and digital services tax, to our business is an evolving issue that requires ongoing judgment to evaluate our applicable tax obligations. U.S. states are becoming increasingly aggressive in asserting a nexus for business activity tax purposes and imposing sales/use taxes on products and services provided over the Internet. We and our subsidiaries could be subject to U.S. state and local taxation if a state tax authority asserts that our activities or the activities of our subsidiaries give rise to a nexus. We and our subsidiaries could also be liable for the collection of U.S. state and local sales/use taxes if a state tax authority asserts that distribution of our products over the Internet is subject to sales/use taxes. Further, if a state tax authority asserts that distribution of our products or services is subject to such sales/use taxes, our premium subscribers could also be subject to sales/use taxes, including towards their users, which may decrease the likelihood that such registered users would purchase or continue to renew their premium subscriptions. Additionally, sales of our solutions subject to value-added tax, or VAT, at the applicable rate in each jurisdiction worldwide, may increase and cause either our prices to increase or our bookings and revenue to decline. Tax collection responsibility and the additional costs associated with indirect tax collection, remittance, and audit requirements, in addition to reporting requirements, could create additional tax exposure for us and additional burdens for our users. New obligations to collect or pay taxes of any kind could substantially increase our cost of doing business.

New income or other tax laws or regulations could be enacted at any time, which could adversely affect our business operations and financial performance. Further, existing tax laws and regulations could be interpreted, modified, or applied adversely to us. For example, the Inflation Reduction Act, which was enacted in the United States in 2022, introduced a 15% corporate minimum tax on certain U.S. corporations and a 1% excise tax on certain stock redemptions by U.S. corporations, which the U.S. Treasury indicated may also apply to certain stock redemptions by a foreign corporation funded by certain U.S. affiliates. Further, the U.S. government may continue to enact significant changes to the U.S. federal income taxation of business entities including, among others, an increase in the corporate income tax rate and the imposition of minimum taxes or surtaxes on certain types of income. The likelihood of these or other changes being enacted or implemented is unclear. We are currently unable to predict whether these or other changes will occur and, if so, the ultimate impact on our business. To the extent that such changes or the related uncertainty have a negative impact on us, our suppliers or our consumers, these changes may materially and adversely impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.

Furthermore, the base erosion and profit shifting, or BEPS, initiative undertaken by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, or OECD, which contemplates changes to numerous international tax principles, as well as national tax incentives, may have adverse consequences on our tax liabilities, including the country-by-country reporting, permanent establishment rules, transfer pricing rules, tax treaties and taxation of the digital economy. In January 2019, the OECD announced further work in continuation of the BEPS project, focusing on two pillars. Pillar One focused on the profit allocation of large multinational enterprises (with revenue in excess of Euro 20 Billion and profitability of at least 10%) among taxing jurisdictions based on a market-based concept rather than the historical “permanent establishment” concept. Pillar Two Global Anti-Base Erosion (GloBE) is focused on developing a global minimum tax rate of at least 15% applicable to in-scope multinational enterprises (with revenue in excess of €750 million). As of December 31, 2023 GloBE rules have been enacted (the legislation will be effective for the financial year beginning January 1, 2024) in certain jurisdictions in which we operate through local entities. Given these developments, it is generally expected that we will be subject to higher tax reporting requirements, which may adversely affect our effective tax rate or result in higher cash tax liabilities.

We are subject to income taxation in the United States, Israel and numerous other jurisdictions. Our provision for income taxes could be adversely affected by many factors, including, among other things, changes to our operating structure, including a review of our IP structure, changes in the amounts of earnings in jurisdictions with different statutory tax rates, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities and changes in tax laws. Significant judgment is required to determine the recognition and measurement attributes prescribed in Accounting Standards Codification 740-10-25 (“ASC 740-10-25”). ASC 740-10-25 applies to all income tax positions, including the potential recovery of previously paid taxes, which if settled unfavorably could adversely impact our provision for income taxes.

We are also subject to the regular examination of our income tax returns by the Israeli Tax Authority, the U.S. Internal Revenue Service and other tax authorities in various jurisdictions. Tax authorities may disagree with our intercompany charges, cross-jurisdictional transfer pricing, IP structure or other matters and assess additional taxes. While we regularly assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes, there can be no assurance that the outcomes from these regular examinations will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows. Further, we may be audited in various jurisdictions, and such jurisdictions may assess additional taxes against us. The final determination of any tax audits or litigation could be materially different from our historical tax provisions and accruals, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or cash flows in the period or periods for which a determination is made.

Due to our global business, we may be subject to various anti-corruption, anti-bribery, and anti-money laundering laws. The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, or FCPA, the UK Bribery Act 2010, or UK Bribery Act, the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002, Chapter 9 (sub-chapter 5) of the Israeli Penal Law, 1977, the Israeli Prohibition on Money Laundering Law—2000 and similar anti-money-laundering and anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions generally prohibit companies, their employees, and their intermediaries from making improper payments to foreign government officials and other persons for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business, and from otherwise being involved in receiving and/or transferring the proceeds of criminal activities. In addition, companies are required to maintain records that accurately and fairly represent their transactions and have an adequate system of internal accounting controls. We operate in areas of the world that experience corruption, and, in certain circumstances, compliance with anti-bribery laws may conflict with local customs and practices. We operate in several countries and provide our services to users around the world, which geographically stretches our compliance obligations. In addition, changes in laws could result in increased regulatory requirements and compliance costs which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We cannot assure that our employees, including those engaged in sales activities, agents, partners, or third-party representatives will not engage in prohibited conduct and render us responsible under the FCPA, the UK Bribery Act or any similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions. If we are found to be in violation of the FCPA, the UK Bribery Act or other anti-bribery laws (either due to acts or inadvertence of our employees, agents, partners, or third-party representatives or due to the acts or inadvertence of others), we could be faced with whistleblower complaints, suffer criminal or civil penalties or other sanctions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows, financial condition, reputation and ability to win future business or maintain existing contracts.

Certain regulatory regimes, such as the Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003, or the CAN-SPAM Act, establish specific requirements for commercial email messages and specific penalties for the transmission of commercial email messages that are intended to deceive the recipient as to source or content, and obligates, among other things, the sender of commercial emails to provide recipients with the ability to opt out of receiving future commercial emails from the sender. In addition, certain states and foreign jurisdictions prohibit sending unsolicited emails unless the recipient has provided the sender with advance consent to receive such email. We may be found liable in the event we are deemed to have been non-compliant with any such requirements. Furthermore, the ability of our users to opt out from receiving commercial emails from us may decrease the effectiveness of our email marketing strategy and may subject us to legal exposure if we do not adequately honor the user’s opt out request.

Compliance with other consumer protection laws and regulations such as the Federal Restore Online Shoppers Confidence Act of 2010, or ROSCA, addressing disclosure requirements for subscription auto-renewals, refund policies and our terms of use, could increase our costs of doing business or subject our business to increased liability for non-compliance, and could materially harm our business and results of operations. We may also potentially be subject to further legal exposure in the event our users are non-compliant with any of the above laws, regulations and any regulatory and industry standards with respect to their users.

Our ordinary shares were first offered publicly in our initial public offering, or IPO, in November 2013, at a price of $16.50 per share, and have subsequently traded as high as $362.07 per share and as low as $14.28 per share through March 21, 2024. From January 1, 2023 through March 20, 2024, our ordinary shares traded as high as $145.79 per share and as low as $75.28 per share. In addition, the market price of our ordinary shares could be highly volatile and may fluctuate substantially as a result of many factors, some of which are beyond our control, including, but not limited to:

•actual or anticipated fluctuations in our and our competitors’ results of operations;

•variance in our and our competitors’ financial performance from the expectations of market analysts;

•announcements by us or our competitors or other global corporations of significant business developments, changes in service provider relationships, acquisitions or expansion plans;

•announcements of technological innovations by us or our competitors;

•changes in the prices of our solutions;

•developments concerning regulations that may impact our business, or our involvement in litigation, including regarding intellectual property rights;

•breaches of cyber security or privacy incidents, and the costs associated with any such incidents and remediation;

•our sale or purchase of ordinary shares or other securities in the future, or such sales or purchases by our significant shareholders, or executive officers or directors;

•market conditions in our industry;

•changes in key personnel;

•the trading volume of our ordinary shares;

•short selling activities;

•changes in the estimation of the future size and growth rate of our markets; and

•general economic and market conditions or other global circumstances beyond our control, such as elevated inflation, interest rates, instability of banking systems, the wars between Israel and Hamas (and any potential escalation of the conflict throughout the region) and between Ukraine and Russia or the effects of events such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

In addition, the stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. Broad market and industry factors may materially harm the market price of our ordinary shares, regardless of our operating performance. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against that company. If we were involved in any similar litigation we could incur substantial costs and our management’s attention and resources could be diverted.

We may release guidance in our quarterly earnings conference calls, quarterly earnings releases, analyst days or otherwise, based on predictions by management, which are necessarily speculative in nature. Our guidance, which may be multi-year in nature, may vary materially from actual results for a variety of reasons, including that our cash generation may be uneven across quarters.

If our revenue, bookings, free cash flow, or other operating results or profitability measures, or the rate of growth of such measures, fall below the expectations of our investors, or below any forecasts or guidance we may provide to the market, or if the forecasts we provide to the market are below the expectations of analysts or investors, the price of our ordinary shares could decline substantially. Such a stock price decline could occur even when we have met our own or other publicly stated revenue, bookings, free cash flow, or earnings forecasts. Our failure to meet our own or other publicly stated revenue, bookings, free cash flow or other forecasts, or even when we meet our own forecasts but fall short of securities analyst or investor expectations, could cause our stock price to decline and expose us to lawsuits, including securities class action suits. Such litigation could impose substantial costs and divert management's attention and resources.

In July 2023, our board of directors authorized a new repurchase program under which up to a total of $500 million was available to purchase our ordinary shares and/or Convertible Notes (representing up to 50% of the Company’s expected cumulative free cash flow through the end of 2025). The initial repurchases pursuant to the repurchase program, as authorized by our board of directors, and approved by the Israeli court in December 2023 for an amount of $300 million, provided the Company with the authority to make repurchases of $300 million of our ordinary shares and/or Convertible Notes through July 30, 2024. As of February 13, 2024, we completed the entirety of the $300 million court-approved repurchase amount. Our repurchase program was subsequently increased by the board of directors by an additional $25 million, leaving a total of $225 million remaining for repurchase under the Board approved program. The specific timing and amount of repurchases under the repurchase program for the remaining $225 million, will depend upon several factors, including market and business conditions, the trading price of our ordinary shares, and the nature of other investment opportunities. In addition, our ability to repurchase may be limited by law, regulatory authority or agreements with third parties.

Repurchases of our ordinary shares and/or Convertible Notes pursuant to our repurchase program could affect the market price of our ordinary shares or increase its volatility, and could potentially reduce the market liquidity for our ordinary shares. Additionally, our repurchase program could diminish our cash reserves, which may impact our ability to finance future growth and to pursue possible future strategic opportunities and acquisitions. There is no assurance that our repurchase program will enhance long-term shareholder value, and short-term share price fluctuations could reduce the repurchase program’s effectiveness.

If our existing shareholders, particularly our largest shareholders, our directors, their affiliates, or our executive officers, sell a substantial number of our ordinary shares in the public market, the market price of our ordinary shares could decrease significantly. This includes sales by our two largest shareholders who, as of February 29, 2024, beneficially owned approximately 19.2% of our ordinary shares. We cannot predict what effect, if any, future sales of our ordinary shares, or the availability of our ordinary shares for future sale, will have on the market price of our ordinary shares. Sales of substantial amounts of our ordinary shares in the public marketplace by us or these shareholders, or the perception that such sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price of our ordinary shares, may make it more difficult for investors to sell ordinary shares at a time and price which such investors deem appropriate, and could impair our future ability to obtain capital, especially through an offering of equity securities.

As of February 29, 2024, 7,824,654 ordinary shares are subject to outstanding options, performance share units (“PSU”), and restricted share units (“RSU”), awards granted to employees and office holders under our share incentive plans, of which 3,586,715 are ordinary shares issuable under currently exercisable share options. Upon issuance, such shares may be freely sold in the public market, except for shares held by affiliates who have certain restrictions on their ability to sell.

In recent years, U.S. and non-U.S. companies listed on securities exchanges in the United States have been faced with governance-related demands from activist shareholders, unsolicited tender offers and proxy contests, as well as more recent requests with respect to ESG matters. Although as a foreign private issuer we are not subject to U.S. proxy rules, responding to any action of this type by activist shareholders could be costly and time-consuming, disrupting our operations and diverting the attention of management and our employees. Such activities could interfere with our ability to execute our long-term and short-term strategic plans. In addition, a proxy contest for the election of directors at our annual meeting would require us to incur significant legal fees and proxy solicitation expenses and require significant time and attention by management and our board of directors. The perceived uncertainties arising from such actions of activist shareholders also could affect the price of our securities.

As a foreign private issuer whose shares are listed on The NASDAQ Global Select Market, or NASDAQ, we are permitted to follow certain home country corporate governance practices instead of certain requirements of the rules of NASDAQ. We currently follow home country practice regarding quorum requirements, the distribution of annual and interim reports and the adoption or amendment of equity-based compensation plans. In the future we may elect to follow home country practice in Israel for other matters, such as the NASDAQ requirement to have separate executive sessions of independent directors without management present and the requirement to obtain shareholder approval for certain dilutive events (such as for issuances that will result in a change of control of the Company, certain transactions other than a public offering involving issuances of a 20% or more interest in the Company and certain acquisitions of the stock or assets of another company). Accordingly, our shareholders may not be afforded the same protection as provided under NASDAQ corporate governance rules. Following our home country governance practices as opposed to the requirements that would otherwise apply to a United States company listed on NASDAQ may provide less protection than is accorded to investors of U.S. domestic issuers. See Item 16G. “Corporate Governance.”

As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules and regulations under the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, related to the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and our officers, directors, and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. We are also exempt from Regulation FD, which prohibits issuers from making selective disclosures of material non-public information. In addition, we are not required under the Exchange Act to file annual, quarterly and current reports and financial statements with the SEC, as frequently or as promptly as domestic companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act.

In order to maintain our current status as a foreign private issuer, more than 50% of our outstanding voting securities must not be directly or indirectly owned by residents of the U.S., or we must not have any of the following: (i) a majority of our executive officers or directors being U.S. citizens or residents, (ii) more than 50% of our assets being located in the U.S., or (iii) our business being principally administered in the U.S. Although we have elected to comply with certain U.S. regulatory provisions, our loss of foreign private issuer status would make such provisions mandatory. In addition, if we were to no longer qualify as a foreign private issuer, the regulatory and compliance costs to us under U.S. securities laws as a U.S. domestic issuer may be significantly higher. If we did not qualify as a foreign private issuer, we would be required to file periodic reports and registration statements on U.S. domestic issuer forms with the SEC, which are more detailed and extensive than the forms available to a foreign private issuer, and we also could be required to modify certain of our policies to comply with good governance practices associated with U.S. domestic issuers, which would involve additional costs. The loss of foreign private issuer status could eliminate our ability to rely upon exemptions from certain NASDAQ corporate governance requirements that are available to foreign private issuers.

If a United States person is treated as owning (directly, indirectly or constructively through the ownership of our Convertible Notes) at least 10% of the value or voting power of our shares, such person may be treated as a “United States shareholder” with respect to each “controlled foreign corporation” in our group (if any). Because our group includes one or more U.S. subsidiaries, certain of our non-U.S. subsidiaries could be treated as controlled foreign corporations regardless of whether we are treated as a controlled foreign corporation. A United States shareholder of a controlled foreign corporation may be required to report annually and include in its U.S. taxable income its pro rata share of the controlled foreign corporation’s “Subpart F income,” “global intangible low-taxed income” and investments in U.S. property, regardless of whether the controlled foreign corporation makes any distributions. An individual that is a United States shareholder with respect to a controlled foreign corporation generally would not be allowed certain tax deductions or foreign tax credits that would be allowed to a United States shareholder that is a U.S. corporation. Failure to comply with these reporting obligations may subject you to significant monetary penalties and may prevent the statute of limitations with respect to your U.S. federal income tax return for the year for which reporting was due from starting. We cannot provide any assurances that we will assist investors in determining whether any of our non-U.S. subsidiaries are treated as a controlled foreign corporation or whether such investor is treated as a United States shareholder with respect to any of such controlled foreign corporations or furnish to any United States shareholders information that may be necessary to comply with the aforementioned reporting and tax paying obligations. The U.S. Internal Revenue Service has provided limited guidance on situations in which investors may rely on publicly available information to comply with their reporting and tax paying obligations with respect to foreign-controlled controlled foreign corporations. A United States investor should consult its advisors regarding the potential application of these rules to an investment in our ordinary shares.

We would be classified as a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for any taxable year if, after the application of certain look-through rules, either: (i) 75% or more of our gross income for such year is “passive income” (as defined in the relevant provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code), or (ii) 50% or more of the value of our assets (determined on the basis of a quarterly average) during such year is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income. Based on the trading price of our ordinary shares and the composition of our income, assets, and operations, we do not expect to be treated as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for the taxable year that ended on December 31, 2023, and we do not expect to be treated as a PFIC for our current taxable year. However, this is a factual determination that must be made annually after the close of each taxable year. Moreover, the value of our assets for purposes of the PFIC determination generally will be determined by reference to the trading price of our ordinary shares, which could fluctuate significantly. Therefore, there can be no assurance that we will not be classified as a PFIC in any taxable year. Certain adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences could apply to a U.S. Holder (as defined in Item 10.E. below) if we are treated as a PFIC for any taxable year during which such U.S. Holder holds our ordinary shares. Accordingly, each U.S. Holder of our ordinary shares should consult its own tax advisor as to the potential effects of the PFIC rules. See Item 10.E. “Additional Information—Taxation—United States Federal Income Tax Considerations.”

Provisions of Israeli law and our articles of association could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control and may make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us or our shareholders to elect different individuals to our board of directors, even if doing so would be considered to be beneficial by some of our shareholders, and may limit the price that investors may be willing to pay in the future for our ordinary shares. Among other things:

•Israeli corporate law regulates mergers and requires that a tender offer be effected when more than a specified percentage of shares in a company are purchased;

•Israeli corporate law does not allow public companies to adopt shareholder resolutions by written consent, thereby requiring all shareholder actions to be taken at a general meeting of shareholders;

•our articles of association divide our directors into three classes, each of which is elected once every three years;

•our articles of association generally require a vote of the holders of a majority of our outstanding ordinary shares entitled to vote at a general meeting of shareholders and voting in person or by proxy at the meeting, and the amendment of a limited number of provisions, such as the provision dividing our directors into three classes or the removal of a director, requires a vote of the holders of 662/3% of our outstanding ordinary shares entitled to vote at a general meeting and voting in person or by proxy at the meeting;

•our articles of association require that director vacancies may only be filled by our board of directors; and

•our articles of association prevent “business combinations” with “interested shareholders” for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested shareholder, unless the business combination is approved in accordance with our articles of association by a general meeting of our shareholders or satisfies other requirements specified in our articles of association.

Further, Israeli tax considerations may make potential transactions undesirable to us or to some of our shareholders whose country of residence does not have a tax treaty with Israel granting tax relief to such shareholders from Israeli tax. With respect to mergers, Israeli tax law allows for tax deferral in certain circumstances but makes the deferral contingent on the fulfillment of numerous conditions, including a holding period of two years from the date of the transaction during which certain sales and dispositions of shares of the participating companies are restricted. Moreover, with respect to certain share swap transactions, the tax deferral is limited in time, and when such time expires, the tax becomes payable even if no actual disposition of the shares has occurred. See Item 10.B. “Additional Information—Memorandum and Articles of Association.”

We are incorporated under Israeli law and our principal executive offices are located in Israel. Accordingly, political, economic and military conditions in Israel directly affect our business. Since the State of Israel was established, a number of armed conflicts have occurred between Israel and its Arab neighbors. In recent years, these have included sporadic hostilities between Israel and Hezbollah in Lebanon and Hamas in the Gaza strip, both of which resulted in rockets being fired into Israel, causing casualties and disruption of economic activities.

On October 7, 2023, Hamas terrorists infiltrated Israel’s southern border from the Gaza Strip and conducted a series of attacks on civilian and military targets. Hamas also launched extensive rocket attacks on Israeli population and industrial centers located along Israel’s border with the Gaza Strip and in other areas within the State of Israel. These attacks resulted in extensive deaths, injuries and kidnapping of civilians and soldiers. Following the attack, Israel’s security cabinet declared war against Hamas, and a military campaign against Hamas commenced in parallel to continued rocket and terror attacks by Hamas. Following the attack by Hamas on Israel’s southern border, Hezbollah in Lebanon has also launched missile, rocket, and shooting attacks against Israeli military sites, troops, and Israeli towns in northern Israel. In response to these attacks, the Israeli army has carried out a number of targeted strikes on sites belonging to Hezbollah in southern Lebanon. Furthermore, following Hamas’ attack on Israel and Israel’s security cabinet declaration of war against Hamas, the Houthi movement, which controls parts of Yemen, launched a number of attacks on marine vessels traversing the Red Sea, which marine vessels were thought to either be in route towards Israel or to be partly owned by Israeli businessmen. It is possible that other terrorist organizations, including Palestinian military organizations in the West Bank, as well as other hostile countries, such as Iran, will join the hostilities.

The intensity and duration of Israel’s current war against Hamas is difficult to predict, as are such war’s economic implications on our business and operations and on Israel's economy in general. The ongoing conflict is rapidly evolving and developing, and could disrupt our business and operations.

Israeli civilians continue to be the target of terrorist threats. In addition, Israel faces threats from more distant neighbors, in particular, Iran which has threatened to attack Israel, may be developing nuclear weapons and has targeted cyber-attacks against Israeli entities. In the event that the situation escalates into a greater regional conflict or our facilities are damaged as a result of hostile actions, or hostilities otherwise disrupt our ongoing operations, our ability to provide services could be materially and adversely affected. Our commercial insurance does not cover direct losses that may occur as a result of events associated with the security situation in the Middle East, such as damages to our facilities resulting in disruption of our operations. Although the Israeli government currently covers the reinstatement value of direct damages that are caused by terrorist attacks or acts of war, we cannot assure you that this government coverage will be maintained or will be adequate in the event we submit a claim.

The intensity and duration of Israel’s current war against Hamas (or a broader regional conflict) is difficult to predict, as well as such war’s economic implications on Israel’s economy in general. These events may be intertwined with wider macroeconomic indications of a deterioration of Israel’s economic standing that may involve a downgrade in Israel’s credit rating by rating agencies (such as the recent downgrade by Moody’s of its credit rating of Israel from A1 to A2, as well as the downgrade of its outlook rating from “stable” to “negative”), which may have a material adverse effect on the Company and its ability to effectively conduct its operations.

Additionally, a number of countries, principally in the Middle East, still restrict doing business with Israel and Israeli companies, and additional countries may impose restrictions on doing business with Israel and Israeli companies if hostilities in Israel or political instability in the region continue or increase, including as a result of the war with Hamas which may further agitate the current hostilities. These restrictions may significantly limit our ability to distribute our products to users in these countries or establish distributor relationships with companies operating in these regions. In addition, there have been increased efforts by activists to cause companies and consumers to boycott Israeli goods based on Israeli government policies. Such actions, particularly if they become more widespread, may adversely impact our ability to sell our products. Any hostilities involving Israel or the interruption or curtailment of trade between Israel and its present trading partners, or significant downturn in the economic or financial condition of Israel, could adversely affect our operations, cause our revenues to decrease and adversely affect the share price of publicly traded companies having operations in Israel, such as us. Moreover, individuals in certain geographical regions may refrain from doing business with Israel and Israeli companies as a result of their objection to Israeli foreign or domestic policies. We may also continue to be targeted by cyber-terrorists because of being an Israeli company.

Finally, the current Israeli government has recently pursued extensive changes to Israel’s judicial system. In response to the foregoing developments, certain individuals, organizations and institutions, both within and outside of Israel, have indicated that such proposed changes, if adopted, may cause a downgrade to Israel’s sovereign credit rating, increased interest rates, currency fluctuations, inflation, volatility in the securities market, decrease in foreign investors’ willingness to invest in Israel and generally lead to a deterioration of Israel’s international standing in the global capital markets as a vibrant democracy. Such proposed changes may also lead to political instability or civil unrest. To date, these initiatives have been substantially put on hold. However, if these initiatives are reinstated, and any of the foregoing risks were to materialize, it may have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and ability to raise additional funds, if deemed necessary by our management and board of directors.

As of December 31, 2023, we had 3,059 employees based in Israel. Our employees in Israel, including executive officers, may generally be called upon to perform up to 56 days per each three-year period, (in some cases more, e.g. military officers may be called to serve up to 84 days per each three-year period) of military reserve duty until they reach the age of 40 (and in some cases, depending on their certain military profession up to the age of 45 or even 49) and, in emergency circumstances, could be called to immediate and unlimited active duty (however, this would need to be approved by the Israeli government).

Since the war with Hamas began on October 7, 2023, the Israel Defense Force (IDF) has called up several hundred thousand of its reserve forces to serve. Certain of our employees (including key employees) and/or their family members were called to active military reserve duty. The ongoing war and possibility of escalation may require a more significant number of our Israeli employees to serve in active reserve duty, as a result our operations could be disrupted for extended periods of time. Such disruptions in the future could materially adversely affect our business and results of operations, especially if we are unable to replace these key employees with other personnel qualified in information technology and data optimization.

The Israeli Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959, referred to as the Investment Law, was amended as part of the Economic Efficiency Law that became effective on January 1, 2017, or Amendment 73, under which a new incentive regime would apply to “Preferred Technological Enterprises” and “Special Preferred Technological Enterprises” that meet certain conditions stipulated under Amendment 73. Until December 31, 2021, we were eligible for certain tax benefits provided to “Beneficiary Enterprises” under the Investment Law. In January 2022, we notified the Israeli Tax Authority that we waived our Beneficiary Enterprise status starting from the 2022 tax year and thereafter. In 2023, we did not utilize the tax benefits under the Investment Law, as we had carry forward losses for Israeli tax purposes. Once we generate taxable income in Israel, we are expected to be eligible for benefits as a “Preferred Technological Enterprise.” In order to be eligible for the tax benefits for “Preferred Technological Enterprises,” we must continue to meet certain conditions stipulated in the Investment Law and its regulations, as amended. Further, in the future these tax benefits may be reduced or discontinued. If these tax benefits are reduced, cancelled or discontinued, our Israeli taxable income would be subject to regular Israeli corporate tax rates. The standard corporate tax rate for Israeli companies is 23%. Additionally, if we increase our activities outside of Israel through acquisitions, for example, our expanded activities might not be eligible for inclusion in future Israeli tax benefit programs. See Item 10.E. “Additional Information—Taxation—Israeli Tax Considerations and Government Programs.”

We are incorporated in Israel. Only some of our directors and none of our executive officers are resident in the United States. Our independent registered public accounting firm is not a resident of the United States. Most of our assets and the assets of these persons are located outside the United States. Therefore, it may be difficult for an investor, or any other person or entity, to enforce a U.S. court judgment based upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us or any of these persons in a U.S. or Israeli court, or to effect service of process upon these persons in the United States. Additionally, it may be difficult for an investor, or any other person or entity, to assert a claim based on U.S. securities laws in original actions instituted in Israel. Israeli courts may refuse to hear a claim based on an alleged violation of U.S. securities laws on the grounds that Israel is not the most appropriate forum in which to bring such a claim. Even if an Israeli court agrees to hear a claim, it may determine that Israeli law and not U.S. law is applicable to the claim. If U.S. law is found to be applicable, the content of applicable U.S. law must be proved as a fact which can be a time-consuming and costly process. Certain matters of procedure will also be governed by Israeli law. There is little binding case law in Israel addressing the matters described above.

Since we are incorporated under Israeli law, the rights and responsibilities of our shareholders are governed by our articles of association and Israeli law. These rights and responsibilities differ in some material respects from the rights and responsibilities of shareholders of U.S. corporations. In particular, a shareholder of an Israeli company has a duty to act in good faith and in a customary manner in exercising its rights and performing its obligations towards the company and other shareholders and to refrain from abusing its power in the company, including, among other things, in voting at the general meeting of shareholders on certain matters, such as an amendment to the company’s articles of association, an increase of the company’s authorized share capital, a merger of the company and approval of related party transactions that require shareholder approval. A shareholder also has a general duty to refrain from discriminating against other shareholders. In addition, a controlling shareholder or a shareholder who knows that it possesses the power to determine the outcome of a shareholders’ vote or to appoint or prevent the appointment of an office holder in the company or has another power with respect to the company, has a duty to act in fairness towards the company. However, Israeli law does not define the substance of this duty of fairness. See Item 6.C. “Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Board Practices.” Some of the parameters and implications of the provisions that govern shareholder behavior have not been clearly determined. These provisions may be interpreted to impose additional obligations and liabilities on our shareholders that are not typically imposed on shareholders of United States corporations.

Additionally, the quorum requirements for meetings of our shareholders are lower than is customary for U.S. domestic issuers. As permitted under the Companies Law, pursuant to our articles of association, the quorum required for an ordinary meeting of shareholders will consist of at least two shareholders present in person, by proxy or by other voting instrument in accordance with the Companies Law, who hold at least 25% of our outstanding ordinary shares (and in an adjourned meeting, with some exceptions, any number of shareholders). For an adjourned meeting at which a quorum is not present, the meeting may generally proceed irrespective of the number of shareholders present at the end of half an hour following the time fixed for the meeting (unless the meeting was called pursuant to a request by our shareholders, in which case the quorum required is the number of shareholders required to call the meeting according to the Companies Law).

Wix was founded in late 2006 on the belief that the Internet should be accessible to everyone to develop, create and contribute. We are a leading, global, web development platform for millions of creators, delivering our solutions through a Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) model.  Since our founding, we have developed and launched multiple innovative products, services, and business solutions that empower any business, organization or brand worldwide to create, manage and grow a fully integrated and dynamic digital presence.

In November 2013, we listed our shares on the NASDAQ Global Market. We are a company limited by shares organized under the laws of the State of Israel. We are registered with the Israeli Registrar of Companies. Our registration number is 51-388117-7. Our principal executive offices are located at Wix Campus, Building B, 5th Floor, Tel Aviv 6936024, Israel, and our telephone number is +972 (3) 545-4900. Our website address is www.wix.com. We use our website as a means of disclosing material non-public information. Such disclosures will be included on our website in the “Investor Relations” sections. Accordingly, investors should monitor such sections of our website, in addition to following our press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute a part of this annual report and is not incorporated by reference herein. We have included our website address in this annual report solely for informational purposes. Our SEC filings are available to you on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. This site contains reports and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The information on that website is not part of this annual report and is not incorporated by reference herein. Our agent for service of process in the United States is Wix.com, Inc., located at 100 Gansevoort Street, New York, NY 10014, telephone number (707) 235-1726.

For a description of our principal capital expenditures and divestitures for the three years ended December 31, 2023, and for those currently in progress, see Item 5.B. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

We are a leading global cloud-based web development platform for millions of registered users and creators worldwide. Wix was founded on the belief that the Internet should be accessible to everyone and with the mission to enable anyone to express themselves online and for businesses and organizations to take their businesses, brands and workflows online to create and manage a fully integrated and dynamic digital presence. As of December 31, 2023, we empower approximately 263 million registered users worldwide who began the website building process with us. We have developed a software-driven solution to web development and management that provides a complete and powerful cloud-based platform of products and services, including an industry-leading suite of AI-powered web creation tools. We offer our solutions through a freemium SaaS business model (free and premium services), and as of December 31, 2023, we had approximately 6.3 million premium subscriptions. We also promote our services and solutions through our partners.

Our platform consists of two web creation products, with a different purpose or primary audience: Wix Editor, intended for full website creation targeted at users with basic, average or above average technological skills, and Wix Studio, intended for advanced users such as design agencies and professionals.

The Wix Editor is a drag-and-drop visual development and website editing environment complete with high quality templates, graphics, image galleries and fonts. With our platform, Wix registered users can create and manage a professional quality digital presence tailored to their business and brand’s specific look and feel and that is accessible across all major browsers and the most widely used desktop, tablet and mobile devices. Relaunched in July 2022, the current Wix Editor is a combination of our legacy Wix ADI and Wix Editor offerings and better personalizes the web creation process for each user’s intent. Legacy Wix ADI users now have the freedom of customization that the classic editor offers, and also have enhanced AI technology to help guide creation and design elements, along with more flexibility.

Introduced in August 2023, Wix Studio is a unified website and application development platform that enables the creation of advanced websites at scale. Wix Studio offers powerful design and layouting capabilities for complete design control, multi-site workflow management and other advanced capabilities, including a robust code environment with Wix online VS Code-based IDE and customizable applications. These features combined with tailored AI technology, including responsive design AI and an AI-powered code assistant, enable professionals and agencies to complete complex projects faster and more efficiently. Wix Studio represents an evolution from our previous professional level design product, Editor X, which we plan to sunset in 2024.

Through these two web creation products, users have access to our industry-leading suite of AI-powered web creation tools. Leveraging third-party models from OpenAI and others as well as Wix’s own proprietary algorithms, we offer a large and growing set of AI capabilities to simplify and improve the user experience. These tools include our AI Website Builder, a pioneer website generator that creates a ready-to-publish website, integrated with relevant business applications, from a short conversational AI chat with users; AI Text Creator, which creates customizable AI-generated text and professional website content; AI Image Creator, a text to image generator; AI Logo Maker, which allows users to generate and print a customizable, high-resolution logo in minutes using AI; Alternative Layouts, which provides users the ability to redesign parts of their website and change section layouts with a single click; and Conversational AI Chat for Business, which formulates tailored recommendations for the components of a business website from a few user prompts, among many other AI-enabled capabilities.

Our platform also includes a full-stack, no-code/low-code development environment called Velo by Wix, through which users can combine the products and solutions our platform offers with advanced developer capabilities to create content-rich websites and web applications. Velo by Wix provides the ability to use databases to manage content, application programming interfaces, or APIs, to connect with external services and the ability to expose the web application as an API, and custom code to create custom interactions. This may significantly reduce the need for developers and designers to juggle updating themes, hosts, content management systems (“CMSs”), plugins, content delivery networks (“CDNs”) and other third-party products.

We also offer several vertical-specific applications that business owners can use to operate mission critical aspects of their business online, such as selling goods, taking reservations and scheduling and confirming appointments. These applications provide our users with a custom front-end for users of their website, as well as a robust back-end management dashboard. We have developed these software applications for businesses in specific verticals, including retail and online stores, services, event planners and management, hotel and property management, fitness, music, photography and restaurants, among other verticals. These vertical applications are integrated into our website templates or can be installed on any existing website and set up with minimal effort by the user and without the need to write code.

We also offer a variety of additional products and services to further complement and enhance our users’ business or branding needs, most notably Payments by Wix, a payment platform that helps our users receive payments from their customers through their Wix website, and Paid Ad Campaigns, which allows businesses to run dynamic online ad campaigns on online ad platforms.

In addition, we provide a range of complementary services to address the needs of our users, including our App Market, which was launched in 2012 and offers our registered users the ability to easily install and uninstall a variety of free and paid web applications that we developed ourselves or identified and selected through third-party developers for inclusion in our App Market, based on user needs and demands. These web applications add functionality and are easily integrated into registered users’ websites with a few clicks, without the need for any coding, and include social plug-ins, online marketing and customer relationship management tools, contact forms and transactional and payment processing capabilities. Additional complementary services include, among others, the Wix Marketplace, an online marketplace which brings users seeking help with creating and managing a website together with talented web experts, the Wix Owner App, a native mobile application enabling users to manage their websites and Wix operating systems on the go and Branded App, which gives users the ability to create a fully branded native mobile application for their business.

Our cloud-based platform is accessed through a hosted environment, allowing our registered users to update their site and manage their business or organization at anytime from anywhere with an internet connection. We provide our users with flexibility and scalability, allowing them to expand their digital presence as their business, organizational, professional or individual needs change and grow.

Our scale and reach makes us an attractive partner for companies interested in distributing their own solutions to our audience. As we expand our platform through partnerships, we are able to increase our value proposition for existing users and more easily attract new users.

We are removing not only technological, but also geographic and linguistic barriers to web development, to empower almost anyone to create and manage a digital presence in their own language. We currently enable our users to create their online presence in any language and offer our platform in 21 languages — English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Russian, German, Japanese, Korean, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, Norwegian, Swedish, Danish, Czech, Traditional Chinese, Thai, Ukrainian, Vietnamese, and Indonesian.

As consumers have moved almost all forms of commerce online and onto mobile devices, businesses, organizations and professionals need not only a website, but also a dynamic digital presence with tools to manage interactions with customers, suppliers, partners and employees online and in real time. These interactions include back-end activities like invoicing, customer relationship management and payment processing, as well as front-end activities such as communications, online marketing, reservations and scheduling, and social media integration.

Use of dynamic web content and services for high-level customer engagement is becoming increasingly prolific. However, building this presence is becoming more challenging for businesses, organizations, professionals and individuals due to costs, time constraints, lack of skills and language barriers. The complexities of web creation and focus on design needs also create challenges for professionals who build web content, such as our partners. We believe there is a significant opportunity to provide an elegant cost-effective solution that caters to the accelerating demands of anyone who needs to create a dynamic, professional digital presence or application. Further, we also believe that there is a significant opportunity to provide solutions that help bring efficiencies to web development and further help businesses manage operations and grow online through vertical Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), marketing, mobile, customer management and communication products and tools.

Our web development technology is built based on HTML5 and offers HTML5 compatible capabilities, web design and layouting tools, domain hosting, and other marketing and work flow management applications and services. Our hosting ensures sites are up and running and requires no installation. We consider website security as one of our highest priorities and strive to offer multi-layered security processes and practices to keep websites safe and secure.

Our registered users receive access to hundreds of free design templates for personal and business use, free web hosting through a Wix domain, free usage of our full suite of AI tools, free access to our App Market, which offers a variety of free and paid applications, and blog and social network page support. The websites developed using our free product contain Wix advertisements in the footer and/or header, and tags, or metadata, which contain our name. Our name is also contained in the URL of the user’s website.

Our free product and service offerings include the following features and capabilities:

By registering with our service, our users gain free access to two different web creation products: Wix Editor, intended for users with basic, average, or above average technological capabilities, and Wix Studio, intended for professional level users, particularly web design agencies. These two creation products enable our users to design and manage as many websites as they choose to establish or enhance their digital presence. No installation of software is necessary to use these web editors, as our advanced editing and design platform is accessible through the cloud directly from our website. Both of our web editors allow registered users to optimize their existing Wix sites for viewing on mobile devices. Our mobile site technology is also based on HTML5 and allows registered users to customize their sites for different mobile devices, yet share design elements and all site data between the different variants. We do not currently charge for gaining access to a mobile presence through our platform.

Velo by Wix is a powerful no code/low code development platform that allows users to extend the functionality of their online presence. With Velo, creators, designers and developers can take advantage of a server-less development environment that features an array of advanced functions to create content-rich, custom websites and web applications. This innovative product combines our creation products — Wix Editor and Wix Studio — with a powerful set of development capabilities. Starting with our creation products, users can design a front end (client-side), then employ Velo developer tools to add advanced functionality and capabilities to the back end. Velo includes features that are built into the platform and do not require code for their implementation. Velo enables easier web application creation, providing the ability to use databases to manage content, APIs to connect with external services and the ability to expose the web application as an API. This significantly reduces the need for website managers to coordinate between updating themes, hosts, CMSs, plugins, CDNs and other third-party products. Velo provides an all-in-one platform, hosted on the Wix cloud, that allows users to spend their time on creation, rather than on complicated setup and maintenance. These capabilities are coupled with the Wix OS backend to manage all operational aspects of a website or application.

In September of 2022, we announced an integration with Git and Github. The Git integration enables developers to create and manage sites as a team, use any integrated development environment (IDE), integrate with CI/CD workflows and incorporate automated testing and verification tools. The Wix Git integration allows developers to work within a more stable and standard environment and provides more transparency to better mitigate problems.

In 2023, we introduced Wix AI Assistant, an intelligent coding companion built into the Wix IDE. It provides developers with real-time assistance, helping them write code, fix errors, discover features, and learn to use Wix APIs.

In addition to our creation products and development environment, multiple complementary products and services are available for users to create and manage their digital presence using Wix.

The Wix App Market is a marketplace that offers our registered users a large variety of free and paid web applications for building, growing, and managing their businesses. The web applications available in the App Market, which are developed by us, or by third-party developers, meet many of our users’ business needs in marketing, support, bookings, accounting, design, social and media apps, and more.

Wix Marketplace brings together our users, who are seeking help in creating and managing a website, and our users who are talented web designers or agencies and who can help the former to build and operate a website that fits their needs and brings their vision to life. Users can search through hundreds of talented professionals filtered by different criteria such as price, required professional service, and location, and explore their portfolios to find the pro who best meets their needs.

Our native mobile applications are available in iOS and Android. The Wix Owner mobile app allows users to fully manage their websites and Wix operating systems on the go and run their businesses, wherever they are, in real time. It is an interface that streamlines the day-to-day mobile management that businesses need to operate e-commerce, marketing, customer service, bookings and communications with customers and site visitors. We also offer Spaces by Wix, a dedicated mobile app that serves as an interface between the site owner and their customers. Spaces by Wix serves as a mobile native business front for buying products, ordering services, registering to attend events and more. Customers use Spaces by Wix to communicate with the business owner or between themselves as a community. Both apps are available for download for free in the Apple App Store and Google Play. In conjunction with the launch of Wix Studio, our cornerstone web and application development platform for professionals, we introduced the Wix Studio App this year. The Wix Studio mobile app allows agencies building on Studio to manage all of their sites, projects and clients on the go.

Our users have access to a set of tools to manage their site and business directly from a back-office dashboard that displays helpful information regarding the user’s site and business and data insights through Wix Analytics.

Wix Customer Care provides support and guidance to our users throughout the Wix platform. Users can find answers through our self-service offerings (our help center and AI chatbot) or engage with our Customer Care experts across multiple channels (calls, chat, or email).

We have a global department of Customer Care teams that are located across the United States (primarily in Cedar Rapids, Iowa as well as in San Francisco and Miami) and EMEA (Kyiv, Tel Aviv, and Dublin). In addition, we partner with offshore BPO (Business Process Outsourcing) teams in order to provide 24/7 coverage and ongoing support for most of our markets. We provide customized care in 12 languages.

Our experts use the Wix Answers platform to support our users. Our advanced Customer Care solution enables our experts to retrieve user details, see all previous interactions with Customer Care, and access useful information that can help resolve our users’ issues and assist them in achieving their online business goals.

Our experts are expected to resolve users’ issues and also encouraged to provide next-level service by using their vast knowledge and experience to provide meaningful suggestions that help steer our users to success. This approach is applied to all interactions with our users, both free and premium.

We also use data models developed by our team to identify and proactively contact new users so that we can help them set up and launch their online presence, as well as harness AI technology to improve the efficiency of our Customer Care capabilities.

Our premium subscriptions are purchased primarily by businesses, organizations and professionals in a variety of fields, such as art, finance, entertainment, music, photography, tourism, beauty, sports, food services, property management or publishing. Premium subscriptions may also be purchased by creators such as our partners that, in some cases, are engaged by their customers to build web content. The customers of our premium subscriptions are not concentrated in any particular field.

Our premium subscriptions offer all of the features of our creation products, use of the full suite of AI tools, Velo by Wix, and our other complementary products and services. Beginning in January 2023, our premium subscriptions also include top-requested business tools previously included with the purchase of an Ascend by Wix plan, such as social posts, promotional videos and invoice management. Premium subscriptions also include the ability to connect a custom domain name, which can be purchased and managed directly through the Wix platform or a third party, the removal of Wix branded ads on the site and some subscription levels provide the option to obtain custom reports generated through Wix Analytics. Our Business Elite premium subscriptions also offer priority level customer care.

In addition, users can purchase or use products and services to further manage and grow their online business on Wix:

Payments by Wix enables our users to accept payments for goods and services both online and in-person (through point of sale (“POS”)) from their customers, either from third-party payment processors or from Wix Payments, our proprietary fully integrated payments service. Users can select one or more payment methods available to appear on their checkout page, depending on their geographic location and type of goods and services they offer. Users must purchase a premium subscription to accept online payments.

Wix Payments allows users to set up and accept payments, in an automated and instant onboarding process made entirely within the Wix platform. Wix Payments also includes a dashboard to view history of online and in-person transactions, from sales to payouts, in a single place, solving a significant challenge with doing business online. Many types of businesses, including e-commerce retailers, service providers, musicians, photographers, hotels, restaurants, and many more are able to take advantage of the efficiency provided by Wix Payments. Wix Payments is currently active in Brazil, the U.S., Canada, the UK, and several European countries.

In January 2023, we introduced stand-alone packages of email marketing features to help users engage with their audience, convert leads and boost traffic. Email campaigns were previously part of Ascend by Wix subscriptions, which were discontinued in early 2023 as part of our ongoing efforts to provide industry-leading business solutions and services to all users.

Users can purchase email marketing packages on a monthly, yearly, or multi-year subscription basis, and can choose between various price points based on the number of email campaigns per month required. We also offer a free base package of limited email marketing capabilities.

A marketing tool that allows businesses to run dynamic online ad campaigns that reach customers they want to target on online ad platforms such as Facebook and Google.

Wix Logo Maker generates a customizable, high-resolution logo in minutes, including through the use of AI, providing users with a critical piece for building an online brand. Through Wix Logo Maker, users can design a stunning logo, get downloadable professional vector files in a variety of sizes and color formats, custom design and order business cards with their customized business logo, and build a website based on the styles and colors of their customized business logo.

We offer our users the ability to choose and connect their own domain name to their website to better enhance their brand, through third parties that offer domain names, or through our offering as an ICANN accredited domain name registrar. Domain names are offered as a stand-alone product, and also are included, on a limited basis, as part of our premium subscription offerings. Registered users without a premium subscription are assigned a domain name which includes the Wix site address.

We sell Google’s Google Workspace application as an integrated solution, which allows our users to create a personalized Gmail email address using their domain name, to enable them to send professional emails from their business address, create group mailing lists for sales, support, email marketing and more.

As part of our extended commerce offering, we offer Wix POS, an end-to-end omnichannel solution unifying online and in-person sales directly from the Wix platform. With Wix POS, customers who have an online store and a physical shop are able to manage their business easily while having a single product catalog, one inventory channel and a unified sales history.

We began providing our Stores and Bookings users a fully native solution to manage gift cards and customer re-engagement activities. Gift cards can be used by brands and businesses to attract new customers, increase purchase frequency and retain existing customers.

We offer a native mobile app builder that provides users with the ability to create and customize their own tailor-made application without a single line of code.

We offer a robust and comprehensive commerce platform for all types of business owners. As each business segment faces a unique set of challenges, we developed a commerce platform on top of which we offer tailored products and solutions to address specific business needs. This strategy allows us to build on this solid foundation by adding more layers and enhancements that cater to the specific needs of each industry and provides an easy and affordable way for these businesses to bring mission critical workflow online. Current vertical solutions that offer commerce functionality include Wix Stores, Wix Bookings, Wix Restaurants, Wix Events, Wix Fitness, Wix Hotels, Wix Music, Wix Showcase, Wix Video, Wix Blog, and Wix Forum. We intend to continue introducing additional solutions, once we are able to identify a need for such solutions, that are tailored to specific businesses.

Wix Stores is our e-commerce platform that offers merchants professional tools and services to establish, design, manage and grow their e-commerce business. The platform allows merchants to sell their products across various channels, including online stores, native mobile apps, physical point-of sale, external e-commerce marketplaces, and social media platforms. Wix Stores enables merchants to manage their e-commerce operations from end-to-end, covering activities such as sourcing products, managing inventory, accepting payments, fulfilling and shipping orders, and obtaining detailed analytics and reporting. Additionally, merchants can leverage a wide-spectrum of marketing and e-commerce tools to increase traffic, enhance customer engagement, boost sales, and grow their business. The platform also includes numerous integrated third-party-apps, and is built to be extended by both developers and merchants to further customize the solutions and create unique e-commerce experiences at scale.

Wix Bookings is an end-to-end online booking solution, giving businesses an easy and effective way to showcase their services and allow online scheduling of appointments, classes and courses, as well as manage their own schedule by synchronizing with their primary Apple Calendar, Microsoft Outlook, and Google Calendar, reducing no-shows by sending auto-reminder emails to customers, selling memberships and packages, and customizing products.

Wix Restaurants provides various solutions for restaurateurs, including Wix Restaurants Menus, Wix Restaurants Orders and Wix Restaurants Reservations. Wix Restaurants Menus enables restaurateurs to easily create a menu on their Wix website, using professionally created layouts offered on our site. Wix Restaurants Orders is an online ordering solution for restaurateurs enabling them to receive takeout and delivery orders through their desktop and mobile Wix websites and to consequently grow their business and maintain a direct relationship with their customers. Wix Restaurants Reservations allows restaurant owners to take online table reservations from their restaurant site and confirm and manage reservations via their Wix dashboard. Restaurant owners can also use the Dine by Wix mobile app to allow customers to easily interact with the restaurant and order food directly from a mobile device.

Wix Events is an application which enables users to create and manage their events on both desktop and mobile. Users can create their venue map, send invites, collect RSVPs, sell tickets and manage a guest list. Wix Events provides ready-made reports to track event sales to registrations. It can be used for conferences, meetups, concerts, shows, weddings, parties, and more. Users can use Wix Events to promote their events on social media and use third-party integrations for virtual events. We charge a commission from our Wix Events users on a portion of online sales of tickets sold through Wix Events.

Wix Fitness enables fitness instructors and studio owners to manage each aspect of their businesses from their website and the Wix Fit App. Fitness professionals can create a website using newly designed templates and customize the Wix Fit App, manage their calendars and classes, allow their customers to book classes, connect with their community, stream and sell videos, take payments and obtain analytics to help grow their business. Wix Fitness offers bookings, subscriptions, e-commerce including coupons, search-engine optimization (SEO) and email marketing, as well as a chat-centric interface that allows for real-time interactions with customers.

Wix Hotels, powered by HotelRunner, is a full suite of professional tools for every touchpoint needed to launch, manage, and grow a hospitality business of any size and maximize revenue. Wix Hotels offers a comprehensive booking engine that is fully integrated into a Wix website for hotels, B&Bs and vacation rentals, making it simple to build and maintain the room inventory complete with pricing, booking, reservation and payment management capabilities. Through their dashboards, hotel owners can easily add reservations made elsewhere and manage their entire room inventory in one place and accept and manage bookings that come through many online travel agencies and marketplaces.

Wix Music is a comprehensive solution for musicians and entertainers that includes an advanced music player, an easy-to-use digital asset management system, concert promotion and ticketing, fan management and communication tools and a range of specifically designed music website templates.

Wix Showcase is a comprehensive solution for creating and maintaining media online, from both desktop and mobile, comprised of (i) Wix Portfolio (ii) Wix Pro Gallery, and (iii) Wix Photo Albums. Our Wix Portfolio offering enables users to easily create professional online portfolios. Students and professionals in the arts, entertainment, science and technology, fashion, architecture and building and other industries can display their work online with uniquely designed and customizable layouts for project collections of all sizes.

In addition, users can sync existing portfolio projects created on external platforms. The Wix Pro Gallery provides designer-class tools to manage and showcase media online. From customizable layouts and professional settings to pixel perfect display controls, Wix Photo Albums gives users beautiful stand-alone albums for their client’s photos. Each album can be personalized with branding and shared directly with clients.

Wix Video allows our users to showcase, promote and sell videos on their Wix website. Users can create their own video channels, upload and stream videos in the highest quality, or easily add videos from YouTube, Vimeo and Facebook. Wix Video allows users to live stream and charge access for live events from desktop and mobile. Additional features include selling video downloads, customizable interactive cards placed on top of the videos, automatic sites for vloggers via Wix Editor and direct syndication of videos to YouTube and Facebook.

Wix Blog enables users to easily create a blog and grow an online community. Users can choose from several beautiful layouts with built-in social features. Readers can join the blog, create member profiles, follow posts, and comment with images and videos. In addition, users have the option to set up a paywall and charge for access to select content.

Wix Forms enables users to easily create forms to get subscribers, generate leads and collect the information they need. Users can choose from multiple templates, such as contract, subscription and payment forms, or create their own form from scratch, using a variety of form fields. Users can add their forms to their Wix website or create standalone forms to share with a unique link. After receiving submissions, users can view their data in an easy to read table or export it to view offline.

    Wix Forum enables users to create an online community directly on their Wix site. The Wix Forum users can become members, join conversations, follow posts, upload videos, write comments and more.  Users can choose from a variety of layouts and customize them to their needs. In addition, users have the option to set up a paywall and charge for access to select content.

We offer a comprehensive suite of AI- and genAI-powered web creation and business enablement tools, which are available to all of our users. Wix Artificial Design Intelligence (“ADI”), launched in 2016, was a first of its kind AI-based site creation platform and is now embedded directly into the Wix Editor. We have since developed and launched multiple products and solutions leveraging AI technology. We deploy over 200 AI and genAI models on our platform, both leveraging third-party models from OpenAI and other partners as well as our own proprietary algorithms. Harnessing AI technology simplifies the user experience and streamlines the website building process, allowing businesses to move online more quickly and easily. We also deploy AI models to improve our internal workflows and development velocity.

The AI Website Builder generates a fully tailor-made site created with a layout, theme, text, images and business solutions such as scheduling, eCommerce, event management, and more, after participating in an in-depth dialogue about their intent and goals with our AI chatbot. Users have the ability to refine and customize the site by regenerating it or changing its look, feel, structure and layout. Furthermore, users can seamlessly continue to edit their site in the Wix Editor. The websites created using the AI Website Builder are fully optimized with Wix's reliable infrastructure including security and performance, as well as built-in marketing, SEO, CRM & analytic tools.

The AI Text Creator is a designed specifically for website creation. Upon a user entering inputs about the desired text, the AI Text Creator creates custom content ranging from a catchy title to a product description of an eCommerce product listed on the website and other detailed text that is precisely formulated for the website.

The AI Image Generator generates high-quality, personalized image content quickly and cost-effectively. Upon the user providing a descriptive prompt about the desired image and the preferred image style, the AI Image Generator creates multiple versions of a custom image, ready to be added to the user’s website.

The Alternative Layouts tool gives users the ability to redesign parts of a website in a single click.

The Auto Background Removal and Auto Enhance tools allow users to refine photos and upgrade the quality of their photos to match the look and feel of a website more seamlessly.

The Auto-Generated Trailer tool quickly transforms a user’s video file into a professional-looking informational trailer for site visitors.

The AI Domain Generator automatically creates suggested customized relevant options for domain names from a series of short user prompts about the website, including business type and brand.

The AI Meta Tags Creator is a natively developed built-in SEO tool that enables users to instantly generate optimized tailored title tags and meta descriptions based on their page data and content. This tool allows users to generate and customize SEO-friendly tags that align to SEO best practices for each website page in real-time, enabling users to create search-optimized and customized content more efficiently and effectively.

The AI Chat Experience for Business actively collects information about a user’s business through in-depth human-like dialogue before formulating tailored recommendations for the essential components of an online business website, including website templates, commerce and other applications, images, tone preferences, text, and more. Alongside the conversation, a business profile is built categorizing and organizing all of the applications. Users are provided with a personalized dashboard where they can manage all of their site components as well as further adjust tools and design before publishing their site, helping businesses get online more quickly and efficiently.

The Product Recommendations tool enables eCommerce users to proactively predict their customers’ needs and suggest relevant items based on customer history, improving business success.

Wix Studio’s AI Code Assistant provides users working in the Wix Online VS Code-Based IDE with an AI-powered code assistant that helps developers write cleaner code and detect errors automatically.

Our selling and marketing efforts focus primarily on online and offline advertising, and on sales teams and account management teams focused on meeting the needs of our partners that may utilize our products and services for their own needs or to serve their own customers.

We market our solutions and applications to businesses, organizations, professionals and individuals, including entrepreneurs and freelancers, as well as through partners. We are able to attract a high volume of registered users, including those that purchase premium subscriptions, by offering free solutions and services, as well as upgrades and additional features and solutions that are offered under our premium subscriptions.

We engage in online and offline advertising, with a focus on acquiring new users to our platform, converting these users into purchasing premium subscriptions, and increasing our revenue from them by selling them our business solutions. A majority of our premium subscriptions are generated from traffic to our website, primarily through search engine optimization or direct traffic, meaning visitor traffic that reached our website, Wix.com, via unpaid search results or by typing the URL of our website in their browser. We also acquire a small amount of free traffic through our participation on social networking sites and the banner advertisements we place on our non-paying registered users’ websites. In order to increase our exposure and optimize organic, or free, search engine results, we constantly test our search engine optimization strategy to ensure that our website is relevant to those potential customers seeking web development and design products. Furthermore, we continually evaluate our marketing spending and its effectiveness and invest in those activities that are most likely to maximize our return by generating premium subscriptions which will drive high revenues.

In addition to our online and offline marketing activities to acquire new users, we also acquire new users by engaging with partners that sell our solutions to, or purchase our solutions on behalf of, their customers. We accomplish this outreach with our sales and account management teams as well as through marketing content, online communities and organized events and conferences.

We believe that our branding efforts have accounted for a significant portion of users who come directly to our website, through typing our URL directly into their browsers, or through searching for “Wix” or a term related to the establishment of a digital presence. We believe that these users are also attracted due to referrals from other users, and via word-of-mouth regarding our products and services. Our marketing acquisition strategy benefits from the brand we have built as a leading web development and design platform for businesses, organizations, professionals, and individuals and also benefits from our use of A/B testing on our website, a marketing approach that aims to identify changes to our website, which may increase or maximize user interest and acquisition. Our Design Studio team changes the layout of our website from time to time, and engages in A/B testing to determine which layouts and graphics are the most successful in maximizing user acquisition.

Beginning in the second half of 2022 and continuing through 2023, we adjusted our marketing approach to focus on higher-intent users. In doing so, we significantly reduced investment in acquisition marketing during this period, which meaningfully improved return on these investments, while new user cohort bookings increased during this period. We believe the driver of this success is the strength of our brand and further believe that our investments in building a global, scaled brand since our inception have made Wix synonymous with relevant general keywords on the internet.

Our marketing expenditures directed to advertising were $142.8 million in 2023, $224.3 million in 2022 and $284.5 million in 2021. Our marketing expenditures are primarily directed toward search engine advertising, advertising on social networks, video advertising and traditional media advertising.

We also maintain the Wix Affiliate Program, a program where our affiliates receive a commission for directing visitors to our website, by placing Wix ads on their personal websites. From time to time, we also hold webinars, promotional contests, user meet-ups and public relations events.

We also maintain an active online presence using social networking sites and web design influencers for our Wix Studio brand.

We have enhanced our sales efforts to attract partners, including to large and enterprise-level users, and to those who sell premium subscriptions and additional business solutions to their customers at scale. We have established dedicated sales, marketing, and customer success teams to facilitate the use of our services by these customer segments. In addition, we continuously develop back-office functionality required by our partners.

We further expect to retain premium subscriptions and maximize our revenue from partners by providing improved support to them, as well as account management and additional business solutions.

Once we attract visitors to our website, our preliminary goal is to register them as registered users. Once they are registered, we distribute marketing and promotional emails and support tools to help our registered users build their site. These materials are created by our Wix content team, which complements our marketing efforts by focusing on the consistency of our branding message online, in our in-person merchandise and at our community events. We constantly seek to generate premium subscriptions from our registered users and to maximize our revenue from such subscriptions by offering them enhanced functionalities through business solutions. Registered users who purchase premium subscriptions gain access to additional features based on the subscription they choose, which may include Wix ad removal, access to additional features in Wix Analytics, domain connectivity, e-commerce and payment solutions. We offer a 14-day refund to introduce registered users to these additional products and solutions. Registered users can choose between monthly, yearly or multi-year premium subscriptions, and, as of December 31, 2023, 84% of our premium subscriptions were for a one-year period or more and 16% were monthly. We seek to increase the number of premium yearly and multi-year subscriptions by offering seasonal promotions and discounts on these subscriptions. We also send emails to our yearly and multi-year premium subscribers, reminding them that their subscriptions are about to renew, as well as other discounts on products and services to maximize our revenue from such premium subscriptions. We seek to retain premium subscriptions by offering upgrades for our premium products and free and premium applications in our App Market.

We further retain premium subscriptions by developing relationships with subscribing users through our Customer Care team, with which we address our registered users’ technological needs and concerns. Through our Customer Care operations, we also help free registered users purchase premium subscriptions by providing guidance on integration of premium subscription features into existing websites created with our web editors, and we further help our users with premium subscriptions to discover additional business solutions to enhance their subscription and, as a result, their engagement in our platform. We seek to maintain goodwill with all of our registered users, and retain them as registered users, even if they do not choose to subscribe to, renew or enhance their premium subscriptions.

Our cloud-based platform provides our registered users with a suite of web design, development and workflow management products and applications, as well as hosting for our registered users’ sites. All of these tools are accessible directly through our platform. In order to enhance our suite of products, we also conduct product and quality assurance testing on new and existing technology integrated into our platform.

We use a flexible hybrid cloud, comprised of both cloud-based storage and data centers, to host our products and our applications, and the websites that our registered users create. We rely on collocated servers, cloud service providers and other third-party hardware and infrastructure to support our operations. Our primary data centers are located in two geographically separate locations in the United States, one located on the East coast and the other located on the West coast, each of which is capable of running individually, and we have additional CDN providers worldwide and a hosting data center in Europe to improve our performance and provide backup in case of failure of our primary data centers. The vast majority of our data is located in our primary data centers in the United States hosted by Amazon Web Services by Amazon.com, Inc. and Google, Inc., as well as by additional providers as required or for specific purposes, and we also use cloud storage from Google, Inc. and Amazon.com, Inc. Our network equipment is stored in servers leased from Equinix, Inc. To date, we have not experienced any material outages or service interruptions. This highly scalable multi-tenant technology infrastructure enables us to serve all of our users simultaneously and consistently, and scales based on overall traffic and capacity. As a result, our platform is not affected or slowed down by growth in the number of users whose data is stored in our cloud. Our cloud technology is also capable of full resource sharing, meaning that our registered users can access information via their individual website database easily over the Internet without the need for manual download, with content delivery provided by international cloud delivery network vendors. To further reduce the possibility that data of our registered users will be lost, and that our platform will not experience material downtime, we also use Google and Amazon cloud services as well as additional providers, to back up our users’ data. We apply industry standard data security measures to protect against potential vulnerabilities in our technology.

HTML5 is the latest and most advanced markup language available for structuring and presenting dynamic content on the Internet. Websites using HTML5 can seamlessly incorporate video, audio, fonts, graphics and animations. Because of these advanced capabilities, we use HTML5 as the basis for our products. We developed our HTML5-based technology by leveraging our many years of experience in developing web development and design tools.

Our style engine technology provides registered users with advanced customization capabilities, making all aspects of a registered user’s website customizable. Our technology, which uses dropdown lists and customized color palettes, allows the user to quickly brand or re-brand their website with just a few clicks in our editor. In one click, users can customize backgrounds, banners, buttons, fonts and font sizes using a dropdown list. Registered users can customize colors using a color palette. One click also allows a user to simultaneously apply all color and style changes to all elements on the user’s website. This type of customization is generally time-consuming and requires knowledge of advanced HTML5 and CSS3 coding skills. However, with our style engine technology, our registered users can change their websites’ style and branding in moments.

Our editors include the Wix Editor’s Smart Layout technology that offers both functionality and customization. Our technology provides for dynamic layout and content, meaning that no one component box on a registered user’s website is static or incapable of being moved to other areas of the user’s page. Component boxes added to our registered users’ websites identify the user’s site structure and automatically adapt to the size and style of other component boxes within the site. These capabilities allow the registered user full control over the layout of their website, allowing the user to create a design-rich, professional website. Through Wix Studio, which offers advanced design and layouting capabilities, we allow users and design professionals, through its wide, flexible canvas, to use modern CSS technologies to accurately scale proportionally elements at every viewpoint. Additionally, the Alternative Layout tool provided under our suite of AI technology gives users the ability to redesign the composition of their website in a single click.

We use a powerful software development kit, or SDK, with an API, which allows web solutions, applications and widgets to be seamlessly embedded into the websites designed by our registered users. Web solutions and applications are configured by third-party developers using a self-service system called Wix Developer Center. This technology allows the user to embed third-party applications or widgets, such as ratings, news and books into the user’s website by linking the application or widget’s URL to the user’s website. It also allows third-party service integrations that need to receive website events, such as order management and financial services. Most integrations are done using the Wix App Market, where the user can choose which web solutions or applications they would like to add to their website. The added application or widget may then be opened as a pop-up on the user’s website, which further adds to our editor’s dynamic layout capabilities. Furthermore, SEO used in connection with the user’s website will also attach to the embedded widget or application data, increasing the overall visibility of the user’s digital presence.

Our application development and data technology, Wix Databases, is a platform that allows our registered users and developers to create their own applications and work management tools, such as contact forms and FAQ lists. This platform uses our drag-and-drop, style engine and smart layout technology, so that the user or developer may create professional-looking applications and tools with customized styles, colors and layouts. The applications and tools created through Wix Databases can be fully integrated into our registered users’ websites through publishing on the Wix Editor platform.

Our operations, including marketing and delivery, are efficient since the vast majority of them are online-based and, as such, provide us with flexibility and scalability. Our hybrid cloud and content delivery network enables our registered users to purchase and use our products and services online, through our website. As a result of these efficiencies, we have built a large registered user base, while limiting the number of physical offices required for conducting our business. Our marketing and customer support operations are supported by online marketing tools such as CPC advertising, SEO and email distributions, and by customer support tools such as online forums and an advanced user self-service support system using online ticketing and a database of questions and answers.

We currently process all of the payments for use of our paid services using a billing system that enables our registered users to submit information of credit, debit card and other alternative payment methods for payment processing. This system interfaces with a number of different payment gateway providers who then link to payment card processors and/or acquiring banks, based on the registered user’s jurisdiction. With this system, we are not materially dependent on any single gateway provider or payment card processor in any of our main markets.

Our infrastructure includes servers and bandwidth capacity collocated from third parties located in the United States, as well as in Europe, and any other locations as required, including CDNs from Fastly, Google, and Amazon, and cloud storage from Google and Amazon as well as additional providers as required or for specific purposes. We mostly use third-party cloud services to run our research and development activities (such as Amazon, Google, GitHub and BuildKite) and to operate our office applications. Our use of servers in different locations to back up our registered users’ data and to serve our registered users, protects against accidental data loss and reduces disruption to our operations from server outages or physical damage to a server. We aim to maintain industry standard server operations, which will provide our growing registered user base with industry standard reliability to access our products and consistent service provisions.

As of December 31, 2023, we had 2,301 employees and contractors focused on research and development. Our research and development team, which also includes our design team and our quality assurance team, is comprised of individuals with experience in web development, AI technologies, design, data management and data analysis. Our principal research and development activities are conducted from our headquarters in Tel Aviv, Israel. We also engage teams of developers in Beer-Sheva and Haifa, Israel, Lithuania, Germany, the U.S., UK, Poland, Ireland, Brazil, the Netherlands, India, Japan, Australia, Canada, Mexico, and Ukraine to benefit from the significant pool of talent that is more readily available in those markets. As a result of the military invasion of Ukraine by Russian forces that began in February 2022, some of our Ukraine developers have relocated to other countries, primarily Poland, and some have relocated within Ukraine. Our research and development personnel focus primarily on enhancing our technology, improving our products, and developing new products and solutions, including AI.

Our research and development spending was $481.3 million in 2023, $482.9 million in 2022 and $424.9 million in 2021. We invest in research and development to enhance and expand our product and service offerings, tailor our marketing efforts, and expand our registered user base. Our development strategy is focused on identifying updates and enhanced features for our existing offerings, developing new offerings that are tailored to our registered users’ and our partners’ needs and often arise out of their suggestions, and improving the performance, resilience, and scalability of our platform. For this, we rely heavily on sophisticated tools, such as automated process systems which, for example, enable our registered users to request new product features and upgrades, which then enables us to quickly react to our registered users’ requests. We also engage in A/B testing to measure the effectiveness of our upgrades and new product features.

We aim to recruit talented individuals for our research and development team through a variety of techniques, including cooperation with local universities and recruiting events. We are a member of key industry organizations and regularly attend and participate in industry events, where our employees frequently speak. We also engage with potential talents by publishing professional blog posts, videos and research articles as well as hosting technology meet-ups in our headquarters and regional offices.

Our success depends, among other things, upon our ability to protect our core technology and intellectual property. We rely on a combination of patent, trademark, copyright, industrial design and trade secret laws, as well as licensing agreements and third-party nondisclosure and assignment agreements to protect our intellectual property and know-how. We have filed a number of patent applications and continue to file for patents to protect our inventions. We have pending patent applications in the United States as well as in several additional jurisdictions worldwide. We also have pending Patent Cooperation Treaty, or PCT, applications that may lead to additional patent applications. Certain of our applications have been accepted and patents were granted. However, we cannot be certain that all our applications will issue as patents or of the scope of protection any issued patent would provide. We actively monitor innovation within our company so as to properly consider whether to file additional patent applications. In addition, we have registered and filed a number of applications to register our copyrights, however, we do not seek to register the copyrights in all of our copyrightable works. We enter into confidentiality and proprietary rights agreements with our employees, consultants, business partners and other third parties to whom we may disclose confidential information, and we control access to and distribution of our proprietary information.

The Wix brand is central to our business strategy, and we believe that maintaining, protecting and enhancing the Wix brand is important to expanding our business. We have obtained trademark registrations in certain jurisdictions for trademarks that we consider material to the marketing of our products, including the WIX® mark and the Wix logo, as well as the Wix Studio® mark and logo. We also have trademark applications pending for additional marks that we use to identify certain product collections used for certain of our products. While we expect to submit additional trademark applications and expect our pending applications to mature into registrations, we cannot be certain that we will obtain such registrations.

We also began registering rights to our typeface font, MADEFOR, available in 10 weights and all the Latin languages in the U.S., EU, UK, and Brazil.

Our in-house know-how is an important element of our intellectual property. The development of our web development and design software and management of our data analysis and marketing programs, requires sophisticated coordination among many specialized employees. We believe that duplication of this coordination by competitors or individuals seeking to copy our software offering would be difficult. This risk is further mitigated by the fact that our product and service offerings are cloud-based such that most of the core technology operating on our systems is never directly exposed to our users or to our competitors.

We enable our registered users to create a customizable, fully integrated and professional digital presence through an attractive web-based software platform with various marketing and workflow management capabilities. We believe that the key competitive factors in our market include, simplicity and ease of use, product breadth, integration of multiple solutions, price, design quality, global scope, security and reliability and brand recognition and reputation.

We believe that we compete favorably on these factors because of the unique combination of our comprehensive suite of design and digital presence software, advanced technology and product integration, efficiencies in operations, brand recognition and marketing expertise, longstanding customer, designer and developer relationships, large user base, and track record of successfully attracting new users to our website and products.

The market for providing web-based website design and management software is evolving and highly fragmented today. We believe no provider currently offers a comprehensive, customizable, fully integrated workflow solution to create and manage a professional digital presence comparable to ours. However, some providers currently offer separate products or technologies that overlap with parts of our solution and could try to integrate these with other products to offer a more comprehensive solution in the future. Providers of these point products vary and include:

•DIY template-based and other website design companies that enable website creation such as Squarespace and Webflow;

•offerings that provide e-commerce software enabling a merchant to sell goods online such as Shopify and BigCommerce;

•software that enables a business to take and manage appointments and/or reservation schedules online, such as Mindbody;

•content management systems that help users build and manage content for a website such as WordPress.org and Drupal; and

•solutions that help businesses market themselves online such as search engine marketing, or SEM, and SEO providers, e-mail marketing solutions and online directory listing services.

Additionally, several large service companies that primarily offer domain registration and hosting services, such as GoDaddy provide the ability for a business owner to build a website using their tools or have one built by their workforce. Moreover, newly emerging technologies that utilize AI may also offer services that overlap with certain solutions we offer.

Underpinning our Company’s strategy is the belief that the internet is meant to be safe and accessible to all. Therefore, our platform is here to make a difference, to create a better world for everyone and to provide opportunities for any type of user or business, regardless of their size, age, economic status, skill level, location, vision or any other factor. To achieve this, we aim to create a culture in which any person can be successful, is treated equally and fairly and is a partner in the success of the Company, sharing in the responsibility of building and improving it, while being attentive to and supporting one another.

Our three core pillars that influence the specific ways in which we are making positive change in our communities and the key issues that we believe are important to our business and stakeholders:

We promote and support fair, accessible, social and economic opportunities in the professional services global market. We believe our services, the programs we support, and the partners with whom we work contribute to diminishing systemic and cultural biases, caused by age, gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion, and accessibility gaps, worldwide. We invest resources into data privacy and how we can protect our users by, among other things, building key infrastructures and policies to help safeguard the data on our platform and the privacy of our users. We are also committed to maintaining the integrity of the transactions performed on our platform.

Our People

We value and celebrate diversity within our community. Our work environment seeks to foster a culture where our employees feel empowered, challenged, and in possession of the tools to thrive at work and in their personal lives. We are continuously learning and looking at ways to continue to create an environment that is an inclusive place of work.

We believe personal and professional growth is imperative to the well-being of our employees. Such growth requires us to provide opportunities to acquire new skills and to develop through exploration, experience and learning. Our company and guild structure is one of the main tools that allows and encourages development. The guild enables knowledge sharing, promotes professional development and provides mentorship.

In addition, we provide learning and development programs and have multiple specialized teams focused on developing great learning and growth platforms for our people worldwide.

As part of our continued emphasis on satisfaction and retention, we have teams dedicated to supporting our employees’ physical and mental health. We offer well-being benefits (that may vary by location) like health insurance, fitness sessions and subsidized psychology sessions.

We actively encourage our people to support their local communities, and we recognize and respect our employees’ passions about engaging with their communities by creating initiatives like the “Wix Playground Academy” (a program hosted by Wix employees that helps young creatives looking to enrich their professional skill sets, interact with industry leaders and network with other designers), “Wix Karma” (a global initiative that gives our employees the opportunity to help others in any way they can), and “Wix Education” (a platform that provides teachers with a dedicated online system built for students, alongside curriculum and resources to teach web creation in the classroom).

Our Company

We recognize the importance of fighting climate change and our responsibility to make sustainable choices. While our environmental efforts are relatively new, we are developing a long-term plan, and we started with the way we built our new headquarters, which is LEED GOLD certified.

Our ESG reports that detail our philosophy and the various initiatives under each of the pillars above are available on our investor relations website at https://investors.wix.com/esg; neither the reports nor the content of our website are incorporated by reference into this Annual Report.

In many jurisdictions, including the United States and countries in Europe, laws relating to the liability of providers of online services for activities of their users and other third parties are evolving and are currently being tested by a number of claims, including actions based on defamation, breach of data protection and data privacy rights and other torts, unfair competition, copyright and trademark infringement, and other theories based on the nature and content of the materials searched, the ads posted, or the content uploaded by users.

In October 2022, the European Union published the Digital Services Act (DSA) in its Official Journal. The regulations create categories of service providers with different obligations and requirements, such as providers of intermediary services, hosting services, and online platforms. The majority of the substantive provisions of the DSA take effect between 2023 and 2024 and can impose content moderation obligations, notice obligations, advertising restrictions and other onerous requirements, including in some cases a requirement to publish the “average monthly active recipients of the service in EU, calculated as an average over the period of the past six months.” The DSA may increase our compliance costs, require changes to our processes, operations and business practices, which may adversely affect our ability to attract, retain and provide our services to customers, and may otherwise adversely affect our business, operations and financial condition. Failure to comply with the DSA can result in fines of up to 6% of total annual worldwide turnover, and recipients of services have the right to seek compensation from providers in respect of damage or loss suffered due to infringement by the provider to comply with the DSA. Similar legislation is being considered or is in process in other jurisdictions relevant to our business.

We hold certain personal information of our registered users, primarily, username, email address and billing details that are provided by our registered users and by our users who have purchased premium subscriptions, and may store certain personal information of the users of our registered users’ websites. We are subject to the data protection and storage laws of the State of Israel, as well as certain industry standards. In addition, we are subject to local data privacy legislation in the areas where we operate, including Europe and the U.S. We operate in accordance with the terms of our privacy policy and terms of use, which describe our practices concerning the use, transmission and disclosure of user data and personal information.

A number of legislative proposals pending before the U.S. Congress and various state legislative bodies, concerning data privacy and data protection, including changing regulatory guidelines and interpretations, could affect us and our business, our products and our services. Additionally, some states have passed proactive, as well as reactive, data privacy and information security legislation. More generally, some observers have noted that such legislation could mark the beginning of a trend toward more stringent United States federal privacy legislation, which could increase our potential liability and adversely affect our business. Regulatory enforcement actions and trends in consumer class actions against other online companies suggest a trend that regulators and judges may require such companies to adopt certain minimum data privacy protections and data security measures to protect personal information. The company has a dedicated team that implements relevant measures in relation to applicable data privacy and information security laws, and to assess the impact of other such laws that may apply to us in the future. The costs of compliance with these laws, best practices and regulatory guidance may increase in the future as a result of changes in regulatory guidelines and interpretation.

We are subject to the GDPR and to the UK GDPR, which impose a comprehensive and strict data protection compliance regime in relation to our collection, control, processing, sharing, disclosure and other use of data relating to an identifiable living individual (personal data of UK and EEA residents), including obligations in relation to data breaches, extensive data subject/individual rights, and restrictions on international transfers of personal data, as well as introducing significant fines and other penalties for breach. Additionally, the GDPR and UK GDPR have an extra-territorial effect and regulate the covered data processing activities of businesses regardless of their location or the locations of their servers. We are subject to the GDPR and the UK GDPR as a “controller” of certain information (primarily in relation to our users and our employees) and as a “processor” of certain other information (primarily personal data collected by our registered users themselves through the websites that we host for them). The GDPR and UK GDPR impose obligations on both controllers and, to a lesser extent, processors. Regulatory guidance and enforcement on the extent and application of these obligations is quickly evolving. The company has a dedicated team that seeks to take the necessary measures in order to maintain compliance with the GDPR, UK GDPR and other applicable data protection regulations.

We are also subject to EEA and UK privacy laws on cookies, web beacons and similar tracking technologies, and e-marketing, including obligations to, among other things, obtain consent to store information or access information already stored on an individual’s terminal equipment (e.g., computer or mobile device). Prior to providing such consent, individuals must receive clear and comprehensive information, in accordance with applicable laws.

In the United States, an executive order was issued in October 2023 on the Safe, Secure and Trustworthy Development and Use of AI, emphasizing the need for transparency, accountability and fairness in the development and use of AI. The order seeks to balance innovation with addressing risks associated with AI by providing guiding principles and priorities, such as ensuring that consumers are protected from fraud, discrimination and privacy risks related to AI. Legislation has also been promulgated on the state level. For example, the California Privacy Protection Agency is currently finalizing regulations under the CCPA regarding the use of automated decision making. In Europe, the European Commission proposed a regulation seeking to establish a comprehensive, risk-based governance framework for AI in the EU market, the EU AI Act, which was politically agreed to in December 2023, and was passed by the EU Parliament on March 13, 2023. The EU AI Act is intended to apply to companies that develop, use and/or provide AI in the EU and includes requirements around transparency, conformity assessments and monitoring, risk assessments, human oversight, security and accuracy and introduces significant fines for noncompliance.

Our principal facilities are located in Tel Aviv, Israel, and consist of approximately 80,000 square meters (approximately 861,112 square feet) in our new corporate headquarters. The lease for our new headquarters is for an initial period of 10 years commencing on the transfer of possession (which occurred on October 14, 2022), and we have the option to extend the lease period for additional periods of up to 15 years, subject to the conditions of the lease agreement. We began occupancy of the first stage of our new offices in October 2022, and the second stage on October 9, 2023. We also lease additional office space in Beer-Sheva, Israel totaling approximately 1,766 square meters (approximately 19,010 square feet) and in Haifa Israel totaling approximately 317 square meters (approximately 3,412 square feet). These facilities accommodate our principal executive, research and development, marketing, design, business development, human resources, finance, legal information technology, customer support and administrative activities.

In the United States, we maintain offices in New York City and Cedar Rapids, Iowa. In New York, we lease approximately 23,074 square feet under a lease that will expire in August 2029. In San Francisco, we hold a lease totaling 34,459 square feet until February 28, 2031. In Miami, we hold a lease totaling 44,743 square feet that expires in July 2032. In Cedar Rapids, we occupy a total of 13,679 square feet with a lease that expires in November 2025.

In Lithuania, we maintain offices in Vilnius; in Germany, we maintain an office in Berlin; in Ireland, we maintain an office in Dublin; in Brazil, we maintain an office in Santana de Parnaiba near the city of Sao Paulo; in Japan, we maintain an office in Tokyo; in Poland, we maintain an office in Krakow and Warsaw; and in Ukraine, we maintain offices in Kyiv, Lvov and in Dnipro.

See Item 8. “Financial Information—Consolidated Financial Statements and Other Financial Information—Legal proceedings.”

The legal name of our company is Wix.com Ltd., and we are organized under the laws of the State of Israel. We have 22 wholly owned subsidiaries: Wix.com Brasil Serviços De Internet Ltda. (Brazil), Wix.com, Inc. (Delaware, United States), Wix.com Luxemburg S.a.r.l (Luxemburg), Wix.com UAB (Lithuania), Wix Online Platform Limited (Ireland), Wix.com Services Mexico S de RL de C.V. (Mexico), Wix.Com Germany GmbH (Germany), Wix Com India Private Limited (India), Wix.com Colombia S.A.S. (Colombia), Wix.com Singapore Pte. Ltd. (Singapore), Wix.com Japan K.K. (Japan), Wix What Ltd. (Israel), Wix Procurement Ltd. (Israel) (in dissolution), Rise AI e-Commerce Solutions Ltd. (Israel), Done.cx Ltd. (Israel), Wix.com Ukraine Limited Liability Company (Ukraine), Wix.com (UK) Limited (United Kingdom), Wix.com Poland sp. z o.o. (Poland), Wix.com France SAS (France), Wix.com Australia Pty Ltd. (Australia), Polandix sp. z o.o. (Poland) and Wix.com Netherlands B.V. (Netherlands).

Our subsidiary Wix.com Inc. wholly owns InkFrog, Inc. (Arizona), SpeedeTab, Inc. (Delaware), Modalyst, Inc. (Delaware) and DeviantArt, Inc. (Delaware), which wholly owns Wix Payments Canada Inc. (Canada).

For a discussion of property, plants and equipment, see Item 4.B. “Information on the Company—Business Overview—Facilities.”

We are a leading, global web development platform for millions of creators, delivering our solutions through a Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) model. Our platform empowers users worldwide to create, manage, and grow a fully integrated and dynamic digital presence. We have developed a software-driven solution to web development and management by providing a complete and powerful, cloud-based platform of products and services on which any business, organization or brand can be built and managed online.

During our Analyst and Investor Day in August 2023, we presented a refreshed three-year financial plan and long-term financial framework (the “Three-Year Plan”) as well as an update on our product strategy, including generative AI plans and our new groundbreaking professional website development platform, Wix Studio. The Three-Year Plan detailed our expectations for achieving profitability targets, specifically increasing free cash flow margins and the path to positive GAAP net income, as well as introducing a board-approved share repurchase program through 2025. As of December 31, 2023, we exceeded the 2023 margin targets in our Three-Year Plan and achieved GAAP net income.

In 2023, we continued to benefit from the expansion of our product and service offerings as well as the expansion of our addressable market. Our total revenue in 2023 was $1.56 billion, an increase of 13% over 2022. Our Creative Subscriptions Revenue was $1.15 billion, which represented an increase of 11% from 2022. Our Business Solutions Revenue was $409.7 million in 2023, which represented an increase of 18% from 2022. See “How We Generate Revenues” below. Our Creative Subscriptions Revenue represented 74% of our total revenue in 2023, and our Business Solutions Revenue represented 26% of our total revenue in 2023. Our future growth will depend, in part, on our ability to generate new premium subscriptions, retain existing premium subscriptions, increase the adoption of our business solutions, and increase the revenue we generate from existing and new premium subscriptions, including from partners. It will also depend, in part, on our continued ability to manage our infrastructure effectively and adapt to changes to technologies used in our solutions, such as the use of AI.

In 2024, we expect to continue driving long-term growth by continued investment in our research and development efforts to expand our offering and enhance the user experience. We also expect to generate incremental profitability as we benefit from the many operational efficiencies implemented over the previous two years.

Our total revenues are comprised of Creative Subscriptions Revenues and Business Solutions Revenues.

We generate Creative Subscriptions Revenue from the sale of monthly, yearly and multi-year premium subscriptions for our website solutions, including vertical solutions when purchased in a bundled subscription, as well as from the sale of domain name registrations.

Our website solutions are offered through a freemium model in which users can register with an e-mail address and build, launch and manage a digital presence for free, for an unlimited amount of time. Premium subscription plans are offered for various periods, such as monthly, yearly, or multi-yearly, and at various price points depending on functionality and capabilities.

Users can also purchase a domain name registration from us, as an ICANN accredited domain registrar, or in our capacity as a domain reseller of third-party registration services, or independently. For those users who purchase a premium package, we typically offer a domain which is provided for free for the first year of subscription of the new domain. The domain can be registered under yearly or multi-year periods. We also offer another premium package under which a user may connect its existing domain to its Wix site.

Yearly and multi-year subscriptions provide benefits to our operating model because we are able to collect cash up front, increase overall retention rates and have greater visibility into revenues. We provide incentives to drive yearly and multi-year subscriptions, including a lower average monthly price relative to a monthly subscription. As of December 31, 2023, 84% of our overall premium subscriptions were yearly or multi-year subscriptions and 16% were monthly subscriptions.

To increase Creative Subscriptions Revenue, we focus on growing our registered user base by providing our registered users with a high-quality user experience and more products and solutions, including AI-enabled capabilities, so that they become more engaged in our platform, can create and complete the project they desire, and are therefore more inclined to purchase a premium subscription. We provide different pricing plans based on the needs of our users who are looking to purchase a premium subscription. In addition, we also focus on attracting new partners and maintaining our current partners, who use our platform to service their customers, by providing them with products and solutions suitable for their needs, including high quality products, such as our new website development platform for professionals, Wix Studio, personal account management services, and the ability to benefit from revenue sharing agreements with us.

We further focus on increasing the amount of bookings and revenue per subscription by adding features and functionality to our offerings, for which we can charge higher prices when we choose to do so, and by optimizing packaging and pricing by geographic region.

We generate Business Solutions Revenue from the sale of various products and services that we offer to help users and partners manage and grow their business online, on top of the Creative Subscriptions. These products and services include, among others, applications that are developed by us and by third parties and sold both through our App Market or elsewhere on our platform. Applications include Google Workspace, which is our most frequently sold application. Other components of Business Solutions Revenue include the sale of payments services through Payments by Wix, Paid Ad Campaigns, Wix Shipping powered by Shippo, Wix POS, Wix Logo Maker, DeviantArt, and other products.

We increase Business Solutions Revenue by offering additional business solutions to our users and partners to manage and grow their business online and be more successful. We believe the more products and services we can provide our users and partners, the more successful they can be online, driving higher retention and loyalty, and in turn our revenue.

The combination of growing our registered user base, growing and retaining our premium subscription user base and increasing the bookings and revenue we generate per premium subscription are all key factors to our success.

Our user acquisition strategy is based on the significant amounts of data that we have accumulated regarding the behavior of users that we acquire from different sources and the amount of bookings and revenue we generate through the sale of premium subscriptions and business solutions. We extrapolate from this historical user behavior data to predict future user behavior and make investment decisions regarding our marketing expenditures. In order to grow our registered user base and, in turn, our premium subscriptions and increase our revenue and bookings per premium subscription, we consider the time period over which we seek to return an amount of bookings equal to the marketing expenditures used to attract a specific group of registered users, which we refer to as a cohort, during a particular period. In order to achieve the targeted time for return on those marketing investments, we adjust the paid marketing channels that we use and the amounts that we pay to acquire new registered users in addition to considering those registered users that come from organic and direct sources. For example, we could pay a substantially identical amount to acquire fewer registered users that generate premium subscriptions at a higher rate, or that generate premium subscriptions at a lower rate but with a higher revenue or bookings per subscription, versus acquiring more registered users that generate premium subscriptions at a lower rate or with lower revenue or bookings per subscription.

In addition to our online and offline marketing activities to acquire new users, we also acquire new users by engaging with partners that use our platform for their own work and as resellers for their clients. We accomplish this outreach with our sales and account management teams, as well as through marketing content, online communities and organized events and conferences.

To track our growth, progress and execution of marketing efforts, including achievement of our targeted time for return on marketing investment, we regularly review the relationship between origination of our registered users, origination of our premium subscriptions and the amount of revenue and bookings we generate from these premium subscriptions.

We continuously evaluate and optimize our marketing investment strategy. In September 2022, we began reducing our investment in acquisition marketing channels, which meaningfully improved return on these investments, while new user cohort bookings increased. This continued through 2023, and, as a result, our investment in acquisition marketing decreased 36% year over year in 2023. Going forward, we expect to maintain this lower level of acquisition marketing spend, and we plan to gradually increase our investments in brand marketing, particularly around our partners and Wix Studio.

For a discussion of our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022, including a year-to-year comparison between 2022 and 2021, refer to Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 30, 2023. See Note 2 of our audited consolidated financial statements included in Item 18 of this annual report for additional details.

Sources of Revenues and Revenue Recognition

Our total revenues are comprised of revenues we generate from Creative Subscriptions and revenues we generate from Business Solutions.

We generate Creative Subscriptions Revenue from the sale of monthly, yearly and multi-year premium subscriptions for our website solutions.

Revenues from premium subscriptions are recognized ratably over the term of the service period. We offer new premium subscription packages for a 14-day refund period during which the registered user can cancel the subscription at any time and receive a full refund. We classify such amounts collected from new subscriptions as customer deposits until the end of the 14-day refund period. After the 14-day refund period has ended, we recognize premium subscription revenues ratably over the term of the service period, either monthly, annually or longer.

We also derive our Creative Subscriptions Revenue from selling domain name registrations. Revenues from domain name registrations accounted for approximately 5% of revenues in both 2023 and 2022. We recognize revenues from domain registration sales at a point of time upon collection. We do not offer trial periods for domain name registrations, unless required by applicable laws.

We generate Business Solutions Revenue from the sale of various products and services that we offer to help users manage and grow their business online. These products and services include, among others, applications, both sold through our App Market or elsewhere on our platform, Payments by Wix, and Wix Logo Maker.

Our Business Solutions Revenue in 2023 includes revenue that was generated by Payments by Wix. Revenues related to our Wix Payments product earned from processing payments are recognized at the time of the transaction, and fees are determined based in part on a percentage of the Gross Payment Volume (“GPV”) processed plus a per transaction fee, where applicable. In cases where a third-party provider is used as a payment method, we may also generate revenues from share arrangements which we have in place with such providers based on the GPV. We recognize transaction fees and revenue share as revenue upon collection, the majority of which we recognize on a gross basis.

In addition, our Business Solutions Revenue in 2023 includes revenue that was generated through the sale of applications. Google Workspace, which we sell as an integrated solution and which allows our users to create a personalized Gmail email address using their domain name, comprised the majority of application sales in 2023. Google Workspace subscriptions are sold on a monthly or yearly basis, and we recognize revenue ratably over the subscription period, on a gross basis.

Applications revenue is also generated by applications sold through our App Market by third-party developers for which we receive a portion of the sales price paid by our registered users. For applications developed by third-party application developers, we account for revenues on a net basis by recognizing only the commission we retain from each sale. We do not reflect in our financial statements the portion of the gross amount billed to registered users for applications that we remit to third-party application developers.

We also generate applications revenue from the sale of self-developed applications, and this revenue is recognized mainly over the service period.

The following table sets forth the geographic breakdown of revenues for the periods indicated:

The percentage of revenue that is derived from each geographic region is partly based on the amount of marketing investment we choose to make in specific countries. Revenue generated by geographic region are also influenced by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. Adoption of our solutions and services in geographic regions outside of North America is driven by our ability to offer our platform in local languages and offer local billing solutions. When introducing our products to new markets, we first focus on establishing an operational online billing system, if needed, prior to launching and investing in local marketing activities. We currently offer our platform in 21 languages: English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Russian, German, Japanese, Korean, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, Norwegian, Swedish, Danish, Czech, Traditional Chinese, Ukrainian, Thai, Vietnamese, and Indonesian. In an effort to localize our platforms, we have identified the need for local support.

Cost of Creative Subscriptions Revenue consists primarily of the allocation of costs associated with the provision of website creation and services, namely, bandwidth and hosting costs for our platform, and related Customer Care and call center costs along with domain name registration costs. Cost of Creative Subscriptions Revenue also consists of personnel and the related overhead costs, including share-based compensation. Our Cost of Creative Subscription revenue increased during 2023 due to an increase in the number of registered users and premium subscriptions, which requires additional hosting and bandwidth, and increased sales of domain registrations. We expect our cost of Creative Subscriptions Revenue to increase due to the increase in the number of registered users and premium subscriptions as well as increased sales of domain registrations - though at slower rates than in the last two years as we have reduced the headcount of our Customer Care organization.

Cost of Business Solutions Revenue consists primarily of the allocation of bandwidth, hosting and support costs associated with the provision of the components that comprise Business Solutions Revenue. Cost of Business Solutions Revenue also consists of revenue share payments according to our agreements with third-party providers, including Google for the Google Workspace application. It also includes costs that we incur when transactions are processed through Payments by Wix, such as credit card interchange and network fees (charged by credit card providers such as Visa, MasterCard and American Express) as well as third-party processing fees and additional services. We expect our cost of Business Solutions Revenue to increase as more users purchase these products and services and as a larger volume of payments are transacted through Payments by Wix.

Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel and the related overhead costs, including share-based compensation, related to our solutions and service development activities including new initiatives, quality assurance and other related development activities. We expect research and development costs and expenses to continue. We expect research and development costs and expenses to decrease as a percentage of revenues, however, we expect that they will continue to increase on an absolute basis as we develop new solutions and add functionalities to our existing solutions and services and expand our offerings, including other solutions such as those incorporating AI technologies.

Our primary operating expense is selling and marketing. A significant component of our selling and marketing expenses are user acquisition costs, which consist primarily of fees paid to third parties for our cost-per-click advertising, social networking and marketing campaigns and other media advertisements. We intend to continue our user acquisition efforts to drive revenue growth while focusing on our return-on-investment targets. In addition, we direct a significant portion of our marketing expenses towards branding activities and more traditional advertising. Other selling and marketing expenses also consist primarily of marketing personnel, including personnel who engage with our partners, and the related overhead costs, including share-based compensation for personnel engaged in sales, marketing, advertising and promotional activities. Our marketing expenses also include billing costs in connection with the processing fee of our bookings.

General and administrative expenses primarily consist of personnel and overhead related costs, including share-based compensation, for our executive, finance, human resources and administrative personnel. General and administrative expenses also include legal, accounting and other professional service fees, and other corporate expenses, as well as chargeback expenses related to Payments by Wix. We also incur costs associated with being a public company in the United States, including compliance under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and rules promulgated by the SEC and NASDAQ, and director and officer liability insurance.

Financial income (expenses), net consists of changes in the valuation of our holdings in public and private companies as well as interest income from investments in marketable securities and deposits. Financial income (expenses) also includes costs related to derivative instruments we enter into for foreign exchange transactions to hedge a portion of our payments in NIS and revenue transactions denominated in Euros, British pounds and other currencies, as well as income and expenses related to the change in the fair value of such derivative instruments. In addition, financial income (expenses), net includes the fluctuation in value due to foreign exchange differences between our monetary assets and liabilities denominated in NIS and other non-USD currencies.

Taxes on income consist mainly of deferred tax liability relating to appreciation of valuation related to our holdings in public and private companies. Taxes on income also includes taxes we pay or accrue due to our international activity. At the end of 2023, our net operating loss carry forwards for Israeli tax purposes amounted to approximately $90 million. After we utilize our net operating loss carry forwards, we are eligible for certain tax benefits in Israel under the Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959, or the Investment Law. Accordingly, if we generate taxable income in Israel, we expect our effective tax rate will be lower than the standard corporate tax rate for Israeli companies, which has been 23% since 2018. Through 2021, the Company was entitled to tax benefits pursuant to the current Beneficiary Enterprise program. In January 2022, we notified the Israeli Tax Authority that we waived our Beneficiary Enterprise status starting from the 2022 tax year and thereafter. We expect to be eligible for tax benefits as a Preferred Technological Enterprise. For more information regarding the tax benefits available to us, see Item 10.E. “Additional Information—Taxation.” Our taxable income generated outside of Israel or derived from other sources in Israel will be subject to the regular corporate tax rate.

The following table sets forth our results of operations in dollars and as a percentage of revenues for the periods indicated:

Revenue increased by $174 million, or 13%, from $1.39 billion in 2022 to $1.56 billion in 2023. Revenue growth this year was driven in part by solid performance in our Creative Subscriptions business as Creative Subscriptions ARR increased 10% year over year to $1.19 billion at the end of 2023, driven by the growth in the number of premium subscriptions from 6.07 million as of December 31, 2022 to 6.26 million as of December 31, 2023. The number of premium subscriptions continued to be favorably impacted by increasing availability of our new products and solutions as well as the efficiency in our marketing activity. Our Creative Subscriptions Revenue was $1.15 billion in 2023, which represented an increase of 11% from 2022. Our Business Solutions Revenue was $409.7 million in 2023, which represented an increase of 18% from 2022.

Bookings increased by 9%, from $1.47 billion in 2022 to $1.60 billion in 2023. The substantial majority of this increase was driven by the growth in the number of premium subscriptions as well as the amount of bookings we generated per premium subscription. Our Creative Subscriptions Bookings were $1.17 billion in 2023, which represented a 5% increase from 2022. Our Business Solutions Bookings were $422.7 million in 2023, which represented 21% growth over 2022.

Cost of Creative Subscriptions Revenue decreased by $36.1 million, or 14%, from $251.6 million in 2022 to $215.5 million in 2023. This decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease of $22.5 million in payroll expenses, consisting of $19.6 million due to lower average headcount throughout 2023 and $2.9 million in decreased share-based compensation expense. This decrease was also attributable to a decrease of $11.7 million in bandwidth and hosting costs and a decrease of $7.2 million related to allocated overhead expenses, partially offset by an increase of $4.4 million in domain name costs and an increase of $0.8 million in revenue-related costs.

Cost of Business Solutions Revenue increased by $22.4 million, or 8%, from $274.6 million in 2022 to $297.0 million in 2023. This increase was primarily attributable to an increase of $35.5 million in direct product related costs, partially offset by a decrease of $8.6 million in payroll expenses due to lower average headcount during the year, a decrease of $2.5 million in bandwidth and hosting costs and a decrease of $2.0 million related to allocated overhead expenses and other costs due to reduced activities.

Research and development expenses decreased by $1.6 million, or less than 1%, from $482.9 million in 2022 to $481.3 million in 2023. This decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease of $4.7 million in amortization and acquisition-related expenses, offset by an increase of $1.3 million in payroll expenses, consisting of $2.4 million due to higher average headcount to support our development plans, offset by a decrease of $1.1 million in decreased share-based compensation expense. Research and development expenses were also affected by an increase of $1.8 million related to allocated overhead expenses and other development costs.

Selling and marketing expenses decreased by $93.3 million, or 19%, from $492.9 million in 2022 to $399.6 million in 2023. The decrease was attributable to a decrease of $81.5 million in user acquisition costs and other marketing activities, from $224.3 million in 2022 to $142.8 million in 2023, the shift in our acquisition marketing strategy, and a decrease of $7.3 million in payroll expenses, consisting of a decrease of $9.9 million due to lower average headcount, offset by an increase of $2.6 million in share-based compensation expenses. In addition, the decrease in selling and marketing expenses was attributable to a decrease of $6.6 million related to allocated overhead expenses, offset by an increase of $2.1 million in processing costs paid to our payments processors.

General and administrative (“G&A”) expenses decreased by $11.0 million, or 6%, from $171.0 million in 2022 to $160.0 million in 2023. This decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease of $12.4 million in payroll expenses, consisting of $10.9 million in decreased share-based compensation expenses and a decrease of $1.6 million due to lower average headcount. The decrease in G&A expenses was partially offset by an increase of $1.4 million related to allocated overhead expenses and acquisition-related expenses.

Financial income, net in 2023 increased by $246.0 million from financial expense, net of $(183.5) million in 2022 to financial income, net of $62.5 million in 2023. Financial income, net in 2023 primarily related to $45.2 million of income from deposit interest and income of $30.6 million from evaluation of our holdings in a publicly held company, partially offset by financial expense of $7.0 million related to hedging activity. In addition we recorded financial expenses of $4.2 million from convertible loan amortization and $2.1 million due to exchange rate differences and bank charges. Financial expenses, net in 2022 primarily related to a $200.3 million decrease in the value of our holdings in a publicly held company, partially offset by financial income of $19.4 million from deposit interest and $9.7 million related to hedging activity. In addition, we recorded financial expenses of $5.2 million of convertible loan amortization and $7.1 million due to exchange rate differences and bank charges.

Taxes on income decreased by $47.7 million from a tax benefit of $43.0 million in 2022 to a tax expense of $4.7 million in 2023. The decrease in taxes on income in 2023 compared to 2022 is primarily attributable to the $26.5 million increase in the value of our holdings in a publicly held company, that resulted in a tax expense of $6.1 million, compared to a tax benefit of $46.1 million that we recorded in 2022 related to the decrease in value of our holdings in a publicly held company. In addition, we recorded a $5.7 million tax expense related to our local general activity and $5.0 million related to income tax expenses in other regions.

We monitor the following key operating and financial metrics to evaluate the growth of our business, measure the effectiveness of our marketing efforts, identify trends affecting our business, formulate financial projections and make strategic decisions.

Bookings is calculated by adding the change in deferred revenues and the change in unbilled contractual obligations we secure from partners for a particular period to revenues for the same period. Bookings include cash receipts for premium subscriptions purchased by registered users as well as cash we collect for business solutions. Unbilled contractual obligations are commitments of third parties to make certain payments, which are recognized as revenue as we fulfill our obligation under the terms of the contractual agreement. We believe that bookings is a leading indicator of our revenue growth and the growth of our overall business. Bookings is a non-GAAP financial measure.

The following tables reconcile bookings to revenue, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure, for the periods presented:

Creative Subscriptions Annualized Recurring Revenue (ARR) is calculated as Creative Subscriptions Monthly Recurring Revenue (MRR) multiplied by 12. Creative Subscriptions MRR is calculated as the total of (i) the total monthly revenue of all Creative Subscriptions in effect on the last day of the period, other than domain registrations; (ii) the average revenue per month from domain registrations multiplied by all registered domains in effect on the last day of the period; and (iii) monthly revenue from other partnership agreements including enterprise partners. We believe that ARR is a leading indicator of our anticipated Creative Subscription revenues as it captures both the growth we generate from the number of premium subscriptions as well as the amount of revenue we generate per premium subscription. Our Creative Subscriptions ARR increased to $1.19 billion in 2023 compared to $1.08 billion in 2022, an increase of 10%, driven by an increase in premium subscriptions and an increase in the revenue per premium subscription.

We define free cash flow as net cash provided by (used in) operating activities less capital expenditures. We believe that free cash flow is useful in evaluating our business because free cash flow reflects the cash surplus available or used to fund the expansion of our business after the payment of capital expenditures relating to the necessary components of ongoing operations. Capital expenditures consist primarily of investments in leasehold improvements for our office space and the purchase of computers and related equipment. Free cash flow is a non-GAAP financial measure.

The following tables reconcile free cash flow to net cash provided by operating activities, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure, for the periods presented:

We define this metric as the total number of users, who are registered with Wix.com with a unique e-mail address and begin the process of building a website on Wix.com at the end of the period. The length of time that users take following registration to design and publish a website varies significantly from hours to years, and many registered users never publish a website. We view the number of registered users at the end of a given period as the strength of our pipeline that can generate premium subscriptions over time and enable us to increase our revenues. Total registered users were 263.1 million at the end of 2023 compared to 243.4 million at the end of 2022, an increase of 8%. These numbers exclude users who use and/or purchase stand-alone products such as Wix Logo Maker and users of DeviantArt or other subsidiaries, until they begin the process of building a website with Wix.

We define this metric as the total monthly, yearly and multi-year premium subscriptions as of the end of the period. A premium subscription can be purchased by a user or by one of our partners for their own use or on behalf of a user. A single registered user can purchase multiple premium subscriptions. Because we derive the majority of our revenues and bookings from premium subscriptions, we believe that this is a key metric in understanding our growth. The total number of premium subscriptions is also impacted by the renewal rates of our existing premium subscriptions. Premium subscriptions terminate due to an active decision by a user not to renew their subscription, due to the failure of a user to update his or her credit card information upon expiration or termination, or any other failure to renew the subscription. Our renewal rates demonstrate our strong value proposition to our premium subscriptions. We observe the average renewal rates of the cohorts of our users with premium subscriptions to measure the effectiveness of our platform and satisfaction of our registered users. We believe that the performance of our Creative Subscriptions segment, which is mostly comprised of revenues generated from the sale and retention of premium subscriptions, is best reflected using the ARR metric that combines both the effect of our premium subscription growth and the growth of our revenues per subscription. Total premium subscriptions were 6.26 million as of December 31, 2023 compared to 6.07 million as of December 31, 2022, an increase of 3%.

We have financed our operations primarily through the proceeds from the issuance of our securities and cash flows from operations. In November 2013, we closed our IPO, resulting in net proceeds to us of approximately $93.6 million, and in June and July of 2018, we sold $442.75 million aggregate principal amount of our convertible senior notes due 2023 (all of which were redeemed as of December 31, 2023), and in August of 2020, we sold $575.0 million aggregate principal amount of our Convertible Notes due 2025.

As of December 31, 2023, we had $609.6 million of cash and cash equivalents and $212.7 million in short-term deposits with a maturity date of less than one year. In addition, we had $2.1 million as restricted deposits that consisted of restricted bank deposits for our leases and also deposits to secure our online merchant activity with one of our billing processors, and we had $205.4 million in short- and long-term investments in marketable securities.

A substantial source of our cash provided by operating activities is our cash collections from our premium subscriptions, a portion of which is reflected in our deferred revenues, which is included on our consolidated balance sheet as a liability. Deferred revenues consist primarily of the unrecognized portion of upfront payments from our premium subscriptions as well as domain name registration sales, and certain business solutions. We assess our liquidity, in part, through an analysis of the anticipated recognition of deferred revenues into revenues, together with our other sources of liquidity. As of December 31, 2023, we had positive working capital of $281.2 million, which included $592.6 million of short-term deferred revenues. These deferred revenues remain unrecognized generally for one to 12 months, and will be recognized as revenues ratably over the term of the service period when all of the revenue recognition criteria are met in accordance with our revenue recognition policy.

We believe our existing cash and cash equivalents, short-term deposits and marketable securities, and cash from operations will be sufficient to fund our operations and meet our requirements for at least the next 12 months and for the foreseeable future. For more information regarding our Three-Year Plan, see Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Process—Company Overview—Three-Year Financial Plan.”

Our capital expenditures for fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021 amounted to $66.0 million, $70.7 million and $37.7 million, respectively. We expect to spend between approximately $15 million to $20 million in 2024 for capital expenditures, which includes $8 million to $10 million for our new headquarters office space. In 2025, our Convertible Notes will mature, and, depending on the price of our ordinary shares, we may need to pay the principal amount in cash. Based on the Company’s current share price, we expect that we will be required to pay in cash the $575 million in principal amount of our Convertible Notes, which are due to mature in August. As of December 31, 2023, we had $575 million aggregate principal amount of our 2025 Convertible Notes outstanding. For information regarding our convertible notes, including their maturity profile and interest rate structure, see Note 10 of our audited consolidated financial statements included in Item 18 of this annual report.

As of December 31, 2023, our future capital and working capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our rate of revenue growth and the timing and extent of our spending on selling and marketing activities and research and development efforts. We will be required to pay taxes for capital gains from our holding in a publicly company. We may also seek to invest in or acquire complementary businesses or technologies. To the extent that existing cash and cash equivalents, short-term deposits and marketable securities, and cash from operations and net proceeds from the Convertible Notes are insufficient to fund our future activities, we may need to raise additional funding through debt and equity financing. Additional funds may not be available on favorable terms or at all.

As of December 31, 2023, we had a lease commitment of approximately $362 million over the course of 21 years related to our new headquarters offices in Tel Aviv. We began occupying a portion of our headquarters in October 2022 and took occupancy of the entire headquarters in October 2023. The initial term of the lease agreement is 10 years commencing on the transfer of possession with an option to extend the lease for additional periods of up to 15 years, subject to the conditions of the lease agreement. See the description of the lease agreement in Note 11 of the audited financial statements included in Item 18 of this Annual Report on Form 20-F.

We believe our levels of working capital are sufficient for our present requirements.

The following table presents the major components of net cash flows for the periods presented:

Net cash provided by operating activities increased by $211.1 million in 2023 compared to 2022, primarily resulting from decreases in our operating expenses. Our primary source of cash from operating activities has been cash collections from our premium subscriptions. Our primary uses of cash from operating activities have been selling and marketing expenses, personnel and related overhead costs and other costs related to the provision of our services. We expect cash inflows from operating activities to be affected by increases in sales and the timing of bookings. We expect cash outflows from operating activities to be affected by increases in marketing and increases in personnel costs as we grow our business.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, operating activities provided $248.2 million in cash, primarily resulting from increases of $76.2 million in short- and long-term deferred revenue balances due to an increase in bookings from our premium subscriptions, and $257.9 million as an adjustment of non-cash charges, primarily related to share-based compensation expenses, and from a decrease in the value of our investment in a publicly held company, depreciation, net income and amortization, partially offset by changes of $85.9 million in accrued expenses, prepaid expenses and other current liabilities.

For the year ended December 31, 2022, operating activities provided $37.2 million in cash, primarily resulting from increases of $55.4 million in short- and long-term deferred revenue balances due to an increase in bookings from our premium subscriptions and $465.3 million as an adjustment of non-cash charges, primarily related to share-based compensation expenses, and from a decrease in the value of our investment in a publicly held company, depreciation and amortization, partially offset by our net loss of $424.9 million and changes of $58.6 million in accrued expenses, prepaid expenses and other current liabilities.

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities was $566.7 million, $(54.7) million and $376.9 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Investing activities have consisted primarily of investment in deposits, investment and proceeds of restricted deposits, purchase of property and equipment and payments for investment in privately held companies. In addition, during 2023, the Company invested in marketable securities and generated proceeds from selling a portion of our holdings in a publicly held company.

Net cash used in financing activities was $(450.0) million, $(189.2) million and $(160.1) million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Financing activities in 2023 consisted primarily of partial repayment of our Convertible Notes of $(362.7) million and the purchase of treasury stock of $(127.0) million, partially offset by proceeds from the exercise of share options and Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) shares of $39.7 million.

We do not believe there are any legal or economic restrictions on the ability of our subsidiaries to transfer funds to us in the form of cash dividends, payments from customers, loans or advances.

Our research and development activities are primarily located in Israel, with additional employees and contractors engaged in research and development activities in Lithuania, the United States, Poland, India, Japan, Mexico, Canada, Australia, Ukraine, and Germany. As a result of the military invasion of Ukraine by Russian forces that began in February 2022, some of our Ukrainian team members have relocated to other countries, and some have relocated within Ukraine. Our research and development department is comprised of 2,301 employees and contractors. In 2023, research and development costs accounted for approximately 30.8% of our total revenues.

We employ a strategy of seeking patent protection for some of our technologies. We have filed a number of patent applications and continue to file for patents in the United States as well as in several additional jurisdictions worldwide to protect our inventions as well as PCT applications that may result in additional national applications. As of December 31, 2023, we have (together with our subsidiaries) a total of 253 issued patents (73 in the United States and 180 in other jurisdictions) and 204 pending patent applications (66 in the United States and 138 filed under PCT or in additional regions). We also have 14 issued design patents and 4 pending design patent applications. No patent or patent application is material to the overall conduct of our business. For a description of our research and development policies, see Item 4.B. “Information on the Company—Business Overview—Research and Development.”

The Investment and Development Authority for Economic and Industrial Development, or the Investment Authority, works to help and encourage employers to absorb new employees through different employment incentive programs. One of these programs is intended to incentivize employers in national priority areas to create high wage manufacturing and computing jobs. The grants are subject to meeting certain conditions, among others, that: (1) the company must be engaged in certain economic sectors; (2) the company's overall sales turnover in the two years preceding the application date must exceed NIS 15 million, which is approximately $4.6 million; (3) the company must hire at least 15 new employees during the program period; (4) the average monthly wage must be between one to two and a half times the median market wage to be paid during the periods as provided in each high wage employment program; and (5) 60% of the new employees engaged under the program must reside in Jerusalem and/or in national priority areas. We are not required to pay royalties to the Investment Authority.

We have two active high wage employment grant programs from the Investment Authority and may apply for additional grants in the future.

During 2023, we received grants from the Investment Authority for one program in the total amount of $0.33 million.

Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, including in Item 3.D. “Key Information—Risk Factors” and Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects,” we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the period since January 1, 2023, that are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our total revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that caused the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial condition.

Our accounting policies and their effect on our financial condition and results of operations are more fully described in our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report. We have prepared our financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which requires management to make estimates and assumptions that in certain circumstances affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. These estimates are prepared using our best judgment, after considering past and current events and economic conditions. While management believes the factors evaluated provide a meaningful basis for establishing and applying sound accounting policies, management cannot guarantee that the estimates will always be consistent with actual results. In addition, certain information relied upon by us in preparing such estimates includes internally generated financial and operating information, external market information, when available, and when necessary, information obtained from consultations with third parties. Actual results could differ from these estimates and could have a material adverse effect on our reported results.

We believe that the accounting policies discussed below are critical to our financial results and to the understanding of our past and future performance, as these policies involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and have had or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

Our total revenues are comprised of revenues we generate from Creative Subscriptions and from Business Solutions. Arrangements with our customers do not provide the customers with the right to take possession of the software supporting our platform at any time and are therefore accounted for as service contracts. Our revenue recognition policy is consistent for sales generated directly with end customers and indirect sales generated through partners.

We recognize revenue when control of the promised products or services is transferred to a customer, in an amount reflecting the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for these products or services. Revenue is recognized net of allowances for refunds, consideration payable to customers, and any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. Refunds are estimated at contract inception and updated at the end of each reporting period if additional information becomes available.

Our arrangements with customers may include multiple performance obligations. For arrangements with multiple distinct performance obligations, we allocate consideration to each distinct performance obligation based on its relative stand-alone selling price (SSP). We generally determine SSP based on observable selling prices.

We follow the guidance provided in ASC Topic 606, Revenues from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), for determining whether we are a principal (i.e., report revenues on a gross basis) or an agent (i.e., report revenues on a net basis) in arrangements with customers that involve another party that contributes to providing specified products or services to a customer. We determine whether the nature of our promise is a performance obligation to provide the specified products or services itself (as a principal) or to arrange for those specified products or services to be provided by another party (as an agent), based on whether we control the specified products or services before they are transferred to the end customer. In making this determination, we evaluate indicators such as which party is primarily responsible for fulfillment and has discretion in determining pricing. This determination is reviewed for each specified service promised to the customer and may involve significant judgment. Revenues generated from the sale of domain name registrations and the sale of certain integrated solutions, including Google Workspace and Wix Payments, are typically recorded on a gross basis, meaning the amounts billed to customers are recorded as revenues and expenses incurred are recorded as cost of revenues, since we have determined that we control the promised products or services before they are transferred to the end customer. Revenues generated from the sale of third-party software applications are typically recognized on a net basis, as we have determined that we act as an agent in these arrangements.

We account for business combinations in accordance with ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”). ASC 805 requires recognition of assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and any non-controlling interest at the acquisition date, measured at their fair values as of that date. Any excess of the fair value of net assets acquired over purchase price is allocated to goodwill. Upon the end of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever occurs earlier, any subsequent adjustments would be recorded in the statement of comprehensive income (loss). Acquisition-related costs are recognized separately from the business combination and are expensed as incurred.

____________

(1)    Member of our audit committee

(2)    Member of our compensation committee

(3)    Member of our nominating, governance and environmental committee

(4)    Independent director under the rules of NASDAQ

(5)    Lead independent director

Our Co-founder, Chief Executive Officer and Director, Avishai Abrahami, our Co-founder and Vice President of Client Development, Nadav Abrahami, and our Chief Architect of Research and Development, Yoav Abrahami, are brothers. In addition, our President and Chief Operating Officer, Nir Zohar, is married to our VP Design & Brand, Hagit Kaufman - Zohar. Other than the relationships noted above, there are no family relationships among any of our directors or executive officers.

The aggregate compensation paid by us to our directors and executive officers as a group, including share-based compensation, was approximately $34.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. This amount does not include amounts accrued for expenses related to business travel, professional and business association dues and other business expenses reimbursed to officers. This amount includes approximately $0.5 million set aside or accrued to provide pension, severance, retirement or similar benefits or expenses.

The aggregate share-based compensation for the year ended December 31, 2023 recorded in our financial statements in respect of grants of options and RSUs, as well as participation in our ESPP, for our directors and executive officers as a group is comprised of (i) options to purchase 1,524,745 ordinary shares with exercise prices ranging from $86.12 to $259.16 per share, and (ii) 520,616 RSUs, of which 64,318 RSUs accounted for the achievement of performance targets for fiscal year 2023, which we recorded as share-based compensation for the year ended December 31, 2023, but were only granted in 2024.

The following is a summary of the salary expenses and social benefit costs of our executive officers in 2023, or the Covered Executives. All amounts reported reflect the cost to the Company as recognized in our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Mr. Avishai Abrahami, Chief Executive Officer and Director. Compensation expenses recorded in 2023 of $18,000 in salary expenses and $115,000 in social benefit costs.

Mr. Nir Zohar, President and Chief Operating Officer. Compensation expenses recorded in 2023 of $26,000 in salary expenses and $80,000 in social benefit costs.

Mrs. Shelly Meyer, Chief People Officer. Compensation expenses recorded in 2023 of $228,000 in salary expenses and $64,000 in social benefit costs.

Mr. Lior Shemesh, Chief Financial Officer. Compensation expenses recorded in 2023 of $216,000 in salary expenses and $116,000 in social benefit costs.

Mr. Omer Shai, Chief Marketing Officer. Compensation expenses recorded in 2023 of $279,000 in salary expenses and $23,000 in social benefit costs.

Mr. Yaniv Even-Haim, Chief Technology Officer. Compensation expenses recorded in 2023 of $228,000 in salary expenses and $65,000 in social benefit costs.

The salary expenses summarized above include the gross salary paid to the Covered Executives, and the benefit costs include the social benefits paid by us on behalf of the Covered Executives, including convalescence pay, contributions made by the Company to an insurance policy or a pension fund, work disability insurance, severance, educational fund and payments for social security.

Our Chief Executive Officer and our President and Chief Operating Officer waived their base salaries for fiscal year 2023 to levels comparable to minimum wage under Israeli law.

From time to time, we grant options, PSUs, RSUs and other awards under our share incentive plans (described below) to our executive officers and directors. See Item 6.C. “Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Board Practices” for a detailed description of the approval procedures we follow in compensating our directors and executive officers.

During 2023, we granted our directors and executive officers 178,627 RSUs under our share incentive plans (which does not include 64,318 RSUs accounted for the achievement of performance targets for fiscal year 2023, which were only granted in 2024 but for which we recorded share-based compensation for the year ended December 31, 2023). During 2023, director equity grants were subject to a vesting schedule over a one-year period. The executive officers’ equity grants of 2023 are subject to a vesting schedule over a four-year period, with the PSUs also being subject to predetermined Company performance criteria set by the Company’s compensation committee and board of directors. We recorded equity-based compensation expenses in our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023, which include RSUs granted in 2023 and RSUs granted in the first quarter of 2024 on account of performance targets achieved for fiscal year 2023 and for which we recorded equity-based compensation expenses in 2023 to Lior Shemesh, Omer Shai, Shelly Meyer and Yaniv Even-Haim, of $1,963,316, $2,101,166, $1,704,251 and $1,704,251, respectively. Our Chief Executive Officer and our President and Chief Operating Officer did not receive a grant of equity in 2023.

The relevant amounts underlying the equity awards granted to our officers during 2023, will continue to be expensed in our financial statements over a four-year period during the years 2024-2027 on account of the 2023 grants in similar annualized amounts, apart from performance-based equity which is expensed on an accelerated basis. Assumptions and key variables used in the calculation of such amounts are described in Note 13 of our audited consolidated financial statements included in Item 18 of this annual report. All equity-based compensation grants to our Covered Executives were made in accordance with the parameters of our company’s executive compensation policy, which includes maximum equity compensation thresholds, and were approved by the Company’s compensation committee and board of directors.

In December 2022, our shareholders amended and re-adopted the compensation arrangement for our non-executive directors. Pursuant to the amended compensation arrangement, the non-executive directors are paid an annual cash retainer and receive a fixed, automatic equity grant.

Cash retainer. The annual retainer for board membership is $35,000, with the Chairperson of the board of directors paid a supplemental annual fee of $40,000 and the lead-independent director paid a supplemental annual fee of $17,500. Non-Israeli directors are also entitled to a supplemental annual travel time fee of up to $20,000 ($5,000 for each quarter during which a director attends meetings in Israel).

The annual retainer for committee membership is $8,000 for audit committee membership and $5,000 for membership on each of the compensation committee and the nominating, governance and environmental committee. The annual retainer for serving as chairperson of the audit committee, the compensation committee and the nominating, governance and environmental committee is $20,000, $10,000 and $7,500, respectively.

Equity awards. Each non-executive director is granted annual awards, each of which is comprised of 2,642 RSUs, except that (i) the Chairperson of the board of directors is granted an annual award of 3,963 RSUs, and (ii) the lead independent director is granted an annual award of 3,302 RSUs. The annual awards are subject to a maximum annual value threshold as per our compensation policies and are adjusted in cases where they exceed such thresholds. The fair value of the RSUs is determined based on the closing trading price of our ordinary shares on the grant date.

The non-executive director grants vest in equal quarterly installments over a one-year period, commencing upon the expiration of the vesting period of the preceding equity grant, or for newly appointed directors, commencing on the date of appointment, and subject to continued service as a director through the applicable vesting dates. The grants are subject to a “double trigger” full acceleration vesting mechanism upon a “Change of Control” event.

We also reimburse all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by directors for their attendance at meetings of the board or any committee in accordance with our policy.

Employee directors receive no additional compensation for their service as a director; provided, however, that an executive director who ceases to be a company executive and is designated by the board as a non-executive director, shall be entitled to the same compensation as a non-executive director (other than the initial equity grant), commencing on the date such director is designated by the board as a non-executive director.

As of February 29, 2024, 7,824,654 ordinary shares are subject to outstanding option, PSU and RSU awards granted to employees and office holders under our share incentive plans, including 3,586,715 ordinary shares issuable under currently exercisable share options. As of February 29, 2024, 1,847,411 ordinary shares remained available for future grant under our share incentive plan.

We have entered into written employment agreements with all of our executive officers. Each of these agreements contains provisions regarding non-competition, confidentiality of information and assignment of inventions. The non-competition provision applies for a period that is generally 12 months following termination of employment. The enforceability of covenants not to compete in Israel and the United States, and other jurisdictions in which our officers reside is subject to limitations. The engagements with our executive officers are not limited in time and can be terminated subject to applicable laws. In the event of a termination of employment, we are required to provide three months’ notice prior to termination, other than in the case of a termination for cause.

For a detailed description of the terms of employment of our Chief Executive Officer, see our report on Form 6-K, containing the company’s Notice and Proxy Statement with respect to the 2023 Annual General Meeting of the Shareholders, furnished to the SEC on September 29, 2023.

Other than with respect to our CEO who is both a director and an executive officer, there are no arrangements or understandings between us, on the one hand, and any of our directors, on the other hand, providing for benefits upon termination of their service as directors of our company, other than the “double trigger” full acceleration vesting mechanism upon a “Change of Control” event as described above under “Compensation Policy for Non-Executive Directors - Equity Awards.”

We adopted our 2013 Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2013 Plan”), which went into effect on October 15, 2013, as amended from time to time, most recently on December 7, 2023. The 2013 Plan provides for the grant of options, restricted shares, RSUs, PSUs, share appreciation rights, cash-based awards, dividend equivalents and other share-based awards to our company’s and our subsidiaries’ respective directors, employees, officers, consultants, advisors and any other person whose services are considered valuable to us or any of our affiliates. As of December 31, 2023, options to purchase 3,956,056 of our ordinary shares and 3,236,742 RSUs (including PSUs) were outstanding under the 2013 Plan.

In 2023, under the 2013 Plan, we granted to certain of our directors, executive officers, employees and contractors, options to purchase 1,350 of our ordinary shares at a weighted average exercise price of par value per share and 1,860,596 RSUs (including PSUs).

As of December 31, 2023, the number of ordinary shares we could have issued under the 2013 Plan was 14,179 shares, which automatically increases annually on January 1, by a number of ordinary shares equal to the lowest of (i) 5% of our outstanding shares on December 31 of the immediately preceding calendar year, (ii) a number of shares determined by our board of directors, and (iii) 7,500,000 shares. Ordinary shares subject to outstanding awards under the 2013 Plan that are subsequently forfeited or terminated for any other reason before being exercised will again be available for grant or re-grant, respectively, under the 2013 Plan. The number of shares subject to the 2013 Plan is also subject to adjustment if particular capital changes affect our share capital. Following an immaterial increase of the available pool under the 2013 Plan in December 2023, which was subsequently offset by ordinary share repurchases we executed, on January 1, 2024, the number of ordinary shares reserved for the 2013 Plan increased by 2,858,629 shares. The total number of ordinary shares reserved under the 2013 Plan, as of February 29, 2024 was 1,847,411.

The 2013 Plan is administered by our board of directors or by a committee designated by the board of directors. Subject to those rights which are reserved to the board of directors or which require shareholder approval under Israeli law, our board of directors has designated the compensation committee to administer the 2013 Plan, including determining the grantees of awards and the terms of the grant, exercise prices, vesting schedules, acceleration of vesting and the other matters necessary for the administration of the 2013 Plan.

A share option is the right to purchase a specified number of ordinary shares in the future at a specified exercise price and subject to the other terms and conditions specified in the option award agreement and the 2013 Plan. Subject to those rights which are reserved to the board of directors or which require shareholder approval, the exercise price of each option granted under the 2013 Plan is determined by our compensation committee. The exercise price of any share options granted under the 2013 Plan may be paid in cash, ordinary shares already owned by the option holder or any other method that may be approved by our compensation committee, such as a cashless broker-assisted exercise that complies with applicable law. In addition, options may be exercised through a cashless exercise mechanism implemented by our company.

Options granted to newly hired employees under the 2013 Plan will generally vest over four years commencing on the date of grant such that 25% vest on the first anniversary of the date of grant and an additional 6.25% vest at the end of each subsequent three-month period thereafter for 36 months. Options, that are not exercised within 10 years from the grant date expire, unless otherwise determined by our board of directors or the compensation committee, as applicable. In the event of termination of employment or services for reasons of disability or death, the grantee, or in the case of death, his or her legal successor, may exercise options that have vested prior to termination within a period of one year from the date of disability or death. If we terminate a grantee’s employment or service for cause, all of the grantee’s vested and unvested options will expire on the date of termination. If a grantee’s employment or service is terminated for any other reason, including retirement, the grantee may exercise his or her vested options within 90 days of the date of termination. Any expired or unvested options return to the pool for reissuance.

Restricted share awards are ordinary shares that are awarded to a participant subject to the satisfaction of the terms and conditions established by the board of directors and/or compensation committee. Until such time as the applicable restrictions lapse, restricted shares are subject to forfeiture and may not be sold, assigned, pledged or otherwise disposed of by the participant who holds those shares. RSUs and PSUs are denominated in ordinary share units, except that no shares are actually issued to the participant on the grant date. When an RSU or PSU award vests, and in the case of PSU, is earned, the participant is entitled to receive ordinary shares, a cash payment based on the value of ordinary shares or a combination of shares and cash.

Share options granted to Israeli employees under the 2013 Plan may be granted pursuant to the provisions of Section 102 of the Israeli Income Tax Ordinance. Any options granted pursuant to such provision, will be issued to a trustee and be held by the trustee for at least two years from the date of grant of the options in order for the grantee to benefit from preferential capital gains taxation under the Israeli Tax Ordinance. Any share options granted under the 2013 Plan to participants in the United States will be nonqualified stock options.

If we undergo a change of control, as defined in the 2013 Plan, subject to any contrary law or rule, or the terms of any award agreement in effect before the change of control, then without the consent of the option holder, our board of directors or its designated committee, as applicable, may but is not required to (i) cause any outstanding award to be assumed or an equivalent award to be substituted by such successor corporation or (ii) if the successor corporation refuses to assume or substitute the award as described in the 2013 Plan (a) the grantee’s awards shall accelerate in full and such grantee may exercise the award as to all or part of the shares or (b) cancel the options against payment in cash, securities or other property in the same amount as was received by the holders of our shares in such change of control transaction.

Subject to particular limitations specified in the 2013 Plan and under applicable law, our board of directors may amend or terminate the 2013 Plan, and the compensation committee may amend awards outstanding under the 2013 Plan. The 2013 Plan will continue in effect until all ordinary shares available under the 2013 Plan are delivered and all restrictions on those shares have lapsed, unless the 2013 Plan is terminated earlier by our board of directors.

We have adopted an employee stock purchase plan, or ESPP, pursuant to which our full time employees and consultants, and full time employees and consultants of our subsidiaries may elect to have payroll deductions (or, when not allowed under local laws or regulations, another form of payment) made on each pay day during the offering period in an amount not exceeding 15% of the net compensation which the employees receive on each pay day during the offering period. In the third quarter of 2014, we started granting employees and full-time consultants the right to purchase our ordinary shares under the ESPP. The number of ordinary shares reserved for purchase under the ESPP upon its adoption was 303,432 ordinary shares, which was automatically increased, and will increase annually, on January 1 by a number of ordinary shares equal to the lowest of (i) 1% of our outstanding shares on December 31 of the immediately preceding calendar year, (ii) a number of shares determined by our board of directors, if so determined prior to January 1 of the year on which the increase will occur, and (iii) 1,500,000 shares. On January 1, 2024, the number of ordinary shares reserved for the ESPP increased by 571,725 shares. The total ordinary shares reserved under the ESPP as of February 29, 2024 was 2,458,059 shares. On March 1, 2024, 239,170 ordinary shares were issued under the ESPP for the six-month offering period from September 1, 2023 through February 29, 2024.

The ESPP is administered by our board of directors or by a committee designated by the board of directors. Subject to those rights which are reserved to the board of directors or which require shareholder approval under Israeli law, our board of directors has designated the compensation committee to administer the ESPP. To the extent that we grant employees the right to make purchases under the ESPP, on the first day of each offering period, each participating employee will be granted an option to purchase on the exercise date of such offering period up to a number of the Company’s ordinary shares determined by dividing (1) the employee’s payroll deductions accumulated prior to such exercise date and retained in the employee’s account as of the exercise date by (2) the applicable purchase price, subject to certain limitations that may be applied to employees in different jurisdictions to address applicable law. The applicable purchase price is based on a discount percentage of up to 15%, which percentage may be decreased by the board of directors or the compensation committee, multiplied by the lesser of (1) the fair market value of an ordinary share on the exercise date, or (2) the fair market value of an ordinary share on the offering date.

Under the Companies Law and our articles of association, our business and affairs are managed under the direction of our board of directors. Our board of directors may exercise all powers and may take all actions that are not specifically granted to our shareholders or to our executive management. Our Chief Executive Officer (referred to as a “general manager” under the Companies Law) is responsible for our day-to-day management. Our Chief Executive Officer is appointed by, and serves at the discretion of, our board of directors, subject to the terms of an employment agreement that we have entered into with him. All other executive officers are appointed by the Chief Executive Officer and are subject to the terms of any applicable employment or consulting agreements that we may enter into with them.

We comply with the rules of NASDAQ requiring that a majority of our directors are independent. Our board of directors has determined that all of our directors, other than Avishai Abrahami, are independent under such rules.

Each of our directors is appointed by a simple majority vote of holders of our voting shares, participating and voting at an annual meeting of our shareholders.

Under our articles of association, our directors are divided into three classes with staggered three-year terms. Each class of directors consists, as nearly as possible, of one-third of the total number of directors constituting the entire board of directors. At each annual general meeting of our shareholders, the election or re-election of directors following the expiration of the term of office of the directors of that class of directors, is for a term of office that expires on the third annual general meeting following such election or re-election, such that each year the term of office of only one class of directors will expire. Our directors are divided among the three classes as follows:

•the Class I directors are Allon Bloch, Deirdre Bigley and Ferran Soriano, and their terms expire at our annual meeting of shareholders to be held in 2026;

•the Class II directors are Francesco de Mojana, Ron Gutler and Gavin Patterson, and their terms expire at our annual meeting of shareholders to be held in 2024; and

•the Class III directors are Avishai Abrahami, Diane Greene and Mark Tluszcz, and their terms expire at our annual meeting of shareholders to be held in 2025.

The directors shall be elected by a vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power present and voting at that meeting (excluding abstentions). Each director will hold office until such director’s successor is elected at a meeting of our shareholders or until the tenure of such director expires earlier pursuant to the Companies Law or unless he or she is removed from office as described below.

Under our articles of association, the approval of the holders of at least 662/3% of the shares entitled to vote at a general meeting and voting in person or by proxy at the meeting is generally required to remove any of our directors from office. In addition, vacancies on our board of directors may only be filled by a vote of a simple majority of the directors then in office. A director so appointed will hold office until the annual meeting of our shareholders for the year in which his or her term expires and after his or her successor is duly elected and qualified.

Our articles of association provide that the Chairperson of the board of directors is elected by the members of the board of directors and serves as Chairperson of the board of directors throughout his or her term as a director, unless resolved otherwise by the board of directors. Under the Companies Law, the Chief Executive Officer (referred to as a “general manager” under the Companies Law) or a relative of the Chief Executive Officer, may not serve as the Chairperson of the board of directors, and the Chairperson or a relative of the Chairperson may not be vested with authorities of the Chief Executive Officer without shareholder approval consisting of a majority vote of the shares present and voting at a shareholders meeting, provided that either:

•such majority includes at least a majority of the shares held by all shareholders who are not controlling shareholders and do not have a personal interest in such appointment, present and voting at such meeting; or

•the total number of shares of non-controlling shareholders and shareholders who do not have a personal interest in such appointment voting against such appointment does not exceed 2% of the aggregate voting rights in the company.

In addition, a person subordinated, directly or indirectly, to the Chief Executive Officer may not serve as the Chairperson of the board of directors; the Chairperson of the board of directors may not be vested with authorities that are granted to those subordinated to the Chief Executive Officer; and the Chairperson of the board of directors may not serve in any other position in the company or a controlled company, but he may serve as a director or Chairperson of a subsidiary.

The board of directors recognizes that one of its key responsibilities is to evaluate and determine its optimal leadership structure so as to provide independent oversight of management. The board of directors believes that, given the dynamic and competitive environment in which we operate, the optimal board leadership structure may vary as circumstances warrant.

The board of directors has chosen to separate the two roles of Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the board of directors, as our leadership structure promotes balance between the authority of those who oversee our business and those who manage it on a day-to-day basis. Mark Tluszcz serves as non-executive Chairman of the board of directors and Ron Gutler serves as lead independent director.

Nevertheless, the board of directors recognizes that it is important to retain the organizational flexibility to determine whether the roles of the Chairman of the board of directors and Chief Executive Officer should be separated or combined in one individual. The board of directors periodically evaluates whether the board leadership structure should be changed in light of specific circumstances applicable to us.

Under the Companies Law, companies organized under the laws of the State of Israel that are “public companies,” including companies with shares listed on NASDAQ, are generally required to appoint at least two external directors who meet the independence qualification requirements in the Companies Law.

However, pursuant to Israeli relief regulations adopted in 2016, an Israeli company traded on NASDAQ that does not have a “controlling shareholder” (as defined in the Companies Law) may elect not to appoint external directors to its board of directors and not to comply with the audit committee and compensation committee composition and chairperson requirements of the Companies Law; provided, the company complies with the applicable NASDAQ independent director requirements and the NASDAQ audit committee and compensation committee composition requirements.

In accordance with the relief regulations, our nominating, governance and environmental committee and board of directors elected, in July 2016, not to appoint external directors to the board of directors and not to comply with the audit committee and compensation committee composition and chairperson requirements of the Companies Law, and to transition our external directors to become “regular” independent directors.

Under NASDAQ corporate governance rules, we are required to maintain an audit committee consisting of at least three independent directors, each of whom is financially literate and one of whom has accounting or related financial management expertise.

Our audit committee consists of Ron Gutler, Deirdre Bigley and Francesco de Mojana. Ron Gutler serves as the Chairperson of the audit committee. All members of our audit committee meet the requirements for financial literacy under the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and NASDAQ corporate governance rules. Our board of directors has determined that Ron Gutler is an audit committee financial expert as defined by the SEC rules and has the requisite financial experience as defined by NASDAQ corporate governance rules.

Each member of our audit committee is “independent” as such term is defined in the relevant NASDAQ rules and in Rule 10A-3(b)(1) under the Exchange Act, which is different from the general test for independence of board of directors and committee members.

Our board of directors has adopted an audit committee charter setting forth the responsibilities of the audit committee consistent with the rules of the SEC and NASDAQ corporate governance rules, which include:

•retaining and terminating our independent auditors, subject to board of directors and, in the case of retention, shareholder ratification;

•pre-approval of audit and non-audit services to be provided by the independent auditors;

•reviewing with management the risk related to cybersecurity, information technology and information security, including data protection and data privacy, and the steps that management has taken to monitor and control such risks

•reviewing with management and our independent director our annual and quarterly financial reports prior to their submission to the SEC; and

•approval of certain transactions with office holders and controlling shareholders, as described below, and other related-party transactions.

Additionally, under the Companies Law, an audit committee is required, among other things, to identify deficiencies in the administration of the company (including by consulting with the internal auditor), and recommend remedial actions with respect to such deficiencies, is responsible for reviewing and approving certain related party transactions, including determining whether or not such transactions are extraordinary transactions, and is required to adopt procedures with respect to processing employee complaints in connection with deficiencies in the administration of the company, and the appropriate means of protection afforded to such employees. In addition, the audit committee is responsible for overseeing the internal control procedures of the company. Under the Companies Law, the approval of the audit committee is required for specified actions and transactions with office holders and controlling shareholders. See “—Approval of Related Party Transactions under Israeli Law.” However, the audit committee may not approve an action or a transaction with a controlling shareholder or with an office holder unless at the time of approval the majority of the members of the audit committee are present, of whom a majority must be unaffiliated directors.

Under NASDAQ corporate governance rules, we are required to maintain a compensation committee consisting of at least two independent directors. Our compensation committee consists of three independent directors. Each of the members of the compensation committee is also required to be independent under the additional NASDAQ rules relating specifically to the independence of compensation committee members. Each member of our compensation committee satisfies those requirements.

Our compensation committee consists of Ron Gutler, Gavin Patterson and Deirdre Bigley. Ron Gutler serves as the Chairperson of the compensation committee.

Our board of directors has adopted a compensation committee charter setting forth the responsibilities of the committee consistent with NASDAQ rules and the Companies Law, which include:

•reviewing and recommending to the board of directors overall compensation policies with respect to our Chief Executive Officer and other executive officers;

•reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer and other executive officers including evaluating their performance in light of such goals and objectives;

•reviewing and approving the granting of equity incentive awards; and

•reviewing, evaluating and making recommendations to the board of directors regarding the compensation and benefits for our non-employee directors.

Additionally, under the Companies Law, the compensation committee’s duties include recommending compensation policies to the board of directors, overseeing compensation policy implementation and ratifying the compensation of executive officers.

Our nominating, governance and environmental committee consists of Ron Gutler and Deirdre Bigley. Ron Gutler serves as the Chairperson of the nominating, governance and environmental committee. Our board of directors has adopted a nominating, governance and environmental committee charter setting forth the responsibilities which include:

•overseeing and assisting our board of directors in reviewing and recommending nominees for election as directors;

•assessing the performance of the members of our board of directors;

•establishing and maintaining effective corporate governance policies and practices, including, but not limited to, developing and recommending to our board of directors a set of corporate governance guidelines applicable to our company; and

•reviewing and overseeing our strategy, programs, and public disclosure for ESG issues.

In accordance with the Companies Law, we have adopted compensation policies for our directors and executive officers, which we refer to in this section as “office holders.” In adopting the compensation policies, the compensation committee took into account factors such as the office holder’s education, experience, past compensation arrangements with the Company, and the proportional difference between the person’s compensation and the average compensation of the Company’s employees.

The compensation policies must be approved at least once every three years at the Company’s general meeting of shareholders, following approval of the compensation committee and the board of directors, and are subject to the approval of a majority vote of the shares present and voting at a shareholders meeting, provided that either:

•such majority includes at least a majority of the shares held by all shareholders who are not controlling shareholders and do not have a personal interest in such election (other than a personal interest which is not derived from a relationship with a controlling shareholder), present and voting at such meeting; or

•the total number of shares of non-controlling shareholders and shareholders who do not have a personal interest in such election (other than a personal interest which is not derived from a relationship with a controlling shareholder) voting against the approval of the compensation policy does not exceed 2% of the aggregate voting rights in the company.

The compensation plan for our executives was last approved by the shareholders on December 19, 2022 and was last amended by the shareholders on November 6, 2023, and our compensation plan for our non-executive directors was last approved by the shareholders on December 19, 2022.

The compensation policies serve as the basis for decisions concerning the financial terms of employment or engagement of executive officers and directors, including exculpation, insurance, indemnification or any monetary payment or obligation of payment in respect of employment or engagement. The compensation policies must relate to certain factors, including advancement of the company’s objectives, the company’s business and its long-term strategy, and creation of appropriate incentives for executives. It must also consider, among other things, the company’s risk management, size and the nature of its operations. The compensation policies must furthermore consider the following additional factors:

•the knowledge, skills, expertise and accomplishments of the relevant director or executive;

•the director’s or executive’s roles and responsibilities and prior compensation agreements with him or her;

•the relationship between the cost of the compensation terms offered to the relevant director or executive and the average compensation cost of the other employees of the company, including those employed through manpower companies;

•the impact of disparities in salary upon work relationships in the company;

•the possibility of reducing variable compensation at the discretion of the board of directors and the possibility of setting a limit on the exercise value of non-cash variable compensation; and

•as to severance compensation, the period of service of the director or executive, the terms of his or her compensation during such service period, the company’s performance during that period of service, the person’s contribution towards the company’s achievement of its goals and the maximization of its profits, and the circumstances under which the person is leaving the company.

The compensation policies must also include the following principles:

•the link between variable compensation and long-term performance and measurable criteria;

•the relationship between variable and fixed compensation, and the ceiling for the value of variable compensation;

•the conditions under which a director or executive would be required to repay compensation paid to him or her if it was later shown that the data upon which such compensation was based was inaccurate and was required to be restated in the company’s financial statements (these conditions are in addition to the conditions for repayment included in the Policy for Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation we adopted in accordance with Nasdaq rules (a copy of which is filed as an exhibit to this Annual Report on Form 20-F));

•the minimum holding or vesting period for variable, equity-based compensation while referring to appropriate long-term perspective based incentives; and

•maximum limits for severance compensation.

The compensation committee is responsible for (a) recommending the compensation policies to the company’s board of directors for its approval (and subsequent approval by our shareholders) and (b) duties related to the compensation policies and to the approval of the terms of engagement of office holders, including:

•recommending whether a compensation policy should continue in effect, if the then-current policy has a term of greater than three years (approval of either a new compensation policy or the continuation of an existing compensation policy must in any case occur every three years);

•recommending to the board of directors periodic updates to the compensation policies;

•assessing implementation of the compensation policies; and

•determining whether the compensation terms of a proposed new Chief Executive Officer of the company need not be brought to approval of the shareholders.

Under the Companies Law, the compensation of our directors requires the approval of our compensation committee, the subsequent approval of the board of directors and, unless exempted under the regulations promulgated under the Companies Law, the approval of the shareholders at a general meeting. Where the director is also a controlling shareholder, the requirements for approval of transactions with controlling shareholders apply, as described below under “—Disclosure of Personal Interests of a Controlling Shareholder and Approval of Certain Transactions.”

The directors are also entitled to be paid reasonable travel, hotel and other expenses expended by them in attending board meetings and performing their functions as directors of the company.

For additional information, see “—Compensation of Directors and Executive Officers – Compensation Program for Non-Executive Directors.”

Under the Companies Law, the board of directors of an Israeli public company must appoint an internal auditor recommended by the audit committee and appointed by the board of directors. An internal auditor may not be:

•a person (or a relative of a person) who holds more than 5% of the company’s outstanding shares or voting rights;

•a person (or a relative of a person) who has the power to appoint a director or the general manager of the company;

•an office holder or director of the company or a relative of such person; or

•a member of the company’s independent accounting firm, or anyone on its behalf.

The role of the internal auditor is to examine, among other things, our compliance with applicable law and orderly business procedures. The audit committee is required to oversee the activities and to assess the performance of the internal auditor as well as to review the internal auditor’s work plan. Deloitte Brightman Almagor serves as our internal auditor.

Our internal auditor also fulfills the internal audit function required by NASDAQ corporate governance rules and provides management and the audit committee with ongoing assessments of our risk management processes and system of internal control.

The Companies Law codifies the fiduciary duties that office holders owe to a company. An office holder is defined in the Companies Law as a general manager, chief business manager, deputy general manager, vice general manager, any other person assuming the responsibilities of any of these positions regardless of such person’s title, a director and any other manager directly subordinate to the general manager. Each person listed in the table under Item 6.A. “Directors, Senior Management and Employees” is an office holder under the Companies Law.

An office holder’s fiduciary duties consist of a duty of care and a duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires an office holder to act with the level of care with which a reasonable office holder in the same position would have acted under the same circumstances. The duty of loyalty requires that an office holder to act in good faith and in the best interests of the company.

The duty of care includes a duty to use reasonable means to obtain:

•information on the appropriateness of a given action submitted for his or her approval or performed by virtue of his or her position; and

•all other important information pertaining to these actions.

The duty of loyalty includes a duty to:

•refrain from any conflict of interest between the performance of his or her duties in the company and his or her personal affairs;

•refrain from any activity that is competitive with the business of the company;

•refrain from exploiting any business opportunity of the company in order to receive a personal gain for himself or herself or others; and

•disclose to the company any information or documents relating to the company’s affairs which the office holder received as a result of his or her position as an office holder.

The Companies Law requires that an office holder promptly disclose to the board of directors any personal interest that he or she may have and all related material information known to him or her concerning any existing or proposed transaction with the company. A personal interest includes an interest of any person in an act or transaction of a company, including a personal interest of one’s relative or of a corporate body in which such person or a relative of such person is a 5% or greater shareholder, director or general manager or in which he or she has the right to appoint at least one director or the general manager, but excluding a personal interest stemming solely from one’s ownership of shares in the company.

If it is determined that an office holder has a personal interest in a non-extraordinary transaction, approval by the board of directors is required for the transaction, unless the company’s articles of association provide for a different method of approval. Any transaction that is not in the best interest of the company may not be approved by the board of directors.

Our articles of association provide that for non-extraordinary interested party transactions, the board of directors may delegate its approval, or may provide a general approval to certain types of non-extraordinary interested party transactions.

Approval first by the company’s audit committee and subsequently by the board of directors is required for an extraordinary transaction, meaning any transaction that is not in the ordinary course of business, not on market terms or that is likely to have a material impact on the company’s profitability, assets or liabilities.

A director and any other office holder who has a personal interest in a transaction which is considered at a meeting of the board of directors and/or the audit committee may generally (unless it is with respect to a transaction which is not an extraordinary transaction) not be present at such a meeting or vote on that matter unless a majority of the directors or members of the audit committee, as applicable, have a personal interest in the matter. If a majority of the members of the audit committee or the board of directors has a personal interest in the approval of such a transaction then all of the directors may participate in deliberations of the audit committee or board of directors, as applicable, with respect to such transaction and vote on the approval thereof and, in such case, shareholder approval is also required.

Pursuant to the Companies Law, compensation arrangements such as insurance, indemnification or exculpation arrangements with office holders who are not the Chief Executive Officer or a director require compensation committee approval and subsequent approval by the board of directors. Compensation arrangements shall be in accordance with the executive compensation policy of the company. In special circumstances, the compensation committee and the board of directors may approve compensation arrangements that are not in compliance with the compensation policy of the company, subject to the approval of a majority vote of the shares present and voting at a shareholders meeting, provided that either: (a) such majority includes at least a majority of the shares held by all shareholders who are not controlling shareholders and do not have a personal interest in such compensation arrangement; or (b) the total number of shares of non-controlling shareholders and shareholders who do not have a personal interest in the compensation arrangement and who vote against the arrangement does not exceed two percent of the company’s aggregate voting rights, or the Special Majority Vote for Compensation. In the event that the Special Majority Vote for Compensation is not obtained, the compensation committee and the board of directors may reconsider the compensation arrangement and approve it, after a detailed review.

Pursuant to the Companies Law, compensation arrangements with the Chief Executive Officer require compensation committee approval, approval by the board of directors and Special Majority for Compensation approval at the shareholders’ meeting. Compensation arrangements with the Chief Executive Officer shall be in accordance with the compensation policy of the company. In the event that Special Majority Vote for Compensation is not obtained, then the compensation committee and the board of directors may reconsider the compensation arrangement and approve it after a detailed review. Notwithstanding the above, the compensation committee is authorized to refrain from submitting a proposed compensation arrangement with a Chief Executive Officer candidate for shareholder approval, if: (a) doing so would jeopardize the company’s engagement of the candidate; (b) the candidate did not have a prior business relationship with the company or a controlling shareholder of the company; and (c) the proposed arrangement complies with the company’s compensation policy.

With respect to amending an existing compensation arrangement, only the approval of the compensation committee is required, provided the committee determines that the amendment is not material in relation to the existing compensation arrangement. With respect to amending an existing related-party transaction, only the approval of the audit committee is required, provided the committee determines that the amendment is not material in relation to the existing arrangement.

Compensation arrangements with directors who are not controlling shareholders, including compensation arrangements with directors in their capacities as executive officers, (unless exempted under the applicable regulations), require the approval of the compensation committee, the board of directors and the company’s shareholders, in that order.

Pursuant to the Companies Law, the disclosure requirements regarding personal interests that apply to directors and executive officers also apply to a controlling shareholder of a public company. A controlling shareholder is a shareholder who has the ability to direct the activities of a company, including a shareholder who holds 25% or more of the voting rights if no other shareholder holds more than 50% of the voting rights. For this purpose, the holdings of all shareholders who have a personal interest in the same transaction will be aggregated.

In addition, an extraordinary transaction between a public company and a controlling shareholder, or in which a controlling shareholder has a personal interest, and the terms of any compensation arrangement of a controlling shareholder who is an office holder or his relative, require the approval of a company’s audit committee (or compensation committee with respect to compensation arrangements), board of directors and a special majority vote of shareholders without personal interest, in that order.

Pursuant to the Companies Law, a shareholder has a duty to act in good faith and in a customary manner toward the company and other shareholders, and to refrain from abusing his or her power with respect to the company, including, among other things, in voting at a general meeting and at shareholder class meetings with respect to the following matters:

•an amendment to the company’s articles of association;

•an increase of the company’s authorized share capital;

•a merger; or

•interested party transactions that require shareholder approval.

In addition, a shareholder has a general duty to refrain from discriminating against other shareholders.

Certain shareholders also have a duty of fairness toward the company. These shareholders include any controlling shareholder, any shareholder who knows that it has the power to determine the outcome of a shareholder vote and any shareholder who has the power to appoint or to prevent the appointment of an office holder of the company or exercise any other rights available to it under the company’s articles of association with respect to the company. The Companies Law does not define the substance of this duty of fairness, except to state that the remedies generally available upon a breach of contract will also apply in the event of a breach of the duty of fairness.

Under the Companies Law, a company may not exculpate an office holder from liability for a breach of the duty of loyalty. An Israeli company may exculpate an office holder in advance from liability to the company, in whole or in part, for damages caused to the company as a result of a breach of duty of care but only if a provision authorizing such exculpation is included in its articles of association. Our articles of association include such a provision. An Israeli company may not exculpate a director from liability arising out of a prohibited dividend or distribution to shareholders.

An Israeli company may indemnify an office holder in respect of the following liabilities and expenses incurred for acts performed as an office holder, either in advance of an event or following an event, provided a provision authorizing such indemnification is contained in its articles of association:

•financial liability imposed on him or her in favor of another person pursuant to a judgment, settlement or arbitrator’s award approved by a court. However, if an undertaking to indemnify an office holder with respect to such liability is provided in advance, then such an undertaking must be limited to events which, in the opinion of the board of directors, can be foreseen based on the company’s activities when the undertaking to indemnify is given, and to an amount or according to criteria determined by the board of directors as reasonable under the circumstances, and such undertaking shall detail the above mentioned events and amount or criteria;

•reasonable litigation expenses, including attorneys’ fees, incurred by the office holder as a result of an investigation or proceeding instituted against him or her by an authority authorized to conduct such investigation or proceeding, provided that (i) no indictment was filed against such office holder as a result of such investigation or proceeding; and (ii) no financial liability, such as a criminal penalty, was imposed upon him or her as a substitute for the criminal proceeding as a result of such investigation or proceeding or, if such financial liability was imposed, it was imposed with respect to an offense that does not require proof of criminal intent; and

•reasonable litigation expenses, including attorneys’ fees, incurred by the office holder or imposed by a court in proceedings instituted against him or her by the company, on its behalf or by a third party or in connection with criminal proceedings in which the office holder was acquitted or as a result of a conviction for an offense that does not require proof of criminal intent.

An Israeli company may insure an office holder against the following liabilities incurred for acts performed as an office holder if and to the extent provided in the company’s articles of association:

•a breach of the duty of loyalty to the company, to the extent that the office holder acted in good faith and had a reasonable basis to believe that the act would not prejudice the company;

•a breach of the duty of care to the company or to a third party, including a breach arising out of the negligent conduct of the office holder;

•a financial liability imposed on the office holder in favor of a third party;

•a financial liability imposed on the office holder in favor of a third party harmed by a breach in an administrative proceeding; and

•reasonable litigation expenses, including attorneys’ fees, incurred by the office holder as a result of an administrative proceeding instituted against him or her.

An Israeli company may not indemnify or insure an office holder against any of the following:

•a breach of the duty of loyalty, except to the extent that the office holder acted in good faith and had a reasonable basis to believe that the act would not prejudice the company;

•a breach of the duty of care committed intentionally or recklessly, excluding a breach arising out of the negligent conduct of the office holder;

•an act or omission committed with intent to derive illegal personal benefit; or

•a fine or forfeit levied against the office holder.

Under the Companies Law, exculpation, indemnification and insurance of office holders must be approved by the compensation committee and the board of directors and, with respect to directors and our Chief Executive Officer, also by shareholders.

Our articles of association allow us to indemnify and insure our office holders for any liability imposed on them as a consequence of an act (including any omission) which was performed by virtue of being an office holder. Our office holders are currently covered by a directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policy.

We have entered into agreements with each of our directors and executive officers exculpating them, to the fullest extent permitted by law, from liability to us for damages caused to us as a result of a breach of duty of care and undertaking to indemnify them to the fullest extent permitted by law. This indemnification is limited to events determined as foreseeable by the board of directors based on our activities, and to an amount or according to criteria determined by the board of directors as reasonable under the circumstances.

The maximum indemnification amount set forth in such agreements is limited to an amount the higher of (x) 50% of our net assets based on our most recently published financial statements prior to the time that notice of indemnification is provided to us; or (y) $30 million; provided, however, that in relation to indemnification claimed in connection with a public offering of our securities, the amount, if higher, shall be equal to the aggregate proceeds raised by us and/or selling shareholders. The maximum amount set forth in such agreements is in addition to any amount paid (if paid) under insurance and/or by a third party pursuant to an indemnification arrangement.

As of December 31, 2023, we had 4,600 employees, 3,059 of whom were based in Israel, 611 of whom were based in the United States, 259 of whom were based in Lithuania, 8 of whom were based in Brazil, 16 of whom were based in Canada, 30 of whom were based in Japan, 12 of whom were based in the UK, 3 of whom were based in India, 82 of whom were based in Poland, 11 of whom were based in Ukraine, 462 of whom were based in Ireland, 10 of whom were based in Australia, 19 of whom were based in Netherlands, 1 of which was based in Mexico, and 17 of whom were based in Germany. Of our employees, 4,414 work full-time and 186 work part-time. As of December 31, 2023, we also engaged the services of 702 contractors in Ukraine and Poland.

The following table shows the breakdown of our global workforce of employees and contractors by category of activity as of the dates indicated:

With regard to our Israeli employees, Israeli labor laws govern the length of the work day, minimum wages for employees, procedures for hiring and dismissing employees, determination of severance pay, annual leave, sick days, advance notice of termination of employment, equal opportunity and anti-discrimination laws and other conditions of employment. Subject to certain exceptions, Israeli law generally requires severance pay upon the retirement, death or dismissal of an employee, and requires us and our employees to make payments to the National Insurance Institute, which is similar to the U.S. Social Security Administration. Our employees have pension plans that comply with the applicable Israeli legal requirements, and we make monthly contributions to severance pay funds for all employees, which cover potential severance pay obligations.

None of our employees work under any collective bargaining agreements. Extension orders issued by the Israeli Ministry of Economy apply to us and affect matters, such as cost of living adjustments to salaries, length of working hours and week, recuperation pay, travel expenses, and pension rights.

We have never experienced labor-related work stoppages or strikes and believe that our relations with our employees are satisfactory.

For information regarding the share ownership of our directors, executive officers, and employees, please refer to Item 6.B. “Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Compensation” and Item 7.A. “Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Major Shareholders.”

None.

The following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our shares as of February 29, 2024 by:

•each person or entity known by us to own beneficially more than 5% of our outstanding shares;

•each of our directors and executive officers individually; and

•all of our executive officers and directors as a group.

The beneficial ownership of ordinary shares is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes any ordinary shares over which a person exercises sole or shared voting or investment power, or the right to receive the economic benefit of ownership. The percentage of shares beneficially owned is based on 55,645,796 ordinary shares outstanding as of February 29, 2024. We have deemed our ordinary shares subject to stock options that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of February 29, 2024 or issuable pursuant to RSUs and PSUs that are subject to vesting and performance conditions expected to be satisfied within 60 days of February 29, 2024 to be outstanding and to be beneficially owned by the person holding the stock option, RSU or PSU for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of that person. We did not deem these shares outstanding, however, for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person.

All of our shareholders, including the shareholders listed below, have the same voting rights attached to their ordinary shares. See Item 10.B. “Additional Information—Memorandum and Articles of Association.” None of our principal shareholders nor our directors and executive officers will have different or special voting rights with respect to their ordinary shares. Unless otherwise noted below, each shareholder’s address is Wix.com Ltd., Wix Campus. Building B, 5th Floor, Tel Aviv 6936024 Israel.

A description of any material relationship that our principal shareholders have had with us or any of our predecessors or affiliates within the past three years is included under Item 7.B. “Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Related Party Transactions.”

__________

* Less than 1%.

(1)    Shares beneficially owned consist of 973,049 shares and outstanding options to purchase 1,191,645 shares that are exercisable within 60 days of February 29, 2024. Excludes shares owned by Mr. Abrahami’s spouse, as to all of which shares Mr. Abrahami disclaims beneficial ownership.

(2)    Shares beneficially owned consist of 91,327 shares and 218,494 shares issuable pursuant to outstanding options that are exercisable within 60 days of February 29, 2024.

(3)    Shares beneficially owned consist of 301,831 shares and 600,895 shares issuable pursuant to outstanding options that are exercisable within 60 days of February 29, 2024. Excludes shares owned by Mr. Zohar’s spouse, as to all of which shares Mr. Zohar disclaims beneficial ownership.

(4)    Shares beneficially owned consist of 461,651 shares and 112,028 shares issuable pursuant to outstanding options that are exercisable within 60 days of February 29, 2024.

(5)    Shares beneficially owned consist of 47,845 shares and 86,742 shares issuable pursuant to outstanding options that are exercisable within 60 days of February 29, 2024.

(6)    Shares beneficially owned consist of 60,672 shares and 120,366 shares issuable pursuant to outstanding options that are exercisable within 60 days of February 29, 2024.

(7)    Shares beneficially owned consist solely of shares issuable pursuant to outstanding options that are exercisable within 60 days of February 29, 2024 and RSUs that vest within 60 days of February 29, 2024.

(8)    This information is based upon a Schedule 13G/A filed by Baillie Gifford & Co, or BGC, with the SEC on January 26, 2024. The address of BGC is Calton Square, 1 Greenside Row, Edinburgh EH1 3AN, Scotland, UK. Pursuant to the Schedule 13G/A, BGC has sole voting power over 5,810,418 shares and sole dispositive power over 7,788,745 shares. Securities reported on the Schedule 13G/A are beneficially owned by BGC and are held by BGC and/or one or more of its investment adviser subsidiaries, which may include Baillie Gifford Overseas Limited, on behalf of investment advisory clients, which may include investment companies, employee benefit plans, pension funds or other institutional clients.

(9)    This information is based upon a Schedule 13G/A filed by BlackRock, Inc. with the SEC on February 2, 2024. The address of BlackRock, Inc. is 50 Hudson Yards, New York, NY 10001. Pursuant to the Schedule 13G, BlackRock, Inc. has sole voting power over 2,690,455 shares and sole dispositive power over 2,905,895 shares.

As of February 29, 2024, we had three holders of record of our ordinary shares in the United States. Those shareholders held in the aggregate 55,644,971 ordinary shares, representing 99.9% of the 55,645,796 outstanding ordinary shares as of February 29, 2024. The number of record holders in the United States is not representative of the number of beneficial holders nor is it representative of where such beneficial holders are resident since many of these ordinary shares were held by brokers or other nominees.

Our policy is to enter into transactions with related parties on terms that, on the whole, are no more favorable, or no less favorable, than those available from unaffiliated third parties. Based on our experience in the business sectors in which we operate and the terms of our transactions with unaffiliated third parties, we believe that all of the transactions described below met this policy standard at the time they occurred.

The following is a description of our material-related party transactions since January 1, 2021.

Our current board of directors consists of nine directors. We are not a party to, and are not aware of, any voting agreements among our shareholders.

We have entered into employment agreements with each of our officers who work for us as employees. Each of these agreements contains provisions regarding noncompetition, confidentiality of information and assignment of inventions. The enforceability of covenants not to compete is subject to limitations.

The provisions of certain of our executive officers’ employment agreements contain termination or change of control provisions. With respect to certain executive officers, either we or the executive officer may terminate his or her employment by giving advance written notice of varying duration to the other party. We may also terminate an executive officer’s employment agreement for good reason (as defined in the employment agreement), or in the event of a merger or acquisition transaction.

Since our inception, we have granted options to purchase our ordinary shares, PSUs, and/or RSUs to our officers and our directors. The award agreements evidencing such grants may contain acceleration provisions for unvested equity, which will vest immediately upon certain merger, acquisition, or change of control transactions, provided that such executive officer or director’s employment or engagement is terminated within a certain period of time following such merger or acquisition transaction. We describe our equity plans under Item 6.B. “Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Compensation—2013 Incentive Compensation Plan.”

Our articles of association permit us to exculpate, indemnify and insure certain of our office holders to the fullest extent permitted by the Companies Law. We have entered into agreements with certain office holders, exculpating them from a breach of their duty of care to us to the fullest extent permitted by law and undertaking to indemnify them to the fullest extent permitted by law, subject to certain exceptions. See Item 6.C. “Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Exculpation, Insurance and Indemnification of Directors and Officers.”

See Item 6.A. “Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Directors and Senior Management.”

We have appended our consolidated financial statements at the end of this annual report, starting at page F-2, as part of this annual report.

From time to time, we have been and may be party to litigation or subject to claims incident to the ordinary course of business. We are not subject to litigation that we can currently determine might have a significant material adverse effect on our business, operating results or financial condition.

We have never declared nor paid any cash dividends on our ordinary shares. We do not anticipate paying any dividends in the near future. We currently intend to retain future earnings, if any, to finance operations and expand our business. See Item 16E. “Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers” for a discussion of our board approved repurchase program. Our board of directors has sole discretion whether to pay dividends. If our board of directors decides to pay dividends, the form, frequency and amount will depend upon our future operations and earnings, capital requirements and surplus, general financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors that our directors may deem relevant.

No significant changes have occurred since December 31, 2023, except as otherwise disclosed in this annual report.

Our ordinary shares have been quoted on NASDAQ under the symbol “WIX” since November 6, 2013. Prior to that date, there was no public trading market for our ordinary shares.

See “—Offer and Listing Details” above.

Our authorized share capital consists of 500 million ordinary shares, par value NIS 0.01 per share, of which 55,972,806 shares are issued and outstanding as of March 20, 2024, and 6,933,910 are held in treasury. Our corporate purpose, as stated in Article 4 of our articles of association, is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which companies may be organized under the Companies Law.

A copy of our articles of association is attached as Exhibit 1.1 to this annual report on Form 20-F. The information called for by this item is set forth in Exhibit 2.1 to this annual report on Form 20-F and is incorporated herein by reference.

The transfer agent and registrar for our ordinary shares is Equiniti Trust Company, New York, New York.

Summaries of the following material contracts and amendments to these contracts are included in this annual report in the places indicated.

Israeli residents generally may freely deal in foreign currency and foreign assets, and non-residents may freely deal in Israeli currency and Israeli assets. There are currently no Israeli currency control restrictions on remittances of dividends on the ordinary shares or the proceeds from the sale of the shares provided that all taxes were paid or withheld; however, legislation remains in effect pursuant to which currency controls can be imposed by administrative action at any time.

Non-residents of Israel may freely hold and trade our securities. Neither our articles of association nor the laws of the State of Israel restrict in any way the ownership or voting of ordinary shares by non-residents, except that such restrictions may exist with respect to citizens of countries which are in a state of war with Israel. Israeli residents are allowed to purchase our ordinary shares.

The following description is not intended to constitute a complete analysis of all tax consequences relating to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our ordinary shares. You should consult your own tax advisor concerning the tax consequences of your particular situation, as well as any tax consequences that may arise under the laws of any state, local, foreign or other taxing jurisdiction.

The following is a brief summary of the material Israeli tax laws applicable to us, and certain Israeli Government programs that benefit us. This summary does not discuss all the aspects of Israeli tax law that may be relevant to a particular investor in light of his or her personal investment circumstances or to some types of investors subject to special treatment under Israeli law. Examples of such investors include residents of Israel or traders in securities who are subject to special tax regimes not covered in this discussion. To the extent that the discussion is based on new tax legislation that has not yet been subject to judicial or administrative interpretation, we cannot assure you that the appropriate tax authorities or the courts will accept the views expressed in this discussion. The discussion below is subject to change, including due to amendments under Israeli law or changes to the applicable judicial or administrative interpretations of Israeli law, which change could affect the tax consequences described below.

Israeli companies are generally subject to corporate tax on their taxable income. The standard corporate tax rate for Israeli companies has been 23% since 2018.

However, the effective tax rate payable by a company that qualifies as an Industrial Company that derives income from an Approved Enterprise, a Beneficiary Enterprise or a Preferred Enterprise, a Special Preferred Enterprise, a Preferred Technology Enterprise or Special Preferred Technology Enterprise (as discussed below) may be considerably less. Capital gains derived by an Israeli company are subject to the prevailing corporate tax rate.

The Law for the Encouragement of Industry (Taxes), 5729-1969, generally referred to as the Industry Encouragement Law, provides several tax benefits for “Industrial Companies.” We believe that we currently qualify as an Industrial Company within the meaning of the Industry Encouragement Law.

The Industry Encouragement Law defines an “Industrial Company” as an Israeli resident-company, that was incorporated in Israel, which 90% or more of its income in any tax year, other than income from defense loans, is derived from an “Industrial Enterprise” owned by it and located in Israel or in the “Area,” in accordance with the definition under section 3A of the Israeli Income Tax Ordinance (New Version) 1961. An “Industrial Enterprise” is defined as an enterprise whose principal activity in a given tax year is industrial production.

The following corporate tax benefits, among others, are available to Industrial Companies:

•amortization of the cost of a purchased patent, rights to use a patent, and know-how, which are used for the development or advancement of the Industrial Enterprise, over an eight-year period, commencing on the year in which such rights were first utilized;

•under limited conditions, an election to file consolidated tax returns with controlled Israeli Industrial Companies; and

•expenses related to a public offering are deductible in equal amounts over three years commencing on the year of the offering.

Eligibility for benefits under the Industry Encouragement Law is not contingent upon approval of any governmental authority.

There can be no assurance that we will continue to qualify as an Industrial Company or that the benefits described above will be available in the future.

The Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 5719-1959, generally referred to as the Investment Law, provides certain incentives for capital investments in production facilities (or other eligible assets).

The Investment Law has been amended several times, with the three most significant changes effective as of April 1, 2005, referred to as the 2005 Amendment, as of January 1, 2011, or the 2011 Amendment, and as of January 1, 2017, referred to as Amendment 73. The 2011 Amendment introduced new benefits to replace those granted in accordance with the provisions of the Investment Law in effect prior to the 2011 Amendment. However, companies entitled to benefits under the Investment Law as in effect prior to January 1, 2011 were entitled to choose to continue to enjoy such benefits, provided that certain conditions are met, or elect instead to forego such benefits and have the benefits of the 2011 Amendment apply. Amendment 73 introduces new benefits for Technological Enterprises, alongside the existing tax benefits.

The 2005 Amendment applies to new investment programs and investment programs commencing after 2004 but does not apply to investment programs approved prior to April 1, 2005. The 2005 Amendment provides that terms and benefits included in any certificate of approval that was granted before the 2005 Amendment became effective (April 1, 2005) will remain subject to the provisions of the Investment Law as in effect on the date of such approval. Pursuant to the 2005 Amendment, the Investment Center will continue to grant Approved Enterprise status to qualifying investments. The 2005 Amendment, however, limits the scope of enterprises that may be approved by the Investment Center by setting criteria for the approval of a facility as an Approved Enterprise, such as provisions generally requiring that at least 25% of the Approved Enterprise’s income be derived from exports.

The 2005 Amendment provides that Approved Enterprise status will only be necessary for receiving cash grants. As a result, it was no longer required to obtain Approved Enterprise status to receive the tax benefits previously available under the alternative benefits track. Rather, a company may claim the tax benefits offered by the Investment Law directly in its tax returns, provided that its facilities meet the criteria for tax benefits set forth in the amendment. Companies are entitled to approach the Israeli Tax Authority for a pre-ruling regarding their eligibility for benefits under the Investment Law, as amended.

In order to receive the tax benefits, the 2005 Amendment states that a company must make an investment which meets all of the conditions, including exceeding a minimum investment amount specified in the Investment Law. Such investment allows a company to receive “Beneficiary Enterprise” status and may be made over a period of no more than three years from the end of the year in which the company chose to have the tax benefits apply to its Beneficiary Enterprise (the “Year of Election”). Where the company requests to apply the tax benefits to an expansion of existing facilities, only the expansion will be considered to be a Beneficiary Enterprise and the company’s effective tax rate will be the weighted average of the applicable rates. In this case, the minimum investment required to qualify as a Beneficiary Enterprise is required to exceed a certain percentage of the value of the company’s production assets before the expansion.

The extent of the tax benefits available under the 2005 Amendment to qualifying income of a Beneficiary Enterprise depends on, among other things, the geographic location in Israel of the Beneficiary Enterprise. The location will also determine the period for which tax benefits are available. In the event that the company is profitable for tax purposes, such tax benefits include an exemption from corporate tax on undistributed income for a period of between two to 10 years, depending on the geographic location of the Beneficiary Enterprise in Israel, and a reduced corporate tax rate of between 10% to 25% for the remainder of the benefits period, depending on the level of foreign investment in the company in each year. A company qualifying for tax benefits under the 2005 Amendment which pays a dividend out of income derived by its Beneficiary Enterprise during the tax exemption period will be subject to corporate tax in respect of the amount of the dividend distributed (grossed-up to reflect the pre-tax income that it would have had to earn in order to distribute the dividend) which would have otherwise been applicable, or a lower rate in the case of a qualified foreign investment company which is at least 49% owned by non-Israeli residents. Dividends paid out of income attributed to a Beneficiary Enterprise are generally subject to withholding tax at source at the rate of 15% or such lower rate as may be provided in an applicable tax treaty (subject to the receipt in advance of a valid certificate from the Israel Tax Authority allowing for a reduced tax rate).

The benefits available to a Beneficiary Enterprise are subject to the fulfillment of conditions stipulated in the Investment Law and its regulations. If a company does not meet these conditions, it may be required to refund the amount of tax benefits, as adjusted by the Israeli consumer price index, and interest, or other monetary penalties.

In September 2011, we received a tax ruling from the Israeli Tax Authority, according to which, among other things, the Israeli Tax Authority (i) approved our status as an “Industrial Enterprise”; and (ii) determined that the expansion of our enterprise is considered as a “Beneficiary Enterprise” with 2009 as a “Year of Election,” all under the Investment Law as amended by the 2005 Amendment. The benefits available to us under this tax ruling are subject to the fulfillment of conditions stipulated in the ruling. If we do not meet these conditions, the ruling may be abolished which would result in adverse tax consequences to us.

The benefit period begins in the year in which taxable income is first earned, limited to 12 years from the “Year of Election.” We chose 2009 as a “Year of Election,” which was confirmed by the Israeli Tax Authority in its ruling described above. As of December 31, 2023, we did not utilize any of the benefits for which we were eligible under the Investment Law.

In addition, we chose 2012 as the “Year of Election” as well. The benefit period for this Year of Election will end in 2023. In January 2022, we notified the Israeli Tax Authority that we waived our Beneficiary Enterprise status starting from the 2022 tax year and thereafter.

The 2011 Amendment canceled the availability of the benefits granted to companies under the Investment Law prior to 2011 and, instead, introduced new benefits for income generated by a “Preferred Company” through its “Preferred Enterprise” (as such terms are defined in the Investment Law) as of January 1, 2011. Similar to a “Beneficiary Company,” a Preferred Company is an industrial company owning a Preferred Enterprise which meets certain conditions (including a minimum threshold of 25% export). However, under this new legislation the requirement for a minimum investment in productive assets was canceled.

Pursuant to the 2011 Amendment, a Preferred Company was entitled to a reduced corporate tax rate of 16% unless the Preferred Enterprise was located in development area A, in which case the rate was 9% in 2014 until 2016. Since 2017 and thereafter, the corporate tax rate for a Preferred Company, which is located in specified development zone, was decreased to 7.5%, while the reduced corporate tax rate for other development zones remained 16%. Dividends paid out of income attributed to a Preferred Enterprise during 2014 and thereafter are generally subject to withholding tax at the rate of 20% or such lower rate as may be provided in an applicable tax treaty (subject to the receipt in advance of a valid certificate from the Israel Tax Authority allowing for a reduced tax rate). However, if such dividends are paid to an Israeli company, no tax is required to be withheld (however, if such dividends are subsequently distributed to individuals or non-Israeli company a withholding of 20% or such lower rate as may be provided in an applicable tax treaty, will apply).

In December 2016, the Economic Efficiency Law (Legislative Amendments for Applying the Economic Policy for the 2017 and 2018 Budget Years), 2016, which includes Amendment 73 to the Law, or Amendment 73, was published. Starting 2017, part of our taxable income in Israel is entitled to a preferred 12% tax rate under Amendment 73. According to Amendment 73, a preferred enterprise located in development area A will be subject to a tax rate of 7.5% instead of 9% effective from January 1, 2017 and thereafter (the tax rate applicable to preferred enterprises located in other areas remains at 16%).

The tax tracks under the Amendment are as follows: Technological Preferred Enterprise - an enterprise for which total consolidated revenues of its parent company and all subsidiaries are less than NIS 10 billion. A technological preferred enterprise, as defined in the Law, which is located in the center of Israel will be subject to tax at a rate of 12% on profits deriving from intellectual property (in development area - A tax rate of 7.5%). Special Technological Preferred Enterprise - an enterprise for which total consolidated revenues of its parent company and all subsidiaries exceed NIS 10 billion. Such enterprise will be subject to tax at a rate of 6% on profits deriving from intellectual property, regardless of the enterprise's geographical location. The new incentives regime applies to “Preferred Technological Enterprises” that meet certain conditions, including, inter alia:

1.Investment of at least 7% of income, or at least NIS 75 million (approximately $19 million) in R&D activities; and

2.One of the following:

◦At least 20% of the workforce (or at least 200 employees) are employed in R&D;

◦A venture capital investment approximately equivalent to at least $2 million was previously made in the company; or

◦Growth in sales or workforce by an average of 25% over the three years preceding the tax year.

A “Special Preferred Technological Enterprise” is an enterprise that meets, inter alia conditions 1 and 2 above, and in addition has total annual consolidated revenues above NIS 10 billion (approximately $2.7 billion).

Income not eligible for Preferred Enterprise benefits is taxed at the regular corporate tax rate, which has been 23% since 2018.

In January 2022, we notified the Israeli Tax Authority that we waived our Beneficiary Enterprise status starting from the 2022 tax year and thereafter. In general, we meet the conditions of a “Preferred Technological Enterprise.” Accordingly, if we generate taxable income in Israel, we expect to be subject to tax at the rate of 12% (and 7.5% with respect to income attributed to development area A).

Israeli tax law allows, under certain conditions, a tax deduction for expenditures related to scientific research, including capital expenditures, in the year in which they are incurred. Expenditures are deemed related to scientific research and development projects, if:

•the expenditures are approved by the relevant Israeli government ministry, determined by the field of research;

•the research and development must be for the promotion or development of the company; and

•the research and development is carried out by or on behalf of the company seeking such tax deduction.

The amount of such deductible expenses is reduced by the sum of any funds received through government grants for the financing of such scientific research and development projects. No deduction under these research and development deduction rules is allowed if such deduction is related to an expense invested in an asset depreciable under the general depreciation rules of the Israeli Tax Ordinance. Expenditures related to research for the promotion or development of the company not so approved, are deductible in equal amounts over three years.

From time to time, we may apply to the Innovation Authority for approval to allow a tax deduction for all research and development expenses during the year incurred. There can be no assurance that such application will be accepted.

Commencing in taxable year 2014, the Company has elected to measure its taxable income and file its tax return under the Israeli Income Tax Regulations (Principles Regarding the Management of Books of Account of Foreign Invested Companies and Certain Partnerships and the Determination of Their Taxable Income), 1986. Such an elective obligates the Company for three years. Accordingly, commencing taxable year 2014, results for tax purposes are measured in terms of earnings in United States Dollars.

Individuals who are subject to tax in Israel (whether any such individual is an Israeli resident or non-Israeli resident) are also subject to an additional tax at the rate of 3% on annual income exceeding NIS 698,280 in 2023 and NIS 721,560 in 2024, which amount is linked to the annual change in the Israeli consumer price index, including, but not limited to, dividends, interest and capital gain.

A non-Israeli resident who derives capital gains from the sale of shares in an Israeli resident company that were purchased after the company was listed for trading on a stock exchange outside of Israel will be exempt from Israeli tax so long as the shares were not held through a permanent establishment that the non-resident maintains in Israel. However, non-Israeli corporations will not be entitled to the foregoing exemption if Israeli residents: (i) have a controlling interest of more than 25% in such non-Israeli corporation or (ii) are the beneficiaries of, or are entitled to, 25% or more of the revenues or profits of such non-Israeli corporation, whether directly or indirectly. In addition, such exemption is not applicable to a person whose gains from selling or otherwise disposing of the shares are deemed to be business income.

Additionally, a sale of securities by a non-Israeli resident may be exempt from Israeli capital gains tax under the provisions of an applicable tax treaty. For example, under Convention Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the State of Israel with respect to Taxes on Income, as amended, or the United States-Israel Tax Treaty, the sale, exchange or other disposition of shares by a shareholder who is a United States resident (for purposes of the treaty) holding the shares as a capital asset and is entitled to claim the benefits afforded to such a resident by the U.S.-Israel Tax Treaty, or a Treaty U.S. Resident, is generally exempt from Israeli capital gains tax unless: (i) the capital gain arising from such sale, exchange or disposition is attributed to real estate located in Israel; (ii) the capital gain arising from such sale, exchange or disposition is attributed to royalties; (iii) the capital gain arising from such sale, exchange or disposition is attributed to a permanent establishment in Israel, under certain terms; (iv) such Treaty U.S. Resident holds, directly or indirectly, shares representing 10% or more of the voting capital during any part of the 12-month period preceding the disposition, subject to certain conditions; or (v) such Treaty U.S. Resident is an individual and was present in Israel for 183 days or more during the relevant taxable year.

In some instances, where our shareholders may be liable for Israeli tax on the sale of their ordinary shares, the payment of the consideration may be subject to the withholding of Israeli tax. Shareholders may be required to demonstrate that they are exempt from tax on their capital gains in order to avoid withholding tax at the time of sale.

Non-Israeli residents (whether individuals or corporations) are generally subject to Israeli income tax on the receipt of dividends paid on our ordinary shares at the rate of 25%, which tax will be withheld at source, unless relief is provided in a treaty between Israel and the shareholder’s country of residence (subject to the receipt in advance of a valid certificate from the ITA allowing for a reduced tax rate). With respect to a person who is a “Substantial Shareholder” at the time of receiving the dividend or at any time during the preceding 12 months, the applicable tax rate is 30%. A “Substantial Shareholder” is generally a person who alone or together with such person’s relative or another person who collaborates with such person on a permanent basis, holds, directly or indirectly, at least 10% of any of the “Means of Control” of the corporation. “Means of Control” generally include the right to vote, receive profits, nominate a director or an executive officer, receive assets upon liquidation, or order someone who holds any of the aforesaid rights how to act, regardless of the source of such right. Such dividends are generally subject to Israeli withholding tax at a rate of 25% so long as the shares are registered with a nominee company (whether the recipient is a Substantial Shareholder or not) and, subject to the receipt in advance of a valid certificate from the ITA allowing for a reduced tax rate, 15% if the dividend is distributed from income attributed to an Approved Enterprise or a Benefited Enterprise, 20% if the dividend is distributed from income attributed to a Preferred Enterprise, and 4% if the dividend distributed to a non-Israeli corporation from income attributed to a Preferred Technological Enterprise provided that at least 90% of the distributing company is held directly by non-Israeli companies, unless a reduced tax rate is provided under an applicable tax treaty. For example, under the U.S.-Israel Tax Treaty, the maximum rate of tax withheld at source in Israel on dividends paid to a holder of our ordinary shares who is a Treaty U.S. Resident is 25%. However, generally, the maximum rate of withholding tax on dividends, not generated by a Preferred Enterprise or Beneficiary Enterprise, that are paid to a United States corporation holding 10% or more of the outstanding voting capital throughout the tax year in which the dividend is distributed as well as during the previous tax year, is 12.5%, provided that not more than 25% of the gross income for such preceding year consists of certain types of dividends and interest. Notwithstanding the foregoing, dividends distributed from income attributed to an Approved Enterprise, Beneficiary Enterprise or Preferred Enterprise are not entitled to such reduction under the tax treaty but are subject to a withholding tax rate of 15% for a shareholder that is a U.S. corporation, provided that the conditions related to 10% or more holding and to our gross income for the previous year (as set forth in the previous sentence) is met. If the dividend is attributable partly to income derived from an Approved Enterprise, Benefited Enterprise or Preferred Enterprise, and partly to other sources of income, the withholding rate will be a blended rate reflecting the relative portions of the two types of income. We cannot assure you that we will designate the profits that we may distribute in a way that will reduce shareholders’ tax liability.

A non-Israeli resident who receives dividends from which tax was withheld is generally exempt from the obligation to file tax returns in Israel with respect to such income, provided that (i) such income was not generated from business conducted in Israel by the taxpayer, (ii) the taxpayer has no other taxable sources of income in Israel with respect to which a tax return is required to be filed, and (iii) the taxpayer is not obligated to pay excess tax.

The following summary describes certain U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to U.S. Holders (as defined below) of our ordinary shares. This summary deals only with our ordinary shares held as capital assets within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code. This summary also does not address the tax consequences that may be relevant to holders in special tax situations including, without limitation, dealers in securities, traders that elect to use a mark-to-market method of accounting, holders that own our ordinary shares as part of a “straddle,” “hedge,” “conversion transaction,” or other integrated investment, banks or other financial institutions, individual retirement accounts and other tax-deferred accounts, insurance companies, tax-exempt organizations, U.S. expatriates, holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar, holders subject to the alternative minimum tax, holders that acquired our ordinary shares in a compensatory transaction, holders subject to special tax accounting rules as a result of any item of gross income with respect to the ordinary shares being taken into account in an applicable financial statement, holders of Convertible Notes or ordinary shares acquired upon a conversion of Convertible Notes, or holders that actually or constructively own 10% or more of the total voting power or value of our shares.

This summary is based upon the Code, applicable U.S. Treasury regulations, administrative pronouncements and judicial decisions, in each case as in effect on the date hereof, all of which are subject to change (possibly with retroactive effect). This summary does not address any U.S. federal tax consequences other than U.S. federal income tax consequences (such as the estate and gift tax or the Medicare tax on net investment income).

As used herein, the term “U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of our ordinary shares that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes: (i) a citizen or resident of the United States, (ii) a corporation or other entity taxable as a corporation created or organized under the laws of the United States or any state thereof or therein or the District of Columbia, (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source, or (iv) a trust (a) that is subject to the supervision of a court within the United States and the control of one or more United States persons as described in Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code, or (b) that has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a United States person.

If an entity or other arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes acquires our ordinary shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership generally will depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of a partnership considering an investment in our ordinary shares should consult their tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of acquiring, owning, and disposing of our ordinary shares.

Subject to the discussion below under “—Passive Foreign Investment Company,” the gross amount of dividends (including the amount of any Israeli taxes withheld therefrom) paid to a U.S. Holder with respect to our ordinary shares generally will be included in the U.S. Holder’s gross income as ordinary income from foreign sources to the extent paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes). Distributions in excess of earnings and profits will be treated as a non-taxable return of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in our ordinary shares and thereafter as capital gain. However, we do not intend to calculate our earnings and profits under U.S. federal income tax principles. Therefore, U.S. Holders should expect that a distribution will generally be treated as a dividend even if that distribution would otherwise be treated as a non-taxable return of capital or as capital gain under the rules described above.

The amount of any distribution paid in a currency other than U.S. dollars including the amount of any withholding tax thereon, will be included in the gross income of a U.S. Holder in an amount equal to the U.S. dollar value of the foreign currency calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the date of receipt, regardless of whether the foreign currency is converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt. If the foreign currency is converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, a U.S. Holder generally should not be required to recognize foreign currency gain or loss in respect of the distribution. If the foreign currency received in the distribution is not converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, a U.S. Holder will have a basis in the foreign currency equal to its U.S. dollar value on the date of receipt. Any gain or loss on a subsequent conversion or other disposition of the foreign currency will be treated as ordinary income or loss.

Dividends paid to a U.S. Holder with respect to our ordinary shares generally will be treated as foreign source income that is “passive category income,” which may be relevant in calculating a U.S. Holder’s foreign tax credit limitation. Subject to certain conditions and limitations, Israeli taxes withheld on dividends may be credited against a U.S. Holder’s United States federal income tax liability or, at such U.S. Holder’s election, be deducted from its U.S. federal taxable income. An election to deduct creditable foreign taxes instead of claiming foreign tax credits applies to all such foreign taxes paid or accrued in the taxable year. Recently issued final U.S. Treasury regulations have imposed additional requirements that must be met for a foreign tax to be creditable. However, a recent notice from the IRS indicates that the U.S. Department of the Treasury and the IRS are considering proposing amendments to such regulations and allows, subject to certain conditions, taxpayers to defer the application of many aspects of such regulations for taxable years beginning on or after December 28, 2021 and ending before the date that a notice or other guidance withdrawing or modifying the temporary relief is issued (or any later date specified in such notice or other guidance). The rules relating to the determination of the foreign tax credit are complex, and U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisor to determine whether and to what extent, they will be entitled to this credit or to a deduction in lieu of a credit.

Dividends paid to a non-corporate U.S. Holder by a “qualified foreign corporation” may be subject to reduced rates of taxation if certain holding period and other requirements are met. “A qualified foreign corporation” generally includes a foreign corporation (other than a foreign corporation that is a PFIC (as defined below) with respect to the relevant U.S. Holder for the taxable year in which the dividends are paid or for the preceding taxable year) (i) whose ordinary shares are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States, or (ii) which is eligible for benefits under a comprehensive U.S. income tax treaty that includes an exchange of information program and which the U.S. Treasury Department has determined is satisfactory for these purposes. Our ordinary shares are currently listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, an established securities market. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisor regarding the availability of the reduced tax rate on dividends in light of their particular circumstances. The dividends will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction available to corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S. corporations.

Subject to the discussion below under “—Passive Foreign Investment Company,” a U.S. Holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes on the sale or other taxable disposition of our ordinary shares equal to the difference, if any, between the amount realized and the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in ordinary shares. In general, capital gains recognized by a non-corporate U.S. Holder, including an individual, are subject to a lower rate under current law if such U.S. Holder held shares for more than one year. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. Any such gain or loss generally will be treated as U.S. source income or loss for purposes of the foreign tax credit. A U.S. Holder’s initial tax basis in shares generally will equal the cost of such shares.

In general, a non-U.S. corporation will be classified as a PFIC for any taxable year if at least (i) 75% of its gross income is classified as “passive income,” or (ii) 50% of its assets (determined on the basis of a quarterly average) produce or are held for the production of passive income. For these purposes, passive income generally includes interest, dividends, royalties, rents, gains from commodities and securities transactions, and the excess of gains over losses from the disposition of assets which produce passive income. In making this determination, the non-U.S. corporation is treated as earning its proportionate share of any income and owning its proportionate share of any assets of any corporation in which it holds a 25% or greater interest. Based on the trading price of our ordinary shares and the composition of our income, assets and operations, we do not expect to be classified as a PFIC for the taxable year that ended on December 31, 2023, or for the current taxable year. However, the determination of whether we are a PFIC is a factual determination that is made annually, after the close of the taxable year. Moreover, the value of our assets for purposes of the PFIC determination generally will be determined by reference to the public price of our ordinary shares, which may fluctuate significantly. Therefore, there is no assurance that we would not be classified as a PFIC for any taxable year due to, for example, changes in the composition of our assets or income, as well as changes in our market capitalization. Under the PFIC rules, if we were considered a PFIC at any time that a U.S. Holder holds our ordinary shares, we would continue to be treated as a PFIC with respect to such holder’s investment unless (i) we cease to be a PFIC, and (ii) the U.S. Holder has made a “deemed sale” election under the PFIC rules.

If we are considered a PFIC for any taxable year that a U.S. Holder holds our ordinary shares, any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder on a sale or other disposition of our ordinary shares would be allocated pro rata over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the ordinary shares. The amounts allocated to the taxable year of the sale or other disposition and to any year before we became a PFIC would be taxed as ordinary income. The amount allocated to each other taxable year would be subject to tax at the highest rate in effect for individuals or corporations, as appropriate, for that taxable year, and an interest charge would be imposed. Further, to the extent that any distribution received by a U.S. Holder on our ordinary shares exceeds 125% of the average of the annual distributions on the ordinary shares received during the preceding three years or the U.S. Holder’s holding period, whichever is shorter, that distribution would be subject to taxation in the same manner as gain on the sale or other disposition of ordinary shares if we were a PFIC, described above. Certain elections may be available that would result in alternative treatments (such as mark-to-market treatment) of the ordinary shares. If we are treated as a PFIC with respect to a U.S. Holder for any taxable year, the U.S. Holder will be deemed to own shares in any of our subsidiaries that also are PFICs. However, because a mark-to-market election cannot be made for any lower-tier PFICs that we may own, a U.S. Holder generally will continue to be subject to the PFIC rules discussed above with respect to its indirect interest in any of our subsidiaries that also are PFICs. A timely election to treat us as a qualified electing fund under the Code would result in an alternative treatment. However, we do not intend to prepare or provide the information that would enable U.S. Holders to make a qualified electing fund election. If we are considered a PFIC, a U.S. Holder also will be subject to annual information reporting requirements. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisor about the potential application of the PFIC rules to an investment in the ordinary shares and the availability of any of the elections described above.

Distributions on, and proceeds paid, from the sale or other taxable disposition of ordinary shares may be subject to information reporting to the IRS. In addition, a U.S. Holder (other than exempt holders who establish their exempt status if required) may be subject to backup withholding on cash payments received in connection with dividend payments and proceeds from the sale or other taxable disposition of our ordinary shares made within the United States or through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries.

Backup withholding will not apply, however, to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number, makes other required certification and otherwise complies with the applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, any amount withheld under the backup withholding rules will be creditable or refundable against the U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

Certain U.S. Holders are required to report their holdings of certain foreign financial assets, including equity of foreign entities, if the aggregate value of all of these assets exceeds certain threshold amounts. The ordinary shares are expected to constitute foreign financial assets subject to these requirements unless the ordinary shares are held in an account at certain financial institutions. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisor regarding the application of these reporting requirements, and the significant penalties for non-compliance.

We are currently subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to foreign private issuers and fulfill the obligations of these requirements by filing reports with the SEC. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act relating to the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and our officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we are not required under the Exchange Act to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act. However, we are required to file with the SEC, within 120 days after the end of each subsequent fiscal year, an annual report on Form 20-F containing financial statements which will be examined and reported on, with an opinion expressed, by an independent public accounting firm. We also furnish with the SEC reports on Form 6-K containing quarterly unaudited financial information.

Our SEC filings are available to you on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. This site contains reports and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The information on that website is not part of this annual report and is not incorporated by reference herein.

We are exposed to a variety of risks, including foreign currency exchange fluctuations, changes in interest rates and inflation. We regularly assess currency, interest rate and inflation risks to minimize any adverse effects on our business as a result of those factors.

Our results of operations and cash flows are affected by fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. In 2023, approximately 67% of our revenues were denominated in U.S. dollars and approximately 33% in other currencies, primarily in Euros, British Pounds, Japanese Yen, Mexican Pesos, Canadian Dollar, Australian Dollar and the Brazilian Real. In addition, in 2023, approximately 66% of our cost of revenues and operating expenses were denominated in U.S. dollars and approximately 27% in New Israeli Shekels. Our NIS-denominated expenses consist primarily of personnel and overhead costs. Since a significant portion of our expenses are denominated in NIS, any appreciation of the NIS relative to the U.S. dollar would adversely impact our net loss or net income (if any).

Our primary processing provider converts payments collected from our premium users in British pound- and euro-denominated payments to us into U.S. dollars in consideration for the payment of an additional fee; however, since the original payments are not received in dollars this does not reduce our overall exposure to exchange rate fluctuations between these currencies and the U.S. dollar.

The following table presents information about the changes in the exchange rates of the NIS against the U.S. dollar:

The figures above represent the change in the average exchange rate in the given period compared to the average exchange rate in the immediately preceding period. Negative figures represent depreciation of the U.S. dollar compared to the NIS.

A 10% increase (decrease) in the value of the NIS against the U.S. dollar would have increased (decreased) our net loss by approximately $43.1 million in 2023. We estimate that a 10% concurrent devaluation of the Euros, British Pound, Brazilian Real, Japanese Yen, Mexican Pesos, Australian Dollar and Canadian Dollar against the U.S. dollar would have increased our net loss by approximately $48 million in 2023.

To protect against the increase in value of forecasted foreign currency cash flow resulting from expenses paid in NIS during the year, we have instituted a foreign currency cash flow hedging program.

We hedge certain portions of the anticipated payroll of our Israeli employees and Israeli suppliers denominated in NIS for a period of one to 12 months, as well as portions of our headquarter lease payments denominated in NIS, with forward contracts and other derivative instruments. In addition, we hedge a portion of our revenue transactions denominated in euros and British pounds. See Note 2(l) of our audited consolidated financial statements included in Item 18 of this annual report.

Our results of operations may also be impacted by currency translation gains and losses on monetary assets and liabilities, primarily cash and cash equivalents and restricted deposits denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Any such gains or losses only impact the dollar value of our non-dollar denominated cash and cash equivalents and restricted deposits and result from changes in reported values due to exchange rate fluctuations between the beginning and the end of reporting periods. As of December 31, 2023, we had $1.01 billion of cash and cash equivalents, restricted deposits and marketable securities denominated in U.S. dollars and $19.1 million denominated in other currencies, primarily Israeli Shekel, Euro, British Pounds, Japanese Yen and the Brazilian Real.

We do not believe we have material exposure to interest rate risk due to the fact that we have no long-term borrowings that incur interest.

We do not believe we have any material exposure to inflationary risks.

None.

None.

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2023. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of December 31, 2023, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective such that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by our board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:

•pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets;

•provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and

•provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Our management has concluded, based on its assessment, that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2023 to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external reporting purposes, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

Our independent registered public accounting firm, Kost Forer Gabbay & Kasierer, a member of Ernst & Young Global, has audited the consolidated financial statements included in this annual report on Form 20-F, and as part of its audit, has issued its attestation report regarding the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. The report of Kost Forer Gabbay & Kasierer is included with our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report and is incorporated herein by reference.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this annual report that have materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Our board of directors has determined that Ron Gutler qualifies as an audit committee financial expert, as defined by the rules of the SEC and has the requisite financial experience defined by the NASDAQ Marketplace Rules. In addition, Mr. Gutler is independent as such term is defined in Rule 10A-3(b)(1) under the Exchange Act and under the listing standards of the NASDAQ Global Market.

We have adopted a code of ethics and proper business conduct applicable to our executive officers, directors and all other employees. A copy of the code is delivered to every employee of Wix.com Ltd. and all of its subsidiaries and is available to investors and others on our website at http://investors.wix.com or by contacting our investor relations department. Any amendments or waivers of this code for executive officers or directors will be disclosed within five business days following the date of such amendment or waiver on our website. We have also implemented a training program for new and existing employees concerning the code of ethics and proper business conduct. We did not grant any waivers under our code of ethics in 2023.

We paid the following fees for professional services rendered by Kost Forer Gabbay & Kasierer, a member or Ernst & Young Global, an independent registered public accounting firm, for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023:

“Audit fees” are the aggregate fees paid for the audit of our annual financial statements. This category also includes services that generally the independent accountant provides, such as consents and assistance with and review of documents filed with the SEC.

“Audit-related fees” are the aggregate fees paid for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit and are not reported under audit fees. These fees primarily include accounting consultations regarding the accounting treatment of matters that occur in the regular course of business, implications of new accounting pronouncements and other accounting issues that occur from time to time.

“Tax fees” include fees for professional services rendered by our independent registered public accounting firm for tax compliance and tax advice on actual or contemplated transactions.

Our audit committee has adopted a pre-approval policy for the engagement of our independent accountant to perform certain audit and non-audit services. Pursuant to this policy, which is designed to assure that such engagements do not impair the independence of our auditors, the audit committee pre-approves annually a catalog of specific audit and non-audit services in the categories of audit service, audit-related service and tax services that may be performed by our independent accountants.

During 2023, we repurchased 1,348,865 ordinary shares for an aggregate purchase price of $127.0 million under our repurchase programs authorized by our board of directors and announced in January 2023 and December 2023. The table below provides detailed information.

(1) All ordinary shares were purchased pursuant to our publicly announced $300 million repurchase plan.

In July 2023, our board of directors authorized a new repurchase program under which up to $500 million was available to purchase our ordinary shares and/or Convertible Notes. The repurchase plan, as authorized by our board of directors, and approved by the Israeli court in December 2023 for an amount of $300 million, provided the Company with the authority to make repurchases of $300 million of our ordinary shares and/or Convertible Notes through July 30, 2024. As of February 13, 2024, we completed the entirety of the $300 million court-approved repurchase amount. Our repurchase program was subsequently increased by the board of directors by an additional $25 million, leaving a total of $225 million remaining for repurchase under the Board approved program. The specific timing and amount of repurchases under the repurchase program for the remaining $225 million, will depend upon several factors, including market and business conditions, the trading price of our ordinary shares, and the nature of other investment opportunities. In addition, our ability to repurchase may be limited by law, regulatory authority or agreements with third parties.