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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

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FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

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For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024

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For the transition period from __________ to ___________

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Commission File Number: 001-34857

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Gold Resource Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

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7900 E. Union Ave, Suite 320, Denver, Colorado 80237

(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

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(303) 320-7708

(Registrant’s telephone number including area code)

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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

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Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ◻ No ⌧

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Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ◻ No ⌧

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ⌧ No ◻

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ⌧ No ◻

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C.7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ◻

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If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ⌧

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Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ⌧

Indicate by check mark whether registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ◻ No ⌧

The aggregate market value of the common stock of Gold Resource Corporation held by non-affiliates as of June 30, 2024, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $34,119,764 based on the closing price of the common stock of $0.37 as reported on the NYSE American.

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As of April 4, 2025, there were 120,442,686 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

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DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:

Portions of the Definitive Proxy Statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A for the registrant’s 2025 annual meeting of shareholders will be filed no later than 120 days after the close of Registrant’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, and are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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2024 SUMMARY

The summary for the full-year ended December 31, 2024 is included below and discussed further under Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations:

Don David Gold Mine:

Corporate and Financial:

1 Gold equivalent is determined by taking gold ounces produced and sold, plus silver ounces produced and sold, converted to gold equivalent ounces using the gold to silver average realized price ratio for the period.

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Liquidity Update

Tonnes and grade, with respect to the Company’s mining operations at DDGM, declined during 2024 and are below guidance. There are several factors that caused these declines. The Company has encountered significant issues with equipment availability due to the age and condition of some of the critical mining equipment in use at the mine. Due to the continued challenges with equipment availability and the decreased cash due to prior production shortfalls, the Company was not able to maintain its projected timeline for the development of future production zones. As a result, the Company is currently mining only one face at a time in areas that are accessible. The current lack of other available production zones has placed additional pressure on the Company’s ability to achieve its production estimates, as any problems encountered at the current production zone cannot be offset by production elsewhere in the mine. In addition, the mill also experienced some mechanical issues and wet ore handling difficulties due to unusually high rain fall during the year that resulted in lower throughput and a production shortfall. To minimize the mechanical issues and return the mine to a cash positive position, capital is necessary to replace some of the mining fleet and upgrade the mill.

The Company believes that the mine has significant potential to generate positive cash flow based on the information to date from the new areas of the Three Sisters, as well as other areas that have been discovered near the existing mining zones. In order to develop access and better define these new areas, an investment must be made in the equipment and mine plan. Without the addition of these areas to the life-of-mine plan, the Company does not believe that the mine will generate sufficient free cash flow in the near term.

Despite production improving in the fourth quarter, the Company’s inability to achieve its production estimates and lack of adequate liquidity has created substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. The Company previously announced that it would require approximately $7.0 million to obtain additional mining equipment and for mill upgrades. Management is currently looking to reduce the amount necessary for mining equipment purchases by looking for good used equipment and or using a third-party contractor that will provide its own equipment. The Company also expects to require approximately $8.0 million in working capital over the next 12 months in order to fund the initial development to access the Three Sisters and Splay 31 systems, although not all of this capital will be required immediately. Due to the 2024 production challenges described above, the Company does not believe that the mine will generate sufficient cash flow to fund these improvements. The Company is evaluating various financing options in order to fund this development in the near term. The Company raised $2.5 million through a registered direct offering in January 2025. Additionally, the Company raised $3.0 million through its ATM Program in January and February 2025 and intends to utilize it further to raise additional capital, as required, throughout the year. Further, in February 2025, the Company sold its interest in Green Light Metals for approximately $0.9 million.

If the Company is unable to obtain this additional capital and successfully develop the new mining areas, the continued operation of the mine may not be possible beyond the first half of 2025. If continued operation of the mine is not possible, the Company may be compelled to place the mine on “care and maintenance” status, which would likely trigger significant severance and other costs, which the Company may not be able to pay.

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

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This report contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The Company uses the words “anticipate,” “continue,” “likely,” “estimate,” “expect,” “may,” “could,” “will,” “project,” “should,” “believe,” and similar expressions (including negative and grammatical variations) to identify forward looking statements. Such forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements regarding:

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Forward-looking statements are neither historical facts nor assurances of future performance. Rather, they are based only on the Company’s current beliefs, expectations, and assumptions regarding the future of its business, future plans and strategies, projections, anticipated events and trends, the economy, and other future conditions. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks, and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict, and many of which are outside of the Company’s control. The Company’s actual results and financial condition may differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements. Therefore, you should not rely on any of these forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause the Company’s actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:

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Many of these factors are beyond the Company’s ability to control or predict. Although the Company believes that the expectations reflected in its forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, such expectations may prove to be materially incorrect due to known and unknown risks and uncertainties. You should not unduly rely on any of the Company’s forward-looking statements. These statements speak only as of the date of this annual report on Form 10-K. Except as required by law, the Company is not obligated to publicly release any revisions to these forward-looking statements to reflect future events or developments. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to the Company and persons acting on its behalf are qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained in this section and elsewhere in this annual report on Form 10-K.

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PART I

History and Organization

In this report, “Company” and “GRC” refer to Gold Resource Corporation together with its subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise requires. See Item 2. Properties—Glossary for additional definitions.

Gold Resource Corporation was organized under the laws of Colorado, USA on August 24, 1998. Since 2010, the Company has produced gold and silver doré and copper, lead, and zinc concentrates in Oaxaca, Mexico at its subsidiary, Don David Gold Mexico S.A. de C.V. (“Don David Gold Mine” or “DDGM”). The Don David Gold Mine holds six properties located in what is known as the San Jose structural corridor. The Company’s properties span 55 continuous kilometers of this structural corridor, which include three historic mining districts in Oaxaca.

On December 10, 2021, the Company successfully completed the acquisition of all the issued and outstanding common shares of Aquila Resources Inc (“Aquila”). Aquila’s principal asset is its 100% interest in the Back Forty Project located in Menominee County, Michigan, USA. The Back Forty Project has a polymetallic (gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc) Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide deposit. The Back Forty Project controls surface and mineral rights through ownership and leases with the State of Michigan. Optimization work related to metallurgy and the economic model was completed during the third quarter of 2023, and the Company released the Back Forty Project Technical Report Summary, effective as of September 30, 2023, on October 26, 2023 (the “Back Forty Project Technical Report Summary”). Results of the work indicate a more robust economic project with no planned impacts to wetlands that is more protective of the environment, which should facilitate a successful mine permitting process. The Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) continues to evaluate options that could lead to the development of the Back Forty Project.

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Mexico Production Stage Properties:

The primary production stage properties at DDGM commenced operations in 2010. The current operations include the Arista underground mine and the DDGM processing facility. The DDGM processing facility currently produces metal concentrates from ore mined at the Arista Mine. The Arista Mine was expanded in 2016 with the development of the Switchback vein system. The Arista Mine portal is located approximately two kilometers from the processing facility. Additionally, underground mining at the Alta Gracia Mine was conducted from 2017 to 2019. Alta Gracia is approximately 32 kilometers from the processing facilities.

The Arista and Alta Gracia Mines include a total of approximately 30,000 hectares of mining concessions, access roads from a major highway, haul roads, a processing facility and adjoining buildings, an assay lab, a now depleted open pit, underground mines, tailings facilities, and other infrastructure. Please see Item 2. Properties for additional information.

Mexico Exploration Prospects:

The Company’s current land package sits within the highly prospective 55-kilometer-long San Jose structural corridor, in Oaxaca, Mexico. Multiple volcanic domes of various scales, and likely non-vented intrusive domes, dominate the district geology. These volcanogenic features are imposed on a pre-volcanic basement of sedimentary rocks. Gold and silver, as well as base metal mineralization in this district is related to the manifestations of this classic volcanogenic system and is considered epithermal in character. The Company intends to advance organic growth and to unlock the value of the mine, existing infrastructure, and its large property position by continuing to invest in exploration and development. Please see Item 2. Properties for additional information.

Back Forty Project:

There is a long history of exploration at the Back Forty Project. After the acquisition of Aquila and the Back Forty Project by the Company in 2021, optimization work was initiated to address the mine’s footprint, potential for an underground mine, wetland mitigation, and other key construction and design decisions. This optimization work related to a change in mine design, tailings relocation, metallurgy, and the economic model was completed, and the Company released the Back Forty Project Technical Report Summary on October 26, 2023.

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Results of the work indicate a more robust economic project with no planned impacts to wetlands that are more protective of the environment, which should facilitate a successful mine permitting process. With much higher copper and gold prices since the technical was completed for Back Forty, the Board continues to evaluate options that could lead to the development of the project. Please see Item 2. Properties for additional information.

Before the Aquila acquisition, Aquila’s common shares were traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”) under the ticker symbol AQA. Effective December 10, 2021, Aquila ceased to be a reporting issuer in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Ontario, and Nova Scotia. At the same time, GRC became a reporting issuer in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Ontario, and Nova Scotia by virtue of the completion of the acquisition. As a Canadian reporting issuer, GRC is now required to file reports on the System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval (“SEDAR”) in Canada. All financial statements filed on SEDAR conform to United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”).

Administrative Offices:

The Company’s principal executive offices are located at 7900 E. Union Ave, Suite 320, Denver, Colorado 80237, and its telephone number is (303) 320-7708. The Company maintains a website at www.goldresourcecorp.com. Information on its website is not incorporated into this annual report on Form 10-K and is not a part of this report. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) maintains an internet site (www.sec.gov) on which the reports that the Company files with the SEC are available to review. The SEC filings can also be accessed through the Company’s website.

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2024 Developments

For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company reported a net loss of $56.5 million. The loss is mainly attributable to low production due to a reduction in equipment availability and insufficient development to higher grade areas of the deposit, which resulted in higher production and capital costs (including but not limited to energy, payroll, services, and equipment costs). Financial results for 2024 include revenue of $65.7 million and mine gross loss of $20.5 million. The Company’s production results for the year totaled 9,906 gold ounces, 919,836 silver ounces, 642 copper tonnes, 2,682 lead tonnes, and 7,805 zinc tonnes.

For the tenth consecutive year, DDGM received the prestigious ESR award from the Mexican Center for Philanthropy (“CEMEFI”). Awards are given to organizations that demonstrate a commitment to supporting social and environmental protection programs within their local communities.

In 2024, the Company’s exploration activities were focused on drilling at the Arista, Switchback and Three Sisters vein systems within the Arista Mine. During the year, the Company completed 87 underground diamond drill holes totaling 12,761 meters. This included one expansion drill hole totaling 324 meters, 22 infill drill holes totaling 7,348 meters, and 63 ore-control drill holes totaling 4,974 meters. Additionally, one geo-technical hole was drilled totaling 115 meters in support of the construction of a ventilation raise. The Company also completed a limited amount of drift development to support the expansion, infill, and grade control drilling.

During 2024, exploration was primarily dedicated to infill drilling on multiple high-grade, polymetallic epithermal veins within the recently discovered Three Sisters vein system and the Splay 31 vein within the northern extension of the Arista vein system. This drilling was aimed at defining additional Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves. The Three Sisters vein system, located near existing mine infrastructure and consisting of at least 10 distinct veins, including the Gloria vein, is located between and north of the Arista and Switchback vein systems. Both the Three Sisters and North Arista vein systems remain the primary drill targets in 2025. The 2024 drilling program successfully upgraded significant inferred Mineral Resources to the measured and indicated Mineral Resource categories within the Three Sisters vein system, as well as in the Splay 31 vein. All areas remain open for further expansion drilling both up- and down-dip, as well as along strike to the northwest.

Surface exploration activities during 2024 focused on evaluating and prioritizing advanced-stage projects within the 551 km2 land package controlled by DDGM surrounding the Arista Mine. These activities included re-processing historical geologic information comprised of mapping, sampling, geophysics, and drill data from various projects, such as Rey, Alta Gracia, Margaritas, Chamizo, and Jabali. Additionally, prospects near the Arista Mine were re-evaluated for their near-term potential, aiming to define additional near-mine drill targets. The Company’s continued exploration efforts demonstrate its commitment to long-term investment in Oaxaca, Mexico.

In connection with the Back Forty Project, the Company is monitoring the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ review of a petition by the Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin (“MITW”) to have the Menominee River designated as Navigable under Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbor Act. The MITW asked the Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to revisit whether they—as opposed to the state of Michigan—should exercise authority over Aquila’s Back Forty permit applications. In response to a petition from the MITW, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is updating its navigability study on the Menominee River, which is expected to be completed sometime in 2025.

Dividends

In February 2023, to conserve cash for development and equipment expenses, the Company announced the suspension of its quarterly dividend until such time that it may become practicable to reinstate such dividend. Please see Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchase of Equity Securities for additional information regarding the Company’s dividend policy.

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Insurance

The Company’s business is capital intensive and requires ongoing investment for the replacement, modernization, or expansion of equipment and facilities. For more information, please see Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources below. The Company maintains insurance policies against property loss and business interruption and insure against most risks that are typical in the operation of its business in amounts that the Company believes to be reasonable. Such insurance, however, contains exclusions and limitations on coverage, particularly with respect to property loss, environmental liability, and political risk. There can be no assurance that claims would be paid under such insurance policies in connection with a particular event. Please see Item 1A. Risk Factors below for additional information.

Competitive Business Conditions

The acquisition of gold and silver properties is subject to intense competition. Identifying and evaluating potential mining prospects is a costly and time-consuming endeavor. In 2021, the Company successfully acquired the Back Forty Project as discussed above. The Company expects to continue significant investment in exploration and growth activities in the future; however, competition for acquiring mineral prospects will continue to be intense.

Government Regulations and Permits

In connection with mining, milling, and exploration activities in Mexico, the Company is subject to Mexican federal, state, and local laws and regulations governing the protection of the environment, including laws and regulations relating to the protection of air and water quality, hazardous waste management, mine reclamation, as well as the protection of endangered or threatened species. The government department responsible for environmental protection in Mexico is Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (“SEMARNAT”). SEMARNAT has broad authority over environmental regulations and standards. Potential areas of environmental consideration for mining companies include, but are not limited to, acid rock drainage, cyanide containment and handling, contamination of water sources, dust, and noise.

For operations at the Don David Gold Mine, the Company has secured and continues to maintain various regulatory permits from federal, state, and local agencies. These governmental and regulatory permits generally govern the processes being used to operate, the stipulations concerning air quality, water issues, hazardous and waste management, and the plans and obligations for reclamation of the properties at the conclusion of operations. These laws and regulations are continually changing and are generally becoming more restrictive.

The Company’s production stage mines in Mexico have reclamation plans in place that it believes meet all applicable legal and regulatory requirements. As of December 31, 2024, $10.6 million has been accrued on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets for reclamation costs relating to its production and exploration stage properties in Mexico. In addition, the Company accrued $0.1 million for drill-hole capping in Michigan.

The State of Michigan has been delegated authority under federal environmental law to issue all necessary environmental permits required for the Back Forty Project. The State of Michigan’s “Natural Resource Environmental Protection Act” provides rules and regulations for the State Department of Environment, Great Lakes and Energy (EGLE) to issue permits for mining, treated wastewater discharge, air emissions, and related environmental permits necessary for the Back Forty Project.

Customers

During the year ended December 31, 2024, three customers accounted for 91% of the Company’s revenue from DDGM. In the event that the Company’s relationship with any of the customers is interrupted for any reason, the Company believes that it would be able to locate another entity to purchase its products in a timely manner on substantially similar terms. However, any interruption could temporarily disrupt the sale of the Company’s principal products and materially adversely affect its operating results.

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The Company periodically reviews its options for alternative sales outlets to mitigate the concentration of risk in case of any unforeseen disruptions.

Human Capital Resources

The Company values excellence and recognizes that embracing the diverse backgrounds, skills, and perspectives of the local workforce will lead to a competitive advantage. The Company is committed to leading by example and maintaining a fair and inclusive work environment built on mutual respect and integrity. Diversity means understanding, accepting, respecting, and valuing differences among people regardless of age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, religion or spiritual practices, disabilities, sexual orientation, gender identity, family status, or veteran status.

The Company believes it has good morale and a dedicated workforce. The Company’s human capital resources objectives include, as applicable, identifying, recruiting, retaining, incentivizing, and integrating its existing employees and new hires. The principal purposes of the Company’s equity incentive plans are to attract, retain, and motivate selected employees and directors by granting stock-based compensation awards that align employee compensation with shareholder returns.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company had 465 employees at DDGM. There were 15 full-time corporate employees, three of whom serve as executive officers, and three full-time employees in Michigan who are fully dedicated to progressing the Back Forty Project.

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ITEM 1A.RISK FACTORS

The Company’s business, and the mining industry in general, is influenced by significant risks and uncertainties. These risks include those described below and may include additional risks and uncertainties not presently known or currently deemed immaterial. The Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks, and the trading price of the Company’s common stock could decline by virtue of these risks. These risks should be read in conjunction with the other information in this annual report on Form 10-K.

Financial Risks

There is substantial doubt about whether the Company can continue as a going concern.

At December 31, 2024, the Company’s aggregate cash and cash equivalents totaled approximately $1.6 million. As a result of challenges encountered in mining and processing at DDGM, the Company is not currently generating positive cash flow from its mining operations. The Company’s financial position and recent operating results, along with its inability to achieve its production estimates, raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Failure to raise some form of long-term debt or additional equity capital will cause the Company to further increase its working capital decline, and the Company may be compelled to place the mine on “care and maintenance” status and cease operations until sufficient capital is available. Additionally, even if the Company does raise sufficient capital to support its operating expenses and generate revenues, there can be no assurances that the revenue will be sufficient to enable it to achieve a level where it generates profits and positive cash flows from operations.

The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern. Such adjustments could be material.

The Company’s results of operations, cash flows, and the value of its properties are highly dependent on the market prices of gold, silver, and certain base metals, and these prices can be volatile.

The profitability of the Company’s mining operations and the value of its mining properties are directly related to the market price of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc. The price of gold and silver may also significantly influence the market price of the Company’s common stock. The market prices of these metals historically have fluctuated significantly and are affected by numerous factors beyond the Company’s control, including (i) global or regional consumption patterns; (ii) supply of and demand for gold, silver, and base metals on a worldwide basis; (iii) speculative and hedging activities; (iv) expectations for inflation; (v) political and economic conditions; (vi) supply of, and demand for, consumables required for extraction and processing of metals, and (vii) general economic conditions worldwide. Over the last five years (as reported on the London Bullion Market Association using the London PM Fix for gold and silver), gold prices have fluctuated from a low of $1,474 per ounce to a high of $2,778 per ounce, and silver prices have fluctuated from a low of $12.01 per ounce to a high of $34.51 per ounce. On December 31, 2024, the London PM Fix gold price was $2,609 per ounce, and the London PM silver price was $28.91 per ounce.

Currently, the Company does not use hedging transactions with respect to any of its metal production. Accordingly, the Company is fully exposed to price fluctuations in precious metals. In the event metal prices decline or remain low for prolonged periods of time, the Company might be unable to develop its exploration properties, which may materially adversely affect its results of operations, financial performance, and cash flows. An asset impairment charge may result from the occurrence of unexpected adverse events that impact the Company’s estimates of expected cash flows generated from its mining operations or the market value of its non-producing properties, including a material diminution in the price of metals.

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The Company may not achieve profitability.

The Company’s only production-stage property that produces revenue is DDGM in Mexico, and it may not generate sufficient cash flow to cover the Company’s operating, development, exploration, general and administrative, and other costs due to certain risk factors. Unexpected interruptions in the mining business may cause the Company to incur losses, or the revenue that is generated from extraction may not be sufficient to fund continuing operations, including exploration and mine development costs. The Company’s failure to generate future profits may materially adversely affect the price of its common stock, and stockholders may lose all or part of their investment. Metal prices and foreign currency rates have a significant impact on the Company’s profit margin, and there is no assurance that the Company will be profitable in the future. Please see Item 1A. Risk Factors—General Risks—The Company’s results of operations, cash flows, and the value of its properties are highly dependent on the market prices of gold, silver, and certain base metals and these prices can be volatile.

The Company requires access to additional capital in order to finance its business plans, and there is no guarantee the Company will have access to that capital on favorable terms, or at all.

The Company requires significant funds to develop, access, and determine if Mineral Reserves exist at any of its non-producing properties, continue exploration, and if warranted, develop existing properties and identify and acquire additional properties to diversify its property portfolio.

The Company’s ability to obtain necessary funding for these purposes, in turn, depends upon several factors, including historical and prospective results of operations, the status of the national and worldwide economy, the price of gold, silver, and other metals, the condition of the debt and equity markets, the costs associated with extracting and acquiring minerals, and the market value for its common stock. The Company may not be successful in generating or obtaining the required financing, or if it can obtain such financing, such financing may not be on terms that are favorable to the Company and its shareholders. The Company also may be unable to obtain funding by monetizing additional non-core exploration or other assets at an acceptable price.

The Company cannot provide assurance it will be able to obtain financing to fund its general and administrative costs and other working capital needs to fund continuing business activities in the future on favorable terms, or at all. Failure to obtain financing could result in delay or indefinite postponement of further mining operations, exploration, and construction, as well as the possible partial or total loss of the Company’s interest in its properties.

The Company’s ability to recognize the benefits of deferred tax assets is dependent on future cash flows and taxable income.

The Company recognizes deferred tax assets when the tax benefit is more likely than not to be realized; otherwise, a valuation allowance is applied against deferred tax assets. Assessing the recoverability of deferred tax assets requires management to make significant estimates related to expectations of future taxable income. Estimates of future taxable income are based on forecasted cash flows from operations and the application of existing tax laws in each jurisdiction. To the extent that future cash flows and taxable income differ significantly from estimates, the Company’s ability to realize the deferred tax assets could be impacted. Additionally, future changes in tax laws could limit the Company’s ability to realize the future tax benefits represented by its deferred tax assets.

The Company’s accounting and other estimates may be imprecise.

Preparing financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and related disclosure of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses at the date of the consolidated financial statements and reporting periods. The more significant areas requiring the use of management assumptions and estimates relate to:

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Future estimates and actual results may differ materially from these estimates as a result of using different assumptions or conditions. For additional information, see Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The Company may be required to repay a significant amount if it defaults under certain gold and silver stream agreements.

In connection with the Aquila acquisition, the Company assumed substantial liabilities related to the Gold and Silver Stream Agreements with Osisko (the “Osisko Stream Agreements”). Under the Osisko Stream Agreements, Osisko deposited a total of $37.2 million upfront in exchange for a portion of the future gold and silver production from the Back Forty Project. The Osisko Stream Agreements contain customary provisions regarding default and security. In the event that the Company’s subsidiary defaults under the Osisko Stream Agreements, including by failing to achieve commercial production by an agreed upon date, it may be required to repay the deposit plus accumulated interest at a rate agreed with Osisko. If the Company fails to do so, Osisko may elect to enforce its remedies as a secured party and take possession of the assets that comprise the Back Forty Project.

The Company’s revenues are concentrated among a select few customers. Any interruption in the Company’s relationship with such customers could materially affect the Company’s operating results.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, three customers accounted for 91% of the Company’s revenue from DDGM. In the event that the Company’s relationship with any of the customers is interrupted for any reason, the Company believes that it would be able to locate another entity to purchase its products in a timely manner on substantially similar terms. However, any interruption could temporarily disrupt the sale of the Company’s principal products and materially adversely affect its operating results.

Operational Risks

The Company’s production is derived from a single operating unit, and any interruptions or stoppages in its mining activities at that operating unit would materially adversely affect revenue.

The Company is dependent on revenues from a single operating unit to fund its operations. Any interruption in the Company’s ability to mine this location, such as a labor strike, natural disaster, or loss of permits would negatively impact its ability to generate revenue following such interruption. Additionally, if the Company is unable to develop additional mines economically, it will eventually deplete the body of mineralized material and will no longer generate cash flow sufficient to fund its operations. A decrease in, or cessation of, the Company’s mining operations at this operating unit would materially adversely affect its financial performance and may eventually cause the Company to cease operations.

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Since the Company’s current property portfolio is limited to one operating unit, its ability to be profitable over the long-term will depend on the Company’s ability to (1) expand the known Arista, Switchback and Three Sisters vein systems and /or identify, explore, and develop additional properties in Mexico, (2) successfully develop the Back Forty Project in Michigan, USA, or (3) acquire and develop an alternative project.

Gold and silver producers must continually replace reserves depleted by production to maintain production levels over the long-term and provide a return on invested capital. Depleted reserves can be replaced in several ways, including expanding known ore bodies, locating new deposits, or acquiring interests in reserves from third parties. Exploration is highly speculative in nature, capital intensive, involves many risks, and frequently unproductive. The Company’s current or future exploration programs may not result in new mineralization. Even if significant mineralization is discovered, it will likely take many years from the initial phases of exploration until commencement of production, during which time the economic feasibility of production may change.

From time to time, the Company may acquire mineral interests from other parties. Such acquisitions are based on an analysis of a variety of factors, including historical exploration results, estimates and assumptions regarding the extent of mineralized material and/or reserves, the timing of production from such reserves, and cash and other operating costs. In addition, the Company may rely on data and reports prepared by third parties, which may contain information or data that the Company would be unable to independently verify or confirm. All of these factors are uncertain and may impact the Company’s ability to develop the mineral interests.

As a result of these uncertainties, the Company’s exploration programs and any acquisitions which it may pursue may not result in the expansion or replacement of its current production with new ore reserves or operations, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, prospects, results of operations, and financial position.

Increased operating and capital costs have materially adversely impacted the Company’s results of operations and could continue to do so in the near term.

Costs at the Company’s mining properties are subject to fluctuation due to a number of factors, such as variable ore grade, changing metallurgy, and revisions to mine plans in response to the physical shape and location of the ore body, as well as the age and utilization rates for the mining and processing-related facilities and equipment. In addition, costs are affected by the price and availability of input commodities, such as fuel, electricity, labor, chemical reagents, explosives, steel, concrete, and mining and processing related equipment and facilities. Commodity costs are often subject to volatile price movements, including increases that could make mineral extraction less profitable. Further, changes in laws and regulations can affect commodity prices, uses, and transport. Reported costs may also be affected by changes in accounting standards. Increases in costs have materially adversely impacted the Company’s results of operations and operating cash flow and could continue to do so.

The Company could have significant increases in capital and operating costs over the next several years in connection with developing new projects in challenging jurisdictions and sustaining and/or expanding existing mining and processing operations. Costs associated with capital expenditures may increase in the future as a result of factors beyond the Company’s control, such as inflation. Increased capital expenditures may have an adverse effect on the results of operations and cash flow generated from existing operations, as well as the economic returns anticipated from new projects, or may make the development of future projects uneconomic.

Competition in the mining industry is intense, and the Company has limited financial and personnel resources with which to compete.

In the mining industry, competition for desirable properties, investment capital, and human capital is intense. Numerous companies headquartered in the United States, Canada, and worldwide compete for properties and human capital on a global basis. The Company is a small participant in the mining industry due to its limited financial and human capital resources. The Company presently operates with a limited number of people, and it anticipates operating in the same manner going forward. The Company competes with other companies in its industry to hire qualified employees and consultants when needed to operate its mines successfully and to advance its exploration properties. The Company may be unable to attract the necessary human capital to fully explore, and if warranted, develop its properties and be unable to acquire other desirable properties.

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The Company believes that competition for acquiring mineral properties, as well as the competition to attract and retain qualified human capital, will continue to be intense in the future.

Estimates of Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves and Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources include some uncertainty, such that the volume and grade of ore actually recovered may vary from the Company’s estimates.

The proven and probable Mineral Reserves stated in this report represent the amount of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc that the Company estimated at December 31, 2024, that could be economically and legally extracted or produced at the time of the reserve determination. Estimates of proven and probable Mineral Reserves and measured and indicated Mineral Resources are subject to considerable uncertainty. Such estimates are largely based on the prices of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc, as well as interpretations of geologic data obtained from drill holes and other exploration techniques. These prices and interpretations are subject to change. If the Company determines that certain estimated Mineral Reserves or Mineral Resources have become uneconomic, it may be forced to reduce its estimates. Actual production from proven and probable Mineral Reserves may be significantly less than the Company expects. There can be no assurance that estimates of Mineral Resources will be upgraded to Mineral Reserves or may ultimately be extracted.

Any material changes in Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves estimates and grades of mineralization may affect the economic viability of the Company’s current operations, a decision to place a new property into production, and/or such property’s return on capital. There can be no assurance that mineral recoveries in small-scale laboratory tests will be duplicated in a large-scale on-site operation in a production environment. Declines in market prices for contained metals may render portions of the Company’s Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves estimates uneconomic and result in reduced reported mineralization or materially adversely affect the commercial viability of one or more of the Company’s properties. Any material reductions in estimates of mineralization, or of the Company’s ability to extract this mineralization, could have a material adverse effect on its results of operations or financial condition.

Products processed from the Company’s operating mines or other mines in the future could contain higher than expected contaminants, thereby negatively impacting the Company’s financial condition.

Contracts for treatment charges paid to smelters and refineries include penalties for certain deleterious elements that exceed contract limits. If the material mined from the Company’s operating mines includes higher than expected contaminants, the Company would incur higher treatment expenses and penalty charges that could increase costs and negatively impact the business, financial condition, and results of operations. This could occur due to unexpected variations in the occurrence of these elements in the material mined, problems occurring during blending of material from various locations in the mine prior to processing, and other unanticipated events.

Continuation of the Company’s mining and processing activities is dependent on the availability of sufficient water supplies to support its mining activities.

Water is critical to the Company’s business, and the increasing pressure on water resources requires the Company to consider both current and future conditions in its management approach. Across the globe, water is a shared and regulated resource. Mining operations require significant quantities of water for mining, ore processing, and related support facilities. Many of the Company’s properties in Mexico are in areas where water is scarce, and competition among users for continuing access to water is significant. Continuous production and mine development depend on the Company’s ability to acquire and maintain water rights and defeat claims adverse to current water use in legal proceedings. Although the Company believes that its operations currently have sufficient water rights and claims to cover operating demands, it cannot predict the potential outcome of future legal proceedings relating to water rights, claims, and uses. Water shortages may also result from weather or environmental and climate impacts beyond the Company’s control. Shortages in water supply could result in production and processing interruptions. In addition, the scarcity of water in certain regions could result in increased costs to obtain sufficient quantities of water to conduct the Company’s operations. The loss of some or all water rights, in whole or in part, ongoing shortages of water to which the Company has rights, or significantly higher costs to obtain sufficient quantities of water (or the failure to procure sufficient quantities of water) could result in the Company’s inability to maintain mineral extraction at current or expected levels, require the Company to curtail or shut down mining operations, and prevent it from pursuing expansion or any development opportunities.

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Laws and regulations may be introduced in some jurisdictions where the Company operates, which could also limit access to sufficient water resources, thus materially adversely affecting its operations.

The nature of mineral exploration, mining, and processing activities involves significant hazards, a high degree of risk, and the possibility of uninsured losses.

Exploration for and the production of minerals is highly speculative and involves greater risk than many other businesses. Many exploration programs do not result in the discovery of mineralization, and any mineralization discovered may not be of sufficient quantity or quality to be profitably mined. The Company’s operations are, and any future mining operations or construction that may be conducted will be, subject to all of the operating hazards and risks normally incident to exploring for and mining of mineral properties, such as, but not limited to:

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These occurrences could result in damage to—or destruction of—mineral properties, processing facilities, and equipment; personal injury or death; environmental damage; reduced extraction and processing; delays in mining; asset write-downs; monetary losses; and possible legal liability. Although the Company maintains insurance in amounts that it considers reasonable for general commercial liability claims, physical assets at its Arista and Alta Gracia Mines, and risks inherent in the conduct of its business, this insurance contains exclusions and limitations on coverage and will not cover all potential risks associated with mining and exploration activities. As such, the related liabilities might exceed policy limits. As a result of any or all of the foregoing, the Company could incur significant liabilities and costs that may exceed the limits of its insurance coverage or that it may elect not to insure against because of unreasonable premium costs or other reasons, which could materially adversely affect its results of operations and financial condition. The Company may also not be insured against all interruptions to its operations. Losses from these or other events may cause the Company to incur significant costs which could materially adversely affect its financial condition and its ability to fund activities on its properties. A significant loss could force the Company to reduce or suspend its operations and development.

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Revenue from the sale of metal concentrate may be materially adversely affected by loss or damage during shipment and storage at the Company’s buyer’s facilities.

The Company relies on third-party transportation companies to transport its metal concentrate to each buyer’s facilities for processing and further refining. The terms of the Company’s sales contracts with the buyers require the Company to rely, in part, on assay results from samples of its metal concentrate that are obtained at the buyer’s warehouse to determine the final sales value for metals. Once the metal concentrate leaves the processing facility, the Company no longer have direct custody and control of these products. Theft, loss, road accidents, improper storage, fire, natural disasters, tampering, or other unexpected events while in transit or at the buyer’s location may lead to the loss of all or a portion of the Company’s metal concentrate products. Such losses may not be covered by insurance and may lead to a delay or interruption in revenue, and as a result, the Company’s operating results may be materially adversely affected.

A significant delay or disruption in sales of doré or concentrates as a result of the unexpected disruption in services provided by smelters or refiners could have a material adverse effect on results of operations.

The Company relies on third-party smelters and refiners to refine and process and, in some cases, purchase, the gold and silver doré and copper, lead, and zinc concentrate produced from its mines. Access to smelters and refiners on economic terms is critical to the Company’s ability to sell its products to buyers and generate revenues. The Company periodically enters into agreements with smelters and refiners, some of which operate their smelting or refining facilities outside the United States, and it believes it currently has contractual arrangements with a sufficient number of smelters and refiners so that the loss of any one refiner or smelter would not significantly or materially impact the Company’s operations or its ability to generate revenues. Nevertheless, services provided by a refiner or smelter may be disrupted by operational issues; new or increased tariffs, duties, or other cross-border trade barriers; the bankruptcy or insolvency of one or more smelters or refiners; or the inability to agree on acceptable commercial or legal terms with a refiner or smelter. Such an event or events may disrupt an existing relationship with a refiner or smelter or result in the inability to create a contractual relationship with a refiner or smelter, which may leave the Company with limited, uneconomical, or no access to smelting or refining services for short or long periods of time. Any such delay or loss of access may significantly impact the Company’s ability to sell doré and concentrate products. The Company cannot ensure that alternative smelters or refiners would be available or offer comparable terms if the need for them arose or that it would not experience delays or disruptions in sales that would materially adversely affect the results of operations.

The Company relies on contractors to conduct a significant portion of the Company’s exploration, development, and construction projects.

A significant portion of the Company’s development and construction projects are currently conducted in whole or in part by contractors. As a result, the Company’s operations are subject to a number of risks, some of which are outside of its control, including:

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In addition, the Company may incur liability to third parties as a result of the actions of its contractors. The occurrence of one or more of these risks could materially adversely affect the Company’s results of operations and financial position.

Risks Related to the Company’s Exploration Activities

The exploration of the Company’s mineral properties is highly speculative in nature, involves substantial expenditures, and is frequently non-productive.

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Regulatory Risks

The Company’s operations are subject to ongoing permitting requirements, which could result in the delay, suspension, or termination of its operations.

The Company’s operations, including ongoing exploration drilling programs and mining, require ongoing permits from governmental and local authorities. The Company may also be required to obtain certain property rights to access or use its properties. Obtaining or renewing licenses and permits and acquiring property rights can be complex and time-consuming processes. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to acquire all required licenses, permits, or property rights on reasonable terms or in a timely manner, or at all, and that such terms will not be adversely changed; that required extensions will be granted; or that the issuance of such licenses, permits or property rights will not be challenged by third parties. If the Company cannot obtain or maintain the necessary permits, or if there is a delay in receiving future permits, its timetable and business plan will be materially adversely affected.

The Company’s operating properties located in Mexico are subject to changes in political or economic conditions and regulations in that country.

The risks with respect to operating in Mexico or other developing countries include, but are not limited to: nationalization of properties, military repression, extreme fluctuations in currency exchange rates, increased security risks, labor instability or militancy, mineral title irregularities, and high rates of inflation. In addition, changes in mining or investment policies or shifts in political attitudes in Mexico may materially adversely affect the Company’s business. The Company may be affected in varying degrees by government regulation concerning restrictions on production, price controls, export controls, income taxes, expropriation of property, maintenance of claims, environmental legislation, land use, land claims of local people, opposition from non-governmental organizations, labor legislation, water use, and mine safety. The effect of these factors cannot be accurately predicted and may adversely impact the Company’s operations.

Most of the Company’s properties are subject to extensive environmental laws and regulations, which could materially adversely affect its business.

The Company’s exploration and mining operations are subject to extensive laws and regulations governing land use and the protection of the environment, which control the exploration and mining of mineral properties and their effects on the environment, including air and water quality, mine reclamation, waste generation, handling and disposal, the protection of different species of flora and fauna, and the preservation of lands. These laws and regulations require the Company to acquire permits and other authorizations for conducting certain activities. In many countries, there is relatively new comprehensive environmental legislation, and the permitting and the authorization process may not be established or predictable. The Company may not be able to acquire necessary permits or authorizations on a timely basis, if at all. Delays in acquiring any permit or authorization could increase the cost of the Company’s projects and could suspend or delay the commencement of extraction and processing of mineralized material.

Environmental legislation in Mexico and in many other countries is evolving in a manner that will require stricter standards and enforcement, increased fines and penalties for non-compliance, more stringent environmental assessments of proposed projects, and a heightened degree of responsibility for companies and their officers, directors, and employees. Future changes in environmental regulation in the jurisdictions where the Company’s properties are located may materially adversely affect its business, make the business prohibitively expensive, or prohibit it altogether. The Company cannot predict what environmental legislation or regulations will be enacted or adopted in the future or how future laws and regulations will be administered or interpreted. Compliance with more stringent laws and regulations, as well as potentially more vigorous enforcement policies, stronger regulatory agencies, or stricter interpretation of existing laws, may (i) necessitate significant capital outlays, (ii) cause the Company to delay, terminate, or otherwise change its intended activities with respect to one or more projects, or (iii) materially adversely affect future exploration activities.

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Climate change and climate change legislation or regulations could impact the Company’s business.

The Company is subject to physical risks associated with climate change, which could seriously harm its results of operations and increase costs and expenses. The occurrence of severe adverse weather conditions, including increased temperatures and droughts, fires, longer wet or dry seasons, increased precipitation, floods, hail, snow, or more severe storms may have a potentially devastating impact on the Company’s operations. Adverse weather may result in physical damage to operations, instability of the Company’s infrastructure and equipment, washed-out roads to its properties, and altered water and electricity supply to projects. Increased temperatures may also decrease worker productivity at the Company’s projects and raise ventilation and cooling costs. Changes in the quantity of water, whether in excess or deficient amounts, may impact exploration and development activities, mining and processing operations, water storage and treatment facilities, tailings storage facilities, closure and reclamation efforts, and may increase levels of dust in dry conditions, and land erosion and slope stability in case of prolonged wet conditions. Should the impacts of climate change be material in nature or occur for lengthy periods of time in the areas in which the Company operates, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

The Company’s continuing reclamation obligations at its operations could require significant additional expenditures.

The Company is responsible for the reclamation obligations related to disturbances located on all of its properties and have recorded a liability on its Consolidated Balance Sheets to cover the estimated reclamation obligation. However, there is a risk that any reserve could be inadequate to cover the actual costs of reclamation when carried out. Continuing reclamation obligations will require a significant amount of capital. There is a risk that the Company will be unable to fund these obligations and that the regulatory authorities may increase reclamation requirements to such a degree that it would not be commercially reasonable to continue mining and exploration activities, which may materially adversely affect results of operations, financial performance, and cash flows.

Title to mineral properties can be uncertain, and in the event of a dispute regarding the title to the Company’s Mexican properties, it will likely be necessary for the Company to resolve the dispute in Mexico, where it would be faced with unfamiliar laws and procedures.

The Company’s ability to explore and operate its properties depends on the validity of its title to that property. Uncertainties inherent in mineral properties relate to such things as the sufficiency of mineral discovery, proper posting and marking of boundaries, assessment work and possible conflicts with other claims not determinable from public record. There may be valid challenges to the title to the Company’s properties which, if successful, could impair development and/or operations. The resolution of disputes in foreign countries can be costly and time consuming. In a foreign country, the Company face the additional burden of understanding unfamiliar laws and procedures. Not like in the U.S., the Company may not be entitled to a jury trial. Further, to litigate in any foreign country, the Company would be faced with the necessity of hiring lawyers and other professionals who are familiar with the foreign laws. For these reasons, the Company may incur unforeseen costs if it is forced to resolve a dispute in Mexico or any other foreign country.

In most of the countries where the Company operates, failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations relating to mineral right applications and tenure could result in loss, reduction or expropriation of entitlements, or the imposition of additional local or foreign parties as joint venture partners. Any such loss, reduction, or imposition of partners could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

Under the laws of Mexico, Mineral Resources belong to the United States of Mexico, and government concessions are required to explore for or exploit Mineral Reserves. Mineral rights derive from concessions granted—on a discretionary basis—by the Ministry of Economy, pursuant to the Mexican mining law and regulations thereunder. The Company’s concessions in Mexico are subject to continuing government regulation, and failure to adhere to such regulations will result in the termination of the concession. A title defect could result in losing all or a portion of the Company’s right, title, and interest in and to the properties to which the title defect relates.

Additionally, in 2014, new mining concessions became subject to additional review and approval by the Mexico Ministry of Energy, and in recent years, the federal government has been reluctant to issue new mining concessions.

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Mining concessions in Mexico give exclusive exploration and exploitation rights to the minerals located in the concessions but do not include surface rights to the real property, which requires that the Company negotiates the necessary agreements with surface landowners. Many of the mining properties are subject to the Mexican Ejido system, requiring the Company to contract with the local communities surrounding the properties in order to obtain surface rights to land needed in connection with mining exploration activities. Please see Item 1A. Risk Factors—Regulatory Risks—The Company’s ability to develop its Mexican properties is subject to the rights of the Ejido (agrarian cooperatives) who use or own the surface for agricultural purposes.

The Company’s ability to develop its Mexican properties is subject to the rights of the Ejido (agrarian cooperatives), who use or own the surface for agricultural purposes.

The Company’s ability to mine minerals is subject to maintaining satisfactory arrangements and relationships with the Ejido for access and surface disturbances. Ejidos are groups of local inhabitants who were granted rights to conduct agricultural activities on the property. The Company must negotiate and maintain a satisfactory arrangement with these residents in order to disturb or discontinue their rights to farm. While the Company has successfully negotiated and signed such agreements related to the DDGM operations, its inability to maintain these agreements or consummate similar agreements for new projects could impair or impede the ability to successfully explore, develop, and mine the properties, which in turn could materially adversely affect the Company’s future cash flow.

A significant amount of the Company’s mining properties are subject to exchange control policies, the effects of inflation, and currency fluctuations between the U.S. dollar and the Mexican peso.

 The Company’s revenue and external funding are primarily denominated in U.S. dollars. However, certain mining, processing, maintenance, and exploration costs are denominated in Mexican pesos. These costs principally include electricity, labor, water, maintenance, local contractors, and fuel. The appreciation of the peso against the U.S. dollar increases expenses and the cost of purchasing capital assets in U.S. dollar terms in Mexico, which can adversely impact the Company’s operating results and cash flows. Conversely, the depreciation of the Mexican peso decreases operating costs and capital asset purchases in U.S. dollar terms. When inflation in Mexico increases without a corresponding devaluation of the Mexican peso, the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows could be materially adversely affected. The annual average inflation rate in Mexico was approximately 4.72% in 2024 and 5.55% in 2023. Current and future inflationary effects may be driven by, among other things, supply chain disruptions, governmental stimulus or fiscal policies, and geopolitical instability. For additional information, please see Item 1A. Risk Factors—General Risks— Global and regional political and economic conditions could adversely impact the Company’s business. Continuing increases in inflation could increase the costs of labor and other costs related to the business, which could have an adverse impact on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.

At the same time, the peso has been subject to fluctuation, which may not have been proportionate to the inflation rate and may not be proportional to the inflation rate in the future. The value of the peso decreased by 16.7% in 2024 and increased by 14.6% in 2023. In addition, fluctuations in currency exchange rates may have a significant impact on the Company’s financial results. There can be no assurance that the Mexican government will maintain its current policies with regard to the peso or that the peso’s value will not fluctuate significantly in the future. The Company cannot assure you that currency fluctuations, inflation, and exchange control policies will not have an adverse impact on its financial condition, results of operations, earnings, and cash flows.

Lack of infrastructure could forestall or prevent further exploration and advancement.

Exploration activities, as well as any advancement activities, depend on adequate infrastructure. Reliable roads, bridges, power sources, and water supply are important factors that affect capital and operating costs and the feasibility and economic viability of a project. Unanticipated or higher than expected costs and unusual or infrequent weather phenomena, or government or other interference in the maintenance or provision of such infrastructure, could materially adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations.

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Risks Related to the Company’s Common Stock

Volatility in the Company’s stock price could result in shareholders losing part or all of their investment.

In addition to other risk factors identified in this annual report on Form 10-K, and due to volatility associated with equity securities in general, the value of a shareholder’s investment could decline due to the impact of numerous factors upon the market price of the Company’s common stock, including divergence between its actual or anticipated financial results and published expectations of analysts or the expectations of the market, the gain or loss of customers, announcements that the Company, its competitors or its customers may make regarding their operating results and other factors that are beyond the Company’s control, such as market conditions in the Company’s or its customers’ industry, new market entrants, technological innovations, and economic and political conditions or events.

Stock markets in general have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations, and the market prices of individual securities have been highly volatile. These fluctuations are often unrelated to operating performance and may materially adversely affect the market price of the Company’s common stock. As a result, shareholders may be unable to sell their shares at a desired price.

Past payments of dividends on the Company’s common stock are not a guaranty of future payments of dividends.

In 2010, the Company began paying cash dividends to the holders of its common stock. However, the Company’s ability to pay dividends in the future will depend on a number of factors, including free cash flow, expected operational performance, mine construction requirements and strategies, other acquisition and/or construction projects, spot metal prices, taxation, government-imposed royalties, and general market conditions. Further, a portion of the Company’s cash flow is expected to be retained to finance operations, explorations, and development of mineral properties. In February 2023, in order to conserve cash for future development and exploration, the Company announced the suspension of quarterly dividends. There is no assurance that the Board will elect to re-institute a dividend payment in the near-term or at all.

Issuances of the Company’s stock in the future could dilute existing shareholders and materially adversely affect the market price of its common stock.

The Company has the authority to issue up to 200,000,000 shares of common stock, 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, and to issue options and warrants to purchase shares of its common stock, in some cases without shareholder approval. As of April 4, 2025, there were 120,442,686 shares of common stock outstanding. Future issuances of the Company’s securities could be at prices substantially below the price paid for its common stock by current shareholders. The Company can issue significant blocks of its common stock without further shareholder approval. Because it has issued less common stock than many of its larger peers, the issuance of a significant amount of common stock may have a disproportionately large impact on share price compared to larger companies.

General Risks

The Company has identified a material weakness in its internal control over financial reporting that has resulted in the restatement of certain previously issued financial statements. If the Company is unable to remediate the material weakness, or if it identifies additional material weaknesses in the future or otherwise fails to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures, it may result in future material misstatements of the Company’s consolidated financial statements or cause the Company to fail to meet its periodic reporting obligations, which may adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations.

The Company is required to provide management’s attestation on internal controls. As disclosed in Item 9A. Controls and Procedures in this Form 10-K, management has identified a material weakness in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements could occur but will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

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In connection with the Company’s evaluation of internal control over financial reporting for the year ended December 31, 2024, the following material weakness has been identified:

If the Company is unable to remediate its existing material weakness or if, in the future, the Company is unable to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(a), the Company may not be able to assess whether its internal controls over financial reporting are effective, which may subject it to financial reporting misstatements and adverse regulatory consequences and could harm investor confidence and the market price of the Company’s shares of common stock.

The restatement of certain previously issued financial statements may affect stockholder and investor confidence in the Company, or harm the Company's reputation, and may subject the Company to additional risks and uncertainties, including increased cost and the increased probability of legal proceedings, regulatory inquiries, sanctions, or investigations.

As mentioned above, management identified a material weakness in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, which has resulted in the restatement of the following previously issued financial statements within this Form 10-K: (i) its interim consolidated financial statements for the quarterly periods ended March 31, 2023, June 30, 2023, September 30, 2023, March 31, 2024, June 30, 2024 and September 30, 2024 and (ii) its consolidated audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023.

As a result of the restatement, the Company has incurred, and may continue to incur, unanticipated costs for accounting and legal fees in connection with, or related to, such restatement. In addition, such restatement could subject the Company to several additional risks and uncertainties, including the increased possibility of legal proceedings and inquiries, sanctions or investigations by the SEC or other regulatory authorities. Any of the foregoing may adversely affect the Company’s reputation, the accuracy and timing of its financial reporting, or its business, results of operations, liquidity and financial condition, or cause stockholders, investors, members and customers to lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of the Company’s financial reports or cause the market price of its common stock to decline.

The Company’s operations may be disrupted, and its financial results may be materially adversely affected by any future pandemic.

 Any pandemic may pose a risk to the business and operations. If a significant portion of the Company’s workforce becomes unable to work or travel to the operations due to illness or state or federal government restrictions (including travel restrictions and “shelter-in-place” and similar orders restricting certain activities that may be issued or extended by authorities), the Company may be forced to reduce or suspend operations, exploration activities, and/or development projects, which may impact liquidity and financial results. These restrictions have significantly disrupted economic activity in both the world, national, and local economies and have caused volatility in capital markets.

To the extent any pandemic materially adversely affects the Company’s business and financial results, as discussed above, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in this “Risk Factors” section, such as those relating to operation, indebtedness, and financing. The Company is unable to predict the ultimate adverse impact of any pandemic on the business, which will depend on numerous evolving factors and future developments, including the pandemic’s ongoing effect on the demand for silver and gold, as well as the response of the overall economy and the financial markets after the pandemic and response measures come to an end, the timing of which remains highly unpredictable.

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Global and regional political and economic conditions could adversely impact the Company’s business.

Political and economic shifts, both domestic and international, may create uncertainty and pose risks to the Company’s operations. Policies related to populism, protectionism, economic nationalism, and attitudes toward multinational corporations could result in regulatory changes, trade barriers, or investment restrictions. Additionally, international trade disputes—including tariffs, counter-tariffs, export controls, sanctions, and currency regulations—may increase costs and disrupt supply chain, operating model, and customer relationships.

Further, market volatility, driven by shifts in U.S. and foreign trade policies, fluctuating interest rates, or currency controls may affect gold prices, capital availability, and investor confidence. Even the perception of these risks could lead to reduced investment, higher production costs, and operational challenges. If such trends continue, they may have a material adverse effect on the business and financial performance.

The Company may not be able to operate successfully if it is unable to recruit, hire, retain, and develop key personnel and maintain a qualified and diverse workforce. In addition, the Company is dependent upon its employees being able to safely perform their jobs, but there is risk of physical injuries or illness.

The Company depends upon the services of a number of key executives and management personnel. These individuals include executive officers and other key employees. If any of these individuals were to die, become disabled, or leave the Company, the Company would be forced to identify and retain individuals to replace them but may be unable to hire a suitable replacement on favorable terms should that become necessary.

The Company’s success is also dependent on the contributions of its highly skilled and experienced workforce. The Company’s ability to achieve its operating goals depend upon the ability to recruit, hire, retain, and develop qualified and diverse personnel to execute on its strategy. There continues to be competition over highly skilled personnel in the industry. If the Company loses key personnel or one or more members of senior management team; or if it fails to develop adequate succession plans; or if it fails to hire, retain, and develop qualified and diverse employees; the business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows could be harmed.

The Company is dependent on information technology systems, which are subject to certain risks, including cybersecurity risks, data leakage risks, and risks associated with implementation and integration.

The Company is dependent upon information technology systems in the conduct of its business. Any significant breakdown, invasion, virus, cyberattack, security breach, destruction, or interruption of these systems by employees, others with authorized access to its systems, or unauthorized persons could negatively impact the business. To the extent any invasion, cyberattack, or security breach results in disruption to the business; such as loss or disclosure of, or damage to data or confidential information; business reputation, results of operations, and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. The Company has implemented various measures to manage the risks related to information technology systems and network disruptions. However, given the unpredictability of the timing, nature, and scope of information technology disruptions, the Company could potentially be subject to production downtimes, operational delays, the compromising of confidential or otherwise protected information, destruction or corruption of data, security breaches, other manipulation or improper use of its systems, and networks or financial losses from remedial actions, any of which could have a material adverse effect on cash flows, competitive position, financial condition, or results of operations. The Company’s systems and insurance coverage for protecting against cyber security risks may not be sufficient. Although to date the Company has not experienced any material losses relating to cyberattacks, it may suffer such losses in the future. The Company may be required to expend significant additional resources to continue to modify or enhance protective measures. The Company also may be subject to significant litigation, regulatory investigation, and remediation costs associated with any information security vulnerabilities, cyberattacks, or security breaches.

The Company may also be materially adversely affected by system or network disruptions if new or upgraded information technology systems are defective, not installed properly, or not properly integrated into its operations. If the Company is unable to successfully implement system upgrades or modifications, it may have to rely on manual reporting processes and controls over financial reporting that have not been planned, designed, or tested.

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Various measures have been implemented to manage the risks related to the system upgrades and modifications, but system upgrades and modification failures could have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition, and results of operations and could, if not successfully implemented, adversely impact the effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting.

The Company’s business is subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar worldwide anti-bribery laws, a breach or violation of which could lead to civil and criminal fines and penalties, loss of licenses or permits, and reputational harm.

The Company operates in certain jurisdictions that have experienced some degree of governmental and private sector corruption, and in certain circumstances, strict compliance with anti-bribery laws may conflict with certain local customs and practices. The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business or other commercial advantages. The Company’s Code of Ethics and other corporate governance mandate compliance with these anti-bribery laws, which often carry substantial penalties. However, there can be no assurance that internal control policies and procedures will always protect the Company from recklessness, fraudulent behavior, dishonesty, or other inappropriate acts committed by affiliates, employees, contractors, or agents. As such, the corporate policies and processes may not prevent all potential breaches of law or other governance practices. Violations of these laws, or allegations of such violations, could lead to civil and criminal fines and penalties, litigation, loss of operating licenses or permits, and may damage the Company’s reputation, which could have a material adverse effect on the business, financial position, and results of operations, or cause the market value of common stock to decline.

ITEM 1B.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 1C.CYBERSECURITY

Risk Management and Strategy

The Company has established policies and processes for assessing, identifying, and managing material risk from cybersecurity threats and have integrated these processes into its overall risk management systems and processes. The Company routinely assesses material risks from cybersecurity threats, including any potential unauthorized occurrence on or conducted through its information systems that may result in adverse effects on the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of information systems or any information residing therein.

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The Company conducts periodic risk assessments to identify cybersecurity threats, as well as assessments in the event of a material change in business practices that may affect information systems that are vulnerable to such cybersecurity threats. These risk assessments include identification of reasonably foreseeable internal and external risks, the likelihood and potential damage that could result from such risks, and the sufficiency of existing policies, procedures, systems, and safeguards in place to manage such risks.

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Governance

One of the key functions of the Board is informed oversight of the risk management process, including risks from cybersecurity threats. The Board is responsible for monitoring and assessing strategic risk exposure, and management is responsible for the day-to-day management of any material risks that may arise. The Board receives periodic updates from management regarding cybersecurity matters and is notified between such updates regarding any significant new cybersecurity threats or incidents. The Company does not believe that there are currently any known risks from cybersecurity threats that are reasonably likely to materially affect it or its business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. For more information regarding the expertise of the Board as it relates to cybersecurity, see the section entitled “Governance” in the Company’s definitive proxy statement relating to the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders filed with the SEC on April 29, 2024.

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 Management is responsible for the operational oversight of company-wide cybersecurity strategy, policy, and standards across relevant departments to assess and help prepare the Company to address cybersecurity risks. As part of the overall risk management system, the Company monitors and tests safeguards and trains employees on these safeguards. Personnel at all levels and departments are made aware of the cybersecurity policies through trainings.

Cybersecurity Threats

As of December 31, 2024, the Company has not identified an indication of a cybersecurity incident that would have a material impact on the Company’s business and consolidated financial statements. For further discussion of cybersecurity risks, please refer to Item 1A. Risk Factors.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

Glossary.

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The following terms used in this report shall have the following meanings:

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Overview

The Company classifies its mineral properties into three categories: “Production Stage Properties,” “Development Stage Properties,” and “Exploration Stage Properties.” Production Properties are properties for which the Company operates a producing mine.

At the Don David Gold Mine, the Company currently has 100% interest in six properties, including two Production Stage Properties and four Exploration Stage Properties, located in Oaxaca, Mexico, along the San Jose structural corridor. Because of their proximity and relatively integrated operations, the Company collectively refers to the six properties as the Don David Gold Mine. The two Production Stage Properties are the only two of the six properties that make up the Don David Gold Mine that the Company considers to be independently material at this time. Please see Item 2. Properties – Don David Gold Mine for further discussion of the properties.

The Company also has 100% interest in the Back Forty Project, an advanced Exploration Stage Property, located in Menominee County, Michigan, USA. The Company does not consider the Back Forty Project to be independently material to the Company at this time. Please see Item 2. Properties – Back Forty Project for further discussion of the property.

Mineral Resources

Under S-K 1300, a “Mineral Resource” is defined as “a concentration or occurrence of material of economic interest in or on the Earth’s crust in such form, grade or quality, and quantity that there are reasonable prospects for economic extraction.” A “Mineral Resource” is a “reasonable estimate of mineralization, taking into account relevant factors such as cut-off grade, likely mining dimensions, location or continuity, that, with the assumed and justifiable technical and economic conditions, is likely to, in whole or in part, become economically extractable. It is not merely an inventory of all mineralization drilled or sampled.”

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The following tables summarize the estimated Mineral Resources at DDGM and at Back Forty:

Don David Gold Mine – Summary of Gold, Silver, and Base Metal Mineral Resources
at December 31, 2024(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)

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Notes on Mineral Resources:

For comparison, as at December 31, 2023, DDGM’s estimates of Mineral Resources, exclusive of Mineral Reserves, are provided in the below table.

Don David Gold Mine – Summary of Gold, Silver, and Base Metal Mineral Resources

at December 31, 2023(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)

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Notes on Mineral Resources:

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During 2024, the Company performed a comprehensive review of its geological database and interpretation of the mineralization, the block models derived from them, and ultimately the mine plan to ensure more reliable and accurate mine planning and forecasting. In addition, metallurgy, mining methods, ground control, and other parameters were reviewed. As a result of this review, measured and indicated Mineral Resources decreased from approximately 0.73 million tonnes at December 31, 2023 to approximately 0.37 million tonnes at December 31, 2024. The primary factor for this decrease was the change in the NSR cutoff grade from $100/tonne to $120/tonne resulting in a decrease of 0.89 million tonnes. These reductions were partially offset by a 0.02 million tonne increase due to higher metal prices and the conversion and addition of 0.51 million tonnes of inferred Mineral Resource to measured and indicated Mineral Resource, attributed to the 2024 infill and step-out drilling program. The total inferred Mineral Resources increased from approximately 1.56 million tonnes at December 31, 2023 to approximately 1.99 million tonnes at December 31, 2024. The increase in inferred Mineral Resources was mainly due to the successful 2024 infill and step-out drilling program at the Three Sisters vein system along with optimized mine planning.

More information regarding the assumptions, methodologies, and procedures utilized in the estimation of Mineral Resources at DDGM can be found in the updated Don David Gold Mine Technical Report Summary, effective as of December 31, 2024, which is incorporated by reference as Exhibit 96.2 to this Form 10-K (the “DDGM Technical Report Summary”).

Back Forty Project – Summary of Gold, Silver, and Base Metal Mineral Resources

at December 31, 2023 and 2024(1) (2) (3) (4)

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Notes on Mineral Resources:

Following the completion of the optimization work for the Back Forty Project, the Company published an update on indicated and inferred Mineral Resources in the Back Forty Project Technical Report Summary released in October 2023. A measured Mineral Resource estimate or a Mineral Reserve estimate have yet to be established for the Back Forty Project.

More information regarding the assumptions, methodologies, and procedures utilized in the estimation of Mineral Resources at Back Forty can be found in the Back Forty Project Technical Report Summary incorporated by reference as Exhibit 96.1 to this Form 10-K.

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Mineral Reserves

Under S-K 1300, a “Mineral Reserve” is defined as “an estimate of tonnage and grade or quality of measured and indicated Mineral Resources that, in the opinion of the qualified person, can be the basis of an economically viable project.”

The following tables summarize the estimated Mineral Reserves at DDGM:

Don David Gold Mine – Summary of Gold, Silver and Base Metal Mineral Reserves
at December 31, 2024 (1) (2) (3) (4)

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