Certain Definitions

Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, all references in this annual report to “Zenvia” or the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “ours,” “us” or similar terms refer to Zenvia Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries; references to “Zenvia Brazil” refers to Zenvia Mobile Serviços Digitais S.A.

The term “Brazil” refers to the Federative Republic of Brazil and the phrase “Brazilian government” refers to the federal government of Brazil. All references to “real,” “reais” or “R$” are to the Brazilian real, the official currency of Brazil. All references to “U.S. dollar,” “U.S. dollars” or “US$” are to U.S. dollars, the official currency of the United States of America. All references to “Brazilian Central Bank” are to the Brazilian Central Bank (Banco Central do Brasil).

Financial Information

Zenvia Inc. was incorporated on November 3, 2020, as a Cayman Islands exempted company with limited liability duly registered with the Cayman Islands Registrar of Companies.

We maintain our books and records in Brazilian reais, the functional currency of our operations in Brazil and the presentation currency for our consolidated financial statements. Unless otherwise noted, the consolidated financial information of Zenvia contained in this annual report is derived from our audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, together with the notes thereto. All references herein to “our financial statements” and “our audited consolidated financial statements” are to Zenvia’s consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report, which were, prepared in accordance with the IFRS Accounting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), or IFRS Accounting Standards.

The consolidated financial statements included in this annual report have been prepared on a going concern basis of accounting, which contemplates continuity of operations, realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. As such, the consolidated financial statements included in this annual report do not include any adjustments that might result from an inability to continue as a going concern. If we cannot continue as a going concern, adjustments to the carrying values and classification of our assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of income and expenses could be required and could be material. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Certain Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry—We have substantial liabilities and may be exposed to liquidity constraints, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.”

We have translated some of the real amounts contained in this annual report into U.S. dollars. The rate used to translate such amounts in respect of the year ended December 31, 2024 was R$6.1923 to US$1.00, which was the U.S. dollar selling rate as of December 31, 2024, as reported by the Brazilian Central Bank. The U.S. dollar equivalent information presented in this annual report is provided solely for the convenience of the reader and should not be construed as implying that the real amounts represent, or could have been or could be converted into, U.S. dollars at the above rate.

Special Note Regarding Non-GAAP Financial Measures

This annual report presents certain non-GAAP financial measures, which are not recognized under IFRS Accounting Standards, specifically Non-GAAP Gross Profit, Non-GAAP Gross Margin, Non-GAAP Operating Profit (Loss) and Adjusted EBITDA. A non-GAAP financial measure is generally defined as one that purports to measure financial performance but excludes or includes amounts that would not be so adjusted in the most comparable GAAP measure. Non-GAAP financial measures do not have standardized meanings and may not be directly comparable to similarly-titled measures adopted by other companies. These non-GAAP financial measures are used by our management for decision-making purposes and to assess our financial and operating performance, generate future operating plans and make strategic decisions regarding the allocation of capital. We also believe that the disclosure of our Non-GAAP Gross Profit, Non-GAAP Gross Margin, Non-GAAP Operating Profit (Loss) and Adjusted EBITDA provides useful supplemental information to investors and financial analysts and other interested parties in their review of our operating performance. Potential investors should not rely on information not recognized under IFRS Accounting Standards as a substitute for the IFRS Accounting Standards measures of earnings, cash flows or profit (loss) in making an investment decision.

We use Non-GAAP Gross Profit, Non-GAAP Gross Margin, Non-GAAP Operating Profit (Loss) and Adjusted EBITDA, collectively, to evaluate our ongoing operations and for internal financial planning and forecasting purposes. We believe that non-GAAP financial measures, when taken collectively, may be helpful to investors because it provides consistency and comparability with past financial performance and facilitates period-to-period comparisons of results of operations.

Non-GAAP Gross Profit and Non-GAAP Operating Profit (Loss) are measures that exclude amortization of intangible assets acquired from business combinations. Our acquisition activities have resulted in the recognition of intangible assets, which consist primarily of client portfolio and digital platform. Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives and are tested for impairment when events indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. The amortization of intangible assets acquired from business combinations is reflected in our consolidated statements of profit or loss and intangible asset amortization is an expense that typically fluctuates based on the size and timing of our acquisition activity. Accordingly, we believe that excluding the amortization of intangible assets acquired from business combinations enhances our and our investors’ ability to compare our past financial performance with our current performance and to analyze underlying business performance and trends. While amortization of intangible assets acquired from business combinations was excluded from Non-GAAP Gross Profit and Non-GAAP Operating Profit (Loss), the revenue generated by such intangible assets acquired from business combinations has not been excluded from such non-GAAP financial measures.

Non-GAAP Gross Profit, Non-GAAP Gross Margin and Non-GAAP Operating Profit (Loss)

We calculate Non-GAAP Gross Profit as gross profit plus amortization of intangible assets acquired from business combinations.

We calculate Non-GAAP Gross Margin as Non-GAAP Gross Profit divided by revenue.

We calculate Non-GAAP Operating Profit (Loss) as profit (loss) for the year adjusted by income tax and social contribution (current and deferred) and financial expenses, net plus amortization of intangible assets acquired from business combinations.

Adjusted EBITDA

We calculate Adjusted EBITDA as profit (loss) adjusted by income tax and social contribution (current and deferred), financial expenses, net and depreciation and amortization, plus goodwill impairment. In particular, the exclusions in calculating Adjusted EBITDA facilitates operating performance comparisons on a period-to-period basis and such exclusions remove items that we do not consider to be indicative of our core operating performance.

Market Information

This annual report contains data related to economic conditions in the market in which we operate. The information contained in this annual report concerning economic conditions is based on publicly available information from third-party sources that we believe to be reliable. Market data and certain industry forecast data used in this annual report were derived from our management’s knowledge and our experience in the industry, internal reports and studies, where appropriate, as well as estimates, market research, publicly available information and industry publications. We obtained the information included in this annual report relating to the Brazilian communication platforms market, and more broadly, the industry in which we operate, as well as the estimates concerning market shares, through internal research, public information and publications on the industry prepared by official public sources and specialized industry sources, such as the Brazilian Central Bank, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, or FGV, Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística), or IBGE, International Data Corporation, or IDC, Research Nester, Statista, Brazilian Association of Software Companies (Associação Brasileira das Empresas de Software), or ABES, Brazilian Support Service to Small Businesses (Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas), or Sebrae, and Mobile Time, amongst others.

Industry publications, governmental publications and other market sources, including those referred to above, generally state that the information they include has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but that the accuracy and completeness of such information is not guaranteed. We have no reason to believe any of this information or these reports are inaccurate in any material respect and believe and act as if they are reliable. We have not independently verified it and they are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed in “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors.” Governmental publications and other market sources, including those referred to above, generally state that their information was obtained from recognized and reliable sources, but the accuracy and completeness of that information is not guaranteed. Estimates of market and industry data are based on statistical models, key assumptions and limited data sampling, and actual market and industry data may differ significantly from estimated industry data. In addition, the data that we compile internally and our estimates have not been verified by an independent source. Information derived from management’s knowledge and our experience is presented on a reasonable, good faith basis. Except as disclosed in this annual report, none of the publications, reports or other published industry sources referred to in this annual report were commissioned by us or prepared at our request. Except as disclosed in this annual report, we have not sought or obtained the consent of any of these sources to include such market data in this annual report.

Rounding

We have made rounding adjustments to some of the figures included in this annual report for ease of presentation. Accordingly, certain of the numerical figures shown as totals in the tables may not be the exact sum total of the figures that precede them.

Emerging Growth Company Status

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (1) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following the fifth anniversary of the completion of our initial public offering, (b) in which we have total annual revenues of at least US$1.235 billion, or (c) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our shares that is held by non-affiliates exceeds US$700.0 million, as of the prior June 30, and (2) the date on which we have issued more than US$1.00 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three-year period. As an emerging growth company, we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies in the United States that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, exemptions from the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and any Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or PCAOB, rules, including any future audit rule promulgated by the PCAOB (unless the SEC determines otherwise). Accordingly, the information about us available to investors will not be the same as, and may be more limited than, the information available to shareholders of a non-emerging growth company.

Forward-Looking Statements

This annual report contains certain information that constitutes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or Exchange Act, that are not based on historical facts and are not assurances of future results and as such, are subject to risks and uncertainties. Many of the forward-looking statements in this annual report can be identified based on forward-looking words such as “aim,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “can,” “confident,” “continue,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “likely,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “potential,” “probable,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “would,” or the opposite of these terms or other similar expressions.

Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date on which they are made. There is no assurance that the expected events, trends or results will actually occur and we undertake no obligation to update publicly or revise any forward-looking statements and estimates whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our current belief or expectations as of the date of this annual report and estimates on future events and trends that affect or may affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, prospects and the trading price of our Class A common shares. Although such forward-looking statements are based on assumptions and information currently available to us, which we believe to be reasonable, none of the forward-looking statements, whether expressed or implied, are indicative of or guarantee future results. Given such limitations, investors should not make any investment decision on the basis of the forward-looking statements contained herein.

Our forward-looking statements may be affected by the following factors, among others:

Prospective investors are cautioned that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties, and that actual results may differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. The accompanying information contained in this annual report on Form 20-F, including without limitation the information set forth under “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects,” identifies important factors that could cause such differences. In light of the risks, uncertainties and assumptions associated with forward-looking statements, investors should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. Additional risks that we may currently deem immaterial or that are not presently known to us could also cause the forward-looking events discussed in this annual report on Form 20-F not to occur.

Our forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this annual report on Form 20-F, and we do not undertake any obligation to update them in light of new information or future developments or to release publicly any revisions to these statements in order to reflect later events or circumstances or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Certain Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry

We have substantial liabilities and may be exposed to liquidity constraints, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

In the context of our inorganic growth through acquisitions, we have recorded in our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2024 an amount of R$280,806 thousand as liabilities from acquisitions (being R$90,920 thousand recorded as current liabilities and R$189,886 thousand recorded as non-current liabilities), representing 28.9% of total liabilities (current and non-current liabilities) as of December 31, 2024. Also, as of December 31, 2024, our loans, borrowings and debentures amounted to R$126,855 thousand, of which R$81,137 thousand was current and R$45,718 thousand was non-current, while our existing cash and cash equivalents, as of December 31, 2024, amounted to R$116,884 thousand. As of December 31, 2024, we have a negative consolidated working capital in the amount of R$355,769 thousand (current assets of R$318,990 thousand and current liabilities of R$674,759 thousand), mainly as a result of past acquisitions, leading to concerns about our ability to continue as a going concern.

If, for any reason, we face difficulties in increasing our cash generation and/or accessing financing, and our strategy to optimize our working capital needs, including by renegotiating payment terms with suppliers and implementing divestments opportunities, is not successful, we may be unable to timely meet our principal and interest payment obligations in general. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—B. Liquidity and Capital Resources—Liquidity.”

We have a history of losses, which might continue in the near future, and our expenses might surpass our Adjusted EBITDA, which could prevent us from achieving or maintaining profitability.

We have incurred losses in the past three years, including a loss of R$154,658 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2024, R$60,771 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2023 and R$243,025 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2022. We may not succeed in increasing our Adjusted EBITDA to be profitable, as we seek to continue to expend significant funds to expand our marketing efforts to attract new customers, to develop and enhance our products and for general corporate purposes, including operations, upgrading our infrastructure and expanding into new geographical markets. To the extent we successfully increase our user base for our SaaS segment, we may also incur increased losses because costs associated with acquiring customers are generally incurred up front and may not be recovered from our customers, while the nature of the SaaS services refers to license subscriptions for the use of Zenvia platforms, where it is recognized proportionally to the time used. Our efforts to grow our business may be costlier than we expect, and we may not be able to increase revenue from our customers in a sufficient manner to offset our higher operating expenses. We may incur significant losses in the future for a number of reasons, including as a result of the other risks described herein, and unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other unknown events. If we are unable to achieve and sustain profitability, the value of our business and Class A common shares may significantly decrease. Furthermore, it is difficult to predict the size and growth rate of our market, customer demand for our platform, user adoption and renewal of our platform, the entry of competitive products and services, or the success of existing competitive products and services. As a result, we may not achieve or maintain profitability in future periods. If we fail to grow our revenues sufficiently to keep pace with our related investments and other expenses, our business would be harmed.

The market for our products and platform is relatively new and unproven, may decline or experience limited growth and is dependent on businesses continuing to adopt our platform and use our products.

We develop and provide a cloud-based communications platform that enables businesses to integrate several communication capabilities (including SMS, WhatsApp, Voice, WebChat and Facebook Messenger) into their software applications, empowering them to simplify communications along their end-consumers journey. This market is relatively new, unproven and subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including changes to end-consumer behavior, technologies, products and industry standards. The utilization of tools such as APIs and Bots by businesses to build, foster and simplify communications with their end-consumer is still relatively new, and businesses may not recognize the need for, or benefits of, our products and platform. Moreover, if they do not recognize the need for and benefits of our products and platform, they may decide to adopt alternative products and services to satisfy some portion of their business needs. In order to grow our business and extend our market position, we intend to focus on educating current and potential customers about the benefits of our products and platform, expanding the functionality of our products and bringing new technologies to market to increase market acceptance and use of our platform. Our ability to expand the market that our products and platform address depends upon a number of factors, including the cost, performance and perceived value associated with such products and platform. The market for our products and platform could fail to grow significantly or there could be a reduction in demand for our products as a result of a lack of acceptance by businesses, technological challenges, competing products and services, decreases in spending by current and prospective customers, and weakening macroeconomic conditions, among other causes. If our market does not experience significant growth or demand for our products decreases, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

66.8% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 was derived from our CPaaS segment and a substantial part of such revenue is generated from our SMS text messaging service. A reduction in our revenue from this service could materially adversely affect our operation results, cash flows and liquidity.

A substantial portion of our revenue is currently dependent on our SMS text messaging service. As a result, a reduction in revenue from this source of income, whether due to increased competition, cost increase from network service providers, adverse market conditions or a general reduction in demand for SMS text messaging services or other factors (including our inability to generate revenue from the other products we offer to our customers or potential divestment), could materially adversely affect our operational results, cash flows and liquidity. See also “—If we cannot keep pace with rapid developments and changes in our industry and fail to continue to acquire new customers, the use of our products and services could cease to grow or decline and, thereby, adversely affect our revenues, business and prospects.”

A significant portion of our revenue is currently concentrated on our outlier customers and an economic slowdown affecting these customers could lead to decreased demand for our products and services, which could adversely affect us.

A significant portion of our revenue is currently concentrated in our outlier customers, which are our top 10 largest customers in terms of revenue. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, 38.2%, 33.4% and 37.0%, respectively, of our revenue was derived from such customers. Of our outlier customers, our single top customer alone accounts for more than 7% of our revenues for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, 10.2% and 12.5%, respectively, of our revenue was derived from a single top customer. Therefore, a slowdown in the industries in which such customers are concentrated due to market forces, macroeconomic conditions or regulatory changes could result in decreased demand for our products and services. In particular, such customers are particularly vulnerable to the effects of adverse macroeconomic conditions due to the corresponding impacts that macroeconomic factors typically have on end-consumer spending. Such effects may affect our revenue volumes, results of operations and profit margins. For example, certain of our outlier customers reduced the usage of our SMS text messaging services in April 2020 as a cost-saving initiative designed to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on their businesses. In addition, any adverse market forces affecting the industry in which our customers are currently concentrated also increases our counterparty risk as it may heighten their risk of default.

If we cannot keep pace with rapid developments and changes in our industry and fail to continue to acquire new customers, the use of our products and services could cease to grow or decline and, thereby, adversely affect our revenues, business and prospects.

The Customer Experience (CX) SaaS platform market in which we compete is subject to rapid and significant technological changes, new product and service roll outs, evolving industry standards and changing customer needs. New technologies can disrupt SaaS platforms, making them outdated and ineffective to attend to increasing customer demands. 

Also, our CPaaS platform is currently substantially dependent on our SMS text messaging services. Although we believe there is still a growing market for SMS text messaging services, there has been an increase in alternative messaging channels that use data connections such as internet protocol based, or IP-based, messaging services, e.g., WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, WeChat, Telegram and Line, which could impact our growth in CPaaS.

In order to remain competitive and continue to acquire new customers, we are continually involved in a number of projects to develop new products and services, in both CPaaS (communications platform as a service) and SaaS (software as a service) segments. These projects carry risks, such as cost overruns, delays in delivery, performance problems and lack of customer adoption. Any delay in the delivery of new services or the failure to differentiate our services or to accurately predict and address market demand could render our services less desirable, or even obsolete, to our customers. Furthermore, despite the evolving market for CX communications, the market may not continue to develop rapidly enough for us to recover the costs we incur in developing new services targeted at this market.

In addition, we deliver services designed to simplify the way that businesses connect with their end-consumers. Any failure to deliver an effective and secure service or any performance issue that arises with a new service could result in significant processing or reporting errors or other losses. As a result of these factors, our development efforts could result in increased costs and we could also experience a loss in business that could reduce our earnings or could cause a loss of revenue if scheduled new services are not delivered to our customers on a timely basis or do not perform as anticipated. We also, and may in the future, rely in part on third parties, including some of our existing and potential competitors, for the development of, and access to, new technologies. Our future success will depend in part on our ability to develop or adapt to technological changes and evolving industry standards. We cannot predict the effects of technological changes on our business. If we are unable to develop, adapt or access technological changes or evolving industry standards necessary to meet our customers’ needs on a timely and cost-effective basis, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

Furthermore, our competitors may have the ability to devote more financial and operational resources than us to the development of new technologies, products and services. If successful, their development efforts could render our services less desirable to customers, resulting in the loss of customers or a reduction in the fees we could generate from our offerings.

We expect to be increasingly dependent on WhatsApp, since it has become a preferred channel of communication in Brazil and elsewhere in Latin America. Since WhatsApp is notably strict about the manner in which companies are allowed to interact with WhatsApp users, changes in the policies or in the terms and conditions of use of this communication channel might also adversely affect market potential and attractiveness for WhatsApp based solutions in the event such changes result in a decrease of possible use cases or result in increases on message content restrictions. For instance, in 2021, WhatsApp made changes to the conversation-based pricing policy of its business platform. As a result of these changes, certain interactions between businesses and their end-customers, which were previously free of charge, may now be subject to charges under certain conditions. This change had no significant impact in our operations in 2022, 2023 and 2024, but we cannot guarantee that a future increase in costs in the usage of WhatsApp will not adversely impact our results of operations or the expected growth derived from the usage of this channel of communication or that we will be able to pass such costs onto our customers.

Failure to set optimal prices for both our SaaS solutions and CPaaS solutions could adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We charge our CPaaS customers based on the use of our products. One of our pricing challenges is that our costs related to network service providers, on whose networks we transmit SMS communications, which is our main product within the CPaaS segment, can vary given certain elements that may be difficult for us to predict, such as pricing increases upon renewal of our agreements with such providers and/or annual adjustments on SMS fees as a result of inflation or otherwise, that we cannot pass onto our customers and/or certain minimum take or pay SMS volume purchase obligations imposed on us by network services providers and the volume of which we cannot guarantee will be contracted by our new or existing customers. Additionally, fees paid by us to network service providers can be also affected by the enactment of new rules and regulations (including an increased amount of applicable taxes or governmental fees). This can result in us incurring increased costs that we may be unable or unwilling to pass through to our customers, which could adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition. For more information about our relationship with network service providers, see “Item 10. Additional Information—C. Material Contracts.”

Our SaaS solutions are mostly charged based on a subscription-based revenue model. We may fail to set pricing for subscriptions at levels appropriate to maintain our revenue streams or our customers may choose to deploy products from our competitors that they believe are more favorably priced. Similarly, we may fail to accurately predict subscription renewal rates or their impact on our operating results. Given that revenue from subscriptions is recognized for our services over the term of the subscription, downturns or upturns in sales may not be reflected immediately in our results.

Further, as competitors introduce new products or services at prices that are more competitive than ours for similar products and services, we may be unable to attract new customers or retain existing customers based on our historical pricing. As we expand internationally, we also must determine the appropriate price to enable us to compete effectively internationally. In addition, if the mix of products sold changes, including the ongoing shift to IP-based products (such as WhatsApp and Facebook Messenger), then we may need to, or choose to, revise our pricing to remain competitive. As a result, in the future we may be required or choose to reduce our prices or change our pricing model, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We may require additional financing to support our future capital requirements and we may not be able to secure such financing on favorable terms or at all. Our current level of indebtedness could make it more difficult or expensive to refinance our maturing debt and/or incur new debt.

We intend to continue to make investments to support our business and may require additional funds to support our capital requirements. In particular, we may seek additional funds to develop new products and enhance our platform and existing products, expand our operations, including our sales and marketing departments and our presence outside of Brazil, improve our infrastructure or acquire complementary businesses, technologies, services, products and other assets. Accordingly, we may need to engage in equity or debt financings to secure additional funds. If we raise additional funds through future issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our shareholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of holders of our Class A common shares. Any debt financing that we may secure in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities. We may not be able to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us, if at all. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us when we require it, our ability to continue to support our business growth, scale our infrastructure, develop product enhancements and to respond to business challenges could be significantly impaired, and our business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

Holders of our common shares could suffer dilution or be negatively affected by fixed payment obligations we may incur if we raise additional funds through the issuance of additional equity securities or debt. For instance, in July 2024, we established an “at the market” program, or the ATM Program, through a sales agreement with A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners, which was terminated by us on February 20, 2025. From the commencement of the ATM Program through December 31, 2024, we issued 133,723 Class A common shares in exchange for gross proceeds of US$256,271, at an average share price of US$1.92, and raised US$248,583 after paying commissions of US$7,688 to AGP. Subsequent to December 31, 2024, we issued 504,617 Class A common shares in exchange for gross proceeds of US$1,279,594, at an average share price of US$2.54, and raised US$1,267,013 after paying commissions of US$38,388 to AGP. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—B. Liquidity and Capital Resources—Liquidity.” 

Further, our shareholders may experience dilution due to the issuance of earn-out shares following the consummation of our post-IPO acquisitions. Certain former shareholders of Movidesk may receive, at Zenvia’s discretion, earn-out payments in the form of Zenvia Class A common shares, representing up to R$100,000,000 of the amount owed to them. For further information about our post-IPO acquisitions and associated liability, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Our Post-IPO Acquisitions. To the extent the conditions to the issuance of such earn-out shares are satisfied, additional Class A common shares may be issued, which will result in dilution to the holders of our common shares and increase the number of shares eligible for resale in the public market. Sales of substantial numbers of such shares in the public market or the fact that the earn-out shares may be issued could adversely affect the market price of our common shares.

Moreover, our current level of indebtedness could affect our credit rating and our ability to obtain any necessary financing in the future and may increase our cost of borrowing. In addition, our level of indebtedness could make it more difficult to refinance our existing indebtedness and could make us more vulnerable in the event of a downturn in our business. In these and other circumstances, servicing our indebtedness may use a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations, which could adversely affect us as well as to fund our operations, working capital and capital expenditures necessary for the maintenance and expansion of our business activities. As of December 31, 2024, our total loans, borrowings and debentures outstanding was R$126,855 thousand, comprised of R$81,137 thousand of current liabilities and R$45,718 thousand of non-current liabilities.

If we fail to anticipate and adequately respond to rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards, changing regulations, and changing consumer trends, requirements or preferences, our products from both the SaaS and CPaaS segments may become less competitive, which may adversely affect our sales.

We need to understand our consumers’ behavior and needs in order to prepare for the next shift in the relationship between businesses and their end-consumers so that we are well positioned to propose and develop new products to support this change in consumer trends and behavior. Additionally, we need to understand the communication channel of choice between businesses and their end-consumers throughout all phases of a customer journey so that we are in a position to quickly develop and deploy the communication channel that businesses need to most effectively communicate with their end-consumers.

We cannot guarantee that we will always be able to offer the products and services sought by our customers. We are subject to potential changes to consumer habits as well as to demand for products and services by our customers (and the end-consumers of our customers). This requires us to adapt to their preferences on an ongoing basis. Accordingly, we may not be able to anticipate or respond adequately to changes in the habits of our consumers (and the habits of the end-consumers of our customers), which may adversely affect our sales. In addition, we cannot guarantee that the habits of our customers (and the habits of the end-consumers of our customers) will not change due to factors such as limitations or restrictions on the movement of people, including due to the impacts of an actual or possible pandemic or epidemic. In addition, if there are changes in customer habits, we cannot guarantee that we will be efficient and effective in adapting to meet those habits.

The market for communications in general, and cloud communications in particular, is subject to rapid technological change, (such as the adoption of artificial intelligence in our product offerings), evolving industry standards, changing regulations, as well as changing customer needs, requirements and preferences. We may not be able to adapt quickly enough to meet our customers’ requirements, preferences and industry standards. We may face obstacles in our search for a digital transformation related to corporate culture, business complexity and the lack of processes that make employee collaboration and integration feasible. These challenges may limit the growth of our platform and adversely affect our business and results of operations. The success of our business will depend, in part, on our ability to adapt and respond effectively to these changes on a timely basis. If we are unable to develop new products that satisfy our customers and provide enhancements and new features for our existing products that keep pace with rapid technological and industry change and applicable industry standards, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected. If new technologies emerge that are able to deliver competitive products and services at lower prices than ours and more efficiently, more conveniently or more securely, such technologies could adversely impact our ability to compete effectively. If we do not respond to the urgency in meeting new standards and practices, our platform and our own technology may become obsolete and materially adversely affect our results.

In this context, as a result of our use of artificial intelligence technologies into our business, the risks and unintended consequences in social, ethical and regulatory issues related to the use of artificial intelligence / generative artificial intelligence in our product offerings may result in reputational harm and adversely impact our results of operations. Most artificial intelligence solutions are evolving and are not infallible, and issues with data sourcing, technology integration, decision-making bias of artificial intelligence algorithms, security challenges, protection of privacy for personal identifiable information, content labeling and an effective use governance has not yet been perfected. While efforts are being made to deploy artificial intelligence responsibly with appropriate controls, our ability to do so effectively cannot be guaranteed. If our solutions incorporating artificial intelligence are flawed, they may cause harm to our clients or their customers and could impact our reputation and results of operations. The regulatory landscape surrounding artificial intelligence technologies is rapidly evolving, and how these technologies will be regulated remains uncertain. Such regulations may result in significant risks and operational costs which would impact our profitability and results of operations.

Degradation of the quality of the products and services we offer could diminish demand for our products and services, adversely affecting our ability to attract and retain customers, harming our business and results of operations and subjecting us to liability.

Our customers expect a consistent level of quality in the provision of our products and services. Our customers use our products for important aspects of their businesses, and any errors, defects or disruptions to our products and any other performance problems with our products could damage our customers’ businesses and, in turn, harm our brand and reputation and erode customer trust. Although we regularly update our products, they may contain undetected errors, failures, vulnerabilities and bugs when first introduced or released. Real or perceived errors, failures or bugs in our products could result in negative publicity, loss of, or delay in, market acceptance of our platform, loss of competitive position, lower customer retention or claims by customers for losses sustained by them. In such events, we may be required, or may choose, for customer relations or other reasons, to expend additional resources in order to help correct the problem, which may result in increased costs to us. Any failure to maintain the high quality of our products and services, or a market perception that we do not maintain a high quality service, could erode customer trust and adversely affect our reputation, business, results of operations and financial condition.

If we are not able to maintain and enhance our brand and increase market awareness of our company and products, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

We believe that maintaining and enhancing the “Zenvia” brand identity and increasing market awareness of our company and products, is critical to achieving widespread acceptance of our platform, to strengthen our relationships with our existing customers and to our ability to attract new customers. The successful promotion of our brand will depend largely on our continued marketing efforts, our ability to continue to offer high quality products, and our ability to successfully differentiate our products and platform from competing products and services. Our brand promotion activities may not be successful or yield increased revenue.

Negative publicity about us, our products or our platform could materially and adversely impact our ability to attract and retain customers, our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The promotion of our brand also requires us to make substantial expenditures, and we anticipate that these expenditures will increase as our market becomes more competitive and as we expand into new markets. To the extent that these activities increase revenue, this revenue may not be enough to offset the increased expenses we incurred. If we do not successfully maintain and enhance our brand, our business may not grow, our pricing power may be reduced relative to our competitors and we may lose customers, all of which would adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our segments (CPaaS and SaaS) depend on customers increasing their use of our products, and any loss of customers or decline in their use of our products could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, our customers generally do not have long-term contractual arrangements with us and may cease to use our products at any time without penalties or termination charges.

Our ability to grow and generate incremental revenue from both our segments (CPaaS and SaaS) depend, in part, on our ability to maintain and grow our relationships with existing customers (including any customers acquired through our acquisitions) and to have them increase their usage of our platform. Customers are charged based on the actual usage volume of our products, and if they do not increase their use of our products, our revenue may decline and our results of operations may be adversely affected. For more information as to our product offerings, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Our Customers.”

Most of our customers, both from CPaaS and SaaS, do not have long-term contractual arrangements with us and may reduce or cease their use of our products at any time without penalty or termination charges provided they give us thirty days prior written notice. Customers may terminate or reduce their use of our products for a number of reasons, including if they are not satisfied with our products, the value proposition of our products or our ability to meet their needs and expectations. We cannot accurately predict customers’ usage levels and the loss of customers or reductions in their usage levels of our products may each have a negative impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition. If a significant number of customers cease using, or reduce their usage of our products, we may be required to spend significantly more on sales and marketing initiatives than we currently plan to spend in order to maintain or increase revenue from customers. Such additional sales and marketing expenditures could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. See “—A significant portion of our revenue is currently concentrated on our outlier customers and an economic slowdown affecting these customers could lead to decreased demand for our products and services, which could adversely affect us.”

If we are unable to increase adoption of our products by customers and attract new customers, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

Our ability to increase our customer base and achieve broader market acceptance of our products will depend, in part, on our ability to effectively organize, focus and train our sales and marketing personnel. Also, the decision by our customers to adopt our products may require the approval of multiple technical and business decision makers, including legal, security, compliance, procurement, operations and IT. In addition, sales cycles for businesses (particularly for large businesses) are inherently more complex and these complex and resource intensive sales efforts could place additional strain on our product and engineering resources. Furthermore, businesses, including some of our current customers, may choose to develop their own solutions that do not include our products. They may also demand price reductions as their usage of our products increases, which could have an adverse impact on our gross margin.

In addition, in order to grow our business, we must continue to attract new customers in a cost-effective manner. We use a variety of marketing channels to promote our products and platform, such as events and webinars, as well as search engine marketing and optimization initiatives. We periodically adjust the mix of our other marketing programs such as regional customer events, email campaigns and public relations initiatives. If the costs of the marketing channels we use increase significantly, we may choose to use alternative and less expensive channels, which may not be as effective as the channels we currently use. As we add to or change the mix of our marketing strategies, we may need to expand into more expensive channels than those we are currently in, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We will incur marketing expenses before we are able to recognize any revenue that the marketing initiatives may generate, and these expenses may not result in increased revenue or brand awareness. If we are unable to attract new customers in a cost-effective manner, our business, results of operations and financial condition would be adversely affected.

Our number of active customers for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was 10,622, 12,929 and 13,336, respectively. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to increase the number of our customers and revenues generated within the active customer base. Our Net Revenue Expansion (NRE) rate was 106.5%, 92.4% and 107.7% for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Net Revenue Expansion (NRE) rate is a metric that indicates how much revenue has grown with the same customers, which can come from organic growth of one product (i.e., an increase in the volume purchased of the same product) and also cross-selling (i.e., customer base using more than one product). For more information about our Net Revenue Expansion (NRE) rate, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—A. Operating Results—Principal Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations— Expansion Strategy and Net Revenue Expansion (NRE) Rate.”

There can be no assurance that we will be able to sustain or grow our customer base or sustain or improve overtime our Net Revenue Expansion (NRE) rate.

If we are not able to increase our fees or to pass fee increases from network service providers or developers of IP-based messaging services to our customers, our operating margins may decline.

Network service providers have in the past, and may in the future, unilaterally charge additional fees or change prices due to commercial, regulatory, competitive or other industry related changes that increase our network costs. For more information regarding our commercial relationship and agreements with network service providers, see “Item 10. Additional Information—Material Contracts.” While we have historically responded to these types of fee increases through a combination of negotiations with our network service providers, absorbing the increased costs or changing our prices to customers, there is no guarantee that we will continue to be able to do so in the future without a material negative impact to our business.

Also, the developers of IP-based messaging services that we use in our platform (such as WhatsApp) may in the future unilaterally charge additional fees or change their prices due to commercial, regulatory, competitive or other industry related changes that may adversely affect our costs. See also “—Failure to set optimal prices for both our SaaS solutions and CPaaS solutions could adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.” For example, in 2021, WhatsApp reformulated the pricing model for the usage of their messaging services.  Even though this measure did not have to date a material effect in our results, we cannot guarantee that future changes will not impact our results, since we may not be able to reflect increased costs in our prices to our customers and/or assure the continuance of the agreements with such customers.

If we are unable to increase our fees or pass on cost increases and other fees in the future due to contractual or regulatory restrictions, competitive pressures or other considerations, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. Additionally, our ability to respond to any new fees may be constrained if all network service providers in a particular market impose equivalent fee structures, if the magnitude of the fees is disproportionately large when compared to the underlying prices paid by our customers, or if the market conditions limit our ability to increase the price we charge our customers. In addition, we cannot guarantee the continuance of the agreements with our customers since they may terminate the agreements by providing a thirty days’ prior written notice.

For more information regarding our commercial relationship with network service providers, see “Item 10. Additional Information—Material Contracts.”

We may from time to time dispose of certain assets, which could impact our financial position or results of operations.

We may from time to time proactively evaluate opportunities to divest assets in case we determine that certain assets no longer align with our business strategy. As a result, we may decide to sell, divest, or otherwise dispose of these assets.

For instance, as announced on January 13, 2025, we have also initiated a new strategic cycle that will focus on our SaaS business, particularly on the recently launched Zenvia Customer Cloud. As a result, our management has been proactively evaluating opportunities to divest assets and segments considered to be non-core. There are inherent risks associated with such potential dispositions and the sale of assets could result in financial outcomes that differ from expectations. Additionally, we may incur significant transaction costs, including legal fees, advisory fees, and potential restructuring charges, which could affect our financial position or results of operations. We may also lose certain revenue streams, customer relationships, or operational capabilities as a result of these disposals.

Furthermore, we may not be able to dispose of assets on a timely basis, at the desired price or at all, which may adversely affect us.

Potential customers of our CPaaS and SaaS segments may be reluctant to switch to a new vendor, which may adversely affect our growth.

As we expand our offerings into new products (such as IP-based products), our potential customers may be concerned about disadvantages associated with switching platform providers, such as a loss of accustomed functionality, increased costs and business disruption. For prospective customers, switching from one vendor of products similar to those provided by us (or from an internally developed system) to a new vendor may be a significant undertaking. As a result, certain potential customers may resist changing vendors.

We strive to attract new customers by constantly refining and evolving our products to enhance customer experiences, such as with the launch of Zenvia Customer Cloud solution on October 16, 2024, a full-service AI-powered solution designed to revolutionize the customer experience by combining the power of AI with a fully integrated management solution addressing every aspect of the customer journey, from marketing and sales to customer service and relationship management. However, there can be no assurance that our approach to overcome potential customer reluctance to change vendors will be successful, which may adversely affect our growth.

If we do not develop enhancements to our products and introduce new products that achieve market acceptance, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Our ability to attract new customers and increase revenue from existing customers depends in part on our ability to enhance and improve our existing products, increase adoption and usage of our products and introduce new products. The success of any product enhancements or new products depends on several factors, including timely completion, adequacy to customer needs, adequate quality testing, actual performance quality, market-accepted pricing levels and overall market acceptance. We cannot guarantee that product enhancements and new products will perform as well as or better than our existing offerings. Product enhancements and new products that we develop may not be introduced in a timely or cost-effective manner, may contain errors or defects, may have interoperability difficulties with our platform or other products or may not achieve the broad market acceptance necessary to generate significant revenue.

We also have invested, and may continue to invest, in the acquisition of complementary businesses, technologies, services, products and other assets that expand the products that we can offer our customers. For instance, since the completion of our initial public offering, we completed the acquisition of Sensedata Tecnologia Ltda, or SenseData, One To One Engine Desenvolvimento e Licenciamento de Sistemas de Informática S.A. - Direct One, or D1, and Movidesk Ltda., or Movidesk, in order to create the basis for the solutions provided by our SaaS business segment. We also intend to continue developing new SaaS services, which may require us to maintain and/or increase a developers team and, therefore, may lead to higher expenses in research and development. An example is the integration, in February 2023, of ChatGPT technology into our mass texting solution, Zenvia Attraction, to provide increasingly personalized and efficient suggestions in the composition of messages and in May 2023, we also integrated ChatGPT technology with our chatbot tool, which improves certain solutions in our SaaS segment with enterprise customers. Another example is the launch of Zenvia Customer cloud solution, on October 16, 2024, a full-service AI-powered solution designed to revolutionize the customer experience by combining the power of AI with a fully integrated management solution addressing every aspect of the customer journey, from marketing and sales to customer service and relationship management. There can be no assurance that these investments and any future investments will result in products or enhancements that will be accepted by existing or prospective customers. Our ability to generate additional usage of products by our customers may also require increasingly sophisticated and more costly sales efforts and result in a longer sales cycle. If we are unable to successfully enhance our existing products to meet evolving customer requirements, increase adoption and usage of our products, develop new products, or if our efforts to increase the usage of our products are more expensive than we expect, our business, results of operations and financial condition would be adversely affected.

The market in which we participate is intensely competitive, and if we do not compete effectively, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

The market for cloud communications is rapidly evolving, significantly fragmented and highly competitive, with relatively low barriers to entry in some segments. The principal competitive factors in our market includes our ability to offer solutions embedded in the main channels of communications, the ease of integration and programmability of our solutions, product features, cost-benefit, platform scalability, reliability, deliverability, security and performance, brand awareness, reputation, the strength of sales and marketing efforts, customer support and customer service experience, as well as the cost of deploying and using our products.

Our competitors fall into four primary categories:

Some of our competitors and potential competitors are larger than us and have greater name recognition, longer operating histories, more established customer relationships, larger budgets and significantly greater resources than we do. In addition, they have the operating flexibility to bundle competing products and services at little or no perceived incremental cost, including offering them at a lower price as part of a larger sales transaction. As a result, our competitors may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than we can to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards or customer requirements. In addition, some competitors may offer products or services that address one or a limited number of functions at lower prices, with greater depth than our products or in different geographies. Our current and potential competitors may develop and market new products and services with comparable functionality to our products, and this could lead to us having to decrease prices in order to remain competitive. Customers utilize our products in many ways and use varying levels of functionality that our products offer or are capable of supporting or enabling within their applications. Customers that use many of the features of our products or use our products to support or enable core functionality for their applications may have difficulty or find it impractical to replace our products with a competitor’s products or services, while customers that use only limited functionality may be able to more easily replace our products with competitive offerings. Our current or prospective customers (as well as some of our sales channel partners) may also choose to replicate some of the functionality our products provide, which may limit or eliminate their demand for our products.

With the introduction of new products and services and new market entrants, we expect competition to intensify in the future. In addition, some of our customers may choose to use our products and our competitors’ products simultaneously. Furthermore, our customers and their end-consumers may choose to adopt other forms of electronic communications or alternative communication platforms, which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

With the completion of the acquisitions of Rodati Motors Corporation, or Sirena, D1, SenseData and Movidesk, we expanded the scope of our offerings and now also offer to our customers multichannel communications, generation of variable documents, authenticated message delivery and contextualized conversational experiences, including customer service solutions to define workflows, by integrating communication channels and monitoring tickets (through dashboards and reports), as well as communication actions and specific 360º customer journeys, from our acquired companies. As we expand the scope of our products, we may face additional competition. If one or more of our competitors were to merge or partner with other competitors, the change in the competitive landscape could also adversely affect our ability to compete effectively. In addition, some of our competitors have lower listed prices than us, which may be attractive to certain customers even if those products have different or lesser functionality. If we are unable to maintain our current pricing due to competitive pressures, our margins will be reduced and our business, results of operations and financial condition would be adversely affected. In addition, pricing pressures and increased competition generally could result in reduced revenue, reduced margins, increased losses or the failure of our products to achieve or maintain widespread market acceptance, any of which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

If we fail to manage our business effectively with the available workforce, our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

We have experienced a decrease in our business in terms of number of employees and active customers. For example, our consolidated headcount was 956, 1,076 and 1,191 as of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, a decrease of 11.2% to December 31, 2024 from December 31, 2023 and a decrease of 9.7% to December 31, 2023 from December 31, 2022. Also, on January 13, 2025, we announced a reduction in our headcount of approximately 15%, which led to a consolidated headcount of 803 employees.

Although this reduction is due to our intent to have more simplified and streamlined operations, we may fail to effectively execute, or achieve the stated goals of, the reduction in workforce or our key strategic priorities. Our plans may also change as we continue to refocus on our key priorities. These actions may take more time than we currently estimate and we may not be able to achieve the cost-efficiencies sought. In addition, the reduction in workforce may negatively impact employee morale for those that are not directly impacted, which may increase employee attrition and hinder our ability to achieve our key priorities. Any failure to achieve the expected benefits from the reduction in workforce or from other recent management and personnel related changes could adversely affect our stock price, financial condition and ability to achieve our key priorities.

We believe that our corporate culture has been a critical component of our success. We have invested substantial time and resources in building our team and nurturing our culture. As we mature as a public company, we may find it difficult to maintain our corporate culture unchanged. Any organizational changes in our business in a manner that preserves the key aspects of our culture could harm our future prospects, including our ability to recruit and retain personnel, and effectively focus on and pursue our corporate objectives. This, in turn, could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Furthermore, as our business grow, our ability to maintain reliable service levels for our customers could be affected. If we fail to achieve the necessary level of efficiency as we grow, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Finally, as our business continues to grow, we expect to continue to spend substantial financial and other resources on, among other things:

These investments may not result in increased revenue or the growth of our business. Accordingly, we may not be able to generate sufficient revenue to offset our expected cost increases and achieve and sustain profitability. If we fail to achieve and sustain profitability, our business, results of operations and financial condition would be adversely affected.

Our results may fluctuate, and if we fail to meet securities analysts’ and investors’ expectations, then the trading price of our Class A common shares and the value of an investor’s investment could decline substantially.

Our results of operations, including the levels of our revenue, cost of services, gross profit and other operating (expenses) income may vary significantly in the future. These fluctuations may result from a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control and may be difficult to predict and may or may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business. If our results of operations, forward-looking quarterly and annual financial guidance or expected key metrics fall below the expectations of investors or securities analysts, then the trading price of our Class A common shares could decline substantially. Some of the important factors that may cause our results of operations to fluctuate from quarter to quarter include:

The occurrence of one or more of the foregoing and other factors may cause our results of operations to vary significantly. As such, we believe that quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our results of operations may not be meaningful and should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance. In addition, a significant percentage of our operating expenses is fixed in nature and is based on forecasted revenue trends. Accordingly, in the event of a revenue shortfall, we may not be able to mitigate the negative impact on our income (loss) and margins in the short term. If we fail to meet or exceed the expectations of investors or securities analysts, then the trading price of our Class A common shares could fall substantially, and we could face costly lawsuits, including securities class action suits.

Additionally, global pandemics such as COVID-19 as well as certain large-scale events, such as major elections and sporting events, can significantly impact usage levels on our platform, which could cause fluctuations in our results of operations. We expect that significantly increased usage of all communications platforms, including ours, during certain seasonal and one-time events could impact delivery and quality of our products during those events. Such annual and one-time events may cause fluctuations in our results of operations and may impact both our revenue and operating expenses.

If we are unable to develop and maintain successful relationships with sales channel partners, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

We believe that continued growth of our business depends in part upon identifying, developing and maintaining strategic relationships with sales channel partners that will apply service layers over our products (including consultancy, implementation, integration development, flows development, solutions developed using our platform, among others). Sales channel partners embed our software products in their solutions, such as software applications for contact centers and sales force and marketing automation, and then sell such solutions to other businesses. When potential customers do not have the resources to develop their own applications, we refer them to our partners, who embed our products in the solutions that they sell to other businesses. As part of our growth strategy, we intend to further develop business relationships and specific solutions with sales channel partners. If we fail to establish these relationships in a timely and cost-effective manner, or at all, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected. Additionally, even if we are successful at developing these relationships but there are integration problems or issues or businesses are not willing to purchase our products through sales channel partners, our reputation and ability to grow our business may be adversely affected.

We rely upon cloud infrastructure and physical data center providers to operate our platform, and any disruption of or interference with our use of these cloud infrastructure or physical data center providers could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We outsource our cloud infrastructure to various cloud infrastructure providers, which host our products and platform. We also rely on certain third-party providers to provide us with physical data centers to host certain of our products. Our customers need to be able to access our platform and products at any time, without interruption or degradation of performance. These service providers operate the platforms that we access and we are therefore vulnerable to service interruptions in those platforms. We have experienced, and expect that in the future we may experience interruptions, delays and outages in service and availability due to a variety of factors, including infrastructure changes, networking issues due to internet backbone provider outage, human or software errors, website hosting disruptions and capacity constraints. Capacity constraints could be due to a number of potential causes, including technical failures, natural disasters, pandemics, fraud or security attacks. In addition, if our security, or that of such services providers, is compromised, or our products or platform are unavailable or our users are unable to use our products within a reasonable amount of time or at all, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected. In some instances, we may not be able to identify the cause or causes of these performance problems within a period of time acceptable to our customers. It may also become increasingly difficult to maintain and improve our platform performance, especially during peak usage times, as our products become more complex and the usage of our products increases. To the extent that we do not effectively address capacity constraints, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected. In addition, we access the platform of our cloud infrastructure providers through standard IP connectivity. Any problem with this access can prevent us from responding in a timely manner to any issues with the availability of our products. More generally, any changes in service levels from the cloud infrastructure providers may adversely affect our ability to meet our customers’ requirements.

Any of the above circumstances or events may harm our reputation, erode customer trust, cause customers to stop using our products, impair our ability to increase revenue from existing customers, impair our ability to grow our customer base, subject us to financial penalties and liabilities under our service level agreements and otherwise harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

To deliver our products, we rely on network service providers and internet service providers for our network service and connectivity. Disruption or deterioration in the quality of these services or deterioration of the financial capacity of such service providers could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. Also, our platform must integrate with network technologies and we expect to continue to have to integrate our platform with other software platforms and technologies. In addition, if our products and platform are unable to interconnect with any of our network service providers, software platforms and technologies, our business may be materially and adversely affected.

We currently interconnect with network service providers to enable the use by our customers of our products over their networks. Furthermore, many of these network service providers do not have long-term commitments with us and either they or we may interrupt services or terminate the agreement without cause upon 30 days’ prior written notice. If a significant portion of our network service providers stop providing us with access to their infrastructure, fail to provide these services to us on a cost-effective basis, cease operations, or otherwise terminate these services, the delay caused by qualifying and switching to other network service providers could be time consuming and costly and could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, from time to time we may advance payments to network service providers (or other service providers) in order to obtain better pricing conditions. A deterioration of the financial capacity of any such network service providers leading to difficulties of credit recovery could adversely impact our financial result. Further, if problems occur with our network service providers, it may cause errors or poor quality communications with our products, and we could encounter difficulty identifying the source of the problem. The occurrence of errors or poor quality communications in connection with our products, whether caused by our platform or a network service provider, may result in the loss of our existing customers or the delay of adoption of our products by potential customers and may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Also, our platform must integrate with network technologies and we expect to continue to have to integrate our platform with other existing software platforms and technologies (such as Facebook Messenger, WhatsApp, other Apple and Google systems, among others) and others to be developed in the future, and we need to continuously modify and enhance our products and platform to adapt to changes and innovation in technologies. For example, our network service providers may adopt new filtering technologies in an effort to combat spam, filter spam and unwanted phone calls, messages or robocalling. Such technologies may inadvertently filter desired messages or calls to or from our customers. If network service providers and/or other software platforms that we integrate (or expect to integrate) with our platform, or our customers or their end users adopt new software platforms or infrastructure, we may be required to develop new versions of our products to work with those new platforms or infrastructure. This development effort may require significant resources, which would adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. Also, there can be no assurance that any such platforms and technologies (such as Facebook Messenger and WhatsApp) will continue to provide us with access to their infrastructure. Further, such platforms and technologies may be subject to specific regulations in each country where they operate, and we depend on such platforms and technologies that we use in our business being compliant with such regulations. For instance, if any such platform fails to comply with the applicable regulations or certain orders from competent authorities — e.g., disclosing confidential information or blocking access to certain users deemed to have committed illegal activities — such platforms and technologies may face sanctions, including being banned from operating in the respective country.

Any failure of our products and platform to operate effectively with evolving or new platforms and technologies could reduce the demand for our products. If we are unable to respond to these changes in a cost-effective manner, our products may become less marketable and less competitive or obsolete, and our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Our reliance on SaaS technologies from third parties may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We rely on hosted SaaS technologies from third parties in order to operate critical internal functions of our business, including enterprise resource planning, customer support and customer relations management services. If these services become unavailable due to extended outages or interruptions, or because they are no longer available on commercially reasonable terms or prices, our expenses could increase. As a result, our ability to manage our operations could be interrupted and our processes for managing our sales process and supporting our customers could be impaired until equivalent services, if available, are identified, obtained and implemented, all of which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our use of open source software could negatively affect our ability to sell our products and subject us to possible litigation.

Our products and platform incorporate open source software, and we expect to continue to incorporate open source software in our products and platform in the future. Few of the licenses applicable to open source software have been interpreted by courts, and there is a risk that these licenses could be construed in a manner that could impose unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to commercialize our products and platform. Moreover, although we have implemented policies to regulate the use and incorporation of open source software into our products and platform, we cannot be certain that we have not incorporated open source software in our products or platform in a manner that is inconsistent with such policies. If we fail to comply with open source licenses, we may be subject to certain requirements, including requirements that we offer our products that incorporate the open source software for no cost, that we discontinue our products that incorporate the open source software, that we make available source code for modifications or derivative works we create based upon, incorporating or using the open source software and that we license such modifications or derivative works under the terms of applicable open source licenses. If an author or other third party that distributes such open source software were to allege that we had not complied with the conditions of one or more of these licenses, we could be required to incur significant legal expenses defending against such allegations and could be subject to significant damages, enjoined from generating revenue from customers using products that contained the open source software and required to comply with onerous conditions or restrictions on these products. In any of these events, we and our customers could be required to seek licenses from third parties in order to continue offering our products and platform and to re-engineer our products or platform or discontinue offering our products to customers in the event we cannot re-engineer them on a timely basis. Any of the foregoing could require us to devote additional research and development resources to re-engineer our products or platform, could result in customer dissatisfaction and may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We may face challenges in the expansion of our operations and our offerings into new market segments and/or new geographic regions within and outside of Brazil.

In July 2020, we concluded the acquisition of Sirena, a company that develops SaaS that enable corporations to manage sale processes through WhatsApp accounts. Sirena currently operates outside of Brazil, and has offices in Argentina, the United States and Mexico. Our acquisition of Sirena represents the first step in our strategy to expand our business outside of Brazil. We expect to continue to expand our international operations and to increase our revenue from customers inside and outside of Brazil as part of our growth strategy.

On July 31, 2021, Zenvia Brazil completed the acquisition of the, direct and indirect, interest of 100% of the share capital of One To One Engine Desenvolvimento e Licenciamento de Sistemas de Informática S.A. – Direct One, or D1, a platform that connects different data sources to enable a single customer view layer, allowing the creation of multichannel communications, generation of variable documents, authenticated message delivery and contextualized conversational experiences. Upon consummation of the acquisition of D1, we also became indirect holders of 100% of the share capital of Smarkio Tecnologia Ltda., or Smarkio, a wholly-owned subsidiary of D1 and a cloud-based company that combines an automated marketing platform through chatbots with a platform for creating, integrating and processing conversational interfaces that can be used by developers and business users. Smarkio was acquired by D1 in December 2020 and D1 started consolidating Smarkio in its financial statements as of December 1, 2020. Smarkio was merged into D1 on November 1, 2021. For more information, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Our Post-IPO Acquisitions—Consummated Acquisitions.”

On November 1, 2021 we concluded the acquisition of SenseData, a SaaS company that enables businesses to create communication actions and specific 360º customer journeys, supported by a customized proprietary scorecard called SenseScore. The acquisition of SenseData is a step forward for Zenvia to consolidate its position as a unified end-to-end CX platform.

Further, on May 2, 2022, we completed the acquisition of 100% of the share capital of Movidesk, a company focused on customer service solutions to define workflows, providing integration with communication channels and monitoring tickets through dashboards and reports.

See “—We may pursue strategic acquisitions or investments which may divert our management’s attention and result in reduced cash levels, increased indebtedness or dilution to our shareholders. The failure of an acquisition or investment to produce the anticipated results or achieve the expected benefits, the failure to complete a pending acquisition, or the inability to fully integrate an acquired company, could adversely affect our business.”

We may face challenges in connection with the expansion of our operations and our product and service offerings into new market segments, and/or new geographic regions within or outside of Brazil. See “—If we do not develop enhancements to our products and introduce new products that achieve market acceptance, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.”

As we expand into new market segments or geographies, we will face challenges associated with entering markets in which we have limited or no experience and in which we may not be well-known. Offering our services in new industries or new geographic regions may require substantial expenditures and takes considerable time, and we may not recover our investments in new markets in a timely manner or at all. For example, we may be unable to attract a sufficient number of customers, fail to anticipate competitive conditions or fail to adapt and tailor our services to different markets. In addition, although the industries into which we are considering expanding our offerings are subject to risks similar to those of our current business, profitability, if any, in our newer activities may be lower than in our more mature segments, and we may not be successful enough to recover our investments in them.

Expansion and development of business in new geographic regions within Brazil and in other jurisdictions may expose us to risks relating to staffing and managing cross border operations, lack of acceptance of our products and services, and particularly with respect to our operations outside of Brazil, increased costs and difficulty protecting intellectual property and sensitive data, tariffs and other trade barriers, differing and potentially adverse tax consequences, increased and conflicting regulatory compliance requirements, including with respect to privacy and security, lack of acceptance of our products and services, challenges caused by distance, language, and cultural differences, exchange rate risk and political instability. Accordingly, our efforts to develop and expand the geographic footprint of our operations may not be successful, which could limit our ability to grow our business.

Operating in international markets requires significant resources and management attention and will subject us to regulatory, economic and political risks in addition to those we already face in Brazil. Because of our limited experience with international operations or with developing and managing sales in international markets, our international expansion efforts may not be successful.

In addition, we may face risks in doing business internationally that could adversely affect our business, including:

Our failure to manage any of these risks successfully could harm our international operations, and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We may pursue strategic acquisitions or investments which may divert our management’s attention and result in reduced cash levels, increased indebtedness or dilution to our shareholders. The failure of an acquisition or investment to produce the anticipated results or achieve the expected benefits, the failure to complete a pending acquisition, or the inability to fully integrate an acquired company, could adversely affect our business.

We may from time to time acquire or invest in complementary companies, businesses, technologies, services, products and other assets in the future. For instance, in July 2020, July 2021, August 2021 and May 2022, we closed the acquisition of Sirena, D1, SenseData and Movidesk, respectively. We also may from time to time enter into relationships with other businesses to expand our products and platform, which could involve preferred or exclusive licenses, additional channels of distribution, discount pricing or investments in other companies.

The success of an acquisition or investment will depend on our ability to make accurate assumptions regarding the valuation, operations, growth potential, integration and other factors related to that business. Furthermore, acquisitions may result in difficulties integrating the acquired companies, and may result in the diversion of our capital and our management’s attention from other business issues and opportunities. We may not be able to integrate successfully the operations of the acquired companies, including their technologies, products personnel, financial systems, distribution or operating procedures, particularly if the key personnel of the acquired company choose not to work for us, their products or services are not easily adapted to work with our platform, or we have difficulty retaining the customers of any acquired business due to changes in ownership, management or otherwise. If we fail to integrate acquisitions successfully, our business could suffer. In addition, the expense of integrating any acquired business and their results of operations may adversely affect our operating results. Further, there can be no assurance that we had or will have full access to all necessary information to assess any assets acquired or will acquire and identify and mitigate the risks, liabilities and contingencies in connection with the due diligence performed. We may discover liabilities or deficiencies associated with the assets or companies we acquire or ineffective or inadequate controls, procedures or policies at an acquired business that were not identified in advance, any of which could result in significant unanticipated costs and adversely impact our business. Also, in the context of our acquisitions, we may face contingent liabilities in connection with, among others things, (i) judicial and/or administrative proceedings of the business we acquire, including civil, regulatory, tax, labor, social security, environmental and intellectual property proceedings, and (ii) financial, reputational and technical issues, including with respect to accounting practices, financial statement disclosures and internal controls, as well as other regulatory matters, all of which may not be sufficiently indemnifiable under the relevant acquisition agreement and may impact our financial reporting obligations and the preparation of our consolidated financial statements, resulting in delays of such preparation. Moreover, the anticipated benefits of any acquisition, investment, disposition, divestment or business relationship may not be realized, such transaction or relationship may turn out to be less favorable to us, or we may be exposed to unknown risks or liabilities. For example, an acquired business may perform worse than expected and a disposed business may perform better than expected.

In addition, intangible assets and goodwill acquired in business combinations may not be realizable and could result in impairment, if our projections of long-term growth do not occur, or if macro-economic events reduces the expected industry growth.

For instance, as a result of the intangible asset and goodwill impairment testing in the year ended December 31, 2022, we recognized an impairment of R$136,723 thousand in our SaaS cash-generating units, or CGU, that reduced the carrying amount of goodwill of this CGU to its recoverable amount. This impairment was attributable to the combination of a slower-than-expected revenue growth of our SaaS CGU in the context of a challenging macroeconomic scenario and an increased perceived risk resulting in higher discount rate. Further impairment charges with respect to our goodwill and intangible assets could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and shareholders’ equity in future periods.

We also develop solutions internally to keep improving the quality of service we offer to our customers. These investments generate intangible assets, which may not be realizable and could result in impairment, in the case such investments do not generate the value we expect from them.

Further, certain acquisitions, partnerships and joint ventures we may enter into in the future may prevent us from competing for certain customers or in certain lines of business, and may lead to a loss of customers. We may spend time and money on projects that do not increase our revenue. To the extent we pay the consideration of any acquisition in cash, it would reduce our cash reserves, and to the extent the consideration is paid with any of our shares, it could be dilutive to our shareholders. To the extent we pay the consideration with proceeds from the incurrence of debt, it would increase our level of indebtedness and could negatively affect our liquidity and restrict our operations. Our competitors may be willing or able to pay more than us for acquisitions, which may cause us to lose certain acquisitions that we would otherwise desire to complete. We cannot ensure that any acquisition, partnership or joint venture we make will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. For further information about our post-IPO acquisitions, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Our Post-IPO Acquisitions.”

Future legislative, regulatory or judicial actions impacting our products, services, platform and/or our business (including CX communications platform and software products) could also increase the cost and complexity of compliance and expose us to liability.

In the countries where we operate there is currently no specific regulation for CX communications platform and software products and/or services companies like us. However, although we understand that existing regulations do not fully contemplate our business as currently operated (including our CX communications platform and software products and services) this matter is continuing to evolve in Brazil and internationally. As a result, interpretation and enforcement of regulations often involve significant uncertainties and sudden changes. For example, the Voice over Internet Protocol, or VOIP, channel that integrates our omnichannel feature, allowing users to make or receive calls over the internet or internal networks, could be determined by the regulators to be subject to licensing and communications regulatory requirements. As a result, regulatory scrutiny and enforcement may apply to our business (or part of it). Adjusting our services and/or applying and obtaining any such licenses to be in compliance with applicable requirements and regulations may take considerable time, lead to fines and even unexpected expenses to adapt our operational models. Future legislative, regulatory or judicial actions impacting our products, services, platform and/or our business could also increase the cost and complexity of compliance and expose us to liability. There can be no assurance that legislation or regulation will not be enacted for purposes of regulating our activities and that any such legislation or regulation will not adversely impact our business. In addition, as we expand our business into our other jurisdictions or as we expand our portfolio of product offerings to our customers, we may become subject to regulatory oversight. Our products and platform and our business are subject to privacy, data protection and information security, and our customers may be subject to regulations related to the handling and transfer of certain types of sensitive and confidential information. Any failure to comply with or enable our customers to comply with applicable laws and regulations would harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We and our customers that use our products may be subject to privacy and data protection-related laws and regulations that impose obligations in connection with the collection, processing and use of personal data, financial data, health or other similar data.

The privacy and security of personal, sensitive, regulated or confidential data is a major focus in our industry and we and our customers that use our products are subject to federal, state, local and foreign privacy and data protection-related laws and regulations that impose obligations in connection with the collection, storage, use, processing, disclosure, protection, transmission, retention and disposal of personal, sensitive, regulated or confidential data. Laws and regulations governing data privacy, data protection and information security are constantly evolving and there has been an increasing focus on privacy and data protection issues with the potential to affect our business. The nature of our business exposes us to risks related to possible shortcomings in data protection. Any perceived or actual unauthorized disclosure of personally identifiable information, whether through breach of our network by an unauthorized party, employee theft, misuse or error or otherwise, including the data protection of our customers, the end-consumers of our customers and employees or third parties, could harm our reputation, impair our ability to attract and retain our customers, or Subject us to claims or litigation arising from damages suffered by individuals.

Law No. 13,709/2018 (Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais, or LGPD), entered into force on September 18, 2020 to regulate the processing of personal data in Brazil. The LGPD applies to individuals or legal entities, either private or governmental entities, that process or collect personal data in Brazil and which processing activities aim at offering or supplying goods or services to data subjects located in Brazil. The LGPD establishes detailed rules for the collection, use, processing and storage of personal data and will affect all economic sectors, including the relationship between customers and suppliers of goods and services, employees and employers and other relationships in which personal data is collected, whether in a digital or physical environment.

Pursuant to the LGPD, all processing agents/legal entities are required to adapt their data processing activities to comply with this new set of rules. We have implemented changes to our policies and procedures designed to ensure our compliance with the relevant requirements under the LGPD.

The penalties for violations of the LGPD include: (1) warnings imposing a deadline for the adoption of corrective measures; (2) a fine of up to 2% of the company’s or group’s revenue, subject to the limit of R$50 million per violation; (3) daily fines; (4) mandatory disclosure of the violation after it has been investigated and confirmed; (5) the restriction of access to the personal data to which the violation relates up to a six-month period, that can be extended for the same period, until the processing activities are compliant with the regulation, and in case of repeated violation, temporary block and/or deletion of the related personal data, and partial or complete prohibition of processing activities; and (6) temporary or permanent prohibition against conducting activities related to data processing. Any additional privacy laws or regulations enacted or approved in Brazil or in other jurisdictions in which we operate could seriously harm our business, financial condition or results of operations. Under the LGPD, security breaches that may result in significant risk or damage to personal data must be reported to the ANPD, the data protection regulatory body, within a reasonable time period. The notice to the ANPD must include: (a) a description of the nature of the personal data affected by the breach; (b) the affected data subjects; (c) the technical and security measures adopted; (d) the risks related to the breach; (e) the reasons for any delays in reporting the breach, if applicable; and (f) the measures adopted to revert or mitigate the effects of the damage caused by the breach. Moreover, the ANPD could establish other obligations related to data protection that are not described above.

In addition to the administrative sanctions, due to the noncompliance with the obligations established by the LGPD, we can be held liable for individual or collective material damages, and non-material damages caused to holders of personal data, including when caused by third parties that serve as operators of personal data on our behalf.

In addition to the civil liability and administrative sanctions by the ANPD, we are also subject to the imposition of administrative sanctions set forth by other laws that address issues related to data privacy and protection, such as Law No. 8,078/1990, or the Brazilian Code of Consumer Defense, and Law No. 12,965/2014, or the Brazilian Civil Rights Framework for the Internet. These administrative sanctions can be applied by other public authorities, such as the Attorney General’s Office and consumer protection agencies. We can also be held liable civilly for violation of these laws.

Similarly, many foreign countries and governmental bodies, including in the countries in which we currently operate, have laws and regulations concerning the collection and use of personal data obtained from individuals located in their jurisdiction or by businesses operating within their jurisdiction. Laws and regulations in these jurisdictions apply broadly to the collection, use, storage, disclosure and security of personal data that identifies or may be used to identify an individual, such as names, telephone numbers, email addresses and, in some jurisdictions, IP addresses and other online identifiers.

In addition, we continue to see jurisdictions imposing data localization laws, which require personal information, or certain subcategories of personal information to be stored in the jurisdiction of origin. These regulations may inhibit our ability to expand into those markets or prohibit us from continuing to offer services in those markets without significant additional costs.

As we expand into new industries and regions, we will likely need to comply with new requirements to compete effectively. The uncertainty and changes in the requirements of multiple jurisdictions may increase the cost of compliance, delay or reduce demand for our services, restrict our ability to offer services in certain locations, impact our customers’ ability to deploy our solutions in certain jurisdictions, or subject us to sanctions, by national data protection regulators, all of which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, although we endeavor to have our products and platform comply with applicable laws and regulations, these and other obligations may be modified, they may be interpreted and applied in an inconsistent manner from one jurisdiction to another, and they may conflict with one another, other regulatory requirements, contractual commitments or our internal practices.

We also may be bound by contractual obligations relating to our collection, use and disclosure of personal, financial and other data or may find it necessary or desirable to join industry or other self-regulatory bodies or other privacy or data protection-related businesses that require compliance with their rules pertaining to privacy and data protection.

We expect that there will continue to be new proposed laws, rules of self-regulatory bodies, regulations and industry standards concerning privacy, data protection and information security in Brazil and other jurisdictions, and we cannot yet determine the impact such future laws, rules, regulations and standards may have on our business. For instance, the State of São Paulo has a law in place determining that a consumer may restrict the receipt of telemarketing, SMS or WhatsApp messages in their mobiles by registering their phone numbers in a specific registry. There can be no assurance that the public in general will not adopt this tool to restrict the receipt of unsolicited telemarketing, SMSs and WhatsApp messages. A broad use of this tool by the public (particularly if its adoption is extended to other Brazilian states or foreign jurisdictions where we operate) may materially adversely affect our business as it may prevent our customers to effectively use our platform to promote their businesses. Moreover, existing Brazilian and foreign privacy and data protection-related laws and regulations are evolving and subject to potentially differing interpretations, and various legislative and regulatory bodies may expand current or enact new laws and regulations regarding privacy and data protection-related matters. Because global laws, regulations and industry standards concerning privacy and data security have continued to develop and evolve rapidly, it is possible that we or our products or platform may not be, or may not have been, compliant with each such applicable law, regulation and industry standard and compliance with such new laws or to changes to existing laws may impact our business and practices, require us to expend significant resources to adapt to these changes, or to stop offering our products in certain countries. These developments could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Any failure or perceived failure by us, our products or our platform to comply with new or existing Brazilian or other foreign privacy or data security laws, regulations, policies, industry standards or legal obligations, or any security incident that results in the unauthorized access to, or acquisition, release or transfer of, personal data or other customer data may result in governmental investigations, inquiries, enforcement actions and prosecutions, private litigation, fines and penalties, adverse publicity or potential loss of business.

We may be materially adversely affected in the event that we are in violation of anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws and regulations in the jurisdiction in which we operate.

We operate in a jurisdiction that has a high risk of corruption and we are subject to anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws and regulations, including Brazilian Federal Law No. 12,846/2013, or the Brazilian Anticorruption Law, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, or the FCPA, and the U.K. Bribery Act of 2010, or the Bribery Act, as well as other similar anti-bribery and anti-kickback laws and regulations in the jurisdictions where we operate. Brazilian Anticorruption Law, the FCPA and the Bribery Act generally prohibit companies and their employees and intermediaries from authorizing, offering or providing improper payments and benefits to government officials and other persons for improper purposes. We are in the process of implementing an anti-corruption compliance program that is designed to manage the risks of doing business in light of these new and existing legal and regulatory requirements. Violations of the anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws and regulations could result in criminal liability, administrative and civil proceedings, significant fines and penalties, forfeiture of significant assets, as well as reputational harm.

Regulators may increase and/or initiate enforcement of these obligations, which may require us to make adjustments to our anti-corruption compliance program, including the procedures we use to verify the identity of cardholders and to monitor our transactions. Regulators may also reexamine the transaction volume thresholds at which we must obtain and keep applicable records or verify identities of cardholders and any change in such thresholds could result in greater costs for compliance. Costs associated with fines or enforcement actions, changes in compliance requirements, or limitations on our ability to grow could adversely affect our business, and any new requirements or changes to existing requirements could impose significant costs, result in delays to planned product improvements, make it more difficult for new merchants to join our network and reduce the attractiveness of our products and services.

Changes in laws and regulations related to the Internet or changes in the Internet infrastructure itself may diminish the demand for our products, and could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The future success of our business depends (particularly for IP-based messaging services) upon the continued use of the Internet as a primary medium for commerce, communications and business applications. Federal, state or foreign government bodies or agencies have in the past adopted, and may in the future adopt, laws or regulations affecting the use of the Internet as a commercial medium. Changes in these laws or regulations could require us to modify our products and platform in order to comply with these changes. In addition, government agencies or private businesses have imposed and may impose additional taxes, fees or other charges for accessing the Internet or commerce conducted via the Internet. These laws or charges could limit the growth of Internet-related commerce or communications generally or result in reductions in the demand for Internet-based products and services such as our products and platform. In addition, the use of the Internet as a business tool could be adversely affected due to delays in the development or adoption of new standards and protocols to handle increased demands of Internet activity, security, reliability, cost, ease-of-use, accessibility and quality of service. The performance of the Internet and its acceptance as a business tool has been adversely affected by “viruses,” “worms,” and similar malicious programs. If the use of the Internet is reduced as a result of these or other issues, then demand for our products could decline, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Changes in tax laws, tax incentives, benefits or differing interpretations of tax laws may adversely affect our results of operations.

Changes in tax laws, regulations, related interpretations and tax accounting standards in Brazil may result in a higher tax rate on our earnings, which may significantly reduce our revenues, our profits and cash flows from operations. In case of an increase in taxes applicable to our business for which we cannot alter our cost structure to pass our tax increases on to customers, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially adversely affected. Our activities are also currently subject to a municipal tax on services (Imposto Sobre Serviços), or ISS. Any increases in ISS rates would also adversely affect our profitability.

In addition, Brazilian government authorities at the federal, state and local levels are considering changes in tax laws in order to cover budgetary shortfalls resulting from the increase in government spending. If these proposals are enacted they may adversely affect our profitability by increasing our tax burden, increasing our tax compliance costs, or otherwise affecting our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

On December 20, 2023, Constitutional Amendment No. 132 was enacted into law in Brazil and introduced a new model of taxation on consumption in Brazil. In summary, this reform replaces the IPI, PIS, and COFINS federal taxes with a Contribution on Goods and Services, or CBS. The ICMS state tax and ISS municipal tax will be replaced by a Tax on Goods and Services, or IBS. Taxation will be done exclusively at the destination and will be fully non-cumulative, meaning that CBS and IBS taxes applicable in the previous stage will be credited and deducted from the amount owed by the taxpayer in their billing. IBS and CBS taxes will have unified legislation, and they will be calculated on an “outside” basis, which means that these taxes will not be included in their calculation basis-as opposed to ICMS and ISS taxes, which are calculated on an “inside” basis and are included in their calculation basis. There will be a transition period from 2026 to 2032 when current taxes will be gradually replaced by IBS and CBS. During the transition period, there will be more operational complexity due to the coexistence of two models of taxation on consumption, and we expect that taxation will be effectively simplified from 2033 onwards. With the approval of all infraconstitutional legislation between 2024 and 2025, there will be systemic adaptations for tax authorities and taxpayers in 2025, and the start of the new taxes is expected for 2026.  Also, on December 29, 2023 Law No. 14,789 was enacted into law and set forth new rules for calculating interest on shareholders’ equity.  The effects of the tax reform measures and any other changes that could result from the enactment of new and additional tax regulations have not been, and cannot be, quantified yet. We cannot guarantee that the IBS and CBS rates will not be higher than the levies currently applied to our business or that the new tax regulations to be passed by the Congress will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operation and prospects.

Additionally, tax rules in Brazil, particularly at the local level, may change without notice (although certain principles contained in the Brazilian federal constitution and certain procedures contained in applicable law must be observed). We may not always be aware of all such changes that affect our business and we may therefore fail to pay the applicable taxes or otherwise comply with tax regulations, which may result in additional tax assessments and penalties for our company.

Furthermore, we are subject to tax laws and regulations that may be interpreted differently by tax authorities than by us, for a variety of reasons. The application of direct (such as income tax and social contribution) and indirect taxes, such as sales and use tax, value-added tax, or VAT, provincial taxes, goods and services tax, business tax and gross receipt tax, to businesses like ours is a complex and evolving issue. Significant judgment is required to evaluate applicable tax obligations. In many cases, the ultimate tax determination is uncertain because it is not clear how existing statutes apply to our business. One or more states, or municipalities, the federal government or other countries may seek to challenge the taxation or procedures applied to our transactions imposing the charge of taxes or additional reporting, record-keeping or indirect tax collection obligations on businesses like ours. New taxes could also require us to incur substantial costs to capture data and collect and remit taxes. If such obligations were imposed, the additional costs associated with tax collection, remittance and audit requirements could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results.

The current Brazilian federal administration proposed to revoke the income tax exemption over the distribution of dividends, which, if promulgated, would increase tax expenses associated with any dividends or distributions of our Brazilian subsidiaries, which could impact the amount of dividends we are able to distribute to our shareholders and the amount of dividends to receive from our subsidiaries. Any future changes in tax policy or laws may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, we benefit from certain tax incentives related to research and development and technological innovation, established by Law No. 11,196, dated November 21, 2005, as amended, or Lei do Bem, and regulated by Decree No. 5,798, dated June 7, 2006. Our ability to benefit from these incentives depends on our compliance with certain obligations. Failure on our part to comply with certain obligations in accordance with the applicable rules or to provide the documentation required to substantiate such tax incentives could result in the loss of such incentives that have not yet been used and claims by the Brazilian tax authorities of the amount corresponding to taxes not paid as a result of the incentives already used, in addition to penalties and interest under Brazilian tax laws. If any of our tax benefits expires, terminates or is cancelled, we may not be successful in obtaining new tax benefits that are equally favorable, which may materially adversely affect us. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—E. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates—Income tax and social contribution.”

Furthermore, as we expand our business into new jurisdictions, there can be no assurance that any such jurisdiction will have tax treaties with the other countries where we operate and that we will not be subject to “double taxation” issues or other tax-related concerns.

If we are unable to obtain or retain geographical, non-geographical (i.e. telemarketing numbers), regional, local or toll-free numbers, or to effectively process requests, such numbers in a timely manner due to industry regulations, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.

Our future success depends in part on our ability to obtain allocations of geographical, regional, local and toll-free direct inward dialing numbers, or DIDs, at a reasonable cost and without overly burdensome restrictions because DIDs are necessary to access the public telecommunications network (even through VOIP technology) and the business model developed by us requires the management of DIDs on behalf of our customers in order to timely and effectively complete and receive calls at reasonable costs. Our ability to obtain allocations of, assign and retain DIDs depends on factors outside of our control, such as applicable regulations, the practices of authorities that administer national numbering plans or of network service providers from whom we can provision DIDs, such as offering DIDs with conditional minimum volume call level requirements, the cost of these DIDs and the level of overall competitive demand for new DIDs.

Regarding the expansion of our services, in order to obtain allocations of, assign and retain telephone numbers in other regions, we may be required to be licensed by local telecommunications regulatory authorities, some of which have been increasingly monitoring and regulating the categories of phone numbers that are eligible for provisioning to our customers. In some countries, the regulatory regime around the allocation of phone numbers is unclear, subject to change over time, and sometimes may conflict from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Furthermore, these regulations and governments’ approach to their enforcement, as well as our products and services, are still evolving and we may be unable to maintain compliance with applicable regulations, or enforce compliance by our customers, on a timely basis or without significant cost. Also, compliance with these types of regulation may require changes in products or business practices that result in reduced revenue. Due to our or our customers’ assignment and/or use of phone numbers in certain countries in a manner that violates applicable rules and regulations, we may in the future be subject to significant penalties or further governmental action, and in extreme cases, may be precluded from doing business in that particular country. We have also been forced to reclaim phone numbers from our customers as a result of certain non-compliance events. These reclamations result in loss of customers, loss of revenue, reputational harm, erosion of customer trust, and may also result in breach of contract claims, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Due to their limited availability, there are certain popular area code prefixes that we generally cannot obtain or could have limited access to. Our inability to acquire or retain DIDs for our operations would make our voice and messaging products less attractive to potential customers in the affected local geographic areas or could restrain our capability of offering VOIP services for telemarketing purposes. In addition, future growth in our customer base, together with growth in the customer bases of other providers of cloud communications, has increased, which increases our dependence on needing sufficiently large quantities of DIDs. It may become increasingly difficult to source larger quantities of DIDs as we scale and we may need to pay higher costs for DIDs, and DIDs may become subject to more stringent regulation or conditions of usage such as the registration and ongoing compliance requirements discussed above.

Additionally, in some geographies, we support number portability, which allows our customers to transfer their existing phone numbers to us and thereby retain their existing phone numbers when subscribing to our voice and messaging products. Transferring existing numbers is a manual process that can take up to 15 business days or longer to complete. Any delay that we experience in transferring these numbers typically results from the fact that we depend on network service providers to transfer these numbers, a process that we do not control, and these network service providers may refuse or substantially delay the transfer of these numbers to us. Number portability is considered an important feature by many potential customers, and if we fail to reduce any related delays, then we may experience increased difficulty in acquiring new customers.

In Brazil, the Brazilian National Telecommunication Agency (Agência Nacional de Telecomunicações), or ANATEL, determined that telemarketing calls are required to use a non-geographical 0303 pre fixed code for customers be able to identify them. Although we enable our customers to access such non-geographical codes in order to comply with such determination, we might not be able to adjust to new regulations in a timely manner, which may lead to fines or unexpected expenses until we are fully able to become fully compliant with applicable laws and regulations. Also, if we fail to comply with such regulations we may lose customers and revenues, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. See “—Certain Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry—Future legislative, regulatory or judicial actions impacting our products, services, platform and/or our business (including CX communications platform and software products) could also increase the cost and complexity of compliance and expose us to liability.”

Any of the foregoing factors could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our credit facility arrangements contain restrictive and financial covenants that may limit our operating flexibility and any default under such debt agreements may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and cash flows.

Our credit facility agreements contain certain financial and restrictive covenants that either limit our ability to, or require a mandatory prepayment in the event we, incur additional indebtedness and liens, merge with other companies or consummate certain changes of control, acquire other companies, engage in new lines of business, change business locations, make certain investments, pay dividends, make any payments on any subordinated debt, transfer or dispose of assets, amend certain material agreements, and enter into various specified transactions. We, therefore, may not be able to engage in any of the foregoing transactions unless we obtain the consent of our lenders or prepay the outstanding amount under these credit facility agreements. These agreements also contain certain financial covenants and financial reporting requirements. We may not be able to generate sufficient cash flow or sales to meet the financial covenants or pay the principal and interest under these credit facility arrangements.

Failure to meet or satisfy any of these covenants could result in an event of default under these and other agreements, as a result of cross-default provisions. If we are unable to comply with our debt covenants, we may be required to seek waivers or renegotiate our existing agreements. For example, in 2023, we renegotiated our financing agreements, including the financial covenants therein. As of December 31, 2024, we performed a thorough review of the covenants associated with our loan and financing agreements, as part of our regular year-end procedures. Although we were in full compliance with all financial covenants as of that date, with no breaches or events of default identified, certain waivers were proactively renegotiated with financial institutions as a precautionary measure to address potential non-compliance with restrictive clauses. These waivers were formally documented through appropriate consents, ensuring continued alignment with the terms of the respective agreements (see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—B. Liquidity and Capital Resources—Indebtedness”). However, there can be no guarantee that we will be successful in future renegotiations if we fail to meet the financial targets for our current and future debt covenants. If we are unable to obtain such waivers, a large portion of our debt could be subject to acceleration. In the event of acceleration, we could be required to renegotiate, restructure or refinance our indebtedness, seek additional equity capital or sell assets, which could materially and adversely affect us. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—B. Liquidity and Capital Resources—Indebtedness.”

Furthermore, our future working capital, borrowings, or equity financing could be unavailable to repay or refinance the amounts outstanding under the credit facility. In the event of liquidation, our lenders would be repaid all outstanding principal and interest prior to distribution of assets to unsecured creditors, and the holders of our Class A and Class B common shares would receive a portion of any liquidation proceeds only if all of our creditors, including our lenders, were first repaid in full.

Our holding company structure makes us dependent on the operations of our subsidiaries.

We are a company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands with limited liability. Our material assets are our direct and indirect equity interests in our subsidiaries. We are, therefore, dependent upon payments, dividends and distributions from our subsidiaries for funds to pay our holding company’s operating and other expenses and to pay future cash dividends or distributions, if any, to holders of our Class A common shares. The amount of any dividends or distributions which may be paid to us from time to time will depend on many factors including, for example, such subsidiaries’ results of operations and financial condition; limits on dividends under applicable law; their constitutional documents; documents governing any indebtedness; applicability of tax treaties; and other factors which may be outside our control. Furthermore, exchange rate fluctuation will affect the U.S. dollar value of any distributions our subsidiaries (which are currently mostly located in Brazil) make with respect to our equity interests in those subsidiaries. See “—Certain Risks Relating to Brazil— Exchange rate instability may have adverse effects on the Brazilian economy, us and the price of our Class A common shares,” “The ongoing economic uncertainty and political instability in Brazil may harm us and the price of our Class A common shares” and “Item 8—Financial Information—A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information—Dividends and Dividend Policy.”

Breaches of our networks or systems, or those of our cloud infrastructure providers or our service providers, could degrade our ability to conduct our business, compromise the integrity of our products, platform and data, result in significant data losses and the theft of our intellectual property, damage our reputation, expose us to liability to third parties and require us to incur significant additional costs to maintain the security of our networks and data.

We depend upon our IT systems to conduct virtually all of our business operations, ranging from our internal operations and research and development activities to our marketing and sales efforts and communications with our customers and sales channel partners. Individuals or entities may attempt to penetrate our network security, or that of our platform, and to cause harm to our business operations, including by misappropriating our proprietary information or that of our customers, employees and sales channel partners or to cause interruptions of our products and platform. In particular, cyberattacks and other malicious internet-based activity continue to increase in frequency and in magnitude generally, and cloud-based companies have been targeted in the past. In addition to threats from traditional computer hackers, malicious code (such as malware, viruses, worms, and ransomware), employee theft or misuse, password spraying, phishing, credential stuffing, and denial-of-service attacks, we can also face threats from sophisticated organized crime, nation-state, and nation-state supported actors who engage in attacks (including advanced persistent threat intrusions) that add to the risk to our systems (including those hosted on cloud infrastructure providers, internal networks, our customers’ systems and the information that they store and process. While we devote significant financial and personnel resources to implement and maintain security measures, because the techniques used by such individuals or entities to access, disrupt or sabotage devices, systems and networks change frequently and may not be recognized until launched against a target, we may be required to make further investments over time to protect data and infrastructure as cybersecurity threats develop, evolve and grow more complex over time. We may also be unable to anticipate these techniques, and we may not become aware in a timely manner of such a security breach, which could exacerbate any damage we experience. For further information, see “Item 16K. Cybersecurity.”

Additionally, we depend upon our employees and contractors to appropriately handle confidential and sensitive data, including customer data, and to deploy our IT resources in a safe and secure manner that does not expose our network systems to security breaches or the loss of data. We have been and expect to be subject to cybersecurity threats and incidents, including employee errors or individual attempts to gain unauthorized access to information systems. Any data security incidents, including internal malfeasance or inadvertent disclosures by our employees or a third party’s fraudulent inducement of our employees to disclose information, unauthorized access or usage, virus or similar breach or disruption of us or our service providers, could result in loss of confidential information, damage to our reputation, erosion of customer trust, loss of customers, litigation, regulatory investigations, fines, penalties and other liabilities. Such liabilities are also related to the penalties, lawsuits and other regulatory scrutiny arising from the LGPD and the Brazilian Code of Consumer Defense. According to the Brazilian Code of Consumer Defense, consumers may file complaints with consumer protection agencies, comprising the Federal Consumer Agency (Departamento de Proteção e Defesa do Consumidor), and the local consumer protection agencies, or PROCONs. In case consumer protection agencies identify a violation of the Brazilian Code of Consumer Defense, such agencies may impose the penalties set forth in section 56 of the Brazilian Code of Consumer Defense (commonly a fine that varies from R$800 (eight hundred reais) to up to R$9.5 million, depending on the size of the company, the advantage obtained as result of the practice and the seriousness of the case). Consumers may also file civil lawsuits seeking compensation for damages. In addition, the Public Prosecutor’s Office may initiate a proceeding which consists of civil inquiries or investigations arising from consumer complaints in order to verify the company’s compliance with consumer law. If the inquiries or investigations conclude that there was no infraction to the law, administrative proceedings filed by the Public Prosecutor Office may be postponed or closed. However, administrative proceedings may also lead to Terms of Conduct Adjustment, or TACs, entered into between us and the relevant authorities, which are intended to adjust our conduct to certain requirements and legal standards, or lead to a public civil action (ação civil pública) against us. Accordingly, if our cybersecurity measures or those of our service providers, fail to protect against unauthorized access, attacks (which may include sophisticated cyberattacks), compromise or the mishandling of data by our employees and contractors, our reputation, customer trust, business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected. Vulnerability to cyberattacks may increase in light of our adoption of a permanent remote work policy (Zenvia Anywhere), a measure that we implemented in 2020. While we maintain errors, omissions, and cyber liability insurance policies covering certain security and privacy damages, we cannot be certain that our existing insurance coverage will continue to be available on acceptable terms or will be available, and in sufficient amounts, to cover the potentially significant losses that may result from a security incident or breach or that the insurer will not deny coverage as to any future claim.

For further information regarding sanctions, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Regulatory Matters—Impacts of the enforcement of Law No. 13,709/2018 (Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais), or LGPD, to our products and platform and our business model.”

Unfavorable conditions in our industry or the global economy or reductions in spending on information technology and communications could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our results of operations may vary based on the impact of changes in our industry or the global economy on our customers. Our results of operations depend in part on demand for information technology and cloud communications. In addition, our revenue is dependent on the usage of our products, which in turn is influenced by the scale of business that our customers are conducting. To the extent that weak economic conditions, global inflation, higher interest rates, geopolitical developments, such as existing and potential trade wars, and other events outside of our control, such as health crisis, result in a reduced volume of business for, and communications by, our customers and prospective customers, demand for, and use of, our products may decline. Furthermore, weak economic conditions may make it more difficult to collect on outstanding accounts receivable. If our customers reduce their use of our products, or prospective customers delay adoption or elect not to adopt our products, as a result of a weak economy, this could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

A material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting has been identified. If we are unable to remedy such material weakness or fail to establish and maintain a proper and effective system of disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting, our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements, our results of operations and our ability to operate our business or comply with applicable regulations may be adversely affected.

After our initial public offering completed in July 2021, we became subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which requires, among other things, that we establish and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures.

In connection with the preparation of our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024, we and our independent registered public accounting firm identified a material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024. A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of control deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

The identified material weakness relates to the ineffective design, implementation and operation of internal controls over the revenue recognition business process.

Although we are confident that our action plans discussed in “Item 15. Controls and Procedures — B. Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting — Remediation Plan and Actions” will improve our internal control over financial reporting and address the underlying cause of this material weakness, we cannot assure investors that our efforts will be effective or prevent any future material weakness or significant deficiency in our internal control over financial reporting. See “Item 15. Controls and Procedures — B. Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting” for additional details.

In addition, we cannot be certain that we have identified all material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting or that in the future we will not have additional material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. Moreover, while we currently do not expect that the expenses we will have to incur to remediate the above referred material weaknesses will adversely affect our business, we may incur in unforeseen expenses.

We may not be able to successfully manage our intellectual property and may be subject to infringement claims.

We rely on a network of contractual rights, trademarks, patents and trade secrets to establish and protect our proprietary rights, including our technology. For further information regarding our intellectual property, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Intellectual Property.” Third parties may challenge, invalidate, circumvent, infringe or misappropriate our intellectual property, or such intellectual property may not be sufficient to permit us to take advantage of current market trends or otherwise to provide competitive advantages, which could result in costly redesign efforts, discontinuance of certain service offerings or other competitive harm. Others, including our competitors, may independently develop similar technology, duplicate our services or design around our intellectual property, and in such cases, we could not assert our intellectual property rights against such parties. Further, our contractual arrangements may not effectively prevent disclosure of our confidential information or provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosure of our confidential information. We may have to litigate to enforce or determine the scope and enforceability of our intellectual property rights, trade secrets and know-how, which is expensive, could cause a diversion of resources and may not prove successful. Also, because of the rapid pace of technological change in our industry, aspects of our business and our services rely on technologies developed or licensed by third parties, and we may not be able to obtain or continue to obtain licenses and technologies from these third parties on reasonable terms or at all. The loss of intellectual property protection, the inability to obtain third-party intellectual property or delay or refusal by relevant regulatory authorities to approve pending intellectual property registration applications could adversely affect our business and ability to compete.

We may also be subject to costly litigation in the event our services and technology infringe upon or otherwise violate a third party’s proprietary rights. Third parties may have, or may eventually be issued, patents that could be infringed by our proprietary rights. Any of these third parties could make a claim of infringement against us with respect to our proprietary rights. We may also be subject to claims by third parties for breach of copyright, trademark, license usage or other intellectual property rights. Any claim from third parties may result in a limitation on our ability to use the intellectual property subject to these claims or could prevent us from registering our brands as trademarks. Even if we believe that intellectual property related claims are without merit, defending against such claims is time-consuming and expensive and could result in the diversion of the time and attention of our management and employees. Claims of intellectual property infringement also might require us to redesign affected services, enter into costly settlement or license agreements, pay costly damage awards, change our brands, or face a temporary or permanent injunction prohibiting us from marketing or selling certain of our services or using certain of our brands. Even if we have an agreement for indemnification against such costs, the indemnifying party, if any in such circumstances, may be unable to uphold its contractual obligations. If we cannot or do not license the infringed technology on reasonable terms or substitute similar technology from another source, our revenue and earnings could be adversely impacted.

In the future, we may also introduce or acquire new products, technologies or businesses, including in areas where we historically have not participated in, which could increase our exposure to intellectual property claims. Any claims or litigation could cause us to incur significant expenses and, if successfully asserted against us, could require that we pay substantial damages or ongoing royalty payments, prevent us from offering our products, or require that we comply with other unfavorable terms. We may also be obligated to indemnify our customers or sales channel partners in connection with any such litigation and to obtain licenses or modify our products or platform, which could further exhaust our resources. Litigation is inherently uncertain and even if we were to prevail in the event of claims or litigation against us, any claim or litigation regarding intellectual property could be costly and time-consuming and divert the attention of our management and other employees from our business. Patent infringement, trademark infringement, trade secret misappropriation and other intellectual property claims and proceedings brought against us, whether successful or not, could harm our brand, business, results of operations and financial condition.

In addition, laws of the countries where we operate do not protect intellectual property and other proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. To the extent we expand our international activities, our exposure to unauthorized copying, transfer and use of our proprietary technology or information may increase.

We cannot be certain that our means of protecting our intellectual property and proprietary rights will be adequate or that our competitors will not independently develop similar technology. If we fail to meaningfully protect our intellectual property and proprietary rights, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Our customers’ and other users’ violation of our policies or other misuse of our platform to transmit unauthorized, offensive or illegal messages, spam, phishing scams, and website links to harmful applications or for other fraudulent or illegal activity could damage our reputation, and we may face a risk of litigation and liability for illegal activities on our platform and unauthorized, inaccurate, or fraudulent information distributed via our platform.

The actual or perceived improper sending of text messages, Facebook messages, WhatsApp messages or voice calls may subject us to potential risks, including liabilities or claims relating to the LGPD and other consumer protection laws and regulatory enforcement, including fines. The scope and interpretation of the laws that are or may be applicable to the delivery of text messages are continuously evolving and developing. If we do not comply with these laws or regulations or if we become liable under these laws or regulations due to the failure of our customers to comply with these laws by obtaining proper consent, we could face direct liability.

Moreover, despite our efforts to limit any such use, there is a chance that certain of our customers may use our platform to transmit unauthorized, offensive or illegal messages, calls, spam, phishing scams, and website links to harmful applications, reproduce and distribute copyrighted material or the trademarks of others without permission, and report inaccurate or fraudulent data or information. These actions are in violation of our policies made available to them. However, our efforts to defeat spamming attacks, illegal robocalls and other fraudulent activity will not prevent all such attacks and activity. Such use of our platform could damage our reputation and we could face claims for damages, copyright or trademark infringement, defamation, negligence, or fraud and be subject to fines imposed by our network service providers. Moreover, our customers’ and other users’ promotion of their products and services through our platform might not comply with federal, state, and foreign laws. We rely on contractual representations made to us by our customers that their use of our platform will comply with our policies and applicable law, including, without limitation, our messaging policies. Although we retain the right to verify that customers and other users are abiding by certain contractual terms, our customers and other users are ultimately responsible for compliance with our policies, and we do not systematically audit our customers or other users to confirm compliance with our policies. We cannot predict whether our role in facilitating our customers’ or other users’ activities would expose us to liability under applicable law. Even if claims asserted against us do not result in liability, we may incur substantial costs in investigating and defending such claims. If we are found liable for our customers’ or other users’ activities, we could be required to pay fines or penalties, redesign business methods or otherwise expend resources to remedy any damages caused by such actions and to avoid future liability.

We depend largely on our senior management, other key employees and qualified personnel, the loss of any of whom and our inability to continue to attract other qualified personnel could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our future performance depends on the continued services and contributions of our senior management, other key employees and qualified personnel to execute on our business plan, to develop our products and platform, to deliver our products to customers, to attract and retain customers and to identify and pursue opportunities. The loss of members of our senior management, other key employees and qualified personnel could disrupt our operations and significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our development and strategic objectives. In particular, we depend to a considerable degree on the vision, skills, experience and effort of our founder and chief executive officer, Cassio Bobsin.

If members of our senior management team resign, we may not be able to sustain our existing culture or replace them with individuals of the same experience and qualification. The replacement of any of our senior management personnel would likely involve significant time and costs, and such loss could significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our business objectives. The loss of the services of any of our senior management or other key employees for any reason could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our future success also depends on our ability to identify, attract, hire, train, retain, motivate and manage other highly skilled technical, managerial, information technology (particularly developers) and marketing, product, sales and customer service personnel. Competition for such personnel is intense, and we may not be able to successfully attract, hire, train, retain, motivate and manage sufficiently qualified personnel. If we are unable to retain and motivate our existing employees and attract qualified personnel to fill key positions, we may be unable to manage our business effectively, including the development, marketing and sale of our products, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. To the extent we hire personnel from competitors, we also may be subject to allegations that they have been improperly solicited or disclosed proprietary or other confidential information.

In addition, even if we are successful in hiring qualified sales personnel, newly hired personnel require significant training and experience before they achieve full productivity, particularly for sales efforts targeted at businesses and new regions (including outside of Brazil). Our recent hires and planned hires may not become as productive as quickly as we expect, and we may be unable to hire or retain sufficient numbers of qualified individuals in the future in the markets where we do business.

Volatility in, or lack of performance of, our Class A common share price may also affect our ability to attract and retain key personnel. Many of our key personnel are, or will soon be, vested in a substantial number of our Class A common shares in the context of our equity incentive plans. Employees may be more likely to terminate their employment with us if the shares underlying their vested options have significantly appreciated in value relative to the original exercise prices of the options, or, conversely, if the exercise prices of the options that they hold are significantly above the trading price of our Class A common shares. If we are unable to retain our employees, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected. For further information regarding our long-term compensation incentive plans, see “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—B. Compensation—Equity Incentive Plans.” 

We face exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, and such fluctuations could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

As our international operations expand, our exposure to the effects of fluctuations in currency exchange rates will grow. For example, global political events, including the United Kingdom’s exit from the European Union, the conflict between Ukraine and Russia, the conflict in the Gaza Strip, trade tariff developments and other geopolitical events have caused global economic uncertainty and variability in foreign currency exchange rates. While we have primarily transacted with customers in Brazilian reais, in light of our international expansion we expect to transact with customers in Mexican pesos, Argentine pesos, and U.S. dollars, among others. We expect to significantly expand the number of transactions with customers that are denominated in foreign currencies in the future as we continue to expand our business internationally. We also incur expenses for some of our network service provider costs outside of Brazil in local currencies and for employee compensation and other operating expenses at our non-Brazil locations in the local currency for such locations. Fluctuations in the exchange rates between the Brazilian real and other currencies could result in an increase to the Brazilian equivalent of such expenses.

As we continue to expand our international operations in Latin America, we become more exposed to the effects of fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Accordingly, changes in the value of foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar can affect our results of operations due to transactional and translational remeasurements. As a result of such foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, it could be more difficult to detect underlying trends in our business and results of operations. In addition, to the extent that fluctuations in currency exchange rates cause our results of operations to differ from our expectations or the expectations of our investors and securities analysts who follow our stock, the trading price of our Class A common shares could be adversely affected.

We do not maintain a program to hedge transactional exposures in foreign currencies. However, in the future, we may use derivative instruments, such as foreign currency forward and option contracts, to hedge certain exposures to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The use of such hedging activities may not offset any or more than a portion of the adverse financial effects of unfavorable movements in foreign exchange rates over the limited time the hedges are in place. Moreover, the use of hedging instruments may introduce additional risks if we are unable to structure effective hedges with such instruments.

The costs and effects of pending and future litigation, investigations or similar matters, or adverse facts and developments related thereto, could materially affect our business, financial position and results of operations.

In the ordinary course of business, we and our subsidiaries are and may continue to be in the future parties to tax, civil, labor and consumer protection proceedings, as well as arbitration and administrative investigations, inspections and proceedings whose outcomes may be unfavorable to us. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we have recorded an amount of R$1,797 thousand and R$42,207 thousand, respectively, in provisions for disputes that represent a probable loss for us and our subsidiaries. Also, we are not required to record provisions for proceedings in which our management judges the risk of loss to be possible or remote. However, the amounts involved in some of these proceedings may be substantial, and eventual losses on them could be significantly high. Even for the amounts recorded as provisions for probable losses, a judgment against us would have an impact on our cash flow if we were required to pay those amounts and the eventual losses could be higher than the provisions we have recorded. Unfavorable decisions in our legal proceedings (including court decisions unfavorable to us in amounts above those provisioned for or that prevent us from carrying out our projects, as initially planned) may, therefore, reduce our liquidity and have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. For more information on material legal proceedings, see “Item 8. Financial Information—A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information––Legal and Administrative Proceedings.”

There are risks for which our insurance policies may not adequately cover or for which we have no insurance coverage. Insufficient insurance coverage or the materialization of such uninsured risks could adversely affect us.

Our insurance policies may not adequately cover all risks to which we are exposed. In addition, we may not carry insurance sufficient to compensate us for any losses that may result from claims arising from defects or disruptions in our products. We cannot assure investors that we will be able to maintain our insurance policies in the future or that we will be able to renew them at reasonable prices or on acceptable terms, which may adversely affect our business and the trading price of our Class A common shares. Moreover, we are subject to risks for which we are uninsured, such as war, natural catastrophes, including hurricanes, other force majeure events and breaches of the security of our systems by hackers. The occurrence of a significant loss that is not insured or compensable, or that is only partially insured or compensable, may require us to commit significant cash resources to cover such losses, which may adversely affect us.

Certain Risks Relating to Brazil

The Brazilian federal government has exercised, and continues to exercise, significant influence over the Brazilian economy. This involvement as well as Brazil’s political, regulatory, legal and economic conditions could harm us and the price of our Class A common shares.

The Brazilian federal government frequently exercises significant influence over the Brazilian economy and occasionally makes significant changes in policy and regulations. The Brazilian government’s actions to control inflation and other policies and regulations have often involved, among other measures, increases or decreases in interest rates, changes in fiscal policies, wage and price controls, foreign exchange rate controls, blocking access to bank accounts, currency devaluations, capital controls and import and export restrictions. We have no control over and cannot predict what measures or policies the Brazilian government may take in the future, and how these can impact us and our business. We and the market price of our securities may be harmed by changes in Brazilian government policies, as well as general economic factors, including, without limitation:

●                    growth or downturn of the Brazilian economy;

●                    interest rates and monetary policies;

●                    exchange rates and currency fluctuations;

●                    inflation;

●                    liquidity of the domestic capital and lending markets;

●                    import and export controls;

●                    exchange controls and restrictions on remittances abroad and payments of dividends;

●                    modifications to laws and regulations according to political, social and economic interests;

●                    fiscal policy and changes in tax laws and related interpretations by tax authorities;

●                    economic, political and social instability, including general strikes and mass demonstrations;

●                    the regulatory framework governing our industry;

●                    labor and social security regulations;

●                    public health crises; and

●                    other political, diplomatic, social and economic developments in or affecting Brazil.

Uncertainty over whether the Brazilian federal government will implement reforms or changes in policy or regulation affecting these or other factors in the future may affect economic performance and contribute to economic uncertainty in Brazil, which may have an adverse effect on our activities and consequently our operating results and may also adversely affect the trading price of our Class A common shares. Recent economic and political instability has led to a negative perception of the Brazilian economy and higher volatility in the Brazilian securities markets, which also may adversely affect us and our Class A common shares. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—A. Operating Results—Principal Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations—Macroeconomic Environment.”

The ongoing economic uncertainty and political instability in Brazil may harm us and the price of our Class A common shares.

The Brazilian political environment influenced and continues to influence the economic performance of the country. The political crises affected and continue to affect the trust of investors and the general public, causing economic slowdowns and an increase in volatility of securities issued by Brazilian companies. Political instability has been exacerbated by polarized Brazilian political and social tensions. It is unclear whether such tensions will dissipate or intensify and the resulting impacts or adverse effects on our business operations or the safety of our employees, our customers, and the communities in which we operate.

Furthermore, the federal government’s difficulty in having a majority in the National Congress could result in a deadlock, political unrest and massive demonstrations and/or strikes, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Uncertainties regarding the current government’s implementation of changes in monetary, fiscal and social security policies, as well as the relevant legislation, may contribute to economic instability. These uncertainties and new measures may increase the volatility of the Brazilian securities market.

The President of Brazil has the power to determine policies and issue governmental acts related to the conduct of the Brazilian economy and, consequently, affect the operations and financial performance of companies, including ourselves. We cannot predict which policies the Brazilian federal government may adopt or change to promote macroeconomic stability, fiscal discipline and adequate levels of domestic and foreign investment, or the effect that any such policies might have on our business or on the Brazilian economy. For instance, the Ministry of Economy, Mr. Fernando Haddad, has a critical view on tax incentives to certain economic sectors and had suggested cutting some of these incentives.

Uncertainty as to whether the Brazilian government will implement significant reforms in public policy in the future may contribute to economic uncertainty in Brazil and to heightened volatility in the Brazilian securities markets and the securities issued by Brazilian companies. As a result, there may be high volatility in the domestic financial markets in the short term, and economic recovery in the long term may be hindered. Accordingly, improvements in the labor market and income growth may be limited, which could have an adverse effect on our operations and financial results. Worsening political and economic conditions in Brazil may increase production and supply chain costs and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Any of the above factors may create additional political uncertainty, which could harm the Brazilian economy and, consequently, our business, and could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and the trading price of our Class A common shares.

Inflation and certain measures by the Brazilian government to curb inflation have historically harmed the Brazilian economy and Brazilian capital markets, and high levels of inflation in the future would harm our business and the price of our Class A common shares.

In the past, Brazil has experienced extremely high rates of inflation. Inflation and some of the measures taken by the Brazilian government in an attempt to curb inflation have had significant negative effects on the Brazilian economy generally. Inflation, policies adopted to curb inflationary pressures and uncertainties regarding possible future governmental intervention have contributed to economic uncertainty and heightened volatility in the Brazilian capital markets.

According to the National Consumer Price Index (Índice Nacional de Preços ao Consumidor Amplo), or IPCA, which is published by the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística), or IBGE, Brazilian inflation rates were 4.8%, 3.6% and 5.8% for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Brazil may experience high levels of inflation in the future and inflationary pressures may lead to the Brazilian government’s intervening in the economy and introducing policies that could harm our business and the price of our Class A common shares. One of the tools used by the Brazilian government to control inflation levels is its monetary policy, specifically in regard to the official Brazilian interest rate. An increase in the interest rate restricts the availability of credit and reduces economic growth, and vice versa. During recent years there has been significant volatility in the official Brazilian interest rate, which ranged from 14.25%, on December 31, 2015, to 2.00% as of December 31, 2021, 13.75% as of December 31, 2022, 11.75% as of December 31, 2023 and 12.25% as of December 31, 2024. As of the date of this annual report, the official Brazilian base interest rate is 14.75%. This rate is set by the Monetary Policy Committee of the Brazilian Central Bank (Comitê de Política Monetária), or COPOM. Any change in interest rate, in particular any volatile swings, can adversely affect our growth, indebtedness and financial condition.

Exchange rate instability may have adverse effects on the Brazilian economy, us and the price of our Class A common shares.

The Brazilian currency has been historically volatile and has been devalued frequently over the past three decades. Throughout this period, the Brazilian government has implemented various economic plans and used various exchange rate policies, including sudden devaluations, periodic mini-devaluations (during which the frequency of adjustments has ranged from daily to monthly), exchange controls, dual exchange rate markets and a floating exchange rate system. Although long-term depreciation of the real is generally linked to the rate of inflation in Brazil, depreciation of the real occurring over shorter periods of time has resulted in significant variations in the exchange rate between the real, the U.S. dollar and other currencies. In 2014, the real depreciated by 11.8% against the U.S. dollar, while in 2015 it further depreciated by 32%. The real/U.S. dollar exchange rate reported by the Brazilian Central Bank was R$3.2591 per US$1.00 on December 31, 2016, an appreciation of 16.5% against the rate of R$3.9048 per US$1.00 reported on December 31, 2015. In 2017, the real depreciated by 1.5%, with the exchange rate reaching R$3.3080 per US$1.00 on December 31, 2017. In 2018, the real depreciated an additional 17.1%, to R$3.8748 per US$1.00 on December 31, 2018. The real/U.S. dollar exchange rate reported by the Brazilian Central Bank was R$4.0307 per US$1.00 on December 31, 2019, which reflected a 4.0% depreciation of the real against the U.S. dollar for the year. Due to the COVID-19 and the economic and political instability, the real depreciated 47.2% against the U.S. dollar since December 31, 2019, and reached R$5.9372 per US$1.00 as of May 14, 2020, its lowest level since the introduction of the currency in 1994. As of December 31, 2022, the Brazilian real/U.S. dollar selling exchange rate was R$5.2177 per U.S. dollar, reflecting a 6.5% appreciation against the U.S. dollar as compared to the exchange rate as of December 31, 2021. The real appreciated against the U.S. dollar in 2023 by 7.2%. The exchange rate as of  December 31, 2024 was R$6.1923 per US$1.00, from R$4.8413 per US$1.00 as of December 29, 2023. The exchange rate reported by the Brazilian Central Bank was R$5.6262 per US$1.00 on May, 13, 2025. There can be no assurance that the real will not again depreciate and/or appreciate against the U.S. dollar or other currencies in the future.

A devaluation of the real relative to the U.S. dollar could create inflationary pressures in Brazil and cause the Brazilian government to, among other measures, increase interest rates. Any depreciation of the real may generally restrict access to the international capital markets. It would also reduce the U.S. dollar value of our results of operations. Restrictive macroeconomic policies could reduce the stability of the Brazilian economy and harm our results of operations and profitability. In addition, domestic and international reactions to restrictive economic policies could have a negative impact on the Brazilian economy. These policies and any reactions to them may harm us by curtailing access to foreign financial markets and prompting further government intervention. A devaluation of the real relative to the U.S. dollar may also, as in the context of the current economic slowdown, decrease consumer spending, increase deflationary pressures and reduce economic growth.

On the other hand, an appreciation of the real relative to the U.S. dollar and other foreign currencies may deteriorate the Brazilian foreign exchange current accounts. Depending on the circumstances, either devaluation or appreciation of the real relative to the U.S. dollar and other foreign currencies could restrict the growth of the Brazilian economy, as well as affecting our business, results of operations and profitability.

Infrastructure and workforce deficiency in Brazil may impact economic growth and have a material adverse effect on us.

Our performance depends on the overall health and growth of the Brazilian economy. Brazilian GDP growth has fluctuated over the past few years, with contractions of 3.5% and 3.3% in 2015 and 2016, respectively, followed by growth of 1.3% in both 2017 and 2018, 1.1% for the year ended December 31, 2019 and a contraction of 4.1% for the year ended December 31, 2020. Brazilian GDP grew 4.6% in the year ended December 31, 2021, grew 2.9% in the year ended December 31, 2022, grew 2.9% in the year ended December 31, 2023 and grew 3.4% in the year ended December 31, 2024. Growth is limited by inadequate infrastructure, including potential energy shortages and deficient transportation, logistics and telecommunication sectors, general strikes, the lack of a qualified labor force (particularly developers), and the lack of private and public investments in these areas, which limit productivity and efficiency. Any of these factors could lead to labor market volatility and generally impact income, purchasing power and consumption levels, which could limit growth and ultimately have a material adverse effect on us.

Developments and the perceptions of risks in other countries, including other emerging markets, the United States and Europe, may harm the Brazilian economy and the price of our Class A common shares.

The market for securities offered by companies with significant operations in Brazil (which is our case) is influenced by political, economic and market conditions in Brazil and, to varying degrees, market conditions in other Latin American and emerging markets, as well as the United States, Europe and other countries. For example, share prices of companies with significant operations in Brazil (whether they are listed on NASDAQ, NYSE or the São Paulo Stock Exchange (B3 S.A. - Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão)) have historically been sensitive to fluctuations in U.S. interest rates and the behavior of the major U.S. stock indexes. An increase in interest rates in other countries, especially the United States, may reduce global liquidity and investors’ interest in securities issued by companies with significant operations in Brazil, adversely affecting the price of our Class A common shares. Interest rates have increased rapidly in the United States in the year ended December 31, 2022. For instance, in March 2022, the U.S. Federal Reserve raised its benchmark federal funds rate by 0.25% to a range between 0.25% and 0.50%, the first increase since December 2018 and over time the U.S. Federal Reserve increased interest rates in the United States to a target range of 5.25%-5.50%. If the U.S. Federal Reserve continues to raise the federal funds rate, it may redirect the flow of capital from emerging markets into the United States because investors may be able to obtain greater risk-adjusted returns in larger or more developed economies. Thus, companies in emerging market economies could find it more difficult and expensive to borrow capital and refinance existing debt. This may negatively affect our potential for economic growth and our ability to refinance our existing debt and could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, prospects and the market price of our shares. Technology companies have been sensitive to the effects as investors may look to higher yield short-term investment options rather than wait for technology companies to generate long-term growth and expected future cash flows.

To the extent the conditions of the global markets or economy deteriorate, the business of companies with significant operations in Brazil may be harmed. The weakness in the global economy has been marked by, among other adverse factors, lower levels of consumer and corporate confidence, decreased business investment and consumer spending, increased unemployment, increase in inflation, reduced income and asset values in many areas, reduction of China’s growth rate, currency volatility and limited availability of credit and access to capital. Developments or economic conditions in other countries may significantly affect the availability of credit to companies with significant operations in Brazil and result in considerable outflows of funds from Brazil, decreasing the amount of foreign investments in Brazil.

Crises and political instability in other emerging market countries, the United States, Europe or other countries could decrease investor demand for securities offered by companies with significant operations in Brazil, such as our Class A common shares. Investor sentiment in one country may cause capital markets in other countries to fluctuate, affecting the value of our Class A common shares, even if indirectly. The economic, political and social instability in the United States, the trade war between the United States and China, crisis in Europe and other countries and global tensions, as well as economic or political crises and social unrest in Latin America or other emerging markets, can significantly affect the perception of the risks inherent in investment in Brazil.

Economic and political uncertainty and potential interest rate increases in the United States may also create uncertainty in the Brazilian economy. The policies to be adopted by Mr. Donald Trump as the President of the United States after having taken office on January 20, 2025, particularly with respect to trade and commercial barriers, are still uncertain. In the past, Mr. Trump has advocated greater restrictions on trade generally and significant increases on tariffs on certain goods imported into the United States. On February 2025, Mr. Donald Trump singed new executive orders determining raised tariffs on steel and aluminum imports to a flat 25%, without exceptions or exemptions, which directly impact suppliers in Brazil and other countries. In a more recent action, Mr. Donald Trump has signed a presidential memorandum laying out a plan to impose reciprocal tariffs on foreign nations, targeting a list of imports that includes the ethanol produced in Brazil, among others. To the extent changes in the U.S. political environment have a negative impact on us or on our markets, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Furthermore, global markets are still operating in a period of economic uncertainty, volatility and disruption following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. The ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine has provoked strong reactions from the United States, the UK, the EU and various other countries around the world, including from the members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine beginning on February 24, 2022, the United States, the UK, the EU and other countries announced broad economic sanctions against Russia, including financial measures such as freezing Russia’s central bank assets and limiting its ability to access its U.S. dollar reserves. The United States, the EU and the UK have also banned people and businesses from dealings with the Russian central bank, its finance ministry and its wealth fund. Selected Russian banks will also be removed from the Swift messaging system, which enables the smooth transfer of money across borders. Other sanctions by the UK include major Russians bank being excluded from the UK financial system, stopping them from accessing sterling and clearing payments, major Russian companies and the state being stopped from raising finance or borrowing money on the UK markets, and the establishment of limits on deposits Russians can make at UK banks. The United States, the EU and the UK adopted personal measures, such as sanctions on individuals with close ties to Mr. Putin, and placed visa restrictions on several oligarchs, as well as their family members and close associates, and freezing of assets.

We are currently operating in a period of economic uncertainty and capital markets disruption, which has been significantly impacted by geopolitical instability due to the military conflict between Russia and Ukraine and armed conflicts between Israel and Hamas, the Hezbollah attacks on Israel, the Houthi attacks in the Red Sea, and other hostilities from rebel militia groups in Syria and Iraq. Our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected by any negative impact on the global economy and capital markets resulting from such conflicts or any other geopolitical tensions.

U.S. and global markets have experienced volatility and disruption following the escalation of geopolitical tensions, including the military conflict between Russia and Ukraine and armed conflicts between Israel and Hamas. In addition, since the commencement of the Israel-Hamas war, there have been continued hostilities along Israel’s northern border with Lebanon (with the Hezbollah terror organization) and on other fronts from various extremist groups in region, such as the Houthis in Yemen and various rebel militia groups in Syria and Iraq. Iran has also launched drone and missile attacks on military and civilian targets within Israel. Although the length and impact of the ongoing conflicts is highly unpredictable, such conflicts could lead to market disruptions, including significant volatility in commodity prices, credit and capital markets, as well as supply chain interruptions. We are continuing to monitor the situations in Ukraine, the Gaza Strip, Syria, Israel, Iraq and globally and assessing their potential impacts on our business. In addition, sanctions on Russia and hostilities involving Israel could adversely affect the global economy and financial markets and lead to instability and lack of liquidity in capital markets, potentially making it more difficult for us to obtain additional funds.

Geopolitical and economic risks have also increased over the past few years as a result of trade tensions between the United States and China and the rise of populism. Growing tensions may lead, among others, to a de-globalization of the world economy, an increase in protectionism or barriers to immigration, a general reduction of international trade in goods and services and a reduction in the integration of financial markets. These developments, as well as potential crises and other forms of political instability, or any other as of yet unforeseen development, may harm our business and the price of our Class A common shares.

Any of the abovementioned factors could affect our business, prospects, financial condition, and operating results. The extent and duration of the military actions, sanctions and resulting market disruptions are impossible to predict, but could be substantial. Any such disruptions may also magnify the impact of other risks described in this annual report.

Any further downgrading of Brazil’s credit rating could reduce the trading price of our Class A common shares.

We may be harmed by investors’ perceptions of risks related to Brazil’s sovereign debt credit rating. Rating agencies regularly evaluate Brazil and its sovereign ratings, which are based on a number of factors including macroeconomic trends, fiscal and budgetary conditions, indebtedness metrics and the perspective of changes in any of these factors. A summary of the historical perspective by three major rating agencies of Brazil’s credit rating is below:

●In 2015, Standard & Poor’s initially downgraded Brazil’s credit rating from BBB-negative to BB-positive and subsequently downgraded it again from BB-positive to BB, maintaining its negative outlook, citing a worse credit situation since the first downgrade. On January 11, 2018, Standard & Poor’s further downgraded Brazil’s credit rating from BB to BB-negative. The BB-negative rating was affirmed on February 7, 2019 with a stable outlook, which reflects the agency’s expectations that the Brazilian government will be able to implement policies to gradually improve the fiscal deficit, as well as a mild economic recovery, given improvements in consumer confidence. In April 2020, Standard & Poor’s revised the credit rating for Brazil to BB-negative with a stable outlook, which was affirmed in December 2020. On November 30, 2021, Standard & Poor’s maintained the BB- rating with a stable outlook, which was confirmed in June 2022. In June 2023, Standard & Poor’s maintained the BB- rating with a positive outlook and in December 2023 S&P Global Ratings raised its foreign and local currency ratings on Brazil to BB rating.

●In December 2015, Moody’s reviewed and downgraded Brazil’s issue and bond ratings from Baa3 to below investment grade, Ba2 with a negative outlook, citing the prospect of a further deterioration in Brazil’s debt indicators, considering the low growth environment and the challenging political scenario. In April 2018, Moody’s affirmed its Ba2 rating, but altered its outlook from “negative” to “stable,” also supported by the projection that the Brazilian government would approve fiscal reforms and that economic growth in Brazil would resume gradually. In May 2020, December 2021, April 2022 and November 2023, Moody’s maintained the Ba2 rating with a stable outlook. In May 2024, Moody’s maintained the Ba2 rating but changed the outlook to positive. In October 2024, Moddy’s ranked Brazil as Ba1 with a positive outlook.

●In 2016, Fitch downgraded Brazil’s sovereign credit rating to BB-positive with a negative outlook, citing the rapid expansion of the country’s budget deficit and the worse-than-expected recession. In February 2018, Fitch downgraded Brazil’s sovereign credit rating again to BB-negative, citing, among other reasons, fiscal deficits, the increasing burden of public debt and an inability to implement reforms that would structurally improve Brazil’s public finances. The BB-negative rating was affirmed in May 2019. In May 2020, Fitch affirmed Brazil’s long-term foreign currency issuer default rating at BB-negative and revised the rating outlook to negative, citing the deterioration of the Brazilian economic and fiscal scenarios and the worsening risks for both dimensions, given the renewed political uncertainty, in addition to the uncertainties about the duration and intensity of the COVID-19 pandemic. In November 2020, Fitch maintained the BB-negative rating with a negative outlook. In July 2022, Fitch reaffirmed the BB- negative rating. In December 2022, Fitch affirmed Brazil as BB- negative rating with stable outlook. In July 2023, Fitch upgraded Brazil´s credit rating to BB with a stable outlook, which was reaffirmed in December 2023 and further confirmed in June 2024.

Brazil’s sovereign credit rating is currently rated below investment grade by Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s and Fitch. Consequently, the prices of securities offered by companies with significant operations in Brazil have been negatively affected. A prolongation or worsening of the current Brazilian recession and continued political uncertainty, among other factors, could lead to further ratings downgrades. Any further downgrade of Brazil’s sovereign credit ratings could heighten investors’ perception of risk and, as a result, cause the trading price of our Class A common shares to decline.

Certain Risks Relating to Our Class A Common Shares

An active trading market for our Class A common shares may not be sustainable. If an active trading market is not maintained, investors may not be able to resell their shares and our ability to raise future capital may be impaired.

Although our Class A common shares are listed and being traded on the Nasdaq, an active trading market for our Class A common shares may not be maintained. Consequently, investors may not be able to sell our Class A common shares at prices equal to or greater than the price paid by such investor. In addition to the risks described above, the market price of our Class A common shares may be influenced by many factors, some of which are beyond our control, including:

In addition, the stock market in general has experienced substantial price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of particular companies affected. These broad market and industry factors may materially harm the market price of our Class A common shares, regardless of our operating performance. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of certain companies’ securities, securities class action litigation has been instituted against these companies. Any such litigation, if instituted against us, could adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations. If a market does not develop or is not maintained, the liquidity and price of our Class A common shares could be materially adversely affected.

The market price of our shares may be volatile or may decline sharply or suddenly, regardless of our operating performance, and we may not be able to meet investors’ or analysts’ expectations. Investors may not be able to resell our Class A common shares they hold at a price equal to or greater than the price paid by such investor and, therefore, may lose all or part of their investment.

The market price of our Class A common shares may fluctuate or decline significantly in response to a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, including, but not limited to: