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Washington, D.C. 20549

☒    ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024

or

☐    TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ___________ to ___________

Commission File Number 001-40321

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

(877) 725-5264

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes  ☒ No ☐ 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes  ☐  No ☒ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ☒     No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes ☒    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.    ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).  Yes ☐    No ☒

The aggregate market value of the common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant, based on the closing price of the shares of common stock on The NASDAQ Stock Market as of the last business day of the most recently completed second fiscal quarter, which was June 28, 2024, was $1.4 billion.

The number of shares of registrant’s common stock outstanding as of February 21, 2025 was 102,232,922

Portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held on May 14, 2025, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the registrant’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K to the extent described therein.

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements that are based on our management's beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to our management. The statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). You can identify these statements by words such as "anticipates," "believes," "can," "commit," "continue," "could," "estimates," "expects," "intends," "may," "plans," "seeks," "should," "will," "strategy," "future," "likely," or "would" or the negative of these terms or similar expressions. These statements are not guarantees of future performance or developments and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that are in some cases beyond our control. All of our forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results to differ materially from our expectations. Factors that may cause such differences include, but are not limited to, the risks described under "Risk Factors" in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and those discussed in other documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC.

Given these risks and uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Also, forward-looking statements represent our management's beliefs and assumptions only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. You should read this Annual Report on Form 10-K completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We hereby qualify our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements publicly, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future.

We founded Alkami to help level the playing field for FIs. Since then, our vision has been to create a platform that combines premium technology and fintech solutions in one integrated ecosystem, delivered as a SaaS solution and providing our clients’ customers with a single point of access to all things digital. We invested significant resources to build a technology stack that prioritized innovation velocity and speed-to-market given the importance of product depth and functionality in winning and retaining clients. In October 2020, we acquired ACH Alert, LLC (“ACH Alert”) to pursue adjacent product opportunities, such as fraud prevention and to expand our addressable market. In addition, in September 2021, we acquired MK Decisioning Systems, LLC (“MK”), a technology platform for digital account opening, credit card and loan origination solutions. In April 2022, we acquired Segmint Inc. (“Segmint”), a leading cloud-based financial data analytics and transaction data cleansing provider.

During 2024, we established a new subsidiary in India to support potential future operational needs. As of December 31, 2024, this entity had immaterial operations and did not have a significant impact on our business operations.

Our domain expertise in retail and business banking has enabled us to develop a suite of products tailored to address key challenges faced by FIs. The key differentiators of the Alkami Digital Banking Platform include:

•User experience: Personalized and seamless digital experience across user interaction points, including desktop, mobile, chat and SMS, establishing durable connections between FIs and their customers.

•Integrations: Scalability and extensibility driven by more than 300 real-time integrations to back office systems and third-party fintech solutions as of December 31, 2024, including core systems, payment cards, mortgages, bill pay, electronic documents, money movement, personal financial management and account opening.

•Deep data capabilities: Data synchronized and stored from back-office systems and third-party fintech solutions and synthesized into meaningful insights, targeted content, and other areas of monetization.

The Alkami Digital Banking Platform offers an end-to-end set of digital banking software products. Our typical relationship with an FI begins with a set of core functional components, which can extend over time to include a rounded suite of products across account opening, marketing, data insights, card experience, money movement, customer service, business banking, financial wellness, security and fraud protection and extensibility. Due to our architecture, adding products through our single code base is fast, simple and cost-effective, and we expect product penetration to continue to increase as we broaden our product suite. As of December 31, 2024, our client base, on average, used 14 of our 34 offered products. Our 2024 new client cohort has contracted, on average, for 20 of our offered products.

Our target clients include the top 2,500 FIs by assets excluding those with assets greater than $450 billion (“megabanks”). We had 272, 236 and 199 FIs as Alkami Digital Banking Platform clients as of December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

We primarily go to market through an internal sales force. Given the long-term nature of our contracts for the Alkami Digital Banking Platform, a typical sales cycle can range from approximately three to 12 months, with the subsequent implementation timeframe generally ranging from six to 12 months depending on the depth of integration.

We derive our revenues almost entirely from multi-year contracts for the Alkami Digital Banking Platform that have had an average contract life of approximately 70 months as of December 31, 2024. We predominantly employ a per-registered-user pricing model, with incremental fees above certain contractual client minimum commitments for each licensed solution. Our pricing is tiered, with per-registered-user discounts applied as clients achieve higher levels of customer penetration, incentivizing our clients to internally market and promote digital engagement. Our ability to grow revenues through deeper client customer penetration and cross-sell allowed us to increase annual recurring revenue from existing digital banking clients as of December 31, 2023 to 113% as of December 31, 2024

To support our growth and capitalize on our market opportunity, we have increased our operating expenses across all aspects of our business. In research and development, we continue to focus on innovation and bringing novel capabilities to our platform, extending our product depth. Similarly, we continue to expand our sales and marketing organization focusing on new client wins, cross-selling opportunities and client renewals.

We had 20.0 million, 17.5 million, and 14.5 million live registered users as of December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively, representing a growth rate for one of our key revenue drivers of 14.2% from 2023 to 2024 and 20.4% from 2022 to 2023. Our total revenues were $333.8 million, $264.8 million, and $204.3 million for 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively, representing growth rates of 26.1% from 2023 to 2024 and 29.6% from 2022 to 2023. SaaS subscription services, as further described below, represented 95.6%, 95.3%, and 95.2% of total revenues for 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. We incurred net losses of $40.8 million, $62.9 million, and $58.6 million for 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively, largely due to significant continued investment in sales, marketing, product development and post-sales client activities. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for more information.

The United States banking industry is massive, with almost $26 trillion in assets on the balance sheets of nearly 9,500 FIs as of December 31, 2022, according to call report data published by the Federal Financial Institutions Examinations Council (“FFIEC”) and the National Credit Union Administration (“NCUA”). These FIs range from megabanks, which collectively held approximately $12 trillion in assets, to significantly smaller local community banks and affinity credit unions. The United States banking industry generated over $1 trillion in gross income in 2022, according to FFIEC and NCUA call reports, highlighting a significant market opportunity that drives intense competition and a magnitude of economic importance, which requires considerable regulation, both locally and nationally.

Our addressable market consists of FIs with assets of $100 million to $450 billion representing over 250 million registered users. Within this market, we target the top 2,500 FIs by assets excluding megabanks. We believe based on third-party estimates that this segment of the market represents an opportunity of more than 200 million registered users and offers the greatest potential lifetime value, considering the cost and resources to acquire and service the relationship

However, banking is not a static industry, and over the last several decades, technology has emerged as a differentiating factor among FIs, driving market share gains, operational efficiencies and improved regulatory compliance. While technology is involved in almost every function a bank performs, we typically see FIs’ technology spend increase in response to, or in preparation for, the following trends:

•Heightened user expectations: The digitization of everything from taxis, to food delivery, to commerce has conditioned consumers and businesses to maintain heightened user experience expectations that extend to financial services, particularly when it relates to everyday financial services, such as banking services. Previously inconceivable, account opening, loan origination (and disbursement) and money transfers can now be executed within a matter of minutes, elevating digital user experience beyond branch location as the premier point of differentiation for our clients’ customers’ service and satisfaction.

•Increasingly digital competitive landscape: The competitive landscape within banking in the United States and globally is shifting. On one hand, the megabanks continue to invest substantially in absolute terms to provide technology services to U.S. banking customers. On the other hand, a fragmented and emerging group of technology platforms and challenger banks are redefining what it means to be a bank, embedding basic banking services, such as checking accounts, within elegant user experiences and attracting tens of millions of registered users, all without a single physical branch. Each market trend is accelerating with the disappearance of geographical boundaries. As banking digitizes, the importance of a physical footprint and local presence is reduced, introducing regional and national competition to even the most insulated local markets.

•Regulatory environment: Banking regulation is continuously evolving and it is the responsibility of FIs to create an internal control environment capable of ensuring compliance with a framework of local, national and international rules. Emerging technologies are increasingly built to perform routinized tasks associated with this function, freeing up resources to be reinvested in growth.

The heightened focus on technology and security in addressing the evolution of the banking industry has driven massive spend. While technology spend in banking is distributed across functions, we believe the following technology trends to be most impactful to the industry:

•Shift to mobile: Mobile is quickly redefining both retail and business banking. Today, a consumer or business can open a bank account almost instantly and take out a loan or transfer money from a mobile device. These rapid advances are contributing to a substantial decline in bank physical branch traffic and a shift to digital banking platforms like Alkami’s as an FI’s primary channel of customer interaction.

•Shift to the cloud: Today, many of the pillars serving as key differentiators across industries, including banking, stem from the benefits of cloud hosting and computing. Cloud-based, multi-tenant infrastructures that are securely delivered enable technology providers to broadly distribute capabilities historically reserved only for the best resourced. Premier technology architectures can also leverage data that can be collected into a warehouse and quickly synthesized for consumption by clients in the service of their customers. Finally, single-, low- and no-code architectures allow near same-day adaptability to evolving consumer needs or economic challenges.

•Proliferation of powerful, best-of-breed technology solutions: Advances and investment in financial technology have led to a disaggregated network of point solutions designed to improve upon discrete tasks historically executed through a single vendor, enabling FIs to select the products that best fit their objectives, scale and budget. This proliferation of powerful technology solutions has served to reduce barriers to entry for providers of point solutions, encouraging innovation and underscoring the value of integration layers.

•Increasing complexity of banking information technology architectures: Due to the proliferation of financial-related products and technology solutions, the information technology taxonomy of FIs is becoming increasingly complex. Integration challenges of the past required connections to a small number of back office systems and point solutions. Today, connections are required to dozens of third parties and many core and back office systems. This complexity is magnified with many of the point solutions and core systems operating as single tenant models. Integrating user experiences across desktop, mobile and SMS platforms with proliferating point solutions and a myriad of core and back office systems is overly burdensome to most FIs. Consequently, the industry highly values platforms that mitigate much of this complexity with modern architectures that enable real-time integrations to all constituents of the digital banking ecosystem.

•Focus on security: The increasingly interconnected and digital nature of finance renders FIs particularly vulnerable to cybersecurity attacks given the attractive nature of FIs as protectors of both capital and personal information. The modern bank robber is armed with no more than a computer and can attack from anywhere in the world, and consequently, FIs are constantly under threat. For this reason, FIs are making substantial technology investments in cybersecurity and security more broadly.

FIs take varying approaches to technological evolution, partially driven by philosophy, but predominantly driven by resources that are available to them. The largest FIs have the financial flexibility to make significant investments; the four largest banks in the United States, based on asset size, spent more than $45 billion in aggregate on technology in 2024, according to their public disclosures, reflecting their commitment to protect and extend leadership through technology.

The vast majority of remaining FIs do not have the financial resources to match the technology advantage of megabanks. However, these FIs also have no choice but to keep up with the general pace of innovation, given the alternative of losing market share to these large competitors, reinforcing the critical nature of third-party digital platforms in helping them overcome the limitations of finite discretionary budgets and resources. This is the essence of our value proposition and market opportunity.

The Alkami Digital Banking Platform is a multi-tenant, single code base, continuous delivery platform powered by a true cloud infrastructure. Our platform integrates with core system providers and other third-party fintech providers, and acts as the primary interaction point among consumers, businesses and FIs. The primary benefit of this model is to reduce the inefficiencies of traditional point-to-point integration strategies, instead offering a single point of integration allowing our clients’ customers to navigate seamlessly across channels. We believe this is critical to FIs as their models shift from physical to digital, enabling the creation of a digital community in the image of their broader brands and aligned with their strategic objectives.

The Alkami Digital Banking Platform maintains more than 300 integrations as of December 31, 2024. Our third-party partnerships and integrations are a crucial element of the Alkami Digital Banking Platform, enabling FIs to choose from, and connect with, a broad array of third-party service providers essential to the curation of a customized digital experience. This depth of product configurability and optionality is made possible by the software adapters we have built to standardize access to solutions offered by third-party vendors.

We have grown rapidly since 2009 by understanding our clients’ objectives and pain points, including adding more than 5 million live registered users from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024. We have designed our solutions to improve our clients’ ability to achieve their core objectives, including new client growth, customer engagement, increasing and holding deposits, making loans, facilitating money movement and lowering overall operating costs. Importantly, we make our clients more competitive against the megabanks, challenger banks and other technology-enabled competitors.

The technology that powers our platform is foundational to our success and ability to deliver a distinct value proposition to our clients, characterized by the following:

•Premier user experience: The Alkami Digital Banking Platform enables our clients to leverage technology to deliver a premier user experience. The experience we build, and that our clients deliver, is validated by our clients’ market-leading app ratings, which are, on average, higher than each of our main competitors and reflect the level of customer satisfaction associated with leading technology brands.

•Versatile platform: Our product breadth, depth of integrations, partner network and configurability enable our clients to more precisely match our products to suit the objectives of their digital offering. For our clients, this allows a degree of flexibility that is critical to their pursuit of differentiation without the technical burden and higher cost of custom software. For our business, this approach is tremendously scalable, enabling us to serve larger and smaller institutions alike from a single platform, with a full product suite across both retail and business banking operations.

•Velocity of innovation: Our ability to win and retain clients is a function of consistently striving to offer a platform with products and configurations that exceeds those of our competition. Our multi-tenant architecture, combined with continuous delivery, allows us to implement new and existing features in lockstep with our clients’ evolving needs. Our technological infrastructure provides a speed-to-market advantage, which often allows us to remain a step ahead of competitors who operate single-tenant or other legacy architecture.

•Fraud mitigation: Our clients seek to achieve a balance between convenience and safety that is required in a digital banking solution. Biometric and multi-factor authentication, combined with machine learning wrapped in a leading user experience, creates a more secure user experience. Platform security capabilities, such as card management and true real-time alerts, further help to mitigate fraud and develop a relationship of trust between our clients and their customers.

The Alkami Digital Banking Platform delivers tangible results to clients, including increased registered user growth, increased product usage, operational efficiencies and customer retention.

We intend to continue to invest to grow our business and expand our addressable market by applying the following strategies:

•Deepen existing client relationships: We expect to continue to deepen our existing client relationships, increasing both the number of registered users and the number of products per client:

◦Cross-sell: We continue to broaden our product set to address the needs of our client base. We offered nine products in 2015, and as of December 31, 2024, 34 products were available through the Alkami Digital Banking Platform. During 2024, our clients purchased an average of 14 products from us. We expect cross-sell to continue to contribute meaningfully to our growth.

◦Customer penetration: While we recently achieved more than 20.0 million live registered digital banking users (“registered users”), we estimate this only represents 72% of our clients’ total customers as of December 31, 2024. We believe we have a substantial opportunity to grow our registered user base within our existing clients, as we continue to enhance our value proposition and more consumers adopt digital banking solutions.

•Win new clients: We believe the market remains underserved by legacy solutions, which will allow us to continue to gain market share. We are increasingly winning FIs with more sophisticated needs as we grow our market presence and product capabilities. As compared to the 2023 new client cohort, our 2024 new client cohort, on average, utilizes more products, resulting in a higher annual recurring revenue per new client and higher revenue per user per new client.

    

•Broaden and enhance product suite: We intend to invest to continue to enhance our product suite. In 2024 and 2023, we spent 28.8% and 32.0%, respectively, of revenues on research and development, underlining our commitment to ongoing innovation. This includes maintaining awareness of the evolving needs of our clients and designing products accordingly, both on a proprietary basis and in collaboration with our platform partner network.

•Select acquisitions: We intend to selectively pursue acquisitions and other strategic transactions that accelerate our strategic objectives. Our acquisition of ACH Alert brought an additional fraud prevention tool to our product suite. Segmint operates a marketing analytics and messaging delivery platform with patented software that enables FIs and merchants to understand and leverage data, interact with customers, and measure results. Powered by data scientists and artificial intelligence, Segmint’s innovative product line offers a variety of ways to optimally use customer data to deepen relationships and grow the customer’s business.

The Alkami Digital Banking Platform provides FIs with a complete digital banking solution designed to facilitate and meet the needs of both retail and business users. We deliver our platform through a purpose-built, true cloud SaaS solution, enabling our clients to avoid costly and disruptive system-wide maintenance windows as well as testing projects during upgrades, which is typical of single-tenant platform solutions that are currently prevalent in large parts of the industry.

Our clients choose the Alkami Digital Banking Platform to:

•Onboard new registered users efficiently.

•Engage registered users with self-service functions, proactive alerting and financial insights.

•Grow revenues and registered users through new product and service offerings.

•Guard registered user data and interactions to mitigate fraud.

We deliver this value proposition through the following 10 product categories, encompassing 34 products and more than 300 integrations as of December 31, 2024:

•Digital Account Opening: Allows our clients’ customers to open new deposit accounts, including checking, savings, CD and Money Market accounts. This offering enhances many of our clients’ digital platforms and gives them the opportunity to digitize and replace many of the processes that formerly required a physical branch visit.

•Marketing: Enables clients to deliver tailored, relevant and timely content via targeted marketing campaigns and educational outreaches to their customers. Our acquisition of Segmint added unique data models and customer segmentation tools (Key Lifestyle Indicators or “KLIs”) to our platform's capabilities, enabling our clients to creatively segment and refine their marketing campaigns.

•Data Insights: Enables clients to build internal analytical tools. Our acquisition of Segmint added unique data models and customer segmentation tools (primarily KLIs) to our platform's capabilities, enabling our clients to better understand, model, and predict their customers' preferences, lifestyle, and financial needs.

•Card Experience: Includes features that allow for cardholder alerts and control preferences, card account maintenance features for self-service, and digital card capabilities.

•Money Movement: Includes fully integrated money movement tools to increase deposits, facilitate payments and transfers, and drive consistent user engagement. The Alkami Digital Banking Platform seamlessly integrates third-party services into a consistent digital banking experience that is portable across multiple user interfaces.

•Customer Service: Includes a suite of products digitizing and streamlining communications around largely administrative functions. Products range from basic SMS and push notification capabilities to digital authentication and chat and conversational tools, both digitally as well as by human interaction.

•Business Banking: Through real-time insight into cash position and our data capabilities, we equip clients to compete for businesses of all sizes—all while simplifying the back office with a single platform with an industry-leading user experience. Our business banking solution includes comprehensive payment and receivable solutions, sub-user permissions management, automated billing, payment fraud prevention, and actionable reporting all built into a secure and scalable platform.

•Financial Wellness: Aggregates and synthesizes information that client customers need in order to make informed financial decisions. This includes basic account aggregation, credit score monitoring, transaction data enrichment, home value tracking, savings goals, and access to third-party financial management products. Users are able to make healthier financial decisions, while our FIs gain valuable insights, enabling them to drive targeted marketing and product origination.

•Security & Fraud Protection: Includes risk-based multi-factor authentication and suspicious transaction monitoring as well as multi-channel payment fraud prevention and information reporting tools. Our acquisition of ACH Alert enhanced our platform’s capabilities in this product category.

•Extensibility: Enables clients to embrace and extend the Alkami Digital Banking Platform using our software development kit (“SDK”) and application program interfaces (“APIs”). This includes the ability to integrate with internal systems and the broader fintech ecosystem, modify and customize workflows, and elevate the look and feel of the Alkami Digital Banking Platform.

Our platform is true cloud and entirely hosted and delivered on Amazon Web Services (“AWS”). The benefits of this infrastructure include resiliency, reliability and increased security; we achieved an average of 99.9% uptime in the year ended December 31, 2024. True cloud infrastructure is also remarkably scalable, allowing us to pursue our growth objectives without technological limitation.

Our technology is predominantly differentiated by the speed-to-market with which we can deliver innovation on the back of a true cloud infrastructure with the combination of the following architectural pillars:

•Multi-Tenant Architecture: We built our platform from the ground up as multi-tenant. This enables our clients to share in economies of scale enjoyed by large FIs, optimizing for speed, efficiency, reliability and increased security. Importantly, this model also enables us to avoid a growth tax, or additional resource burdens arising from high growth upon a single-tenant platform. New clients can be efficiently on-boarded, new client customers can be seamlessly added and product upgrades and updates can be delivered quickly.

•Single Code Base: Our single code base is built upon a microservices architecture that leverages our multi-tenant model, compounding the efficiency of our infrastructure and software development lifecycle, regardless of the size, structure or complexity of the client. By maintaining a single code base, we are able to quickly and continuously deploy new code to our entire client base, supporting many platform releases per year. With a microservices architecture, we can support zero-downtime deployments, reduced testing complexity, automation and extensibility.

•Continuous Delivery Model: The combination of a multi-tenant architecture and single code base is made more powerful when combined with continuous software delivery, enabling us to update our entire client base at frequent intervals. This speed and execution enables our clients to confidently grow and compete with many of the most technologically advanced FIs in the world.

We synchronize, typically in real-time, the systems and modules into which we integrate while also accumulating a data warehouse that can be synthesized into actionable insights and business intelligence. FIs need access to accurate and complete data. These timely insights extend across administration, marketing and strategy, informing decision-making for FIs and increasing user stickiness. For instance, our clients can identify users with a credit card or loan from another FI and market targeted, competing products to these users. This granular level of insight allows Alkami clients to digitally and systematically drive growth through smarter marketing and forecasting.

The vast majority of our technology is invisible to our clients’ customers; however, our premier user experience delivered in partnership with our clients is highly visible. This includes an ease of use and seamlessness that begins with on-boarding, and extends through general usage, such as balance inquiries, moving money, monitoring credit, managing cards and executing transactions such as deposits, loans and payments. Across our clients’ customer base, the average registered user logged onto the digital application three times per week, in 2024, providing our clients more opportunities to engage with their customers than a physical branch-based relationship, further highlighting the motivation for our clients to promote client customer digital adoption.

Our security infrastructure combines security and services from AWS with our own security protocols and integrations. This includes network traffic inspection, endpoint detection and response and automated patching and encryption of data, both at rest and in transit. In a world where our clients receive hundreds of millions of access requests per month from unverified sources, our security infrastructure is a key element of our value proposition, particularly against new entrants.

While our products and solutions are highly configurable, in certain instances our clients will request custom development and other professional services that we provide. These are generally one-time in nature and involve unique, non-standard features, functions or integrations that are not as broadly desired across our client base.

As of December 31, 2024, we served 272 FIs through the Alkami Digital Banking Platform and over 750 clients when including unique clients only subscribing to one or a combination of ACH Alert, MK or Segmint products. Our clients include community, regional and super-regional credit unions and banks across both retail and business banking. While our original product suite was retail focused, as we enhanced our product suite to include greater depth of functionality for business banking in particular, we significantly expanded our addressable market as FIs increasingly seek a single digital banking platform for all their retail and business banking needs.

Our target client base includes the top 2,500 FIs by assets, with the exception of the megabanks. We focus on this subsection of the broader market because we view this base as offering the greatest potential lifetime value, considering the cost and resources to acquire and service the relationship. Unlike the long tail of very small institutions, this target client base is also far more likely to grow organically and through acquisition.

Our typical FI relationship begins with a subset of the Alkami Digital Banking Platform as part of a SaaS subscription contract, with an average contract life for those contracts of approximately 70 months as of December 31, 2024. Over the course of a client relationship, we seek to expand the number of products our clients embed within their digital experience as well as the digital penetration of the clients’ customer base.

No single client represented more than 5% of our total revenues in the year ended December 31, 2024.

Our sales team includes representatives focused on new platform sales, a cross-sell team and client success managers. This team is responsible for outbound lead generation, driving new business and helping to manage account relationships and renewals, further driving adoption of our solution within and across lines of business. These teams maintain close relationships with existing clients and act as advisors to each FI to help identify and understand their unique needs, challenges, goals and opportunities.

We utilize a dedicated sales team in order to drive additional adoption of products within existing clients. In addition to identifying opportunities to extend our relationship with clients within the current product suite, this cross-sell team is also responsible for identifying and addressing pain points with our existing solution and sourcing new ideas for additional product capabilities, whether developed internally or through partnership. Cross-sell contributed 45% of total contract value (“TCV”) in 2024, highlighting our significant continued opportunity to grow within our existing client base.

Our client success team is responsible for nurturing relationships holistically throughout the duration of the contract, ensuring that we understand their needs in real time and that our clients are deriving maximum value from the Alkami Digital Banking Platform. Importantly, this team supports retention and deepens the relationship with the client, providing us with the best opportunity to renew clients upon contract expiration, often coupled with an extension of the relationship to additional products.

Our marketing team oversees all aspects of the Alkami brand, including public relations, digital marketing, social media, product marketing, graphic design, conferences and events. Our marketing efforts are focused on promoting direct sales, inbound lead generation and brand building. We leverage online and offline marketing channels through digital marketing, account-based marketing, social media, and events, among other tactics.

We rely on a combination of patent, trademark, trade secrets and copyright laws, as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual restrictions, to establish, maintain and protect our proprietary rights. Despite substantial investment in research and development activities, we have not focused on patents and patent applications historically. In addition to the intellectual property that we own, we license certain third-party technologies and intellectual property, which are integrated into some of our solutions.

The efforts we have taken to protect our intellectual property rights may not be sufficient or effective. It may be possible for other parties to copy or otherwise obtain and use the content of our solutions or other technology without authorization. Failure to protect our intellectual property or proprietary rights adequately could significantly harm our competitive position and business, financial condition and results of operations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Intellectual Property, Software and Third-Party Licenses—Our intellectual property rights are valuable, and any inability to protect them could reduce the value of our products, services and brand.”

In addition, third parties may initiate litigation against us alleging infringement, misappropriation or other violation of their proprietary rights or declaring their non-infringement of our intellectual property rights. Companies in the internet and technology industries, and other patent and trademark holders seeking to profit from royalties in connection with grants of licenses, own large numbers of patents, copyrights, trademarks and trade secrets and frequently enter into litigation based on allegations of infringement or other violations of intellectual property rights. We have received in the past, and may in the future, receive notices that claim we have misappropriated or misused other parties’ intellectual property rights. There may be intellectual property rights held by others, including issued or pending patents and trademarks that cover significant aspects of our solutions. Any intellectual property claim against us, regardless of merit, could be time-consuming and expensive to settle or litigate and could divert our management’s attention and other resources. These claims could also subject us to significant liability for damages and could result in our having to stop using solutions found to be in violation of another party’s rights. We might be required or may opt to seek a license for rights to intellectual property held by others, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. Even if a license is available, we could be required to pay significant royalties, which would increase our operating expenses. We may also be required to develop alternative non-infringing solutions, which could require significant effort and expense and which we may not be able to perform efficiently or at all. If we cannot license the intellectual property at issue or develop non-infringing solutions for any allegedly infringing aspect of our business, we may be unable to compete effectively. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Intellectual Property, Software and Third-Party Licenses—Claims by others that we infringe upon, misappropriate or otherwise violate their intellectual property or other proprietary technology rights could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.”

The market for digital solutions for financial services providers is highly competitive. We compete with new and established point solution vendors and core processing vendors, as well as internally developed solutions. We believe that the comprehensive integration among our solution offerings and our clients’ internal and third-party systems, combined with our deep industry expertise, including our domain expertise in retail and business banking, reputation for consistent, high-quality client support, pace at which we bring innovation to market, and unified cloud-based digital banking and SaaS solutions distinguish us from the competition.

With respect to our digital banking platform, we compete against a number of companies, including Candescent, Q2 Holdings, Inc. and Temenos AG in the online, consumer and small business banking space. We also compete with core processing vendors that also provide digital banking solutions such as Fiserv, Inc., Jack Henry and Associates, Inc. and Fidelity National Information Services, Inc.

Many of our competitors have significantly more financial, technical, marketing and other resources than we have, may devote greater resources to the promotion, sale and support of their systems than we can, have more extensive client bases and broader client relationships than we have and have longer operating histories and greater name recognition than we have. In addition, many of our competitors spend more funds on research and development.

Although we compete with digital banking vendors and core processing vendors, we also partner with some of these vendors for certain data and services utilized in our solutions and receive referrals from them. In addition, certain of our clients have or can obtain the ability to create their own in-house systems, and while many of these systems have difficulties scaling and providing an integrated platform, we still face challenges displacing in-house systems and retaining clients that choose to develop an in-house system.

We believe the principal competitive factors for our solutions in the financial services markets we serve include the following:

•alignment with the missions of our clients;

•ability to provide a single platform for our clients’ consumer and commercial customers;

•full-feature functionality across digital channels;

•ability to integrate targeted offers for client customers across digital channels;

•ability to support FIs in acquiring deposits with open API technologies;

•SaaS delivery and pricing model;

•ability to support both internal and external developers to quickly integrate with third-party applications and systems utilizing a SDK;

•design of the client customer experience, including modern, intuitive and touch-centric features;

•configurability and branding capabilities for clients;

•familiarity of workflows and terminology and feature-on-demand functionality;

•integrated multi-layered security and compliance of solutions with regulatory requirements;

•quality of implementation, integration and support services;

•domain expertise and innovation in financial services technology;

•price of solutions;

•ability to innovate and respond to client needs rapidly; and

•rate of development, deployment and enhancement of solutions.

We believe that we compete favorably with respect to these factors within the markets we serve, but we expect competition to continue and increase as existing competitors continue to evolve their offerings and as new companies enter our market. To remain competitive, we believe we must continue to invest in research and development, sales and marketing, client support and our business operations generally.

As of December 31, 2024, we had 938 employees. We consider our current relationship with our employees to be good. None of our employees are represented by a labor union or are a party to a collective bargaining agreement.

Since our inception, our culture has been distinguished by how we think, act and interact, and is foundational to fulfilling our mission and vision. Our culture is expressed by our Values: The Customer is our North Star, We Win Together, How You Show Up Matters, Seek the Answer and Finish Strong.

We regularly conduct employee surveys to better understand the level of employee engagement and the effectiveness of our programs and initiatives. We believe the review of this feedback has served to help us promote and improve our culture across our organization and has led us to create, implement or enhance a host of programs and initiatives:

•embracing remote work and enabling our employees to do their best work from anywhere in the United States, allowing them to balance their work obligations with their personal lives;

•learning and development programs that are designed to invest in the professional growth and continuous learning of employees and to cultivate leadership talent;

•performance feedback and talent review programs designed to assess and identify areas for continued learning and training opportunities for employees and a succession bench for critical roles;

•wellness, benefits and flexible time-off programs designed to assist employees and their families with maintaining physical and emotional wellbeing, while balancing the demands of being part of a high-growth company;

•cohort programs that seek to identify and attract a broad pool of talent and offer opportunities for professional learning and potential future employment opportunities with Alkami;

•employee committees focused on embracing our culture, inclusion, and belonging; and

•charitable causes to help create opportunities for employees to join together to make a difference in the workplace and local communities.

We have received third-party recognition for our employee engagement. In 2024, for instance, we were recognized as a "Best Place to Work in Financial Technology," a "Best and Brightest Companies to Work For in Dallas," as well as a "Best Company for Career Growth," a "Best Engineering Team,” and a "Best Product and Design Team" from Comparably.

We are a technology service provider to FIs in the United States that are subject to regulation, supervision and examination by a number of regulatory agencies, including the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (the “OCC”), the NCUA, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”), the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) and other federal or state agencies that regulate or supervise FIs in the United States.

We may be subject to periodic examination by banking regulators under federal, state and other laws that apply to us as a result of the services we provide to FIs and other entities they regulate. In particular, under the Bank Service Company Act, the OCC, the Federal Reserve and the FDIC have, as part of their safety and soundness mandate, statutory authority to supervise third-party service providers, like us, that enter into outsourcing agreements with FIs under their respective jurisdictions. In addition, while we are not currently under examination by the FFIEC, a formal interagency body empowered to prescribe uniform principles, standards and report forms for the examination of FIs, to make recommendations to promote uniformity in the supervision of FIs and to directly administer, coordinate, oversee and implement a supervisory program, known as the Multi-Regional Data Processing Services program, for the supervision and examination of the largest, systemically important third-party service providers to FIs, it is possible that we may become subject to FFIEC examination at some point in the future. FFIEC examinations of service providers to FIs may occur on a rotating basis and cover a wide variety of subjects, including management, acquisition and development activities, support and delivery, cybersecurity, information technology (“IT”) audits and our disaster preparedness and business recovery planning. The federal banking regulators that make up the FFIEC have broad supervisory authority to remedy any shortcomings identified in an examination and, following any examination of us by the FFIEC, our FI clients may request an executive summary of the examination through their lead examination agency.

We are also currently registered as a credit union service organization (“CUSO”), although our status as a CUSO may be subject to change in the future. As a CUSO, while we are not regulated by the NCUA, we are subject to disclosure, annual reporting and other requirements imposed by the NCUA.

In addition, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) granted the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the “CFPB”) authority to promulgate rules and interpret certain federal consumer financial protection laws, some of which apply to the solutions we offer to our clients. In certain circumstances, the CFPB also has examination and supervision powers with respect to service providers who provide a material service to an FI offering consumer financial products and services.

Our clients and prospects are subject to extensive and complex regulations and oversight by federal, state and other regulatory authorities. These laws and regulations are constantly evolving, increasing in number and affect the conduct of our clients’ operations and, as a result, our business. Our solutions must enable our clients to comply with applicable legal and regulatory requirements, including, without limitation, those under the following laws and regulations:

•the Dodd-Frank Act;

•the Electronic Funds Transfer Act and Regulation E;

•the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act;

•usury laws;

•the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (“GLBA”);

•the Fair Credit Reporting Act;

•laws and regulations against unfair, deceptive or abusive acts or practices;

•the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (“CCPA”) and other federal, state and international data privacy, security and protection laws and regulations;

•the Privacy of Consumer Financial Information regulations;

•the Bank Secrecy Act and the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001;

•the FFIEC IT Handbook and related booklets, statements and guidance, including the Guidance on Supervision of Technology Services Providers and the Guidance on Outsourcing Technology Services promulgated by the FFIEC;

•the OCC’s “Third-Party Relationships: Risk Management Guidance”;

•the NCUA’s Guidelines for Safekeeping of Member Information;

•the Federal Credit Union Act; and

•other federal, state and international laws and regulations.

The compliance of our solutions with these requirements depends on a variety of factors, including the functionality and design of our solutions, the classification of our clients, and the manner in which our clients and their customers utilize our solutions. In order to comply with our obligations under these laws, we are required to implement operating policies and procedures to protect the privacy and security of our clients’ and their customers’ information and to undergo periodic audits and examinations.

In the ordinary course of our business, we and our clients using our solutions access, collect, store, use transmit and otherwise process certain types of data, including personal information (“PI”), which subjects us and our clients to certain privacy and information security laws in the United States and internationally, including, for example, the GLBA, CCPA and other state privacy regulations, and other laws, rules and regulations designed to regulate consumer information and data privacy, security and protection, and mitigate identity theft.

These laws impose obligations with respect to the collection, processing, storage, disposal, use, transfer, retention and disclosure of PI, and require that financial services providers have in place policies regarding information privacy and security. In addition, under certain of these laws, we must provide notice to consumers of our policies and practices for sharing PI with third parties, provide advance notice of any changes to our policies and, with limited exceptions, give consumers the right to prevent use of their PI and disclosure of it to third parties. Further, all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia have adopted data breach notification laws that impose, in varying degrees, an obligation to notify affected individuals in the event of a data or security breach or compromise, including when their PI has or may have been accessed by an unauthorized person. These laws, as well as new regulations promulgated by the SEC, may also require us to notify relevant law enforcement, regulators, or consumer reporting agencies and/or investors in the event of certain types of cyberattacks or data breaches. Some laws may also impose physical and electronic security requirements regarding the safeguarding of PI. To assist our efforts to comply with the privacy and information security laws, we have confidentiality and information security standards and procedures in place for our business activities and our third-party vendors and service providers. Privacy and information security laws evolve regularly, and complying with these various laws, rules, regulations and standards, and with any new laws or regulations or changes to existing laws, could cause us to incur substantial costs that are likely to increase over time, requiring us to adjust our compliance program on an ongoing basis and presenting compliance challenges, change our business practices in a manner adverse to our business, divert resources from other initiatives and projects, and restrict the way products and services involving data are offered. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Cybersecurity or Data Privacy—Privacy and data security concerns, data collection and transfer restrictions, contractual obligations and U.S. and foreign laws, regulations and industry standards related to data privacy, security and protection could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.”

Our website address is www.alkami.com. We make available, free of charge through our website, our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to these reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after filing with, or furnishing to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Information contained in our website does not constitute a part of this report or our other filings with the SEC. In addition, the SEC maintains an Internet site (http://www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.

Our business, prospects, financial condition, operating results and the trading price of our common stock could be materially adversely affected by a variety of risks and uncertainties, including those described below, as well as other risks not currently known to us or that are currently considered immaterial. In assessing these risks, you should also refer to the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including our consolidated financial statements and related notes. Our principal risks include risks associated with:

•managing our rapid growth;

•attracting new clients and retaining and broadening our existing clients’ use of our solutions;

•maintaining, protecting and enhancing our brand;

•predicting the long-term rate of client subscription renewals or adoption of our solutions;

•the unpredictable and time-consuming nature of our sales cycles;

•integration with and reliance on third-party software, content and services;

•integrating our solutions with other systems used by our clients;

•satisfying our clients and meeting their digital banking needs;

•our dependence on the data centers operated by third parties and third-party internet hosting providers;

•defects, errors or other performance problems associated with our solutions;

•retaining our management team and key employees and recruiting and retaining new employees;

•managing the increased complexity of our clients’ integration and functionality requirements;

•shifts in the number of account holders and registered users of our solutions, their use of our solutions and our clients’ implementation and client support needs;

•acquiring or investing in other companies or pursuing business partnerships;

•natural or man-made disasters;

•use and reliance upon technology and development resources in India;

•environmental and social matters;

•cybersecurity breaches or other compromises of our security measures or those of third parties upon which we rely;

•privacy and data security concerns, laws, regulations and standards and our processing and use of the PI of end users;

•intense competition in the markets we serve;

•reliance on the financial services industry as the source of our revenue in the event of any downturn, consolidation or decrease in technological spend in such industry;

•evolving technological requirements and changes and additions to our solution offerings;

•reliance on the development of the market for digital banking solutions;

•regulations and laws applicable to us, our clients and our solutions;

•protecting our intellectual property rights and defending ourselves against claims that we are misappropriating the intellectual property rights of others;

•using open-source software in our solutions or risks resulting in the disclosure of our proprietary source code to our clients;

•complying with license or technology agreements with third parties and our ability to enter into additional license or technology agreements on reasonable terms;

•litigation or threats of litigation;

•the fluctuation of our quarterly and annual results of operations relative to our expectations and guidance;

•the way we recognize revenue, which has the effect of delaying changes in the subscriptions for our solutions from being reflected in our operating results;

•our limited operating history, our history of operating losses and our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards;

•our ability to raise sufficient capital and the resulting dilution and the terms of our Amended Credit Agreement (as defined below);

•unanticipated changes in tax laws or regulations;

•loss of emerging growth company status;

•future strategic initiatives, including acquisitions of businesses and strategic investments;

•future sales of shares of our common stock, our lack of an intention to pay dividends and significant influence of our principal stockholders; and

•anti-takeover and exclusive forum provisions in our governing documents.

We have experienced rapid growth in our headcount and operations and expect to continue to experience rapid growth in the future. This growth has placed, and may continue to place, significant demands on our management and our operational and financial infrastructure. Our ability to manage our growth effectively will require us to continue to expand our operational and financial infrastructure and to continue to retain, attract, train, motivate and manage our employees. Continued growth could strain our ability to develop and improve our operational, financial and management controls, enhance our reporting systems and procedures, recruit, train and retain highly skilled personnel and maintain client and brand satisfaction.

As we expand our business, we may find it difficult to maintain our corporate culture while managing our employee growth. Additionally, our productivity and the quality of our offerings may be adversely affected if we do not integrate and train our new employees quickly and effectively. Failure to manage any future growth effectively could result in increased costs, negatively affect our clients’ satisfaction with our offerings and harm our results of operations. If we fail to achieve the necessary level of efficiency in our organization as we grow, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed.

Additionally, if we do not effectively manage the growth and required maturation of our business and operations, the quality of our solutions could suffer, which would negatively affect our brand, operating results and overall business. We may not be able to sustain the diversity and pace of improvements to our offerings successfully or implement systems, processes and controls in an efficient or timely manner or in a manner that does not negatively affect our results of operations. Our failure to improve our systems, processes and controls, or their failure to operate in the intended manner, may result in our inability to manage the growth of our business and to forecast our revenues and expenses accurately.

To increase our revenues, we will need to continue to attract new clients and succeed in having our current clients expand the use of our solutions across their institutions. In addition, for us to maintain or improve our results of operations, it is important that our clients renew their subscriptions with us on similar or more favorable terms to us when their existing subscription term expires. Our revenue growth rates may decline or fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including client spending levels, client dissatisfaction with our solutions, decreases in the number of client customers, changes in the type and size of our clients, pricing changes, competitive conditions, the loss of our clients to other competitors and general economic conditions. We cannot assure you that our current clients will renew or expand their use of our solutions. If we are unable to attract new clients or retain or attract new business from current clients, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. The growth of our business also depends on our ability to develop and maintain resale agreements with favorable terms for third-party solutions through our digital banking platform agreements. If we are unable to develop and maintain such resale agreements, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

We believe that a strong brand is necessary to continue to attract and retain clients. We need to maintain, protect and enhance our brand in order to expand our base of clients. This will depend largely on the effectiveness of our marketing efforts, our ability to provide reliable services that continue to meet the needs of our clients at competitive prices, our ability to maintain our clients’ trust, our ability to continue to develop new functionality and use cases, and our ability to successfully differentiate our services and platform capabilities from competitive products and services, which we may not be able to do effectively. While we may choose to engage in a broader marketing campaign to further promote our brand, this effort may not be successful or cost effective. Our brand promotion activities may not generate customer awareness or yield increased revenues, and even if they do, any increased revenues may not offset the expenses we incur in building our brand. If we are unable to maintain or enhance client awareness in a cost-effective manner, our brand and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Our corporate reputation is susceptible to damage by actions or statements made by adversaries in legal proceedings, current or former employees or clients, competitors and vendors, as well as members of the investment community and the media. There is a risk that negative information about our company, even if based on false rumor or misunderstanding, could adversely affect our business. In particular, damage to our reputation could be difficult and time-consuming to repair, could make potential or existing clients reluctant to select us for new engagements, resulting in a loss of business, and could adversely affect our employee recruitment and retention efforts. Damage to our reputation could also reduce the value and effectiveness of our brand name and could reduce investor confidence in us and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We have limited historical data with respect to rates of client subscription renewals and cannot be certain of anticipated renewal rates. Our renewal rates may decline or fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including our clients’ satisfaction with our pricing or our solutions or their ability to continue their operations or spending levels. As we sign more contracts, we will generally have an increasing amount of contracts coming up for renewal. If our clients do not renew their subscriptions for our solutions on similar pricing terms, our revenues may decline and it could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Additionally, as the markets for our solutions continue to develop, we may be unable to attract new clients based on the same subscription model that we have used historically. Moreover, large or influential FI clients may demand more favorable pricing or other contract terms from us. As a result, in the past we have had, and expect to be required in the future, to change our pricing model, reduce our prices or accept other unfavorable contract terms, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our sales process involves educating prospective clients and existing clients about the use, technical capabilities and benefits of our solutions and typically lasts from three to 12 months or longer. Prospective clients often undertake a prolonged evaluation process, which typically involves not only our solutions, but also those of our competitors. We spend substantial time, effort and money on our sales and marketing efforts without any assurance that our efforts will produce any sales. Events affecting our clients’ businesses may occur during the sales cycle that could affect the size or timing of a purchase, contributing to more unpredictability in our business and results of operations. As a result of these factors, we may face greater costs, longer sales cycles and less predictability in the future.

We leverage third-party software, content and services for use with our solutions. Performance issues, errors and defects, or failure to successfully integrate or license necessary third-party software, content or services on favorable terms, could cause delays, errors or failures of our solutions, increases in our expenses and reductions in our sales, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We use software and content licensed from, and services provided by, a variety of third parties in connection with the operation of our solutions. This includes making our applications available through the Google Play Store and Apple’s App Store (collectively, the “App Stores”). Any performance issues, errors, bugs or defects in third-party software, content or services could result in errors or a failure of our solutions, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In the future, we will need to renew existing licenses and license other software, content or services to enhance our solutions and meet evolving client demands and requirements, all on favorable terms. Any limitations in our ability to use third-party software, content or services, including the App Stores, could significantly increase our expenses and otherwise result in delays, a reduction in functionality or errors or failures of our solutions until equivalent technology or content is either developed by us or, if available, identified, purchased or licensed and integrated into our solutions. In addition, third-party licenses may expose us to increased risks, including risks associated with the integration of new technology, the diversion of resources from the development of our own proprietary technology and our inability to generate revenues from new technology sufficient to offset associated acquisition and maintenance costs, all of which may increase our expenses and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Alkami Digital Banking Platform integrates with other third-party systems used by our clients, including core processing and payment systems. We do not have formal arrangements with many of these third-party providers regarding our access to their application program interfaces to enable these client integrations. If we are unable to effectively integrate with third-party systems, our clients’ operations may be disrupted, which could result in disputes with clients, negatively impact client satisfaction and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, if we are unable to address our clients’ needs or preferences in a timely fashion or further develop and enhance our solutions, or if a client is not satisfied with the quality of work performed by us or with the technical support services rendered, we could incur additional costs to address the situation, and clients’ dissatisfaction with our solutions could damage our ability to maintain or expand our client base. If the software of such third-party providers has performance or other problems, such issues may reflect poorly on us and the adoption and renewal of our solutions, which could significantly harm our reputation. Moreover, any negative publicity related to our solutions, regardless of its accuracy or whether the ultimate cause of any poor performance actually results from our products or from the systems of our clients, may further damage our business by affecting our reputation and may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our business depends on our ability to satisfy our clients and meet their digital banking needs. Our clients use a variety of network infrastructure, hardware and software, and our digital banking solutions must support the specific configuration of our clients’ existing systems, including in many cases the solutions of third-party providers. Our implementation expenses increase when clients have unexpected data, network infrastructure, hardware or software technology challenges, or complex or unanticipated business or regulatory requirements. In addition, our clients typically require complex acceptance testing related to the implementation of our solutions. Implementation delays may also require us to delay revenue recognition under the related sales agreement longer than expected. Further, because we do not fully control our clients’ implementation schedules, if our clients do not allocate the internal resources necessary to meet implementation timelines or if there are unanticipated implementation delays or difficulties as a result of expansions of project scope or otherwise, our revenue recognition may be delayed.

Further, any failure of or delays in our systems could cause service interruptions or impaired system performance. Some of our client agreements require us to issue credits for downtime in excess of certain thresholds and in some instances give our clients the ability to terminate their agreements with us in the event of significant amounts of downtime.

If sustained or repeated, these performance issues could reduce the attractiveness of our solutions to new and existing clients, cause us to lose clients, decrease our revenues and lower our renewal rates by existing clients, each of which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, negative publicity resulting from issues related to our client relationships, regardless of accuracy, may adversely affect our ability to attract new clients and maintain and expand our relationships with existing clients.

If the use of our digital banking solutions increases, or if our clients demand more advanced features from our solutions, we will need to devote additional resources to improving our solutions, and we also may need to expand our technical infrastructure at a more rapid pace than we have in the past. This would involve spending substantial amounts to increase our cloud services infrastructure, purchase or lease data center capacity and equipment, upgrade our technology and infrastructure and introduce new or enhanced solutions. It takes a significant amount of time to plan, develop and test changes to our infrastructure, and we may not be able to accurately forecast demand or predict the results we will realize from such improvements. There are inherent risks associated with changing, upgrading, improving and expanding our technical infrastructure. Any failure of our solutions to integrate effectively with future infrastructure and technologies could reduce the demand for our solutions, resulting in client dissatisfaction, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Also, any expansion of our infrastructure would likely require that we appropriately scale our internal business systems and services organization, including implementation and client support services, to serve our growing client base. If we are unable to respond to these changes or fully and effectively implement them in a cost-effective and timely manner, our service may become ineffective, we may lose clients and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

We primarily serve our clients from third-party data center hosting facilities provided by AWS. We rely upon AWS to operate certain aspects of our solutions, and any disruption of or interference with our use of AWS has in the past and could in the future impair our ability to deliver our solutions to our clients, resulting in client dissatisfaction, damage to our reputation, loss of clients and harm to our business. We have architected our solutions and computer systems to use data processing, storage capabilities and other services provided by AWS. Given this, we cannot easily switch our AWS operations to another cloud provider, so any disruption of or interference with our use of AWS could increase our operating costs and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, and we might not be able to secure service from an alternative provider on similar terms.

Our business requires the ongoing availability and uninterrupted operation of internal and external transaction processing systems and services. Our third-party providers of transaction processing and information technology-related functions are ultimately responsible for maintaining their own network security, disaster recovery and system management procedures, and our review processes for such providers may be insufficient to identify, prevent, or mitigate adverse events. The owners and operators of our current and future hosting facilities do not guarantee that our clients’ access to our solutions will be uninterrupted, error-free or secure. We or our third-party providers have in the past and may in the future experience website disruptions, outages and other performance problems. These problems may be caused by a variety of factors, including infrastructure changes, human or software errors, viruses, security attacks, fraud, spikes in client usage and denial of service issues. In some instances, we may not be able to identify the cause or causes of these performance problems within an acceptable period of time. We do not control the operation of these data center facilities, and such facilities, as well as our own information technology systems, are vulnerable to damage or interruption from human error, intentional bad acts, power loss, hardware failures, telecommunications failures, improper operation, unauthorized entry, data loss, power loss, cybersecurity and ransomware attacks, fires, wars, terrorist attacks, floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes, natural disasters or similar catastrophic events. They also could be subject to break-ins, computer viruses, sabotage, intentional acts of vandalism and other misconduct. The occurrence of a natural disaster or an act of terrorism, a decision to close the facilities without adequate notice or terminate our hosting arrangement or other unanticipated problems could result in lengthy interruptions in the delivery of our solutions, cause system interruptions, prevent our clients’ account holders from accessing their accounts online, result in reputational harm and loss of critical data, prevent us from supporting our solutions or cause us to incur additional expense in arranging for new facilities and support.

We also depend on third-party internet-hosting providers and continuous and uninterrupted access to the Internet through third-party bandwidth providers to operate our business. If we lose the services of one or more of our Internet-hosting or bandwidth providers for any reason or if their services are disrupted, for example due to viruses or denial of service or other attacks on their systems, or due to human error, intentional bad acts, power loss, hardware failures, telecommunications failures, fires, wars, terrorist attacks, floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes or similar catastrophic events, we could experience disruption in our ability to offer our solutions and adverse perception of our solutions’ reliability, or we could be required to retain the services of replacement providers, which could increase our operating costs and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Furthermore, prolonged interruption in the availability, or reduction in the speed or other functionality, of our products or services could materially harm our reputation and business. Frequent or persistent interruptions in our products and services could cause clients to believe that our products and services are unreliable, leading them to switch to our competitors or to avoid our products and services, and could permanently harm our reputation and business.

Additionally, as our clients may use our products for critical transactions, any errors, defects or other infrastructure problems could result in damage to such clients’ businesses. These clients could seek significant compensation from us for their losses and our insurance policies may be insufficient to cover a claim. Even if unsuccessful, this type of claim may be time-consuming and costly for us. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Alkami Digital Banking Platform is complex and may contain defects or errors when implemented or when new functionality is released, or when we modify, enhance, upgrade and implement new systems, procedures and controls to reflect changes in our business, technological advancements and changing industry trends. From time to time, we have discovered, and may in the future discover, defects or errors in our solutions.

Any performance problems or defects in our solutions could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Defects, errors or other similar performance problems or disruptions, whether in connection with day-to-day operations or otherwise, could be costly for us, damage our clients’ businesses, harm our reputation and result in reduced sales or a loss of, or delay in, the market acceptance of our solutions. In addition, if we have any such errors, defects or other performance problems, our clients could seek to terminate their contracts, elect not to renew their subscriptions, delay or withhold payment or make claims against us. Any of these actions could result in liability, lost business, increased insurance costs, difficulty in collecting accounts receivable, costly litigation or adverse publicity, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, our software utilizes open-source software and any defects or security vulnerabilities in such open-source software could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our success and future growth depend upon the continued services of our management team, in particular Alex Shootman, our Chief Executive Officer, W. Bryan Hill, our Chief Financial Officer, and other key employees, including in the areas of research and development, marketing, sales, services and general and administrative functions. From time to time, there may be changes in our management team resulting from the hiring or departure of executives, which could disrupt our business. We are also dependent on the continued service of our existing development professionals because of the complexity of our solutions, including complexity arising as a result of the regulatory requirements that are applicable to our clients and, to a lesser extent, us, and the pace of technology changes impacting our clients. We may terminate any employee’s employment at any time, with or without cause, and any employee may resign at any time, with or without cause; however, our employment agreements with our named executive officers provide for the payment of severance under certain circumstances. We have also entered into employment agreements with our other executive officers that provide for the payment of severance under similar circumstances as in our named executive officers’ employment agreements. The loss of one or more of our key employees could harm our business.

Competition for executive officers, software developers and other key employees in our industry is intense. In particular, we compete with many other companies for executive officers, for software developers with high levels of experience in designing, developing and managing software, as well as for skilled sales and operations professionals and knowledgeable customer support professionals, and we may not be successful in attracting the professionals we need. We may have difficulty hiring and retaining suitably skilled personnel or expanding our research and development organization. In addition, job candidates and existing employees often consider the actual and potential value of the equity awards they receive as part of their overall compensation. Thus, if the perceived value or future value of our stock declines, our ability to attract and retain highly skilled employees may be adversely affected. If we fail to attract and retain new employees, our business and future growth prospects could be harmed.

From time to time we face unexpected challenges related to the complexity of our clients’ integration and functionality requirements. Our expenses increase when clients have unexpected data, hardware or software technology challenges, or complex or unanticipated functionality requirements. In addition, our clients typically require complex acceptance testing related to the implementation of our solutions. Implementation delays may also require us to delay revenue recognition under the related client agreement longer than expected. Further, because we do not fully control our clients’ implementation schedules, if our clients do not allocate the internal resources necessary to meet implementation timelines or if there are unanticipated implementation delays or difficulties as a result of expansions of project scope or otherwise, our revenue recognition may be delayed and in certain circumstances, we may never recognize the revenue. Losses of registered users or any difficulties or delays in implementation processes could cause clients to delay or forego the implementation or future purchases of our solutions, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our profit margins can vary depending on numerous factors, including the scope and complexity of our implementation efforts, the number of account holders and registered users on our solutions, the type, frequency and volume of their use of our solutions and the level of client support services required by our clients. For example, the third-party service offerings that we resell typically have a much higher cost of revenues than the service offerings that we have internally developed, so any increase in sales of third-party services as a proportion of our subscriptions would have an adverse effect on our overall gross margin and results of operations. If we are unable to increase the number of registered users and the number of transactions they perform on our solutions, the types of FIs that purchase our solutions change or the mix of solutions purchased by our clients changes, our profit margins could decrease and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

High-quality client support is important to the successful marketing and sale of our solutions and for the renewal of existing client agreements. Providing this level of support requires that our client support personnel have financial services knowledge and expertise, making it difficult for us to hire qualified personnel and scale our support operations. The demand on our client support organization will increase as we expand our business and pursue new clients, and such increased support requirements could require us to devote significant development services and support personnel, which could strain our team and infrastructure and reduce our profit margins. If we do not help our clients quickly resolve any post-implementation issues and provide effective ongoing client support, our ability to sell additional solutions to existing and future clients could suffer and our reputation and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

We have in the past executed and we may in the future consider executing, strategic transactions, including acquisitions of, or investments in, businesses, technologies, services, solutions and other assets. We may also enter into relationships with other businesses to expand our solutions, which could involve preferred or exclusive licenses, additional channels of distribution, discount pricing or investments in other companies. Negotiating these transactions can be time-consuming, difficult and expensive, and our ability to close these transactions may be subject to approvals that are beyond our control. In addition, we have limited experience in acquiring other businesses and the market reaction to our acquisitions may be unfavorable, which may impact our stock price. If an acquired business fails to meet our expectations, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. We may not be able to find and identify desirable acquisition targets, we may incorrectly estimate the value of an acquisition target and we may not be successful in entering into an agreement with any particular target. If we are successful in acquiring an additional business, we may not achieve the anticipated benefits from the acquired business due to a number of factors, including:

•our inability to integrate or benefit from acquired technologies or services;

•unanticipated costs or liabilities associated with the acquisition;

•incurrence of acquisition-related costs;

•difficulty integrating the technology, accounting systems, operations, control environments and personnel of the acquired business and integrating the acquired business or its employees into our culture;

•difficulties and additional expenses associated with supporting legacy solutions and infrastructure of the acquired business;

•difficulty converting the clients of the acquired business to our solutions and contract terms, including disparities in licensing terms;

•additional costs for the support of the professional services model of the acquired company;

•diversion of management’s attention and other resources;

•adverse effects to our existing business relationships with business and clients;

•the issuance of additional equity securities that could dilute the ownership interests of our stockholders;

•incurrence of debt on terms unfavorable to us or that we are unable to repay;

•incurrence of substantial liabilities;

•difficulties retaining key employees of the acquired business; and

•adverse tax consequences, substantial depreciation or deferred compensation charges.

In addition, a significant portion of the purchase price of companies we acquire may be allocated to acquired goodwill and other intangible assets, which must be assessed for impairment at least annually. In the future, if our acquisitions do not yield expected returns, we may be required to take charges to our results of operations based on this impairment assessment process, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Any of our operating facilities or infrastructure may be harmed or rendered inoperable by natural or man-made disasters, including hurricanes, tornadoes, wildfires, floods, earthquakes, nuclear disasters, acts of terrorism or other criminal activities, infectious disease outbreaks or pandemic events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, power outages and other infrastructure failures, which may render it difficult or impossible for us to operate our business for some period of time. Our facilities would likely be costly to repair or replace, and any such efforts would likely require substantial time. Any disruptions in our operations could harm our reputation and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, and our disaster recovery plans may prove inadequate. We may not carry sufficient business insurance to compensate for losses that may occur, and if such events become more frequent it may adversely impact the cost or availability of insurance going forward. Any such losses or damages could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. In addition, the facilities of our third-party providers, including AWS, may be harmed or rendered inoperable by such natural or man-made disasters, which could cause disruptions, difficulties or otherwise materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We have expanded our presence abroad by establishing a subsidiary in India during 2024. While its operations are currently immaterial, we may face challenges related to regulatory compliance, tax implications, labor laws, currency fluctuations, and operational scaling in the future. Our current and potential future operations in India are subject to certain risks, including:

•difficulties and costs of staffing and managing foreign operations as well as additional employment regulations, union workforce negotiations and potential disputes;

•heightened exposure to changes in economic, security and political conditions, civil unrest, armed conflicts and acts of terrorism;

•different standards of protection for intellectual property rights and confidentiality;

•the effects of pandemics, epidemics or other health crises on general health and economic conditions and natural disasters;

•fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and global market volatility;

•compliance with local laws and regulations, including privacy and security laws and regulations and labor laws;

•compliance with laws governing doing business outside the United States, including foreign or domestic legal and regulatory requirements resulting in the imposition of new or more onerous sanctions and anti-corruption laws, export and import controls, trade restrictions, tariffs, duties, taxes, embargoes, exchange or other government controls;

•laws and business practices favoring local companies; and

•management of potentially adverse tax consequences from India, the United States, or both, as a result of our multi-jurisdiction operations.

The enforcement of intellectual property rights and confidentiality protections in India may not be as effective as in the U.S. or other countries. Policing unauthorized use of proprietary technology is difficult and expensive, and we might need to resort to litigation to protect our trade secrets and confidential information. The experience and capabilities of Indian courts in handling intellectual property litigation vary, and outcomes are unpredictable. Further, such litigation may require significant expenditure of cash and a diversion of resources and management attention. An adverse determination in any such litigation will impair our intellectual property rights and may harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

The historical rate of wage inflation has been higher in India than in the U.S. In addition, if the Rupee strengthens against the U.S. Dollar, our costs will increase. If the cost of technology and development work in India significantly increases or the labor environment in India changes unfavorably, our cost savings may be diminished. With the significant increase in the numbers of foreign businesses that have established operations in India, the competition to attract and retain employees there has increased significantly. If the cost of technology and development work in India significantly increases or the labor environment in India changes unfavorably, we may be unable to cost-effectively retain our current employee base in India or hire additional new talent. Any such developments could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

There is increased scrutiny from investors, customers, policymakers, and other stakeholders regarding companies’ management of climate change, human capital, and various other environmental and social matters. While we may from time to time engage in initiatives to manage such matters and address stakeholder expectations, such initiatives can be costly and may not have the desired effect. For example, many environmental and social initiatives leverage methodologies, standards, and data that are complex and continue to evolve. Moreover, various stakeholders have different, and at times conflicting, expectations. Regulatory expectations are likewise not uniform, which may increase the cost or complexity of compliance. Addressing stakeholder expectations can result in a diversion of resources and management attention, and any failure to successfully navigate such expectations, as well as evolving interpretations of any existing governmental laws or requirements, may result in reputational harm, issues attracting and retaining employees or customers, regulatory or investor engagement, or other adverse impacts to our business.

We rely heavily on hardware, software, technology infrastructure, digital networks and a range of other information technology systems for both internal and external operations that are critical to our business (collectively, “IT Systems”). We own and manage some of these IT Systems but also rely on IT Systems and related services that are operated, managed, integrated or otherwise provided by a host of third-party service providers, vendors, and business partners. In addition, certain elements of our solutions process and store PI, including banking and payment data and other PI regarding our clients’ customers, such as social security numbers, and we may also have access to PI during various stages of the implementation process or during the course of providing client support. We, like other organizations, particularly in the financial technology sector, are vulnerable to and have experienced cybersecurity attacks, insider threats and other incidents that threaten the confidentiality, integrity and availability of critical IT Systems and PI or other information regarding clients, client customers, vendors, employees, third-party providers, or our company and business. While to date no attacks or incidents have had a material impact on our operations or financial results, we cannot guarantee that material incidents will not occur in the future. Information security risks for banking and technology companies such as ours have significantly increased in recent years, in part because of the proliferation of new technologies, the use of the internet and telecommunications technologies to conduct financial transactions, and the increased sophistication and activities of organized crime, hackers, terrorists and other external parties. Because of our position in the financial services industry, we expect to continue to be a target of such threats and attacks. Additionally, geopolitical events and resulting government activity also heighten information security threats and attacks by affected jurisdictions and their sympathizers.

Violations of our policies, procedures and technological safeguards and administrative controls designed to protect our IT Systems and applications have occurred in the past, and there can be no assurance that our cybersecurity risk management program and processes (or those of our third-party providers or partners) will prevent damage to, or interruption or breach of, our IT Systems and operations. Given the unpredictability of the timing, nature and scope of cybersecurity attacks and other security-related incidents, it is impossible to comprehensively secure IT Systems or the data and PI we maintain in our databases, and we cannot entirely eliminate the risk of improper or unauthorized access to or disclosure of data or PI, other security events that impact the confidentiality, integrity or availability of data, PI or our IT Systems, or the related costs of mitigating the consequences from such events. Additionally, we cannot guarantee that our insurance coverage would be sufficient to cover all losses or that relevant insurance will be available in the future on economic terms or at all.

Further, the Alkami Digital Banking Platform involves flexible and complex software solutions, which by their very nature are subject to misconfigurations, implementation errors, “bugs,” defects or other security vulnerabilities. And, given the scanning tools we deploy in our broader network environment, we regularly identify, track and patch security vulnerabilities but are unable to comprehensively apply patches or mitigating measures or ensure that patches or measures will be applied before vulnerabilities can be exploited by a threat actor. We have experienced unlawful attempts to disrupt or gain access to our IT Systems, and we are vulnerable to future attacks that may result in unauthorized access to or disclosure of client customer PI or other data and disruption of our or our clients’ operations. We cannot anticipate or prevent all techniques used by threat actors to obtain unauthorized access or to sabotage systems or implement adequate preventative measures. Additionally, we and client customers integrate our solutions with certain third-party systems used by our clients, which have access to PI and other data about our clients. Our ability to monitor such third parties’ security measures is limited, and a vulnerability in a third-party system with which we integrate could result in a disruption to our IT Systems or unauthorized access to or disclosure, modification, misuse, loss or destruction of our clients’ and client customers’ PI and other data, including our business information. Any of the foregoing could result in a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, because we leverage third-party providers, including cloud, software, data center and other critical technology vendors to deliver our solutions to our clients and their customers, we rely heavily on the data security technology practices and policies adopted by these third-party providers. Such third-party providers have access to PI and other data about our clients and employees, and some of these providers in turn subcontract with other third-party providers. Our ability to monitor our third-party providers’ data security is limited.

A vulnerability in our third-party providers’ software or systems, a failure of our third-party providers’ safeguards, policies or procedures, or a breach of a third-party provider’s software or systems could result in a material compromise to the confidentiality, integrity or availability of our IT Systems or the data housed in our third-party solutions. Due to the size and complexity of our technology platform and services, the amount of PI and other data that we store and the number of clients, employees and third-party providers with access to PI and other data, we are vulnerable to a variety of cybersecurity attacks and other security-related incidents and threats, which could result in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Cybersecurity attacks and other malicious internet-based activity continue to increase, evolve in nature and become more sophisticated, and providers of digital products and services have been and are expected to continue to be targeted. We have incorporated and may continue to incorporate artificial intelligence/machine learning solutions and features within our business, which may create additional cybersecurity risks or increase cybersecurity risks, including risks of security breaches and incidents. Furthermore, the use of generative artificial intelligence has made it easier for threat actors to develop and evolve attacks. Threats to our IT Systems and those of our third-party providers or clients include those resulting from human error, fraud or malice on the part of employees or third parties, including state-sponsored organizations with significant financial and technological resources, or from accidental technological failure. In addition to traditional computer “hackers,” malicious code (such as viruses and worms), phishing, ransomware, social engineering attacks, employee theft, unauthorized access or misuse and denial-of-service attacks, sophisticated criminal networks as well as nation-state and nation-state supported actors now engage in attacks, including advanced persistent threat intrusions. We have acquired and will likely continue to acquire companies with cybersecurity vulnerabilities and/or unsophisticated security measures, which exposes us to additional cybersecurity, operational, and financial risks.

Any cybersecurity attacks, security breaches, phishing attacks, ransomware attacks, computer malware, computer viruses, computer hacking attacks, unauthorized access, coding or configuration errors or similar incidents experienced by us or our third-party providers could result in material operational disruptions and the material loss, compromise or corruption of client or client customer data (including PI) or data we rely on to provide our solutions, including our analytics initiatives and offerings, and impair our ability to provide our solutions and meet our clients’ requirements, resulting in decreased revenues and otherwise adversely affecting our business, financial condition and results of operations. Any such incidents may also result in regulatory investigations and orders, litigation (including class actions), disputes, investigations, indemnity obligations, damages for contract breach or penalties for violation of applicable laws or regulations. Also, our reputation could suffer irreparable harm, causing our current and prospective clients to decline to use our solutions in the future. Further, we could be forced to expend significant financial and operational resources in response to a security breach, including repairing system damage, increasing security protection costs by deploying additional personnel and modifying or enhancing our protection technologies, investigating and remediating any information security vulnerabilities and defending against and resolving legal and regulatory claims, all of which could divert resources and the attention of our management and key personnel away from our business operations and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Federal, state and international regulations, including new regulations promulgated by the SEC, may require us or our clients to notify governmental entities, individuals and/or investors of data security incidents involving certain types of PI or IT Systems or that materially impact our business. Security compromises experienced by others in our industry, our clients, our third-party providers or us may lead to public disclosures and widespread negative publicity. Any security compromise in our industry, whether actual or perceived, could erode client confidence in the effectiveness of our security measures, negatively impact our ability to attract new clients, cause existing clients to elect not to renew or expand their use of our solutions or subject us to third-party lawsuits, regulatory fines or other actions or liabilities, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we are not able to detect and identify activity on our platform that might be nefarious in nature or design processes or systems to reduce the impact of similar activity at a third-party provider, our clients and/or clients’ customers could suffer material harm, including because many of our products and services are integrated with or connected to our clients’ systems and processes. In such cases, we could face exposure to legal claims, particularly if the client and/or client customer suffered actual harm. We cannot ensure that any limitations of liability provisions in our client and user agreements, contracts with third-party providers and other contracts for a security lapse or breach or other security-related matter would be enforceable or adequate or would otherwise protect us from any liabilities or damages with respect to any particular claim. We also cannot ensure that our existing insurance coverage will continue to be available on acceptable terms or will be available in sufficient amounts to cover one or more large claims related to a security incident or breach, or that the insurer will not deny coverage as to any future claim. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceed available insurance coverage, or the occurrence of changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements, could adversely affect our reputation and our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, our clients contractually require notification of certain data security compromises and include representations and warranties in their contracts with us that our solutions comply with certain legal and technical standards related to data security and privacy and meet certain service levels. In our contracts, a data security compromise or operational disruption impacting us or one of our critical vendors, or system unavailability or damage due to other circumstances, may constitute a material breach and give rise to a client’s right to terminate its contract with us. In these circumstances, it may be difficult or impossible to cure such a breach in order to prevent clients from potentially terminating their contracts with us.

In operating our business and providing services and solutions to our clients, we collect, use, store, transmit and otherwise process sensitive employee and client data, including PI regarding client customers and other individuals, in and across multiple jurisdictions, including at times, across national borders. As a result, we are subject to a variety of laws and regulations in the United States, Europe and around the world, as well as contractual obligations and industry standards, regarding data privacy, security and protection. In many cases, these laws, regulations and industry standards apply not only to third-party transactions, but also to transfers of information between or among us, our subsidiary and other parties with which we have commercial relationships.

Data privacy, information security, and data protection are significant issues in the United States and globally.

The regulatory framework governing the collection, processing, storage, use and sharing of certain information, particularly financial and other PI, is rapidly evolving and is likely to continue to be subject to uncertainty and varying interpretations. The occurrence of unanticipated events and development of evolving technologies often rapidly drives the adoption of legislation or regulation affecting the use, collection or other processing of data and manner in which we conduct our business. We publicly post documentation regarding our practices concerning the collection, processing, use and disclosure of information. We may at times fail to comply with our published policies and documents or be alleged to have failed to do so. Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with our privacy policies or any applicable privacy, security or data protection, information security or consumer protection-related laws, regulations, orders or industry standards in one or more jurisdictions could expose us to costly litigation, significant awards, fines or judgments, civil and/or criminal penalties or negative publicity, and could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. The publication of our privacy policy and other documentation that provide promises and assurances about data privacy and security can subject us to potential global or U.S. state and federal action if they are found to be deceptive, unfair, or misrepresentative of our actual practices, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We expect that there will continue to be new proposed and adopted laws, regulations and industry standards concerning privacy, data protection and information security in the United States and other jurisdictions in which we operate. For example, in the United States, we are subject to the rules and regulations promulgated under the authority of the Federal Trade Commission. Additionally, the GLBA (along with its implementing regulations) restricts certain collection, processing, storage, use and disclosure of personal information, requires notice to individuals of privacy practices and provides individuals with certain rights to prevent the use and disclosure of certain nonpublic or otherwise legally protected information. These rules also impose requirements for the safeguarding and proper destruction of personal information through the issuance of data security standards or guidelines.

In addition, every state in which we operate (and the District of Columbia) has laws that protect the privacy and security of sensitive and personal information. Certain U.S. state laws may be more stringent or broader in scope, or offer greater individual rights, with respect to sensitive and personal information than international, federal, or other state laws, and such laws may differ from each other, which may complicate compliance efforts. For example, California enacted CCPA which, among other things, requires companies covered by the legislation to provide new disclosures to California consumers and afford such consumers new rights, including the right to access and delete certain personal information, as well as the right to opt-out of certain sales of personal information. The CCPA provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for certain data breaches that result in the loss of personal information. This private right of action may increase the likelihood of, and risks associated with, data breach litigation. The CCPA also created a new state agency vested with authority to implement and enforce the CCPA. The effects of existing state legislation, including the CCPA, are significant and have required and may require us in the future to modify our data collection or processing practices and policies and to incur substantial costs and expenses in an effort to comply and increase our potential exposure to regulatory enforcement and/or litigation. In addition, new privacy and security legislation may add additional complexity, variation in requirements, restrictions and potential legal risk, require additional investment of resources in compliance programs, impact strategies and the availability of previously useful data and could result in increased compliance costs and/or changes in business practices and policies

Internationally, many jurisdictions have established their own data privacy and security legal framework with which we or our clients may need to comply as client customers travel outside of the United States, including, but not limited to, the European Union (“EU”). The EU’s data protection landscape is currently evolving, resulting in possible significant operational costs for internal compliance and risk to our business. The EU has adopted the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), which contains numerous requirements and changes from previously existing EU law, including more robust obligations on data processors and heavier documentation requirements for data protection compliance programs by companies. In particular, under the GDPR, fines of up to 20 million euros or up to 4% of the annual global revenues of the noncompliant company, whichever is greater, could be imposed for violations of certain of the GDPR’s requirements. Such penalties are in addition to any civil litigation claims by clients and data subjects.

Because the interpretation and application of many data privacy and protection laws along with contractually imposed industry standards are uncertain, it is possible that these laws may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our existing data management practices, solutions or platform capabilities. Any failure or perceived failure by us, or any third parties with which we do business, to comply with our posted privacy policies, changing consumer expectations, evolving laws, rules and regulations, industry standards, or contractual obligations to which we or such third parties are or may become subject, may result in actions or other claims against us by governmental entities or private actors, the expenditure of substantial costs, time and other resources or the incurrence of significant fines, penalties or other liabilities. In addition, any such action, particularly to the extent we were found to be guilty of violations or otherwise liable for damages, would damage our reputation and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We cannot yet fully determine the impact these or future laws, rules, regulations and industry standards may have on our business or operations. Any such laws, rules and regulations may be inconsistent among different jurisdictions, subject to differing interpretations or may conflict with our current or future practices. Additionally, our clients may be subject to differing privacy laws, rules and legislation, which may mean that they require us to be bound by varying contractual requirements applicable to certain other jurisdictions. Adherence to such contractual requirements may impact our collection, use, processing, storage, sharing and disclosure of various types of information including financial information and other PI, and may mean we become bound by, or voluntarily comply with, self-regulatory or other industry standards relating to these matters that may further change as laws, rules and regulations evolve. Complying with these requirements and changing our policies and practices may be onerous and costly, and we may not be able to respond quickly or effectively to regulatory, legislative and other developments. These changes may in turn impair our ability to offer our existing or planned features, products and services and/or increase our cost of doing business. As we expand our client base, these requirements may vary from client to client, further increasing the cost of compliance and doing business.

The market for digital solutions for financial service providers is intensely competitive and characterized by rapid changes in technology and frequent new product introductions and improvements. We anticipate continued challenges from current competitors, including point solution vendors and core processing vendors, many of whom are well-established and enjoy greater resources, as well as from new entrants into the industry, which could include well-established companies with distinct advantages, such as cloud providers, search providers, social media providers and large providers of software to businesses and consumers. If we are unable to anticipate or react to these competitive challenges, our competitive position could weaken, and we could experience a decline in revenues that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Many of our existing competitors have, and some of our potential competitors could have, substantial competitive advantages such as:

•greater name recognition and larger client bases;

•larger sales and marketing budgets and resources;

•greater client support resources;

•larger research and development budgets; and

•substantially greater financial, technical and other resources.

Potential clients may also prefer to continue their relationship with their existing partner rather than change to a new partner regardless of product performance or features. As a result, even if the features of the Alkami Digital Banking Platform are superior, clients may not purchase our solution. In addition, innovative start-up companies, and larger companies that are making significant investments in research and development, may develop similar or superior products and technologies that compete with our solutions. Our current and potential competitors may also establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties that may further enhance their market position. As a result, our current or potential competitors might be able to adapt more quickly to new technologies and client customer needs, devote greater resources to the promotion or sale of their products and services, initiate or withstand substantial price competition, take advantage of acquisitions or other opportunities more readily, or develop and expand their product and service offerings more quickly than we can. Further, conditions in our industry could change rapidly and significantly as a result of technological advancements. These competitive pressures in our market or our failure to compete effectively may result in price reductions, reduced revenues and gross margins and loss of market share. If our clients do not renew their subscriptions for our solutions on similar or more favorable terms to us, our revenues may decline and it could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We derive all of our revenues from FIs, whose industry has experienced significant pressure in recent years due to economic and political uncertainty, liquidity concerns, the rapid and sustained increase in interest rates, inflation, exposure to loan assets and lending policies and the value, if any, of underlying collateral and increased regulation. In the recent past, FIs have experienced consolidation, distress and failure, and very few new FIs are being created. It is possible these conditions may continue into the future, and even if conditions improve for FIs, there can be no guarantee that these conditions will not reoccur. If any of our clients fail or merge with, or are acquired by, other entities, such as FIs that have internally developed banking technology solutions or that are not our clients or use our solutions less, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. Additionally, changes in management of our clients could result in delays or cancellations of the implementation of our solutions. It is also possible that consolidation among FIs could decrease the number of registered users by causing registered users to opt for fewer and deeper FI relationships, and larger FIs that result from business combinations could have greater leverage in negotiating price or other terms with us or could decide to replace some or all of the elements of our solutions.

Our business, financial condition and results of operations could also be materially and adversely affected by weak economic conditions in the financial services industry. Any downturn in the financial services industry may cause potential new clients and existing clients to forego or delay purchasing our solutions or reduce the amount of spend with us, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The market for our solutions is characterized by rapid technological advancements, changes in client requirements and technologies, frequent new product introductions and enhancements and changing regulatory requirements. The life cycles of our solutions are difficult to estimate. Rapid technological changes and the introduction of new products and enhancements by new or existing competitors or large FIs could undermine our current market position. Other means of digital banking may be developed or adopted in the future, and our solutions may not be compatible with these new technologies. In addition, the technological needs of and services provided by, FIs may change if they or their competitors offer new services to account holders. Maintaining adequate research and development resources to meet the demands of the market is essential. The process of developing new technologies and solutions is complex and expensive. The introduction of new solutions by our competitors, the market acceptance of competitive solutions based on new or alternative technologies, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies, or the emergence of new technologies or solutions in the broader financial services industry could render our solutions obsolete or less effective.

The success of any enhanced or new solution depends on several factors, including timely completion, adequate testing and market release and acceptance of the solution. Any new solutions that we develop or acquire may not be introduced in a timely or cost-effective manner, may contain defects or may not achieve the broad market acceptance necessary to generate significant revenues. If we are unable to anticipate client requirements or work with our clients successfully on implementing new solutions or features in a timely manner or enhance our existing solutions to meet our clients’ requirements, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Use of, and reliance on, digital banking solutions is still at a relatively early stage, and we do not know whether FIs will continue to adopt digital banking solutions such as ours in the future or whether the market will change in ways we do not anticipate. Many FIs have invested substantial personnel and financial resources in legacy software, and these institutions may be reluctant, unwilling or unable to convert from their existing systems to our solutions. Furthermore, these FIs may be reluctant, unwilling or unable to use digital banking solutions due to various concerns such as the security of their data and reliability of the delivery model. These concerns or other considerations may cause FIs to choose not to adopt our digital banking solutions or to adopt them more slowly than we anticipate, either of which would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our future success also depends on our ability to sell additional applications and functionality to our current and prospective clients. As we create new applications and enhance our existing solutions, these applications and enhancements may not be attractive to clients. In addition, promoting and selling new and enhanced functionality may require increasingly costly sales and marketing efforts, and if clients choose not to adopt this functionality, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Our clients and prospective clients, as FIs, are highly regulated and are generally required to comply with stringent regulations in connection with managing their vendors, in particular those that are performing business functions that our solutions address. As a provider of technology services to such FIs, we may in the future be subject to examination by various federal and state regulatory agencies, including those agencies that comprise the FFIEC, and we are also required to review and perform due diligence on certain of our third-party providers. Matters subject to review and examination by the FFIEC, federal and state regulatory agencies and external auditors include, but are not limited to, our internal information technology controls in connection with our performance of data processing services, the agreements giving rise to those processing activities and the design of our solutions, as well as our systems and technical infrastructure, our cybersecurity posture, our business recovery planning, our management and our financial condition. In addition, while we are not regulated by the NCUA, as a result of our registration as a CUSO, we are subject to disclosure, annual reporting and other requirements imposed by the NCUA. In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act granted the CFPB authority to promulgate rules and interpret certain federal consumer financial protection laws, some of which apply to the solutions we offer to our clients. In certain circumstances, the CFPB also has examination and supervision powers with respect to service providers who provide a material service to an FI offering consumer financial products and services. While many of our operations are not directly subject to the same regulations applicable to FIs, we are legally and contractually obligated to our clients to provide software solutions and maintain internal systems and processes that comply with certain federal and state regulations applicable to them. Compliance with current or future digital accessibility, privacy, data protection and information security laws to which we or our FI clients are subject could result in higher compliance and technology costs and could restrict our ability to fully exploit our capabilities or provide certain products and services, which could materially and adversely affect our ability to operate profitably. Our failure to offer products and solutions that directly or indirectly comply with such laws, including as interpreted and applied by courts and regulators, could result in potentially significant regulatory and/or governmental investigations and/or actions, litigation, fines, sanctions and damage to our reputation and our brand. In recent years, there has been increasing enforcement activity in the areas of digital accessibility, privacy, data protection and information security in various markets in which our customers operate.

For example, as a result of obligations under our client contracts, we are required to comply with certain provisions of the GLBA related to the privacy of consumer information and may be subject to other privacy, security and digital accessibility requirements because of the solutions we provide to FIs. We may also be subject to other laws because of the solutions we provide to FIs. Any inability to satisfy regulatory or contractual expectations in connection with applicable regulations and guidance could adversely affect our ability to conduct our business, including attracting and maintaining clients, require significant costs to correct, harm our reputation, or lead to liability to third parties, including our customers or their consumers. Further, if we have to make changes to our internal processes and solutions as result of applicable regulations or guidance or findings from examinations, we could be required to invest substantial additional time and funds and divert time and resources from other corporate purposes to remedy any identified deficiency or gap.

In addition, individual claimants and other third parties, including advocates for the blind or other persons with disabilities, have filed lawsuits or issued cease and desist requests to FIs, including our clients, on grounds that websites or mobile applications offered to consumers do not meet the needs of individuals with a disability within the meaning of Section 3(2) of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, 42 U.S.C. §§ 12101, 12102(2) (“ADA”) and the Title III regulations implementing the ADA contained in 28 C.F.R. §§ 36.101, et seq. Third-party advocates and individuals with disabilities seek changes to existing law and regulation, or advocate for novel legal rulings in court, against FIs when desktop websites or mobile applications do not meet or exceed the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.1 digital accessibility standard, which was developed in part to help ensure that the content developed for banks, credit unions and other FIs can be accessed and used by people with or without disabilities. The evolving, complex and often unpredictable regulatory and litigation environment in which our clients operate could result in our failure to provide compliant solutions, which could result in clients not purchasing our solutions or terminating their contracts with us or the imposition of fines or other liabilities for which we may be responsible or for which our clients may seek indemnity from us. In addition, federal, state and/or foreign agencies may attempt to further regulate our activities in the future which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, existing laws, regulations and guidance could be amended or interpreted differently by regulators in a manner that imposes additional costs and has a negative impact on our existing operations or that limits our future growth. In addition, new regulations could require costly changes in our processes, infrastructure or personnel. Finally, actions by regulatory authorities could influence both the decisions our clients make concerning the purchase of our solutions and the timing and implementation of these decisions. Substantial research and development and other corporate resources have been and will continue to be applied to adapt our solutions to this evolving, complex and often unpredictable regulatory environment.

Our trade secrets, trademarks, copyrights, patents and other intellectual property rights are important assets for us. As of December 31, 2023, we had four U.S. registered patents related to automated clearing house transaction notifications and the facilitation of transaction disputes and 24 issued patents, inclusive of U.S. registered patents and international patents, as well as five patent applications pending in the United States, related to our Segmint marketing technology business. We currently own the U.S. registered trademark for the word “Alkami” and certain variants thereof, as well as certain other U.S. registered trademarks relating to our products and services. We also rely on copyright laws to protect computer programs related to our platform and our proprietary technologies, although to date we have not registered for statutory copyright protection. We have registered numerous internet domain names in the United States related to our business. We rely on, and expect to continue to rely on, various agreements with our employees, independent contractors, consultants and third parties with whom we have relationships, as well as trademark, trade dress, domain name, copyright, patent and trade secret laws in the United States and internationally to protect our brand and other intellectual property rights. Such agreements and laws may be insufficient, breached, or otherwise fail to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of our confidential information, intellectual property or technology, and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of our confidential information, intellectual property or technology.

Additionally, various factors outside our control pose a threat to our intellectual property rights, as well as to our products, services and technologies. For example, we may fail to obtain effective intellectual property protection, or the efforts we have taken to protect our intellectual property rights may not be sufficient or effective, and any of our intellectual property rights may be challenged, which could result in them being narrowed in scope or declared invalid or unenforceable. There can be no assurance our intellectual property rights will be sufficient to protect against others offering products or services that are substantially similar to ours and compete with our business or that unauthorized parties may attempt to copy aspects of our technology and use information that we consider proprietary. For example, it is possible that third parties, including our competitors, may obtain patents relating to technologies that overlap or compete with our technology. If third parties obtain patent protection with respect to such technologies, they may assert, and have in the past asserted, that our technology infringes their patents and seek to charge us a licensing fee or otherwise preclude the use of our technology or file suit against us. Additionally, unauthorized third parties may try to copy or reverse engineer portions of our products or otherwise obtain and use our intellectual property and other information that we regard as proprietary to create products and services that compete with ours.

Any additional investment in protecting our intellectual property through additional trademark, patent or other intellectual property filings could be expensive or time-consuming. We may not be able to obtain protection for our technology and even if we are successful in obtaining effective patent, trademark, trade secret and copyright protection, it is expensive to maintain these rights, both in terms of application and maintenance costs, and the time and cost required to defend our rights could be substantial. Moreover, our failure to develop and properly manage and protect new intellectual property could hurt our market position and business opportunities. Furthermore, recent changes to U.S. intellectual property laws and possible future changes to U.S. or foreign intellectual property laws and regulations may jeopardize the enforceability and validity of our intellectual property portfolio and harm our ability to obtain patent protection, including for some of our unique business methods. We may be unable to obtain trademark protection for our products and brands, and our existing trademark registrations, and any trademarks that may be used in the future, may not provide us with competitive advantages or distinguish our products and services from those of our competitors. In addition, our trademarks may be contested or found to be unenforceable, weak or invalid, and we may not be able to prevent third parties from infringing or otherwise violating them.

We will not be able to protect our intellectual property rights if we are unable to enforce our rights or if we do not detect unauthorized use of our intellectual property rights. Additionally, effective intellectual property protection may not be available in every country in which we offer our products and services, and the laws of certain non-U.S. countries where we do business or may do business in the future may not recognize intellectual property rights or protect them to the same extent as do the laws of the United States. In addition, any changes in, or unexpected interpretations of, intellectual property laws may compromise our ability to enforce our trade secret and intellectual property rights. Failure to obtain or maintain protection of our trade secrets or other proprietary information could harm our competitive position and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition to registered intellectual property rights such as trademark registrations, we rely on non-registered proprietary information and technology, such as copyrights, trade secrets, confidential information, know-how and technical information. In order to protect our proprietary information and technology, we rely in part on non-disclosure and confidentiality agreements with parties who have access to them, including our employees, investors, independent contractors, corporate collaborators, advisors and other third parties, which place restrictions on the use and disclosure of this intellectual property. We also enter into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with our employees and consultants. We cannot guarantee that we have entered into such agreements with each party that may have or have had access to our trade secrets or proprietary information or otherwise developed intellectual property for us, including our technology and processes. Individuals not subject to invention assignment agreements may make adverse ownership claims to our current and future intellectual property. Additionally, these agreements may be insufficient or breached, or this intellectual property, including trade secrets, may otherwise be disclosed or become known to our competitors, which could cause us to lose any competitive advantage resulting from this intellectual property. We may not be able to obtain adequate remedies for such breaches. Additionally, to the extent that our employees, independent contractors or other third parties with whom we do business use intellectual property owned by others in their work for us, disputes may arise as to the rights in related or resulting know-how and inventions. The loss of trade secret protection could make it easier for third parties to compete with our products and services by copying functionality.

To counter infringement or unauthorized use of our intellectual property, we may deem it necessary to file infringement claims, which can be expensive, time-consuming and distracting to management. Our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights in this manner may be met with defenses, counterclaims, and countersuits attacking the validity and enforceability of our intellectual property rights. An adverse result of such litigation could require us to pay monetary damages or enter into royalty and licensing agreements that we would not normally find acceptable, cause a delay to the development of our products and services, require us to stop selling all or a portion of our products and services, require us to redesign certain components of our platform using alternative non-infringing technology or practices, which could require significant effort and expense. Furthermore, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation, there is a risk that some of our confidential information could be compromised by disclosure during this type of litigation. An adverse outcome in such litigation or proceedings may expose us to a loss of our competitive position, expose us to significant liabilities or require us to seek licenses that may not be available on commercially acceptable terms, if at all.

We use open-source software in our products and services and anticipate using open-source software in the future. Some open-source software licenses require those who distribute open-source software as part of their own software product to publicly disclose all or part of the source code to such software product or to make available any derivative works of the open-source code on unfavorable terms or at no cost, and we may be subject to such terms. The terms of certain open-source licenses to which we are subject have not been interpreted by U.S. or foreign courts, and there is a risk that open-source software licenses could be construed in a manner that imposes unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to provide, or distribute the products or services related to, the open-source software subject to those licenses. While we use reasonable efforts to monitor our use of open-source software and try to ensure that none is used in a manner that would require us to disclose our proprietary source code or that would otherwise breach the terms of an open-source agreement, such use could inadvertently occur, or could be claimed to have occurred, in part because open-source license terms are often ambiguous. Additionally, we could face claims from third parties claiming ownership of, or demanding release of, any open-source software or derivative works that we have developed using such software, which could include proprietary source code, or otherwise seeking to enforce the terms of the applicable open-source license. These claims could result in litigation and could require us to make our software source code freely available, purchase a costly license or cease offering the implicated products or services unless and until we can re-engineer such source code in a manner that avoids infringement. This re-engineering process could require us to expend significant additional research and development resources, and we may not be able to complete the re-engineering process successfully. In addition to risks related to license requirements, use of certain open-source software can lead to greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as open-source licensors generally do not provide warranties or controls on the origin of software. There is little legal precedent in this area and any actual or claimed requirement to disclose our proprietary source code or pay damages for breach of contract could harm our business and could help third parties, including our competitors, develop products and services that are similar to or better than ours. Any of these risks could be difficult to eliminate or manage, and, if not addressed, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Some of our client agreements contain provisions permitting the client to become a party to, or a beneficiary of, a source code escrow agreement under which we place the proprietary source code for certain of our products in escrow with a third party. Under these source code escrow agreements, our source code may be released to the client upon the occurrence of specified events, such as in situations of our bankruptcy or insolvency or our failure to support or maintain our products. Disclosing the content of our source code may limit the intellectual property protection we can obtain or maintain for our source code or our products containing that source code and may facilitate intellectual property infringement, misappropriation or other violation claims against us.

Following any such release, we cannot be certain that clients will comply with the restrictions on their use of the source code and we may be unable to monitor and prevent unauthorized disclosure of such source code by clients. Additionally, following any such release, clients may be able to create derivative works based on our source code and may own such derivative works. Any increase in the number of people familiar with our source code as a result of any such release may also increase the risk of a successful hacking attempt. Each of these could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Technology companies frequently enter into litigation based on allegations of patent or trademark infringement or other violations of intellectual property rights. We may become involved in lawsuits to protect or enforce our intellectual property rights, and we may be subject to claims by third parties that we have infringed, misappropriated or otherwise violated their intellectual property rights. As we face increasing competition and gain an increasingly high profile, the possibility of intellectual property rights claims against us may increase. This risk has been amplified by the increase in patent holding companies that seek to monetize patents they have purchased or otherwise obtained and whose sole or primary business is to assert such claims.

From time to time, third parties may assert, and in the past have asserted, claims of infringement, misappropriation or other violation of intellectual property rights against us and FIs with whom we do business. Recently, for instance, a large financial services company has been successfully enforcing certain patents related to the use of remote deposit capture technology--a process that virtually every FI offers to its end users. Any claim of infringement, misappropriation or other violation of intellectual property rights by a third party, even those without merit and regardless of the outcome, could cause us to incur substantial costs defending against the claim, distract our management from our business, require us to redesign or cease use of such intellectual property, pay substantial amounts to satisfy judgments or settle claims or lawsuits, pay substantial royalty or licensing fees, or satisfy indemnification obligations that we have with certain parties with whom we have commercial relationships. The outcome of any allegation is often uncertain. Furthermore, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation, there is a risk that some of our confidential information could be compromised by disclosure during this type of litigation.

If any of our technologies, products or services are found to infringe upon, misappropriate or violate a third party’s intellectual property rights, we could be required to obtain a license from such third party to continue commercializing or using such technologies, products and services. However, we may not be able to obtain any required license on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Even if we were able to obtain a license, we could be required to make substantial licensing and royalty payments. We also could be forced, including by court order, to cease the commercialization or use of the violating technology, products or services. Accordingly, we may be forced to design around such violated intellectual property, which may be expensive, time-consuming or infeasible. In addition, we could be found liable for significant monetary damages, including treble damages and attorneys’ fees, if we are found to have willfully infringed upon a patent or other intellectual property right. Claims that we have misappropriated the confidential information or trade secrets of third parties could similarly harm our business. If we are required to make substantial payments or undertake any of the other actions noted above as a result of any intellectual property infringement, misappropriation or violation claims against us, such payments, costs or actions could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial condition and results of operations.

Additionally, in certain of our agreements with clients and licensors of software we use internally or license to our clients, we agree to indemnify them for losses related to, among other things, claims by third parties that our intellectual property infringes upon, misappropriates or violates the intellectual property of such third party. From time to time, clients or licensors have required, and may in the future require, us to indemnify them for such infringement, misappropriation or violation, breach of confidentiality or violation of applicable law, among other things. Some of our indemnity agreements may provide for uncapped liability and some indemnity provisions survive termination or expiration of the applicable agreement. Any legal claims from clients or other third parties could result in substantial liabilities, reputational harm, the delay or loss of market acceptance of our products, and could have adverse effects on our relationships with such clients and other third parties.

We license certain intellectual property, including technologies, data, content and software from third parties, that is important to our business, and in the future we may enter into additional agreements that provide us with licenses to valuable intellectual property or technology. If we fail to comply with any of the obligations under our license agreements, we may be required to pay damages and the licensor may have the right to terminate the license. Termination by the licensor would cause us to lose valuable rights, and could prevent us from selling our products and services, or inhibit our ability to commercialize future products and services. Our business would suffer if any current or future licenses terminate, if the licensors fail to abide by the terms of the license, if the licensors fail to enforce licensed patents against infringing third parties, if the licensed intellectual property rights are found to be invalid or unenforceable, or if we are unable to enter into necessary licenses on acceptable terms. In addition, our rights to certain technologies are licensed to us on a non-exclusive basis. The owners of these non-exclusively licensed technologies are therefore free to license them to third parties, including our competitors, on terms that may be superior to those offered to us, which could place us at a competitive disadvantage. Moreover, our licensors may own or control intellectual property that has not been licensed to us and, as a result, we may be subject to claims, regardless of their merit, that we are infringing or otherwise violating the licensor’s rights. In addition, the agreements under which we license intellectual property or technology from third parties are generally complex, and certain provisions in such agreements may be susceptible to multiple interpretations. The resolution of any contract interpretation disagreement that may arise could narrow what we believe to be the scope of our rights to the relevant intellectual property or technology, or increase what we believe to be our financial or other obligations under the relevant agreement. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial condition and results of operations.

In the future, we may identify additional third-party intellectual property we may need to license in order to engage in our business, including to develop or commercialize new products or services. However, such licenses may not be available on acceptable terms or at all. The licensing or acquisition of third-party intellectual property rights is a competitive area, and several more established companies may pursue strategies to license or acquire third-party intellectual property rights that we may consider attractive or necessary. These established companies may have a competitive advantage over us due to their size, capital resources and greater development or commercialization capabilities. In addition, companies that perceive us to be a competitor may be unwilling to assign or license rights to us. Even if such licenses are available, we may be required to pay the licensor substantial royalties based on sales of our products and services. Such royalties are a component of the cost of our products or services and may affect the margins on our products and services. In addition, such licenses may be non-exclusive, which could give our competitors access to the same intellectual property licensed to us. If we are unable to enter into the necessary licenses on acceptable terms or at all, if any necessary licenses are subsequently terminated, if our licensors fail to abide by the terms of the licenses, if our licensors fail to prevent infringement by third parties, or if the licensed intellectual property rights are found to be invalid or unenforceable, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. Further, third parties from whom we currently license intellectual property rights could refuse to renew our agreements upon their expiration or could impose additional terms and fees that we otherwise would not deem acceptable requiring us to obtain the intellectual property from another third party, if any is available, or to pay increased licensing fees or be subject to additional restrictions on our use of such third-party intellectual property. Defense of any lawsuit or failure to obtain any of these licenses on favorable terms could prevent us from commercializing products, which could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial condition and results of operations.

We expect to experience quarterly or annual fluctuations in our results of operations due to a number of factors, many of which are outside of our control. This makes our future results difficult to predict and could cause our results of operations to fall below expectations or our predictions. Factors that might cause quarterly or annual fluctuations in our results of operations include:

•the timing of large subscriptions and client terminations, renewals or failures to renew;

•our ability to attract new clients and retain and grow revenues from existing clients;

•our ability to maintain, expand, train and achieve an acceptable level of production from our sales and marketing teams;

•the timing of our introduction of new solutions or updates to existing solutions;

•our ability to grow and maintain our relationships with our ecosystem of third-party partners, including integration partners and referral partners;

•the success of our clients’ businesses;

•new government regulations;

•changes in our pricing policies or those of our competitors;

•the amount and timing of our expenses related to the expansion of our business, operations and infrastructure;

•any impairment of our intangible assets, capitalized software, long-lived assets or goodwill;

•future costs related to acquisitions of content, technologies or businesses and their integration;

•natural disasters, outbreaks of disease or public health crises; and

•general economic conditions.

Any one of the factors above, or the cumulative effect of some or all of the factors referred to above, may result in significant fluctuations in our quarterly and annual results of operations. This variability and unpredictability could result in our failure to meet or exceed our internal operating plan. In addition, a percentage of our operating expenses is fixed in nature and is based on forecasted financial performance. In the event of revenue shortfalls, we may not be able to mitigate the negative impact on our results of operations quickly enough to avoid short-term impacts.

We generally recognize revenues from subscription fees paid by clients over their contractual term beginning from live use of the service. As a result, the substantial majority of the revenues we report in each quarter is related to agreements entered into during previous quarters. Consequently, a change in the level of new client agreements or implementations in any quarter may have a small impact on our revenues in that quarter but will affect our revenues in future quarters. Accordingly, the effect of significant downturns in sales and market acceptance of our solutions, or changes in our rate of renewals, may not be fully reflected in our results of operations until future periods. Our subscription model also makes it difficult for us to rapidly increase our revenues through additional sales in any period, as we generally recognize subscription revenues from new clients over the applicable subscription terms once they have begun live use of our services.

We began business in 2009 and, as a result, have only a limited operating history upon which to evaluate our business and future prospects. We have encountered and will continue to encounter risks and difficulties frequently experienced by rapidly growing companies in constantly evolving industries, including the risks described in this document. If we do not address these risks successfully, our business, financial condition and results of operations will be adversely affected and the market value of our common stock could decline. Further, because we have limited historical financial data and we operate in a rapidly evolving market, any predictions about our future revenues and expenses may not be as accurate as they would be if we had a longer operating history or operated in a more predictable market.

You should not consider our revenue growth rate in recent periods as indicative of our future performance. You should not rely on our revenues for any prior quarterly or annual periods as an indication of our future revenues or revenue growth. If we are unable to maintain revenue growth, it may be difficult for us to achieve and maintain profitability.

Since inception, we have incurred net losses as we have spent significant funds on organizational and start-up activities, to recruit key managers and employees, to develop our solutions and client support resources and for research and development. We will need to generate and sustain increased revenue levels in future periods in order to become profitable, and, even if we do increase our revenues, we may not be able to achieve, maintain or increase our profitability. We intend to continue to expend significant resources to support further growth and extend the functionality of our solutions, expand our sales and product development headcount and increase our marketing activities. We will also face increased costs associated with growth, the expansion of our client base, regulatory compliance and information security and the costs of being a public company. Our efforts to grow our business may be more costly than we expect, and we may not be able to increase our revenues enough to offset our increased operating expenses. We expect to incur losses for the foreseeable future as we continue to invest in product development and marketing, and we cannot predict whether or when we will achieve or maintain profitability. If we are unable to achieve and maintain profitability, the value of our business and common stock may significantly decrease and our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

We have funded our operations since inception primarily through equity financings and receipts generated from clients. We cannot be certain when or if our operations will generate sufficient cash to fund our ongoing operations or the growth of our business. We intend to continue to make investments to support our business and may require additional funds. Moreover, we do not expect to be profitable for the foreseeable future. Additional financing may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. If adequate funds are not available on acceptable terms, we may be unable to invest in future growth opportunities, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We also have incurred debt pursuant to our Amended Credit Agreement (as defined below), and the lenders have rights senior to holders of common stock to make claims on our assets. The terms of our Amended Credit Agreement could restrict our operations, and we may be unable to service or repay the debt.

Furthermore, if we issue additional equity securities, stockholders may experience dilution, and the new equity securities could have rights senior to those of our common stock. Because our decision to incur debt or issue securities in a future offering will depend on numerous considerations, including factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the impact any future incurrence of debt or issuance of equity securities will have on us. Any future incurrence of debt or issuance of equity securities could adversely affect the value of our common stock.

We have incurred substantial NOLs during our history. Under the rules of Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change,” generally defined as a greater than 50 percentage point change (by value) in its equity ownership over a rolling three-year period, the corporation’s ability to use its pre-change NOLs and other pre-change tax attributes to offset its post-change taxable income or taxes may be limited. The applicable rules generally operate by focusing on changes in ownership among stockholders considered by the rules as owning, directly or indirectly, 5% or more of the stock of a corporation, as well as changes in ownership arising from new issuances of stock by the corporation. Section 382 of the Code may further limit our ability to utilize our pre-change NOLs or other pre-change tax attributes if we undergo a future ownership change. We have experienced ownership changes in the past and could experience one or more ownership changes in the future, some of which changes may be outside our control. As a result, if we earn net taxable income, our ability to use our pre-change NOL carryforwards to offset post-change taxable income may be subject to limitations. In addition, a portion of our NOLs generated in prior periods, if not utilized, will begin to expire in 2034 and 2024 for federal and state purposes, respectively. The remainder of our federal NOL carryforwards, which do not expire and will carry forward indefinitely until utilized, are limited to offset 80% of our taxable income in such taxable year. The remainder of our indefinite state NOLs are subject to varying limitations determined by the respective states. For these reasons, we may not be able to utilize a material portion of our NOLs and other tax attributes, which could adversely affect our future cash flows.

We are subject to federal, state, and local income taxes. Our future effective tax rate could be affected by changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, certain non-deductible expenses related to acquisitions, and changes in federal, state, or local tax laws or their interpretation. If such changes take place, there is a risk that our effective tax rate may be favorably or unfavorably affected, impacting our result of operations. The Trump administration has proposed a number of changes to the U.S. tax system. Many aspects of these proposals are unclear or undeveloped, and we are unable to predict which, if any, U.S. tax reform proposals will be enacted into law, and what effects any enacted legislation might have on our tax liabilities. Additionally, an increasing number of states have adopted laws or administrative practices that impose new taxes on all or a portion of gross revenue or impose additional tax collection obligations on out-of-state companies. Each jurisdiction has different rules and regulations governing sales and use, consumption, and similar taxes. These rules are subject to varying interpretation and could be changed, modified, or applied adversely to us as a result of factors outside of our control. One or more states where we do not collect taxes may successfully assert that such taxes are applicable, which could result in material tax assessments, including for past sales, as well as penalties and interest.

On July 1, 2024, the Company entered into a Second Amendment (the “Second Amendment”) to the Company’s Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of April 29, 2022 (as amended, the “Amended Credit Agreement”), with Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”), a division of First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company, as Administrative Agent, and the other lenders party thereto. The Second Amendment, among other things, extended the maturity date of the Amended Credit Agreement to April 29, 2027. Our payment obligations under the Amended Credit Agreement reduce cash available to fund working capital, capital expenditures, research and development and other corporate purposes, and limit our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, expansion plans and other investments, which may in turn limit our ability to implement our business strategy, heighten our vulnerability to downturns in our business, the industry, or in the general economy, limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry and prevent us from taking advantage of business opportunities as they arise. In addition, indebtedness under the Amended Credit Agreement bears interest at a variable rate, making us vulnerable to increases in market interest rates. If market rates continue to increase, we will have to pay additional interest on this indebtedness, which would further reduce cash available for our other business needs.

We cannot assure you that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations or that future financing will be available to us in amounts sufficient to enable us to make required and timely payments on our indebtedness, or to fund our operations.

In addition, our obligations under the Amended Credit Agreement are guaranteed by our subsidiaries and secured by all or substantially all of our assets and our subsidiaries’ assets. The security interest granted over our assets could limit our ability to obtain additional debt financing. Our Amended Credit Agreement also contains, and any future indebtedness of ours would likely contain, a number of restrictive covenants that impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us, subject to customary exceptions, including restricting our ability to:

•incur, assume or prepay debt or incur or assume liens;

•pay dividends or distributions or redeem or repurchase capital stock;

•dispose of certain property;

•enter into sale leaseback transactions;

•enter into a new line of business;

•make certain investments, capital expenditures above a certain amount in any fiscal year or acquisitions;

•complete a significant corporate transaction, such as a merger or sale of our company or its assets; and

•enter into agreements that prohibit the incurrence of liens or the payment by our subsidiary of dividends and distributions.

In addition, the Amended Credit Agreement includes a number of financial covenants relating to minimum recurring revenues and liquidity levels. Our failure to comply with these restrictions and the other terms and conditions under our Amended Credit Agreement could result in an event of default, which would allow lenders to elect to accelerate our outstanding indebtedness under our Amended Credit Agreement and exercise other remedies as set forth therein. If that were to happen, we may not be able to repay all of the amounts that would become due under our indebtedness or refinance our debt, which could materially harm our business and force us to seek bankruptcy protection.

Any future indebtedness, combined with our other financial obligations, could increase our vulnerability to adverse changes in general economic, industry and market conditions, limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry and impose a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less debt or better debt servicing options.

As a result of the aggregate market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates as of June 28, 2024 (the last business day of our most recently completed second quarter) exceeding $700.0 million, we became a large accelerated filer under the Exchange Act as of December 31, 2024, and no longer qualify as an “emerging growth company.”

As a large accelerated filer, we are subject to certain disclosure and compliance requirements that apply to other public companies but did not previously apply to us due to our status as an emerging growth company. These requirements include, but are not limited to:

•the requirement that our independent registered public accounting firm attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002;

•the requirement that we provide three years of audited financial statements and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations;”

•compliance with any requirements that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or supplement to the auditors’ report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements;

•the requirement that we provide more detailed disclosures regarding executive compensation;

•compliance with the required public company effective dates for any new or revised accounting standards;

•the requirement that we hold a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and obtain stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved;

•the requirement that annual reports on Form 10-K shall be filed within 60 days after the fiscal year end covered by the report.

We expect that compliance with these additional requirements will substantially increase our legal and financial compliance costs. In addition, any failure to comply with these additional requirements in a timely manner, or at all, could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations and could cause a decline in the price of our common stock.

We have acquired several businesses since our inception and we may acquire additional businesses in the future. Future acquisitions may require additional debt or equity financing, which could be dilutive to our existing stockholders or negatively affect our financial metrics. Even if we complete acquisitions, there are many factors that could affect whether such acquisition will be beneficial to our business, including, without limitation:

•payment of above-market prices for acquisitions and higher than anticipated acquisition costs;

•issuance of common stock as part of the acquisition price or a need to issue stock options or other equity-based compensation to newly-hired employees of target companies, resulting in dilution of ownership to our existing stockholders;

•reduced profitability if an acquisition is not accretive to our business over either the short term or the long term;

•difficulties in integrating any acquired companies, personnel, products or other assets into our existing business;

•delays in realizing the benefits of the acquired company, products or other assets;

•regulatory challenges and becoming subject to additional regulatory requirements;

•cybersecurity and compliance-related issues;

•diversion of our management’s time and attention from other business concerns;

•limited or no direct prior experience in new markets or countries we may enter;

•unanticipated issues dealing with unfamiliar vendors, service providers or other collaborators of the acquired company;

•higher costs of integration than we anticipated;

•write-downs or impairments of goodwill or other intangible assets associated with the acquired company;

•difficulties in retaining key employees of the acquired business who are necessary to manage the acquired business;

•negative impacts on our relationships with our employees, clients, customers or collaborators;

•intellectual property and other litigation, other claims or liabilities in connection with the acquisition; and

•changes in the overall financial model as certain acquired companies may have a different revenue, gross profit margin or operating expense profile.

Further, our ability to benefit from future acquisitions and/or external strategic investments depends on our ability to successfully conduct due diligence, negotiate acceptable terms, evaluate prospective opportunities and bring acquired technologies and/or products to market at acceptable margins and operating expense levels.

We may also discover deficiencies in internal controls, data adequacy and integrity, product quality, regulatory compliance, product liabilities or other undisclosed liabilities that we did not uncover prior to our acquisition or investment, which could result in us becoming subject to penalties, other liabilities or asset impairments. In addition, if we do not achieve the anticipated benefits of an acquisition or other external investment as rapidly as expected, or at all, investors or analysts may downgrade our stock.

If these risks materialize, our stock price could be materially adversely affected. Any difficulties in the integration of acquired businesses or unexpected penalties, liabilities or asset impairments in connection with such acquisitions or investments could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock, particularly sales by our directors, executive officers and significant stockholders, or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price of our common stock and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. For example, certain significant stockholders sold 5.0 million and 7.5 million shares of our common stock in separate underwritten secondary offerings in August 2024 and November 2024, respectively. We are unable to predict the effect that future sales may have on the prevailing market price of our common stock.

We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings for use in the operation of our business and do not anticipate paying any dividends on our capital stock in the foreseeable future. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our board of directors, is currently restricted by our Amended Credit Agreement and may be restricted by the terms of any future indebtedness we may incur. Consequently, your only opportunity to achieve a return on your investment in our company will be if the market price of our common stock appreciates and you sell your shares at a profit.

Our directors, officers and other principal stockholders, in the aggregate, beneficially owned approximately 32% of the outstanding shares of Alkami as of December 31, 2024. These stockholders currently have, and likely will continue to have, significant influence with respect to the election of our board of directors and approval or disapproval of all significant corporate actions. The concentrated voting power of these stockholders could have the effect of delaying or preventing a significant corporate transaction, including an acquisition, divestiture, or merger. This influence over our affairs could, under some circumstances, be adverse to the interests of the other stockholders.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws contain provisions that could delay or prevent a change in control of our company. These provisions could also make it more difficult for stockholders to elect directors and take other corporate actions. These provisions include:

•a classified board of directors with three-year staggered terms, which may delay the ability of stockholders to change the membership of a majority of our board of directors;

•no cumulative voting in the election of directors, which limits the ability of minority stockholders to elect director candidates;

•the exclusive right of our board of directors to elect a director to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of the board of directors or the resignation, death or removal of a director, which prevents stockholders from being able to fill vacancies on our board of directors;

•the ability of our board of directors to authorize the issuance of shares of preferred stock and to determine the price and other terms of those shares, including preferences and voting rights, without stockholder approval, which could be used to significantly dilute the ownership of a hostile acquiror;

•the ability of our board of directors to alter our amended and restated bylaws without obtaining stockholder approval;

•the required approval of at least 66 2/3% of the shares entitled to vote at an election of directors to adopt, amend or repeal our amended and restated bylaws or to repeal certain provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, including anti-takeover provisions related to our classified board of directors, voting in the election of directors, rights to fill board vacancies, the ability of our board of directors to alter our amended and restated bylaws without stockholder approval, the inability of stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or to take action, including the removal of directors;

•a prohibition on stockholder action by written consent, which forces stockholder action to be taken at an annual or special meeting of our stockholders;

•the requirement that a special meeting of stockholders may be called only by our board of directors, which may delay the ability of our stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or to take action, including the removal of directors; and

•advance notice procedures that stockholders must comply with in order to nominate candidates to our board of directors or to propose matters to be acted upon at a stockholders’ meeting, which may discourage or deter a potential acquiror from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquiror’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us.

These and other provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws and under Delaware law could discourage potential takeover attempts, reduce the price investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock and result in the market price of our common stock being lower than it would be without these provisions.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws provide that: (i) unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if such court does not have subject matter jurisdiction thereof, the federal district court of the State of Delaware) will, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for: (A) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company, (B) any action asserting a claim for or based on a breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our current or former director, officer, other employee, agent or stockholder to the Company or our stockholders, including, without limitation, a claim alleging the aiding and abetting of such a breach of fiduciary duty, (C) any action asserting a claim against the Company or any of our current or former directors, officers, other employees, agents or stockholders arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law or our certificate of incorporation or bylaws or as to which the Delaware General Corporation Law confers jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, or (D) any action asserting a claim related to or involving the Company that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine; (ii) unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America will, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder; (iii) the exclusive forum provisions are intended to benefit and may be enforced by the Company, our officers and directors, the underwriters to any offering giving rise to such complaint, and any other professional or entity whose profession gives authority to a statement made by that person or entity and who has prepared or certified any part of the documents underlying the offering; (iv) any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring or holding any interest in shares of capital stock of the Company will be deemed to have notice of and consented to these provisions; and (v) failure to enforce the foregoing provisions would cause us irreparable harm, and we will be entitled to equitable relief, including injunctive relief and specific performance, to enforce the foregoing provisions. Nothing in our current certificate of incorporation or bylaws or our restated certificate of incorporation or amended and restated bylaws precludes stockholders that assert claims under the Exchange Act from bringing such claims in federal court, to the extent that the Exchange Act confers exclusive federal jurisdiction over such claims, subject to applicable law.

We have developed and implemented a cybersecurity risk management program intended to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our critical systems and information. Our cybersecurity risk management program is based on principles set forth in the Secure Controls Framework (SCF). This does not imply that we meet any particular technical standards, specifications, or requirements, only that we use the SCF as a guide to help us identify, assess, and manage cybersecurity risks relevant to our business.

Key elements of our cybersecurity risk management program include:

•a security team principally responsible for managing our security controls and our response to cybersecurity incidents;

•a compliance team principally responsible for managing our risk assessments, which are designed to help identify material cybersecurity risks to our critical systems and information;

•the use of external service providers, where appropriate, to assess, test or otherwise assist with aspects of our security processes;

•cybersecurity awareness training for our employees, incident response personnel, and senior management; 

•a cybersecurity incident response plan that includes procedures for responding to cybersecurity incidents; and

•a third-party risk management process for partners and vendors.

Our cybersecurity risk management program is a key component of our overall process concerning assessment and management of enterprise risk. Risks relating to cybersecurity, data privacy and other information technology risks are overseen by the Information Systems Audit Committee of the Board (the “IS Audit Committee”), and the assessment and management of other enterprise-level risks are overseen by the Audit Committee of the Board.

We face certain continuing and ongoing material risks from cybersecurity threats, which the SEC defines as any potential unauthorized occurrence on or conducted through our information systems that may result in adverse effects on the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of our information systems or any information residing therein. See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Cybersecurity or Data Privacy—A breach or other compromise of our security measures or those of third parties we rely on could materially and adversely impact our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.” Otherwise, however, we have not identified risks from known cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any prior cybersecurity incidents, that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect us, including our operations, business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition.

Our board of directors considers cybersecurity risk as part of its risk oversight function and has delegated to the IS Audit Committee oversight of cybersecurity, data privacy and other information technology risks. The IS Audit Committee oversees management’s implementation of our cybersecurity risk management program. 

The IS Audit Committee receives quarterly reports from management on our cybersecurity risks. In addition, management updates the IS Audit Committee, as necessary, regarding significant cybersecurity incidents. 

The IS Audit Committee reports to the full board of directors regarding its activities, including those related to cybersecurity. Our board of directors also receives briefings from our Chief Information Security Officer (“CISO”) and Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) on our cybersecurity risk management program. Directors receive presentations on cybersecurity topics from our CISO as part of the board of directors’ continuing education.

Although our CISO resigned in January of 2025, we have elevated an internal candidate to the role of interim CISO while we search for a replacement. As designed, our CISO and CCO are members of the management team and are primarily responsible for assessing and managing our material risks from cybersecurity threats, as well as our overall cybersecurity risk management program.

As designed, our CISO is responsible for supervising both our internal cybersecurity personnel and our retained external cybersecurity consultants. Our interim CISO’s experience includes over 20 years of helping to build global cybersecurity programs in various industries. Our CCO, who is responsible for our technology risk management program, has over 25 years of experience building and leading risk management and compliance programs in large institutions across multiple geographies.

Our management team, led by our CISO and CCO, stays informed about and monitors efforts to prevent, detect, mitigate, and remediate cybersecurity risks and incidents through various means, which may include briefings from internal security personnel, threat intelligence and external consultants engaged by us, and alerts and reports produced by security tools deployed in the information technology environment. 

Our principal executive offices are located in Plano, Texas. The leased space in Plano, Texas has approximately 83,939 square feet with a remaining term until August 31, 2033. We believe our current facilities will be adequate for our needs for the current term.

From time to time, we may become involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business. Our management believes that there are no claims or actions pending against us, the ultimate disposition of which would have a material impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Our common stock has been listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “ALKT” since April 15, 2021. Prior to that date, there was no public trading market for our common stock. Our initial public offering (“IPO”) was priced at $30.00 per share on April 15, 2021.

As of December 31, 2024, we had 16 holders of record of our common stock. The actual number of stockholders is greater than this number of record holders, and includes stockholders who are beneficial owners, but whose shares are held in street name by brokers and other nominees. This number of holders of record also does not include stockholders whose shares may be held in trust by other entities.

We have never declared nor paid any cash dividends on our common stock. Any future determination to declare cash dividends on our common stock will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, general business conditions and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. We do not anticipate paying cash dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future.

On April 15, 2021, we completed our IPO, in which we issued and sold 6,900,000 shares of our common stock, including 900,000 shares of common stock that were sold pursuant to the exercise in full of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares of common stock at $30.00 per share. The offering terminated after the sale of all securities registered pursuant to the IPO Registration Statement. Our IPO resulted in net proceeds of $192.8 million after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and other offering costs. With the proceeds from our IPO, the Company paid in full accumulated dividends on our previously outstanding shares of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock, which totaled approximately $5.0 million. The remainder of the net proceeds were used for general corporate purposes, including working capital and operating expenses. As of December 31, 2024, we had used all of the net proceeds from our IPO.

This performance graph shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or incorporated by reference into any Company filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.

The graph set forth below compares the cumulative total stockholder return on our common stock between April 14, 2021 (the date of our IPO) and December 31, 2024, with the cumulative total return of the S&P 1500 Application Software Index (“SP1500 ASI”) and the Russell 2000 Index (“RUT”). This graph assumes the investment of $100 at the closing stock price on April 14, 2021 in our common stock and the S&P 1500 Application Software Index and Russell 2000 Index, and assumes the reinvestment of dividends, if any. Note that historic stock price performance is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.

We did not repurchase any of our equity securities during the three months ended December 31, 2024.

Alkami was founded to help level the playing field for FIs. Since then, our vision has been to create a platform that combines premium technology and fintech solutions in one integrated ecosystem, delivered as a software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) solution and providing our clients’ customers with a single point of access to all things digital. We have invested significant resources to build a technology stack that prioritized innovation velocity and speed-to-market given the importance of product depth and functionality in winning and retaining clients. In October 2020, we acquired ACH Alert, LLC (“ACH Alert”) to pursue adjacent product opportunities, such as fraud prevention and to expand our addressable market. In September 2021, we acquired MK Decisioning Systems, LLC (“MK”), a technology platform for digital account opening, credit card and loan origination solutions. In April 2022, we acquired Segmint, Inc. (“Segmint”), a leading cloud-based financial data analytics and transaction data cleansing provider.

During 2024, we established a new subsidiary in India to support potential future operational needs. As of December 31, 2024, this entity had immaterial operations and did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial results. We will continue to assess the impact of this entity as operations evolve.

Our domain expertise in retail and business banking has enabled us to develop a suite of products tailored to address key challenges faced by FIs. Due to our architecture, adding products through our single code base is fast, simple and cost-effective. The key differentiators of the Alkami Digital Banking Platform include:

•User experience: Personalized and seamless digital experience across user interaction points, including desktop, mobile, chat and SMS, establishing durable connections between FIs and their customers.

•Integrations: Scalability and extensibility driven by more than 300 real-time integrations to back-office systems and third-party fintech solutions as of December 31, 2024, including core systems, payment cards, mortgages, bill pay, electronic documents, money movement, personal financial management and account opening.

•Deep data capabilities: Data synchronized and stored from back-office systems and third-party fintech solutions and synthesized into meaningful insights, targeted content, and other areas of monetization.

The Alkami Digital Banking Platform offers an end-to-end set of digital banking products. Our typical relationship with an FI begins with a set of core functional components, which can extend over time to include a rounded suite of products across account opening, marketing, data insights, card experience, money movement, customer service, business banking, financial wellness, security and fraud protection and extensibility.

We primarily go to market through an internal sales force. Given the long-term nature of our Alkami Digital Banking Platform contracts, a typical sales cycle can range from approximately three to 12 months, with the subsequent implementation timeframe generally ranging from six to 12 months depending on the depth of integration.

We derive our Alkami Digital Banking Platform revenues almost entirely from multi-year contracts that are based on an average contract life of approximately 70 months as of December 31, 2024. We predominantly employ a per-registered-user pricing model, with incremental fees above certain contractual client minimum commitments for each licensed solution. In these cases, our pricing is tiered, with per-registered-user discounts applied as clients achieve higher levels of customer penetration, incentivizing our clients to internally market and promote digital engagement.

To support our growth and capitalize on our market opportunity, we have increased our operating expenses across all aspects of our business. In research and development, we continue to focus on innovation and bringing novel capabilities to our platform, extending our product depth. Similarly, we continue to expand our sales and marketing organization focusing on new client wins, cross-selling opportunities and client For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, our total revenues were $333.8 million, $264.8 million, and $204.3 million, respectively, representing a growth rate of 26.1% from 2023 to 2024 and 29.6% from 2022 to 2023.

renewals.

SaaS subscription revenues, as further described below, represented 95.6%, 95.3%, and 95.2% of total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. We incurred net losses of $40.8 million, $62.9 million, and $58.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively, largely due to significant continued investment in sales, marketing, product development and post-sales client activities.

Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. On July 1, 2024, the Company entered into a Second Amendment to its Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of April 29, 2022, which, among other things, extended the maturity date of the revolving commitment, increased the amount of the revolving loan commitment, increased the according feature, and modified certain existing covenants. See Note 7 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details.

Secondary Offering of Common Stock. On August 8, 2024, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement with J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and entities affiliated with General Atlantic, L.P., S3 Ventures Fund III, L.P., George B. Kaiser and Brian R. Smith (collectively, the “Selling Stockholders”), relating to an underwritten secondary offering of an aggregate of 5.0 million shares of the Company’s common stock. Pursuant to the underwriting agreement, the Selling Stockholders sold all 5.0 million shares of common stock. This offering closed on August 12, 2024. On November 6, 2024, the Company entered into a subsequent underwriting agreement with J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Selling Stockholders relating to an underwritten secondary offering of an aggregate of 7.5 million shares of common stock. This offering closed on November 8, 2024. Pursuant to the underwriting agreement, the Selling Stockholders sold all 7.5 million shares of common stock. The Company did not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of shares by the Selling Stockholders for either offering.

Acquisition of MANTL. On February 27, 2025, the Company entered into an agreement to acquire Fin Technologies, Inc. dba MANTL. MANTL provides onboarding and account opening solutions that allow financial institutions to acquire commercial, business, and retail customers through a variety of channels for many deposit account types. Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, the Company has agreed to acquire MANTL for approximately $380 million, subject to customary purchase price adjustments. The Company is evaluating various financing options to meet the net cash requirements of the acquisition, which may include utilizing cash and marketable securities, drawing on its credit facility, or leveraging its universal shelf registration to issue equity securities, equity-linked securities, or debt instruments. See Form 8-K filed on February 27, 2025 for additional information.

Third Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. In connection with the acquisition of MANTL, on February 27, 2025, the Company entered into a Third Amendment to the its Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of April 29, 2022, which, among other things, extended the maturity date of the revolving commitment, increased the amount of the revolving loan commitment, permits certain convertible indebtedness and equity derivative transactions, subject to certain restrictions, and modified certain covenants. See Note 17 to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Growing our FI Client Base. A key part of our strategy is to grow our FI client base. As of December 31, 2024, we served 272 FIs through the Alkami Digital Banking Platform and over 750 clients when including unique clients only subscribing to one or a combination of ACH Alert, MK or Segmint products. Each of our digital banking client wins is a competitive takeaway, and as such, our historical ability to grow our client base has been a function of product depth, technological excellence and a sales and marketing function able to match our solutions with the strategic objectives of our clients. Our future success will significantly depend on our ability to continue to grow our FI client base through competitive wins.

Deepening Client Customer Penetration. We primarily generate revenues through a per-registered-user pricing model. Once we onboard a client, our ability to help drive incremental client customer digital adoption translates to additional revenues with very limited additional spend. Our FI clients are incentivized to market and encourage digital account sign-up based on identifiable improvement in customer engagement, as well as discounts received based on certain levels of customer penetration. We expect to continue to support digital adoption by client customers through continued investments in new products and platform enhancements. Our future success will depend on our ability to continue to deepen client customer penetration.

Expanding our Product Suite. Product depth is a key determinant in winning new clients. In a replacement market, we win based on our ability to bring a product suite to market that is superior to the incumbent, as well as to our broader competition. Of equal importance is the ability to cohesively deliver a deep product suite with as little friction as possible to the client customer. The depth of our product suite is a function of technology and platform partnerships. Our platform model with more than 300 integrations as of December 31, 2024 enables us to deliver thousands of configurations aligned with the digital platform strategies adopted by our clients. We expect our future success in winning new clients to be partially driven by our ability to continue to develop and deliver new, innovative products to FI clients in a timely manner. Furthermore, expanding our product suite expands our Revenue per Registered User (“RPU”) potential. For additional information regarding RPU, see “Key Business Metrics.”

Client Renewals. Our model and the stability of our revenue base is, in part, driven by our ability to renew our clients. In addition to extending existing relationships, renewals provide an opportunity to grow minimum contract value, as over the course of a contract term our clients often grow, or their needs evolve. Client renewals are also an important lever in driving our long-term gross margin targets, as we generally achieve approximately 70% gross margin upon renewal.

We had 42 client renewals in the year ended December 31, 2024. We expect client renewals to continue to play a key role in our future success.

Continued Leadership in Innovation. Our ability to maintain a differentiated platform and offering is dependent upon our pace of innovation. Our single code base, built on a multi-tenant infrastructure and combined with continuous software delivery enables us to bring new, innovative products to market quickly and positions us with what we believe is market-leading breadth in terms of product offerings and feature sets. We remain committed to investing in our platform, notably through our research and development spend, which was 28.8% of our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024. Our future success will depend on our continued leadership in innovation.

Our client relationships are predominantly based on multi-year contracts for the Alkami Digital Banking Platform that have had an average contract life of approximately 70 months as of December 31, 2024. We derive the majority of our revenues from SaaS subscription services charged for the use of our digital banking solution. Subscription services are recognized over time on a ratable basis over the client agreement term beginning on the date our solution is made available to our client. The promised consideration may include fixed or variable amounts. Our clients with enterprise license contracts are invoiced on an agreed upon monthly rate throughout the contract term, which may include fixed monthly or annual rate escalations. Fixed dollar or percentage escalations that are not based on registered users are considered part of the fixed transaction price and recognized on a straight-line basis over the SaaS subscription period evenly. The majority of our client contracts are based on registered users, which we invoice monthly a contractual minimum fee for each licensed solution. In addition, we invoice monthly an additional subscription fee for the number of registered users using each solution and the number of bill-pay and certain other transactions those registered users conduct through our digital banking platform in excess of their contractual client minimum commitments. Our pricing is tiered, with per-registered-user discounts applied as clients achieve higher levels of customer penetration, incentivizing our clients to internally market our products and promote digital engagement. Variable consideration earned for subscription fees in excess of contractual minimums is recognized as revenues in the month of actual usage. SaaS subscription services also include annual and monthly charges for maintenance and support services, which are recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract term.

We receive implementation and other upfront fees for the implementation, configuration and integration of our digital banking platform. We typically invoice these services as a fixed price per contract. These fees are not distinct from the underlying licensed SaaS subscription services. As a result, we recognize the resulting revenues on a straight-line basis over the client’s initial agreement term for our licensed SaaS solutions, commencing upon launch.

Occasionally, our clients request custom development and other professional services, which we provide. These are generally one-time requests and involve unique, non-standard features, functions, conversions, or integrations that are intended to enhance or modify their licensed SaaS solutions. We recognize revenues at the point in time the services are transferred to the client.

The following disaggregates our revenues for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 by major source:

See Note 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional detail.

    

Cost of revenues is comprised primarily of salaries and other personnel-related costs, including employee benefits, bonuses, stock-based compensation, travel and related costs for employees supporting our SaaS subscription, implementation and other services. This includes the costs of our implementation, client support and development personnel responsible for maintaining and releasing updates to our platform, as well as third-party cloud-based hosting services. Cost of revenues also includes the direct costs of bill-pay services and other third-party intellectual property included in our solutions, depreciation, and the amortization of acquired technology.

We capitalize certain personnel costs directly related to the implementation of our solutions to the extent those costs are recoverable from future revenues. We amortize the costs for an implementation once revenue recognition commences. The amortization period is typically five to seven years, which represents the expected period of client benefit. Other costs not directly recoverable from future revenues are expensed in the period incurred.

We intend to continue to increase our investments in our implementation, client support teams and technology infrastructure to serve our clients and support our growth. We expect cost of revenues to continue to grow in absolute dollars as we grow our business, but to vary as a percentage of revenues from period to period as a function of the utilization of implementation and support personnel and the extent to which we recognize fees from bill-pay services and other third-party functionality integrated into our solutions.

Our gross margin for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 was 58.9%, 54.4%, and 53.0%, respectively.

The major components of cost of revenues are represented in the following table as percentages of revenues for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively:

Research and Development. Research and development costs consist primarily of personnel-related costs for our engineering, information technology and product employees, including salaries, bonuses, other incentive-related compensation, employee benefits and stock-based compensation. In addition, we also include third-party contractor expenses, software development and testing tools, allocated corporate expenses and other expenses related to developing new solutions and upgrading and enhancing existing solutions. We expect research and development costs to increase as we expand our platform with new features and functionality, as well as enhance the existing Alkami Digital Banking Platform.

Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs of our sales, marketing and our client success employees, including salaries, bonuses, commissions, other incentive-related compensation, employee benefits and stock-based compensation. Sales and marketing expenses also include travel and related costs, outside consulting fees and marketing programs, including lead generation, costs of our annual client conference, advertising, trade shows and other event expenses. We expect sales and marketing expenses will continue to increase as we expand our direct sales teams to pursue our market opportunity.

General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs for our executive, finance, legal, human resources, information technology, security and compliance and other administrative employees, including salaries, bonuses, commissions, other incentive-related compensation, employee benefits and stock-based compensation. General and administrative expenses also include accounting, auditing and legal professional services fees, secondary offering costs, travel and other unallocated corporate-related expenses, such as the cost of our facilities, employee relations, corporate telecommunication and software. We expect that general and administrative expenses will continue to increase as we scale our business and as we incur costs associated with being a publicly traded company, including legal, audit, business insurance and consulting fees.

Acquisition-Related Expenses, net. Acquisition-related expenses, net, include acquisition-related expenses primarily related to accrual of deferred compensation, legal, consulting and professional fees. In addition, these expenses are inclusive of any gain or loss on revaluation of contingent consideration.

Amortization of Acquired Intangibles. Amortization of acquired intangibles represents the amortization of intangible assets recorded in connection with our business acquisitions, which are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related assets.

Non-operating income (expense) consists primarily of interest income from our cash balances, interest expense from borrowings under our revolving line of credit, amortization of deferred debt costs, unrealized gains or losses on marketable securities and realized gains on sales of marketable securities.

Our effective tax rate differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to the impact of the valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets and state tax expense. As a result of our valuation allowance, provision for income taxes consists primarily of state income taxes and deferred taxes related to the tax amortization of acquired goodwill.

The results of operations presented below should be reviewed in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included elsewhere in this filing. The following table presents our selected consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022.

(1) Includes stock-based compensation expenses as follows:

The following table presents our reconciliation of GAAP net loss to adjusted EBITDA for the periods indicated.

(1) Pursuant to the requirements of the Fourth Amended and Restated Investors’ Rights Agreement, dated as of September 24, 2020, by and among the Company and the investors listed therein, the Company incurred secondary offering costs on behalf of the Selling Stockholders related to the offerings closed on August 12, 2024 and November 8, 2024.

(2) Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure and should not be considered an alternative to GAAP net loss as a measure of operating performance or as a measure of liquidity. For additional information regarding adjusted EBITDA, see “Key Business Metrics.”

Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure and should not be considered an alternative to GAAP net loss as a measure of operating performance or as a measure of liquidity. We define adjusted EBITDA as net loss before provision (benefit) for income taxes; (gain) loss on financial instruments; interest (income) expense, net; depreciation and amortization; stock-based compensation expense; secondary offering costs; acquisition-related expenses, net; and loss on extinguishment of debt. We believe adjusted EBITDA provides investors and other users of our financial information consistency and comparability with our past financial performance and facilitates period-to-period comparisons of operations.

Annual Recurring Revenue (ARR). We calculate ARR by aggregating annualized recurring revenue related to SaaS subscription services recognized in the last month of the reporting period, as well as the next 12 months of expected implementation services revenues in the last month of the reporting period. We believe ARR provides important information about our future revenue potential, our ability to acquire new clients, and our ability to maintain and expand our relationship with existing clients.

Registered Users. We define a registered user as an individual or business related to an account holder of an FI client on our digital banking platform who has registered to use one or more of our solutions and has current access to use those solutions as of the last day of the reporting period presented. We price our digital banking platform based on the number of registered users, so as the number of registered users of our digital banking platform increases, our ARR grows. We believe growth in the number of registered users provides important information about our ability to expand market adoption of our digital banking platform and its associated software products, and therefore to grow revenues over time.

Revenue per Registered User (RPU). We calculate RPU by dividing ARR as of the last day of the reporting period by the number of registered users as of the last day of the reporting period. We believe RPU provides important information about our ability to grow the number of software products adopted by new clients over time, as well as our ability to expand the number of software products that our existing clients add to their contracts with us over time.

Revenues increased $69.0 million, or 26.1%, for 2024 compared to 2023. The increase in revenues was primarily due to registered user growth of 2.5 million, comprised of 1.3 million in registered user growth from existing clients and 1.2 million in registered users from new clients implemented through our digital banking platform (contractual minimums). In addition, increased revenues were due to RPU growth of 7.1%. RPU growth was primarily driven by cross-sell activity to existing clients and higher average RPU of new clients implemented on our digital banking platform compared to aggregate RPU. The average RPU of users from new clients implemented on our digital platform in the last year of $21.70 is 21.8% higher than the aggregate RPU as of December 31, 2024.

Cost of revenues increased $16.5 million, or 13.7%, for 2024 compared to 2023, generating a gross margin of 58.9% for 2024 compared to a gross margin of 54.4% for 2023. The increase in cost of revenues was primarily driven by $14.6 million in higher costs of our third-party partners where we resell their solutions as part of the digital platform, and a $0.6 million increase in personnel-related costs (which includes a decrease in stock-based compensation of $0.2 million) resulting from headcount increases supporting our growth in the following teams: client implementation, site reliability engineering and client support, as well as higher miscellaneous other costs of $1.7 million. These expenses were partially offset by a decrease in hosting costs of $0.4 million.

Research and development expenses increased $11.6 million, or 13.6%, for 2024 compared to 2023, primarily due to a $5.8 million increase in personnel-related costs (which includes stock-based compensation of $1.3 million) resulting primarily from headcount growth, $5.4 million in higher consulting costs, $1.1 million in higher hosting costs, and higher miscellaneous other costs of $0.7 million. These expenses were partially offset by an increase of $1.4 million in capitalized development costs.

Sales and marketing expenses increased $11.2 million, or 23.1%, for 2024 compared to 2023. The increase was primarily due to an $8.6 million increase in personnel-related costs (which includes stock-based compensation of $1.8 million) resulting primarily from headcount growth in our sales and marketing teams. In addition, we incurred $1.7 million in higher consulting costs, and $1.0 million in higher travel costs for our sales team. These expenses are partially offset by lower miscellaneous other costs of $0.1 million.

General and administrative expenses increased $10.8 million, or 14.7%, for 2024 compared to 2023. The increase was primarily due to a $6.5 million increase in personnel-costs (which includes stock-based compensation of $5.3 million) resulting primarily from headcount growth, higher audit and consulting fees of $2.4 million, higher software costs of $1.7 million, and $1.3 million of secondary offering costs. These expenses are partially offset by $1.1 million lower miscellaneous other costs.

Acquisition-related expenses, net was $0.2 million and $0.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Amortization of acquired intangibles was $1.4 million for both of the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Non-operating income increased $3.3 million for 2024 compared to 2023, primarily due to a $3.4 million increase in net interest income and a reduction in loss on extinguishment of debt of $0.4 million, partially offset by a $0.5 million reduction in gain on financial instruments related to marketable securities.

The Company recorded a provision for income taxes of $0.3 million and less than $0.1 million, resulting in an effective tax rate of (0.8)% and (0.1)% for 2024 and 2023, respectively.

As a result of our valuation allowance, provision for income taxes consists primarily of current state income taxes and deferred taxes related to the tax amortization of acquired goodwill.

The difference in the effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to 2023 is primarily the result of increased current state tax expense in 2024 as compared to 2023.

Our effective tax rate differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to the impact of the valuation allowance against the Company’s deferred tax assets.

As of December 31, 2024, we had $115.7 million in cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities, and an accumulated deficit of $476.2 million. Our net losses have been driven by our investments in developing our digital banking platform, expanding our sales, marketing and implementation organizations, and scaling our administrative functions to support our rapid growth.

We have financed our operations primarily through cash generated from the sale of SaaS subscription services. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including revenue growth and costs incurred to support client usage and growth in our client base, increased research and development expenses to support the growth of our business and related infrastructure, increased general and administrative expenses associated with being a publicly traded company, investments in office facilities and other capital expenditure requirements and any potential future acquisitions or other strategic transactions.

We believe that our existing cash resources, including our Amended Credit Agreement, will be sufficient to finance our continued operations, growth strategy, planned capital expenditures and the additional expenses we expect to incur as a public company for the short term (at least the next 12 months) and longer term (beyond the next 12 months). We may, from time to time, seek to raise additional capital to support our growth. Any equity financing we may undertake could be dilutive to our existing stockholders, and any additional debt financing we may undertake could require debt service and financial and operational requirements that could adversely affect our business.

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:

During the year ended December 31, 2024, net cash provided by operating activities was $18.6 million, which consisted of a net loss of $40.8 million, adjusted by non-cash charges of $69.2 million, and net cash outflows from the change in net operating assets and liabilities of $9.8 million. The non-cash charges were primarily comprised of depreciation and amortization expense of $10.5 million, stock-based compensation expense of $59.4 million, and other net activity of $0.3 million, partially offset by accrued interest on marketable securities of $1.1 million. The net cash outflows from the change in our net operating assets and liabilities were primarily due to an $8.6 million increase in deferred costs, $4.0 million increase in prepaid expenses and other assets, and a $3.2 million increase in accounts receivable, partially offset by a $3.3 million increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and a $2.7 million increase in deferred revenues.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash used in operating activities was $17.5 million, which consisted of a net loss of $62.9 million, adjusted by non-cash charges of $58.2 million and net cash outflows from the change in net operating assets and liabilities of $12.8 million. The non-cash charges were primarily comprised of depreciation and amortization expense of $10.6 million and stock-based compensation expense of $51.2 million, partially offset by accrued interest on marketable securities of $3.2 million, and other net activity of $0.4 million. The net cash outflows from the change in our net operating assets and liabilities were primarily due to an $7.7 million increase in deferred costs and a $9.3 million increase in accounts receivable, partially offset by a $3.6 million increase in deferred revenues, a $0.4 million decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets, and a $0.1 million increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, net cash provided by investing activities was $23.0 million, primarily consisting of $71.3 million in proceeds from sales, maturities, and redemptions of marketable securities, partially offset by $40.4 million for the purchase of marketable securities, $6.7 million related to capitalized software development costs, and capital expenditures related to updates for computer and other equipment of $1.2 million.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash provided by investing activities was $33.9 million, primarily consisting of $181.0 million in proceeds from sales, maturities, and redemptions of marketable securities, partially offset by $140.8 million for the purchase of marketable securities, $5.2 million related to capitalized software development costs, and capital expenditures related to updates for computer and other equipment of $1.1 million.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, net cash provided by financing activities was $11.8 million, which was primarily due to proceeds of $20.2 million from stock option exercises to purchase 2.6 million shares of common stock and proceeds from issuances under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) of $4.7 million, partially offset by payments for taxes related to net settlement of equity awards of $12.8 million and debt issuance costs of $0.4 million.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash used in financing activities was $87.8 million, which was primarily due to $85.0 million of principal payments on term debt, payments for taxes related to net settlement of equity awards of $16.0 million, payment of an acquisition related holdback of $3.6 million and debt issuance costs paid of $0.3 million, partially offset by proceeds of $13.0 million from the exercise of stock options to purchase 2.2 million shares of our common stock and proceeds from issuances under the ESPP of $4.1 million.

On July 1, 2024, the Company entered into a Second Amendment (the “Second Amendment”) to the Company’s Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of April 29, 2022 (as amended, the “Amended Credit Agreement”), with Silicon Valley Bank, a division of First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company, as administrative agent, and other lenders party thereto. The Second Amendment, among other things, (i) extended the maturity date of the revolving commitment (“Revolving Facility”) from April 29, 2026 to April 29, 2027, (ii) increased the amount of the Revolving Facility commitment by $65.0 million, for a total Revolving Facility of $125.0 million, (iii) increased the accordion feature from $50.0 million to $100.0 million, (iv) modified certain existing covenants, including increasing the minimum trailing four quarters free cash flow requirement to $(25.0) million, and (v) for any fiscal quarter ending after the financial covenant trigger date (which was extended to April 28, 2026 or such earlier date as designated by the Company) (the “Financial Covenant Trigger Date”), replaced compliance with a fixed charge coverage ratio with compliance with a minimum interest coverage ratio of 3.0x. Revolving Facility loans under the Amended Credit Agreement may be voluntarily prepaid and re-borrowed. The Amended Credit Agreement previously provided for a term loan, which was fully repaid in December 2023 and cannot be re-borrowed. The Company has no outstanding borrowings as of December 31, 2024 related to the Amended Credit Agreement.

The Amended Credit Agreement also contains customary events of default, which if they occur, could result in the termination of commitments under the Amended Credit Agreement, the declaration that all outstanding loans are immediately due and payable in whole or in part, and the requirement to maintain cash collateral deposits in respect of outstanding letters of credit. The Company was in compliance with all covenants as of December 31, 2024.

Total interest expense, including commitment fees and unused line fees, for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 was $0.5 million, $7.4 million and $3.9 million, respectively. In conjunction with closing the Amended Credit Agreement in 2022, First Amendment in 2023, and Second Amendment in 2024, we incurred issuance costs of $0.9 million, $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively, which were deferred and were scheduled to be amortized over the remaining term of the agreement. Unamortized debt issuance costs totaled $0.5 million, $0.3 million, and $0.7 million as of December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 respectively. Amortization expense totaled $0.2 million, $0.4 million, and $0.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

During the periods presented, we did not have, and we do not currently have, any off-balance sheet financing arrangements or any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, including entities sometimes referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, that were established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.

The Company believes it has sufficient liquidity to fund its operations and meet its short-term and long-term obligations. The Company's material future obligations include the contractual and purchase commitments described below.

We have material future purchase commitments for services which are legally binding and that specify all significant terms including price and/or quantity. Total future commitments for these obligations over the next five years is $95.2 million. Of this amount, $38.4 million is due within the next 12 months. Refer to Note 12 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.

Additionally, we have operating leases for real estate and equipment that include future minimum payments with initial terms of one year or more. Total future operating lease payments at December 31, 2024 are $25.7 million. Within the next 12 months, operating lease payments are expected to be $2.7 million.

Refer to Note 13 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.

In preparing our consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, we must make decisions that impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the related disclosures. Such decisions include the selection of the appropriate accounting principles to be applied and the assumptions on which to base accounting estimates. In reaching such decisions, we apply judgments based on our understanding and analysis of relevant circumstances, historical experience, and actuarial valuations. Actual amounts could differ from those estimated at the time the consolidated financial statements are prepared.

Our most significant accounting policies, including Revenue Recognition and Business Combinations, are described in Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Some of those significant accounting policies require us to make difficult, subjective, or complex judgments, or estimates. An accounting estimate is considered to be critical if it meets both of the following criteria: (i) the estimate requires assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the accounting estimate is made, and (ii) different estimates reasonably could have been used, or changes in the estimate that are reasonably likely to occur from period to period may have a material impact on the presentation of our financial condition, changes in financial condition, or results of operations. Our most critical accounting estimates include the following:

We derive the majority of our revenues from SaaS subscription services charged for the use of our digital banking solutions. SaaS subscription services are generally recognized as revenues over the term of the contract as a series of distinct SaaS services bundled into a single performance obligation. Clients are typically charged a one-time, upfront implementation fee and recurring annual and monthly access fees for the use of our digital banking solution. Implementation and integration of the digital banking platform is complex, and we have determined that the one-time, upfront services are not distinct. In determining whether implementation services are distinct from subscription services, we considered various factors including the significant level of integration, interdependency, and interrelation between the implementation and subscription service, as well as the inability of the clients’ personnel or other service providers to perform significant portions of the services. As a result, we defer any arrangement fees for implementation services and recognize such amounts over time on a ratable basis as one performance obligation with the underlying subscription revenue commencing when the client goes live on the platform, which corresponds with the date the client obtains access to our digital banking solution and begins to benefit from the service.

Our performance obligation for the SaaS series of services includes standing ready over the term of the contract to provide access to all the clients’ customers and process any transactions initiated by those customers. We invoice clients each month for the contracted minimum number of registered users with an additional amount for registered users in excess of those minimums. We recognize variable consideration related to registered user counts in excess of the contractual minimum amounts each month. SaaS subscription revenues also include annual and monthly charges for maintenance and support services, which are recognized on a straight-line basis over the subscription term.

Our acquisitions are accounted for using the acquisition method of business combinations accounting. We recognize the consideration transferred (i.e., purchase price) in a business combination as well as the acquired business’ identifiable assets, liabilities, and any non-controlling interests at their acquisition date fair value. The excess of the consideration transferred over the fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities, and non-controlling interest, is recorded as goodwill in our consolidated financial statements. Several valuation methods may be used to determine the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. We use our best estimates and assumptions to assign fair value to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date. Our estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. Determining the useful life of an intangible asset also requires judgment as different types of intangible assets will have different useful lives and certain assets may even be considered to have indefinite useful lives. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, we may record adjustments to the fair value of these tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. In addition, uncertain tax positions and tax-related valuation allowances are initially recorded in connection with a business combination as of the acquisition date. We continue to collect information and reevaluate these estimates and assumptions quarterly and record any adjustments to our preliminary estimates to goodwill; provided that we are within the measurement period. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the fair value of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to our consolidated statements of operations. We use all available information to estimate fair values. We typically engage outside appraisal firms to assist in the fair value determination of identifiable intangible assets and any other significant assets or liabilities. We adjust the preliminary purchase price allocation, as necessary, up to one year after the acquisition closing date as we obtain more information regarding asset valuations and liabilities assumed.

For acquisitions involving additional consideration to be transferred to the selling parties in the event certain future events occur or conditions are met (“contingent consideration”), we recognize the acquisition date fair value of contingent consideration as part of the consideration transferred in exchange for the business combination. Contingent consideration meeting the criteria to be classified as equity in the consolidated balance sheets is not remeasured, and its subsequent settlement is recorded within stockholders’ equity (deficit). Contingent consideration classified as a liability is remeasured to fair value at each reporting date until the contingency is resolved, with any changes in fair value recognized in our consolidated statements of operations.

See Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements and future application of accounting standards.

We are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. Our market risk exposure is primarily the result of fluctuations in interest rates.

We are subject to interest rate risk in connection with our Amended Credit Agreement. Interest rate changes generally impact the amount of our interest payments and, therefore, our future net income and cash flows, assuming other factors held constant. Assuming the amounts outstanding under our Amended Credit Agreement are fully drawn, a hypothetical 10% change in interest rates would not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Our cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of interest-bearing accounts. Such interest-earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. To minimize interest rate risk in the future, we intend to maintain our portfolio of cash equivalents in a variety of investment-grade securities, which may include commercial paper, money market funds and government and non-government debt securities. Because of the short-term maturities of our cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities, we do not believe that an increase in market rates would have any significant negative impact on the realized value of our investments.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Alkami Technology, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework), and our report dated February 28, 2025 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2017.

We have audited Alkami Technology, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Alkami Technology, Inc. (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on the COSO criteria.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the 2024 consolidated financial statements of the Company and our report dated February 28, 2025 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

(1)Includes related party accounts payable of $0.3 million as of December 31, 2023. See Note 16.

(1) Includes amortization of acquired technology of $5.4 million, $5.4 million, and $3.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

(2) Includes fees paid to a related party of $6.2 million and $4.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, respectively. See Note 16.

(1)See Note 3 for additional information regarding noncash investing activities for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 related to capitalized software development costs.

(2)In 2024, material jurisdictions that are equal or greater than 5% of the total cash paid for taxes (in thousands) included Connecticut ($44), Idaho ($50), Minnesota ($35), New York ($31), New York City ($49), Pennsylvania ($34), and Texas ($58).

Alkami Technology, Inc. (the “Company”) is a cloud-based digital banking solutions provider. The Company inspires and empowers community, regional and super-regional financial institutions (“FIs”) to compete with large, technologically advanced and well-resourced banks in the United States. The Company’s solution, the Alkami Digital Banking Platform, allows FIs to onboard and engage new users, accelerate revenues and meaningfully improve operational efficiency, all with the support of a proprietary, true cloud-based, multi-tenant architecture. The Company cultivates deep relationships with its clients through long-term, subscription-based contractual arrangements, aligning its growth with its clients’ success and generating an attractive unit economic model. The Company was incorporated in Delaware in August 2011, and its principal offices are located in Plano, Texas.

The accompanying financial statements reflect the application of significant accounting policies as described below.

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) set by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). References to U.S. GAAP issued by the FASB in these notes are to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”). The consolidated financial statements include accounts of the Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated.

The Company has no sources of other comprehensive income, and accordingly, net loss presented each period is the same as comprehensive loss.

The Company has reclassified certain amounts in its notes to the consolidated financial statements in the prior periods to conform to current periods presentation.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Significant estimates and assumptions include determining the timing and amount of revenue recognition, recoverability and amortization period related to costs to obtain and fulfill contracts, deferred costs, revaluation of contingent consideration, and business combinations.

The Company operates as a single operating segment and is a single-reportable segment entity. The Company provides services to customers primarily under software-as-a-service arrangements. The Company derives revenue from customers located in the United States, and the CODM manages the business activities on a consolidated basis (see Note 4 for additional information regarding revenues). The measure of the Company’s single operating segment assets is reported on the consolidated balance sheets as total assets.

The Company's chief operating decision maker, or CODM, is the Chief Executive Officer. The financial information reviewed by the CODM is presented on a consolidated basis for the single operating segment for purposes of allocating resources, evaluating financial performance and monitoring budget versus actual results based on net loss that is also reported on the consolidated statements of operations as net loss. The significant expenses within net loss on which the CODM relies include those that are reported on the consolidated statements of operations. The measure of the Company's single operating segment assets is reported on the consolidated balance sheets as total assets. Substantially all of the Company's principal operations, assets and decision-making functions are located in the United States.

The fair value hierarchy is based on inputs to valuation techniques that are used to measure fair value that are either observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect a reporting entity’s pricing based upon their own market assumptions. The fair value hierarchy consists of the following three levels:

See Note 10 for additional information regarding fair value measurements.

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Certain cash equivalents held in marketable securities accounts may have related unrealized gains or losses that are recognized on the consolidated statements of operations.

See Note 10 for additional information regarding cash equivalent money market and marketable securities accounts.

The Company classifies its fixed income marketable securities as trading securities based on its intentions regarding these instruments. Accordingly, marketable securities are reported at fair value, with all realized gains and losses from sales of marketable securities and unrealized holding gains and losses reflected in the consolidated statements of operations.

Accounts receivable represents the trade receivables billed to clients and includes unbilled amounts earned and recognized as revenues prior to period end. The accounts receivable allowance reflects a reserve that reduces the Company’s client accounts receivable to the net amount estimated to be collectible. The valuation of accounts receivable is based upon the credit-worthiness of clients, historical collection experience, an estimate of future collectability, and current events. Management also analyzes historical trends of credits issued to clients and specific invoices to estimate an allowance for disputed invoices and billing errors.

The Company assesses the collectability of outstanding accounts receivable on an ongoing basis and maintains an allowance for credit losses for accounts receivable deemed uncollectible. The Company analyzes the accounts receivable portfolio for significant risks and considers prior periods and forecasts future collectability to determine the amount of revenues that will ultimately be collected from its customers. Identified risks pertaining to the Company’s accounts receivable include the delinquency level and customer type. Future collectability is contingent upon current and anticipated macroeconomic conditions that could impact the Company’s customers such as unemployment, inflation and regulation matters. Historically, the Company's collection experience has not varied significantly, and credit loss expenses have been insignificant.

The Company maintains reserves for estimated sales credits issued to customers for billing disputes or other service-related reasons. These allowances are recorded as a reduction against current period revenues and accounts receivable. In estimating this allowance, the Company analyzes prior periods to determine the amounts of sales credits issued to customers compared to the revenues in the period that related to the original customer invoice. This estimate is analyzed quarterly and adjusted as necessary. The Company also maintains specific reserves for anticipated contract concessions. Refer to Note 5 for additional information.

Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization, using the straight-line method based on estimated useful lives of the related assets. Leasehold improvements are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization, using the straight-line method over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures that increase the value or productive capacity of assets are capitalized. When property and equipment are retired, sold, or otherwise disposed of, the asset’s carrying amount and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated statements of operations.

Software development costs relate primarily to software coding, systems interfaces, and testing of the Company’s proprietary systems and are accounted for in accordance with ASC 350-40, Internal Use Software. Internal software development costs are capitalized from the time the internal use software is in the application development stage until the software is ready for use. Business analysis, system evaluation, and software maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. The capitalized software development costs are reported in property and equipment, net, in the consolidated balance sheets. Capitalized software development costs are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the software, generally, five years from when the asset is placed in service.

The Company capitalizes qualified development costs incurred when modifying certain internal use systems held through hosting arrangements. This is done in accordance with the requirements for capitalizing costs incurred to develop internal-use software. In accordance with current accounting guidance, these capitalized development costs are recorded within prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets and are amortized to software license expense over the remaining fixed, non-cancellable term of the associated hosting arrangement on a straight-line basis beginning on the in-service date.

The Company determines if a contract contains a lease for accounting purposes at the inception of the arrangement. The Company is primarily a lessee with a lease portfolio comprised mainly of real estate and equipment leases. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had no finance leases.

The Company has elected to apply the practical expedient which allows the Company to account for lease and non-lease components of a contract as a single leasing arrangement for the real estate asset class. Additionally, the Company elected the short-term lease exemption, whereby leases with initial terms of one year or less are not capitalized and instead expensed generally on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Operating lease assets are included on the Company's consolidated balance sheets in non-current assets as a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset, and represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term. Operating lease liabilities are included on the Company's consolidated balance sheets in lease liabilities, current portion, for the portion that is due within 12 months and in lease liabilities, net of current portion, for the portion that is due beyond 12 months of the financial statement date and represent the Company's obligation to make lease payments.

ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of the lease based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term using an appropriate discount rate. If an implicit rate is not readily determined by the Company's leases, the Company utilizes the incremental borrowing rate based on the available information at the commencement date to determine the lease payments. The depreciable lives of the underlying leased assets are generally limited to the expected lease term inclusive of any optional lease renewals where the Company concludes at the inception of the lease that the Company is reasonably certain of exercising those options. The ROU asset calculation may also include any initial direct costs paid and is reduced by any lease incentives provided by the lessor. Lease expense for operating lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

After the lease commencement date, the Company evaluates lease modifications, if any, that could result in a change in the accounting for leases. For a lease modification, an evaluation is performed to determine if it should be treated as either a separate lease or a change in the accounting of an existing lease. If determined to be a change in the accounting for an existing lease, the Company will remeasure the ROU asset and lease liability as of the modification date. If a lease modification includes a partial termination, the difference between any reduction in the ROU asset and lease liability is recorded to the consolidated statements of operations within general and administrative expenses.

The Company reviews long-lived assets, including property and equipment, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Impairment would be recognized if the estimated undiscounted future cash flows were less than the carrying value of the related assets. Therefore, the carrying amount of such assets would be reduced to fair value. There were no impairment charges for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022.

Client contracts under which revenues have been recognized while the Company is not yet able to invoice results in contract assets. Generally, contract assets arise as a result of reallocating revenues when discounts are more heavily weighted in the early years of a multi-year contract, or the client contract has substantive minimum fees that escalate over the term of the contract.

Contract liabilities are comprised of billings or payments received from the Company’s clients in advance of performance under the contract and are represented in deferred revenues in the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company capitalizes certain incremental costs of obtaining a client contract if the costs are deemed recoverable. Costs include commissions and bonuses earned by sales teams and leaders due to the execution of client contracts along with associated employer taxes. Capitalized amounts do not include commissions that are contingent on continued employment over a substantive service period. Contingent commissions are accrued as liabilities and expensed over the requisite employment service period. Deferred commissions are amortized over the benefit period of the client contract. Determining the expected benefit period over which to amortize deferred commissions requires judgment. The Company determines the expected benefit period based upon initial contract lengths, expected renewals and the expected benefit of the underlying technology.

The Company capitalizes certain costs to fulfill client contracts such as employee salaries, benefits, stock-based compensation and associated payroll taxes that are directly related to the implementation of its solutions and some third-party costs. The Company only capitalizes implementation costs that it anticipates will be recoverable under the contract. The Company begins amortizing deferred costs ratably over the expected period of client benefit once access to the SaaS solution is transferred to the client.

Deferred costs are amortized over the benefit period of the client contract.

The Company derives primarily all of its revenues from SaaS subscription services charged for the use of its digital banking solutions. Revenues are recognized net of the most likely amount of sales credits and allowances and presented net of sales and usage-based taxes collected from clients on behalf of governmental authorities. SaaS subscription services are generally recognized as revenue over the term of the contract as a series of distinct SaaS services bundled into a single performance obligation. Clients are typically charged a one-time, upfront implementation fee and recurring annual and monthly access fees for the use of the Company’s digital banking solution. Implementation and integration of the digital banking platform is complex, and the Company has determined that the one-time, upfront services are not distinct. In determining whether implementation services are distinct from subscription services, the Company considered various factors including the significant level of integration, interdependency, and interrelation between the implementation and subscription service, as well as the inability of the clients’ personnel or other service providers to perform significant portions of the services. As a result, the Company defers any arrangement fees for implementation services and recognizes such amounts over time on a ratable basis as one performance obligation with the underlying subscription revenue commencing when the client goes live on the platform, which corresponds with the date the client obtains access to the Company’s digital banking solution and begins to benefit from the service.

The Company’s performance obligation for the SaaS series of services includes standing ready over the term of the contract to provide access to all of the clients’ users and process any transactions initiated by those users. The Company invoices clients each month for the contracted minimum number of registered users with an additional amount for users in excess of those minimums. The Company recognizes variable consideration related to registered user counts in excess of the contractual minimum amounts each month. SaaS subscription revenues also includes annual and monthly charges for maintenance and support services that are recognized over the subscription term. As mentioned above, SaaS contracts include a single performance obligation that consists of a series of distinct SaaS services transferred over time that are substantially the same each month. Standalone selling prices (“SSP”) are not required to allocate revenue amongst the distinct services within the series.

As a part of its SaaS subscription services, the Company provides certain services within the SaaS platform using third-party applications. Contracts include monthly fees based on a minimum number of transactions and additional fees for transactions in excess of those minimums. Generally, minimum transaction fees are recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract term. Variable consideration earned for transactions in excess of contractual minimums is recognized as revenue in the month the actual transactions are processed. For those services that are processed by third-party applications, management evaluates whether the Company is acting as a principal or an agent based upon the transfer of control of the services to the customer. The Company first obtains control of the inputs to the specific application and directs their use to create the combined output. The Company’s control is evidenced by its involvement in the integration of the application on its platform before it is transferred to the client and is further supported by the Company being primarily responsible to the clients and having discretion in establishing pricing. After evaluating each of the applications used to provide SaaS services, the Company has determined that, generally, it is acting as the principal in these transactions. Accordingly, the Company records the revenue on a gross basis and the related expenses are recorded as a component of cost of revenues.

Cost of revenues is comprised primarily of salaries and other personnel-related costs, including employee benefits, bonuses, stock-based compensation, travel, and related costs for employees supporting SaaS subscription, implementation and other services. This includes the costs of the implementation, client support, development personnel responsible for maintaining and releasing updates to the platform, as well as third-party cloud-based hosting services. Cost of revenues also includes the direct costs of bill-pay services and other third-party intellectual property included in the Company’s solutions, the amortization of acquired technology, the amortization of capitalized internal use software, and depreciation.

Stock options are accounted for using the grant date fair value method. Under this method, stock-based compensation expense is measured by the estimated fair value of the granted stock options at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and recognized over the vesting period with a corresponding increase to additional paid-in capital.

The determination of the grant date fair value of stock-based awards using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model is affected by the Company’s fair value of common stock, as well as other subjective assumptions, including the volatility, risk-free interest rate, dividends, and weighted-average expected life.

In addition to assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, the Company estimates a forfeiture rate to calculate the stock-based compensation expense for its option awards. The Company’s forfeiture rate is based on an analysis of its actual forfeitures. The Company will continue to evaluate the appropriateness of the forfeiture rate based on actual forfeiture experience, analysis of employee turnover and other factors.

RSUs issued vest upon the satisfaction of a time-based condition only. These RSUs are generally earned over a service period of three to four years and the compensation expense related to these awards is based on the grant date fair value of the RSUs and is recognized on a ratable basis over the applicable service period.

The Company estimates a forfeiture rate to calculate the stock-based compensation expense for its RSU awards. The Company’s forfeiture rate is based on an analysis of its actual forfeitures. The Company will continue to evaluate the appropriateness of the forfeiture rate based on actual forfeiture experience, analysis of employee turnover and other factors.

The Company’s 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) permits employees to purchase the Company's common stock through payroll deductions during six-month offerings. The offering periods begin each May 16 and November 16, or such other period determined by the compensation committee. In accordance with the guidance in ASC 718-50 - Compensation - Stock Compensation, the ability to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock for 85% of the lower of the price on the first day of the offering period or the last day of the offering period (i.e., the purchase date) represents an option and, therefore, the ESPP is a compensatory plan. Accordingly, stock-based compensation expense is determined based on the grant-date fair value as estimated by applying the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and is recognized over the withholding period. The Company uses only the historical volatility as an input in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.

Basic loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period.

Diluted loss per share is calculated by giving effect to all potentially dilutive common stock, which is comprised of stock options, RSUs, and ESPP obligations, when determining the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding.

Research and development costs consist primarily of personnel-related costs for engineering, information technology and product employees, including salaries, bonuses, other incentive-related compensation, employee benefits and stock-based compensation. In addition, the Company also includes third-party contractor expenses, software development and testing tools, allocated corporate expenses, and other expenses related to developing new solutions and upgrading and enhancing existing solutions.

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs of sales, marketing and client success employees, including salaries, bonuses, commissions, other incentive-related compensation, employee benefits and stock-based compensation. Sales and marketing expenses also include travel and related costs, outside consulting fees and marketing programs, including lead generation, costs of the Company’s annual client conference, advertising, trade shows, and other event expenses. Advertising costs are expensed when incurred and were not significant for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022.

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs for our executive, finance, legal, human resources, information technology, security and compliance and other administrative employees, including salaries, bonuses, commissions, other incentive-related compensation, employee benefits and stock-based compensation. General and administrative expenses also include accounting, auditing and legal professional services fees, secondary offering costs, travel and other unallocated corporate-related expenses, such as the cost of our facilities, employee relations, corporate telecommunication and software.

Acquisition-related expenses, net, include acquisition-related expenses primarily related to accrual of deferred compensation, legal, consulting, and professional fees. In addition, these expenses are inclusive of any gain or loss on revaluation of contingent consideration.

Amortization of acquired intangibles represents the amortization of intangible assets recorded in connection with business acquisitions, which are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related assets.

Concentrations of credit risk arise from the Company’s revenues and accounts receivable. Management believes that its contract acceptance, billing, and collection policies are adequate to minimize potential credit risk. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, no client represented more than 10% of accounts receivable. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, no client represented more than 10% of revenues.

At times, cash deposits may exceed federally insured limits, and the Company is exposed to credit risk on deposits in the event of default by the FIs to the extent account balances exceed the amount insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). Management periodically assesses the financial condition of the institutions to assess credit risk. To date, the Company has not experienced such losses and believes it is not exposed to significant credit risk.

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities.

The Company invests its cash equivalents in highly rated money market funds. The Company’s marketable securities consist of debt securities issued by highly rated corporate entities, foreign governments, and the U.S. federal government.

The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between the financial statement basis and tax basis of assets and liabilities given the provisions of enacted tax law. Management reviews deferred tax assets to assess their future realization by considering all available evidence, both positive and negative, to determine whether a valuation allowance is needed for all or some portion of the deferred tax assets, using a “more likely than not” standard. The assessment considers, among other matters: historical losses, a forecast of future taxable income, the duration of statutory carryback and carryforward periods, and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. The Company reassesses the realizability of deferred tax assets regularly, and it will adjust the valuation allowance as sufficient objective positive evidence becomes available.

The Company evaluates uncertain tax positions with the presumption of audit detection and applies a “more likely than not” standard to determine the recognition of any tax benefits derived from positions taken in various federal and state filings. The Company recognizes liabilities when it believes that an uncertain tax position may not be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. The Company’s policy is to accrue interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense. Because of the complexity of some of these uncertainties, the ultimate resolution may differ from the amounts recognized.

The Company’s acquisitions are accounted for using the acquisition method of business combinations accounting. The Company recognizes the consideration transferred (i.e., purchase price) in a business combination as well as the acquired business’ identifiable assets, liabilities, and any non-controlling interests at their acquisition date fair value. The excess of the consideration transferred over the fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities, and non-controlling interest, is recorded as goodwill in the consolidated financial statements. Several valuation methods may be used to determine the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The Company uses its best estimates and assumptions to assign fair value to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date. The Company’s estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. Determining the useful life of an intangible asset also requires judgment as different types of intangible assets will have different useful lives and certain assets may even be considered to have indefinite useful lives. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the fair value of these tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. In addition, uncertain tax positions and tax-related valuation allowances are initially recorded in connection with a business combination as of the acquisition date. The Company continues to collect information and reevaluate these estimates and assumptions quarterly and record any adjustments to its preliminary estimates to goodwill, provided that the Company is within the measurement period. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the fair value of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

For acquisitions involving additional consideration to be transferred to the selling parties in the event certain future events occur or conditions are met (“contingent consideration”), the Company recognizes the acquisition date fair value of contingent consideration as part of the consideration transferred in exchange for the business combination. Contingent consideration meeting the criteria to be classified as equity in the consolidated balance sheets is not remeasured, and its subsequent settlement is recorded within stockholders’ equity (deficit). Contingent consideration classified as a liability is remeasured to fair value at each reporting date until the contingency is resolved, with any changes in fair value recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.

Intangible assets with determinable economic lives are carried at cost, less accumulated amortization. The Company’s intangible assets are largely acquired in business combinations and include customer relationships, developed technology, and trade names. Intangible assets are amortized over the shorter of the contractual life or the estimated useful life. Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis.

Estimated useful lives for intangible assets primarily consist of the following:

Customer relationships - 15 years

Developed technology - 5 or 7 years

Trade name - 2 or 10 years

Amortization of acquired developed technologies is included in cost of revenues, and amortization of acquired customer relationships and trade names is included in amortization of acquired intangibles in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Management tests for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that could impact the recoverability of these assets. This includes, but is not limited to, significant adverse changes in business climate, market conditions, or other events that indicate an asset’s carrying amount may not be recoverable. Recoverability of these assets is measured by comparing the carrying amount of each asset to the future undiscounted cash flows the asset is expected to generate. If the undiscounted cash flows used in the test for recoverability are less than the carrying amount of these assets, the carrying amount of such assets is reduced to fair value. There were no impairments of intangible assets during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022.

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price in a business combination over the fair value of net assets acquired.

Goodwill is not amortized, but rather the carrying amounts of these assets are assessed for impairment at least annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable. The Company has the option of first analyzing qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of any reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. However, the Company may elect to perform a quantitative goodwill impairment test even if no indications of a potential impairment exist. As the Company operates in a single reporting unit, the impairment testing is performed at the consolidated entity level.

During 2024, the Company performed a qualitative goodwill assessment. The Company’s assessments indicated that there was no goodwill impairment for the Company’s single reporting unit as of its annual assessment date.

During 2023 and 2022, the Company performed a quantitative goodwill assessment. The Company’s assessments indicated that there was no goodwill impairment for the Company’s single reporting unit as of its annual assessment date in each year.

Goodwill impairment, if any, is evaluated by comparing the reporting unit’s fair value to its carrying value. There was no goodwill impairment for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022.

In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. ASU No. 2023-07 amended the existing segment reporting requirements by requiring disclosure of the significant segment expenses based on how management internally views segment information and by allowing the disclosure of more than one measure of segment profit or loss, as well as by expanding the interim period segment requirements. The ASU also requires single-reportable segment entities to report the disclosures required under ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting. ASU No. 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 for the year ended December 31, 2024. See “Operating Segment” section within Note 2 for additional information.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-09”). ASU 2023-09 expands disclosures in the rate reconciliation and requires disclosure of income taxes paid by jurisdiction. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 2023-09 should be applied prospectively; however, retrospective application is permitted. The Company has elected to early adopt ASU 2023-09 as of December 31, 2024. See Note 9 for the expanded disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, "Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses" (“ASU 2024-03”). The amendments in the ASU require disclosures about specific types of expenses included in the expense captions presented on the Consolidated Statements of Income, as well as disclosures about selling expenses. ASU 2024-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, on a prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adoption on our financial disclosures.

Depreciation and amortization expense was $3.7 million, $3.8 million, and $3.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

Property and equipment, net, includes the following amounts at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the Company had non-cash investing activities of $0.8 million, $0.8 million, and $0.3 million, respectively, for capitalized stock-based compensation related to capitalized software development costs. Additionally, the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense through the amortization of capitalized stock-based compensation associated with capitalized software development costs of $0.2 million and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and none for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The following table disaggregates the Company's revenue by major source for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022:

The Company recognized approximately $8.6 million of revenue during the year ended December 31, 2024 that was included in deferred revenue in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of the beginning of the reporting period. For those contracts that were wholly or partially unsatisfied as of December 31, 2024, the Company’s remaining performance obligation totaled approximately $1.4 billion. The Company expects to recognize approximately 47.3% of these remaining performance obligations as revenue over the next 24 months, an additional 35.1% in the next 25 to 48 months, and the remaining balance thereafter. This estimate does not include estimated consideration for excess user and transaction processing fees that the Company expects to earn under its subscription contracts.

Contract assets totaled $1.9 million and $1.5 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which are included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

The Company capitalized $9.9 million, $8.7 million, and $8.3 million in deferred commissions costs during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively, and recognized amortization of $5.1 million, $3.8 million, and $2.9 million during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Amortization expense is included in sales and marketing expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Deferred commissions are considered costs to obtain a contract and are included in deferred costs in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets in the amount of $25.9 million and $21.2 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The Company capitalized implementation costs of $10.2 million, $8.4 million, and $6.9 million during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively, and recognized amortization of $5.6 million, $4.9 million, and $3.9 million during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Amortization expense is included in cost of revenues in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. These deferred costs are considered costs to fulfill client contracts and are included in deferred costs in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets in the amount of $24.5 million and $19.8 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The Company periodically reviews the carrying amount of deferred costs to determine whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that could impact the period of benefit. No impairment loss was recognized in relation to these capitalized costs for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022.

Accounts receivable includes the following amount at December 31, 2024 and 2023:

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following at December 31, 2024 and 2023: