株探米国株
英語
エドガーで原本を確認する
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For transition period from         to
Commission File Number 001-40337
NEUROPACE, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 22-3550230
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
455 N. Bernardo Avenue
Mountain View, CA 94043
(650) 237-2700
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading Symbol Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share NPCE The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act): Yes ☐ No ☒
As of August 8, 2025, there were approximately 33,081,498 shares of the registrant's common stock outstanding.



TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page



SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements about us and our industry that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements regarding results or events that may occur in the future contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial condition, as well as expectations of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “target,” “will,” or “would,” or the negative of these words or other similar terms or expressions.
We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, factors and assumptions more thoroughly described in “Risk Factors.” These risks are not exhaustive. Other sections of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as our other disclosures and filings, include additional factors that could harm our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for our management to predict all risk factors nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ from those contained in, or implied by, any forward-looking statements.
You should not rely on these forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We cannot assure you that the events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations, whether as a result of any new information, future events, changed circumstances or otherwise. Forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q include, but are not limited to, statements about:
•our expected future growth;
•the size and growth potential of the markets for our products, and our ability to serve those markets;
•our ability to accurately forecast demand for our products;
•the rate and degree of market acceptance of our products;
•coverage and reimbursement for procedures performed using our products, including pre-implant evaluations, implant procedures, and follow-up care;
•the performance of third parties in connection with the manufacturing and development of our products, including single-source suppliers;
•regulatory developments in the United States and in any foreign countries in which we may seek to do business;
•our use of cash resources and our ability to achieve cash flow breakeven without revenues from the DIXI Medical distribution agreement after its planned expiration;
•our expected long-range revenue growth without revenues from the DIXI Medical distribution agreement after its planned expiration;
•our ability to retain regulatory approval for our products or obtain regulatory approval for updates to our products, or new products or indications in the United States and in any foreign countries in which we may seek to do business;



•our research and development for existing products and new products, including our conduct of ongoing and future clinical trials for our existing products;
•our expectations with respect to our existing products and their ability to be used without modification in pediatric patients and in those with generalized epilepsy;
•our reliance on third-party suppliers for product components, some of which are single source suppliers;
•our ability to manufacture our products in conformity with FDA requirements and with regulatory requirements of any foreign countries in which we may seek to do business;
•our ability to predict product performance, including battery life of our RNS device;
•our expectations regarding the impact that our sales and marketing initiatives will have on our sales;
•our ability to retain or scale our organizational culture;
•the development, regulatory approval, efficacy and commercialization of competing products;
•our ability to attract and retain members of our board of directors, senior management, or operational personnel;
•our expectations regarding the period during which we will qualify as an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act and as a smaller reporting company under the federal securities laws;
•our ability to develop and maintain our corporate infrastructure, including our ability to maintain an effective system of internal control;
•our expectations regarding the impact of public health crises and geopolitical tensions, such as the Russia-Ukraine war and ongoing conflicts in the Middle East, on our business, our industry and the economy;
•the impact of adverse economic conditions, including as a result of unfavorable global economic and political conditions, increased interest rates and inflation;
•our financial performance and capital requirements; and
•our expectations regarding our ability to obtain, maintain and enforce intellectual property protection for our products and technology, as well as our ability to operate our business without infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating the intellectual property rights of others.
You should read this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as well as the documents that we reference in, and have filed as exhibits to, this report with the understanding that our actual future results, levels of activity, performance and achievements may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.
In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based on information available to us as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. While we believe that such information provides a reasonable basis for these statements, that information may be limited or incomplete. Our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain, and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely on them.



PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Unaudited Financial Statements
NeuroPace, Inc.
Condensed Balance Sheets
(unaudited)
June 30, December 31,
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts) 2025 2024
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents $ 22,857  $ 13,430 
Short-term investments 39,284  39,325 
Accounts receivable 13,554  12,851 
Inventory 16,346  13,381 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 1,701  2,352 
Total current assets 93,742  81,339 
Property and equipment, net 1,156  1,052 
Operating lease right-of-use asset 11,007  11,843 
Restricted cash 122  122 
Deferred offering costs —  276 
Other assets 87  15 
Total assets $ 106,114  $ 94,647 
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable $ 4,721  $ 2,954 
Accrued liabilities 9,740  9,787 
Operating lease liability 1,986  1,860 
Deferred revenue 696  555 
Total current liabilities 17,143  15,156 
Long-term debt 58,616  59,525 
Operating lease liability, net of current portion 10,917  11,953 
Total liabilities 86,676  86,634 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 5)
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized and no shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024
—  — 
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024; 33,044,371 and 30,145,039 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively
33  30 
Additional paid-in capital 565,595  538,933 
Accumulated deficit (546,190) (530,950)
Total stockholders’ equity 19,438  8,013 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 106,114  $ 94,647 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed financial statements.
1

NeuroPace, Inc.
Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss
(unaudited)
Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts) 2025 2024 2025 2024
Revenue $ 23,520  $ 19,256  $ 46,044  $ 37,380 
Cost of goods sold 5,388 5,122 10,570 9,903
Gross profit 18,132 14,134 35,474 27,477
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing 12,043 9,756  23,046 19,789
Research and development 6,845 6,065 14,285 11,849
General and administrative 6,068 4,543 10,114 9,614
Total operating expenses 24,956 20,364 47,445 41,252
Loss from operations (6,824) (6,230) (11,971) (13,775)
Interest income 718 762 1,511 1,589
Interest expense (2,059) (2,166) (4,212) (4,424)
Other income (expense), net (486) 120 (568) 171
Net loss and comprehensive loss $ (8,651) $ (7,514) $ (15,240) $ (16,439)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted $ (0.26) $ (0.26) $ (0.47) $ (0.58)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted 32,863,031  28,853,216  32,175,789  28,569,196 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed financial statements.
2

NeuroPace, Inc.
Condensed Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
(unaudited)

Common Stock Additional Paid-In Capital Accumulated Deficit Total Stockholders’ Equity
(in thousands, except share amounts) Shares Amount
Balances as of January 1, 2025 30,145,039  $ 30  $ 538,933  $ (530,950) $ 8,013 
Net loss —  —  —  (6,589) (6,589)
Issuance of ordinary shares in follow-on offering, net of underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses of $5,365
7,475,000  69,377  —  69,384 
Repurchase of common stock from KCK Ltd. (5,270,845) (5) (49,541) —  (49,546)
Issuance of common stock as part of At-the-Market offering, net of sales commission and offering expenses of $15
18,590  —  224  —  224 
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock option exercises 101,301  384  —  385 
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units 299,535  —  —  —  — 
Shares withheld for taxes (17,380) —  (228) —  (228)
Stock-based compensation —  —  2,626  —  2,626 
Balances as of March 31, 2025 32,751,240  33  561,775  (537,539) 24,269 
Net loss —  —  —  (8,651) (8,651)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock option exercises 21,671  —  146  —  146 
Issuance of common stock pursuant to Employee Stock Purchase Plan 66,627  —  620  —  620 
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units 215,924  —  —  —  — 
Shares withheld for taxes (11,091) —  (174) —  (174)
Stock-based compensation —  —  3,228  —  3,228 
Balances as of June 30, 2025
33,044,371  $ 33  $ 565,595  $ (546,190) $ 19,438 


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed financial statements.
3

NeuroPace, Inc.
Condensed Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
(unaudited)
Common Stock Additional Paid-In Capital Accumulated Deficit Total Stockholders’ Equity
(in thousands, except share amounts) Shares Amount
Balances as of January 1, 2024 27,823,465  $ 28  $ 524,435  $ (503,809) $ 20,654 
Net loss —  —  —  (8,925) (8,925)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock option exercises 409,045  —  721  —  721 
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units 522,483  (1) —  — 
Shares withheld for taxes (37,541) —  (649) —  (649)
Stock-based compensation —  —  2,540  —  2,540 
Balances as of March 31, 2024 28,717,452  29  527,046  (512,734) 14,341 
Net loss —  —  —  (7,514) (7,514)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock option exercises 95,008  —  53  —  53 
Issuance of common stock pursuant to Employee Stock Purchase Plan 94,743  —  528  —  528 
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units 242,518  —  —  —  — 
Shares withheld for taxes (9,233) —  (72) —  (72)
Repurchase of common stock (1,282) —  —  —  — 
Change in early exercise liability —  —  — 
Stock-based compensation —  —  2,548  —  2,548 
Balances as of June 30, 2024 29,139,206  $ 29  $ 530,104  $ (520,248) $ 9,885 



The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed financial statements.
4

NeuroPace, Inc.
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
(unaudited)
Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands) 2025 2024
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss $ (15,240) $ (16,439)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
Stock-based compensation expense 5,854  5,088 
Depreciation 104  103 
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs 104  132 
Non-cash interest expense 390  540 
Loss on debt extinguishment 527  — 
PIK interest incurred but not paid on term loan —  1,389 
Amortization of right-of-use asset 835  764 
Loss (gain) on short-term investments 41  (96)
Inventory write-downs 93  89 
Loss on disposal of property and equipment — 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable (704) 1,071 
Inventory (3,058) (238)
Prepaid expenses and other assets 671  653 
Accounts payable 1,703  28 
Accrued liabilities (120) (3,436)
Deferred revenue 141  (280)
Operating lease liabilities (911) (796)
Net cash used in operating activities (9,568) (11,428)
Cash flows from investing activities
Acquisition of property and equipment (205) (167)
Proceeds from sale of short-term investments —  5,800 
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities (205) 5,633 
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of common stock in follow-on offering, net of underwriting discounts and commissions 69,704  — 
Repurchase of common stock (49,546) — 
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under employee plans 1,151  1,302 
Taxes withheld and paid related to net share settlement of equity awards (402) (721)
Proceeds from at-the-market offering, net of sales commission 232  — 
Proceeds from debt, net of discounts and issuance costs 58,568  — 
Repayment of debt (60,507) — 
Net cash provided by financing activities 19,200  581 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 9,427  (5,214)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Beginning of the period 13,552  18,180 
End of the period $ 22,979  $ 12,966 
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash to balance sheets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 22,857  $ 12,844 
Restricted cash 122  122 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in balance sheets $ 22,979  $ 12,966 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed financial statements.
5

NeuroPace, Inc.
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
(unaudited)
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest $ 3,276  $ 2,362 
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing information:
Follow-on offering costs included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities $ 50  $ — 
Debt issuance costs included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities $ 82  $ — 
Deferred offering costs offset against additional paid-in capital $ 277  $ — 
Purchase of property and equipment included in accounts payable $ 25  $ — 
Net change in accrued liabilities from early exercise of options $ —  $ (1)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed financial statements.
6


NeuroPace, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Condensed Financial Statements
1.The Company
NeuroPace, Inc., or the Company, was incorporated in the state of Delaware on November 19, 1997. The Company is a medical device company that has developed the RNS System, the only commercially available brain-responsive neuromodulation system designed for treating drug-resistant focal epilepsy by delivering personalized, real-time treatment at the seizure source. The Company began commercializing its products in the United States in 2014.
At-the-Market Equity Offering
In November 2022, the Company filed a Registration Statement on Form S-3, or Shelf, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, in relation to the registration of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants or any combination thereof for up to an aggregate of $150.0 million, of which $50.0 million may be issued and sold pursuant to an at-the-market, or ATM, offering program for sales of the Company’s common stock under a sales agreement, or Sales Agreement, with Leerink Partners LLC, or Leerink (formerly SVB Securities LLC). The Company agreed to pay Leerink up to 3.0% of the gross proceeds of sales of common stock made through the Sales Agreement. The Company’s common stock would be sold at prevailing market prices at the time of the sale and, as a result, prices may vary. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company sold 444,555 shares of common stock under the Sales Agreement for gross proceeds of $3.4 million, or $3.2 million after deducting sales commissions and offering expenses. In January 2025, the Company sold 18,590 shares of common stock under the Sales Agreement for gross proceeds of $0.2 million, or $0.2 million after deducting sales commissions and offering expenses. In February 2025, the Company terminated the Sales Agreement and the ATM program. On the date of termination, the Company had $38.3 million remaining under the ATM program.
Follow-On Offering
In February 2025, the Company completed a follow-on offering of 7,475,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, including 975,000 shares from the exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares, at an offering price of $10.00 per share. The aggregate net proceeds to the Company from the follow-on offering were $69.7 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. The Company used $49.5 million of the net proceeds to repurchase all of the 5,270,845 shares held by its significant stockholder, KCK Ltd., at $9.40 per share. The repurchased shares became authorized but unissued shares.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Company has incurred operating losses and negative cash flows from operations since its inception and has an accumulated deficit of $546.2 million as of June 30, 2025. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company used $9.6 million and $11.4 million, respectively, of cash in its operating activities. As of June 30, 2025, the Company had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $62.1 million. Historically, the Company has funded its operations principally through the sales of its products, issuance of equity securities and debt financing.
The Company’s condensed financial statements have been prepared on the basis of the Company continuing as a going concern for the next 12 months. Management believes that the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments will allow the Company to continue its planned operations for at least the next 12 months from the date of the issuance of these unaudited interim condensed financial statements.
The MidCap Credit Agreement (see Note 6) financial covenants require the Company to maintain an Applicable Liquidity Threshold no less than (a) $60,000,000 until June 30, 2027, and (b) $40,000,000 thereafter; or (c) provided the Company earns at least $90,000,000 net revenue from the RNS System in 2026, liquidity shall be no less than $35,000,000 thereafter. In the event liquidity falls below the Applicable Liquidity Threshold, the Company is required to achieve minimum annual trailing net RNS System revenue, tested on a quarterly basis, starting from $69.2 million over a trailing 12-month period ending June 30, 2025, and increasing to $87.3 million for the trailing 12-month period ending March 31, 2030. Our trailing 12-month net RNS System revenue was $71.6 million as of June 30, 2025. In addition to the Applicable Liquidity Threshold, the MidCap Credit Agreement requires the Company to maintain a Minimum Liquidity balance of $25.0 million, which ceases to apply if the Company earns at least $90.0 million net revenue from RNS System in 2026. The MidCap Credit Agreement defines liquidity to include cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, and following the initial borrowing under the Revolver (see Note 6), the available Revolver balance.
7


NeuroPace, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Condensed Financial Statements
If the Company does not meet the financial covenants, the lenders may call the debt, which will result in the Company immediately needing additional capital and may raise doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The Company’s ability to raise additional capital may be adversely impacted by global economic conditions and disruptions to, and volatility in, the financial markets in the United States and worldwide. If the Company is unable to raise capital when needed, it will need to delay, limit, reduce or terminate planned commercialization or product development activities in order to reduce costs. As of June 30, 2025, the Company was in compliance with all covenants of the MidCap Credit Agreement.
2.Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The unaudited interim condensed financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or GAAP, as defined by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or the FASB.
Unaudited Interim Financial Information
The condensed balance sheet as of December 31, 2024 was derived from the Company’s audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements as of June 30, 2025 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, have been prepared by the Company, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial statements. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. However, the Company believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. Accordingly, these financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024 and notes thereto, which are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the SEC on March 4, 2025. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s condensed financial position as of June 30, 2025 and condensed results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 and condensed cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 have been made. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of unaudited interim condensed financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts and disclosures reported in the financial statements. The Company uses significant judgment when making estimates related to the provision for excess and obsolete inventories. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Although these estimates are based on the Company’s knowledge of current events and actions it may undertake in the future, actual results may ultimately materially differ from these estimates and assumptions.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Carrying amounts of certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these instruments. The Company has a short-term investment in a fixed income mutual fund, which is classified as an equity security and carried at fair value based on quoted market prices. Changes in the fair value of the short-term investment are recorded in income or loss. The Company believes that its borrowings bear interest at the prevailing market rates for instruments with similar characteristics; accordingly, the carrying value of this instrument approximates its fair value. The Company determines the fair value of financial and non-financial assets and liabilities using the fair value hierarchy which establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value (see Note 3).
8


NeuroPace, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Condensed Financial Statements
Concentration of Credit Risk, and Other Risks and Uncertainties
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and accounts receivable to the extent of the amounts recorded on the balance sheets. The Company’s cash is invested in major financial institutions in the United States. Deposits in these financial institutions may exceed federally insured limits, and the Company is exposed to credit risk on deposits in the event of default of the financial institutions to the extent account balances exceed the amount insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Company’s cash equivalents are invested in money market funds.
The Company’s accounts receivable, with the exception of $0.3 million, are due from a variety of health care organizations in the United States. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, there were no customers that represented 10% or more of revenue. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, no customer represented 10% or more of the Company’s accounts receivable.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The Company makes estimates on the collectability of customer accounts based primarily on analysis of historical trends and experience, the age of the receivable and changes in customers’ financial condition. The Company uses its judgment, based on the best available facts and circumstances, and records an allowance against amounts due to reduce the receivable to the amount that is expected to be collected. The Company determined that no allowance was required as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. To date, the Company has not experienced any material credit-related losses.
Remaining Performance Obligation and Contract Liabilities
The Company’s contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue of $0.7 million and $0.6 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Revenue recognized during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024 that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the year was $0.4 million and $0.2 million, respectively. Revenue recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024 that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the year was $0.6 million and $0.7 million, respectively.
As of June 30, 2025, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied was $1.6 million, which the Company expects to recognize as revenue by March 2026 pursuant to customer contract terms.
Government Programs
In May 2021, the Company was awarded a grant by the National Institutes of Health, or NIH, to support research of thalamocortical responsive neurostimulation for the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome, a type of epilepsy. The award was issued for a five-year period and has a total budget of over $9.3 million, which includes approximately $5.5 million in funding for subawards to third-party academic epilepsy centers that are collaborating on the study and are subinvestigators on the study funded by NIH. The subawardees are determined by NIH. The Company’s responsibility for the subawards is to submit the funding requests on behalf of the subawardees. The funding of subawards does not have any impact on the Company’s condensed financial statements. Initially funding was approved for the first year beginning June 1, 2021 and provides for reimbursement of qualified direct and indirect expenses in the amount of $0.8 million, including $0.4 million for subawards. Approvals of funds for years two through five are subject to the completion of certain milestones. On July 30, 2022, the Company received funding approval for year two in the amount of $2.6 million, which includes $1.6 million for subawards. On May 25, 2023, the Company received funding approval for year three in the amount of $3.0 million, which includes $1.5 million for subawards. On July 22, 2024, the Company received funding approval for year four in the amount of $1.7 million, which includes $1.0 million for subawards.
9


NeuroPace, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Condensed Financial Statements
For funds received under the NIH funding agreement, the Company recognizes a reduction in research and development expenses in an amount equal to the qualifying expenses incurred in each period up to the amount awarded by the NIH. The Company received $0 and $0.6 million in funding during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company received $0.1 million and $1.0 million in funding during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Through June 30, 2025, $3.9 million of qualifying expenses have been incurred and funded by the NIH related to the first to fourth year of funding.
Qualifying expenses incurred by the Company in advance of funding by the NIH are recorded within prepaid expenses and other current assets on the balance sheets. As of June 30, 2025, the Company did not incur qualifying expenses in advance of funding.
Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders
Basic net loss per common share is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, without consideration of potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period. For purposes of the diluted net loss per share calculation, stock options, common stock subject to repurchase related to early exercise of stock options, unvested restricted stock units and common stock committed under the employee share purchase plan are considered to be potentially dilutive securities. Basic and diluted net loss attributable to common stockholders per share is presented in conformity with the two-class method required for participating securities. The Company considers the shares issued upon the early exercise of stock options subject to repurchase to be participating securities, because holders of such shares have non-forfeitable dividend rights in the event a dividend is paid on common stock. The holders of the shares issued upon early exercise of stock options subject to repurchase do not have a contractual obligation to share in the Company’s losses. As such, the net loss was attributed entirely to common stockholders. Because the Company has reported a net loss for all periods presented, diluted net loss per common share is the same as basic net loss per common share for those periods.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
The Company did not adopt any material accounting pronouncements during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. This ASU requires greater disaggregation of information about a reporting entity's effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. This ASU applies to all entities subject to income taxes and is intended to help investors better understand an entity’s exposure to potential changes in jurisdictional tax legislation and assess income tax information that affects cash flow forecasts and capital allocation decisions. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted, and should be applied on a prospective basis although retrospective application is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this standard will have on its financial statement disclosures.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40). This ASU is intended to provide more detailed information about specified categories of expenses (including employee compensation, depreciation, and amortization) included in certain expense captions presented on the face of the income statement. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. This ASU may be applied either prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting periods after its effective date or retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements.
10


NeuroPace, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Condensed Financial Statements
The Company is currently assessing the impact this standard will have on its financial statement disclosures.
In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-05, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets, providing a practical expedient to measure credit losses on current accounts receivable and current contract assets under Accounting Standards Codification 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The practical expedient assumes that current conditions as of the balance sheet date do not change for the remaining life of the asset. This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025 and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods and should be applied prospectively. The Company is evaluating the impact this guidance will have on its financial statements and related disclosures.
The Company continues to monitor new accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB and does not believe any accounting pronouncements issued through the date of this report will have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.
3.Fair Value Measurements
The Company measures certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. A three-tier fair value hierarchy is established as a basis for considering such assumptions and for inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value:
Level 1Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
The Company utilizes the market approach to measure fair value for its financial assets and liabilities. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities.
The following table summarizes the Company’s financial assets (cash equivalents and marketable securities) at fair value as of June 30, 2025 (in thousands):
Fair Value as of June 30, 2025
Basis for Fair Value Measurements
(Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3)
Assets:
Money market funds, included in cash and cash equivalents $ 21,660  $ 21,660  $ —  $ — 
Fixed income mutual fund, included in short-term investments 39,284  39,284  —  — 
Total $ 60,944  $ 60,944  $ —  $ — 
11


NeuroPace, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Condensed Financial Statements
The following table summarizes the Company’s financial assets (cash equivalents and marketable securities) at fair value as of December 31, 2024 (in thousands):
Fair Value as of December 31, 2024
Basis for Fair Value Measurements
(Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3)
Assets:
Money market funds, included in cash and cash equivalents $ 13,349  $ 13,349  $ —  $ — 
Fixed income mutual fund, included in short-term investments 39,325  39,325  —  — 
Total $ 52,674  $ 52,674  $ —  $ — 
There were no liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
The money market funds are highly liquid and primarily invest in short-term fixed income securities issued by the U.S. government and U.S. government agencies.
The Company’s available-for-sale investment comprises a short-term investment in a fixed income mutual fund, which primarily invests in debt securities issued by the U.S. government and U.S. government agencies and corporate bonds and notes. Interest income from short-term investment is recorded in interest income. During the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recognized less than $0.1 million and less than $0.1 million in unrealized gains from its short-term investment, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recognized less than $0.1 million in unrealized losses and $0.1 million in unrealized gains from its short-term investment, respectively. The Company’s short-term investment had a cumulative unrealized net gain of $0.1 million and $0.1 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
4.Balance Sheet Components
Inventory
Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):
June 30, December 31,
2025 2024
Raw materials $ 6,314  $ 4,248 
Work-in-process 1,501  1,778 
Finished goods 8,531  7,355 
Total $ 16,346  $ 13,381 
Property and Equipment, net
Property and equipment, net consists of the following (in thousands):
June 30, December 31,
2025 2024
Machinery, equipment, furniture and fixtures $ 4,862  $ 4,659 
Computer equipment and software 1,932  1,932 
Leasehold improvements 2,435  2,435 
9,229  9,026 
Less: Accumulated depreciation (8,073) (7,974)
Property and equipment, net $ 1,156  $ 1,052 
12


NeuroPace, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Condensed Financial Statements
Depreciation expense for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively. Depreciation expense for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively.
Accrued Liabilities
Accrued liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):
June 30, December 31,
2025 2024
Payroll and related expenses $ 7,082  $ 8,178 
Inventory purchases 665  575 
Professional fees 562  50 
Interest payable 442 
Other 989  984 
Total accrued liabilities $ 9,740  $ 9,787 

5.Commitments and Contingencies
Facility Lease
In August 2011, the Company entered into a non-cancelable operating lease for combined office and manufacturing facilities in Mountain View, California. The lease was scheduled to expire in April 2019 and was amended in May 2018 to extend it through June 2024. In August 2022, the Company amended the lease to extend it through June 2030. The second amendment contained a rent-free period from September 2022 through December 2022. The Company has an option to extend the lease for a period of five years, commencing on July 1, 2030 and expiring on June 30, 2035. In conjunction with the original lease agreement, the Company obtained a letter of credit for $0.9 million in lieu of a security deposit. In May 2019, the letter of credit was amended and reduced to $0.7 million. In June 2021, the letter of credit was amended and further reduced to $0.2 million.
The terms of the facility lease provide for rental payments on a graduated scale; however, rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Rental payments range from $2.8 million to $3.3 million per year over the extended term of the lease.
The maturities of operating lease liabilities as of June 30, 2025 are as follows (in thousands):
June 30,
2025
2025 (remaining six months) $ 1,471 
2026 3,031 
2027 3,122 
2028 3,215 
2029 3,312 
Thereafter 1,705 
Total undiscounted lease payments 15,856 
Less: imputed interest 2,953 
Total operating lease liability 12,903 
Less: current portion 1,986 
Operating lease liability, net of current portion $ 10,917 
13


NeuroPace, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Condensed Financial Statements
Operating lease cost was $0.7 million and $0.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Operating lease cost was $1.4 million and $1.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of June 30, 2025, the remaining term for the operating lease in Mountain View, California was 5.0 years, and the discount rate used to measure the lease liability for such operating lease upon recognition was 8.5%.
During the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, cash paid for amounts included in operating lease liabilities of $1.5 million and $1.4 million, respectively, was included in cash flows from operating activities on the condensed statements of cash flows.
Distribution Agreement
In August 2022, the Company entered into an exclusive distribution agreement, or the Distribution Agreement, with DIXI Medical USA Corp, or DIXI Medical, pursuant to which the Company became the exclusive U.S. distributor of DIXI Medical’s stereo electroencephalography product line. The Distribution Agreement has an initial term of three years, which expires September 30, 2025. The Distribution Agreement automatically renews for additional one-year terms, unless either party provides written notice to the other party of its intention to not renew at least 180 days prior to the expiration of the then-current term. In March 2025, the Company notified DIXI Medical of its intent to not renew the Distribution Agreement upon expiration. During the six-month wind-down period following the expiration of the Distribution Agreement, the Company has the right to sell any DIXI product inventory that it holds on the date of expiration. At the end of the wind-down period, DIXI Medical will buy back, at cost, any DIXI product inventory with at least six months remaining shelf life held by the Company.
To maintain the distribution rights, the Company was required to purchase a minimum of $2.4 million of DIXI Medical’s products during the twelve months beginning October 2022, and to increase the minimum purchase by 10% for each of the two subsequent years. The Company met the purchase commitment for the first two years and, as of June 30, 2025, had met the purchase commitment for the third year, which runs through September 30, 2025.
Indemnifications
In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contracts and agreements that contain a variety of representations and warranties and may provide for indemnification of the counterparty. The Company’s exposure under these agreements is unknown because it involves claims that may be made against it in the future but have not yet been made. The Company may, from time to time, be subject to claims or be required to defend actions related to its indemnification obligations.
The Company indemnifies each of its directors and officers for certain events or occurrences, subject to certain limits, while the director or officer is or was serving at the Company’s request in such capacity, as permitted under Delaware law and in accordance with its certificate of incorporation and bylaws. The term of the indemnification period lasts as long as the director or officer may be subject to any proceeding arising out of acts or omissions of such individual in such capacity. The maximum amount of potential future indemnification is unlimited. The Company believes that the fair value of these indemnification obligations is minimal. Accordingly, the Company has not recognized any liabilities relating to these obligations as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Contingencies
From time to time, the Company may have certain contingent liabilities that arise in the ordinary course of business activities. The Company accrues a liability for such matters when it is probable that future expenditures will be made and such expenditures can be reasonably estimated. The Company determined that no accrual related to contingencies was required as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Legal Proceedings
The Company is not involved in any pending legal proceedings that it believes could have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows. From time to time, the Company may pursue litigation to assert its legal rights and such litigation may be costly and divert the efforts and attention of its management and technical personnel which could adversely affect its business.
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NeuroPace, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Condensed Financial Statements
The Company regularly evaluates current information to determine whether any accruals should be adjusted and whether new accruals are required. Such accruals, if any, reflect the estimable and probable costs that the Company may incur from the outcomes of its legal proceedings. Legal costs are expensed as incurred. There were no material contingent liabilities requiring accrual as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
6.Debt
CRG Term Loan
In September 2020, the Company entered into a Term Loan Agreement with CRG Partners IV L.P. and its affiliates for total borrowings of up to $60.0 million, or the CRG Term Loan, and borrowed $50.0 million. The remaining $10.0 million of the CRG Term Loan was available to the Company for borrowing until March 31, 2022 if the Company achieved a revenue-based milestone in 2021. The revenue-based milestone was not achieved, and the remaining $10.0 million of the CRG Term Loan expired without being drawn.
The CRG Term Loan initially bore interest at a rate of 12.5% per year. In February 2023, the CRG Term Loan was amended which increased the annual interest rate from 12.5% to 13.5% effective March 1, 2023. The amendment was accounted for as a debt modification in accordance with ASC 470, Debt and the CRG Term Loan’s effective interest rate increased from 15.7% to 16.8%. Payments under the CRG Term Loan were made quarterly with payment dates fixed at the end of each calendar quarter. Through December 2020, the Company had the option to pay the entire interest paid-in-kind, or PIK, by increasing the principal of the CRG Term Loan. From January 2021 through December 2022, the Company had the option to pay interest as follows: 7.5% per annum paid in cash and 5.0% per annum PIK by increasing the principal of the CRG Term Loan. From January 2023 through June 2025, the Company had the option to pay interest as follows: 8.5% per annum paid in cash and 5.0% per annum PIK by increasing the principal of the CRG Term Loan. For each payment date from April 2022 through June 2024, the Company elected the PIK option, increasing the principal of the CRG Term Loan by $6.0 million.
The CRG Term Loan was interest-only through September 2023, which could be extended through September 2025 at the Company’s option if the Company completed its initial public offering, or IPO, on or prior to September 30, 2023. In connection with closing the IPO in April 2021, the Company extended the interest-only period to September 30, 2025. Following the interest-only period, principal payment was to be due in one installment on September 30, 2025. In May 2024, the CRG Term Loan was amended to extend the final maturity by one year to September 30, 2026 and eliminate the PIK interest option after June 30, 2024. The amendment was accounted for as a troubled debt restructuring in accordance with ASC 470 and no gain or loss was recognized. The CRG Term Loan included a fee upon repayment of the loan equal to 10% of the aggregate principal amount being prepaid or repaid, or the backend fee.
The CRG Term Loan was collateralized by substantially all of the Company’s assets. The Term Loan Agreement contained customary representations and warranties, covenants, events of default and termination provisions. The financial covenants required that the Company achieve minimum annual revenue thresholds commencing in 2021 and maintain a minimum balance of cash and cash equivalents. In February 2023, the CRG Term Loan was amended to reduce the minimum annual net revenue covenant to $45.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023.
The Company paid $1.0 million in fees to the lender and third parties which was reflected as a discount on the loan and was being accreted over the life of the loan using the effective interest method. Also, the Company issued warrants to the lender for a total of 346,823 shares of Series B’ redeemable convertible preferred stock. The warrants had a fair value of $0.6 million as of the issuance date, which was accounted for as debt issuance costs.
During the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded interest expense related to debt discount and debt issuance costs of the CRG Term Loan of less than $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded interest expense related to debt discount and debt issuance costs of the CRG Term Loan of $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively.
15


NeuroPace, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Condensed Financial Statements
Interest expense on the CRG Term Loan was $1.6 million and $2.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Interest expense on the CRG Term Loan was $3.7 million and $4.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
In June 2025, the Company repaid its entire obligation under the CRG Term Loan amounting to $61.9 million, including principal of $56.0 million, interest of $1.4 million and backend fee of $4.5 million, using the proceeds from MidCap Term Loan (as defined below). At the time of repayment, the lender agreed to decrease the backend fee from 10% to 8% of the aggregate principal amount being prepaid or repaid. The repayment of the obligation under the CRG Term Loan was accounted for as a debt extinguishment and the Company recorded a loss on extinguishment of $0.5 million included in other income (expense), net in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
MidCap Term Loan
In June 2025, the Company entered into a credit, security and guaranty agreement (see Note 1), or MidCap Credit Agreement, with MidCap Funding IV Trust, as agent, MidCap Financial Trust, as term loan servicer and the financial institutions and other entities from time to time party thereto, or the Lenders. The MidCap Credit Agreement provides for a first lien senior secured credit facility consisting of (i) a $60.0 million term loan facility, or MidCap Term Loan, which was funded at closing of the MidCap Credit Agreement, and (ii) a revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $15.0 million, or the Revolver, and together with the MidCap Term Loan, the Loans.
The Loans mature on June 4, 2030, and the principal is due in one installment on June 4, 2030. The MidCap Term Loan bears interest at an annual rate of the 30-day forward-looking term Secured Overnight Financing Rate, or SOFR, plus 5.5%, subject to a 2.0% SOFR floor. Borrowings under the Revolver will accrue interest at an annual rate of the 30-day forward-looking term SOFR plus 3.75%, subject to a 2.0% SOFR floor. Following the initial borrowing of the Revolver, the Company will pay an unused line fee equal to 0.25% per annum of the average unused portion of the Revolver. Interest and unused line fee, if any, are payable monthly in arrears.
The Company may voluntarily prepay the Loans in whole or in part and terminate the respective commitments thereunder prior to the maturity date. Each of the MidCap Term Loan and the Revolver is subject to a prepayment premium equal to 3.0% of the amount terminated during the first year, 2.0% in the second year, 1.0% in the third year, and 0% thereafter. In addition, the MidCap Term Loan is subject to an exit fee of 2% of the amount borrowed upon prepayment or repayment.
The Loans are collateralized by substantially all of the Company’s assets. The MidCap Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties, covenants, events of default and termination provisions. See Note 1 for its financial covenants.
The Company incurred $1.4 million in fees to the lender and third parties which is reflected as a discount on the MidCap Term Loan and is being accreted over the life of the loan using the effective interest method. In addition, the Company shall pay an annual administrative fee, payable in advance, equal to 0.25% of the aggregate outstanding principal of the MidCap Term Loan. As of June 30, 2025, the MidCap Term Loan had an annual effective interest rate of 11.5% per year.
Interest expense on the MidCap Term Loan was $0.5 million and $0.5 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, including interest expense related to debt discount and debt issuance costs of the MidCap Term Loan of less than $0.1 million and less than $0.1 million, respectively.
The Revolver has not been drawn upon as of June 30, 2025.
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NeuroPace, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Condensed Financial Statements
As of June 30, 2025, future minimum payments for the MidCap Term Loan are as follows (in thousands):
MidCap Term Loan
2025 (remaining six months) $ 2,945 
2026 6,124 
2027 6,124 
2028 6,140 
2029 6,124 
Thereafter 64,244 
Total 91,701 
Less: Unamortized debt discount and issuance cost (3,184)
Less: Interest (29,901)
MidCap Term Loan $ 58,616 

7.    Common Stock
The Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation authorizes the Company to issue 200,000,000 shares of $0.001 par value common stock.
The holders of common stock are entitled to receive dividends whenever funds and assets are legally available and when declared by the Board of Directors. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, no dividends had been declared.
As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had reserved common stock for future issuance pursuant to its equity plans as follows:
June 30, December 31,
2025 2024
Shares available for future grant under the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan
2,690,819  2,201,012 
Outstanding options under the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan
2,284,737  1,987,784 
Outstanding options under the 2023 Inducement Plan 380,424  380,424 
Outstanding restricted stock units under the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan
1,590,869  1,480,338 
Common stock available for Employee Stock Purchase Plan
710,239  475,416 
Total 7,657,088  6,524,974 
8.    Stock-Based Incentive Compensation Plans
A summary of shares available for grant under the Company’s 2021 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2021 Plan, is as follows:
Shares Available for Grant
Shares available for grant as of January 1, 2025 2,201,012 
Authorized 1,507,251 
Granted/Awarded (1,192,430)
Cancelled 146,515 
Withheld for taxes 28,471 
Shares available for grant as of June 30, 2025
2,690,819 
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NeuroPace, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Condensed Financial Statements
A summary of stock option activity for the six months ended June 30, 2025 is set forth below:
Options Outstanding
Number of Shares Weighted-Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in Years)
Balances as of January 1, 2025 2,368,208  $ 6.01  7.27
Granted 474,472  $ 11.16 
Exercised (122,972) $ 4.32 
Cancelled (54,547) $ 11.62 
Balances at June 30, 2025
2,665,161  $ 6.89  7.52
Vested and exercisable at June 30, 2025
1,680,932  $ 5.18  6.65
Vested and expected to vest at June 30, 2025
2,665,161  $ 6.89  7.52
Early Exercise of Stock Options
Certain of the Company’s outstanding options are early exercisable pursuant to their terms. The shares of common stock issued from the early exercise of unvested stock options are restricted and continue to vest over the original implied service period. The Company has the option to repurchase any unvested shares at the original purchase price upon any voluntary or involuntary termination. The shares purchased by the employees and non-employees pursuant to the early exercise of stock options are not deemed, for accounting purposes, to be outstanding until those shares vest. The cash received in exchange for exercised and unvested shares related to stock options granted is recorded as a liability for the early exercise of stock options in accrued liabilities on the accompanying balance sheet and will be transferred into common stock and additional paid-in capital as the shares vest. As of June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, there were 0 and 6,892 shares of common stock, respectively, issued pursuant to early exercised options and subject to repurchase.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
In April 2021, the Company adopted the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or ESPP. The Company allows eligible employees to purchase shares of the Company's common stock through payroll deductions at a price equal to 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of the stock as of the first date or the ending date of each offering period, which is typically six months. There were 580,000 shares of common stock initially reserved for issuance under the ESPP. In January 2025, the number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the ESPP was increased by 301,450 shares as a result of the automatic increase provision in the ESPP.
As of June 30, 2025, 710,239 shares under the ESPP remain available for purchase. The Company issued 66,627 and 94,743 shares under the ESPP during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The offering period and purchase period is determined by the board of directors. A new offering period of six months began June 7, 2025 and will end December 6, 2025.
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NeuroPace, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Condensed Financial Statements
Restricted Stock Units
Activity with respect to restricted stock units was as follows:
Number of Shares Underlying Outstanding Restricted Stock Units Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested, January 1, 2025 1,480,338  $ 8.92 
Granted 717,958  $ 12.18 
Vested (515,459) $ 9.48 
Cancelled (91,968) $ 8.93 
Unvested, June 30, 2025
1,590,869  $ 10.21 
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company recognized stock-based compensation as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2025 2024 2025 2024
Cost of goods sold $ 173  $ 197  $ 351  $ 359 
Sales and marketing 761  780  1,544  1,491 
Research and development 865  796  1,737  1,605 
General and administrative 1,429  775  2,222  1,633 
Total stock-based compensation $ 3,228  $ 2,548  $ 5,854  $ 5,088 
The above stock-based compensation expense related to the following equity-based awards (in thousands):
Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2025 2024 2025 2024
Stock options and restricted stock units $ 3,090  $ 2,418  $ 5,579  $ 4,822 
ESPP 138  130  275  266 
Total stock-based compensation $ 3,228  $ 2,548  $ 5,854  $ 5,088 
As of June 30, 2025, the total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested stock options and restricted stock units was $20.5 million, which will be amortized on a straight-line basis over a weighted average remaining period of 2.6 years.
As of June 30, 2025, the Company had unrecognized stock-based compensation expense relating to the ESPP awards of $0.3 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.4 years.
9.    Income Taxes
The Company did not record a federal or state income tax provision or benefit for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 as it has incurred net losses since inception. In addition, the net deferred tax assets generated from net operating losses are fully offset by a valuation allowance as the Company believes it is not more likely than not that the benefit will be realized.
The Company accounts for the uncertainty in income taxes by utilizing a comprehensive model for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure in financial statements of any uncertain tax positions that have been taken or are expected to be taken on an income tax return. There has been no change in the estimated uncertain tax benefits recorded as of December 31, 2024.
On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, or OBBBA, was signed into law in the United States. The OBBBA includes a broad range of tax reform provisions affecting businesses. The Company is evaluating the full effects of these tax law changes, but we currently do not expect the OBBBA to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements in the current year.
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NeuroPace, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Condensed Financial Statements
10.    Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in thousands, except for share and per share amounts):
Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2025 2024 2025 2024
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders $ (8,651) $ (7,514) $ (15,240) $ (16,439)
Denominator:
Weighted-average common stock outstanding used to compute basic and diluted net loss per share 32,863,031  28,853,216  32,175,789  28,569,196 
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted $ (0.26) $ (0.26) $ (0.47) $ (0.58)
The following potentially dilutive securities outstanding have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding because such securities have an antidilutive impact due to the Company’s net loss, in common stock equivalent shares:
As of June 30,
2025 2024
Options to purchase common stock 2,665,161  2,375,585 
Unvested restricted stock units 1,590,869  1,835,793 
Shares committed under ESPP 64,087  104,731 
Unvested early exercised common stock options —  6,892 
Total Shares 4,320,117  4,323,001 

11.    Segment Information
The Company operates as one operating and reportable segment. All of the Company’s long-lived assets, comprised of property and equipment, are based in the United States. All of the Company’s revenue, with the exception of $0.4 million and $0.1 million, was in the United States for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, based on the shipping location of the external customer. All of the Company’s revenue, with the exception of $0.4 million and $0.1 million, was in the United States for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, based on the shipping location of the external customer.
The Company’s CODM is its Chief Executive Officer. The CODM makes decisions on resource allocation, evaluates operating performance, and monitors budget versus actual results using net loss. Significant expense categories included within net loss include cost of goods sold, sales and marketing expense, research and development expense, and general and administrative expense, which are presented on the Company’s condensed statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Other segment items within net loss include interest income, interest expense, and other income (expense), net.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our condensed financial statements and the related notes and other financial information included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This discussion and other parts of this report contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, such as statements of our plans, objectives, expectations and intentions, which are based on the beliefs of our management, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, our management. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the section of this report entitled “Risk Factors,” under Part II, Item 1A of this report and those discussed in our other disclosures and filings.
Overview
We are a medical device company focused on transforming the lives of people living with epilepsy by reducing or eliminating the occurrence of debilitating seizures. Our novel and differentiated RNS System is the first and only commercially available, brain-responsive neuromodulation system that delivers personalized, real-time treatment at the seizure source. By continuously monitoring and analyzing the brain’s electrical activity, recognizing patient-specific abnormal electrical patterns, and responding in real time with imperceptible electrical pulses to prevent seizures, our RNS System delivers the precise amount of therapy when and where it is needed and provides exceptional clinical outcomes with approximately three minutes of stimulation on average per day. Our RNS System is also the only commercially available device that records continuous brain activity data and allows clinicians to monitor patients not only in person, but also remotely, providing them the data they need to make more informed treatment decisions, thus optimizing patient care. We believe the therapeutic advantages of our RNS System, combined with the insights obtained from our extensive brain data set, offer a significant leap forward in epilepsy treatment.
Our RNS System is currently indicated in the United States for use in adult epilepsy patients, meaning patients who are 18 years of age or older, with drug-resistant focal epilepsy. Primary effectiveness endpoint data from our Post-approval Study in this patient population demonstrated that the RNS System efficacy improved over time, with a 62.5% median seizure reduction at six months after implant (n=314) and an 82.0% median seizure reduction at 36 months after implant (n=255). Additionally, 42.5% of patients experienced a period of seizure-freedom for at least six months, and 22% of patients were seizure free for at least one year. Results were presented at the American Academy of Neurology Annual Meeting in April 2025.
We are conducting studies to expand our indication for use in patients with drug-resistant generalized epilepsy and patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy under the age of 18. In March 2025, the last patient in our NAUTILUS study for generalized epilepsy completed one year of follow up. On May 27, 2025, we announced the preliminary results from the NAUTILUS study based on analysis of the one-year data. The study met the 12-week post-implant primary safety endpoint, demonstrating excellent safety outcomes and confirming the favorable safety profile of the RNS System. The primary effectiveness endpoint did not reach statistical significance in the overall study, but there was a statistically significant response in a subset of the study cohort, which represented the majority of participants. Preliminary data illustrates the overall value of the RNS System to individualize patient treatment over time, showing statistically significant and clinically meaningful, prespecified secondary endpoints. Patients in the NAUTILUS trial continue to participate in the study through the completion of two years after the device implant, with prespecified collection of safety and effectiveness data occurring upon completion of the two years post-implant. We are actively engaging with the FDA to finalize a pathway to submitting an application seeking the expanded indication for patients with generalized epilepsy. There are no changes in the Company’s plan to file the expanded label submission to the FDA in the second half of 2025.
To support our RESPONSE study for label expansion in focal epilepsy patients under the age of 18, we are collaborating with the National Evaluation System for health Technology, or NEST, and the FDA to pursue the use of real-world data from the Pediatric Epilepsy Research Consortium, or PERC.
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Our commercial efforts have historically been focused on growing adoption and utilization across Level 4 comprehensive epilepsy centers, or CECs, in the United States that facilitate appropriate care for drug-resistant epilepsy patients. In 2023, we received FDA approval of a Premarket Approval Supplement, or PMA-S, which updated the qualification criteria for centers and clinicians that may prescribe and implant the RNS System. We initiated a pilot program to begin our outreach to these centers and clinicians in 2024 and are expanding these efforts through 2025. We are actively addressing this opportunity in a targeted manner with incremental expansion of our sales force.
Since our inception, we have generated significant losses. We have financed our operations primarily through sales of our products, issuance of equity securities, and debt financing. As of June 30, 2025, we had an accumulated deficit of $546.2 million, cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $62.1 million, and $58.6 million of outstanding debt under a term loan, net of debt discount and issuance costs.
We have invested heavily and expect to continue to invest in research and development and commercial activities. Our research and development activities include clinical studies to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of our RNS System, including in expanded indications, and to obtain, as well as retain, FDA approval. We intend to continue making significant investments in research and development, clinical studies and regulatory affairs to support ongoing and future regulatory submissions for retaining and expanding indications of our RNS System, including to patients with drug-resistant generalized epilepsy and patients under the age of 18, support continuous improvements to our RNS System, and develop future products that address neurological disorders. We have also made significant investments in building our field commercial team and intend to make significant investments in sales and marketing efforts in the future, including initiatives to drive awareness and expand our referral channel to increase the number of drug-resistant epilepsy patients referred to CECs. We may in the future seek to acquire or invest in additional businesses, products, or technologies that we believe could complement or enhance our products, enhance our technical capabilities or otherwise offer growth opportunities, although we currently have no agreements or understandings with respect to any such acquisitions or investments. Because of these and other factors, we expect to continue to incur net losses and negative cash flows for the near term. We may require additional funding to support operations and pay our obligations or may opportunistically seek to raise additional capital, which may include future equity or debt financings.
Based on our current planned operations, we believe our existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments will allow us to continue our operations for at least the next 12 months. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources - Future Funding Requirements” for additional information.
Collaborations and Partnerships
DIXI Distribution Agreement
In August 2022, we entered into an exclusive distribution agreement, or the Distribution Agreement, with DIXI Medical USA Corp., or DIXI Medical, pursuant to which we became the exclusive U.S. distributor of DIXI Medical’s stereo electroencephalography, or Stereo EEG, product line beginning in October 2022. These products are used in the epilepsy monitoring units, or EMUs, of comprehensive epilepsy centers to determine where epileptic seizures originate. The Distribution Agreement has an initial term of three years, which expires September 30, 2025, and which may be automatically renewed for additional one-year terms. In March 2025, we notified DIXI Medical of our intent to not renew the Distribution Agreement upon its expiration in September 2025. During the six-month wind-down period following expiration of the Distribution Agreement, we have the right to sell any DIXI product inventory that we hold on the date of expiration. At the end of this wind-down period, DIXI Medical will buy back, at cost, any DIXI product inventory held by us that has at least six months of remaining shelf life.
Rapport Agreement
In November 2023, we entered into a collaboration agreement with Rapport Therapeutics, Inc., or Rapport, a clinical-stage biotechnology company, to leverage our data as well as our RNS System’s unique biomarker monitoring and data analysis capabilities. The collaboration evaluates biomarker changes in currently implanted RNS System patients that enroll in Rapport’s Phase 2a clinical trial of its product candidate. Pursuant to this agreement, we provide information to Rapport that will help evaluate the impact of their product candidate on certain biomarkers of patients with focal onset seizures.
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In June 2025, we executed an agreement to extend our collaboration with Rapport and to continue providing differentiated data, monitoring and data analysis services for the next phase of Rapport’s clinical trial of its product candidate. We expect this work to continue through the end of 2027.
Factors Affecting Our Performance
We believe there are several important factors that have impacted and that we expect will continue to impact our business and results of operations. These factors include:
Clinician, Hospital and Patient Awareness and Acceptance of Our RNS System
Our goal is to establish our RNS System as a standard of care for drug-resistant epilepsy. We intend to continue to promote awareness of our RNS System within existing and new accounts through additional investments in training and education of clinicians, epilepsy centers, hospitals and patients on the clinical benefits of our RNS System for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy. In addition, we intend to publish additional clinical data in scientific journals and to continue presenting at medical conferences. We plan to continue building patient awareness through direct-to-patient marketing initiatives, which include advertising, social media and online education. We also intend to continue supporting patient and referring clinician outreach efforts to help increase the number of appropriate patients with drug-resistant epilepsy being treated at CECs and outside of CECs, including by way of our expansion into the community setting. These efforts require significant investment by our marketing and sales organization.
Our Ability to Retain Our Experienced Commercial Team and Increase its Productivity
We have made significant investments in, and will continue to invest in, recruiting, training and retaining our experienced and specialized direct sales team, which includes Therapy Consultants and Field Clinical Engineers. Significant education and training is required for our team to achieve the level of technical competency with our products that is expected by clinicians and to gain experience building demand for our RNS System. Upon completion of initial training, our personnel typically require time in the field to grow their network of accounts, build relationships with clinicians and increase their productivity to the levels we expect. We believe successfully training, developing and retaining our Therapy Consultants and Field Clinical Engineers will be required to achieve growth. In addition, the loss of any productive sales personnel would have a negative impact on our ability to grow our business.
Competition
Our industry is highly competitive and subject to rapid change from the introduction of new products and technologies and the marketing activities of industry participants. There are two primary treatment alternatives for adults with drug-resistant epilepsy: (i) an ablative or resective surgery; and (ii) implantation of a neuromodulation device. Within neuromodulation, we currently compete with two manufacturers of neuromodulation devices. These companies have longer operating histories, significantly greater resources and name recognition, and established relationships with physicians and hospitals that treat patients with epilepsy. In addition to competing for market share, we also compete against these companies for personnel, including qualified sales and other personnel that are necessary to grow our business.
Leveraging Our Manufacturing Capacity to Further Improve Our Gross Margin
With our current operating model and infrastructure, we believe that we have the capacity to significantly increase our manufacturing production. If we grow our revenue and sell more RNS Systems, our fixed manufacturing costs will be spread over more units, which we believe will reduce our manufacturing costs on a per-unit basis and in turn improve our gross margin. In addition, we intend to continue investing in manufacturing efficiencies in order to reduce our overall manufacturing costs. However, other factors will continue to impact our gross margin such as the cost of materials, components and subassemblies, pricing, procedure mix, and geographic sales mix to the extent that we commercialize our RNS System outside of the United States.
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Investing in Research and Development, Including Clinical Studies, to Expand Our Addressable Market
We intend to continue investing in clinical studies and existing and next generation technologies to further improve our RNS System and clinical outcomes, enhance the patient and provider experience and broaden the patient population that can be treated with our RNS System. In addition, we are continuing to develop AI-enabled software tools, leveraging our extensive database of intracranial electroencephalogram, or iEEG, data and our advanced data analysis capabilities to equip clinicians with the data they need to establish optimal program settings for each patient.
While research and development and clinical studies are time consuming and costly, we believe that a pipeline of product enhancements and new products that improve effectiveness, safety and ease of use is important for supporting increased adoption of our RNS System.
Change in Product Mix
We derive revenue from sales of our RNS System to hospital facilities both for initial RNS System implant procedures and for replacement procedures when our implanted devices reach end of service. We launched our current neurostimulator model in 2018. This device has an average battery life of nearly eleven years, an increase from the previous model of the device. We have experienced and may continue to experience changes in the percentage of our revenue from replacement procedures over the next few years as a result of the extended replacement cycle of the newer device, which may cause variability in our gross margin. We also derive revenue from sales of DIXI Medical products. A change in product mix between sales of our RNS System and DIXI Medical products would cause variability in our gross margin.
Components of Our Results of Operations
Revenue
We derive most of our revenue from sales of our RNS System to the hospital facilities that implant our RNS System. Our revenue fluctuates primarily based on the volume of procedures performed and the procedure mix between initial and replacement implants. Our revenue has also fluctuated and will continue to fluctuate in the future from quarter-to-quarter due to a variety of factors, including the success of our sales force in expanding adoption of our RNS System in new accounts and the number of physicians who are aware of and prescribe our RNS System.
We also derive revenue from sales of DIXI Medical products, primarily to our current customer base. Our revenue from the sale of DIXI Medical products will fluctuate in the future due to a variety of factors, including our ability to take market share from competitive Stereo EEG products. The Distribution Agreement expires on September 30, 2025, after which we may sell DIXI product inventory that we hold on the expiration date for the next six months.
Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2023, we also derive revenue from services provided to Rapport pursuant to our collaboration agreement with Rapport. Our revenue from this collaboration fluctuates due to the timing of services provided and other factors.
Nearly all of our revenue results from sales in the United States, but we also have limited sales of our RNS System in Canada pursuant to a special program that involves case-by-case approvals of the use of our RNS System in adult patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy.
Cost of Goods Sold and Gross Margin
Cost of goods sold consists primarily of costs related to materials, components and subassemblies, personnel-related expenses for our manufacturing and quality assurance employees, including stock-based compensation, manufacturing overhead and charges for excess, obsolete and non-sellable inventories. Overhead costs include the cost of quality assurance, testing, material procurement, inventory control, operations supervision and management personnel, an allocation of facilities and information technology expenses, including rent and utilities, and equipment depreciation. Cost of goods sold also includes certain direct costs such as those incurred for shipping our RNS System. We record adjustments to our inventory valuation for estimated excess, obsolete and non-sellable inventories based on assumptions about future demand, past usage, changes to manufacturing processes and overall market conditions.
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Cost of goods sold also includes costs of procuring and shipping DIXI Medical products. We expect cost of goods sold to increase in absolute dollars as more of our RNS Systems and DIXI Medical products are sold.
We calculate gross margin as gross profit divided by revenue. Our gross margin has been and will continue to be affected by a variety of factors, primarily by our manufacturing costs, pricing and product mix. Our gross margin may increase over the long term to the extent our production volume increases as our fixed manufacturing costs would be spread over a larger number of units, thereby reducing our per-unit manufacturing costs. We expect our gross margin will fluctuate from period to period, however, based upon the factors described above.
Operating Expenses
Our operating expenses consist of sales and marketing costs, research and development costs, and general and administrative costs.
Sales and Marketing Expenses
Our sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs for our sales and marketing employees, including stock-based compensation and sales-based variable compensation, travel expenses, consulting, public relations costs, direct marketing, customer training, trade show and promotional expenses and allocated facility and information technology expenses. We expense sales variable compensation when revenue related to the underlying sale is recognized. We intend to continue to increase our sales and marketing spending to support increased adoption of our RNS System. We expect our sales and marketing expenses will increase in absolute dollars as we hire additional personnel and add programs in order to more fully penetrate the market opportunity.
Research and Development Expenses
Our research and development activities primarily consist of engineering and research programs associated with our products under development and clinical studies. Research and development expenses include personnel-related costs for our research and development employees, including stock-based compensation, and expenses related to consulting services, clinical trials, regulatory activities, prototyping, testing, materials and supplies, and allocated overhead including facilities and information technology expenses. Our clinical trial expenses include costs associated with clinical trial design, clinical trial site development and study costs, data management costs, related travel expenses, the cost of products used for clinical activities, and costs associated with our regulatory compliance. We expense research and development costs as they are incurred. We expect our research and development expenses will increase in absolute dollars as we continue to develop new product offerings and product enhancements and conduct studies for expanded indications for use.
General and Administrative Expenses
Our general and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs, including stock-based compensation, for administrative personnel that support our general operations such as executive management and information technology, finance, accounting, customer services, human resources and legal personnel. General and administrative expenses also include costs attributable to professional fees for legal, accounting and tax services, insurance and recruiting fees. We expect our administrative expenses will increase as we increase our headcount to support our growth. Additionally, we may incur increased expenses related to audit, legal, regulatory and tax-related services, compliance with exchange listing and Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, requirements, and director and officer insurance premiums. Our general and administrative expenses may fluctuate from period to period as we continue to grow.
Interest Expense and Income
Interest expense consists primarily of interest expense related to our term loan facility, including amortization of debt discount and issuance costs. Interest income is predominantly derived from investing surplus cash in money market funds and short-term marketable securities.
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Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income (expense), net primarily consists of gain and loss from short-term investments, and loss on debt extinguishment.
Results of Operations
Comparison of the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024
The following table summarizes our results of operations for the periods indicated (in thousands):
Three Months Ended June 30,
2025 2024 Change % Change
Revenue $ 23,520  $ 19,256  $ 4,264  22  %
Cost of goods sold 5,388 5,122 266 %
Gross profit 18,132 14,134 3,998 28  %
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing 12,043 9,756 2,287 23  %
Research and development 6,845 6,065 780 13  %
General and administrative 6,068 4,543 1,525 34  %
Total operating expenses 24,956 20,364 4,592 23  %
Loss from operations (6,824) (6,230) (594) 10  %
Interest income 718 762 (44) (6) %
Interest expense (2,059) (2,166) 107 (5) %
Other income (expense), net (486) 120 (606) (505) %
Net loss $ (8,651) $ (7,514) $ (1,137) 15  %
Revenue
Revenue increased by $4.3 million, or 22%, to $23.5 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $19.3 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in revenue was primarily due to an increase in the number of RNS System units sold and an increase in sales of DIXI Medical products. All of our revenue, with the exception of $0.4 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025 and $0.1 million in the three months ended June 30, 2024, was generated from sales in the United States.
Cost of Goods Sold and Gross Margin
Cost of goods sold increased by $0.3 million, or 5%, to $5.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $5.1 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase was primarily due to the increase in sales volume. Our gross margin increased from 73.4% for the three months ended June 30, 2024, to 77.1% for the three months ended June 30, 2025 primarily due to lower fixed costs per unit as a result of increased production volume of the RNS System, partially offset by the lower gross margin from distribution of DIXI Medical products.
Sales and Marketing Expenses
Sales and marketing expenses increased by $2.3 million, or 23%, to $12.0 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $9.8 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024, primarily due to an increase of $1.3 million in personnel-related expenses resulting from increases in sales and field support personnel costs and one-time severance costs during the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024, and an increase of $0.9 million in sales, field support and marketing costs, including travel.
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Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses increased by $0.7 million, or 13%, to $6.8 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $6.1 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024, primarily due to an increase of $0.6 million in personnel-related expenses, a decrease of $0.7 million in grant funds received primarily under the NIH funding agreement which are recognized as a reduction in research and development expenses partially offset by a decrease of $0.4 million in product development and clinical trial expenses.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses increased by $1.5 million, or 34%, to $6.1 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $4.5 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024. This increase was primarily due to an increase of $1.6 million in personnel-related expenses resulting from one-time severance and transition costs during the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024.
Interest Expense and Income
Interest expense decreased to $2.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $2.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, due to repayment of the CRG Term Loan and the lower annual effective interest rate pursuant to the MidCap Term Loan compared to the CRG Term Loan. Interest income decreased by less than $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024, primarily due to lower interest yields in the three months ended June 30, 2025.
Other Income (Expense), net
Other income (expense), net decreased by $0.6 million to $(0.5) million during the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $0.1 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024, primarily due to a loss on extinguishment of the CRG Term Loan of $0.5 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025.
Comparison of the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024
The following table summarizes our results of operations for the periods indicated (in thousands):
Six Months Ended June 30,
2025 2024 Change % Change
Revenue $ 46,044  $ 37,380  $ 8,664  23  %
Cost of goods sold 10,570 9,903 667 %
Gross profit 35,474 27,477 7,997 29  %
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing 23,046 19,789 3,257 16  %
Research and development 14,285 11,849 2,436 21  %
General and administrative 10,114 9,614 500 %
Total operating expenses 47,445 41,252 6,193 15  %
Loss from operations (11,971) (13,775) 1,804 (13) %
Interest income 1,511 1,589 (78) (5) %
Interest expense (4,212) (4,424) 212 (5) %
Other income (expense), net (568) 171 (739) (432) %
Net loss $ (15,240) $ (16,439) $ 1,199  (7) %
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Revenue
Revenue increased by $8.7 million, or 23%, to $46.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $37.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in revenue was primarily due to an increase in the number of RNS System units sold and an increase in sales of DIXI Medical products. All of our revenue, with the exception of $0.4 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025 and $0.1 million in the six months ended June 30, 2024, was generated from sales in the United States.
Cost of Goods Sold and Gross Margin
Cost of goods sold increased by $0.7 million, or 7%, to $10.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $9.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase was primarily due to the increase in sales volume. Our gross margin increased from 73.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2024, to 77.0% for the six months ended June 30, 2025 primarily due to lower fixed costs per unit as a result of increased production volume of the RNS System, partially offset by the lower gross margin from distribution of DIXI Medical products.
Sales and Marketing Expenses
Sales and marketing expenses increased by $3.3 million, or 16%, to $23.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $19.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily due to an increase of $1.9 million in personnel-related expenses resulting from increases in sales and field support personnel costs and one-time severance costs during the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024, an increase of $1.0 million in sales, field support and marketing costs, including travel, and an increase of $0.3 million in expenses related to commercial operations.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses increased by $2.4 million, or 21%, to $14.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $11.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily due to an increase of $1.2 million in personnel-related expenses, an increase of $0.3 million in product development and clinical trial expenses, and a decrease of $1.0 million in grant funds received primarily under the NIH funding agreement which are recognized as a reduction in research and development expenses.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses increased by $0.5 million, or 5%, to $10.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $9.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024. This increase was primarily due to an increase of $0.6 million in personnel-related expenses resulting from one-time severance and transition costs during the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024.
Interest Expense and Income
Interest expense decreased to $4.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $4.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, due to repayment of the CRG Term Loan and the lower annual effective interest rate pursuant to the MidCap Term Loan compared to the CRG Term Loan. Interest income decreased by $0.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily due to lower interest yields in the six months ended June 30, 2025.
Other Income (Expense), net
Other income (expense), net decreased by $0.7 million to $(0.6) million during the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $0.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily due to a loss on extinguishment of the CRG Term Loan of $0.5 million and unrealized loss, net on short-term investments in the six months ended June 30, 2025.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
We have financed our operations primarily through sales of our products, issuance of equity securities and debt financing. As of June 30, 2025, we had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $62.1 million and $58.6 million outstanding under the MidCap Term Loan, net of debt discount and issuance costs.
2025 Follow-on Offering
In February 2025, we completed a follow-on offering and received $69.7 million in net proceeds after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses from the sale of 7,475,000 shares of our common stock, including 975,000 shares from the exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares, at a public offering price of $10.00 per share. We used $49.5 million of the net proceeds from the offering to repurchase all of the shares held by our significant stockholder, KCK Ltd. We intend to use the remaining net proceeds from the offering for general corporate purposes, which may include clinical trial and other sales and marketing, research and development, and general and administrative expenses, debt reduction and working capital.
At-the-Market Equity Program
In November 2022, we entered into a Sales Agreement with Leerink Partners LLC, or Leerink, to sell shares of our common stock, from time to time, through an at-the-market, or ATM, equity offering program under which Leerink would act as our sales agent and pursuant to which we could sell common stock for aggregate gross proceeds of up to $50.0 million. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we received net proceeds of approximately $3.2 million after deducting sales commissions and offering expenses. In January 2025, we received net proceeds of approximately $0.2 million after deducting sales commissions and offering expenses. In February 2025, we terminated the Sales Agreement and the ATM program. On the date of termination, we had $38.3 million remaining under our ATM program.
CRG Term Loan
In September 2020, we entered into the CRG Term Loan with CRG Partners IV L.P. and its affiliates for total borrowings of up to $60 million and borrowed $50 million. The remaining $10.0 million expired without being drawn.
The CRG Term Loan bore interest at a rate of 13.5% per year. Payments under the loan were made quarterly with payment dates fixed at the end of each calendar quarter. From March 2023 through June 2024, we had the option to pay interest as follows: 8.5% per annum in cash and 5.0% per annum PIK by increasing the principal of the CRG Term Loan. For each payment date from March 2023 through June 2024, we elected the PIK option.
The CRG Term Loan was interest-only through its original final maturity of September 30, 2025. Following the interest-only period, principal payment would have been due in one installment on September 30, 2025. In May 2024, we amended the CRG Term Loan to extend the final maturity by one year to September 30, 2026 and eliminate the PIK interest option after June 30, 2024. The CRG Term Loan included an exit fee upon repayment of the loan equal to 10% of the aggregate principal amount being prepaid or repaid.
In June 2025, we repaid the entire obligation under the CRG Term Loan using the proceeds received from the MidCap Term Loan. At the time of repayment, the lender agreed to decrease the exit fee from 10% to 8% of the aggregate principal amount being prepaid or repaid.
MidCap Term Loan
In June 2025, we entered into a credit, security and guaranty agreement, or Credit Agreement, by and among the Company, MidCap Funding IV Trust, as agent, MidCap Financial Trust, as term loan servicer and the financial institutions and other entities from time to time party thereto, and borrowed $60.0 million, or MidCap Term Loan. The Credit Agreement also provided for a revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $15.0 million, or the Revolver and together with the MidCap Term Loan, the Loans.
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The Loans mature on June 4, 2030, and is due in one installment on June 4, 2030. The MidCap Term Loan bears interest at an annual rate of 30-day forward-looking term Secured Overnight Financing Rate, or SOFR, plus 5.5%, subject to a SOFR floor of 2.0%. Borrowing under the Revolver will accrue interest at an annual rate of 30-day forward-looking term SOFR plus 3.75%, subject to a SOFR floor of 2.0%. Following the initial borrowing of the Revolver, we will pay an unused line fee equal to 0.25% per annum of the average unused portion of the Revolver. Interest and unused line fee, if any, are payable monthly in arrears.
We may voluntarily prepay the Loans in whole or in part and terminate the respective commitments thereunder prior to the maturity date. Each of the MidCap Term Loan and the Revolver is subject to a prepayment premium equal to 3.0% of the amount terminated during the first year, 2.0% in the second year, 1.0% in the third year, and 0% thereafter. In addition, we will pay an exit fee of 2% of the amount borrowed under the MidCap Term Loan upon prepayment or repayment.
The Loans are collateralized by substantially all of our assets. The Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties, covenants, events of default and termination provisions. See Notes 1 and 6 to our unaudited condensed financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.
Material Cash Requirements
We have future minimum payments for the MidCap Term Loan totaling $91.7 million, with $6.1 million due within twelve months. In addition, we lease our office and manufacturing facilities in Mountain View, California under a non-cancelable operating lease which expires in June 2030. Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases were $15.9 million as of June 30, 2025. See Note 5 to our unaudited condensed financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information about our facility lease.
Future Funding Requirements
We expect to incur continued expenditures in the future in support of our commercialization efforts in the United States. In addition, we intend to continue to make investments in clinical studies, development of new products, and other ongoing research and development programs. We may incur additional expenses to expand our commercial organization to support our continued growth. We may incur additional expenses to further enhance our research and development efforts and to pursue commercial opportunities outside of the United States.
Based on our current planned operations, we expect that our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments will enable us to fund our operating expenses for at least twelve months from the issuance of our unaudited condensed financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We have based these estimates on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could utilize our available capital resources sooner than we expect.
Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with research, development and commercialization of medical devices, we are unable to estimate the exact amount of our working capital requirements. Our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including:
•the costs of activities related to commercializing and marketing our RNS System in the United States and elsewhere, and manufacturing and distribution costs;
•the research and development activities we intend to undertake, including product enhancements and clinical studies for indication expansions that we intend to pursue;
•the cost of obtaining, maintaining, defending, enforcing, and protecting any patents and other intellectual property rights;
•whether or not we pursue acquisitions or investments in businesses, products or technologies that are complementary to our current business;
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•the degree and rate of increased market acceptance of our RNS System in the United States and market acceptance elsewhere;
•our need to implement additional infrastructure and internal systems;
•our ability to hire additional personnel to support our operations as a public company; and
•the emergence of competing technologies or other adverse market developments.
If we raise additional capital through public or private equity or convertible debt offerings, the ownership interest of our existing stockholders will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may adversely affect our stockholders’ rights. If we raise additional capital through debt financing, we may be subject to covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends. Our ability to raise additional capital may be adversely impacted by global economic conditions and disruptions to, and volatility in, the financial markets in the United States and worldwide, as well as those more specifically impacting our industry. If we are unable to raise capital when needed, we will need to delay, limit, reduce or terminate planned commercialization or product development activities in order to reduce costs.
Summary Statements of Cash Flows
The following table sets forth the primary sources and uses of cash and cash equivalents for the periods presented below (in thousands):
Six Months Ended June 30,
2025 2024
Net cash (used in) provided by:
Operating activities $ (9,568) $ (11,428)
Investing activities (205) 5,633 
Financing activities 19,200  581 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
$ 9,427  $ (5,214)
Cash Flows Used in Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities was $9.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025. Cash used in operating activities was primarily a result of the net loss of $15.2 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $7.9 million and change in operating assets and liabilities of $2.3 million. The non-cash charges primarily consisted of $5.9 million of stock-based compensation, $0.8 million of amortization of right-of-use assets, $0.5 million of loss on extinguishment of the CRG Term Loan, and $0.4 million of non-cash interest expense related to our term loans. The change in operating assets and liabilities was due to an increase in accounts receivable of $0.7 million primarily due to an increase in sales of our products including our RNS System and DIXI Medical products, an increase in inventories of $3.1 million largely due to an increase in raw materials and finished goods, and a decrease in operating lease liabilities of $0.9 million, offset in part by an increase in accounts payable of $1.7 million primarily due to the timing of payments to our vendors, and a decrease in in prepaid expenses and other assets of $0.7 million.
Net cash used in operating activities was $11.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. Cash used in operating activities was primarily a result of the net loss of $16.4 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $8.0 million and change in operating assets and liabilities of $3.0 million. The non-cash charges primarily consisted of $5.1 million of stock-based compensation, $1.4 million of interest incurred but paid-in-kind, $0.8 million of amortization of right-of-use assets and $0.5 million of non-cash interest expense related to our term loans. The change in operating assets and liabilities was due to a decrease in accrued liabilities of $3.4 million largely due to accrued payroll and related expenses, a decrease in operating lease liabilities of $0.8 million, an increase in inventories of $0.2 million largely due to an increase in work-in-process inventory partially offset by a reduction in raw materials and finished goods, and a decrease in deferred revenue of $0.3 million, offset in part by a decrease in accounts receivable of $1.1 million, and a decrease in in prepaid expenses and other assets of $0.7 million.
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Cash Flows Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities was $0.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, and primarily consisted of purchases of property and equipment.
Net cash provided by investing activities was $5.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, which primarily consisted of sales of short-term investments of $5.8 million, partially offset by purchases of property and equipment of $0.2 million.
Cash Flows Provided by Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was $19.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, which primarily consisted of $69.7 million in proceeds, net of underwriting discounts and commissions, from our February 2025 follow-on offering of common stock, proceeds of $58.6 million from the MidCap Term Loan, net of discounts and issuance costs, proceeds from the issuance of common stock under employee plans of $1.2 million and $0.2 million of net cash proceeds from our at-the-market offering, partially offset by repayment of the CRG Term Loan of $60.5 million, a repurchase of common stock of $49.5 million, and taxes withheld and paid related to net share settlement of equity awards of $0.4 million.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $0.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, which primarily consisted of proceeds from the issuance of common stock under employee plans of $1.3 million, partially offset by taxes withheld and paid related to net share settlement of equity awards of $0.7 million.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our estimates are based on our historical experience, knowledge of current events and actions we may undertake in the future, and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances.
Our critical accounting policies and estimates are described in “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Critical Accounting Estimates” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 4, 2025. There were no material changes to these accounting policies during the three months ended June 30, 2025.
JOBS Act Accounting Election
The JOBS Act permits an “emerging growth company” such as us to take advantage of an extended transition period to comply with new or revised accounting standards applicable to public companies until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to use this extended transition period under the JOBS Act until the earlier of the date we (i) are no longer an emerging growth company or (ii) affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to the financial statements of issuers who are required to comply with the effective dates for new or revised accounting standards that are applicable to public companies, which may make comparison of our financials to those of other public companies more difficult.
We will cease to be an emerging growth company on the date that is the earliest of (i) December 31, 2026, (ii) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenues of $1.235 billion or more, (iii) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in nonconvertible debt during the previous three years, or (iv) the date on which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer under the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Further, even after we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company, we may still qualify as a “smaller reporting company,” which would allow us to take advantage of many of the same exemptions from disclosure requirements, including reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements. We cannot predict if investors will find our common shares less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions.
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If some investors find our common shares less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common shares and our share price may be more volatile.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See “Recent Accounting Pronouncements” in Note 2 to our unaudited interim condensed financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Interest Rate Sensitivity
The market risk inherent in our financial instruments and in our financial position represents the potential loss arising from adverse changes in interest rates. As of June 30, 2025, we had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $62.1 million, compared to $52.8 million at December 31, 2024, consisting of interest-bearing money market funds and fixed income mutual funds for which the fair value would be affected by changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates. However, due to the short-term maturities and the low-risk profile of our cash equivalents and short-term investments, an immediate 10% change in interest rates would not have a material effect on the fair value of our cash equivalents and short-term investments.
We do not believe that inflation, interest rate changes or exchange rate fluctuations have had a significant impact on our results of operations for any periods presented herein.
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Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e), as amended) as of June 30, 2025, the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we may be subject to litigation and claims arising in the ordinary course of business. While the results of any litigation or other legal proceedings are uncertain, we are not currently a party to any material legal proceedings that, if determined adversely to us, would individually or taken together have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
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Item 1A. Risk Factors
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk and uncertainty. You should carefully read, consider, and evaluate the risks described below, as well as all of the other information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations,” our unaudited condensed financial statements and related notes, and our other disclosures and filings. While we believe that the risks and uncertainties described below are the material risks currently facing us, additional risks that we do not yet know of or that we currently think are immaterial may also arise and materially affect our business. If any of the following risks materialize, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In that case, the market price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose some or all of your investment.
Summary Risk Factors
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk because our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, as fully described below. The principal factors and uncertainties that make investing in our common stock speculative or risky include, among others:
•We currently rely on our RNS System, which can only be marketed in the United States for use in adults with drug-resistant focal epilepsy, as our primary source of revenue. If we fail to successfully market and sell our RNS System cost effectively and maintain and expand our market share, our sales, business, financial condition and results of operations will be negatively affected;
•Our commercial success will continue to depend on attaining significant market acceptance of our products and increasing the number of patients treated. If we are unable to successfully achieve substantial market acceptance and drive adoption of our RNS System both within Level 4 comprehensive epilepsy centers and in the community, our sales, business, financial condition and results of operations would be harmed;
•We depend on a limited number of single-source suppliers and vendors in connection with the manufacture of our products, which makes us vulnerable to supply shortages and price fluctuations that could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations;
•Our results of operations may be harmed if we are unable to accurately forecast customer demand for our products;
•We may be unable to compete successfully with other treatment options for drug-resistant focal epilepsy, which could harm our sales, business, financial condition and results of operations;
•If adequate reimbursement becomes unavailable or if reimbursement changes are unfavorable for the procedures to implant our RNS System and for clinicians to provide ongoing care for patients treated with our RNS System, it could diminish our sales or affect our ability to sell our RNS System profitably;
•Use of our RNS System requires appropriate neurosurgeon training for implantation and epileptologist training for programming and ongoing patient care, and inadequate training may lead to negative patient outcomes, which could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations;
•We may not be able to achieve or maintain satisfactory pricing and margins for our RNS System, which could harm our business and results of operations;
•We are seeking expanded FDA labeling for our RNS System to be able to treat patients with drug-resistant generalized epilepsy, as well as patients between the ages of 12 and 17 with drug-resistant focal epilepsy, but if we are unable to broaden the indications for our RNS System to include these patients, our growth potential could be harmed;
•Recent changes in staffing levels at the FDA could create delays in its response to and review of our submissions for indication expansion, harming our growth potential and long range financial plans;
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•Our operations are subject to pervasive and continuing FDA regulatory requirements, and failure to comply with these requirements could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations;
•Our actual or perceived failure to comply with data privacy and security laws and regulations could lead to significant costs, liabilities and other risks, including as a result of investigations, inquiries, litigation, fines, legislative and regulatory action and negative press about our data privacy and security practices, which may disrupt our business operations and harm our business and reputation, financial condition, results of operations and prospects and cause other adverse business consequences;
•If we are unable to obtain, maintain, protect, enforce and defend patent or other intellectual property protection for our products, or if the scope of the patent and other intellectual property protection obtained is not sufficiently broad, or as a result of our existing or any future out-licenses of our intellectual property, our competitors could develop and commercialize products similar to or competitive with our products, our ability to continue to commercialize our RNS System, or our other products, may be harmed;
•We have a history of net losses, and we expect to continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future. If we do achieve profitability, we may not be able to sustain it;
•We are party to an existing Term Loan Agreement, which contains restrictive covenants as well as financial maintenance covenants, and if we are unable to comply with these covenants then the lenders could declare an event of default and we may need to immediately repay the amounts due under the Term Loan Agreement;
•With the planned expiration of our exclusive distribution agreement with DIXI Medical and loss of the associated revenue, our revenue growth, financial condition and results of operations may be materially affected, including our ability to achieve cash flow breakeven and our expected long-range revenue growth;
•Our actual operating results may differ significantly from any guidance provided;
•Our estimates of market opportunity and forecasts of market and revenue growth may prove to be inaccurate, and even if the market in which we compete achieves the forecasted growth, our business could fail to grow at similar rates, if at all;
•Our growth prospects may be harmed if we are unable to successfully use our unique data asset and analysis capabilities, internally or through collaborations, or if our expectations with respect to our ability to leverage our unique data asset prove to be incorrect;
•We may expand sales of our RNS System internationally in the future, but we may experience difficulties in obtaining regulatory clearance or approval or in successfully marketing our RNS System internationally even if approved. A variety of risks associated with marketing our RNS System internationally could harm our growth potential; and
•Future legislation, potential changes in federal regulatory agency leadership, and new policies and priorities under the current administration may adversely impact our company.

Risks related to operational, commercial and manufacturing matters
We currently rely on our RNS System, which can only be marketed in the United States for use in adults with drug-resistant focal epilepsy, as our primary source of revenue. If we fail to successfully market and sell our RNS System cost effectively and maintain and expand our market share, our sales, business, financial condition and results of operations will be negatively affected.
Our business currently depends primarily on our ability to successfully market our RNS System, which includes increasing the number of patients treated at CECs, increasing adoption of our RNS System across CECs and in the community setting, as well as driving utilization by clinicians within CECs and in the community setting. Currently, our RNS System can only be marketed for use in adults with drug-resistant focal epilepsy in the United States.
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Historically our RNS System was primarily recommended and implanted at Level 4 CECs, which provide advanced diagnosis and management of epilepsy. We recently began expanding our commercial efforts to target and be able to qualify the additional 1,800 epileptologists outside of Level 4 CECs and the entire population of functional neurosurgeons as a result of the FDA approval of a PMA-S in 2023, which updated the qualification criteria for centers and clinicians that may prescribe and implant the RNS System. Therefore, we have been dependent on widespread market adoption of our RNS System within a limited number of accounts. We are aiming to increase awareness about our RNS System, expand the population of patients we can treat with our RNS System, and increase utilization and adoption across physicians that prescribe and implant our RNS System both within Level 4 CECs and outside of Level 4 CECs, in the community setting, but there can be no assurance that we will succeed.
The commercial success of our RNS System will continue to depend on a number of factors, including the following:
•the degree to which drug-resistant epilepsy remains a chronic and debilitating condition;
•the actual and perceived effectiveness, safety and reliability, and clinical benefit, of our RNS System, especially relative to alternative neuromodulation devices such as VNS or DBS;
•the prevalence and severity of any adverse patient events involving our RNS System;
•our ability to provide earlier awareness of and education about our RNS System to patients and clinicians;
•the degree to which clinicians, patients and hospital facilities, including at CECs and outside of CECs, in the community setting, adopt our RNS System;
•the availability, relative cost and perceived advantages and disadvantages of alternative technologies or treatment methods for epilepsy;
•the results of additional clinical and other studies relating to the health, safety, economic or other benefits of our RNS System;
•whether key thought leaders in the medical community accept that our clinical efficacy and safety results are sufficiently meaningful to influence their decision to adopt our RNS System over other neuromodulation therapies;
•the extent to which we are successful in educating clinicians, patients, and hospital facilities about the benefits of our RNS System, including as a result of the extended battery life of the neurostimulator;
•our reputation among clinicians, patients and hospital facilities;
•our ability to predict product performance;
•the strength of our marketing and distribution infrastructure, including our ability to drive adoption and utilization of our RNS System, our ability to expand referral pathways to CECs and beyond, and our ability to grow the market outside of Level 4 CECs, in the community;
•our ability to obtain, maintain, protect, enforce and defend our intellectual property rights, including in and to our RNS System;
•our ability to maintain compliance with all legal and regulatory requirements, including those applicable to our RNS System;
•our ability to continue to maintain a commercially viable manufacturing process at our manufacturing facility that is compliant with current Good Manufacturing Practices, or cGMP, and Quality Systems Regulations, or QSR;
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•our ability to maintain our contractual relationships with our vendors and component suppliers, including single-source vendors and suppliers, through which we obtain critical components for our RNS System;
•the continued coverage of and adequate payment for the implantation procedure and for clinicians to provide ongoing care for patients implanted with our RNS System by third-party payors, including both private and government payors; and
•our ability to continue to attract and retain key talent.
If we fail to successfully market and sell our RNS System cost-effectively and maintain and expand our market share, our sales, business, financial condition and results of operations will be negatively affected.
Our commercial success will continue to depend on attaining significant market acceptance of our products and increasing the number of patients treated. If we are unable to successfully achieve substantial market acceptance and drive adoption of our RNS System both within Level 4 CECs and in the community, our sales, business, financial condition and results of operations would be harmed.
Our commercial success will depend in large part on the further acceptance by clinicians, patients and hospital facilities of our RNS System as safe, useful, and cost-effective, and increasing the number of patients treated at Level 4 CECs and in the community setting. We cannot predict how quickly, if at all, additional clinicians, patients, and hospital facilities will adopt our RNS System over continued noninterventional therapies or competing neuromodulation devices or surgical treatment options. For example, clinicians may be reluctant to use our RNS System due to familiarity with neuromodulation devices that are more established. Alternatively, in the community setting, neuromodulation may not be a common practice, if it is done at all. Clinicians, patients, and hospital facilities may continue to prefer noninvasive therapeutic options, resective or ablative surgery, or alternative neuromodulation therapies such as VNS and DBS. Moreover, we cannot predict how quickly, if at all, those currently living with epilepsy but who are not being treated will seek treatment. Our ability to grow sales of our RNS System and drive market acceptance will depend on successfully educating clinicians, patients, and hospital facilities of the relative benefits of our RNS System.
Additionally, patients rely on their healthcare providers, including epileptologists and neurosurgeons to recommend a course of treatment. If we are unable to successfully achieve substantial market acceptance and adoption of our RNS System by additional clinicians, patients, and hospital facilities, or to expand the clinicians’ perspective as to the types of patients that can benefit from our RNS System, patients may be reluctant to use our products over alternative neuromodulation therapies. If we are unable to successfully drive patient interest in our RNS System, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be harmed.
Our commercial success will depend on a continued flow of patient referrals to CECs from treating primary care physicians, neurologists, and other healthcare providers and from caregiver support and encouragement around physician referrals and self-referrals to CECs. If we are unable to successfully expand our referral pathways to achieve an increased patient referral pipeline into CECs or develop opportunities outside of Level 4 CECs, in the community setting, our sales, business, financial condition and results of operations would be harmed.
Our commercial success will depend in large part on continued referrals of appropriate patients from treating primary care physicians, neurologists, and other healthcare providers to epileptologists, neurosurgeons, and other clinicians, primarily at Level 4 CECs. We cannot predict how quickly, if at all, we can grow utilization and adoption at the Level 4 CECs and in the community setting to build a pipeline through our sales and marketing efforts and whether primary care physicians, neurologists, and other healthcare providers, as well as caregivers will support use of our RNS System in the community setting or patient referrals to epileptologists and neurosurgeons at CECs over other therapy options.
Primary care physicians, neurologists, and other healthcare providers may continue to prefer traditional treatments, such as additional attempts to treat with new therapeutic drugs that become available from time to time, including for fear of losing management of the patient’s care. If we are unable to educate clinicians to follow national guidelines, which recommend that patients whose seizures have not been brought under control after three months of care by a primary care physician or after 12 months of seeing a general neurologist be referred to a CEC, or that patients that are considered drug-resistant because they failed to achieve sustained seizure freedom after trying two antiseizure medications be referred to a tertiary epilepsy center to evaluate potential interventions, or if we are unable to convince them as to the merits of our RNS System inside a CEC or in the community setting, we may be unable to successfully build our patient pipeline.
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This could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Various factors outside our direct control may negatively impact our manufacturing of our RNS System, which could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We manufacture our RNS System at our manufacturing facility in Mountain View, California. This facility supports our production operations, including manufacturing, quality control, and raw material and finished goods storage. We believe that we currently have adequate manufacturing capacity and supplies for our products sufficient to meet our demand forecasts. If demand for our RNS System increases more rapidly than we anticipate, if we encounter problems with one or more of our suppliers, or if we secure regulatory approval to commercialize our products in additional geographies or indications, we may need to either expand our manufacturing capabilities, qualify new suppliers, or outsource to other manufacturers.
Our manufacturing and distribution operations are subject to regulatory requirements of the FDA’s Quality System Regulation, or QSR, for medical devices sold in the United States. Manufacturers of medical device products often encounter difficulties in production, including difficulties with production costs and yields, quality control, quality assurance testing, shortages of qualified personnel, as well as compliance with strictly enforced FDA requirements, other federal and state regulatory requirements, and foreign regulations, to the extent applicable. If we fail to manufacture our products in compliance with QSR, or if our manufacturing facility suffers disruptions, supply chain issues, machine failures, slowdowns or disrepair, we may not be able to fulfill customer demand and our business would be harmed. Further, we typically do not maintain more than several months of inventory on hand and we manufacture our products using near-term demand forecasts. As a result, deviations from our forecasts could cause us to fail to meet demand for our products.
Since we produce our products in one manufacturing facility, any contamination of the controlled environment, equipment malfunction, supply issues, personnel issues, including human error, or failure to strictly follow procedures can significantly reduce our yield. A drop in yield can increase our cost to manufacture our products or, in more severe cases, require us to halt the manufacture of our products until the problem is resolved. Identifying and resolving the cause of a drop in yield can require substantial time and resources. In addition, if demand for our products shifts such that our manufacturing facility is operated below our forecasts for an extended period, we may adjust our manufacturing operations to reduce fixed costs, which could lead to uncertainty and delays in manufacturing times and quality during any transition period.
The manufacturing, sterilization and distribution of our products are technically challenging. Changes that our suppliers may make, or additional requirements from regulatory agencies, outside of our direct control can have an impact on our processes, on quality and on the successful or timely delivery of our products to our customers. Mistakes and mishandling may occur, which can affect supply and delivery. As a result, our dependence on third-party, including single source, suppliers, subjects us to a number of risks that could impact our ability to manufacture our products and harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations, including:
•interruption of supply resulting from modifications to, or discontinuation of, a supplier’s operations;
•delays in product shipments resulting from uncorrected defects, reliability issues or a supplier’s failure to produce components that consistently meet our quality specifications;
•delays in analytical results or failure of analytical techniques that we depend on for quality control and release of our products;
•price fluctuations due to a lack of long-term supply arrangements with our suppliers for key components;
•inability to obtain adequate supply in a timely manner or on commercially reasonable terms;
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•difficulty identifying and qualifying alternative suppliers for components in a timely manner;
•inability of suppliers to comply with applicable provisions of the QSR or other applicable laws or regulations enforced by the FDA and other Federal and state regulatory authorities;
•delays in regulatory approvals of any changes to manufacturing, including the use of new suppliers;
•latent defects that may become apparent after our products have been released and that may result in an adverse event or a recall of such products;
•inclusion of vendors of raw materials not in compliance with regulatory requirements;
•natural or other disasters, global pandemics, labor disputes, financial distress, lack of raw material supply, issues with facilities and equipment, international conflict or war, or other forms of disruption to business operations affecting our manufacturer or its suppliers;
•production delays related to the evaluation and testing of our products or the use of components from alternative suppliers;
•failure to complete sterilization on time or in compliance with the required regulatory standards; and
•delays in delivery by our suppliers of components, materials, or services due to changes in demand from us or their other customers.
The occurrence of any of these issues could significantly harm our ability to manufacture our products and maintain sufficient quality standards, which would negatively impact our sales, business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We depend on a limited number of single-source suppliers and vendors in connection with the manufacture of our RNS System, which makes us vulnerable to supply shortages and price fluctuations that could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We source and rely upon materials, components, and sub-assemblies of our RNS System, as well as manufacturing services from approved suppliers, most of which are single-source suppliers. For example, Micro Systems Technologies Management AG and Integer Holdings Corporation (formally known as Greatbatch Ltd) are single-source suppliers of several key components of our products, including printed circuit assemblies and batteries. In addition, certain of our suppliers are not under long-term contracts with us.
These components, materials, and services, which also include silicone adhesive, integrated circuits and other components, are critical, and there are relatively few alternative sources of supply. We believe our single-source suppliers are capable of continuing to meet our specifications and maintaining quality, but any significant problem experienced by one of our single-source suppliers may result in a delay or interruption in the supply of components, materials, or services to us. Our suppliers may experience manufacturing delays or issues, stop producing our components, materials, or services, increase the prices they charge us, or elect to terminate their relationships with us. In any of these cases, we could face a delay of several months to identify, perform appropriate testing, and qualify alternative suppliers and service providers with regulatory authorities, as we do not currently have supplier transition plans. In addition, the failure of our third-party suppliers and service providers to maintain acceptable quality requirements could result in the recall of our products. If one of our suppliers fails to maintain acceptable quality requirements, we may have to identify and qualify a new supplier. Although we require our third-party suppliers to supply us with materials, components and services that meet our specifications and comply with applicable provisions of the FDA’s QSR and other applicable legal and regulatory requirements in our agreements and contracts, and we perform incoming inspection, testing or other acceptance activities to ensure the materials and components meet our requirements, there is a risk that our suppliers will not always act consistent with our best interests, and may not always supply components that meet our requirements or supply components in a timely manner.
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The number of third-party suppliers with the necessary manufacturing and regulatory expertise and facilities is limited and certification of a new supplier may be complex and time consuming. Any delay or interruption would likely lead to a delay or interruption in our manufacturing operations. The inclusion of substitute components must meet our product specifications and could require us to qualify the new supplier with the appropriate regulatory authorities, including the FDA. The added time and cost to arrange for alternative suppliers could harm our business. New manufacturers of any planned product would be required to qualify under applicable regulatory requirements and would need to have sufficient rights under applicable intellectual property laws to the method of manufacturing the planned product. Obtaining the necessary FDA or international approvals or other qualifications under applicable regulatory requirements and ensuring non-infringement of third-party intellectual property or other proprietary rights could result in a significant interruption of supply and could require the new manufacturer to bear significant additional costs that may be passed on to us.
Our results of operations may be harmed if we are unable to accurately forecast customer demand for our products.
We do not maintain large amounts of excess inventory at any given time. To ensure adequate supply, we must forecast inventory needs and manufacture our products based on our estimates of future demand. Our ability to accurately forecast demand for our products, could be negatively affected by many factors, including our failure to accurately manage our expansion strategy, product introductions by competitors, our inability to forecast the lifecycle of our products, an increase or decrease in customer demand for our products or for competitor products, our failure to accurately forecast customer adoption of new products, unanticipated changes in general market conditions or regulatory matters and weakening of economic conditions or consumer confidence in future economic conditions. Inventory levels in excess of customer demand may result in inventory write-downs or write-offs, which would cause our gross margin to be adversely affected and could impair the strength of our brand. Conversely, if we underestimate customer demand for our products, our manufacturing team may not be able to deliver products to meet our requirements, and this could result in damage to our reputation and customer relationships. In addition, if we experience a significant increase in demand, additional supplies of components, materials, or services, or additional manufacturing capacity may not be available when required on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all, which may negatively affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
If we fail to optimize our sales and marketing capabilities and develop widespread brand awareness cost-effectively, our growth will be impeded and our business may suffer.
We are actively expanding our presence in the United States through additional sales and education efforts to drive awareness of our RNS System amongst patients, clinicians and hospital facilities, to drive adoption of our RNS System at Level 4 CECs and in the community setting and to increase utilization and adoption of our RNS System within new and existing accounts. We also plan to explore regulatory and reimbursement approval pathways to expand our presence in international territories.
We take a measured approach to optimize our sales infrastructure to grow our customer base and our business. Identifying and recruiting qualified personnel and training them on the use of our RNS System, on applicable federal and state laws and regulations and on our internal policies and procedures, requires significant time, expense and attention, particularly given our strategy of having each Therapy Consultant, or sales representative, cover many accounts. It can take significant time before our Therapy Consultants are fully trained and productive and before they have established relationships with their target accounts. Our business may be harmed if our efforts to optimize do not generate a corresponding increase in revenue or result in a decrease in our operating margin. In particular, if we are unable to hire, develop and retain talented sales personnel or if new sales personnel are unable to achieve desired productivity levels in a reasonable period of time, we may not be able to realize the expected benefits of this investment or increase our revenue. Additionally, if we do not hire the correct type of or appropriate number of sales personnel as we expand into the community setting, our efforts to grow our market and business outside of the Level 4 CECs may be harmed.
We dedicate significant financial and other resources to our customer outreach and training programs, which may require us to incur significant upfront costs. For example, we may need to conduct additional physician trainings across hospital facilities, both at CECs and as we expand into the community setting.
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Our sales force may also need to develop additional efficiencies and approaches to address potential growth as we expand referral pathways, expand into additional existing Level 4 CECs as well as new CECs, grow our presence in the community setting, offer new products, increase the number of epileptologists recommending, and neurosurgeons implanting, our RNS System, and increase the numbers and types of patients being prescribed and implanted with the RNS System by current clinicians. Our business would be harmed if our programs and associated expenditures do not generate a corresponding increase in revenue.
In addition, we believe that developing and maintaining awareness of our brand in a cost-effective manner is critical to achieving broad acceptance of our products and attracting new customers. Brand promotion activities may not generate customer awareness or increase revenue and, even if they do, any increase in revenue may not offset the costs and expenses we incur in building our brand. If we fail to successfully promote, maintain and protect our brand, we may fail to realize a sufficient return on our brand-building efforts, or to achieve the widespread brand awareness that is critical for broad adoption of our RNS System.
We may be unable to compete successfully with other treatment options for drug-resistant focal epilepsy, which could harm our sales, business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our industry is competitive and has been evolving rapidly with not only existing treatment options, but also the introduction of new products and technologies as well as the market activities of industry participants. Our RNS System is indicated for adult patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy in the United States and we have historically primarily marketed our device to clinicians within Level 4 CECs that treat these patients. As a result of the recent approval of a PMA-S, we are now able to expand our commercial efforts to the additional epileptologists and functional neurosurgeons practicing outside of Level 4 CECs, in the community setting. In our target patient population, there are two primary treatment options (i) an ablative or resective surgery, or (ii) implantation of a neuromodulation device. Patients may also choose not to actively seek additional treatment for epilepsy or may choose to try new therapeutic drugs that become available from time to time. We estimate that approximately 80% of drug-resistant focal epilepsy patients are either not ideal candidates for ablative or resective surgery or are unwilling to undergo a destructive surgical procedure, and we compete primarily with two manufacturers of neuromodulation devices for the treatment of these patients. Our primary competitors are LivaNova plc, which manufactures the VNS System, and Medtronic plc, which manufactures the DBS System. Third-party payors may encourage the use of competitors’ products or other neuromodulation therapies due to lower costs of competing products or alternatives. Additionally, treating physicians, including epileptologists and neurosurgeons may promote the use of other competitors’ products or alternative therapies. Further, as existing competitors and other companies develop new or improved products, we cannot predict what the standard of care will be in the future.
Our primary competitors are large, well-capitalized companies with significant market share and resources. They have more established sales and marketing programs than we do and have greater name recognition. These competitors also have long operating histories and may have more established relationships with potential customers. In addition to competing for market share, competitors may develop or acquire patents or other rights that may limit our ability to compete.
The medical device industry is intensely competitive, subject to rapid change and significantly affected by new product introductions and other market activities of industry participants. There can be no assurance that other companies or institutions will not succeed in developing or marketing devices and products that are more effective or safer than our RNS System or that would render our RNS System obsolete or noncompetitive.
We believe that the clinical advantages of our RNS System and our focus on neuromodulation will be important factors in our future success. Our continued success depends on, among other things, our ability to:
•continue to demonstrate safety and efficacy in our Post-Approval Study and in ongoing commercial use;
•expand our referral pathways;
•expand the number of CECs implanting our RNS System and increase utilization across existing clinicians using the RNS System and adoption across new clinicians within these CECs;
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•increase the utilization and adoption of our RNS System outside of Level 4 CECs, in the community setting;
•drive awareness to increase the number of drug-resistant epilepsy patients referred to CECs and treated outside of CECs, in the community setting;
•maintain adequate reimbursement for implant procedures and for clinicians to provide ongoing care of patients treated with our RNS System;
•attract and retain skilled research, development, sales, marketing and clinical personnel;
•continue to innovate in order to improve therapy effectiveness and enhance the patient and provider experience;
•adequately predict product performance;
•obtain and maintain regulatory clearances and approvals, including for expanded indications;
•cost-effectively manufacture, market and sell our RNS System;
•obtain, maintain, protect, enforce and defend our intellectual property rights and operate our business without infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating the intellectual property rights of others;
•acquire products or technologies complementary to or necessary for our business; and
•source materials, components, and sub-assemblies from suppliers on a cost-effective and timely basis.
Adoption of our RNS System depends on positive clinical data as well as clinician acceptance of the data and our products, and negative clinical data or perceptions among these clinicians would harm our sales, business, financial condition, and results of operations.
The rate of adoption and sales of our products are heavily influenced by clinical data. Although we have positive clinical data across four multi-center FDA-approved prospective clinical studies going out as far as nine years, there can be no assurance that clinical data will continue to be positive for our ongoing studies. For example, the one-year results from our NAUTILUS study to evaluate neuromodulation therapy for idiopathic generalized epilepsy did not reach statistical significance for the primary effectiveness endpoint in the overall study population, which was to show a longer time to a second generalized tonic-clonic seizure in the active stimulation group compared to the sham stimulation group. Additionally, there can be no assurance that future clinical studies, including those to continue demonstrating the efficacy of our products in currently approved patient populations and those to support label retention and expansion for our products will demonstrate safety and effectiveness. Unfavorable or inconsistent clinical data from ongoing or future clinical studies conducted by us, our competitors, or third parties, the negative interpretation of our clinical data internally and externally, including by customers, competitors, patients, and regulators, or findings of new or more frequent adverse events, could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
The rate of adoption and sales of our products are also influenced by clinician perceptions. Negative perceptions of our products by clinicians, including due to negative clinical data, could result in decreased adoption or use of our products, which would harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Additionally, if key opinion leaders who support our products cease to recommend our products, our business, financial condition and results of operations will be harmed. Further, if we cannot maintain strong working relationships with clinicians and continue to receive their advice and input, the marketing of our products could suffer, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. Certain restrictions on access to clinicians as well as hospital staffing shortages have impacted, and will likely continue to impact, our ability to maintain such relationships. Finally, although we have demonstrated the safety, effectiveness and clinical advantages of our products in pivotal clinical studies, neuromodulation is still a relatively new approach to treating drug-resistant focal epilepsy. The results of clinical studies of the products conducted to date and from commercial use do not necessarily predict future results.
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Any negative long-term results or adverse events from use of our products that arise in the future could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Our future success also depends upon patients having an understanding of how to properly use our RNS System and an experience with our products that meets their expectations in order to increase clinician demand for our products as a result of positive feedback and word-of-mouth. Patients may be dissatisfied if their expectations of the procedure and results are not met or if they are not adequately trained on use of our RNS System. Patients may be dissatisfied if they experience adverse events or insufficient reduction in frequency of seizures. If the results of our products do not meet the expectations of the patients, or the patient experiences adverse events, it could discourage the patient from continuing to use our device or referring our products to others. Dissatisfied patients may express negative opinions through social media, advocacy, or other publicity. Any failure to meet patient expectations and any resulting negative publicity could harm our reputation and future sales.
If adequate reimbursement becomes unavailable for the procedures to implant our RNS System and for clinicians to provide ongoing care for patients treated with our RNS System, it could diminish our sales or affect our ability to sell our RNS System profitably.
The implant procedure for our RNS System and the ongoing patient care provided by clinicians, including monitoring and programming, are reimbursed under well-established physician and hospital codes. Our ability to increase sales of our RNS System depends, in significant part, on the availability of adequate financial coverage and reimbursement from third-party payors, including governmental payors (such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs in the United States), managed care organizations, and private health insurers. Third-party payors decide which treatments they will cover and establish reimbursement rates for those treatments. We do not bill any third-party payors for our RNS System. Instead, we invoice healthcare providers for our RNS System and the cost is bundled into the reimbursement received by healthcare providers for the procedures in which our RNS System is used.
We expect our RNS System will continue to be purchased by hospital facilities who will then seek reimbursement from third-party payors for brain-responsive neuromodulation for drug-resistant focal epilepsy. While third-party payors currently cover and provide reimbursement for both implant procedures of our RNS System as well as for clinicians providing ongoing patient care, we can give no assurance that these third-party payors will continue to provide coverage and adequate reimbursement, or that current reimbursement levels for diagnostic, implant or replacement procedures as well as clinician-provided ongoing patient care will continue.
Furthermore, the overall amount of reimbursement available for brain-responsive neuromodulation for drug-resistant focal epilepsy could decrease in the future. Changes in reimbursement may not necessarily impact our sales. Additionally, we cannot be sure that the reimbursement amounts available for brain-responsive neuromodulation for drug-resistant focal epilepsy will not reduce or otherwise negatively impact the demand for our marketed RNS System. Failure by users of our RNS System to obtain coverage and adequate reimbursement for the implant procedures or for clinicians providing ongoing patient care would cause our business, financial condition, and results of operations to suffer. Additionally, a third-party payor’s decision to provide coverage for a brain-responsive neuromodulation for drug-resistant focal epilepsy does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved. Further, coverage policies and third-party reimbursement rates may change at any time. Even if favorable coverage and reimbursement status is attained, less favorable coverage policies and reimbursement rates may be implemented in the future.
Use of our RNS System requires appropriate neurosurgeon training for implantation and epileptologist training for programming and ongoing patient care, and inadequate training may lead to negative patient outcomes, which could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
The successful use of our RNS System depends in part on the training and skill of the neurosurgeon performing the implant procedure as well as the clinician, typically an epileptologist, performing the subsequent programming of our RNS System and monitoring the patient response. Clinicians, including those practicing outside of Level 4 CECs and in the community setting, could experience difficulty with the technique necessary to successfully implant and program our RNS System, and monitor patients if they do not receive appropriate training.
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Moreover, clinicians rely on their previous medical training and experience when recommending or implanting our RNS System, and we cannot guarantee that all neurosurgeons will have the necessary implantation skills to properly perform the procedure. We cannot be certain that physicians or healthcare providers that use our RNS System have received sufficient training, and physicians or healthcare providers who have not received adequate training may nonetheless attempt to use our RNS System with their patients. If clinicians implant or utilize our RNS System incorrectly, or without adhering to or completing all relevant training, their patient outcomes may not be consistent with the outcomes achieved in our clinical studies. Adverse safety outcomes that arise from improper or incorrect use of our RNS System may negatively impact the perception of patient benefit and safety of our RNS System, notwithstanding results from our clinical studies. These results could limit adoption of our RNS System in treatment for drug-resistant focal epilepsy, which would harm our sales, business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We are highly dependent on our senior management team and key personnel, and our business could be harmed if we are unable to attract and retain personnel necessary for our success.
We are highly dependent on our senior management and key personnel. Our success will depend on our ability to retain senior management and to attract and retain qualified personnel in the future, including sales and marketing professionals, engineers, scientists, clinical trial specialists and other highly skilled personnel and to integrate current and additional personnel in all departments.
Competition for skilled personnel in our market is intense and may limit our ability to hire and retain highly qualified personnel on acceptable terms, or at all. To induce valuable employees to remain at our company, in addition to salary and cash incentives, we have issued stock options that vest over time. The value to employees of stock options that vest over time may be significantly affected by fluctuations in our stock price that are beyond our control, and may at any time be insufficient to counteract more lucrative offers from other companies. Despite our efforts to retain valuable employees, members of our management and other key personnel may terminate their employment with us on short notice. Our employment arrangements with our employees provide for at-will employment, which means that any of our employees could leave our employment at any time, with or without notice. We also do not maintain “key man” insurance policies on the lives of these individuals or the lives of any of our other employees.
We rely on our own direct sales force to market and sell our RNS System, and if we are unable to optimize our sales force, it could harm our business. Our operating results are directly dependent upon the sales and marketing efforts of our sales and customer support team. If our employees fail to adequately promote, market and sell our products, our sales could significantly decrease. As we launch new products, expand our product offerings and increase our marketing efforts with respect to existing products, we will need to expand the reach of our marketing and sales networks. Our future success will depend largely on our ability to continue to hire, train, retain and motivate skilled employees with significant technical knowledge in various areas. An inability to attract, hire, train and retain employees will harm our sales, business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We expect to increase the size of our organization in the future, and we may experience difficulties in managing the operational elements or timing of this growth. If we are unable to manage or appropriately time the anticipated growth of our business, our future revenue and operating results may be harmed.
As of June 30, 2025, we had 209 employees. As our sales and marketing strategies evolve and as we continue operating as a public company, we may need additional managerial, operational, sales, marketing, financial and other personnel. Future growth would impose significant added responsibilities on members of management, including:
•identifying, recruiting, integrating, maintaining and motivating additional employees;
•managing our internal development efforts effectively, while complying with our contractual obligations to contractors and other third parties; and
•improving our operational, financial and management controls, reporting systems and procedures.
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Our future financial performance and our ability to successfully market and sell our RNS System will depend, in part, on our ability to effectively manage or time any future growth, and our management may also have to divert a disproportionate amount of attention away from day-to-day activities in order to devote a substantial amount of time to managing these growth activities.
As demand for our RNS System increases, we will need to continue to scale our capacity at our manufacturing facility, expand customer service, billing and systems processes and enhance our internal quality assurance program. We cannot be certain that any increases in scale, related improvements and quality assurance will be successfully implemented or that appropriate personnel will be available to facilitate the growth of our business. If we encounter difficulty meeting market demand, quality standards or physician expectations, our reputation will be harmed and our business will suffer. Additionally, additional growth may result in higher fixed costs and may slow our ability to reduce costs in the face of a sudden decline in demand for our products.
We may not be able to achieve or maintain satisfactory pricing and margins for our RNS System, which could harm our business and results of operations.
Manufacturers of medical devices have a history of price competition, and we can give no assurance that we will be able to maintain satisfactory prices for our RNS System at the levels we have historically achieved. The pricing of our products could be impacted by several factors, including pressure to reduce prices by our customers due to a decline in the amount that third-party payors reimburse for implant procedures using our RNS System for clinicians providing ongoing patient care. A decline in the amount that third-party payors reimburse our customers for ongoing patient care could also make it difficult for programming centers to conduct ongoing patient support without a corresponding reduction in prices for our products. If we are forced to lower or are unable to increase the price we charge for our RNS System, our gross margins will decrease, which will harm our ability to invest in and grow our business. If we are unable to maintain our prices, or if our costs increase and we are unable to offset such increase with an increase in our prices, our margins could erode, which could harm our business and results of operations.
The current administration’s new and changing tariff framework could inhibit our ability to maintain the RNS System’s gross margin at the historical rates, which could negatively impact our long-range revenue forecast, and the results of operations. In addition, trade restrictions or other political tensions may exacerbate unfavorable macroeconomic conditions, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.
We manufacture and sell the vast majority of our devices in the United States and have limited supply chain activities outside the United States for our RNS System. We expect no material impact on gross margin for the RNS System and DIXI Medical SEEG products as a result of the new current tariff framework. However, our projections could be incorrect as tariff regulations continue to change, undermining our ability to maintain our projected gross margin at the historical rates, which would negatively impact the results of our operations, our revenue projections, and our business.
In addition, any trade disputes, tariffs, restrictions and other political tensions between the United States and other countries may exacerbate unfavorable macroeconomic conditions including inflationary pressures, foreign exchange volatility, financial market instability, and economic recessions or downturns. The ultimate impact of current or future tariffs and trade restrictions remains uncertain and could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and prospects. While we actively monitor these risks, any prolonged economic downturn, escalation in trade tensions, or deterioration in international perception of U.S.-based companies could materially and adversely affect our business, ability to access the capital markets or other financing sources, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.
We are seeking expanded FDA labeling for our RNS System to be able to treat patients with generalized drug-resistant epilepsy as well as patients between the age of 12 and 17 with drug-resistant focal epilepsy, but if we are
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unable to broaden the indications for our RNS System to include these patients, or if the recent FDA staffing changes delay reviews of our applications for indication expansion, our growth potential could be harmed.
Our products are subject to extensive regulation by the FDA in the United States. Before a new medical device or a new intended use for an existing medical device can be marketed in the United States, we must first submit and receive either 510(k) clearance pursuant to Section 510(k) of the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, or the FDCA, or approval of a PMA application or PMA-S from the FDA, unless an exemption applies.
If our clinical studies and collaborations with the National Evaluation System for health Technology to pursue the use of real-world data from the Pediatric Epilepsy Research Consortium do not produce results necessary to support regulatory clearance or approval to expand our indications to include patients with generalized drug-resistant epilepsy as well as patients age 12 to 17 with drug-resistant focal epilepsy, we will be unable to obtain and maintain necessary approvals to expand our indications to include these patients in accordance with our expected timelines, which could harm our growth potential. Furthermore, we could incur substantial costs and the attention of management could be diverted throughout this process. Recent cuts and staffing changes at the FDA could further delay our efforts to expand indications by creating significant and costly delays in the review process for our regulatory submissions; these delays would negatively impact our growth potential and ability to expand our market reach according to our financial plans.
Our growth prospects may be harmed if we are unable to successfully use our unique data asset and analysis capabilities, either internally or through collaboration, or if our expectations with respect to our ability to leverage our unique data asset prove to be incorrect.
In November 2023, we entered into a collaboration with Rapport to leverage our RNS System’s unique biomarker monitoring and data analysis capabilities, and in June 2025, we entered into a subsequent agreement to extend this work on behalf of Rapport. We may continue to seek to leverage our unique data asset or our data monitoring and analysis capabilities by entering into similar collaborations with other entities in the future. If we are unable to continue to build our data asset and our monitoring and analysis capabilities, either internally or through further collaborations, or if our expectations with respect to our ability to leverage our unique data asset prove to be incorrect, our growth prospects may be harmed.
We may expand sales of our RNS System internationally in the future, but we may experience difficulties in obtaining regulatory clearance or approval or in successfully marketing our RNS System internationally even if approved. A variety of risks associated with marketing our RNS System internationally could harm our growth potential.
While our RNS System is not yet approved for sale outside the United States, we may pursue regulatory and reimbursement approval pathways in markets outside of the United States. Sales of our RNS System outside of the United States will be subject to foreign regulatory requirements governing clinical studies and marketing approval, as well as additional post-approval requirements. We would incur substantial expenses in connection with any international expansion. Additional risks related to operating in foreign countries include:
•differing regulatory requirements in foreign countries, including with respect to data privacy and security;
•differing reimbursement regimes in foreign countries, including price controls;
•unexpected changes in tariffs, trade barriers, price and exchange controls and other regulatory requirements;
•economic weakness, including inflation, or political instability in particular foreign economies and markets;
•compliance with tax, employment, immigration and labor laws for employees living or traveling abroad;
•foreign taxes, including withholding of payroll taxes;
•foreign currency fluctuations, which could result in increased operating expenses or reduced revenue;
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•difficulties staffing and managing foreign operations;
•workforce uncertainty in countries where labor unrest is more common than in the United States;
•potential liability under the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, or the FCPA, or comparable foreign regulations;
•challenges enforcing our contractual and intellectual property rights as well as intellectual property theft or compulsory licensing, especially in those foreign countries that do not respect and protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as the United States; and
•business interruptions resulting from geopolitical actions, including tariffs, war and terrorism.
These and other risks associated with international operations may harm our ability to attain or maintain profitable operations internationally, which would harm our growth potential.
In addition, there can be no guarantee that we will receive approval to sell our RNS System in every international market we target, nor can there be any guarantee that any sales would result even if any such approval is received. Approval in the United States, or in any other jurisdiction, does not ensure approval in other jurisdictions. Obtaining foreign approvals could result in significant delays, difficulties and costs for us and require additional studies and additional expenses. Regulatory requirements can vary widely from country to country and could delay the introduction of our RNS System in those countries. If we fail to comply with these regulatory requirements or to obtain and maintain required approvals, our target market will be reduced and our ability to generate revenue will be diminished. Our inability to successfully enter all our desired international markets and manage business on a global scale could harm our growth potential.
Risks related to government regulation and our industry
If we fail to comply with U.S. federal and state laws and regulations, including fraud and abuse and other healthcare laws and regulations, such as those relating to kickbacks and false claims for reimbursement, we could face substantial penalties and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed.
Healthcare providers play a primary role in the distribution, recommendation, ordering and purchasing of any medical device for which we have or obtain marketing clearance or approval. Through our arrangements with healthcare professionals and hospital facilities, we are exposed to broadly applicable anti-fraud and abuse, anti-kickback, false claims and other healthcare laws and regulations that may constrain our business, our arrangements and relationships with customers, and how we market, sell and distribute our marketed medical devices. We have a compliance program, code of conduct and associated policies, procedures, and ongoing training, but it is not always possible to identify and deter misconduct by our employees, contractors, and other third parties, including our customers, and the precautions we take to detect and prevent noncompliance may not be effective in protecting us from governmental investigations for failure to comply with applicable fraud and abuse or other healthcare laws and regulations.
In the United States, we are subject to various state and federal anti-fraud and abuse laws, including, without limitation, the federal Anti-Kickback Statute and federal civil False Claims Act, or the FCA. Our relationships with physicians, other health care professionals and hospitals are subject to scrutiny under these laws. There are also similar laws in other countries that we may become subject to if we expand internationally.
The laws that may affect our ability to operate include, among others:
•the Anti-Kickback Statute, which prohibits, among other things, knowingly and willingly soliciting, offering, receiving or paying remuneration, directly or indirectly, overtly or covertly, in cash or in kind, to induce or reward either the referral of an individual, or the purchase, order or recommendation of, items or services for which payment may be made, in whole or in part, under a federal healthcare program, such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs;
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•federal civil and criminal false claims laws, including the FCA, and civil monetary penalties laws, which prohibits, among other things, persons or entities from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, a false or fraudulent claim for payment of government funds and knowingly making, using or causing to be made or used, a false record or statement to get a false claim paid or to avoid, decrease or conceal an obligation to pay money to the federal government;
•the Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, which applies to our customers and some of their downstream vendors and contractors, imposes criminal and civil liability for, among other actions, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private third-party payors, or knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making a materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement or representation, or making or using any false writing or document knowing the same to contain any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement or entry in connection with the delivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services; and
•the federal Physician Payments Sunshine Act, also known as Open Payments, which requires manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available under Medicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program to report annually, with certain exceptions to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, or CMS, information related to payments or other “transfers of value” made to physicians, as defined by such law, other healthcare professionals (such as physician assistants and nurse practitioners), and teaching hospitals, and requires applicable manufacturers and group purchasing organizations to report annually to CMS ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members.
State and federal regulatory and enforcement agencies continue to actively investigate violations of healthcare laws and regulations, and the U.S. Congress continues to strengthen the arsenal of enforcement tools. Most recently, the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018, or the BBA, increased the criminal and civil penalties that can be imposed for violating certain federal health care laws, including the Anti-Kickback Statute. Enforcement agencies also continue to pursue novel theories of liability under these laws. In particular, government agencies have increased regulatory scrutiny and enforcement activity with respect to manufacturer reimbursement support activities and patient care programs, including bringing criminal charges or civil enforcement actions under the Anti-Kickback Statute, federal civil FCA and HIPAA’s healthcare fraud and privacy provisions.
Achieving and sustaining compliance with applicable federal and state anti-fraud and abuse laws may prove costly. If we or our employees are found to have violated any of the above laws we may be subjected to substantial criminal, civil and administrative penalties, including imprisonment, exclusion from participation in federal healthcare programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, and significant fines, monetary penalties, forfeiture, disgorgement and damages, contractual damages, reputational harm, administrative burdens, diminished profits and future earnings and the curtailment or restructuring of our operations, any of which could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our financial results. Any action or investigation against us for the violation of these healthcare fraud and abuse laws, even if successfully defended, could result in significant legal expenses and could divert our management’s attention from the operation of our business. Companies settling federal civil FCA, Anti-Kickback Statute or civil monetary penalties law cases also may be required to enter into a Corporate Integrity Agreement with the Office of Inspector General, or OIG, in order to avoid exclusion from participation (such as loss of coverage for their products) in federal healthcare programs such as Medicare and Medicaid. Corporate Integrity Agreements typically impose substantial costs and operational burdens on companies to ensure compliance. Defending against any such actions can be detrimental to our reputation and brand and can otherwise be costly, time-consuming and may require significant personnel resources, and may harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, the medical device industry’s relationship with physicians is under increasing scrutiny by the OIG, the U.S. Department of Justice, or the DOJ, the state attorney generals and other foreign and domestic government agencies. Our failure to comply with requirements governing the industry’s relationships with physicians or an investigation into our compliance by the OIG, the DOJ, state attorney generals and other government agencies, could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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Our employees, independent contractors, consultants, commercial partners and vendors may engage in misconduct or other improper activities, including noncompliance with regulatory standards and requirements, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are exposed to the risk that our employees, independent contractors, consultants, commercial partners and vendors may engage in fraudulent or illegal activity. Misconduct by these parties could include intentional, reckless or negligent conduct or disclosure of unauthorized activities to us that violates: (i) the laws of the FDA and other similar foreign regulatory bodies, including those laws requiring the reporting of true, complete and accurate information to such regulators; (ii) manufacturing standards; (iii) healthcare fraud and abuse laws in the United States and similar foreign fraudulent misconduct laws; or (iv) laws that require the true, complete and accurate reporting of financial information or data. These laws may impact, among other things, future sales, marketing and education programs. In particular, the promotion, sales and marketing of healthcare items and services, as well as certain business arrangements in the healthcare industry, are subject to extensive laws designed to prevent fraud, kickbacks, self-dealing and other abusive practices. These laws and regulations may restrict or prohibit a wide range of pricing, discounting, marketing and promotion, structuring and commissions, certain customer incentive programs and other business arrangements generally. Activities subject to these laws also involve the improper use of information obtained in the course of patient recruitment for clinical studies.
We have adopted a code of conduct, employee handbook, compliance policies, and compliance training programs for all employees, but it is not always possible to identify and deter misconduct by our employees and other third parties, and the precautions we take to detect and prevent these activities may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses or in protecting us from governmental investigations or other actions or lawsuits stemming from a failure to be in compliance with such laws or regulations. If any such actions are instituted against us and we are not successful in defending ourselves or asserting our rights, those actions could result in the imposition of significant fines or other sanctions, including the imposition of civil, criminal and administrative penalties, damages, monetary fines, disgorgement, imprisonment, reporting and oversight obligations, possible exclusion from participation in Medicare, Medicaid and other federal healthcare programs, contractual damages, diminished profits and future earnings and curtailment of operations, any of which could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our results of operations. If any such actions are instituted against us and we are not successful in defending ourselves or asserting our rights, those actions could result in integrity issues, or a negative impact to our reputation or brand. Whether or not we are successful in defending against any such actions or investigations, we could incur substantial costs, including legal fees, and divert the attention of management in defending ourselves against any of these claims or investigations, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Regulatory compliance is expensive, complex and uncertain, and a failure to comply could lead to enforcement actions against us and other negative consequences for our business.
The FDA and similar agencies regulate our products as medical devices. Complying with these regulations is costly, time-consuming, complex and uncertain. For instance, before a new medical device, or a new intended use for an existing device, can be marketed in the United States, a company must first submit and receive either 510(k) clearance or approval of a PMA from the FDA, unless an exemption applies. FDA regulations and regulations of similar agencies are wide-ranging and include, among other things, oversight of:
•product design, development, manufacturing (including suppliers and materials) and testing;
•laboratory, preclinical and clinical studies;
•product safety and effectiveness;
•product labeling;
•product storage and shipping;
•record keeping;
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•pre-market clearance or approval;
•marketing, advertising and promotion;
•product sales and distribution;
•product changes;
•product recalls; and
•post-market surveillance and reporting of deaths or serious injuries and certain malfunctions.
Our products are subject to extensive regulation by the FDA and if we expand internationally in the future may be subject to extensive regulation by non-U.S. regulatory agencies. Further, improvements of or changes to our existing products, any potential new products, and new indications for use of our current products will be subject to extensive regulation, and we may require permission from regulatory agencies and ethics boards to conduct clinical studies, as well as clearance or approval from the FDA prior to commercial sale. In order to commercialize and distribute our products in markets outside of the United States, it will require approval from non-U.S. regulatory agencies.
The FDA and foreign regulatory bodies can delay, limit or deny clearance or approval of a device for many reasons, including:
•our inability to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the FDA or the applicable regulatory entity or notified body that our products are safe or effective for their intended uses;
•the disagreement of the FDA or the applicable foreign regulatory body with the design or implementation of our clinical studies or the interpretation of data from clinical studies;
•serious and unexpected adverse device effects experienced by participants in our clinical studies;
•the data from our preclinical studies and clinical studies may be insufficient to support clearance or approval, where required;
•our inability to demonstrate that the clinical and other benefits of the device outweigh the risks;
•the manufacturing process or facilities we use may not meet applicable requirements; and
•the potential for approval policies or regulations of the FDA or applicable foreign regulatory bodies to change significantly in a manner rendering our clinical data or regulatory filings insufficient for clearance or approval.
Failure to comply with applicable U.S. requirements regarding, for example, promoting, manufacturing or labeling our RNS System, may subject us to a variety of administrative or judicial actions and sanctions, such as Form 483 observations, warning letters, untitled letters, product recalls, product seizures, and total or partial suspension of production or distribution, injunctions, fines, civil penalties and criminal prosecution. Any enforcement action by the FDA and other comparable non-U.S. regulatory agencies could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements could result in enforcement action by the FDA or state agencies, which may include any of the following actions:
•untitled letters, warning letters, fines, injunctions, consent decrees and civil penalties;
•removal from FDA’s Voluntary Improvement Program pilot;
•unanticipated expenditures to address or defend such actions;
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•form 483s, or other compliance or enforcement notices, communications or correspondence, including customer notifications for repair, replacement or refunds;
•recall, detention or seizure of our RNS System;
•operating restrictions or partial suspension or total shutdown of production;
•refusing or delaying our requests for 510(k) clearance or PMA of new products or modified products;
•operating restrictions;
•seizure or detention of products;
•withdrawing 510(k) clearances or PMAs that have already been granted;
•refusal to grant export approval for our RNS System;
•criminal prosecution; or
•civil penalties.
If any of these events were to occur, it would have a negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The FDA also regulates the advertising and promotion of our RNS System to ensure that the claims we make are consistent with our regulatory clearances and approvals, that there are adequate and reasonable data to substantiate the claims and that our promotional labeling and advertising is neither false nor misleading in any respect. If the FDA determines that any of our advertising or promotional claims are misleading, not substantiated or not permissible, we may be subject to enforcement actions, including warning letters, and we may be required to revise our promotional claims and make other corrections or restitutions. Additionally, our manufacturing facility is required to comply with extensive requirements imposed by the FDA, including ensuring that quality control and manufacturing procedures conform to the QSR. As such, we will be subject to continual review and inspections to assess compliance with the QSR and adherence to commitments made in any 510(k) or PMA application.
The 510(k) or PMA process can be expensive, lengthy and unpredictable and we will continue to expend time, money and effort in all areas of regulatory compliance, including manufacturing, production and quality control. We may not be able to obtain necessary clearances or approvals or may be unduly delayed in doing so, which would negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, even if we are granted regulatory clearances or approvals, they may include significant limitations on the indicated uses for the product, which may limit the market for the product. Although we have obtained PMA approval to market our RNS System, our approval can be revoked if safety or efficacy problems develop.
Our operations are subject to pervasive and continuing FDA regulatory requirements, and failure to comply with these requirements could harm our growth potential, and our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Before a new medical device or service, or a new intended use for an existing product or service, or a change to an existing product or service can be marketed in the United States, a company must first submit and receive either 510(k) clearance or PMA from the FDA, unless an exemption applies. In the 510(k) clearance process, before a device may be marketed, the FDA must determine that a proposed device is substantially equivalent to a legally-marketed predicate device, which includes a device that has been previously cleared through the 510(k) process, a device that was legally marketed prior to May 28, 1976 (pre-amendments device), a device that was originally on the U.S. market pursuant to an approved PMA and later down-classified, or a 510(k)-exempt device.
In the process of obtaining PMA approval, which was required for our RNS System, the FDA must determine that a proposed device is safe and effective for its intended use based, in part, on extensive data, including, but not limited to, technical, preclinical, clinical study, manufacturing and labeling data. The PMA process is typically required for devices that are deemed to pose the greatest risk, such as life-sustaining, life-supporting or implantable device.
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The FDA could decline to approve any supplemental application that we submit in the future to expand the indications for which our RNS System can be used, which would harm our growth potential.
The FDA and state and international authorities have broad enforcement powers. The medical device industry is now experiencing greater scrutiny and regulation by federal, state and foreign governmental authorities. Companies in our industry are subject to more frequent and more intensive reviews and investigations, often involving the marketing, business practices and product quality management. Such reviews and investigations may result in: civil and criminal proceedings; the imposition of substantial fines and penalties; the receipt of warning letters, untitled letters, demands for recalls or the seizure of our products; the requirement to enter into corporate integrity agreements, stipulated judgments or other administrative remedies; and result in our incurring substantial unanticipated costs and the diversion of key personnel and management’s attention from their regular duties, any of which may harm our business, financial condition and results of operations, and may result in greater and continuing governmental scrutiny of our business in the future.
Additionally, federal, state and foreign governments and entities have enacted laws and issued regulations and other standards requiring increased visibility and transparency of interactions with healthcare providers. For example, Open Payments requires us to annually report to CMS payments and other transfers of value to U.S. physicians and certain other clinicians and U.S. teaching hospitals, with the reported information made publicly available on a searchable website. Failure to comply with these legal and regulatory requirements could impact our business, and we have had and will continue to spend substantial time and financial resources to develop and implement enhanced structures, policies, systems and processes to comply with these legal and regulatory requirements, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Modifications to our products or products we sell may require new 510(k) clearances or PMAs or may require us to recall or cease marketing these products until clearances or approvals are obtained, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In the United States, our RNS System is marketed pursuant to a PMA order issued by the FDA. Any modifications to a PMA-approved device that could significantly affect its safety or effectiveness, including significant design and manufacturing changes, or that would constitute a major change in its intended use, manufacture, design, components, materials, or technology requires approval of a new PMA application or PMA supplement. However, certain changes to a PMA-approved device do not require submission and approval of a new PMA or PMA supplement and may only require notice to FDA in a PMA 30-Day Notice, Special PMA Supplement - Changes Being Effected or PMA Annual Report. The FDA requires every manufacturer to make this determination in the first instance, but the FDA may review any manufacturer’s decision. The FDA may not agree with our decisions regarding whether new approvals are necessary for products that we manufacture and distribute. If the FDA disagrees with our determination and requires us to seek new PMA approvals for modifications to our previously approved products for which we have concluded that new approvals are unnecessary, we may be required to cease marketing or to recall the modified product until we obtain clearance or approval, and we may be subject to significant regulatory fines or penalties.
For products that have received 510(k) clearance, such as our Burr Hole Cover product, modifications that could significantly affect safety and effectiveness, such as changes to the intended use or technological characteristics, may require new 510(k) clearances or PMAs or require us to recall or cease marketing the modified devices until these clearances or approvals are obtained. Based on FDA published guidelines, the FDA requires device manufacturers to initially make and document a determination of whether or not a modification requires a new approval, supplemental approval or clearance; however, the FDA can review a manufacturer’s decision. Any modification to an FDA-cleared device that could significantly affect its safety or efficacy or that would constitute a major change in its intended use would require a new 510(k) clearance, or if such modification put the device into Class III, possibly a PMA. We may not be able to obtain additional 510(k) clearances or PMAs for new products or for modifications to, or additional indications for, our products in a timely fashion, or at all. Delays in obtaining required future clearances or approvals would adversely affect our ability to introduce new or enhanced products in a timely manner, which in turn would harm our future growth.
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We have made modifications to our RNS System in the past and expect to make additional modifications in the future that we believe do not or will not require additional clearances or approvals. If the FDA disagrees and requires new clearances or approvals for these modifications, we may be required to recall and to stop selling or marketing such products as modified, which could harm our operating results and require us to redesign such products. In these circumstances, we may be subject to significant enforcement actions. The FDA may also change its clearance and approval policies, adopt additional regulations or revise existing regulations, or take other actions which may impact our ability to modify our currently approved or cleared products on a timely basis. Any of these actions could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our products or products we distribute may be subject to recalls after receiving FDA approval or clearance, which could divert managerial and financial resources, harm our reputation and our business.
The FDA has the authority to require the recall of our products or products we sell because of any failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations, or defects in design or manufacture. A government mandated or voluntary product recall by us could occur because of, for example, component failures, device malfunctions or other adverse events, such as serious injuries or deaths, or quality-related issues, such as manufacturing errors or design or labeling defects. Any future recalls of our products or products we distribute could divert managerial and financial resources, harm our reputation and negatively impact our business.
If we initiate a correction or removal of one of our products to reduce a risk to health posed by the device, we would be required to submit a publicly available Correction and Removal report to the FDA and, in many cases, similar reports to other regulatory agencies. This report could be classified by the FDA as a device recall which could lead to increased scrutiny by the FDA and our customers regarding the quality and safety of our products. Furthermore, the submission of these reports has been and could be used by competitors against us and could harm our reputation, which could cause customers to delay purchase decisions, cancel orders or decide not to purchase our products and could cause patients to lose trust in and decide not to implant our RNS System.
If any of our products or products that we distribute cause or contribute to a death or a serious injury or malfunction in certain ways, we will be required to report under applicable medical device reporting regulations, or MDRs, which can result in voluntary corrective actions or agency enforcement actions and harm our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.
Under MDRs, medical device manufacturers are required to report to the FDA information that a device has or may have caused or contributed to a death or serious injury or has malfunctioned in a way that would likely cause or contribute to death or serious injury if the malfunction of the device or one of our similar devices were to recur. If we fail to report events required to be reported to the FDA within the required timeframes, or at all, the FDA could take enforcement action and impose sanctions against us. Any such adverse event involving our products also could result in future voluntary corrective actions, such as recalls or customer notifications, or agency action, such as inspection or enforcement action. Any corrective action, whether voluntary or involuntary, as well as defending ourselves in a lawsuit, would be costly, distract management from operating our business, could be used by competitors against us, and may harm our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.
From time to time, we engage outside parties to perform services related to certain of our clinical studies. If these third parties do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or meet expected deadlines, we may not be able to complete our clinical studies on our planned timelines, or at all, and may incur significant additional costs.
From time to time, we engage consultants to help design, monitor and analyze the results of certain of our clinical studies and trials. The consultants we engage may interact with clinical investigators to enroll patients in our clinical studies. We depend on these consultants and clinical investigators to conduct clinical studies and trials and monitor and analyze data from these studies and trials under the investigational plan and protocol for the study or trial and in compliance with applicable regulations and standards, such as the FDA’s Good Clinical Practice, or GCP, guidelines and FDA human subject protection regulations. We may face delays in completing our clinical studies if these parties do not perform their obligations in a timely, compliant or competent manner. If these third parties do not successfully carry out their duties or meet expected deadlines, or if the quality, completeness or accuracy of the data they obtain is compromised due to the failure to adhere to our clinical study protocols or for other reasons, our clinical studies or trials may need to be extended, delayed or terminated or may otherwise prove to be unsuccessful, and we may have to conduct additional studies, which would significantly increase our costs.
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Healthcare reform initiatives and other administrative and legislative proposals may harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows in our key markets.
There have been and continue to be proposals by the federal government, state governments, regulators and third-party payors to control or manage the increased costs of healthcare and, more generally, to reform the U.S. healthcare system. Certain of these proposals could limit the prices we are able to charge for our products or the coverage and reimbursement available for our products and could limit the acceptance and availability of our products. The adoption of proposals to control costs could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
There likely will continue to be legislative and regulatory proposals at the federal and state levels directed at containing or lowering the cost of healthcare. For example, on July 4, 2025, the OBBBA was signed into law, which is expected to reduce Medicaid spending and enrollment by implementing work requirements for some beneficiaries, capping state-directed payments, reducing federal funding, and limiting provider taxes used to fund the program. OBBBA also narrows access to Affordable Care Act marketplace exchange enrollment and declines to extend the Affordable Care Act enhanced advanced premium tax credits, set to expire in 2025, which, among other provisions in the law, are anticipated to reduce the number of Americans with health insurance. We cannot predict the initiatives that may be adopted in the future or their full impact. The continuing efforts of the government, insurance companies, managed care organizations and other payors of healthcare services to contain or reduce costs of healthcare may harm:
•our ability to set a price that we believe is fair for our products;
•our ability to generate revenue and achieve or maintain profitability; and
•the availability of capital.
Further, recently there has been heightened governmental scrutiny over the manner in which manufacturers set prices for their marketed products, which has resulted in several U.S. Congressional inquiries and proposed and enacted federal legislation designed to bring transparency to product pricing and reduce the cost of products and services under government healthcare programs, such as the recently enacted Inflation Reduction Act of 2022. Additionally, individual states in the United States have also increasingly passed legislation and implemented regulations designed to control product pricing, including price or patient reimbursement constraints, discounts, restrictions on certain product access and marketing cost disclosure and transparency measures. Moreover, regional healthcare authorities and individual hospitals are increasingly using bidding procedures to determine what products to purchase and which suppliers will be included in their healthcare programs. Adoption of price controls and other cost-containment measures, and adoption of more restrictive policies in jurisdictions with existing controls and measures may prevent or limit our ability to generate revenue and attain profitability.
Various new healthcare reform proposals are emerging at the federal and state level. Any new federal and state healthcare initiatives that may be adopted could limit the amounts that federal and state governments will pay for healthcare products and services, and could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Compliance with environmental laws and regulations could be expensive, and the failure to comply with these laws and regulations could subject us to significant liability.
Our research, development and manufacturing operations involve the use of hazardous substances, and we are subject to a variety of federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations relating to the storage, use, handling, generation, manufacture, treatment, discharge and disposal of hazardous substances. Our products may also contain hazardous substances, and they are subject laws and regulations relating to labeling requirements and to their sale, collection, recycling, treatment, storage and disposal. Compliance with these laws and regulations may be expensive and noncompliance could result in substantial fines and penalties. Environmental laws and regulations also impose liability for the remediation of releases of hazardous substances into the environment and for personal injuries resulting from exposure to hazardous substances, and they can give rise to substantial remediation costs and to third-party claims, including for property damage and personal injury.
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Liability under environmental laws and regulations can be joint and several and without regard to fault or negligence, and they tend to become more stringent over time, imposing greater compliance costs and increased risks and penalties associated with violations. We cannot be certain that violations of these laws and regulations, or releases of or exposure to hazardous substances, will not occur in the future or have not occurred in the past, including as a result of human error, accidents, equipment failure or other causes. The costs of complying with environmental laws and regulations, and liabilities that may be imposed for violating them, or for remediation obligations or responding to third-party claims, could negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Clinical studies may be delayed, suspended or terminated for many reasons, which will increase our expenses and delay the time it takes to support label expansion for additional indications.
We plan to continue to develop and execute clinical studies to support label retention for our products and label expansion for our products into additional epilepsy populations. We may also develop and execute clinical studies for new products or for label expansion for our current products into patient populations living with other neurologic conditions. We do not know whether future clinical studies will begin on time, need to be redesigned, enroll an adequate number of patients or be completed on schedule, if at all. The commencement and completion of clinical studies to support label retention and expansion for additional indications or for new products may be delayed, suspended or terminated as a result of many factors, including:
•the delay or refusal of regulators or Institutional Review Boards, or IRBs, to authorize us to commence a clinical study at a prospective trial site;
•changes in regulatory requirements, policies and guidelines;
•delays or failure to reach agreement on acceptable terms with prospective clinical research organizations, or CROs, and clinical study sites, the terms of which can be subject to extensive negotiation and may vary significantly among different CROs and trial sites;
•delays in patient enrollment and variability in the number and types of patients available for clinical studies and delays in or the inability to monitor enrolled patients;
•the inability to enroll a sufficient number of patients in studies to observe statistically significant treatment effects in the trial;
•having clinical sites deviate from the trial protocol or dropping out of a study;
•safety or tolerability concerns that could cause us to suspend or terminate a trial if we find that the participants are being exposed to unacceptable health risks;
•regulators or IRBs requiring that we or our investigators suspend or terminate clinical research for various reasons, including noncompliance with regulatory requirements or safety concerns, among others;
•lower than anticipated retention rates of patients and volunteers in clinical studies;
•our CROs or clinical studies sites failing to comply with regulatory requirements or meet their contractual obligations to us in a timely manner, or at all, deviating from the protocol or dropping out of a trial;
•delays relating to adding new clinical study sites; and
•exceeding budgeted costs due to difficulty in accurately predicting costs associated with clinical studies.
We could also encounter delays if a clinical study is suspended or terminated by us, by the IRBs or the Ethics Committees of institutions at which such studies are being conducted, by the Data Safety Monitoring Board for such trial or by the FDA or other regulatory authorities.
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Such authorities may suspend or terminate a clinical study due to a number of factors, including failure to conduct the clinical study in accordance with regulatory requirements, including GCP regulations, or our clinical protocols, inspection of the clinical study operations or trial site by the FDA resulting in the imposition of a clinical hold, unforeseen safety issues or adverse side effects, failure to demonstrate safety and effectiveness, changes in governmental regulations or administrative actions or lack of adequate funding to continue the clinical study.
In addition, we may encounter delays if the FDA concludes that our financial relationships with investigators result in a perceived or actual conflict of interest that may have affected the interpretation of a study, the integrity of the data generated at the applicable clinical study site or the utility of the clinical study itself. Principal investigators for our clinical studies may serve as scientific advisors or consultants to us from time to time and receive cash compensation and/or stock options in connection with such services. If these relationships and any related compensation to or ownership interest by the clinical investigator carrying out the study result in perceived or actual conflicts of interest, or if the FDA concludes that the financial relationship may have affected interpretation of the study, the integrity of the data generated at the applicable clinical study site may be questioned and the utility of the clinical study itself may be jeopardized, which could result in the delay or rejection by the FDA. Any such delay or rejection could prevent us from supporting label retention and expansion for our RNS System.
We may become subject to numerous laws and regulations related to anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws, such as the FCPA and the U.K. Bribery Act, in which violations of these laws could result in substantial penalties and prosecution.
We currently do not market and sell our products outside the United States. However, if we choose to conduct business outside the United States, our business will be subject to various heavily-enforced anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws, such as the FCPA and similar laws around the world. These laws generally prohibit U.S. companies and their employees and intermediaries from offering, promising, authorizing or making improper payments to foreign government officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business or gaining any advantage. We face significant risks if we, which includes our third-party business partners and intermediaries, fail to comply with the FCPA or other anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws. In many foreign countries, particularly in countries with developing economies, it may be a local custom that businesses engage in practices that are prohibited by the FCPA or other applicable laws and regulations. To that end, we may have to incur substantial costs to enhance our controls if we begin doing business outside the United States, and even so, such compliance measures ultimately may not be effective in prohibiting our employees, contractors, business partners, intermediaries or agents from violating or circumventing our policies and/or the law.
Responding to any enforcement action or related investigation may result in a significant diversion of management’s attention and resources and significant defense costs and other professional fees. Any violation of the FCPA or other applicable anti-bribery, anti-corruption or anti-money laundering laws to which we become subject could result in whistleblower complaints, adverse media coverage, investigations, loss of export privileges, severe criminal or civil sanctions and, in the case of the FCPA, suspension or debarment from U.S. government contracts, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks related to privacy, information technology and cybersecurity
Our collection, use, storage, disclosure, transfer and other processing of sensitive and personal information may subject us to stringent and evolving U.S. and foreign laws, regulations and rules, contractual obligations, industry standards, policies and other obligations related to data privacy and security. Our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could lead to significant costs, liabilities and other risks, including as a result of investigations, inquiries, litigation, fines, legislative and regulatory action and negative press about our data privacy and security practices, which may disrupt our business operations and harm our business and reputation, financial conditions, results of operations and prospects and cause other adverse business consequences.
In the course of our operations, we receive, collect, use, generate, store, disclose, transfer, make accessible, protect, secure, dispose of, transmit, share and otherwise process (collectively, process) an increasing volume of sensitive and personal information, including proprietary and confidential business data, trade secrets, intellectual property, data we collect about trial participants in connection with clinical trials, and detailed recordings of iEEGs from patients as well as information from our employees and third parties with whom we conduct business.
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Our data processing activities subject us to numerous data privacy and security obligations, such as various laws, rules, regulations, guidance and industry standards, external and internal privacy and security policies, contractual requirements, and other obligations relating to data privacy and security.
In the United States, various federal and state regulators have adopted, or are considering adopting, laws and regulations concerning personal information and data security, including data breach notification laws. Numerous U.S. states have enacted comprehensive privacy laws that impose certain obligations on covered businesses, including providing specific disclosures in privacy notices and affording residents with certain rights concerning their personal information. As applicable, such rights may include the right to access, correct, or delete certain personal information, and to opt-out of certain data processing activities, such as targeted advertising, profiling, and automated decision-making. The exercise of these rights may impact our business and ability to provide our products and services. Certain states also impose stricter requirements for processing certain personal information, including sensitive information, such as conducting data privacy impact assessments. These state laws allow for statutory fines for noncompliance. For example, the CCPA applies to personal information of consumers, business representatives, and employees, and requires businesses to provide specific disclosures in privacy notices and honor requests of California residents to exercise certain privacy rights. The CCPA provides for fines per intentional violation and allows private litigants affected by certain data breaches to recover significant statutory damages. Although the CCPA exempts some data processed in the context of clinical trials, the CCPA increases compliance costs and potential liability with respect to other personal information we maintain about California residents. In addition, the California Privacy Rights Act of 2020, or CPRA, expands the CCPA’s requirements, including by adding a new right for individuals to correct their personal information and establishing a new regulatory agency to implement and enforce the law. While the laws and regulations of other states also exempt some data processed in the context of clinical trials, these developments further complicate compliance efforts, and increase legal risk and compliance costs for us, and the third parties with whom we work. Additionally, our customers may be subject to additional federal and state privacy and security laws, rules, regulations and standards, including HIPAA, that they require us to comply with through contractual obligations. This patchwork of obligations may give rise to conflicts or differing views of personal privacy rights.
Outside the United States, an increasing number of laws, regulations, and industry standards may govern data privacy and security. For example, the EU GDPR, the United Kingdom’s GDPR, or UK GDPR, and Canada’s Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act, or PIPEDA, impose strict requirements for processing personal information. Under EU GDPR, companies may face temporary or definitive bans on data processing and other corrective actions; fines of up to €20 million Euros under the EU GDPR, 17.5 million pounds sterling under the UK GDPR, or, in each case, four percent of annual global revenues, whichever is greater; or private litigation related to processing of personal information brought by classes of data subjects or consumer protection organizations authorized at law to represent their interests.
For example, on July 4, 2025, the OBBBA was signed into law, which is expected to reduce Medicaid spending and enrollment by implementing work requirements for some beneficiaries, capping state-directed payments, reducing federal funding, and limiting provider taxes used to fund the program. OBBBA also narrows access to Affordable Care Act marketplace exchange enrollment and declines to extend the Affordable Care Act enhanced advanced premium tax credits, set to expire in 2025, which, among other provisions in the law, are anticipated to reduce the number of Americans with health insurance.
We use artificial intelligence, or AI, including generative AI, and machine learning, or ML, technologies in our product development activities and plan to utilize AI-based tools in future product iterations (collectively, AI/ML). The development and use of AI/ML present various privacy and security risks that may impact our business. AI/ML are subject to privacy and data security laws, as well as increasing regulation and scrutiny. Several jurisdictions around the globe, including Europe and certain U.S. states, have proposed, enacted, or are considering laws governing the development and use of AI/ML, such as the EU’s AI Act and Colorado’s AI Act. We expect other jurisdictions will adopt similar laws. Additionally, certain privacy laws extend rights to consumers (such as the right to delete certain personal data) and regulate automated decision making, which may be incompatible with our use of AI/ML. These obligations may make it harder for us to conduct our business using AI/ML, lead to regulatory fines or penalties, require us to change our business practices, retrain our AI/ML, or prevent or limit our use of AI/ML.
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For example, the FTC has required other companies to turn over (or disgorge) valuable insights or trainings generated through the use of AI/ML where they allege the company has violated privacy and consumer protection laws. If we cannot use AI/ML or that use is restricted, our business may be less efficient, or we may be at a competitive disadvantage.
We are also bound by contractual obligations related to data privacy and security, and our efforts to comply with such obligations may not be successful. For example, certain privacy laws, such as the GDPR and the CCPA, require our customers to impose specific contractual restrictions on their service providers. We publish privacy policies, marketing materials, and other statements regarding data privacy and security. If these policies, materials or statements are found to be deficient, lacking in transparency, deceptive, unfair, misleading, or misrepresentative of our practices, we may be subject to investigation, enforcement actions by regulators, or other adverse consequences. In addition to data privacy and security laws, we are contractually subject to industry standards adopted by industry groups and, we are or may become subject to such obligations in the future.
Obligations related to data privacy and security are quickly changing, becoming increasingly stringent, and creating regulatory uncertainty. Additionally, these obligations may be subject to differing applications and interpretations, which may be inconsistent or conflict among jurisdictions. Preparing for and complying with these obligations requires us to devote significant resources and may necessitate changes to our services, information technologies, systems, and practices and to those of any third parties that process personal information on our behalf.
We or the third parties with whom we work may at times fail (or be perceived to have failed) in our efforts to comply with our data privacy and security obligations. Moreover, despite our efforts, our personnel or third parties with whom we work may fail to comply with such obligations, which could negatively impact our business operations. If we or the third parties with whom we work fail, or are perceived to have failed, to address or comply with applicable data privacy and security obligations, we could face significant consequences, including but not limited to: government enforcement actions (e.g., investigations, fines, penalties, audits, inspections, and similar); litigation (including class-action claims) and mass arbitration demands; additional reporting requirements and/or oversight; bans on processing personal information; and orders to destroy or not use personal information. For example, one of our primary competitors has been subject to class action lawsuits and government investigations in connection with their alleged failure to comply with their privacy and security obligations. In particular, plaintiffs have become increasingly more active in bringing privacy-related claims against companies, including class claims and mass arbitration demands. Some of these claims allow for the recovery of statutory damages on a per violation basis, and, if viable, carry the potential for monumental statutory damages, depending on the volume of data and the number of violations. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, or financial condition, including but not limited to: loss of customers; inability to process personal information or to operate in certain jurisdictions; limited ability to develop or commercialize our products; expenditure of time and resources to defend any claim or inquiry; adverse publicity; or substantial changes to our business model or operations.
Disruptions in our information technology systems or data or those of third parties with whom we work, whether through breaches or failures of our systems, ransomware, unauthorized access or otherwise, may result in both an adverse impact to our products, as well as the unauthorized use, disclosure, modification or misappropriation of patient or other personal or sensitive information, the occurrence of fraudulent activity, or other information security-related incidents, all of which could result in adverse consequences, including but not limited to regulatory investigations or actions; litigation; fines and penalties; disruptions of our business operations; reputational harm; loss of revenue or profits; loss of customers or sales; and other adverse consequences, which could have a material and adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are dependent on complex information technology systems for the functioning of our business, including the manufacture, distribution and maintenance of our products, as well as for accounting, data storage, compliance, purchasing and inventory management purposes. We process and collect data about trial participants in connection with clinical trials and patient data, such as detailed recordings of iEEGs to help clinicians make more informed treatment decisions and optimize their patients’ care. These data are recorded by our RNS System and can be viewed by the physician during regular patient visits using the Physician Tablet or on demand through a secure website. Further, in addition to clinical trial and patient data, we and the third parties with whom we work process a growing volume of personal information and confidential, proprietary and sensitive information, which include procedure-based information and sensitive healthcare data, credit card and other financial information, and insurance information (collectively, sensitive information).
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Cyber-attacks, malicious internet-based activity, online and offline fraud, and other similar activities threaten the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our sensitive information and information technology systems, and those of the third parties with whom we work. Such threats are prevalent and continue to rise, are increasingly difficult to detect, and originate from a variety of sources, including traditional computer “hackers,” threat actors, “hacktivists,” organized criminal threat actors, cyber criminals, personnel (such as through theft or misuse), sophisticated nation states, and nation-state-supported actors.
Some actors now engage and are expected to continue to engage in cyber-attacks, including without limitation nation-state actors for geopolitical reasons and in conjunction with military conflicts and defense activities. During times of war and other major conflicts, we and the third parties with whom we work are vulnerable to a heightened risk of these attacks, including retaliatory cyber-attacks, that could materially disrupt our systems and operations, supply chain, and ability to produce, sell and distribute our services.
We and the third parties with whom we work are subject to a variety of evolving threats, including but not limited to social-engineering attacks (including through deep fakes, which are increasingly more difficult to identify as fake, and phishing attacks), malicious code (such as viruses and worms), malware (including as a result of advanced persistent threat intrusions), denial-of-service attacks (such as credential stuffing), credential harvesting, personnel misconduct or error, ransomware attacks, supply-chain attacks, software and zero-day vulnerabilities, server malfunctions, software or hardware failures, loss of data or other information technology assets, adware, telecommunications failures, earthquakes, fires, floods, and other similar threats.
In particular, severe ransomware attacks are becoming increasingly prevalent and can lead to significant interruptions in our operations, loss of sensitive data and income, reputational harm, and diversion of funds. Extortion payments may alleviate the negative impact of a ransomware attack, but we may be unwilling or unable to make such payments due to, for example, applicable laws or regulations prohibiting such payments.
Remote work has increased risks to our information technology systems and data, as our employees utilize network connections, computers and devices outside our premises or network, including working at home, while in transit and in public locations.
Additionally, future or past business transactions (such as acquisitions or integrations) could expose us to additional cybersecurity risks and vulnerabilities, as our systems could be negatively affected by vulnerabilities present in acquired or integrated entities’ systems and technologies. Furthermore, we may discover security issues that were not found during due diligence of such acquired or integrated entities, and it may be difficult to integrate companies into our information technology environment and security program.
In addition, our reliance on third parties could introduce new cybersecurity risks and vulnerabilities, including supply-chain attacks, and other threats to our business operations. We rely on third parties and third-party technologies to operate critical business systems to process sensitive information in a variety of contexts, such as and without limitation, cloud-based infrastructure, data center facilities, encryption and authentication technology, employee email, content delivery to customers, and other functions. We also rely on third parties to provide other products, services, parts, or otherwise to operate our business. Our ability to monitor these third parties’ information security practices is limited, and these third parties may not have adequate information security measures in place. If the third parties with whom we work experience a security incident or other interruption, we could experience adverse consequences. While we may be entitled to damages if these third parties fail to satisfy their privacy or security-related obligations to us, any award may be insufficient to cover our damages, or we may be unable to recover such award. In addition, supply-chain attacks have increased in frequency and severity, and we cannot guarantee that third parties’ infrastructure in our supply chain or our third-party partners’ supply chains have not been compromised.
We expend resources or may have to modify our business activities (including our clinical trial activities) to try to protect against security incidents. Additionally, certain data privacy and security obligations require us to implement and maintain specific security measures or industry-standard or reasonable security measures to protect our information technology systems and sensitive information.
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While we have implemented security measures designed to protect against security incidents, there can be no assurance that these measures will be effective. We take steps designed to detect, mitigate and remediate vulnerabilities in our information systems (such as our hardware and/or software, including that of third parties with whom we work). We have not and may not in the future, however, detect and remediate all such vulnerabilities on a timely basis. Further, we have (and may in the future) experienced delays in deploying remedial measures designed to address any such identified vulnerabilities. Vulnerabilities could be exploited and result in a security incident.
Certain of the previously identified or similar threats may in the future cause a security incident or other interruption that may in the future result in unauthorized, unlawful, or accidental acquisition, modification, destruction, loss, alteration, encryption, disclosure of, or access to our sensitive information or our information technology systems, or those of the third parties with whom we work. For example, we have been the target of unsuccessful phishing attempts in the past and expect such attempts will continue in the future. A security incident or other interruption could disrupt our ability (and that of third parties with whom we work) to provide our services.
It may be difficult and/or costly to detect, investigate, mitigate, contain, and remediate a security incident. Our efforts to do so may not be successful. Actions taken by us or the third parties with whom we work to detect, investigate, mitigate, contain, and remediate a security incident could result in outages, data losses, and disruptions of our business. Threat actors may also gain access to other networks and systems after a compromise of our networks and systems.
Applicable data privacy and security obligations require us, or we may voluntarily choose, to notify relevant stakeholders of certain security incidents, or to take other actions, such as providing credit monitoring and identity theft protection services. Such disclosures and related actions are costly, and the disclosure or the failure to comply with such requirements could lead to adverse consequences.
If we (or a third party with whom we work) experience a security incident or are perceived to have experienced a security incident, we may experience adverse consequences, such as government enforcement actions (for example, investigations, fines, penalties, audits, and inspections); additional reporting requirements and/or oversight; restrictions on processing sensitive information (including personal information); litigation (including class claims); indemnification obligations; negative publicity; reputational harm; monetary fund diversions; interruptions in our operations (including availability of data); financial loss; and other similar harms. Security incidents and attendant consequences may cause customers to stop using our products and services, deter new customers from using our products and services, and negatively impact our ability to grow and operate our business.
Some of our contracts do not contain limitations of liability, and even where they do, there can be no assurance that limitations of liability in our contracts are sufficient to protect us from liabilities, damages, or claims related to our data privacy and security obligations. We currently maintain a cybersecurity insurance policy and business interruption coverage to mitigate certain potential losses but this insurance is limited in amount, and we cannot be certain that such potential losses will not exceed our policy limits, or will cover all potential claims to which we are exposed and may not be adequate or sufficient to protect us from or to mitigate liabilities arising out of our privacy and security practices, that such coverage will continue to be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all, or that such coverage will pay future claims. Therefore, failure to maintain or protect our information systems and data integrity effectively could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
In addition to experiencing a security incident, third parties may gather, collect, or infer sensitive information about us from public sources, data brokers, or other means that reveals competitively sensitive details about our organization and could be used to undermine our competitive advantage or market position. Additionally, sensitive information of the Company could be leaked, disclosed, or revealed as a result of or in connection with our employees’, personnel’s, or vendors’ use of generative AI technologies. Any sensitive information that we input into a third-party generative AI/ML platform could be leaked or disclosed to others, including if sensitive information is used to train the third parties’ AI/ML model. Additionally, where an AI/ML model ingests personal data and makes connections using such data, those technologies may reveal other sensitive information generated by the model.
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Moreover, AI/ML models may create flawed, incomplete, or inaccurate outputs, some of which may appear correct. This may happen if the inputs that the model relied on were inaccurate, incomplete or flawed (including if a bad actor “poisons” the AI/ML with bad inputs or logic), or if the logic of the AI/ML is flawed (a so-called “hallucination”). We may use AI/ML outputs to make certain decisions. Due to these potential inaccuracies or flaws, the model could be biased and could lead us to make decisions that could bias certain individuals (or classes of individuals), and adversely impact their rights, employment, and ability to obtain certain pricing, products, services, or benefits.
We face potential liability related to the privacy of health information we obtain.
We may maintain, use, and share sensitive health information that we receive directly from patients that use our products, throughout the clinical study process, in the course of our research collaborations, and from healthcare providers in the course of using our products and systems. Most healthcare providers, including hospitals from which we obtain patient health information, are subject to privacy and security regulations promulgated under HIPAA, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health, or HITECH. We are not currently classified as a covered entity or business associate under HIPAA and thus are not subject to its requirements or penalties. However, any person may be prosecuted under HIPAA’s criminal provisions either directly or under aiding-and-abetting or conspiracy principles. Consequently, depending on the facts and circumstances, we could face substantial criminal penalties if we knowingly receive, maintain, use, or transfer individually identifiable health information from a HIPAA-covered healthcare provider or research institution that has not satisfied HIPAA’s requirements for disclosure of individually identifiable health information. Furthermore, certain health privacy laws, data breach notification laws, consumer protection laws and genetic testing laws may apply directly to our operations or those of our collaborators and may impose restrictions on our collection, use and dissemination of individuals’ health information. As such, we may be subject to state laws requiring notification of affected individuals and state regulators in the event of a breach of personal information, including certain health information, which is a broader class of information than the health information protected by HIPAA.
Moreover, patients about whom we or our contractors or collaborators obtain or share health information, as well as the providers who share this information with us or whom we share this data with, may have statutory or contractual rights that limit our ability to use and disclose the information. We may be required to expend significant capital and other resources to ensure ongoing compliance with applicable privacy and data security laws. Claims that we have violated individuals’ privacy rights or breached our contractual obligations, even if we are not found liable, could be expensive and time consuming to defend and could result in adverse publicity that could negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. If we or third-party contractors or consultants fail to comply with applicable federal, state or local regulatory requirements, we could be subject to a range of regulatory actions that could affect our or our contractors’ ability to develop and commercialize our products and could harm or prevent sales of our products, or could substantially increase the costs and expenses of developing, commercializing and marketing our products. Any threatened or actual government enforcement action could also generate adverse publicity and require that we devote substantial resources that could otherwise be used in other aspects of our business.
Additionally, data collection, privacy and security have become the subject of increasing public concern and changing preferences towards data collection, privacy and security could adversely affect patient willingness to consent to our collection of their health information. Patients may be reluctant or unwilling to consent to the collecting of their health information, and patients that have opted-in to the collection of their health information may revoke their consent at any time, including as a result of these concerns or as a result of changes to our data policies that we have implemented or may implement in the future. In particular, the success of our business depends in part on our ability to lawfully obtain health information from our patients. If patients choose not to consent to the collection of their health information as a result of these concerns, or our consent practices are found to be unlawful, this could negatively impact the growth potential for our business.
Risks related to our intellectual property
If we are unable to obtain, maintain, protect, enforce and defend patent or other intellectual property protection for our products, or if the scope of the patent and other intellectual property protection obtained is not sufficiently
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broad, or as a result of our existing or any future out-licenses of our intellectual property, our competitors could develop and commercialize products similar to or competitive with our products, our ability to continue to commercialize our RNS System, or our other products, may be harmed.
As with other medical device companies, our success depends in large part on our ability to obtain, maintain, protect, enforce and defend a proprietary position for our products, which will depend upon our success in obtaining and maintaining effective patent and other intellectual property protection in the United States and other countries into which we may expand our business in the future that covers our RNS System and any other products, their manufacturing processes and their intended methods of use. Furthermore, our success will also depend on our ability to enforce and defend those patents, as well as our other intellectual property. In some cases, we may not be able to obtain patents covering our products which are sufficient to prevent third parties, such as our competitors, from utilizing our products, or our competitors may have rights under current or future out-licenses of our intellectual property, which could result in our competitors developing and commercializing products similar to or competitive with our products. Any failure to obtain, maintain, protect, enforce or defend patent and other intellectual property protection with respect to our RNS System or other aspects of our business could harm our business, competitive position, financial condition and results of operations.
Changes in either the patent laws or their interpretation in the United States and other countries may diminish our ability to protect our inventions, obtain, maintain, protect, enforce, and defend our intellectual property rights and, more generally, could affect the value of our intellectual property or narrow the scope of our patents. Additionally, we cannot predict whether the patent applications we are currently pursuing will issue as patents in any particular jurisdiction or whether the claims of any issued patents will provide sufficient protection from competitors or other third parties.
The patent prosecution process is expensive, time-consuming and complex, and we may not be able to file, prosecute, maintain, enforce or license all necessary or desirable patent applications at a reasonable cost or in a timely manner. It is also possible that we will fail to identify patentable aspects of our research and development output in time to obtain patent protection in one, several, or all geographies. Although we enter into non-disclosure and confidentiality agreements with parties who have access to confidential or patentable aspects of our research and development output, such as our employees, corporate collaborators, outside scientific collaborators, suppliers, consultants, advisors and other third parties, any of these parties may breach the agreements and disclose such output before a patent application is filed, thereby jeopardizing our ability to seek patent protection. In addition, our ability to obtain and maintain valid and enforceable patents depends on whether the differences between our inventions and the prior art allow our inventions to be patentable over the prior art. Furthermore, the publication of discoveries in scientific literature often lags behind the actual discoveries, and patent applications in the United States and other jurisdictions are typically not published until 18 months after filing, or in some cases not at all. As such, we cannot be certain that we were the first to make the inventions claimed in any of our patents or pending patent applications, or that we were the first to file for patent protection of such inventions. Moreover, in some circumstances, we may not have the right to control the preparation, filing and prosecution of patent applications, or to maintain the patents covering technology that we license from or license to third parties, including by way of our cross-license with Medtronic, and we are therefore reliant on our licensors or licensees. Therefore, these and any of our patents and patent applications may not be prosecuted and enforced in a manner consistent with the best interests of our business. Furthermore, our license agreements may be terminated by the licensor. Defects of form in the preparation or filing of our patents or patent applications may exist, or may arise in the future, for example, with respect to proper priority claims, inventorship and the like, although we are unaware of any such defects that we believe are of importance. If we or any of our current or future licensors or licensees fail to obtain, maintain, protect, enforce or defend such patents and other intellectual property rights, such rights may be reduced or eliminated. If any of our current or future licensors or licensees are not fully cooperative or disagree with us as to the prosecution, maintenance or enforcement of any patent rights, such patent rights could be compromised. If there are material defects in the form, preparation or prosecution of our patents or patent applications, such patents or applications may be invalid and unenforceable. Any of these outcomes could impair our ability to prevent competition from third parties, which may harm our business.
The strength of patent rights generally, and particularly the patent position of medical device companies, involves complex legal and scientific questions, can be uncertain, and has been the subject of much litigation in recent years.
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This uncertainty includes changes to the patent laws through either legislative action to change statutory patent law or court action that may reinterpret existing law or rules in ways affecting the scope or validity of issued patents. Our current or future patent applications may fail to result in issued patents in the United States or foreign countries with claims that cover our products, including our RNS System. Even if patents do successfully issue from our patent applications, third parties may challenge the validity, enforceability or scope of such patents, which may result in such patents being narrowed, invalidated or held unenforceable. Any successful challenge to our patents could deprive us of exclusive rights necessary for the successful commercialization of our products, including our RNS System. Furthermore, even if they are unchallenged, our patents may not adequately protect our RNS System or any other products we develop, provide exclusivity for these products or prevent others from designing around our claims. If the scope of any patent protection we obtain is not sufficiently broad, or if we lose any of our patent protection, our ability to prevent our competitors from commercializing similar or identical products could be adversely affected. If the breadth or strength of protection provided by the patents we hold or pursue with respect to our products is challenged, it could dissuade companies from collaborating with us to develop, or threaten our ability to commercialize, our products.
Patents have a limited lifespan. In the United States, the natural expiration of a utility patent is generally 20 years after its effective filing date and the natural expiration of a design patent is generally 14 years after its issue date, unless the filing date occurred on or after May 13, 2015, in which case the natural expiration of a design patent is generally 15 years after its issue date. However, the actual protection afforded by a patent varies from country to country, and depends upon many factors, including the type of patent, the scope of its coverage, the availability of regulatory-related extensions, the availability of legal remedies in a particular country and the validity and enforceability of the patent. Various extensions may be available; however, the life of a patent, and the protection it affords, is limited. Without patent protection for our products, we may be open to competition. Further, if we encounter delays in our development efforts, the period of time during which we could market our products under patent protection would be reduced and, given the amount of time required for the development, testing and regulatory review of planned or future products, patents protecting such products might expire before or shortly after such products are commercialized. As our patents expire, the scope of our patent protection will be reduced, which may reduce or eliminate any competitive advantage afforded by our patent portfolio. As a result, our patent portfolio may not provide us with sufficient rights to exclude others from commercializing products similar or identical to ours.
Moreover, the coverage claimed in a patent application can be significantly reduced before the patent is issued, and its scope can be reinterpreted after issuance. Even if patent applications we license or own, currently or in the future, issue as patents, they may not issue in a form that will provide us with any meaningful protection, prevent competitors or other third parties from competing with us, or otherwise provide us with any competitive advantage. Any patents that we own may be challenged, narrowed, circumvented or invalidated by third parties. Consequently, we do not know whether our RNS System or our other products will be protectable or remain protected by valid and enforceable patents. Our competitors or other third parties may be able to circumvent our patents by developing similar or alternative products in a non-infringing manner, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Some of our patents and patent applications may be co-owned or cross-licensed with third parties. If we give up, do not pursue, or are unable to obtain an exclusive license to any such third-party co-owners’ or licensee’s interest in such patents or patent applications, such co-owners may be able to license their rights to other third parties, including our competitors, and our competitors could market competing products and technology. In addition, we may need the cooperation of any such co-owners of our patents in order to enforce such patents against third parties, and such cooperation may not be provided to us. Any of the foregoing could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may not be successful in obtaining necessary rights to any products or processes we may develop through acquisitions and in-licenses.
We may find it necessary or prudent to acquire or obtain licenses to intellectual property or proprietary rights held by third parties that we may identify as necessary or important to our business operations. However, we may be unable to acquire or secure such licenses to any or all intellectual property or proprietary rights from third parties that we identify as necessary for our RNS System or any future products we may develop.
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The acquisition or licensing of third-party intellectual property or proprietary rights is a competitive area, and our competitors may pursue strategies to acquire or license third-party intellectual property or proprietary rights that we may consider attractive or necessary. Our competitors may have a competitive advantage over us due to their size, capital resources and greater development and commercialization capabilities. In addition, companies that perceive us to be a competitor may be unwilling to assign or license rights to us. We also may be unable to acquire or license third-party intellectual property or proprietary rights on terms that would allow us to make an appropriate return on our investment or at all. If we are unable to successfully acquire or license required third-party intellectual property or proprietary rights or maintain the existing licenses to intellectual property rights we have, we may have to spend time and resources to develop intellectual property ourselves or abandon development of the relevant product, both of which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Patents covering our products, including our RNS System could be found invalid or unenforceable if challenged in court or before administrative bodies in the United States or abroad, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The issuance of a patent is not conclusive as to its inventorship, scope, validity or enforceability, and our patents may be challenged in the courts or patent offices in the United States and abroad. We may be subject to a third-party preissuance submission of prior art to the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or the USPTO, or become involved in opposition, derivation, revocation, reexamination, post-grant and inter partes review, or IPR, or interference proceedings or other similar proceedings challenging our patent rights. An adverse determination in any such submission, proceeding or litigation could reduce the scope of, or invalidate or render unenforceable, such patent rights, allow third parties to commercialize our products and compete directly with us, without payment to us, or result in our inability to manufacture or commercialize products without infringing third-party patent rights. Moreover, we may have to participate in interference proceedings declared by the USPTO to determine priority of invention or in post-grant challenge proceedings, such as oppositions in a foreign patent office, that challenge our priority of invention or other features of patentability with respect to our patents and patent applications. Such challenges may result in loss of patent rights, in loss of exclusivity, or in patent claims being narrowed, invalidated or held unenforceable, which could limit our ability to stop others from using or commercializing similar or identical products or limit the duration of the patent protection of our products. Such proceedings also may result in substantial cost and require significant time from our management, even if the eventual outcome is favorable to us.
In addition, if we initiate legal proceedings against a third party to enforce a patent covering our products, the defendant could counterclaim that such patent is invalid or unenforceable. In patent litigation in the United States, defendant counterclaims alleging invalidity or unenforceability are commonplace. Grounds for a validity challenge could be an alleged failure to meet any of several statutory requirements, including lack of novelty, obviousness or non-enablement. Grounds for an unenforceability assertion could be an allegation that someone connected with prosecution of the patent withheld relevant information from the USPTO or made a misleading statement during prosecution. Defenses of these types of claims, regardless of their merit, would involve substantial litigation expense, would result in reputational harm, and would be a substantial diversion of employee resources from our business. Third parties may also raise claims challenging the validity or enforceability of our patents before administrative bodies in the United States or abroad, even outside the context of litigation, including through re-examination, post-grant review, IPR, interference proceedings, derivation proceedings and equivalent proceedings in foreign jurisdictions (such as opposition proceedings). Such proceedings could result in the revocation of, cancellation of or amendment to our patents in such a way that they no longer cover our products. The outcome for any particular patent following legal assertions of invalidity and unenforceability is unpredictable. With respect to the validity question, for example, we cannot be certain that there is no invalidating prior art, of which we and the patent examiner were unaware during prosecution. If a defendant or other third party were to prevail on a legal assertion of invalidity or unenforceability, we would lose at least part, and perhaps all, of the patent protection for the patents raised in such a claim. Such a loss of patent protection would harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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The medical device industry is characterized by patent litigation and in the future we could become subject to patent or other intellectual property litigation that could be costly, result in the diversion of management’s time and efforts, require us to pay damages or prevent us from marketing our existing or future products.
Patent litigation is prevalent in the medical device and diagnostic sectors. Our commercial success depends in part upon our ability and that of our suppliers to manufacture, market, sell, and use our proprietary products without infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating the intellectual property or proprietary rights of third parties. We may in the future become party to, or be threatened with, adversarial proceedings or litigation regarding intellectual property rights with respect to our products. Additional third parties may assert infringement claims against us based on existing or future intellectual property rights, regardless of merit. If we are found to infringe a third party’s intellectual property rights, we could be required to incur costs to obtain a license from such third party to continue developing and marketing our products. We may also elect to enter into such a license in order to settle pending or threatened litigation. However, we may not be able to obtain any required license on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. Even if we were able to obtain a license, it could be non-exclusive, thereby giving our competitors access to the same technologies licensed to us, and could require us to pay significant royalties and other fees. We could be forced, including by court order, to cease commercializing the infringing product. In addition, we could be found liable for monetary damages, which may be significant. If we are found to have willfully infringed a third-party patent, we could be required to pay treble damages and attorneys’ fees. A finding of infringement could prevent us from commercializing our planned products in commercially important territories, or force us to cease some of our business operations, which could harm our business and cause brand and reputational harm. We could also be forced to redesign those products that contain the allegedly infringing intellectual property, which could be costly, disruptive and infeasible. Many of our employees were previously employed at, and many of our current advisors and consultants are employed by, universities or other biotechnology, medical device, healthcare, or pharmaceutical companies, including our competitors or potential competitors. Although we try to ensure that our employees, advisors and consultants do not use the proprietary information or know-how of others in their work for us, we may be subject to claims that we, or these employees, have used or disclosed intellectual property, including trade secrets or other proprietary information, of any such employee’s former employer. Furthermore, although these agreements may be difficult to enforce, we may in the future be subject to claims that these individuals are violating non-compete agreements with their former employers. These and other claims that we have misappropriated the confidential information or trade secrets of third parties can have a similar negative impact on our business to the infringement claims discussed above.
Even if we are successful in defending against intellectual property claims, litigation or other legal proceedings relating to such claims may cause us to incur significant expenses, cause reputational harm, and could distract our technical and management personnel from their normal responsibilities. If we fail in defending any such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages or other settlements, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, there could be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions or other interim proceedings or developments and if securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, it could have a substantial negative impact on the price of our common shares. Such litigation or proceedings could substantially increase our operating losses and reduce our resources available for development activities. We may not have sufficient financial or other resources to adequately conduct such litigation or proceedings. Some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of such litigation or proceedings more effectively than we can because of their substantially greater financial resources. Uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of litigation or other intellectual property related proceedings could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Obtaining and maintaining our patent protection depends on compliance with various procedural, document submission, fee payment and other requirements imposed by government patent agencies, and our patent protection could be reduced or eliminated for non-compliance with these requirements.
Obtaining and maintaining our patent protection depends on compliance with various procedural measures, document submissions, fee payments and other requirements imposed by government patent agencies, and our patent protection could be reduced or eliminated for non-compliance with these requirements.
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Periodic maintenance fees, renewal fees, annuity fees and various other government fees on patents and patent applications will be due to be paid to the USPTO and various government patent agencies outside of the United States over the lifetime of our patents and applications. The USPTO and various non-U.S. government agencies require compliance with several procedural, documentary, fee payment and other similar provisions during the patent application process. In some cases, an inadvertent lapse can be cured by payment of a late fee or by other means in accordance with the applicable rules. There are situations, however, in which non-compliance can result in the abandonment or lapse of the patent or patent application, resulting in a partial or complete loss of patent rights in the relevant jurisdiction. In such an event, potential competitors might be able to enter the market with similar or identical products or technology, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Certain of our patents are, and our future owned and in-licensed patents may be, discovered through government funded programs and thus may subject to federal regulations such as “march-in” rights, certain reporting requirements and a preference for U.S.-based companies. Compliance with such regulations may limit our exclusive rights and limit our ability to contract with non-U.S. manufacturers.
Certain of our patents are, and our future owned and in-licensed patents may be, discovered through government funded programs. As a result, the U.S. government may have certain rights to intellectual property embodied in our current or future products pursuant to the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980, or the Bayh-Dole Act, and implementing regulations, which are amended from time to time. These U.S. government rights in certain inventions developed under a government-funded program include a non-exclusive, non-transferable, irrevocable worldwide license to use inventions for any governmental purpose. In addition, the U.S. government has the right to require us or our licensors to grant exclusive, partially exclusive, or non-exclusive licenses to any of these inventions to a third party if it determines that: (i) adequate steps have not been taken to commercialize the invention; (ii) government action is necessary to meet public health or safety needs; or (iii) government action is necessary to meet requirements for public use under federal regulations, which are also referred to as “march-in rights.” The U.S. government also has the right to take title to these inventions if we, or the applicable licensor, fail to disclose the invention to the government and fail to file an application to register the intellectual property within specified time limits. These time limits have recently been changed by regulation and may change in the future. Intellectual property generated under or in collaboration with a government funded program is also subject to certain reporting requirements, compliance with which may require us or the applicable licensor to expend substantial resources. In addition, the U.S. government requires that any products embodying the subject invention or produced through the use of the subject invention be manufactured substantially in the United States. The manufacturing preference requirement can be waived if the owner of the intellectual property can show that reasonable but unsuccessful efforts have been made to grant licenses on similar terms to potential licensees that would be likely to manufacture substantially in the United States or that under the circumstances domestic manufacture is not commercially feasible. This preference for U.S. manufacturers may limit our future ability to contract with non-U.S. product manufacturers for products covered by such intellectual property. If the U.S. government decides to exercise these rights, it is not required to engage us as its contractor in connection with doing so. These rights may permit the U.S. government to disclose our confidential information to third parties. To the extent any of our current or future intellectual property is generated through the use of U.S. government funding, the provisions of the Bayh-Dole Act may similarly apply. Any exercise by the government of any of the foregoing rights could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
If we fail to comply with our obligations in any current or future agreements under which we license intellectual property rights from third parties or otherwise experience disruptions to our business relationships with our licensors, we could lose license rights that are important to our business.
We are and may become party to license or collaboration agreements with third parties to advance our research or allow commercialization of our products. Such agreements may impose numerous obligations, such as development, diligence, payment, commercialization, funding, milestone, royalty, sublicensing, insurance, patent prosecution, enforcement and other obligations on us and may require us to meet development timelines, or to exercise certain efforts to develop and commercialize licensed products, in order to maintain the licenses. In spite of our best efforts, our licensors might conclude that we have materially breached such license agreements and might therefore terminate the license agreements, thereby removing or limiting our ability to develop and commercialize products and technologies covered by these license agreements.
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Any termination of these licenses could result in the loss of significant rights and could harm our ability to commercialize our products, and competitors or other third parties would have the freedom to seek regulatory approval of, and to market, products identical to ours. We may further be required to cease our development and commercialization of certain of our products. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial conditions, results of operations, and prospects.
Disputes may also arise between us and our licensors regarding intellectual property subject to a license agreement, including:
•the scope of rights granted under the license agreement and other interpretation-related issues;
•whether and the extent to which our technology and processes infringe, misappropriate or otherwise violate intellectual property rights of the licensor that are not subject to the license agreement;
•our right to sublicense patent and other rights to third parties under collaborative development relationships;
•our diligence obligations with respect to the use of the licensed technology in relation to our development and commercialization of our products, and what activities satisfy those diligence obligations;
•the priority of invention of any patented technology; and
•the ownership of inventions and know-how resulting from the joint creation or use of intellectual property by our future licensors and us and our partners.
In addition, the agreements under which we may license intellectual property or technology from third parties are likely to be complex, and certain provisions in such agreements may be susceptible to multiple interpretations. The resolution of any contract interpretation disagreement that may arise could narrow what we believe to be the scope of our rights to the relevant intellectual property, or increase what we believe to be our financial or other obligations under the relevant agreement, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our sales, business, financial condition or results of operations. Moreover, if disputes over intellectual property that we may license prevent or impair our ability to maintain future license agreements on acceptable terms, we may be unable to successfully develop and commercialize the affected products, which could have a material adverse effect on our sales, business, financial conditions or results of operations.
If we are unable to obtain patent term extension under the Hatch-Waxman Amendments, our business may be materially harmed.
Depending upon the timing, duration and specifics of FDA marketing approval of our products, one or more of the U.S. patents we own or license may be eligible for limited patent term restoration under the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984, referred to as the Hatch-Waxman Amendments. The Hatch-Waxman Amendments permit a patent restoration term of up to five years for a patent covering an approved product as compensation for effective patent term lost during product development and the FDA regulatory review process. However, even if, at the relevant time, we have an issued patent covering our product, we may not be granted an extension if we were, for example, to fail to exercise due diligence during the testing phase or regulatory review process, to fail to apply within applicable deadlines or prior to expiration of relevant patents or otherwise to fail to satisfy applicable requirements. Moreover, the time period of the extension or the scope of patent protection afforded could be less than we request. Only one patent per approved product can be extended, the extension cannot extend the total patent term beyond 14 years from approval and only those claims covering the approved product, a method for using it or a method for manufacturing it may be extended. If we are unable to obtain patent term extension or restoration or the term of any such extension is less than we request, the period during which we can enforce our patent rights for the applicable product will be shortened and our competitors may obtain approval of competing products following our patent expiration. As a result, our ability to generate revenues could be adversely affected. Further, if this occurs, our competitors may take advantage of our investment in development and studies by referencing our clinical and preclinical data and launch their product earlier than might otherwise be the case. If we do not have adequate patent protection or other exclusivity for our products, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected.
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We have limited foreign intellectual property rights and may not be able to protect our intellectual property and proprietary rights throughout the world, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We have limited intellectual property rights outside the United States. Filing, prosecuting and defending patents on our products in all countries throughout the world would be prohibitively expensive, and the laws of foreign countries may not protect our rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. Consequently, we may not be able to prevent third parties from practicing our inventions in all countries outside the United States, or from selling or importing products made using our inventions in and into the United States or other jurisdictions. Competitors may use our technologies in jurisdictions where we have not obtained patent protection to develop their own products and, further, may export otherwise infringing products to territories where we have patent protection but enforcement is not as strong as in the United States. While we do not currently operate or sell our products outside of the United States, these products may compete with our products, and our patents or other intellectual property rights may not be effective or sufficient to prevent them from competing. Patent protection must ultimately be sought on a country-by-country basis, which is an expensive and time-consuming process with uncertain outcomes. Accordingly, we may choose not to seek patent protection in certain countries, and we will not have the benefit of patent protection in such countries, which may impede on our ability to grow outside of the United States.
Many companies have encountered significant problems in protecting and defending intellectual property rights in foreign jurisdictions. The legal systems of certain countries, particularly certain developing countries, do not favor the enforcement of patents, trade secrets and other intellectual property protection, which could make it difficult for us to stop the infringement of our patents or marketing of competing products in violation of our intellectual property and proprietary rights generally. Proceedings to enforce our intellectual property and proprietary rights in foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial costs and divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business, could put our patents at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly, could put our patent applications at risk of not issuing and could provoke third parties to assert claims against us. We may not prevail in any lawsuits that we initiate, and the damages or other remedies awarded, if any, may not be commercially meaningful. Accordingly, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property and proprietary rights around the world may be inadequate to obtain a significant commercial advantage from the intellectual property that we develop or license.
Many countries have compulsory licensing laws under which a patent owner may be compelled to grant licenses to third parties. In addition, many countries limit the enforceability of patents against government agencies or government contractors. In these countries, the patent owner may have limited remedies, which could materially diminish the value of such patent. If we are forced to grant a license to third parties with respect to any patents relevant to our business, our competitive position may be impaired, and our business, financial condition and results of operations may be harmed.
Changes in U.S. patent law could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our products.
Changes in either the patent laws or interpretation of the patent laws in the United States could increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of patent applications and the enforcement or defense of issued patents. Assuming that other requirements for patentability are met, prior to March 2013, in the United States, the first to invent the claimed invention was entitled to the patent, while outside the United States, the first to file a patent application was entitled to the patent. After March 2013, under the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act, or the America Invents Act, enacted in September 2011, the United States transitioned to a first inventor to file system in which, assuming that other requirements for patentability are met, the first inventor to file a patent application will be entitled to the patent on an invention regardless of whether a third party was the first to invent the claimed invention. A third party that files a patent application in the USPTO after March 2013, but before us could therefore be awarded a patent covering an invention of ours even if we had made the invention before it was made by such third party. This will require us to be cognizant of the time from invention to filing of a patent application. Since patent applications in the United States and most other countries are confidential for a period of time after filing or until issuance, we could continue incurring costs without being certain that we were the first to file any patent application related to our products or invent any of the inventions claimed in our patents or patent applications.
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The America Invents Act also includes a number of significant changes that affect the way patent applications are prosecuted and also may affect patent litigation. These include allowing third-party submission of prior art to the USPTO during patent prosecution and additional procedures to attack the validity of a patent by USPTO administered post-grant proceedings, including post-grant review, inter partes review and derivation proceedings. Because of a lower evidentiary standard in USPTO proceedings compared to the evidentiary standard in U.S. federal courts necessary to invalidate a patent claim, a third party could potentially provide evidence in a USPTO proceeding sufficient for the USPTO to hold a claim invalid even though the same evidence would be insufficient to invalidate the claim if first presented in a district court action. Accordingly, a third party may attempt to use the USPTO procedures to invalidate our patent claims that would not have been invalidated if first challenged by the third party as a defendant in a district court action. Additionally, USPTO proceedings provide a venue for challenging the validity of patents at a cost must lower than district court litigation and on much faster timelines. This lower-cost, faster and potentially more potent tribunal for challenging patents could itself increase the likelihood that our own patents will be challenged. Therefore, the America Invents Act and its implementation could increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent applications and the enforcement or defense of our issued patents. In addition, future actions by the U.S. Congress, the federal courts and the USPTO could cause the laws and regulations governing patents to change in unpredictable ways. Any of the foregoing could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, recent U.S. Supreme Court rulings have narrowed the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances and weakened the rights of patent owners in certain situations. In addition to increasing uncertainty with regard to our ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty with respect to the validity and enforceability of patents, once obtained. Depending on future actions by the U.S. Congress, the federal courts, and the USPTO, the laws and regulations governing patents could change in unpredictable ways that could weaken our ability to obtain new patents or to enforce our existing patents and patents that we might obtain in the future. We cannot predict how this and future decisions by the courts, the U.S. Congress or the USPTO may impact the value of our patents. Any similar adverse changes in the patent laws of other jurisdictions could also harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
We may be subject to claims, including third-party claims of intellectual property infringement, misappropriation or other violations against us or our collaborators, challenging the ownership or inventorship of our intellectual property and, if unsuccessful in any of these proceedings, we may be required to obtain licenses from third parties, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, or to cease the development, manufacture and commercialization of one or more of our products.
The medical device industry is highly competitive and dynamic. Due to the focused research and development that is taking place by several companies, including us and our competitors, in this field, the intellectual property landscape is in flux, and it may remain uncertain in the future. As such, we may be subject to claims that current or former employees, collaborators or other third parties have an interest in our patents, trade secrets or other intellectual property as an inventor or co-inventor. Additionally, we could become subject to significant intellectual property-related litigation and proceedings relating to our or third-party intellectual property and proprietary rights. For example, we may have inventorship disputes arise from conflicting obligations of employees, consultants or others who are involved in developing our products, or could face third-party claims of intellectual property infringement, misappropriation or other violations, including by a licensor from whom we’ve licensed certain intellectual property.
Litigation may be necessary to defend against these and other claims challenging inventorship of our patents, trade secrets or other intellectual property. If we fail in defending any such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights, such as exclusive ownership of, or right to use, intellectual property that is important to our products. If we were to lose exclusive ownership of such intellectual property, other owners may be able to license their rights to other third parties, including our competitors. We also may be required to obtain and maintain licenses from third parties, including parties involved in any such disputes. Such licenses may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, or may be non-exclusive. If we are unable to obtain and maintain such licenses, we may need to cease the development, manufacture and commercialization of one or more of our products.
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The loss of exclusivity or the narrowing of our patent claims could limit our ability to stop others from using or commercializing similar or identical technology and products. Even if we are successful in defending against such claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to management and other employees. Any of the foregoing could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Additionally, our commercial success depends in part on our and any potential future collaborators’ ability to develop, manufacture, market and sell any products that we may develop and use our proprietary technologies without infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating the patents and other intellectual property or proprietary rights of third parties. It is uncertain whether the issuance of any third-party patent would require us or any potential collaborators to alter our development or commercial strategies, obtain licenses or cease certain activities. The medical device industry is characterized by extensive litigation regarding patents and other intellectual property rights, as well as administrative proceedings for challenging patents, including interference, inter partes or post-grant review, derivation and reexamination proceedings before the USPTO or oppositions and other comparable proceedings in foreign jurisdictions.
Third parties, including our competitors, may currently have patents or obtain patents in the future and claim that the manufacture, use or sale of our products infringes upon these patents. We have not conducted an extensive search of patents issued or assigned to other parties, including our competitors, and no assurance can be given that patents containing claims covering our products, parts of our products, technology or methods do not exist, have not been filed or could not be filed or issued. In addition, because patent applications can take many years to issue and because publication schedules for pending patent applications vary by jurisdiction, there may be applications now pending of which we are unaware and which may result in issued patents which our current or future products infringe. Also, because the claims of published patent applications can change between publication and patent grant, there may be published patent applications that may ultimately issue with claims that we infringe. Unintentionally abandoned patents or applications can also be revived, so there may be recently revived patents or applications of which we are unaware. As the number of competitors in our market grows and the number of patents issued in this area increases, the possibility of patent infringement claims against us escalates. Moreover, we may face claims from non-practicing entities, or NPEs, which have no relevant product revenue and against whom our own patent portfolio may have no deterrent effect. Third parties, including NPEs, may in the future claim, that our products infringe or violate their patents or other intellectual property rights.
In the event that any third-party claims that we infringe their patents or that we are otherwise employing their proprietary technology without authorization and initiates litigation against us, even if we believe such claims are without merit, there is no assurance that a court would find in our favor on questions of infringement, validity, enforceability or priority. A court of competent jurisdiction could hold that these third-party patents are valid, enforceable and infringed by our products, which could harm our ability to commercialize any product we may develop and any other technologies covered by the asserted third-party patents. In order to successfully challenge the validity of any such U.S. patent in federal court, we would need to overcome a presumption of validity. As this burden is a high one requiring us to present clear and convincing evidence as to the invalidity of any such U.S. patent claim, there is no assurance that a court of competent jurisdiction would invalidate the claims of any such U.S. patent. If we are found to infringe third-party intellectual property rights, including patents, and we are unsuccessful in demonstrating that such patents or other intellectual property rights are invalid or unenforceable, such third parties may be able to block our ability to commercialize the applicable products or technology unless we obtain a license under the applicable patents, or until such patents expire or are finally determined to be held invalid or unenforceable. Such a license may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. Even if we are able to obtain a license, the license would likely obligate us to pay significant license fees and/or royalties, and the rights granted to us might be non-exclusive, which could result in our competitors gaining access to the same technology. If we are unable to obtain a necessary license to a third-party patent on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, we may be unable to commercialize our products, or such commercialization efforts may be significantly delayed, which could in turn significantly harm our business.
Defense of infringement claims, regardless of their merit or outcome, would involve substantial litigation expense and would be a substantial diversion of management and other employee resources from our business, and may impact our reputation.
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In the event of a successful claim of infringement against us, we may be enjoined from further developing or commercializing the infringing products and/or have to pay substantial damages for use of the asserted intellectual property, including treble damages and attorneys’ fees were we found to willfully infringe such intellectual property. Claims that we have misappropriated the confidential information or trade secrets of third parties could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. We also might have to redesign our infringing products or technologies, which may be impossible or require substantial time and monetary expenditure.
Engaging in litigation, including to defend against third-party infringement claims is very expensive, particularly for a company of our size, and time-consuming. In addition, there could be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions or other interim proceedings or developments, and if securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, it could have a substantial negative impact on our common stock price. Such litigation or proceedings could substantially increase our operating losses and reduce the resources available for development activities or any future sales, marketing or distribution activities. We may not have sufficient financial or other resources to conduct such litigation or proceedings adequately. Some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of litigation or administrative proceedings more effectively than we can because of greater financial resources and more mature and developed intellectual property portfolios. Uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of patent litigation or other proceedings against us could impair our ability to compete in the marketplace. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may become involved in lawsuits to protect or enforce our patents and other intellectual property rights, which could be expensive, time-consuming and unsuccessful.
Competitors may infringe our patents, or the patents of any current or future licensing partners, or we may be required to defend against claims of infringement. Our ability to enforce our patent rights against competitors who infringe our patents depends on our ability to detect such infringement. It may be difficult to detect infringers who do not advertise the components that are used in their products. Moreover, it may be difficult or impossible to obtain evidence of infringement in a competitor’s or potential competitor’s product. We may not prevail in any lawsuits that we initiate and the damages or other remedies awarded if we were to prevail may not be commercially meaningful.
In addition, our patents or the patents of our licensing partners also may become involved in inventorship, priority or validity disputes. For example, although we try to ensure that our employees, consultants and advisors are not in breach of any past contractual obligations and do not use the proprietary information or know-how of others in the work that they do for us, we may in the future become subject to claims that we or these individuals have, inadvertently or otherwise, used or disclosed intellectual property, including trade secrets or other proprietary information, of their former university or employer. Additionally, we may be subject to claims from third parties challenging intellectual property rights we regard as our own, based on claims that our agreements with employees or consultants obligating them to assign intellectual property to us are ineffective or in conflict with prior or competing contractual obligations to assign inventions to a previous employer, or to another person or entity. Furthermore, while it is our policy to require all employees and contractors to execute agreements assigning relevant intellectual property to us, we may also be unsuccessful in executing such an agreement with each party who, in fact, conceives or develops intellectual property that we regard as our own. These assignment agreements may not be self-executing or adequate in scope, and may be breached or challenged, and we may be forced to bring claims against third parties, or defend claims that they may bring against us, to determine the ownership of what we regard as our intellectual property. We may not have adequate remedies for any such breaches, and such claims could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
To counter or defend against such claims can be expensive and time-consuming and it may be necessary or we may desire to enter into a license to settle any such claims; however, there can be no assurance that we would be able to obtain a license on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. In an infringement proceeding, a court may decide that our patent is invalid or unenforceable, or may refuse to stop the other party from using the technology at issue on the grounds that our patents do not cover such technology. An adverse result in any litigation proceeding could put one or more of our patents at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly. Furthermore, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation, there is a risk that some of our confidential information could be compromised by disclosure during litigation.
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Even if resolved in our favor, litigation or other legal proceedings relating to intellectual property claims may cause us to incur significant expenses and could distract our management and other personnel from their normal responsibilities. In addition, there could be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions or other interim proceedings or developments, and if securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, it could have a substantial negative impact on our common stock price. Such litigation or proceedings could substantially increase our operating losses and reduce the resources available for development activities or any future sales, marketing or distribution activities. We may not have sufficient financial or other resources to conduct such litigation or proceedings adequately. Some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of such litigation or proceedings more effectively than we can because of their greater financial resources and more mature and developed intellectual property portfolios. Uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of patent litigation or other proceedings could harm our ability to compete in the marketplace, including ability to hire new employees or contract with independent sales representatives. Additionally, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel. Any of the foregoing could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If our trademarks and trade names are not adequately protected, then we may not be able to build name recognition in our markets of interest and our business may be harmed.
Our registered and unregistered trademarks or trade names may be challenged, infringed, circumvented, declared generic or determined to be violating or infringing on other marks. We may not be able to protect our rights to these trademarks and trade names, which we need to build or sustain name recognition among potential partners, customers and patients in our markets of interest. At times, competitors or other third parties may adopt trade names or trademarks similar to ours, thereby impeding our ability to continue to build brand identity and possibly leading to market confusion. In addition, there could be potential trade name or trademark infringement or dilution claims brought by owners of other trademarks. Over the long term, if we are unable to establish name recognition based on our trademarks, trade names, domain names or other intellectual property, then we may not be able to compete effectively and our business may be adversely affected. Our efforts to enforce or protect our proprietary rights related to trademarks, trade secrets, domain names or other intellectual property may be ineffective, could result in substantial costs, diversion of resources, or adverse impact to our brand and could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Intellectual property rights do not necessarily address all potential threats, and limitations in intellectual property rights could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The degree of future protection afforded by our intellectual property rights is uncertain because intellectual property rights have limitations, may evolve, and may not adequately protect our business or permit us to maintain our competitive advantage. For example:
•others may be able to make products that are similar to our products or utilize similar technology but that are not covered by the claims of our patents or that incorporate certain technology in our products that is in the public domain;
•our intellectual property strategy may be limited, we may not seek protection for intellectual property that may ultimately become relevant to our business or our invention disclosure process may prove insufficient to encourage inventors to come forward with protectable intellectual property;
•we, or our current or future licensors or collaborators, might not have been the first to make the inventions covered by the applicable issued patent or pending patent application that we own now or may own or license in the future;
•we, or our current or future licensors or collaborators, might not have been the first to file patent applications covering certain of our or their inventions;
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•we, or our current or future licensors or collaborators, may fail to meet our obligations to the U.S. government regarding any future patents and patent applications funded by U.S. government grants, leading to the loss or unenforceability of patent rights;
•others may independently develop similar or alternative technologies or duplicate any of our technologies without infringing our intellectual property rights;
•it is possible that our current or future pending patent applications will not lead to issued patents;
•it is possible that there are prior public disclosures that could invalidate our patents, or parts of our patents;
•it is possible that there are unpublished applications or patent applications maintained in secrecy that may later issue with claims covering our products or technology similar to ours;
•it is possible that our patents or patent applications omit individuals that should be listed as inventors or include individuals that should not be listed as inventors, which may cause these patents or patents issuing from these patent applications to be held invalid or unenforceable;
•issued patents that we hold rights to may be held invalid or unenforceable, including as a result of legal challenges by our competitors or other third parties;
•the claims of our patents or patent applications, if and when issued, may not cover our products or technologies;
•the laws of foreign countries may not protect our proprietary rights or the rights of current or future licensors or collaborators to the same extent as the laws of the United States;
•the inventors of our patents or patent applications may become involved with competitors, develop products or processes that design around our patents, or become hostile to us or the patents or patent applications on which they are named as inventors;
•our competitors or other third parties might conduct research and development activities in countries where we do not have patent rights and then use the information learned from such activities to develop competitive products for sale in our major commercial markets;
•we have engaged in scientific collaborations in the past and will continue to do so in the future and our collaborators may develop adjacent or competing products that are outside the scope of our patents;
•we may not develop additional proprietary technologies that are patentable;
•the patents of others may harm our business; or
•we may choose not to file a patent in order to maintain certain trade secrets or know-how, and a third party may subsequently file a patent covering such intellectual property.
Any of the foregoing could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If we are unable to protect the confidentiality of our other proprietary information, our business and competitive position may be harmed.
In addition to patent protection, we also rely on other proprietary rights, including protection of trade secrets, know-how and other confidential or proprietary information that is not patentable or that we elect not to patent. However, such information can be difficult to protect, and some courts, for instance, are less willing or unwilling to protect trade secrets. To maintain the confidentiality of our trade secrets and proprietary information, we rely heavily on confidentiality provisions that we have in contracts with our employees, consultants, collaborators, suppliers, customers, and others upon the commencement of their relationship with us. We cannot guarantee that we have entered into such agreements with each party that may have or have had access to our trade secrets or proprietary technology and processes. Furthermore, we may not be able to prevent the unauthorized disclosure or use of our technical knowledge or other trade secrets by such third parties, despite the existence generally of these confidentiality restrictions.
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These contracts may not provide meaningful protection or equitable remedies for our trade secrets, know-how, or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use, misappropriation, or disclosure of such trade secrets, know-how, or other proprietary information. There can be no assurance that such third parties will not breach their agreements with us, that we will have adequate remedies for any breach, or that our trade secrets will not otherwise become known or independently developed by competitors. Despite the protections we do place on our intellectual property or other proprietary rights, monitoring unauthorized use and disclosure of our intellectual property is difficult, and we do not know whether the steps we have taken to protect our intellectual property or other proprietary rights have or will be adequate. Trade secret violations are often a matter of state law, and the criteria for protection of trade secrets can vary among different jurisdictions. In addition, the laws of many foreign countries will not protect our intellectual property or other proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. Consequently, we may be unable to prevent our proprietary technology from being exploited abroad, which could affect our ability to expand to foreign markets or require costly efforts to protect our products.
We also license rights to use certain proprietary information and technology from third parties. The use of such proprietary information and technology is therefore subject to the obligations of the applicable license agreement between us and the owner. For example, the software we developed for our RNS System includes the use of open-source software that is subject to the terms and conditions of the applicable open-source software licenses that grant us permission to use such software. The owner of any such proprietary information or technology also might not enforce or otherwise protect its rights in the proprietary information or technology with the same vigilance that we would, which would allow competitors to use such proprietary information and technology without having to adhere to a license agreement with the owner.
To the extent our intellectual property or other proprietary information protection is incomplete, we are exposed to a greater risk of direct competition. A third party could, without authorization, copy or otherwise obtain and use our products or technology, or develop similar products or technology. Our competitors could purchase our products and attempt to reverse engineer or replicate some or all of the competitive advantages we derive from our development efforts or design around our protected products or technology. Our failure to secure, protect and enforce our intellectual property rights could substantially harm the value of our products, brand and business. The theft or unauthorized use or publication of our trade secrets and other confidential business information could reduce the differentiation of our products, substantially and adversely impact our sales and commercial operations and harm our business. Additionally, the value of our investment in development or business acquisitions could be reduced and third parties might make claims against us related to losses of their confidential or proprietary information. Any of the foregoing could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Further, it is possible that others will independently develop the same or similar technology or product or otherwise obtain access to our unpatented technology, and in such cases, we could not assert any trade secret rights against such parties. Costly and time-consuming litigation could be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of our trade secret rights and related confidentiality and nondisclosure provisions. If we fail to obtain or maintain trade secret protection, or if our competitors otherwise obtain our trade secrets or independently develop technology or products similar to and potentially competing with our products, our competitive market position could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, some courts are less willing or unwilling to protect trade secrets and agreement terms that address non-competition are difficult to enforce in many jurisdictions and might not be enforceable in certain cases.
Our inability to use software licensed from third parties, or our use of open-source software under license terms that interfere with our proprietary rights, could disrupt our business.
Our products, including our RNS System, includes the use of open-source software that is subject to the terms and conditions of the applicable open-source software licenses that grant us permission to use such software. Although we monitor our use of open-source software, the terms of many open-source licenses to which we are subject have not been interpreted by U.S. or foreign courts, and there is a risk that such licenses could be construed in a manner that imposes unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to provide our technology to our customers. Moreover, we cannot ensure that we have not incorporated additional open-source software in our products in a manner that is inconsistent with the terms of the applicable license or our current policies and procedures.
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In the future, we could be required to seek licenses from third parties in order to continue offering our solutions, which licenses may not be available on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. Claims related to our use of open-source software could also result in litigation, require us to purchase costly licenses or require us to devote additional research and development resources to change the software underlying our technology, any of which would have a negative effect on our business, financial condition and operating results and may not be possible in a timely manner. We and our customers may also be subject to suits by parties claiming infringement due to the reliance by our products on certain open-source software, and such litigation could be costly for us to defend or subject us to injunctions enjoining us from the sale of our products that contain open-source software.
Alternatively, we may need to re-engineer our products or discontinue using portions of the functionality provided by our products. In addition, the terms of open-source software licenses may require us to provide software that we develop using such software to others on unfavorable terms, such as by precluding us from charging license fees, requiring us to disclose our source code, requiring us to license certain of our own source code under the terms of the applicable open-source license or requiring us to provide notice on our products using such code. Any such restriction on the use of our own software, or our inability to use open source or third-party software, could result in disruptions to our business or operations, or delays in our development of future products or enhancements of our existing products, such as our RNS System, which could impair our business.
Risks related to financial matters
We have a history of net losses, and we expect to continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future. If we do achieve profitability, we may not be able to sustain it.
We have incurred losses since our inception and expect to continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, we reported net losses of $15.2 million and $16.4 million, respectively. As a result of these losses, as of June 30, 2025, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $546.2 million. We expect to continue to incur significant business expenses as we continue to enhance our efforts to promote our brand, increase sales, improve therapy effectiveness, enhance the patient and provider experience, and expand the population of eligible patients. In addition, we expect our general and administrative expenses to increase as we continue to operate as a public company. The net losses that we incur may fluctuate significantly from period to period. We will need to generate significant additional revenue and improve our gross margins in order to achieve and sustain profitability. It is possible that we will not achieve profitability or that, even if we do achieve profitability, we may not remain profitable for any substantial period of time. Our failure to achieve or maintain profitability could negatively impact the value of our common stock.
Our expected future capital requirements may and do depend on many factors including expanding our customer base, the expansion of our sales force, our efforts to manage our expenses, and the timing and extent of spending on updating our product to enhance our offering or expand our reach. We may need additional funding to fund our operations, but additional funds may not be available to us on acceptable terms on a timely basis, if at all. We may seek funds through borrowings or through additional rounds of financing, including private or public equity or debt offerings. If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience dilution. Any future debt financing into which we enter may impose upon us additional covenants that restrict our operations, including limitations on our ability to incur liens or additional debt, pay any dividends, repurchase our common stock, make certain investments, and engage in certain merger, consolidation or asset sale transactions. Any future debt financing or additional equity that we raise may contain terms that are not favorable to us or our stockholders. Furthermore, we cannot be certain that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, if at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital or generate sufficient cash from operations to adequately fund our operations, we will need to curtail planned activities to reduce costs, which will likely harm our ability to execute on our business plan and continue operations.
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We are party to the MidCap Term Loan, which contains restrictive covenants as well as financial maintenance covenants, and if we are unable to comply with these covenants then the lenders could declare an event of default and we may need to immediately repay the amounts due under the MidCap Term Loan.
In June 2025, we entered into the MidCap Term Loan. The MidCap Term Loan contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including with respect to our ability to incur additional indebtedness, grant liens, pay any dividend or make any distributions to our equityholders or repurchase our equity interests, enter into restrictive agreements, make investments, merge or consolidate with any other person or engage in transactions with our affiliates, among other things, as well as a minimum liquidity covenant and a quarterly revenue covenant. If we fail to comply with the covenants specified in the MidCap Term Loan, to make payments when due under the MidCap Term Loan, or if we otherwise breach the MidCap Term Loan, the lenders could declare an event of default, which would give it the right to declare all outstanding indebtedness, together with accrued and unpaid interest and fees, to be immediately due and payable. In addition, borrowings under the MidCap Term Loan are secured by substantially all of our properties, rights and assets, including intellectual property. Any declaration by our lender of an event of default could significantly harm our business and could cause the price of our common stock to decline.
With the planned expiration of our exclusive distribution agreement with DIXI Medical, our revenue growth, financial condition and results of operations may be materially affected.
On April 2, 2025, we announced the termination of our exclusive distribution relationship with DIXI Medical for stereo electroencephalopathy products on September 30, 2025, after which we will begin winding down the relationship in the fourth quarter of 2025, with such activities continuing through the first quarter of 2026. During the wind-down period, we will have the right to continue to sell the products in our possession as of September 30, 2025 through the end of the first quarter of 2026. While we continue to believe that we have the ability to achieve cash flow breakeven on our expected timeline without revenue from the distribution agreement, our revenue growth, financial condition and results of operations may be materially affected, including our ability to achieve cash flow breakeven and our expected long-range revenue growth.
Our actual operating results may differ significantly from any guidance provided.
Our guidance, including forward-looking statements, is prepared by management and is qualified by, and subject to, a number of assumptions and estimates that, while presented with numerical specificity, are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies. Many of these uncertainties and contingencies are beyond our control and are based upon specific assumptions with respect to future business decisions, some of which will change. We generally state possible outcomes as high and low ranges, which are intended to provide a sensitivity analysis as variables are changed but are not intended to represent that actual results could not fall outside of the suggested ranges.
Guidance is necessarily speculative in nature, and it can be expected that some or all of the assumptions of the guidance furnished by us will not materialize or will vary significantly from actual results. In particular, guidance offered in periods of extreme uncertainty, such as the uncertainty caused by macroeconomic conditions, is inherently more speculative in nature than guidance offered in periods of relative stability. Accordingly, any guidance with respect to our projected financial performance is necessarily only an estimate of what management believes is realizable as of the date the guidance is given. Actual results will vary from the guidance and the variations may be material. Investors should also recognize that the reliability of any forecasted financial data will diminish the farther in the future that the data is forecasted.
Actual operating results may be different from our guidance, and such differences may be adverse and material. In light of the foregoing, investors are urged to put the guidance in context and not to place undue reliance on it. In addition, the market price of our common stock may reflect various market assumptions as to the accuracy of our guidance. If our actual results of operations fall below the expectations of investors or securities analysts, the price of our common stock could decline substantially.
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Our operating results may fluctuate across periods, which makes our future operating results difficult to predict and could cause our operating results to fall below expectations.
Our quarterly and annual operating results may fluctuate across periods, which makes it difficult for us to predict our future operating results. Accordingly, the results of any one quarter or period should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance. Our quarterly and annual operating results may fluctuate due to a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control, including, but not limited to:
•the level of demand for our products and any future products, which may vary significantly from period to period;
•expenditures that we may incur to acquire, develop or commercialize additional products and technologies;
•the timing and cost of obtaining regulatory approvals or clearances to expand our indications and get future approvals of any future products or features;
•pricing pressures;
•our ability to expand the geographic reach of our commercial efforts;
•the degree of competition in our industry and any change in the competitive landscape of our industry, including consolidation among our competitors or future partners;
•coverage and reimbursement policies with respect to our products, and potential future products that compete with our products;
•the timing and success or failure of preclinical or clinical studies for expanding the indications of our RNS System or any future products we develop or competing products;
•positive or negative coverage in the media or clinical publications of our products or products of our competitors or our industry;
•the timing of customer orders, scheduling or cancelling of implant procedures using our products and the number of available selling days in any quarterly period, which can be impacted by holidays, vacations, the mix of products sold and the geographic mix of where products are sold, including any related foreign currency impact;
•the impact of hospital accessibility and staffing shortages on procedure volume or otherwise;
•the timing and cost of, and level of investment in, research, development, licenses, regulatory approval, commercialization activities, acquisitions and other strategic transactions, or other significant events relating to our products, which may change from time to time;
•the cost of manufacturing our products, which may vary depending on the quantity of production and the terms of our agreements with third-party suppliers; and
•future accounting pronouncements or changes in our accounting policies.
The cumulative effects of these factors could result in fluctuations and unpredictability in our quarterly and annual operating results. As a result, comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful. Further, our historical results are not necessarily indicative of results expected for any future period, and quarterly results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year or any other period. Investors should not rely on our past results as an indication of our future performance.
This variability and unpredictability could also result in our failing to meet the expectations of industry or financial analysts or investors for any period. If our revenue or operating results fall below the expectations of analysts or investors or below any forecasts we may provide to the market, it could harm our business, financial condition, and results or operations.
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To support our continued operations and the growth of our business, we may need to seek additional capital through new equity or debt financings, which sources of additional capital may not be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. If we are unable to obtain, if needed, adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us, it could harm our business and growth prospects.
Our operations have consumed substantial amounts of cash since inception and we intend to continue to make significant investments to support our continued business operations and growth, respond to business challenges or opportunities, enhance our products, expand the population of eligible patients, and potentially acquire complementary businesses and technologies. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, our net cash used in operating activities was $9.6 million and $11.4 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2025, we had $62.1 million of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments and $17.1 million in current liabilities.
Our future capital requirements may be significantly different from our current estimates and will depend on many factors, including our growth rate, the growth of sales and marketing teams and activities, our expense management initiatives, the expansion of the population of eligible patients, geographies we may choose to enter and commercialize in, updates to our products, potential introduction of new products, either developed internally or acquired, the continued oversight of regulatory agencies, and the continuing market acceptance of our products. Accordingly, we may need to engage in equity or debt financings or collaborative arrangements to secure additional funds. If we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of holders of our common stock. Any debt financing secured by us in the future could involve additional restrictive covenants relating to our capital-raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. In addition, during times of economic instability, it has been difficult for many companies to obtain financing in the public markets or to obtain debt financing, and we may not be able to obtain additional financing, if needed, on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. If we are unable to access our existing capital or obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us, if needed, it could harm our business and growth prospects.
Our ability to use our net operating losses to offset future taxable income may be subject to certain limitations.
In general, under Section 382 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, a corporation that undergoes an “ownership change” is subject to limitations on its ability to utilize its pre-change net operating losses, or NOLs, to offset future taxable income. A Section 382 “ownership change” generally occurs if one or more stockholders or groups of stockholders who own at least 5% of our stock increase their ownership by more than 50 percentage points over their lowest ownership percentage within a rolling three-year period. Similar rules may apply under state tax laws. As of December 31, 2024, we had $152.5 million of federal net operating loss carryforwards and $162.7 million of state net operating loss carryforwards. The federal and state NOL carryforwards began expiring in 2026 and 2029, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the amount of federal NOL carryforwards that does not expire is $114.0 million (subject to certain utilization limitations). We have conducted Section 382 studies and determined that we experienced ownership changes in 2016 and in 2021 which resulted in permanent limitation of our pre-change NOL and research and development credit carryforwards. In addition, future changes in our stock ownership, some of which are outside of our control, could result in an additional ownership change under Section 382 of the Code, further limiting our ability to utilize NOLs arising prior to such ownership change in the future. There is also a risk that due to statutory or regulatory changes, such as suspensions on the use of NOLs (including California legislation that limited the ability to use California NOLs to offset California income for tax years beginning after 2023 and before 2027), or other unforeseen reasons, our existing NOLs could expire or otherwise be unavailable to offset future income tax liabilities.
If we identify any material weaknesses or otherwise fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately or timely report our financial condition or results of operations.
We cannot be certain that the actions we may take in the future will prevent or avoid potential future material weaknesses.
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If we identify any material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting and are unable to successfully remediate them, the accuracy and timing of our financial reporting may be negatively impacted, we may be unable to maintain compliance with securities law requirements regarding timely filing of periodic reports in addition to applicable stock exchange listing requirements, investors may lose confidence in our financial reporting, and our stock price may decline as a result.
Our history of recurring losses and anticipated expenditures as well as the significant amount of debt that we have incurred may affect our ability to operate our business and secure additional financing in the future.
We have incurred operating losses to date and it is possible we may never generate a profit. Additionally, our obligations under the Term Loan Agreement are collateralized by substantially all of our assets, including our material intellectual property, and we are subject to customary financial and operating covenants limiting our ability to engage in various activities, which management may deem important for the business. The covenants related to the Term Loan Agreement, as well as any future financing agreements into which we may enter, may restrict our ability to finance our operations and engage in, expand or otherwise pursue our business activities and strategies. While we have not previously breached and are not currently in breach of these or any other covenants contained in our Term Loan Agreement, there can be no guarantee that we will not breach these covenants in the future. Our ability to comply with these covenants may be affected by events beyond our control, and future breaches of any of these covenants could result in a default under the loan agreement. If not waived, future defaults could cause all of the outstanding indebtedness under the term loan agreement to become immediately due and payable and terminate commitments to extend further credit. If we do not have or are unable to generate sufficient cash available to repay our debt obligations when they become due and payable, either upon maturity or in the event of a default, our assets could be foreclosed upon and we may not be able to obtain additional debt or equity financing on favorable terms, if at all, which may negatively impact our ability to operate and continue our business.
Other risks facing our company
Our estimates of market opportunity and forecasts of market and revenue growth may prove to be inaccurate, and even if the market in which we compete achieves the forecasted growth, our business could fail to grow at similar rates, if at all.
Market opportunity estimates and growth forecasts are subject to significant uncertainty. Our estimates of the annual total addressable markets for our RNS System are based on a number of internal and third-party estimates and assumptions, including, without limitation, our assumptions relative to the number of adults with drug-resistant focal epilepsy in the United States who are treated at CECs and outside of CECs each year; the number of neuromodulation procedures annually in the United States; the number and growth in number of CECs, epileptologists, and neurosurgeons in the CECs and in the community setting; the growth in number of patients referred to CECs; the patients receiving neuromodulation therapy outside in the community setting; and the potential growth of our market opportunity with the expansion of treatment to patients in the community setting, as well as to those suffering from generalized epilepsy or who are under age 18.
In addition, our projections related to being the exclusive U.S. distributor of DIXI Medical products through September 30, 2025 have been based on a number of estimates and assumptions, including, without limitation, information obtained from DIXI Medical related to historical performance and future projections, and annual extensions of the current distribution agreement, which occur automatically unless one of the parties notifies the other of its intention to not renew the agreement or otherwise negotiate a new agreement. While we believe our assumptions and the data underlying our estimates are reasonable, these assumptions and estimates may not be correct and the conditions supporting our assumptions or estimates may change at any time, thereby reducing the predictive accuracy of these underlying factors. As a result, our estimates of the annual total addressable market for our RNS System may prove to be incorrect. If the actual annual total addressable market for our RNS System is smaller than we have estimated, it may impair our sales growth and have an adverse impact on our business. Alternatively, if the actual annual total addressable market for our RNS System is bigger than we have estimated, we may not be ready to manage such growth, which may impair our sales and have an adverse impact on our business. Additionally, if our projections regarding the revenue we anticipate receiving from our collaboration with Rapport are inaccurate, we may not attain our revenue projections, which could harm our business, result in investors losing confidence in our financial reporting, and our stock price may decline.
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If product liability lawsuits are brought against us, we may incur substantial liabilities and may be required to limit or halt the marketing and sale of our products. The expense and potential unavailability of insurance coverage for liabilities resulting from our products could harm our business and our ability to sell our products, including our RNS System.
We face an inherent risk of product liability as a result of the marketing and sale of our products. Although we have established internal procedures designed to minimize risks that may arise from quality issues, there can be no assurance that we will eliminate or mitigate occurrences of these issues and associated liabilities. For example, we may be sued if our RNS System causes or is perceived to cause injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable during manufacturing, marketing, sale, or distribution. Any such product liability claim may include, but not be limited to, allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, defects in clinical study design or performance, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liability or a potential breach of implied or expressed warranties. In addition, we may be subject to claims against us even if the apparent injury is due to the actions of others or the pre-existing health of the patient. For example, we rely on healthcare providers to determine appropriate patients for our products and to properly and correctly implant and use our RNS System as part of a patient’s treatment protocol. If these healthcare providers are not properly trained, do not properly screen the patient, are negligent in implanting or using our RNS System or implant or use our RNS System “off-label,” the capabilities or reputation of our RNS System may be diminished or the patient may suffer critical injury. While we believe that we clearly describe the limitations of our label, we cannot prevent an epileptologist from referring a patient for an RNS System implant for off-label indications, prevent a neurosurgeon from implanting our RNS System for off-label applications, or having our RNS System programmed based on off-label considerations. In addition, we cannot guarantee that healthcare providers are adequately trained prior to incorporating our RNS System into their practice. Complications resulting from the use of our products, including use of our RNS System off-label or use by healthcare providers who have not been trained appropriately, or at all, may expose us to product liability claims and harm our reputation. We may also be subject to claims that are caused by the activities of our suppliers and vendors, such as those who provide us with components, materials, or services, which may have an impact on our products and result in product liability claims brought against us.
If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liability claims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit or halt commercialization of our products. Even a successful defense would require significant financial and management resources. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liability claims may result in:
•decreased demand for our products;
•injury to our brand or reputation;
•initiation of investigations by regulators;
•costs to defend the related litigation;
•increased insurance premiums;
•a diversion of management’s time and our resources;
•substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients;
•regulatory investigations, product recalls, withdrawals or labeling, marketing or promotional restrictions;
•loss of revenue;
•exhaustion of any available insurance and our capital resources; and
•the inability to market and sell our products.
We believe we have adequate product liability insurance, but it may not prove to be adequate to cover all liabilities that we may incur. Insurance coverage is increasingly expensive. We currently carry product liability insurance in the amount of $7.0 million in the aggregate.
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In the future, we may not be able to maintain or obtain insurance at a reasonable cost or in an amount adequate to satisfy any liability that may arise. Our insurance policy contains various exclusions, and we may be subject to a product liability claim for which we have no coverage. The potential inability to obtain sufficient product liability insurance at an acceptable cost to protect against product liability claims could prevent or inhibit the marketing and sale of products we may develop. We may have to pay any amounts awarded by a court or negotiated in a settlement that exceed our coverage limitations or that are not covered by our insurance, and we may not have, or be able to obtain, sufficient capital to pay such amounts, which would harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, any product liability claims brought against us, with or without merit, could increase our product liability insurance rates or prevent us from securing continuing coverage, harm our patient-focused brand, negatively impact our reputation in the industry, significantly increase our expenses and reduce product sales.
Some of our customers may also have difficulty in procuring or maintaining liability insurance to cover their operations, including their use of our products. Medical malpractice carriers are withdrawing coverage in certain states or substantially increasing premiums. If this trend continues or worsens, our customers may discontinue using our products and potential additional customers may opt against purchasing our products due to the cost or inability to procure insurance coverage.
The failure of third parties to meet their contractual, regulatory and other obligations could adversely affect our business.
We rely on suppliers, vendors, partners, consultants, and other third parties to research, develop, and partake in both the manufacturing and commercialization of our products, as well as manage certain parts of our business. Additionally, in November 2023, we entered into a collaboration agreement with Rapport, whereby we agreed to provide them certain data, biomarker monitoring and data analysis capabilities. Using these third parties poses a number of risks, such as:
•they may not extend or renew their agreement with us;
•they may not perform to our standards or legal requirements;
•they may not produce reliable results;
•they may not perform in a timely manner;
•they may not maintain confidentiality of our proprietary information;
•disputes may arise with respect to ownership of rights to products developed with our partners; and
•disagreements could cause delays in, or termination of, the research, development or commercialization of our products or result in litigation or arbitration.
Moreover, some third parties may be located in markets subject to political and social risk, corruption, infrastructure problems and natural disasters, in addition to country-specific privacy and data security risk given current legal and regulatory environments. Failure of third parties to meet their contractual, regulatory and other obligations may materially affect our business.
Future legislation, potential changes in federal regulatory agency leadership, and new policies and priorities under the current Administration may adversely impact our company.
We are still assessing the impact of the OBBBA on our business, and we expect additional state and federal health reform measures may be adopted in the future, any of which could adversely affect our business. Although the prospects for the imminent enactment of additional major legislation are not certain at this time, the enactment of more targeted measures may be more likely due to the increased possibility of federal executive and legislative branch support for consideration of such measures. Moreover, changes in the leadership and senior staffs of the FDA could impact the rulemaking, supervision, examination and enforcement priorities and policies of the agency. The potential impact of changes in agency personnel, policies and priorities on the medical device sector, including us, cannot be predicted at this time.
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We may not be able to respond quickly or effectively to regulatory, legislative, and other developments, and these changes may in turn impair our ability to offer our current or planned products, or increase our cost of doing business. Disruption to federal funding during the current administration may disrupt our access to federal funding for research into expanded indications for our product. In addition, if our practices are not consistent or viewed as not consistent with legal and regulatory requirements, we may become subject to audits, inquiries, whistleblower complaints, adverse media coverage, investigations, or criminal or civil sanctions, all of which may have an adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks related to ownership of our common stock
If we sell shares of our common stock in future financings, stockholders may experience immediate dilution and, as a result, our stock price may decline.
We may, from time to time, issue additional shares of common stock at a discount from the current trading price of our common stock. As a result, our stockholders would experience immediate dilution upon the purchase of any shares of our common stock sold at such discount. In addition, as opportunities present themselves, we may enter into financing or similar arrangements in the future, including the issuance of debt securities, preferred stock or common stock. If we issue common stock or securities convertible into common stock, our common stockholders would experience additional dilution and, as a result, our stock price may decline.
Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.
Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price of our common stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that such sales may have on the prevailing market price of our common stock.
As of June 30, 2025, there were 4.3 million shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options or subject to vesting of outstanding restricted stock units, or RSU, awards. We have registered all of the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options and upon the settlement of RSU awards for public resale under the Securities Act. Accordingly, these shares will be able to be freely sold in the public market upon issuance subject to compliance with applicable securities laws. Including the aforementioned outstanding equity awards, as of June 30, 2025, there were approximately 7.7 million shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under our equity incentive plans which may become available for public resale to the extent we issue future equity incentive awards pursuant to these plans and such awards vest and are exercised or settle according to their terms.
In addition, certain of our stockholders have registration rights that would require us to file registration statements for the public resale of the common stock held by them or to include such shares in registration statements that we may file on our behalf or for other stockholders.
Concentration of ownership of our common stock among our executive officers, directors and principal stockholders may prevent new investors from influencing significant corporate decisions.
Based on the number of shares of common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2025, our executive officers, directors and current beneficial owners of 5% or more of our common stock, in the aggregate, beneficially own, approximately 57.5% of our common stock. These stockholders, acting together, will be able to significantly influence all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election and removal of directors and any merger or other significant corporate transactions. The interests of this group of stockholders may not coincide with the interests of other stockholders and they may want us to pursue strategies that deviate from the interests of other stockholders.
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Our stock price has been volatile, an active or liquid market in our common stock may not be sustainable and the value of our common stock may decline.
Historically, our stock price has been volatile. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, our stock traded as high as $18.98 per share and as low as $9.56 per share. An active or liquid market in our common stock may not be sustainable and the market price of our common stock may continue to be highly volatile and may fluctuate or decline substantially as a result of a variety of factors, some of which are beyond our control or are related in complex ways, including:
•actual or anticipated fluctuations in our financial condition and results of operations;
•variance in our financial performance from expectations of securities analysts or investors;
•changes in the coverage decisions, reimbursement or pricing of our products;
•changes in our projected operating and financial results;
•changes in laws or regulations applicable to our products;
•announcements by us or our competitors of significant business developments, acquisitions, or new offerings;
•publicity associated with issues related to our products;
•our involvement in regulatory investigations or litigation;
•future sales of our common stock or other securities, by us or our stockholders, as well as the anticipation of lock-up releases;
•changes in senior management or key personnel;
•the trading volume of our common stock;
•changes in the anticipated future size and growth rate of our market;
•general economic, regulatory, and market conditions, including economic recessions or slowdowns;
•changes in the structure of healthcare payment systems; and
•developments or disputes concerning our intellectual property or other proprietary rights.
Broad market and industry fluctuations, as well as general economic, political, regulatory, and market conditions, may negatively impact the market price of our common stock. In addition, given the relatively small public float of shares of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Market, the trading market for our shares may be subject to increased volatility. In the past, securities class action litigation has often been brought against a company following a decline in the market price of its securities. This risk is especially relevant for us, because medical device companies have experienced significant stock price volatility in recent years. If we face such litigation, it could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and resources, which could harm our reputation and our business.
We are an emerging growth company and a smaller reporting company, and our compliance with the reduced reporting and disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies and smaller reporting companies could make our common stock less attractive to investors.
We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the JOBS Act, and we expect to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved and extended adoption period for accounting pronouncements.
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Even after we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company, we may still qualify as a “smaller reporting company,” which would allow us to continue to take advantage of many of the same exemptions from disclosure requirements, including not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our periodic reports and proxy statements.
We cannot predict whether investors will find our common stock less attractive as a result of our reliance on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile.
We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) December 31, 2026, (ii) the first fiscal year after our annual gross revenues exceed $1.235 billion, (iii) the date on which we have, during the immediately preceding three-year period, issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities, or (iv) the end of any fiscal year in which the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the end of the second quarter of that fiscal year.
Provisions in our corporate charter documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of us, which may be beneficial to our stockholders, more difficult and may prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management.
Provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control or changes in our management without the consent of our board of directors. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws include provisions that:
•provide for a classified board of directors whose members serve staggered terms;
•authorize our board of directors to issue, without further action by the stockholders, shares of undesignated convertible preferred stock with terms, rights, and preferences determined by our board of directors that may be senior to our common stock;
•require that any action to be taken by our stockholders be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting and not by written consent;
•specify that special meetings of our stockholders can be called only by our board of directors, the chairperson of our board of directors, or our chief executive officer;
•establish an advance notice procedure for stockholder proposals to be brought before an annual meeting, including proposed nominations of persons for election to our board of directors;
•prohibit cumulative voting in the election of directors;
•provide that our directors may be removed for cause only upon the vote of the holders of at least 66 2/3% of our outstanding shares of common stock;
•provide that vacancies on our board of directors may be filled only by a majority of directors then in office, even though less than a quorum; and
•require the approval of our board of directors or the holders of at least 66 2/3% of our outstanding shares of common stock entitled to vote at an election of directors to adopt, to amend our bylaws and certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation.
These provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of our management.
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In addition, because we are incorporated in Delaware, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which generally, subject to certain exceptions, prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any of a broad range of business combinations with any “interested” stockholder for a period of three years following the date on which the stockholder became an “interested” stockholder. Any delay or prevention of a change of control transaction or changes in our management could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or, under certain circumstances, the federal district courts of the United States of America be the exclusive forums for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, employees or agents.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware lacks subject matter jurisdiction, any state court located within the State of Delaware or, if all such state courts lack subject matter jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware) is the sole and exclusive forum for the following types of actions or proceedings under Delaware statutory or common law for:
•any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf;
•any action asserting a breach of fiduciary duty;
•any action arising pursuant to the Delaware General Corporation Law, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, or our amended and restated bylaws; and
•any action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal-affairs doctrine.
These provisions do not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or any claim for which the federal district courts of the United States of America have exclusive jurisdiction. Furthermore, Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all such Securities Act actions. Accordingly, both state and federal courts have jurisdiction to entertain such claims.
Our stockholders cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock will be deemed to have notice of, and consented to, the provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, including those described in the preceding sentences.
To prevent having to litigate claims in multiple jurisdictions and the threat of inconsistent or contrary rulings by different courts, among other considerations, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation further provide that the federal district courts of the United States be the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. While the Delaware courts have determined that such choice of forum provisions are facially valid and several state trial courts have enforced such provisions and required that suits asserting Securities Act claims be filed in federal court, there is no guarantee that courts of appeal will affirm the enforceability of such provisions and a stockholder may nevertheless seek to bring a claim in a venue other than those designated in the exclusive forum provisions. In such instance, we would expect to vigorously assert the validity and enforceability of the exclusive forum provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. This may require significant additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions and there can be no assurance that the provisions will be enforced by a court in those other jurisdictions. If a court were to find either exclusive forum provision in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur further significant additional costs associated with litigating Securities Act claims in state court, or both state and federal court, which could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
These exclusive forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and other employees.
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If a court were to find either exclusive-forum provision in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur further significant additional costs associated with resolving the dispute in other jurisdictions, all of which could harm our business and financial condition.
General risk factors
Unstable market and economic conditions may have serious adverse consequences on our business, financial condition and share price.
The global economy, including credit and financial markets, has experienced extreme volatility and disruptions, including severely diminished liquidity and credit availability, declines in consumer confidence, declines in economic growth, increases in unemployment rates, increases in inflation rates, changes in interest rates and uncertainty about economic stability. For example, the Russia-Ukraine war, the conflict in the Middle East and tariffs imposed by the current U.S. administration have each created extreme volatility in the global capital markets and may have further adverse consequences for the global economy, including disruptions of the global supply chain and energy markets. Any such volatility and disruptions may have adverse consequences on us or the third parties on whom we rely. If the equity and credit markets deteriorate further, it may make any necessary debt or equity financing more difficult to obtain in a timely manner or on favorable terms, more costly or more dilutive.
A severe or prolonged global economic downturn could result in a variety of risks to our business. For example, increased inflation may result in increases in our operating costs (including our labor costs), reduced liquidity and limits on our ability to access credit or otherwise raise capital on acceptable terms, if at all. In addition, the U.S. Federal Reserve has raised, and may again raise, interest rates in response to concerns about inflation, which coupled with reduced government spending and volatility in financial markets may have the effect of further increasing economic uncertainty and heightening these risks. A weak or declining economy could also strain our suppliers and manufacturers, possibly resulting in supply disruptions. Any of the foregoing could harm our business and we cannot anticipate all of the ways in which the current economic climate and financial market conditions could adversely impact our business.
Business disruptions could seriously harm our future revenue and financial condition and increase our costs and expenses.
Our operations could be subject to earthquakes, power shortages, telecommunications failures, water shortages, floods, hurricanes, typhoons, fires, extreme weather conditions, public health crises, and other natural or man-made disasters or business interruptions, for which we are predominantly self-insured. Our ability to obtain components for our products could be disrupted if the operations of our suppliers were affected by a man-made or natural disaster or other business interruption. In addition, our corporate headquarters and manufacturing facility is located in Mountain View, California, near major earthquake faults and fire zones. Should our facilities be significantly damaged or destroyed, it could take months to relocate or rebuild, during which time our manufacturing would cease or be delayed and our RNS System may be unavailable. Moreover, the use of a new facility or new manufacturing, quality control, or environmental control equipment or systems generally requires FDA review and approval of a PMA supplement. Because of the time required to authorize manufacturing in a new facility under FDA regulatory requirements, we may not be able to resume production on a timely basis even if we are able to replace production capacity. While we maintain property and business interruption insurance, such insurance has limits and would only cover the cost of rebuilding and relocating and, to some extent, lost revenue, but not general damage or losses caused by earthquakes or losses we may suffer due to our products being replaced by competitors’ products. The inability to perform our manufacturing activities, combined with our limited inventory of materials and components and manufactured products, may cause physicians to discontinue using our products or harm our reputation, and we may be unable to reestablish relationships with such physicians in the future. Consequently, a catastrophic event at our facility could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Litigation and other legal proceedings may harm our business.
We are involved in, and from time to time in the future we may become involved in, legal proceedings relating to patent and other intellectual property matters, product liability claims, employee matters, tort or contract claims, federal regulatory investigations, private rights of action, securities matters and class actions as well as other legal proceedings or investigations, which could have a negative impact on our reputation, business and financial condition and divert the attention of our management from the operation of our business.
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Litigation is inherently unpredictable and can result in excessive or unanticipated verdicts, judgements, and/or injunctive relief that affect how we operate our business. We could incur judgments or enter into settlements of claims for monetary damages or for agreements to change the way we operate our business, or both. We may fail to enter into settlements or to obtain rulings for matters we believe we have resolved. There may be an increase in the scope of these or other matters or there may be additional lawsuits, claims, proceedings or investigations in the future, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. Adverse publicity about regulatory or legal action against us, irrespective of outcome, could damage our reputation and brand image, undermine our customers’ confidence and reduce long-term demand for our products, even if the regulatory or legal action is unfounded or not material to our operations.
If securities or industry analysts do not continue to publish research or publish unfavorable or inaccurate research about our business, our common stock price and trading volume could decline.
Our stock price and trading volume will be heavily influenced by the way analysts and investors interpret our financial information and other disclosures. If securities or industry analysts do not continue to publish research or reports about our business, delay publishing reports about our business or publish negative or unfavorable reports about our business, regardless of accuracy, our common stock price and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our common stock depends, in part, on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. We expect that only a limited number of analysts will cover our company and we do not have any control over these analysts. If the number of analysts that cover us declines, demand for our common stock could decrease and our common stock price and trading volume may decline.
Even if our common stock is actively covered by analysts, we do not have any control over the analysts or the measures that analysts or investors may rely upon to forecast our future results. Over-reliance by analysts or investors on any particular metric to forecast our future results may result in forecasts that differ significantly from our own.
Regardless of accuracy, unfavorable interpretations of our financial information and other public disclosures could have a negative impact on our stock price. If our financial performance fails to meet analyst estimates, for any of the reasons discussed above or otherwise, or one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our common stock or change their opinion of our common stock, our reputation may be adversely impacted and our stock price would likely decline.
We are obligated to develop and maintain proper and effective internal control over financial reporting and any failure to maintain the adequacy of these internal controls may negatively impact investor confidence in our company and, as a result, the value of our common stock.
We are required pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act to include in our annual reports a report by management on, among other things, the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. This assessment needs to include disclosure of any material weaknesses identified by our management in our internal control over financial reporting. In addition, our independent registered public accounting firm will be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting in our first annual report required to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, following the date we are no longer an emerging growth company, and no longer qualify for certain scaled disclosure requirements as a smaller reporting company. We have not yet commenced the costly and challenging process of compiling the system and process documentation necessary to perform such evaluation required by our auditors under Section 404. We currently do not have an internal audit group, and we will need to hire additional accounting and financial staff with appropriate public company experience and technical accounting knowledge and compile the system and process documentation necessary to perform the evaluation needed to comply with Section 404. Any failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could severely inhibit our ability to accurately report our financial condition or results of operations. We cannot be certain that the actions we may take in the future will prevent or avoid potential future material weaknesses.
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If we are unable to conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if we identify additional material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting and are unable to successfully remediate them, our reputation could be negatively impacted, we could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, the market price of our common stock could decline, we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the Nasdaq Global Market, the SEC or other regulatory authorities and our access to the capital markets could be restricted in the future.
We will continue to incur significant costs as a result of operating as a public company, and our management and board of directors will be required to devote substantial time to compliance with our public company responsibilities and corporate governance practices.
As a public company, we have and will continue to incur significant legal, accounting, and other expenses. We expect such expenses to further increase after we are no longer an emerging growth company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the listing requirements of the Nasdaq Global Market, and other applicable securities rules and regulations impose various requirements on public companies. Our management, board of directors, and other personnel will have to devote a substantial amount of time to compliance with these requirements. Moreover, these rules and regulations will drive high legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly. We cannot predict or estimate the amount of these additional costs or the timing of such costs.
We may partner with or acquire other businesses, which could require significant management attention, disrupt our business, dilute stockholder value and harm our results of operations.
As part of our business strategy, we may in the future partner with, make acquisitions of or investments in complementary companies, products or technologies that we believe fit within our business model and can address the needs of our customers and the patients they serve. In the future, we may not be able to acquire and integrate other companies, products or technologies in a successful manner. We may not be able to find suitable partners or acquisition candidates, and we may not be able to complete such partnership or acquisitions in an appropriate timeframe and on favorable terms, if at all. In addition, the pursuit of potential acquisitions may divert the attention of management and cause us to incur additional expenses in identifying, investigating and pursuing suitable partnerships or acquisitions, whether or not they are consummated. If we do complete partnerships or acquisitions, we may not ultimately strengthen our competitive position or achieve our goals, including increases in revenue, and any acquisitions we complete could be viewed negatively by management, as well as our employees, customers, investors and industry analysts.
Future partnerships or acquisitions may reduce our cash available for operations and other uses and could result in amortization expense related to identifiable assets acquired. We may have to pay cash, incur debt or issue equity securities to pay into or for any such partnerships or acquisition, each of which could adversely affect our financial condition or the value of our common stock. The sale or issuance of equity to finance any such partnerships or acquisitions would result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness to finance any such partnerships or acquisition would result in fixed obligations and could also include covenants or other restrictions that could impede our ability to manage our operations. In addition, our future results of operations may be harmed by the dilutive effect of an acquisition, performance earn-outs or contingent bonuses associated with an acquisition. Furthermore, partnerships or acquisitions may require large, one-time charges and can result in increased debt or contingent liabilities, a negative impact to our gross margins, adverse tax consequences, additional stock-based compensation expenses and the recording and subsequent amortization of amounts related to certain purchased intangible assets, any of which items could negatively affect our future results of operations.
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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
None.
Use of Proceeds
In April 2021, we closed our initial public offering of 6,900,000 shares of our common stock for net proceeds of $105.5 million. All of the shares issued and sold in our initial public offering were registered under the Securities Act pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-254663), which was declared effective by the SEC on April 21, 2021.
There has been no material change in the planned use of proceeds from our initial public offering from those disclosed in the final prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4) on April 23, 2021. As of June 30, 2025, all of the net proceeds had been used for general corporate purposes, including cash used in operations and capital expenditures.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
None



92


Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
Not applicable.
93


Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans
During the quarter ended June 30, 2025, none of our directors and officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act) adopted, modified or terminated any contracts, instructions, or written plans for the purchase or sale of our securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act or any "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K.

94


Item 6. Exhibits
Incorporation by Reference
Exhibit
Number
Description of Exhibit
Form File Number Exhibit Filing Date Filed or Furnished Herewith*
3.1 8-K 001-40377 3.1 April 26, 2021
3.2 S-1/A 333-254663 3.4 April 14, 2021
10.1 X
10.2+ X
10.3# X
31.1 X
31.2 X
32.1* X
101.INS Inline XBLR Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBLR tags are embedded within the Inline XBLR document. X
101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema With Embedded Linkbase Document. X
104 Cover Page formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101 X
_________________
+    Indicates management contract or compensatory plan.
#    Schedules and exhibits to this agreement have been omitted in accordance with Rule 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. The Company will provide a copy of any omitted schedule or exhibit to the SEC or its staff upon request.
*    The certification furnished in Exhibit 32.1 hereto is deemed to accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and is not deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

95



SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Mountain View, State of California, on August 12, 2025.
NEUROPACE, INC.
By:  /s/ Joel Becker
Joel Becker
President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
By: /s/ Patrick Williams
Patrick Williams
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-10.1 2 exhibit101-rebeccakuhnsepa.htm EX-10.1 Document
Exhibit 10.1
June 20, 2025


Rebecca Kuhn


Dear Rebecca:
This letter (the “Agreement”) sets forth the terms of your separation agreement with NeuroPace, Inc. (the “Company”).
1.Separation. You hereby resign from all positions you hold with the Company, and the Company hereby accepts such resignation, effective June 20, 2025 (the “Separation Date”).
2.Accrued Salary. On the Separation Date, or on a mutually agreed-upon date thereafter, the Company will pay you all accrued salary and all accrued and unused vacation earned by you through the Separation Date, subject to standard payroll deductions and withholdings. You are entitled to this payment regardless of whether or not you sign this Agreement.
3.Severance. Pursuant to the NeuroPace, Inc. Officer Severance Benefit Plan (the “Plan”), if you: (a) timely return this fully signed Agreement to the Company and allow it to become effective; and (b) comply fully with your obligations hereunder (including without limitation satisfactorily transitioning your duties during the Transition Period); (the “Severance Preconditions”), then the Company will pay you, as severance, twelve (12) months of your base salary in effect as of the Separation Date (the “Severance Payments”), less deductions and withholdings. The Severance Payments will be paid in the form of salary continuation starting on the first payroll date following the Effective Date. As an additional benefit to you, if you satisfy the Severance Preconditions, the Company will make an additional one-time lump sum severance payment to you in the amount of $88,885, less deductions and withholdings, to be paid at the same time as the first Severance Payment.
4.Health Insurance. To the extent provided by the federal COBRA law or, if applicable, state insurance laws, and by the Company’s current group health insurance policies, you may be eligible to continue your group health insurance benefits at your own expense following the Separation Date. Later, you may be able to convert to an individual policy through the provider of the Company’s health insurance, if you wish. You will be provided with a separate notice describing your rights and obligations under COBRA and a form for electing COBRA coverage. Subject to your satisfaction of the Severance Preconditions, if you timely elect continued coverage under COBRA, then pursuant to the Plan, the Company will pay the COBRA premiums to continue your health insurance coverage (including coverage for eligible dependents, if applicable) through the period (the “COBRA Premium Period”) starting on the Separation Date and ending on the earliest to occur of: (a) eighteen (18) months following the Separation Date; (b) the date you become eligible for group health insurance coverage through a new employer; or (c) the date you cease to be eligible for COBRA coverage for any reason. The Company will pay these COBRA premiums directly to the carrier. In the event you become covered under another employer’s group health plan or otherwise cease to be eligible for COBRA during the COBRA Premium Period, you must immediately notify the Company in writing. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if at any time the Company determines, in its sole discretion, that it cannot pay the COBRA premium benefits without potentially incurring financial costs or penalties as set forth in Section 2(a)(2)(ii), then the Company will instead pay the Special Severance Payment as set forth in and defined in the Plan.
5.Equity Awards. Except as set forth in Section 6, vesting of your equity awards will cease as of the Separation Date. You expressly acknowledge that you are not entitled to any vesting acceleration of your outstanding equity awards.



6.Consulting Period. As an additional benefit under this Agreement, if you satisfy the Severance Preconditions, then the Company will retain you as a consultant under the terms specified below.
1.Term; Title. The consulting relationship will commence on the Separation Date and continue through June 19, 2026, unless terminated earlier pursuant to the terms set forth below or extended by mutual written agreement (the “Consulting Period”). During the Consulting Period, you will be referred to as the Company’s Senior Strategic Advisor–Finance.
2.Consulting Services. During the Consulting Period, you will use your best efforts to provide consulting services as may be requested by the Company in any area of your expertise as requested by the Board (the “Consulting Services”). You agree to exercise the highest degree of professionalism and utilize your expertise and creative talents in performing these services.
3.Equity Awards. Your termination of employment will not constitute a termination of service for purposes of the Company’s applicable stock or equity plans. Thus, vesting of your outstanding stock options and restricted stock unit awards listed on Exhibit A hereto (collectively, “Equity Awards”) will continue for the duration of the Consulting Period. Provided further, that if this Agreement is not terminated prior to the end of the Consulting Period, any outstanding and unvested stock options and restricted stock unit awards shall be accelerated and deemed vested as of June 19, 2026. Except as modified by the terms set forth in this Section 6(c), your Equity Awards shall continue to be governed by the applicable plan documents, grant notices and agreements.
4.Independent Contractor Relationship. During the Consulting Period, your relationship with the Company will be that of an independent contractor, and nothing in this Agreement is intended to, or should be construed to, create a partnership, agency, joint venture or employment relationship after the Separation Date. Except as expressly provided in this Agreement, you will not be entitled to, and will not receive, any benefits which the Company may make available to its employees, including but not limited to, group health or life insurance, profit-sharing or retirement benefits.
5.Limitations on Authority. During the Consulting Period, you will have no responsibilities or authority as a consultant to the Company other than as provided above. You will have no authority to bind the Company to any contractual obligations, whether written, oral or implied, except with the prior written authorization of an officer of the Company. You agree not to represent or purport to represent the Company in any manner whatsoever to any third party unless authorized in advance by the Company, in writing, to do so.
6.Confidential Information and Inventions. You agree that, during the Consulting Period and thereafter, you will not use or disclose, in any manner that is not authorized by the Company or essential to your performance of specifically requested Consulting Services, any confidential or proprietary information or materials of the Company that you obtain or develop in the course of performing the Consulting Services. Any and all work product you create in the course of performing the Consulting Services will be the sole and exclusive property of the Company.
7.Other Work Activities. Throughout the Consulting Period, you shall have the right to engage in employment, consulting, or other work relationships in addition to your work for the Company. In order to protect the trade secrets and confidential and proprietary information of the Company, you agree that, during the Consulting Period, you will notify the Company in writing, and obtain the Company’s written consent, before you obtain employment with, or perform competitive work for, any business entity that is directly competitive with the Company, or engage in any other work activity, or preparation for work activity, directly competitive with the Company.



8.Termination of Consulting Period. You may terminate the Consulting Period for any reason upon notice to the Company. The Company may terminate the Consulting Period only upon your material breach of this Agreement (or any of the agreements referenced herein) that is not cured by you within thirty (30) days following written notice to you of such breach.
9.Other Compensation or Benefits. Except as expressly provided in this Agreement, you have not earned, are not eligible for, will not earn and will not receive any additional compensation, incentive compensation, severance, or benefits after the Separation Date, with the exception of any vested right you may have under the express terms of a written ERISA-qualified benefit plan (e.g., 401(k) account). By way of example, you will not be eligible for, will not earn, and are not owed any equity, bonus, incentive compensation, commissions, or severance, and will not continue to vest in or earn any such compensation, on or after the Separation Date.
10.Expense Reimbursements. You agree that, within ten (10) days after the Separation Date, you will submit your final documented expense reimbursement statement reflecting all business expenses you incurred through the Separation Date, if any, for which you seek reimbursement. The Company will reimburse you for these expenses pursuant to its regular business practice.
11.Return Of Company Property. By close of business on the Separation Date (or another time if requested by the Company), you shall return to the Company all Company documents (and all copies thereof) and other Company property in your possession or control, including, but not limited to, Company files, notes, financial and operational information, customer lists and contact information, product and services information, research and development information, drawings, records, plans, forecasts, reports, payroll information, spreadsheets, studies, analyses, compilations of data, proposals, agreements, sales and marketing information, personnel information, Company device and account login and password information, specifications, code, software, databases, computer-recorded information, tangible property and equipment (including, but not limited to, computers, facsimile machines, mobile telephones, tablets, handheld devices, and servers), credit cards, entry cards, identification badges and keys; and any materials of any kind which contain or embody any proprietary or confidential information of the Company and all reproductions thereof in whole or in part and in any medium. In addition, if you have used any personally owned computer, server, or e-mail system to receive, store, review, prepare or transmit any confidential or proprietary data, materials or information of the Company, then by the close of business on the Separation Date (or earlier if requested by the Company), you must provide the Company with a computer-useable copy of such information and then permanently delete and expunge such confidential or proprietary information from those systems without retaining any reproductions (in whole or in part); and you agree to provide the Company access to your system, as requested, to verify that the necessary copying and deletion is done. You agree that you will make a diligent search to locate any such documents, property, and information within the timeframe referenced above. 
12.Mutual Non-Disparagement. Except to the extent permitted by the “Protected Rights” Section below, you agree not to disparage the Company, its officers, directors, employees, shareholders, parents, subsidiaries, affiliates, and agents, in any manner likely to be harmful to its or their business, business reputation, or personal reputation, and the Company agrees (through its officers and directors only) not to disparage you in any manner likely to be harmful to your personal or professional reputations; provided that both you and the Company may respond accurately and fully to any request for information if required by legal process or in connection with a government investigation. In addition, nothing in this provision or this Agreement prohibits or restrains you from making disclosures protected under the whistleblower provisions of federal or state law or from exercising your rights to engage in protected speech under Section 7 of the National Labor Relations Act, if applicable.



13.No Admissions. You understand and agree that the promises and payments in consideration of this Agreement shall not be construed to be an admission of any liability or obligation by the Company to you or to any other person, and that the Company makes no such admission.
14.Cooperation. You agree to cooperate fully with the Company in connection with its actual or contemplated defense, prosecution, or investigation of any claims or demands by or against third parties, or other matters arising from events, acts, or failures to act that occurred during the period of your employment by the Company. Such cooperation includes, without limitation, making yourself available to the Company upon reasonable notice, without subpoena, to provide complete, truthful, and accurate information in witness interviews, depositions, and trial testimony. The Company will reimburse you for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses you incur in connection with any such cooperation (excluding foregone wages) and will make reasonable efforts to accommodate your scheduling needs.
15.Release Of Claims
(a)General Release. In exchange for the consideration provided to you under this Agreement to which you would not otherwise be entitled, you hereby generally and completely release the Company, and its affiliated, related, parent and subsidiary entities, and its and their current and former directors, officers, employees, shareholders, partners, agents, attorneys, predecessors, successors, insurers, affiliates, and assigns from any and all claims, liabilities, demands, causes of action, and obligations, both known and unknown, arising from or in any way related to events, acts, conduct, or omissions occurring at any time prior to and including the date you sign this Agreement.
(b)Scope of Release. This general release includes, but is not limited to: (i) all claims arising out of or in any way related to your employment with the Company or the termination of that employment; (ii) all claims related to your compensation or benefits from the Company, including salary, bonuses, commissions, vacation pay, paid time off, sick time, expense reimbursements, severance pay, fringe benefits, contributions to retirement plan, stock, stock options, or any other ownership, equity, or profits interests in the Company; (iii) all claims for breach of contract, wrongful termination, and breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing; (iv) all tort claims, including claims for fraud, defamation, emotional distress, and discharge in violation of public policy; and (v) all federal, state, and local statutory claims, including claims for discrimination, harassment, retaliation, attorneys’ fees, or other claims arising under the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964, the federal Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, the California Labor Code, the California Family Rights Act, and the California Fair Employment and Housing Act, all as amended. You acknowledge that you have been advised, pursuant to California Government Code Section 12964.5(b)(4), that you have the right to consult an attorney regarding this Agreement and that you were given a reasonable time period of not less than five (5) business days in which to do so. You further acknowledge and agree that, in the event you sign this Agreement prior to the end of the reasonable time period provided by the Company, your decision to accept such shortening of time is knowing and voluntary and is not induced by the Company through fraud, misrepresentation, or a threat to withdraw or alter the offer prior to the expiration of the reasonable time period, or by providing different terms to employees who sign such an agreement prior to the expiration of the time period. You further acknowledge and agree that the release of claims in this section is not provided in exchange for a raise, bonus, or as a condition of continued employment, but rather in exchange for the materially modified terms and conditions of employment during the Transition Period and other consideration provided by the Company in this Agreement.



(c)Section 1542 Waiver. In giving the release herein, which includes claims which may be unknown to you at present, you acknowledge that you have read and understand Section 1542 of the California Civil Code, which reads as follows: “A general release does not extend to claims that the creditor or releasing party does not know or suspect to exist in his or her favor at the time of executing the release and that, if known by him or her, would have materially affected his or her settlement with the debtor or released party.” You hereby expressly waive and relinquish all rights and benefits under that section and any law of any other jurisdiction of similar effect with respect to your release of claims herein, including but not limited to your release of unknown claims.
(d)Excluded Claims. Notwithstanding the foregoing, you are not releasing the Company hereby from: (i) any obligation to indemnify you pursuant to the Articles and Bylaws of the Company, any valid fully executed indemnification agreement with the Company, applicable law, or applicable directors and officers liability insurance; (ii) any rights you have to file or pursue a claim for workers’ compensation or unemployment insurance; (iii) any claims that cannot be waived by law; and (iv) any claims for breach of this Agreement.
(e)ADEA Release. You acknowledge that you are knowingly and voluntarily waiving and releasing any rights you have under the ADEA, and that the consideration given for the waiver and releases you have given in this Agreement is in addition to anything of value to which you were already entitled. You further acknowledge that you have been advised, as required by the ADEA, that: (a) your waiver and release does not apply to any rights or claims arising after the date you sign this Agreement; (b) you should consult with an attorney prior to signing this Agreement (although you may choose voluntarily not to do so); (c) you have twenty-one (21) days to consider this Agreement (although you may choose voluntarily to sign it sooner and, if so, will sign the Consideration Period waiver below); (d) you have seven (7) days following the date you sign this Agreement to revoke this Agreement (in a written revocation sent to the Company); and (e) this Agreement will not be effective until the date upon which the revocation period has expired, which will be the eighth day after you sign this Agreement provided that you do not revoke it (the “Effective Date”).
16.Protected Rights. You understand that nothing in this Agreement limits your ability to file a charge or complaint with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the Department of Labor, the National Labor Relations Board, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the California Civil Rights Department, the Securities and Exchange Commission or any other federal, state or local governmental agency or commission (“Government Agencies”). You further understand this Agreement does not limit your ability to communicate with any Government Agencies or otherwise participate in any investigation or proceeding that may be conducted by any Government Agency, including providing documents or other information, without notice to the Company. While this Agreement does not limit your right to receive an award for information provided to the Securities and Exchange Commission, you understand and agree that, to maximum extent permitted by law, you are otherwise waiving any and all rights you may have to individual relief based on any claims that you have released and any rights you have waived by signing this Agreement. Nothing in this Agreement: (i) prevents you from discussing or disclosing information about unlawful acts in the workplace, such as harassment or discrimination or any other conduct that you have reason to believe is unlawful; or (ii) waives any rights you may have under Section 7 of the National Labor Relations Act (subject to the release of claims set forth herein).
17.Representations. You hereby represent that you have: been paid or otherwise reached agreement with the Company for the timing of the payment of all compensation owed and for all hours worked through your Separation Date; received or have otherwise been advised on all leave and leave benefits and protections for which you are eligible pursuant to the Family and Medical Leave Act, the California Family Rights Act, or otherwise; and not suffered any on-the-job injury for which you have not already filed a workers’ compensation claim.



18.Dispute Resolution. You and the Company agree that any and all disputes, claims, or controversies of any nature whatsoever arising from, or relating to, this Agreement or its interpretation, enforcement, breach, performance or execution, your employment or the termination of such employment (including, but not limited to, any statutory claims), shall be resolved, pursuant to the Federal Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C. §1-16, and to the fullest extent permitted by law, by final, binding and confidential arbitration in San Francisco, California (or another mutually acceptable location) conducted before a single neutral arbitrator by JAMS, Inc. (“JAMS”) or its successor, under the then applicable JAMS Arbitration Rules and Procedures for Employment Disputes (available at http://www.jamsadr.com/rules-employment-arbitration/). By agreeing to this arbitration procedure, both you and the Company waive the right to have any claim resolved through a trial by jury or judge. You will have the right to be represented by legal counsel at any arbitration proceeding, at your own expense. This paragraph shall not apply to any action or claim that cannot be subject to mandatory arbitration as a matter of law, to the extent such claims are not permitted by applicable law to be submitted to mandatory arbitration and the applicable law(s) are not preempted by the Federal Arbitration Act or otherwise invalid (collectively, the “Excluded Claims”). In the event you intend to bring multiple claims, including one of the Excluded Claims listed above, the Excluded Claims may be publicly filed with a court, while any other claims will remain subject to mandatory arbitration. The arbitrator shall have sole authority for determining if a claim is subject to arbitration, and any other procedural questions related to the dispute and bearing on the final disposition. In addition, the arbitrator shall: (a) have the authority to compel adequate discovery for the resolution of the dispute and to award such relief as would otherwise be available under applicable law in a court proceeding; and (b) issue a written statement signed by the arbitrator regarding the disposition of each claim and the relief, if any, awarded as to each claim, the reasons for the award, and the arbitrator’s essential findings and conclusions on which the award is based. The Company shall pay all JAMS arbitration fees. Nothing in this Agreement shall prevent you or the Company from obtaining injunctive relief in court to prevent irreparable harm pending the conclusion of any arbitration. Any awards or orders in such arbitrations may be entered and enforced as judgments in the federal and state courts of any competent jurisdiction
19.Miscellaneous. This Agreement, including its exhibit, constitutes the complete, final and exclusive embodiment of the entire agreement between you and the Company with regard to its subject matter. It is entered into without reliance on any promise or representation, written or oral, other than those expressly contained herein, and it supersedes any other such promises, warranties or representations. This Agreement may not be modified or amended except in a writing signed by both you and a duly authorized officer of the Company. This Agreement will bind the heirs, personal representatives, successors and assigns of both you and the Company, and inure to the benefit of both you and the Company, their heirs, successors and assigns. If any provision of this Agreement is determined to be invalid or unenforceable, in whole or in part, this determination will not affect any other provision of this Agreement and the provision in question will be modified by the court so as to be rendered enforceable to the fullest extent permitted by law, consistent with the intent of the parties. This Agreement will be deemed to have been entered into and will be construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of California without regard to conflict of laws principles. Any ambiguity in this Agreement shall not be construed against either party as the drafter. Any waiver of a breach of this Agreement shall be in writing and shall not be deemed to be a waiver of any successive breach. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts and electronic or facsimile signatures will suffice as original signatures.
If this Agreement is acceptable to you, please sign below and return the original to me. You have twenty-one (21) days to decide whether to accept this Agreement, and the Company’s offer contained herein will automatically expire if you do not sign and return it within that timeframe.
We wish you the best in your future endeavors.



Sincerely,

By: /s/ Joel D. Becker
Joel D. Becker
Chief Executive Officer

I HAVE READ, UNDERSTAND AND AGREE FULLY TO THE FOREGOING AGREEMENT:
/s/ Rebecca Kuhn    
Rebecca Kuhn
June 20, 2025    
Date





Exhibit A
Outstanding Unvested Equity – Continued Vesting
Grant Number Grant Date Plan/Type Shares Price ($) Unvested
2021380 03/03/2022 2021/ISO 15,695  8.150  10,051 
2021381 03/03/2022 2021/NQ 77,785  8.150  7,476 
2021386 03/03/2022 2021/RSU 46,740  8,764 
 
2021698 02/20/2023 2021/RSU 80,000  20,000 
 
2021816 02/27/2024 2021/ISO 9,945  17.110  9,945 
2021817 02/27/2024 2021/NQ 15,005  17.110  7,208 
2021938 02/27/2024 2021/RSU 12,500  8,594 
2022093 03/10/2025 2021/RSU 11,700  11,700 
2022119 03/10/2025 2021/ISO 6,204  10.040  6,204 
2022120 03/10/2025 2021/NQ 13,646  10.040  13,646 


EX-10.2 3 exhibit102-patrickwilliams.htm EX-10.2 Document
Exhibit 10.2




June 5, 2025

Patrick Williams

Re: Offer Letter and Employment Agreement Dear Patrick:
NeuroPace, Inc. (“NeuroPace” or the “Company”) is pleased to offer you the position of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to the terms set forth in this offer letter agreement (the “Agreement”). The terms of your new position with the Company are as set forth below:

1)Employment by the Company.

a)Position. You will serve as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer.

b)Duties. You will perform those duties and responsibilities as are customary for the position of Chief Financial Officer and as may be directed by the Chief Executive Officer, to whom you will report.

c)Location. You will work a minimum of three (3) days per week out of the
Company’s offices in Mountain View, California (or traveling on Company business) and the other days remotely from your home, both locations of which will be considered your primary places of employment. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company reserves the right to reasonably require you to perform your duties at places other than your primary places of employment from time to time, and to require reasonable business travel.

d)Start Date. If you find the terms of this letter agreeable, you will commence this new position with the Company on a mutually agreed upon date no later than July 3, 2025 (your “Start Date”).

e)Conditions. For purposes of federal immigration law, you will be required to provide to the Company documentary evidence of your identity and eligibility for employment in the United States.






Such documentation must be provided within three (3) business days of your Start Date. This offer is further contingent upon satisfactory reference and background checks.

f)Outside Activities. Throughout your employment with the Company, you may engage in civic and not-for-profit activities so long as such activities do not interfere with the performance of your duties hereunder or present a conflict of interest with the Company. During your employment by the Company, except on behalf of the Company, you will not directly or indirectly serve as an officer, director, stockholder, employee, partner, proprietor, investor, joint venturer, associate, representative or consultant of any other person, corporation, firm, partnership or other entity whatsoever known by you to compete with the Company (or is planning or preparing to compete with the Company), anywhere in the world, in any line of business engaged in (or planned to be engaged in) by the Company; provided, however, that you may purchase or otherwise acquire up to (but not more than) one percent (1%) of any class of securities of any enterprise (but without participating in the activities of such enterprise) if such securities are listed on any national or regional securities exchange.

2)Compensation and Benefits.

a)Base Salary. You will be paid a base salary at the rate of $500,000 per year. Your base salary will be paid on the Company’s ordinary payroll cycle, less applicable payroll deductions and withholdings. As an exempt salaried employee, you will be required to work the Company’s normal business hours, and such additional time as appropriate for your work assignments and position, and you will not be entitled to overtime compensation.

b)Annual Discretionary Bonus. You will also be eligible to earn an annual discretionary bonus with a target amount equal to 60% of your annual base salary. The amount of this bonus will be determined in the sole discretion of the Company and based, in part, on your performance and the performance of the Company during the calendar year, as well as any other criteria the Company or the Board of Directors (the “Board”) deem relevant, as set forth in the
Company’s Employee Cash Incentive Plan or any successor cash incentive program sponsored by the Company, as in effect from time to time.
c)Equity Compensation.

i)Sign-On Grant. Provided you sign this Agreement and begin employment with the Company on your Start Date, and specifically in exchange for your promise to comply with your obligations set forth in this Agreement, the Company will recommend that the Board or committee thereof grant you (a) 10,370 restricted stock units (the “Sign-On RSUs) with each unit representing the right to receive one share of the Company’s common stock and (b) 17,600 stock options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock, with an exercise price equal to the fair market value on the date of the grant (“Sign-On Options”). Twenty-five (25%) of the Sign-On RSUs and Sign-On Options will vest on the one-year anniversary of the grant date, with the balance of the shares vesting quarterly over the following three (3) years, subject to your Continued Service (as defined in the Plan) with the Company through each vesting date.



The Sign-On RSUs and Sign-On Options will be granted as soon as administratively feasible upon your Start Date.

ii)New Hire Equity Grant. In connection with the commencement of your employment, and to induce you to accept this employment offer, the Company will recommend that the Board or a committee thereof grant you (a) 41,480 restricted stock units (“New Hire RSUs”) with each unit representing the right to receive one share of the Company’s common stock and (b) 70,350 stock options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock, with an exercise price equal to the fair market value on the date of the grant (“New Hire Options”). Twenty-five (25%) of the New Hire RSUs and New Hire Options will vest on the one-year anniversary of the grant date, with the balance of the shares vesting quarterly over the following three (3) years, subject to your Continued Service (as defined in the Plan) with the Company through each vesting date. The New Hire RSUs and New Hire Options will be granted on or about the twentieth of the month following your Start Date, per the Company’s standard granting practice.

iii)All awards will be granted pursuant to the terms and conditions of the
Company’s 2021 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended or restated from time to time, (the “Plan”), the grant notice and award agreement, and the Company’s policies in effect from time to time.

d)Officer Severance Benefit Plan. You will be eligible to participate in the Company’s Officer Severance Benefit Plan (the “Severance Plan”) subject to the terms and conditions of the Severance Plan, including but not limited to the “parachute payment best after-tax” treatment set forth in the Severance Plan, which shall be applicable with respect to any payments or benefits you may receive from the Company or otherwise in connection with any change in control of the Company, whether pursuant to the Severance Plan or otherwise. A copy of the Severance Plan has been provided to you concurrently with this Agreement and you have executed the Severance Plan participation agreement (the “Participation Agreement”) (Exhibit A) contemporaneously herewith.

e)Employee Benefits. As a regular full-time employee, you will be eligible to participate in the Company’s standard employee benefits offered to executive level employees, as in effect from time to time and subject to the terms and conditions of the benefit plans and applicable Company policies. A full description of these benefits is available upon request. Subject to the terms of this Agreement, the Company may change your compensation and benefits from time to time in its discretion.

f)Expenses. The Company will reimburse you for reasonable travel, entertainment or other expenses incurred by you in furtherance of or in connection with the performance of your
duties hereunder, in accordance with the Company’s expense reimbursement policies and practices
as in effect from time to time.




3)Confidential Information.

a)Confidentiality Information and Invention Assignment Agreement. Your acceptance of this offer and commencement of employment with the Company is contingent upon
the execution, and delivery to an officer of the Company, of the Company’s Confidential Information and Invention Assignment Agreement, a copy of which is included for your review and execution as Exhibit B (the “Confidentiality Agreement”), prior to or on your Start Date.

b)Conflicting Obligations. You agree not to bring to the Company or use in the performance of your responsibilities at the Company any information, materials or documents of a former employer that are not generally available to the public, unless you have obtained express written authorization from the former employer for their possession and use. You also agree to honor all obligations to former employers during your employment with the Company.
4)At-Will Employment Relationship. Your employment relationship with the Company is at will. Accordingly, you may terminate your employment with the Company at any time and for any reason whatsoever simply by notifying the Company; and the Company may terminate your employment at any time, with or without Cause or advance notice, subject to the Severance Plan. If your employment is terminated by you or the Company for any reason, you agree to resign from any position you hold on the Board to be effective no later than the date of your termination (or such other date as requested by the Board).
5)Compliance With or Exemption From Section 409A. It is intended that the benefits set forth in this Agreement satisfy, to the greatest extent possible, the exemptions from the application of Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (the “Code”) (Section 409A, together with any state law of similar effect, “Section 409A”) provided under Treasury Regulations 1.409A-1(b)(4), 1.409A- 1(b)(5) and 1.409A-1(b)(9). With respect to reimbursements or in-kind benefits provided to you hereunder (or otherwise) that are not exempt from Section 409A, the following rules shall apply: (i) the amount of expenses eligible for reimbursement, or in-kind benefits provided, during any one of your taxable years shall not affect the expenses eligible for reimbursement, or in-kind benefit to be provided in any other taxable year, (ii) in the case of any reimbursements of eligible expenses, reimbursement shall be made on or before the last day of your taxable year following the taxable year in which the expense was incurred, (iii) the right to reimbursement or in-kind benefits shall not be subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit.
6)Indemnification Agreement. You and the Company will enter into an indemnification
agreement (the “Indemnification Agreement”), which may be amended from time to time, and will be subject to the terms as then currently in effect.
7)Dispute Resolution.



a)Arbitration Agreement. To ensure the rapid and economical resolution of disputes that may arise in connection with your employment with the Company, you and the Company agree that any and all disputes, claims, or causes of action, in law or equity, including but not limited to statutory claims, arising from or relating to the enforcement, breach, performance, or interpretation of this Agreement, your employment with the Company, or the termination of your employment, shall be resolved pursuant to the Federal Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C. § 1-16, to the fullest extent permitted by law, by final, binding and confidential arbitration conducted by JAMS, Inc. or its successor (“ JAMS”), under JAMS’ then applicable rules and procedures for employment disputes before a single arbitrator (available upon request and also currently available at http://www.jamsadr.com/rules- employment-arbitration/). You acknowledge that by agreeing to this arbitration procedure, both you and the Company waive the right to resolve any such dispute through a trial by jury or judge or administrative proceeding.
b)Individual Claims. All claims, disputes, or causes of action under this section, whether by you or the Company, must be brought in an individual capacity, and shall not be brought as a plaintiff (or claimant) or class member in any purported class or representative proceeding, nor joined or consolidated with the claims of any other person or entity. The arbitrator may not consolidate the claims of more than one person or entity, and may not preside over any form of representative or class proceeding. To the extent that the preceding sentences regarding class claims or proceedings are found to violate applicable law or are otherwise found unenforceable, any claim(s) alleged or brought on behalf of a class shall proceed in a court of law rather than by arbitration. This paragraph shall not apply to any action or claim that cannot be subject to mandatory arbitration as a matter of law, including, without limitation, claims brought pursuant to the California Private Attorneys General Act of 2004, as amended, the California Fair Employment and Housing Act, as amended, and the California Labor Code, as amended, to the extent such claims are not permitted by applicable law to be submitted to mandatory arbitration and such applicable law(s) are not preempted by the Federal Arbitration Act or otherwise invalid (collectively, the “Excluded Claims”). In the event you intend to bring multiple claims, including one of the Excluded Claims listed above, the Excluded Claims may be publicly filed with a court, while any other claims will remain subject to mandatory arbitration.
c) Process. You will have the right to be represented by legal counsel at any arbitration proceeding. Questions of whether a claim is subject to arbitration under this agreement shall be decided by the arbitrator. Likewise, procedural questions which grow out of the dispute and bear on the final disposition are also matters for the arbitrator. The arbitrator shall: (a) have the authority to compel adequate discovery for the resolution of the dispute and to award such relief as would otherwise be permitted by law; and (b) issue a written statement signed by the arbitrator regarding the disposition of each claim and the relief, if any, awarded as to each claim, the reasons for the award, and the arbitrator’s essential findings and conclusions on which the award is based. The arbitrator shall be authorized to award all relief that you or the Company would be entitled to seek in a court of law. The Company shall pay all JAMS arbitration fees in excess of the administrative fees that you would be required to pay if the dispute were decided in a court of law.





8)Injunctive Relief. Nothing in this Agreement is intended to prevent either you or the Company from obtaining injunctive relief in court to prevent irreparable harm pending the conclusion of any such arbitration. Any awards or orders in such arbitrations may be entered and enforced as judgments in the federal and state courts of any competent jurisdiction.
9)Miscellaneous. This Agreement, together with your Confidentiality Agreement, Participation Agreement and Indemnification Agreement, forms the complete and exclusive statement of your employment agreement with the Company. It supersedes any other agreements or promises made to you by anyone, whether oral or written. Changes in your employment terms, other than those changes expressly reserved to the Company’s or the Board’s discretion in this Agreement, require a written modification approved by the Company and signed by a duly authorized officer of the Company (other than you). This Agreement will bind the heirs, personal representatives, successors and assigns of both you and the Company, and inure to the benefit of both you and the Company, their heirs, successors and assigns. If any provision of this Agreement is determined to be invalid or unenforceable, in whole or in part, this determination shall not affect any other provision of this Agreement and the provision in question shall be modified so as to be rendered enforceable in a manner consistent with the intent of the parties insofar as possible under applicable law. This Agreement shall be construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of California without regard to conflicts of law principles. Any ambiguity in this Agreement shall not be construed against either party as the drafter. Any waiver of a breach of this Agreement, or rights hereunder, shall be in writing and shall not be deemed to be a waiver of any successive breach or rights hereunder. This Agreement may be delivered and executed via facsimile, electronic mail (including pdf or any electronic signature complying with the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, Uniform Electronic Transactions Act or other applicable law) or other transmission method and shall be deemed to have been duly and validly delivered and executed and be valid and effective for all purposes.







[CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE]





Please sign and date this Agreement and return a signed copy to me on or before June 11, 2025, to confirm your acceptance of this Agreement.

NeuroPace, Inc.


By: /s/ Joel D. Becker
Joel D. Becker
Chief Executive Officer




Accepted and Agreed:

/s/ Patrick Williams
Patrick Williams


June 5, 2025
Date


EX-10.3 4 exhibit103-midcapcreditagr.htm EX-10.3 Document
Execution Version
Exhibit 10.3

                                                    

CREDIT, SECURITY AND GUARANTY AGREEMENT
    dated as of June 4, 2025    
by and among
NEUROPACE, INC.,
as Borrower and any additional borrower that hereafter becomes party hereto, each as Borrower, and collectively as Borrowers,
and
any guarantor that hereafter becomes party hereto, each as Guarantor, and collectively as Guarantors,
and
MIDCAP FUNDING IV TRUST,
as Agent,
MIDCAP FINANCIAL TRUST,
as Term Loan Servicer,
and
THE LENDERS
FROM TIME TO TIME PARTY HERETO


                                                
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
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CREDIT, SECURITY AND GUARANTY AGREEMENT
This CREDIT, SECURITY AND GUARANTY AGREEMENT (as the same may be amended, supplemented, restated or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Agreement”) is dated as of June 4, 2025 by and among NEUROPACE, INC., a Delaware corporation (“NeuroPace”) and any additional borrower that may hereafter be added to this Agreement and each of their successors and permitted assigns (together with NeuroPace, each individually as a “Borrower”, and collectively, the “Borrowers”), any entities that become party hereto as Guarantors and each of their successors and permitted assigns (each individually, a “Guarantor” and collectively, with each of their successors and assigns, the “Guarantors”), MIDCAP FUNDING IV TRUST, as Agent, MIDCAP FINANCIAL TRUST, as Term Loan Servicer, and the financial institutions or other entities from time to time parties hereto, each as a Lender.
RECITALS
The Credit Parties have requested that Lenders make available to Borrowers the financing facilities as described herein. Lenders are willing to extend such credit to Borrowers under the terms and conditions herein set forth.
        AGREEMENT
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the agreements, provisions and covenants herein contained, Credit Parties, Lenders, Agent and Term Loan Servicer agree as follows:
Article 1- DEFINITIONS
Section 1.1Certain Defined Terms. The following terms have the following meanings:
“Acceleration Event” means the occurrence of an Event of Default (a) in respect of which Agent has declared all or any portion of the Obligations to be immediately due and payable pursuant to Section 10.2 and/or (b) pursuant to either Section 10.1(e) and/or Section 10.1(f).
“Account Debtor” means “account debtor”, as defined in Article 9 of the UCC, and any other obligor in respect of an Account.
“Accounts” means, collectively, (a) without duplication, any “account” (as defined in the UCC), any accounts receivable (whether in the form of payments for services rendered or goods sold, rents, license fees or otherwise), any “health-care-insurance receivables” (as defined in the UCC), any “payment intangibles” (as defined in the UCC) and all other rights to payment of a monetary obligation and/or reimbursement of every kind and description, whether or not earned by performance, and (b) all Proceeds of any of the foregoing.
“Acquisition” means any transaction or series of related transactions for the purpose of or resulting, directly or indirectly, in (a) the acquisition (including through licensing) of all or substantially all of the assets of a Person, or of any business, line of business or division or other unit of operation of a Person, (b) the acquisition of fifty percent (50%) or more of the Equity Interests of any Person, whether or not involving a merger or consolidation with such other Person, or otherwise causing any Person to become a Subsidiary of a Credit Party, (c) any merger or consolidation or any other combination with another Person or (d) the acquisition (including through licensing) of any Product, Product line or Intellectual Property of or from any other Person (but in each case excluding in-bound licenses of, and purchases of, over-the-counter and other software that is commercially available to the public and open source licenses in the Ordinary Course of Business) or any assets constituting an entire business unit, line of business or division of such other Person.
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“Additional Titled Agents” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.15.
“Affected Financial Institution” means (a) any EEA Financial Institution or (b) any UK Financial Institution.
“Affected Lenders” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.17(c).
“Affiliate” means, with respect to any Person, (a) any Person that directly or indirectly controls such Person, (b) any Person which is controlled by or is under common control with such controlling Person, and (c) each of such Person’s (other than, with respect to any Lender, any Lender’s) officers or directors (or Persons functioning in substantially similar roles). As used in this definition, the term “control” of a Person means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to vote twenty percent (20%) or more of any class of voting securities of such Person or to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of a Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.
“Agent” means MCF, in its capacity as administrative agent for itself and for Lenders hereunder, as such capacity is established in, and subject to the provisions of, Article 11, and the successors and assigns of MCF in such capacity.
“Anti-Terrorism Laws” means any Laws relating to terrorism or money laundering, including, without limitation, Executive Order No. 13224 (effective September 24, 2001), the USA PATRIOT Act, the Laws comprising or implementing the Bank Secrecy Act, and the Laws or general or specific licenses administered by OFAC.
“Applicable Margin” means (a) with respect to Revolving Loans, three and three quarters percent (3.75%) and (b) with respect to Term Loans and all other Obligations, five and one half percent (5.50%).
“Applicable Liquidity Threshold” means (a) for the period commencing on the Closing Date and ending on June 30, 2027, an amount equal to $60,000,000, and (b) for the period commencing on July 1, 2027 and all times thereafter, an amount equal to $40,000,000; provided that if the Borrower Representative delivers a Compliance Certificate for calendar quarter ending on December 31, 2026 demonstrating to Agent’s reasonable satisfaction that Net RNS Systems Revenue for the Defined Period ending on such date is equal to or greater than $90,000,000, then the Applicable Liquidity Threshold at all times thereafter shall be an amount equal to $35,000,000.
“Applicable Minimum Net Revenue Threshold” means the minimum Net RNS Systems Revenue amount set forth on Schedule 6.1 attached hereto for such Defined Period.
“Approved Fund” means any (a) investment company, fund, trust, securitization vehicle or conduit that is (or will be) engaged in making, purchasing, holding or otherwise investing in commercial loans and similar extensions of credit in the ordinary course of business, or (b) any Person (other than a natural person) which temporarily warehouses loans for any Lender or any entity described in the preceding clause (a) and that, with respect to each of the preceding clauses (a) and (b), is administered or managed by (i) a Lender, (ii) an Affiliate of a Lender, or (iii) a Person (other than a natural person) or an Affiliate of a Person (other than a natural person) that administers or manages a Lender.
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“Asset Disposition” means any sale, lease, license, transfer, assignment or other disposition (including by merger, allocation of assets (including allocation of assets to any series of a limited liability company), division, consolidation or amalgamation, but excluding dispositions resulting from any casualty or other damage to, any property or asset) by any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof of any asset of such Credit Party or such Subsidiary.
“Assignment Agreement” means an assignment agreement in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit G or such other form that is acceptable to Agent and, as applicable, Borrower Representative.
“Available Tenor” means, as of any date of determination with respect to the then-current Benchmark, (a) if such Benchmark is a term rate, any tenor for such Benchmark (or component thereof) that is or may be used for determining the length of an interest period pursuant to this Agreement or (b) otherwise, any payment period for interest calculated with reference to such Benchmark (or component thereof) that is or may be used for determining any frequency of making payments of interest calculated with reference to such Benchmark pursuant to this Agreement, in each case, as of such date and not including, for the avoidance of doubt, any tenor for such Benchmark that is then-removed from the definition of “Interest Period” or similar term pursuant to Section 2.2(o).
“Bail-In Action” means the exercise of any Write-Down and Conversion Powers by the applicable Resolution Authority in respect of any liability of an Affected Financial Institution.
“Bail-In Legislation” means (a) with respect to any EEA Member Country implementing Article 55 of Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union, the implementing law, regulation, rule or requirement for such EEA Member Country from time to time which is described in the EU Bail-In Legislation Schedule and (b) with respect to the United Kingdom, Part I of the United Kingdom Banking Act 2009 (as amended from time to time) and any other law, regulation or rule applicable in the United Kingdom relating to the resolution of unsound or failing banks, investment firms or other financial institutions or their affiliates (other than through liquidation, administration or other insolvency proceedings).
“Bankruptcy Code” means Title 11 of the United States Code entitled “Bankruptcy”, as the same may be amended, modified or supplemented from time to time, and any successor statute thereto.
“Base Rate” means a per annum rate of interest equal to the greater of (a) the Floor and (b) a per annum rate of interest equal to the rate of interest announced, from time to time, within Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (“Wells Fargo”) at its principal office in San Francisco as its “prime rate,” with the understanding that the “prime rate” is one of Wells Fargo’s base rates (not necessarily the lowest of such rates) and serves as the basis upon which effective rates of interest are calculated for those loans making reference thereto and is evidenced by the recording thereof after its announcement in such internal publications as Wells Fargo may designate; provided, however, that Agent may, upon prior written notice to Borrower, choose a reasonably comparable index or source to use as the basis for the Base Rate.
“Base Rate Loan” means a Loan that bears interest at a rate based on the Base Rate.
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“Benchmark” means, initially, Term SOFR; provided that if a Benchmark Transition Event and its related Benchmark Replacement Date have occurred with respect to Term SOFR or the then-current Benchmark, then “Benchmark” means the applicable Benchmark Replacement to the extent that such Benchmark Replacement has replaced such prior benchmark rate pursuant to Section 2.2(o).
“Benchmark Replacement” means, with respect to any Benchmark Transition Event, the sum of: (a) the alternate benchmark rate that has been selected by Agent giving due consideration to (i) any selection or recommendation of a replacement benchmark rate or the mechanism for determining such a rate by the Relevant Governmental Body or (ii) any evolving or then-prevailing market convention for determining a benchmark rate as a replacement to the then-current Benchmark for Dollar-denominated syndicated credit facilities at such time and (b) the related Benchmark Replacement Adjustment; provided that, if such Benchmark Replacement as so determined would be less than the Floor, such Benchmark Replacement will be deemed to be the Floor for the purposes of this Agreement and the other Financing Documents.
“Benchmark Replacement Adjustment” means, with respect to any replacement of the then-current Benchmark with an Unadjusted Benchmark Replacement for any applicable Available Tenor, the spread adjustment, or method for calculating or determining such spread adjustment (which may be a positive or negative value or zero) that has been selected by Agent giving due consideration to any selection or recommendation by the Relevant Governmental Body, or any evolving or then-prevailing market convention at such time, for determining a spread adjustment, or method for calculating or determining such spread adjustment, for such type of replacement for U.S. dollar-denominated syndicated credit facilities at such time.
“Benchmark Replacement Date” means the earlier to occur of the following events with respect to the then-current Benchmark: (a) in the case of clause (a) or (b) of the definition of “Benchmark Transition Event”, the later of (i) the date of the public statement or publication of information referenced therein and (ii) the date on which the administrator of such Benchmark (or the published component used in the calculation thereof) permanently or indefinitely ceases to provide all Available Tenors of such Benchmark (or such component thereof); or (b) in the case of clause (c) of the definition of “Benchmark Transition Event”, the first date on which such Benchmark (or the published component used in the calculation thereof) has been determined and announced by the regulatory supervisor for the administrator of such Benchmark (or such component thereof) to be no longer representative; provided, that such non-representativeness will be determined by reference to the most recent statement or publication referenced in such clause (c) even if any Available Tenor of such Benchmark (or such component thereof) continues to be provided on such date. For the avoidance of doubt, the “Benchmark Replacement Date” will be deemed to have occurred in the case of clause (a) or (b) with respect to any Benchmark upon the occurrence of the applicable event or events set forth therein with respect to all then-current Available Tenors of such Benchmark (or the published component used in the calculation thereof).
“Benchmark Transition Event” means the occurrence of one or more of the following events with respect to the then-current Benchmark: (a) a public statement or publication of information by or on behalf of the administrator of such Benchmark (or the published component used in the calculation thereof) announcing that such administrator has ceased or will cease to provide all Available Tenors of such Benchmark (or such component thereof), permanently or indefinitely, provided that, at the time of such statement or publication, there is no successor administrator that will continue to provide any Available Tenor of such Benchmark (or such component thereof); (b) a public statement or publication of information by the regulatory supervisor for the administrator of such Benchmark (or the published component used in the calculation thereof), the Federal Reserve Board, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, an insolvency official or resolution authority with jurisdiction over the administrator for such Benchmark (or such component), or a court or an entity with similar insolvency or resolution authority, which states that the administrator of such Benchmark (or such component) has ceased or will cease to provide all Available Tenors of such Benchmark (or such component thereof) permanently or indefinitely, provided that, at the time of such statement or publication, there is no successor administrator that will continue to provide any Available Tenor of such Benchmark (or such component thereof); or (c) a public statement or publication of information by the regulatory supervisor for the administrator of such Benchmark (or the published component used in the calculation thereof) announcing that all Available Tenors of such Benchmark (or such component thereof) are no longer, or as of a specified future date will no longer be, representative.
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For the avoidance of doubt, a “Benchmark Transition Event” will be deemed to have occurred with respect to any Benchmark if a public statement or publication of information set forth above has occurred with respect to each then-current Available Tenor of such Benchmark (or the published component used in the calculation thereof).
“Benchmark Transition Start Date” means, in the case of a Benchmark Transition Event, the earlier of (a) the applicable Benchmark Replacement Date and (b) if such Benchmark Transition Event is a public statement or publication of information of a prospective event, the 90th day prior to the expected date of such event as of such public statement or publication of information (or if the expected date of such prospective event is fewer than 90 days after such statement or publication, the date of such statement or publication).
“Benchmark Unavailability Period” means the period (if any) (a) beginning at the time that a Benchmark Replacement Date pursuant to clauses (a) or (b) of that definition has occurred if, at such time, no Benchmark Replacement has replaced the then-current Benchmark for all purposes hereunder and under any Financing Document in accordance with Section 2.2(o) and (b) ending at the time that a Benchmark Replacement has replaced the then-current Benchmark for all purposes hereunder and under any Financing Document in accordance with Section 2.2(o).
“Blocked Person” means any Person: (a) listed in the annex to, or is otherwise subject to the provisions of, Executive Order No. 13224, (b) owned or controlled by, or acting for or on behalf of, any Person that is listed in the annex to, or is otherwise subject to the provisions of, Executive Order No. 13224, (c) with which any Lender is prohibited from dealing or otherwise engaging in any transaction by any Anti-Terrorism Law, (d) that commits, threatens or conspires to commit or supports “terrorism” as defined in Executive Order No. 13224, (e) that is named a “specially designated national” or “blocked person” on the most current list published by OFAC or other similar sanctions list or is named as a “listed person” or “listed entity” on other lists made under any Anti-Terrorism Law, or (f) any Person resident in, organized under the laws of or incorporated in a Sanctioned Country.
“Borrower” and “Borrowers” has the meaning set forth in the introductory paragraph hereto.
“Borrower Representative” means NeuroPace, in its capacity as Borrower Representative pursuant to the provisions of Section 2.9, or any successor Borrower Representative selected by Borrowers and approved by Agent.
“Borrowing Base” means, the sum of:
(a)the product of (i) eighty five percent (85.0%) multiplied by (ii) the aggregate net amount at such time of the Eligible Accounts; plus
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(b)the lesser of (i) forty percent (40.0%) multiplied by the Orderly Liquidation Value of the Eligible Inventory, or (ii) forty percent (40.0%) multiplied by the value of the Eligible Inventory, valued at the lower of first-in-first-out cost or market cost, and after factoring in all rebates, discounts and other incentives or rewards associated with the purchase of the applicable Inventory; minus
(c)the amount of any reserves and/or other adjustments provided for in this Agreement;
(d)provided, that the Borrowing Base shall automatically be adjusted down, if necessary, such that (i) the aggregate availability from Eligible Inventory shall never exceed an amount equal to twenty five percent (25.0%) of the Revolving Loan Limit, as of any date of determination.
“Borrowing Base Certificate” means a certificate, duly executed by a Responsible Officer of Borrower Representative, appropriately completed and substantially in a form to be agreed between Agent and Borrower. Upon such agreement, the form of Borrowing Base Certificate will be attached to this Agreement as Exhibit C hereto.
“Business Day” means any day except a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which either the New York Stock Exchange is closed, or on which commercial banks in Washington, DC and New York City are authorized by Law to close; provided, however, that when used in the context of a SOFR Loan, the term “Business Day” shall also exclude any day that is not also a SOFR Business Day.
“Capital Lease” of any Person means any lease of any property by such Person as lessee which would, in accordance with GAAP (subject to the last sentence of Section 1.2), be required to be accounted for as a capital lease or finance lease on the balance sheet of such Person.
“Cash Dominion Event” means, at any time after the Revolving Loans Start Date, Liquidity is less than $35,000,000 as of the end of the Business Day for three (3) consecutive Business Days.
“Cash Dominion Period” means each period beginning immediately upon the occurrence of a Cash Dominion Event and ending on the date that both (a) no Event of Default exists and is continuing and (b) Agent has received evidence reasonably satisfactory to it that Liquidity has been greater than or equal to $35,000,000 on each day for a period of ten (10) consecutive Business Days following the occurrence of the applicable Cash Dominion Event.
“Cash Equivalents” means, as of any date of determination, any of the following: (a) marketable securities (i) issued or directly and unconditionally guaranteed as to interest and principal by the United States government, or (ii) issued by any agency of the United States the obligations of which are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, in each case maturing within one (1) year after such date; (b) marketable direct obligations issued by any state of the United States or any political subdivision of any such state or any public instrumentality thereof, in each case maturing within one (1) year after such date and having, at the time of the acquisition thereof, a rating of at least A-1 from S&P or at least P-1 from Moody’s; (c) commercial paper maturing no more than one (1) year from the date of creation thereof and having, at the time of the acquisition thereof, a rating of at least A-1 from S&P or at least P-1 from Moody’s, or carrying an equivalent rating by a nationally recognized rating agency, if both of the two named rating agencies cease publishing ratings of commercial paper issuers generally; (d) certificates of deposit or bankers’ acceptances maturing within one (1) year after such date and issued or accepted by any Lender or by any commercial bank organized under the laws of the United States or any state thereof or the District of Columbia that (i) is at least “adequately capitalized” (as defined in the regulations of its primary federal banking regulator), and (ii) has Tier 1 capital (as defined in such regulations) of not less than $100,000,000; (e) shares of any money market mutual fund that (i) has substantially all of its assets invested continuously in the types of investments referred to in clauses (a) and (b) above, (ii) has net assets of not less than $500,000,000, and (iii) has the highest rating obtainable from either S&P or Moody’s and (f) Investments permitted by Borrower’s investment policy as in effect as of the date of this Agreement, with such changes thereto as shall be approved by Borrower’s board of directors with the consent of Agent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned.
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“CERCLA” means the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, 42 U.S.C.A. § 9601 et seq., as the same may be amended from time to time.
“Change in Control” means any of the following events: (a) any “person” or “group” (as such terms are used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) becomes the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rules 13d-3 and 13d-5 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except that a person or group shall be deemed to have “beneficial ownership” of all securities that such person or group has the right to acquire, whether such right is exercisable immediately or only after the passage of time (such right, an “option right”)), directly or indirectly, of forty percent (40%) or more of the combined voting power of all voting stock of NeuroPace on a fully-diluted basis (and taking into account all such securities that such person or group has the right to acquire pursuant to any option right); or (b) any Credit Party ceases to own, directly or indirectly, 100% of the capital stock of any of its Subsidiaries (with the exception of qualifying directors shares or similar interests, any Subsidiaries permitted to be dissolved, merged or otherwise disposed of to the extent otherwise permitted by this Agreement, and joint ventures expressly permitted by this Agreement).
“Closing Date” means the date of this Agreement.
“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time, any successor statutes thereto, and applicable U.S. Department of Treasury regulations issued pursuant thereto in temporary or final form.
“Collateral” means all property, other than Excluded Property, now existing or hereafter acquired, mortgaged or pledged to, or purported to be subjected to a Lien in favor of, Agent, for the benefit of Agent and Lenders, pursuant to this Agreement and the Security Documents, including, without limitation, all of the property described in Schedule 9.1 hereto.
“Commitment Annex” means Annex A to this Agreement.
“Compliance Certificate” means a certificate, duly executed by a Responsible Officer of Borrower Representative, appropriately completed and substantially in the form of Exhibit B hereto.
“Conforming Changes” means, with respect to either the use or administration of Term SOFR or the use, administration, adoption or implementation of any Benchmark Replacement, any technical, administrative or operational changes (including (a) changes to the definition of “Base Rate”, “Business Day”, “Interest Period”, “Reference Time” or other definitions, (b) the addition of concepts such as “interest period”, (c) changes to timing and/or frequency of determining rates, making interest payments, giving borrowing requests, prepayment, conversion or continuation notices, or length of lookback periods, (d) the applicability of Section 2.8 (Taxes; Capital Adequacy; Increased Costs; Inability to Determine Rates; Illegality) and (e) other technical, administrative or operational matters) that Agent decides may be appropriate to reflect the adoption and implementation of Term SOFR or such Benchmark Replacement and to permit the administration thereof by Agent in a manner substantially consistent with market practice (or, if Agent decides that adoption of any portion of such market practice is not administratively feasible or determines that no such market practice exists, in such other manner as Agent decides is reasonably necessary in connection with the administration of this Agreement and the other Financing Documents).
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“Connection Income Taxes” means Other Connection Taxes that are imposed on or measured by net income (however denominated) or that are franchise Taxes or branch profits Taxes.
“Consolidated Subsidiary” means, at any date, any Subsidiary the accounts of which would be consolidated with those of NeuroPace (or any other Person, as the context may require hereunder) in its consolidated financial statements if such statements were prepared as of such date.
“Contingent Obligation” means, with respect to any Person, any direct or indirect liability of such Person: (a) with respect to any Debt of another Person (a “Third Party Obligation”) if the purpose or intent of such Person incurring such liability, or the effect thereof, is to provide assurance to the obligee of such Third Party Obligation that such Third Party Obligation will be paid or discharged, or that any agreement relating thereto will be complied with, or that any holder of such Third Party Obligation will be protected, in whole or in part, against loss with respect thereto; (b) with respect to any undrawn portion of any letter of credit issued for the account of such Person or as to which such Person is otherwise liable for the reimbursement of any drawing; (c) under any Swap Contract, to the extent not yet due and payable; (d) to make take-or-pay or similar payments if required regardless of nonperformance by any other party or parties to an agreement; or (e) for any obligations of another Person pursuant to any Guarantee or pursuant to any agreement to purchase, repurchase or otherwise acquire any obligation or any property constituting security therefor, to provide funds for the payment or discharge of such obligation or to preserve the solvency, financial condition or level of income of another Person. The amount of any Contingent Obligation shall be equal to the amount of the obligation so Guaranteed or otherwise supported or, if lower, the stated maximum amount for which such Person may be liable under such Contingent Obligation, or if not a fixed and determinable amount, the maximum amount so Guaranteed or otherwise supported.
“Controlled Group” means all members of a group of corporations and all members of a group of trades or businesses (whether or not incorporated) under common control which, together with the Credit Parties, are treated as a single employer under Section 414(b), (c), (m) or (o) of the Code or Section 4001(b) of ERISA and, solely for purposes of Section 412 and 436 of the Code, Section 414(m) or (o) of the Code.
“Correction” means repair, modification, adjustment, relabeling, destruction or inspection (including patient monitoring) of a Product without its physical removal to some other location.
“Credit Card Cash Collateral Account” means, collectively, each segregated Deposit Account from time to time identified to Agent in writing established by Borrower for the sole purpose of securing Borrower’s obligations under clause (k) of the definition Permitted Debt and containing only such cash or Cash Equivalents that have been required to be pledged to secure such obligations of Borrower; provided, that the aggregate amount of cash or Cash Equivalents deposited in all such Credit Card Cash Collateral Account(s) does not, at any time, exceed $1,000,000 in the aggregate.
“Credit Party” means each Borrower and each Guarantor; and “Credit Parties” means all such Persons, collectively; provided, however, that, for the avoidance of doubt, in no event shall any Restricted Foreign Subsidiary be deemed to be or otherwise required to be a “Credit Party” for purposes of this Agreement or the other Financing Documents.
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“Credit Party Unrestricted Cash” means unrestricted cash and Cash Equivalents of the Credit Parties that (a) are held in the name of a Credit Party in a Deposit Account or Securities Account located in the United States that is subject to a Deposit Account Control Agreement or Securities Account Control Agreement, as applicable, in favor of Agent at bank or financial institution located in the United States and are otherwise subject to Agent’s first priority perfected security interest, (b) is not subject to any Lien (other than Permitted Liens), and (c) are not funds for the payment of a drawn or committed but unpaid draft, ACH or EFT transaction.
“Debt” of a Person means at any date, without duplication, (a) all obligations of such Person for borrowed money, (b) all obligations of such Person evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or other similar instruments, (c) all obligations of such Person to pay the deferred purchase price of property or services, except trade accounts payable and operating labilities arising and paid on a timely basis and in the Ordinary Course of Business, (d) all Capital Leases of such Person, (e) all non-contingent obligations of such Person to reimburse any bank or other Person in respect of amounts paid under a letter of credit, banker’s acceptance or similar instrument, (f) all Disqualified Equity Interests, (g) all obligations secured by a Lien on any asset of such Person, whether or not such obligation is otherwise an obligation of such Person, (h) “earnouts”, purchase price adjustments, profit sharing arrangements, deferred purchase money amounts and similar payment obligations or continuing obligations of any nature of such Person arising out of purchase and sale contracts, (i) all Debt of others Guaranteed by such Person and (j) all monetary obligations under any synthetic lease, tax ownership/operating lease, off-balance sheet financing or similar financing. Without duplication of any of the foregoing, Debt of Credit Parties shall include any and all Loans.
“Default” means any condition or event which with the giving of notice or lapse of time or both would, unless cured or waived, become an Event of Default.
“Defaulted Lender” means, (i) so long as such failure shall remain in existence and uncured, any Lender which shall have failed to make any Loan or other credit accommodation, disbursement, settlement or reimbursement required pursuant to the terms of any Financing Document, (ii) any Lender that has notified the Credit Parties or Agent in writing that it does not intend to comply with its funding obligations hereunder, or has made a public statement to that effect (unless such writing or public statement relates to such Lender’s obligation to fund a Loan hereunder and states that such position is based on such Lender's determination that a condition precedent to funding (which condition precedent, together with any applicable Default or Event of Default, shall be specifically identified in such writing or public statement) cannot be satisfied), or (iii) any Lender that has, or has a direct or indirect parent company that has, (a) become the subject of any proceeding under the Bankruptcy Code or any other insolvency, debtor relief or debt adjustment or similar law (whether state, provincial, territorial, federal or foreign), or (b) had appointed for it a receiver, custodian, conservator, trustee, administrator, assignee for the benefit of creditors or similar Person charged with reorganization or liquidation of its business or assets, including the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other state or federal regulatory authority acting in such a capacity; provided, that a Lender shall not be a Defaulted Lender solely by virtue of the ownership or acquisition of any equity interest in that Lender or any direct or indirect parent company thereof by a Governmental Authority so long as such ownership interest does not result in or provide such Lender with immunity from the jurisdiction of courts within the United States or from the enforcement of judgments or writs of attachment on its assets or permit such Lender (or such Governmental Authority) to reject, repudiate, disavow or disaffirm any contracts or agreements made with such Lender.
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Any determination by Agent that a Lender is a Defaulted Lender under any one or more of clauses (i) through (iii) above shall be conclusive and binding absent manifest error, and such Lender shall be deemed to be a Defaulted Lender upon delivery of written notice of such determination to Agent and each Lender.
“Defined Period” means for any date of determination, the immediately preceding four (4) quarter period ending on such date.
“Deposit Account” means a “deposit account” (as defined in Article 9 of the UCC), an investment account, or other account in which funds are held or invested for credit to or for the benefit of any Credit Party.
“Deposit Account Control Agreement” means an agreement, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Agent, among Agent, any Credit Party and each financial institution in which such Credit Party maintains a Deposit Account (which is not an Excluded Account), which agreement provides that such financial institution shall comply with instructions originated by Agent directing disposition of the funds in such Deposit Account without further consent by the applicable Credit Party.
“Disqualified Equity Interests” means, with respect to any Person, any Equity Interest in such Person that, within less than 91 days after the Termination Date, either by its terms (or by the terms of any security or any other Equity Interests into which it is convertible or for which it is exchangeable) or upon the happening of any event or condition, (a) matures (excluding any maturity as the result of an optional redemption by the issuer thereof) or is mandatorily redeemable (other than solely for Permitted Debt or other Equity Interests in such Person or of NeuroPace that do not constitute Disqualified Equity Interests and cash in lieu of fractional shares of such Equity Interests), pursuant to a sinking fund obligation or otherwise (except as a result of a change of control or asset sale, liquidation or similar event), (b) is redeemable at the option of the holder thereof, in whole or in part (other than solely for Permitted Debt or other Equity Interests in such Person or of NeuroPace that do not constitute Disqualified Equity Interests and cash in lieu of fractional shares of such Equity Interests), (c) requires the scheduled payments of dividends or distributions in cash, or (d) is or becomes convertible into or exchangeable for Debt (other than Permitted Debt) or any other Equity Interest that would constitute Disqualified Equity Interests; provided, that, if such Equity Interests are issued pursuant to a plan for the benefit of employees of the Borrower or any Subsidiary or by any such plan to such employees, such Equity Interests shall not constitute Disqualified Equity Interests solely because they may be required to be repurchased by the Borrower or its subsidiaries in order to satisfy applicable statutory or regulatory obligations or as a result of such employee’s termination, death or disability (it being understood that the forgoing shall not be deemed to permit any such repurchase unless in compliance with Section 5.3).
“Distribution” means as to any Person (a) any dividend or other distribution or payment (whether in cash, securities or other property) on, or in respect of, any Equity Interest in such Person (except those payable solely in its Equity Interests other than Disqualified Equity Interests), (b) any payment by such Person on account of (i) the purchase, redemption, retirement, defeasance, surrender, cancellation, termination or acquisition of any Equity Interests in such Person or any claim respecting the purchase or sale of any Equity Interest in such Person, or (ii) any option, warrant or other right to acquire any Equity Interests in such Person, (c) any management fees, salaries or other fees or compensation to any Person holding an Equity Interest in a Credit Party or a Subsidiary of a Credit Party (other than reasonable and customary (i) payments of salaries, bonuses and other compensation to individuals, (ii) directors fees, and (iii) advances and reimbursements to employees or directors, all in the Ordinary Course of Business), an Affiliate of a Credit Party or an Affiliate of any Subsidiary of a Credit Party, (d) any lease or rental payments to an Affiliate or Subsidiary of a Credit Party, or (e) repayments of or debt service on loans or other indebtedness (other than conversion to Equity Interests other than Disqualified Equity Interests) held by an Affiliate of any Credit Party unless permitted under and made pursuant to a Subordination Agreement applicable to such loans or other indebtedness.
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“DIXI Agreement” means the Exclusive Distribution Agreement, dated as of August 9, 2022, between DIXI Medical USA Corp, a Delaware corporation, and NeuroPace.
“Dollars” or “$” means the lawful currency of the United States of America.
“EEA Financial Institution” means (a) any credit institution or investment firm established in any EEA Member Country which is subject to the supervision of an EEA Resolution Authority, (b) any entity established in an EEA Member Country which is a parent of an institution described in clause (a) of this definition, or (c) any financial institution established in an EEA Member Country which is a subsidiary of an institution described in clauses (a) or (b) of this definition and is subject to consolidated supervision with its parent.
“EEA Member Country” means any of the member states of the European Union, Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway.
“EEA Resolution Authority” means any public administrative authority or any person entrusted with public administrative authority of any EEA Member Country (including any delegee) having responsibility for the resolution of any EEA Financial Institution.
“Eligible Account” means, subject to the criteria below, an account receivable of a Borrower, which was generated in the Ordinary Course of Business and originally in the name of a Borrower and not acquired via assignment or otherwise, and which Agent, in its Permitted Discretion, deems to be an Eligible Account. The net amount of an Eligible Account at any time shall be (a) the face amount of such Eligible Account as originally billed minus all cash collections and other proceeds of such Account received from or on behalf of the Account Debtor thereunder as of such date and any and all returns, rebates, discounts (which may, at Agent’s option, be calculated on shortest terms), credits, allowances or excise taxes of any nature at any time issued, owing, claimed by Account Debtors, granted, outstanding or payable in connection with such Accounts at such time, and (b) adjusted by applying percentages (known as “liquidity factors”) by payor and/or payor class based upon the applicable Borrower’s actual recent collection history for each such payor and/or payor class in a manner consistent with Agent’s underwriting practices and procedures. Such liquidity factors may be adjusted by Agent from time to time as warranted by Agent’s underwriting practices and procedures and using Agent’s Permitted Discretion. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, no Account shall be an Eligible Account if:
(a)the Account remains unpaid more than ninety (90) days past the due date (but in no event more than one hundred eighty (180) days after the applicable goods or services have been rendered or delivered);
(b)the Account is subject to any defense, set-off, recoupment, counterclaim, deduction, discount, credit, chargeback, freight claim, allowance, or adjustment of any kind (but only to the extent of such defense, set-off, recoupment, counterclaim, deduction, discount, credit, chargeback, freight claim, allowance, or adjustment), or the applicable Borrower is not able to bring suit or otherwise enforce its remedies against the Account Debtor through judicial process;
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(c)if the Account arises from the sale of goods, any part of any goods the sale of which has given rise to the Account has been returned, rejected, lost, or damaged (but only to the extent that such goods have been so returned, rejected, lost or damaged);
(d)if the Account arises from the sale of goods, the sale was not an absolute, bona fide sale, or the sale was made on consignment or on approval or on a sale-or-return or bill-and-hold or progress billing basis, or the sale was made subject to any other repurchase or return agreement, or the goods have not been shipped to the Account Debtor or its designee or the sale was not made in compliance with applicable Laws;
(e)if the Account arises from the performance of services, the services have not actually been performed or the services were undertaken in violation of any Law or the Account represents a progress billing for which services have not been fully and completely rendered;
(f)the Account is subject to a Lien (other than Liens in favor of Agent or Permitted Liens that do not have priority over Agent’s Lien), or Agent does not have a first priority, perfected Lien on such Account;
(g)the Account is evidenced by Chattel Paper or an Instrument of any kind, or has been reduced to judgment, unless such Chattel Paper or Instrument has been delivered to Agent;
(h)the Account Debtor is an Affiliate or Subsidiary of a Credit Party, or if the Account Debtor holds any Debt of a Credit Party;
(i)more than fifty percent (50%) of the aggregate balance of all Accounts owing from the Account Debtor obligated on the Account are ineligible under subclause (a) above (in which case all Accounts from such Account Debtor shall be ineligible);
(j)without limiting the provisions of clause (i) above, fifty percent (50%) or more of the aggregate unpaid Accounts from the Account Debtor obligated on the Account are not deemed Eligible Accounts under this Agreement for any reason;
(k)the total unpaid Accounts of the Account Debtor obligated on the Account exceed twenty percent (20%) of the net amount of all Eligible Accounts owing from all Account Debtors (but only the amount of the Accounts of such Account Debtor exceeding such twenty percent (20%) limitation shall be considered ineligible);
(l)any covenant, representation or warranty contained in the Financing Documents with respect to such Account has been breached in any material respect (with respect to covenants) or is incorrect in any material respect (with respect to representations and warranties);
(m)the Account is unbilled or has not been invoiced to the Account Debtor in accordance with the procedures and requirements of the applicable Account Debtor;
(n)the Account is an obligation of an Account Debtor that is the federal, state or local government or any political subdivision thereof (excluding VA hospitals), unless Agent has agreed to the contrary in writing and Agent has received from the Account Debtor the acknowledgement of Agent’s notice of assignment of such obligation pursuant to this Agreement and Borrowers have otherwise complied with applicable statutes or ordinances necessary for Agent or Lenders to enforce their rights and collect amounts due in respect of such Account;
(o)the Account is an obligation of an Account Debtor that has suspended business, made a general assignment for the benefit of creditors, is unable to pay its debts as they become due or as to which a petition has been filed (voluntary or involuntary) under any law relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or relief of debtors, or the Account is an Account as to which any facts, events or occurrences exist which could reasonably be expected to impair the validity, enforceability or collectability of such Account or reduce the amount payable or delay payment thereunder;
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(p)the Account Debtor has its principal place of business or executive office outside the United States or Canada;
(q)the Account is payable in a currency other than United States dollars;
(r)the Account Debtor is an individual;
(s)except to the extent Account Debtors are already paying into a Lockbox Account, the Borrower owning such Account has not directed, whether through invoicing or otherwise, the Account Debtors to make payment to a Lockbox Account;
(t)the Account includes late charges or finance charges (but only such portion of the Account shall be ineligible);
(u)the Account arises out of the sale of any Inventory upon which any other Person holds, claims or asserts a Lien (other than Liens in favor of Agent or Permitted Liens that do not have priority over Agent’s Lien); or
(v)the Account or Account Debtor fails to meet such other specifications and requirements which may from time to time be established by Agent in its Permitted Discretion.
“Eligible Assignee” means (a) a Lender, (b) an Affiliate of a Lender, (c) an Approved Fund, and (d) any other Person (other than a natural person) approved by Agent and absent a continuing Event of Default, Borrower Representative, which Borrower Representative’s consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned and the consent of Borrower Representative shall be deemed to have been given unless an objection is delivered to Agent within five (5) Business Days after notice of a proposed assignment is delivered to Borrower Representative. Notwithstanding the foregoing, (x) so long as no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, “Eligible Assignee” shall not include any Credit Party or any of a Credit Party’s Subsidiaries, and (y) no proposed assignee intending to assume all or any portion of the Revolving Loan Commitment or any unfunded portion of the Term Loan Commitments shall be an Eligible Assignee unless such proposed assignee either already holds a portion of such Revolving Loan Commitment or Term Loan Commitments, or has been approved as an Eligible Assignee by Agent.
“Eligible Inventory” means Inventory owned by a Borrower and acquired and dispensed by such Borrower in the Ordinary Course of Business that Agent, in its Permitted Discretion, deems to be Eligible Inventory. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, no Inventory shall be Eligible Inventory if:
(a)such Inventory is not owned by a Borrower free and clear of all Liens and rights of any other Person (including the rights of a purchaser that has made progress payments and the rights of a surety that has issued a bond to assure such Borrower’s performance with respect to that Inventory) except for Liens in favor of Agent or Permitted Liens that do not have priority over Agent’s Lien;
(b)such Inventory is placed on consignment or is in transit;
(c)such Inventory is covered by a negotiable document of title, unless such document has been delivered to Agent with all necessary endorsements, free and clear of all Liens except for Liens in favor of Agent or Permitted Liens that do not have priority over Agent’s Lien;
(d)such Inventory is excess, obsolete, unsalable, shopworn, seconds, damaged, unfit for sale, unfit for further processing, is of substandard quality or is not of good and merchantable quality;
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(e)such Inventory consists of marketing materials, display items or packing or shipping materials, manufacturing supplies or Work-In-Process;
(f)such Inventory is not subject to a first priority Lien in favor of Agent;
(g)such Inventory consists of goods that can be transported or sold only with licenses that are not readily available, obtained or assigned to Agent or of Hazardous Materials in concentrations or amounts that violate applicable Environmental Law;
(h)such Inventory is not covered by casualty insurance acceptable to Agent;
(i)any covenant, representation or warranty contained in the Financing Documents with respect to such Inventory has been breached in any material respect;
(j)such Inventory is located (i) outside of the continental United States or (ii) on premises where the aggregate amount of all Inventory (valued at cost) of Borrowers located thereon is less than $10,000;
(k)such Inventory is located on premises with respect to which Agent has not received a landlord, warehouseman, bailee or mortgagee letter reasonably acceptable in form and substance to Agent unless Agent has instituted a reserve in an amount equal to three (3) months’ rent or third party charges, as applicable, in respect of such location;
(l)such Inventory consists of (A) discontinued items, (B) slow-moving or excess finished goods held in inventory, or (C) used items held for resale;
(m)such Inventory does not consist of finished goods or raw materials;
(n)such Inventory does not meet all standards imposed by any Governmental Authority, including with respect to its production, acquisition or importation (as the case may be);
(o)such Inventory is held for rental or lease by or on behalf of Borrowers;
(p)such Inventory is subject to any licensing, patent, royalty, trademark, trade name or copyright agreement with any third parties, which agreement restricts the ability of Agent or any Lender to sell or otherwise dispose of such Inventory; or
(q)such Inventory fails to meet such other specifications and requirements which may from time to time be established by Agent in its Permitted Discretion. Agent and Borrowers agree that Inventory shall be subject to periodic appraisal by Agent and that valuation of Inventory shall be subject to adjustment pursuant to the results of such appraisal. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the valuation of Inventory shall be subject to any legal limitations on sale and transfer of such Inventory.
“Environmental Laws” means any present and future federal, state and local laws, statutes, ordinances, rules, regulations, standards, policies and other governmental directives or requirements, as well as common law, pertaining to the environment, natural resources, pollution, health (including any environmental clean-up statutes and all regulations adopted by any local, state, federal or other Governmental Authority, and any statute, ordinance, code, order, decree, law rule or regulation all of which pertain to or impose liability or standards of conduct concerning medical waste or medical products, equipment or supplies), safety or clean-up that apply to any Credit Party and relate to Hazardous Materials, including, without limitation, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (42 U.S.C. § 9601 et seq.), the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (42 U.S.C. § 6901 et seq.), the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. § 1251 et seq.), the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act (49 U.S.C. § 5101 et seq.), the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. § 7401 et seq.), the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. § 136 et seq.), the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C.
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§ 11001 et seq.), the Occupational Safety and Health Act (29 U.S.C. § 651 et seq.), the Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act (42 U.S.C. § 4851 et seq.), any analogous state or local laws, any amendments thereto, and the regulations promulgated pursuant to said laws, together with all amendments from time to time to any of the foregoing and judicial interpretations thereof.
“Equipment” means “equipment” as defined in Article 9 of the UCC.
“Equity Interests” means, with respect to any Person, all shares of capital stock, partnership interests, membership interests in a limited liability company or other ownership in participation or equivalent interests (however designated, whether voting or non-voting) of such Person’s equity capital (including any warrants, options or other purchase rights with respect to the foregoing), whether now outstanding or issued after the Closing Date.
“ERISA” means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as the same may be amended, modified or supplemented from time to time, and any successor statute thereto, and any and all rules or regulations promulgated from time to time thereunder.
“ERISA Plan” means any “employee benefit plan”, as such term is defined in Section 3(3) of ERISA (other than a Multiemployer Plan), which any Credit Party or any Subsidiary maintains, sponsors or contributes to, or, in the case of an employee benefit plan which is subject to Section 412 of the Code or Title IV of ERISA, to which any Credit Party or any Subsidiary has any liability, including on account of any member of the Controlled Group, including any liability by reason of having been a substantial employer within the meaning of Section 4063 of ERISA at any time during the preceding five (5) years, or by reason of being deemed to be a contributing sponsor under Section 4069 of ERISA.
“Erroneous Payment” has the meaning specified therefor in Section 13.20.
“Erroneous Payment Deficiency Assignment” has the meaning specified therefor in Section 13.20.
“Erroneous Payment Impacted Loans” has the meaning specified therefor in Section 13.20.
“Erroneous Payment Return Deficiency” has the meaning specified therefor in Section 13.20.
“EU Bail-In Legislation Schedule” means the EU Bail-In Legislation Schedule published by the Loan Market Association (or any successor person), as in effect from time to time.
“Event of Default” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.1.
(a) “Excluded Accounts” means (a) segregated Deposit Accounts into which there is deposited no funds other than those intended solely to cover wages and payroll for employees of a Credit Party for a period of service no longer than two weeks at any time (and related contributions to be made on behalf of such employees to health and benefit plans) plus balances for outstanding checks for wages and payroll from prior periods, (b) segregated Deposit Accounts constituting employee withholding accounts and contain only funds deducted from pay otherwise due to employees for services rendered to be applied toward the Tax obligations of such employees, (c) segregated Deposit Accounts constituting trust, fiduciary and escrow accounts in which there is not maintained at any point in time funds on deposit greater than $1,000,000 in the aggregate for all such accounts, (d) Borrower’s operating deposit account (last four digits 2871) at JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.; provided that (i) at no time shall the funds held in such account be greater than $1,000,000 in the aggregate and (ii) Borrower shall cause all funds in such account to be transferred on a weekly (or more frequent basis) to a Deposit Account of Borrower that is subject to a Deposit Account Control Agreement, and (e) segregated Deposit Accounts or Securities Accounts holding cash or Cash Equivalents described in clauses (o), (p) and (q) of the definition Permitted Liens (and subject to the cap set forth therein); provided that the accounts described in clauses (a) through (e) above shall be used solely for the purposes described in such clauses.
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(b)    “Excluded Perfection Assets” means, collectively:
(a)Excluded Accounts;

(b)letter of credit rights with a value of less than $1,000,000 in the aggregate (other than to the extent consisting of a supporting obligation or that can be perfected by the filing of a UCC financing statement);

(c)commercial tort claims where the amount of damages claimed by the applicable Credit Party is less than $1,000,000 in the aggregate for all such commercial tort claims;

(d)Electronic Chattel Paper or tangible Chattel Paper, in each case, with a value of less than $1,000,000 in the aggregate (other than to the extent consisting of a supporting obligation or that can be perfected by the filing of a UCC financing statement);

(e)any fee-owned real property (other than Material Real Property), and all real property leasehold interests;

(f)motor vehicles, aircraft and other assets subject to certificates of title with an aggregate net book value (as reasonably determined by the Borrowers) of less than $500,000 (other than to the extent a security interest thereon can be perfected by the filing of a financing statement under the UCC); and

(g)any assets of a U.S. Credit Party located outside of the United States to the extent that the granting or perfection of a security interest therein would require Agent or U.S. Credit Parties to action outside of the United States, so long as the U.S. Credit Parties do not maintain (i) any Material Intangible Assets or (ii) Collateral outside the United States with a fair market value in excess of $1,000,000 in the aggregate for all such Collateral in this clause (ii).
(c)“Excluded Property” means, collectively:
(a)any lease, license, contract, permit, letter of credit, purchase money arrangement, instrument or agreement to which any Credit Party is a party or any of its rights or interests thereunder if and to the extent that the grant of such security interest shall constitute a result in (i) the abandonment, invalidation or unenforceability of any right, title or interest of any Credit Party therein, (ii) result in a breach or termination pursuant to the terms of, or default under, any such lease, license, contract, permit, letter of credit, purchase money arrangement, instrument or agreement or (iii) a violation of applicable Law;
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(b)any governmental licenses or state or local franchises, charters and authorizations, to the extent that Agent may not validly possess a security interest in any such license, franchise, charter or authorization under applicable Law;
(c)any asset which is subject to a purchase money Lien or Capital Lease permitted hereunder to the extent the granting of a security interest in such asset is prohibited pursuant to the terms of the contract governing such purchase money Lien or Capital Lease;
(d)more than 65% of the voting Equity Interests of any Restricted Foreign Subsidiary directly owned by a Credit Party to the extent that a pledge of such Equity Interests would reasonably be expected result in material adverse Tax consequences to the Credit Parties and their Subsidiaries taken as a whole;
(e)any “intent-to-use” trademarks or service mark applications for which an amendment to allege use or statement of use has not been filed under 15 U.S.C. § 1051 Section 1(c) or Section 1(d), respectively or if filed, has not been deemed in conformance with 15 U.S.C. § 1051(a) or examined and accepted, respectively by the United States Patent and Trademark Office;
(f)property as to which the Agent and Borrower Representative reasonably agree in writing that the costs, burden or consequence (including adverse tax consequences) of obtaining a security interest or perfection thereof are excessive in relation to the practical benefit to the Agent and Lenders of the security to be afforded thereby; and
(g)any Excluded Account to the extent the grant of a security interest therein would conflict with any agreement (including an agreement governing a Permitted Lien) otherwise permitted under this Agreement.
(h)provided that (x) any such limitation described in the foregoing clauses (a) and (b) on the security interests granted hereunder shall apply only to the extent that any such prohibition could not be rendered ineffective pursuant to the UCC or any other applicable Law (including Sections 9-406, 9-407 and 9-408 of the UCC) or principles of equity, (y) in the event of the termination or elimination of any such prohibition or the requirement for any consent contained in such contract, agreement, permit, lease or license or in any applicable Law, to the extent sufficient to permit any such item to become Collateral hereunder, or upon the granting of any such consent, or waiving or terminating any requirement for such consent, a security interest in such contract, agreement, permit, lease, license, franchise, authorization or asset shall be automatically and simultaneously granted hereunder and shall be included as Collateral hereunder, and (z) all rights to payment of money due or to become due pursuant to, and all products and Proceeds (and rights to the Proceeds) from the sale of, any Excluded Property shall be and at all times remain subject to the security interests created by this Agreement (unless such Proceeds would independently constitute Excluded Property).
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“Excluded Taxes” means any of the following Taxes imposed on or with respect to Agent, Term Loan Servicer, any Lender or any other recipient of any payment to be made by or on behalf of any obligation of the Credit Parties hereunder or the Obligations or required to be withheld or deducted from a payment to Agent, Term Loan Servicer, such Lender or such recipient (including any interest and penalties thereon): (a) Taxes to the extent imposed on or measured by Agent’s, Term Loan Servicer’s any Lender’s or such recipient’s net income (however denominated), branch profits Taxes, and franchise Taxes and similar Taxes, in each case, (i) imposed by the jurisdiction (or any political subdivision thereof) under which Agent, Term Loan Servicer, such Lender or such recipient is organized, has its principal office or conducts business with respect to entering into any of the Financing Documents or taking any action thereunder or (ii) that are Other Connection Taxes; (b) in the case of a Lender, United States withholding Taxes imposed on amounts payable to or for the account of such Lender with respect to an applicable interest in the Loans pursuant to a Law in effect on the date on which (i) such Lender becomes a party to this Agreement (other than as a result of an assignment requested by a Credit Party under Section 11.17(c)) or (ii) such Lender changes its lending office for funding its Loan, except in each case to the extent that, pursuant to Section 2.8, amounts with respect to such Taxes were payable either to such Lender’s assignor immediately before such Lender acquired the applicable interest in a Loan, Revolving Loan Commitments or Term Loan Commitment or to such Lender immediately before it changed its lending office; (c) Taxes attributable to Agent’s, Term Loan Servicer’s, such Lender’s or such recipient’s failure to comply with Section 2.8(c); and (d) any withholding Taxes imposed under FATCA.
“FATCA” means Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code as of the date of this Agreement (or any amended or successor version that is substantively comparable and not materially more onerous to comply with), any current or future U.S. Treasury regulations or official interpretations thereof and any agreement entered into pursuant to the implementation of Section 1471(b)(1) of the Code, and any intergovernmental agreement among Governmental Authorities implementing such sections of the Code.
“FDA” means the Food and Drug Administration of the United States of America and any successor agency of the foregoing.
“FDCA” means the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, as amended, 21 U.S.C. Section 301 et seq., and all regulations promulgated thereunder.
“Federal Funds Rate” means, for any day, the rate of interest per annum (rounded upwards, if necessary, to the nearest whole multiple of 1/100 of 1%) equal to the weighted average of the rates on overnight Federal funds transactions with members of the Federal Reserve System as published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on the Business Day next succeeding such day, provided, however, that (a) if such day is not a Business Day, the Federal Funds Rate for such day shall be such rate on such transactions on the next preceding Business Day, and (b) if no such rate is so published on such next preceding Business Day, the Federal Funds Rate for such day shall be the average rate quoted to Agent on such day on such transactions as determined by Agent in a commercially reasonable manner.
“Fee Letter” means each agreement between Agent (and to the extent applicable Term Loan Servicer) and Borrower relating to fees payable to Agent and/or Lenders in connection with this Agreement.
“Financial Covenant Trigger Event” means, at any time, Liquidity is less than an amount equal to the Applicable Liquidity Threshold as of the end of the Business Day for three (3) consecutive Business Days in any calendar quarter.
“Financing Documents” means this Agreement, any Notes, the Security Documents, each Fee Letter, each subordination or intercreditor agreement pursuant to which any Debt and/or any Liens securing such Debt are subordinated to all or any portion of the Obligations and all other documents, instruments and agreements related to the Obligations and heretofore executed, executed concurrently herewith or executed at any time and from time to time hereafter, as any or all of the same may be amended, supplemented, restated or otherwise modified from time to time.
“Floor” means the rate per annum of interest equal to two percent (2.0%).
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“Foreign Lender” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.8(c)(i).
“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles set forth from time to time in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (or agencies with similar functions of comparable stature and authority within the United States accounting profession), which are applicable to the circumstances as of the date of determination.
“General Intangible” means any “general intangible” as defined in Article 9 of the UCC.
“Good Manufacturing Practices” means current good manufacturing practices, as set forth in 21 C.F.R. Parts 210 and 211.
“Governmental Authority” means any nation or government, any state, local or other political subdivision thereof, and any agency, department or Person exercising executive, legislative, judicial, regulatory or administrative functions of or pertaining to government and any corporation or other Person owned or controlled (through stock or capital ownership or otherwise) by any of the foregoing, whether domestic or foreign.
“Guarantee” by any Person means any obligation, contingent or otherwise, of such Person directly or indirectly guaranteeing any Debt or other obligation of any other Person and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, any obligation, direct or indirect, contingent or otherwise, of such Person (a) to purchase or pay (or advance or supply funds for the purchase or payment of) such Debt or other obligation (whether arising by virtue of partnership arrangements, by agreement to keep-well, to purchase assets, goods, securities or services, to take-or-pay, or to maintain financial statement conditions or otherwise), or (b) entered into for the purpose of assuring in any other manner the obligee of such Debt or other obligation of the payment thereof or to protect such obligee against loss in respect thereof (in whole or in part), provided, however, that the term Guarantee shall not include endorsements for collection or deposit in the Ordinary Course of Business. The term “Guarantee” used as a verb has a corresponding meaning.
“Guarantor” means each Credit Party (other than a Borrower) that has executed or delivered, or shall in the future execute or deliver, this Agreement as a Guarantor or any other Guarantee of any portion of the Obligations.
“Hazardous Materials” means petroleum and petroleum products and compounds containing them, including gasoline, diesel fuel and oil; explosives, flammable materials; radioactive materials; polychlorinated biphenyls and compounds containing them; lead and lead-based paint; asbestos or asbestos-containing materials; underground or above-ground storage tanks, whether empty or containing any substance; any substance the presence of which is prohibited by any Environmental Laws; toxic mold, any substance that requires special handling; and any other material or substance now or in the future defined as a “hazardous substance,” “hazardous material,” “hazardous waste,” “toxic substance,” “toxic pollutant,” “contaminant,” “pollutant” or other words of similar import within the meaning of any Environmental Law, including: (a) any “hazardous substance” defined as such in (or for purposes of) CERCLA, or any so-called “superfund” or “superlien” Law, including the judicial interpretation thereof; (b) any “pollutant or contaminant” as defined in 42 U.S.C.A. § 9601(33); (c) any material now defined as “hazardous waste” pursuant to 40 C.F.R. Part 260; (d) any petroleum or petroleum by-products, including crude oil or any fraction thereof; (e) natural gas, natural gas liquids, liquefied natural gas, or synthetic gas usable for fuel; (f) any “hazardous chemical” as defined pursuant to 29 C.F.R.
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Part 1910; (g) any toxic or harmful substances, wastes, materials, pollutants or contaminants (including, without limitation, asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyls, flammable explosives, radioactive materials, infectious substances, materials containing lead-based paint or raw materials which include hazardous constituents); and (h) any other toxic substance or contaminant that is subject to any Environmental Laws or other past or present requirement of any Governmental Authority.
“Hazardous Materials Contamination” means contamination (whether now existing or hereafter occurring) of the improvements, buildings, facilities, personalty, soil, groundwater, air or other elements on or of the relevant property by Hazardous Materials, or any derivatives thereof, or on or of any other property as a result of Hazardous Materials, or any derivatives thereof, generated on, emanating from or disposed of in connection with the relevant property.
“Healthcare Laws” means all applicable Laws relating to the procurement, development, provision, clinical and non-clinical evaluation or investigation, product approval or clearance, manufacture, production, analysis, distribution, dispensing, importation, exportation, use, handling, quality, reimbursement, sale, labeling, advertising, promotion, or postmarket requirements of any medical device or other product (including, without limitation, any ingredient or component of, or accessory to, the foregoing products) subject to regulation under the FDCA or otherwise by the FDA, and similar state or foreign laws, controlled substance laws, consumer product safety laws, Medicare, Medicaid, TRICARE, and all laws, policies, procedures, requirements and regulations pursuant to which Regulatory Required Permits are issued, in each case, as the same may be amended from time to time.
“Indemnified Taxes” means (a) Taxes, other than Excluded Taxes, imposed on or with respect to any payment made by or on account of any obligation of Borrowers or any other Credit Party under any Financing Documents and (b) to the extent not otherwise described in (a), Other Taxes.
“Instrument” means “instrument”, as defined in Article 9 of the UCC.
“Intellectual Property” means all copyright rights, copyright applications, copyright registrations and like protections in each work of authorship and derivative work, whether published or unpublished, any patents, patent applications and like protections, including divisions, continuations, renewals, reissues, and continuations-in-part of the same, and any term extensions (including patent term extensions, supplemental protection certificates, and the like), trademarks, trade names, service marks, mask works, rights of use of any name, domain names, or any other similar rights, any applications therefor, whether registered or not, know-how, operating manuals, trade secret rights, clinical and non-clinical data, rights to unpatented inventions, and any claims for damage by way of any past, present, or future infringement of any of the foregoing.
“Interest Period” means any period commencing on the first day of a calendar month and ending on the last day of such calendar month.
“Inventory” means “inventory” as defined in Article 9 of the UCC.
“Investment” means, with respect to any Person, directly or indirectly, (a) to purchase or acquire any stock or stock equivalents, or any obligations or other securities of, or any interest in, any Person, including the establishment or creation of a Subsidiary, (b) to make, or consummate any Acquisition, or (c) make, purchase or hold any advance, loan, extension of credit or capital contribution to or in, or any other investment in (including the making of investments in the form of intercompany transfer pricing and cost-plus pricing arrangements), any Person. The amount of any Investment shall be the original cost of such Investment plus the cost of all additions thereto, without any adjustments for increases or decreases in value, or write-ups, write-downs or write-offs with respect thereto.
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“IRS” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.8(c)(i).
“Joinder Requirements” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.11(c).
“L/C Cash Collateral Accounts” means, collectively, each segregated Deposit Account from time to time identified to Agent in writing established by Borrower for the sole purpose of securing Borrower’s obligations under clause (h) of the definition Permitted Contingent Obligations and containing only such cash or Cash Equivalents that have been required to be pledged to secure such obligations of Borrower; provided, that the aggregate amount of cash or Cash Equivalents deposited in all such L/C Cash Collateral Accounts does not, at any time, exceed $1,000,000 in the aggregate.
“Laws” means any and all federal, state, provincial, territorial, local and foreign statutes, laws, judicial decisions, regulations, ordinances, rules, judgments, orders, decrees, codes, injunctions, permits, governmental agreements and governmental restrictions, whether now or hereafter in effect, which are applicable to any Credit Party in any particular circumstance. “Laws” includes, without limitation, Healthcare Laws, Environmental Laws and applicable U.S. and non-U.S. export control laws and regulations, including without limitation the Export Administration Regulations.
“Lender” means each of (a) MCF, in its capacity as a lender hereunder, (b) each other Person party hereto in its capacity as a lender hereunder, (c) each other Person that becomes a party hereto as Lender pursuant to Section 11.17, and (d) the respective successors of all of the foregoing, and “Lenders” means all of the foregoing.
“Lien” means, with respect to any asset, any mortgage, lien, pledge, charge, security interest or encumbrance of any kind, in respect of such asset. For the purposes of this Agreement and the other Financing Documents, any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof shall be deemed to own subject to a Lien any asset which it has acquired or holds subject to the interest of a vendor or lessor under any conditional sale agreement, Capital Lease or other title retention agreement relating to such asset.
“Liquidity” means, as of any date of determination, the sum of (a) Credit Party Unrestricted Cash as of such date of determination, plus (b) at all times following the initial borrowing of the Revolving Loans, Revolving Loan Availability as of such date of determination, less (c) all amounts due and owing to any Credit Party’s trade creditors which are outstanding ninety (90) days or more past their due date as of such date of determination, except to the extent such amounts are subject to a Permitted Contest.
“Litigation” means any action, suit or proceeding before any court, mediator, arbitrator or Governmental Authority.
“Loan Account” means the Term Loan Account or the Revolving Loan Account, as applicable.
“Loan(s)” means the Term Loan, the Revolving Loans and each and every advance under the Term Loan, or any combination of the foregoing, as the context may require. All references herein to the “making” of a Loan or words of similar import mean, with respect to the Term Loan, the making of any advance in respect of a Term Loan.
“Lockbox” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.11(a).
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“Lockbox Account” means a segregated account or segregated accounts maintained at a Lockbox Bank into which collections of Accounts are paid.
“Lockbox Bank” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.11(a).
“Margin Stock” means “margin stock” as such term is defined in Regulation T, U, or X of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
“Market Withdrawal” means a Person’s Removal or Correction of a distributed product which involves a minor violation that would not be subject to legal action by the FDA or which involves no violation, e.g., normal stock rotation practices, routine equipment adjustments and repairs, etc.
“Material Adverse Effect” means with respect to any event, act, condition or occurrence of whatever nature (including any adverse determination in any litigation, arbitration, or governmental investigation or proceeding), whether singly or in conjunction with any other event or events, act or acts, condition or conditions, occurrence or occurrences, whether or not related, a material adverse change in, or a material adverse effect upon, any of (a) the financial condition, operations, business, or properties of the Credit Parties taken as a whole, (b) the rights and remedies of Agent, Term Loan Servicer, or Lenders under any Financing Document, or the ability of any Credit Party to perform any of its obligations under any Financing Document to which it is a party, (c) the legality, validity or enforceability of any Financing Document, (d) the existence, perfection or priority of any security interest granted to the Agent or the Lenders in any Financing Document, except solely as a result of any action or inaction of Agent or any Lender (provided that such action or inaction is not caused by a Credit Party’s failure to comply with the terms of the Financing Documents), or (e) a material impairment of the prospect of repayment of any material portion of the Obligations.
“Material Contracts” means (a) the agreements listed on Schedule 3.17, as supplemented from time to in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, (b) each intellectual property license agreement (whether inbound or outbound) to the extent constituting a Material Intangible Asset, and (c) any other agreement or contract to which such Credit Party or its Subsidiaries is a party the termination of which would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
“Material Intangible Assets” means all (a) Intellectual Property owned by the Credit Parties or their Subsidiaries and (b) license or sublicense agreements or other agreements with respect to rights in Intellectual Property not owned by a Credit Party or a Subsidiary thereof, in each case of clauses (a) and (b), that are material to the condition (financial or otherwise), business or operations of the Credit Parties and their Subsidiaries (taken as a whole).
“Material Real Property” means any real property that is owned in fee by any Credit Party together with any improvements thereon, with a fair market value (as reasonably determined by Agent) in excess of $1,000,000 individually or in the aggregate.
“Maturity Date” means June 4, 2030.
“Maximum Lawful Rate” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.7.
“MCF” means MidCap Funding IV Trust, a Delaware statutory trust, and its successors and assigns.
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“Minimum Balance” means, at any time, an amount that equals the product of: (a) the average Borrowing Base (or, if less on any given day, the Revolving Loan Commitment) during the immediately preceding month multiplied by (b) the Minimum Balance Percentage for such month.
“Minimum Balance Fee” means a fee equal to (a) the positive difference, if any, remaining after subtracting (i) the average end-of-day principal balance of Revolving Loans outstanding during the immediately preceding month from (ii) the Minimum Balance multiplied by (b) the highest interest rate applicable to the Revolving Loans during such month (or, during the existence of an Event of Default, the default rate of interest set forth in Section 10.5).
“Minimum Balance Percentage” means ten percent (10.0%).
“Monthly Cash Burn Amount” means, with respect to Borrowers and their Consolidated Subsidiaries, an amount equal to (a) the Borrowers’ and their Consolidated Subsidiaries’ change in cash and Cash Equivalents, without giving effect to any increase resulting from the proceeds of financings, the sale or issuance of Equity Interests or any other extraordinary receipts, for either (i) the immediately preceding six (6) month period as determined as of the last day of the month immediately preceding the proposed consummation of the applicable Permitted Acquisition and based upon the financial statements delivered to Agent in accordance with this Agreement for such period, or (ii) the immediately succeeding six (6) month period based upon the Transaction Projections delivered with respect to such proposed Permitted Acquisition, using whichever calculation as between clause (i) and clause (ii) demonstrates a higher burn rate (or, in other words, more cash used), in both cases, divided by (b) six (6).
“Multiemployer Plan” means a multiemployer plan within the meaning of Section 4001(a)(3) of ERISA to which any Credit Party or any other member of the Controlled Group (or any Person who in the last five years was a member of the Controlled Group) is making or accruing an obligation to make contributions or has within the preceding five plan years (as determined on the applicable date of determination) made contributions.
“Net RNS Systems Revenue” means, for any period, the net revenue (as determined in accordance with GAAP) of Borrower or any other Credit Party that is wholly owned (directly or indirectly) by Borrower and which net revenue, in each case, is generated through the commercial sale of RNS Systems by Borrower or such Credit Parties to third parties in the Ordinary Course of Business during such period.
“Non-Funding Lender” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.18.
“Notes” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.3.
“Notice of Borrowing” means a notice of a Responsible Officer of Borrower Representative, appropriately completed and substantially in the form of Exhibit D hereto.
“Obligations” means all obligations, liabilities and indebtedness (monetary (including, without limitation, the payment of interest and other amounts arising after the commencement of any case with respect to any Credit Party under the Bankruptcy Code or any similar statute which would accrue and become due but for the commencement of such case, whether or not such amounts are allowed or allowable in whole or in part in such case) or otherwise) of each Credit Party under this Agreement or any other Financing Document, in each case howsoever created, arising or evidenced, whether direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, now or hereafter existing, or due or to become due.
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“OFAC” means the U.S. Department of Treasury Office of Foreign Assets Control.
“OFAC Lists” means, collectively, the Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List maintained by OFAC pursuant to Executive Order No. 13224, 66 Fed. Reg. 49079 (Sept. 25, 2001) and/or any other list of terrorists or other restricted Persons maintained pursuant to any of the rules and regulations of OFAC or pursuant to any other applicable Executive Orders.
“Orderly Liquidation Value” means the net amount (after all costs of sale), expressed in terms of money, which Agent, in its Permitted Discretion, estimates can be realized from a sale, as of a specific date, given a reasonable period to find a purchaser(s), with the seller being compelled to sell on an as-is/where-is basis, as reflected in the most recent appraisal delivered hereunder.
“Ordinary Course of Business” means, in respect of any transaction involving any Credit Party or any Subsidiary, the ordinary course of business of such Credit Party or Subsidiary, as conducted by such Credit Party or Subsidiary in accordance with past practices or as conducted by such Credit Party in general accordance with ordinary industry standards of the industry in which such Credit Party or Subsidiary has its business and, in all cases, undertaken by such Person in good faith and not for purposes of evading any covenant or restriction in any Financing Document.
“Organizational Documents” means, with respect to any Person other than a natural person, the documents by which such Person was organized (such as a certificate of incorporation, articles of incorporation, certificate of limited partnership or articles of organization, and including, without limitation, any certificates of designation for preferred stock or other forms of preferred equity) and which relate to the internal governance of such Person (such as by-laws, a partnership agreement or an operating agreement, joint venture agreement, limited liability company agreement or members agreement), including any and all shareholder agreements or voting agreements relating to the capital stock or other Equity Interests of such Person.
“Other Connection Taxes” means Taxes imposed as a result of a present or former connection between Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender and the jurisdiction imposing such Tax (other than connections arising solely from Agent, Term Loan Servicer or such Lender having executed, delivered, become a party to, performed its obligations under, received payments under, received or perfected a security interest under, engaged in any other transaction pursuant to or enforced any Financing Document, or sold or assigned an interest in any Loans or any Financing Document).
“Other Taxes” means all present or future stamp, court or documentary, intangible, recording, filing or similar Taxes that arise from any payment made under, from the execution, delivery, performance, enforcement or registration of, from the receipt or perfection of a security interest under, or otherwise with respect to, any Financing Document, except any such Taxes that are Other Connection Taxes imposed with respect to an assignment (other than an assignment made pursuant to Section 11.17(c)).
“Participant” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.17.
“Participant Register” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.17(a)(iii).
“Payment Account” means, as applicable, the Term Loan Payment Account or the Revolving Loan Payment Account.
“Payment Recipient” has the meaning specified therefor in Section 13.20 of this Agreement.
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“PBGC” means the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation and any Person succeeding to any or all of its functions under ERISA.
“Pension Plan” means any ERISA Plan that is subject to Section 412 of the Code or Title IV of ERISA.
“Perfection Certificate” means the Perfection Certificate delivered to Agent as of the Closing Date, as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.
“Permit” means all licenses, certificates, accreditations, product clearances or approvals, supplier numbers, marketing authorizations, drug or device authorizations and approvals, other authorizations, franchises, qualifications, accreditations, registrations, permits, consents and approvals of a Credit Party issued or required under Laws applicable to the business of the Credit Parties or any of their Subsidiaries or necessary in the manufacturing, importing, exporting, possession, ownership, warehousing, marketing, promoting, sale, labeling, furnishing, distribution or delivery of goods or services under Laws applicable to the business of the Credit Parties or any of their Subsidiaries. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, “Permit” includes any Regulatory Required Permit.
“Permitted Acquisition” means any Acquisition by a Credit Party, in each case, to the extent that each of the following conditions shall have been satisfied or waived in writing by the Agent:
(a)with respect to any Acquisition, or series of related Acquisitions, involving Acquisition Consideration in excess of $5,000,000 in the aggregate, the Credit parties shall have delivered to Agent at least three (3) Business Days prior written notice (or such shorter period as Agent may determine in its sole discretion) before the execution of any documents (other than a non-binding summary of terms, letter of intent or similar agreement) related to such proposed acquisition, including a reasonably detailed description of the terms and conditions of such Acquisition (which may be included in the notice provided);
(b)with respect to any Acquisition, or series of related Acquisitions, involving Acquisition Consideration in excess of $5,000,000 in the aggregate, as soon as available, but at least three (3) Business Days before the consummation of such Acquisition (or such shorter time as Agent may agree), Credit Parties shall have provided to Agent such information and documents that Agent may reasonably request, including the following, (i) to the extent available legal due diligence materials then in existence, (ii) financial information, sources of the funding, related to such Acquisition, and (iii) the agreements, documents and instruments pursuant to which such Acquisition is to be consummated;
(c)(i) Credit Parties shall and shall cause their Subsidiaries (including any new Subsidiary as required by Section 4.11) to execute and deliver the agreements, instruments and other documents required by Section 4.11 to perfect Agent’s Liens in respect of any new Collateral resulting from the acquisition, in each case in the time periods required thereunder (ii) the Credit Parties and any new Subsidiary shall comply with the Joinder Requirements set forth in Section 4.11;
(d)with respect to any Acquisition involving an in-license to a Credit Party, all such in-licenses or agreements related thereto shall constitute “Collateral” in which Agent shall have a first priority perfected Lien in accordance with this Agreement and the other Financing Documents;
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(e)there is no Debt or Liens incurred, created or assumed (other than Permitted Debt and Permitted Liens) in connection with such Acquisition;
(f)such acquisition shall not be hostile and shall have been approved by the board of directors (or other similar body) and/or the stockholders or other equityholders of the Person being acquired, in each case as required by such Person’s organizational documents;
(g)all transactions in connection with such Acquisition shall be consummated in all material respects in accordance with applicable Laws;
(h)no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing or would exist after giving effect to such Acquisition;
(i)the Acquisition would not result in a Change in Control and each Borrower remains a surviving legal entity after such Acquisition;
(j)the target so acquired or the assets of the target so acquired, as the case may be, shall be in or reasonably related or ancillary to the business of Credit Parties;
(k)if the Acquisition is an equity purchase or merger, the target and its Subsidiaries must have as its jurisdiction of formation a state within the United States and if the Acquisition is an asset purchase, not less than 90% of the fair market value of all of the assets so acquired shall be located within (or in the case of Registered Intellectual Property, registered in) the United States;
(l)the Acquisition (i) is not an acquisition of a Permitted Commercialization Arrangement Vehicle (or any interest therein), (ii) is not made in connection with any Permitted Commercialization Arrangement, and (iii) would not otherwise have the effect of creating a joint venture;
(m)the consideration payable by such Credit Party or such Subsidiary consists solely of (x) noncash Equity Interests of NeuroPace (other than Disqualified Equity Interests) so long as no Change in Control results and/or (y) cash or Cash Equivalents not to exceed the aggregate cap set forth in clause (n) below;
(n)the sum of all consideration paid or payable in cash or Cash Equivalents in connection with all Permitted Acquisitions (including all Debt, liabilities and Contingent Obligations (in each case to the extent otherwise permitted hereunder) incurred or assumed and the maximum amount of any earn-out (but expressly excluding any earn-out contingent solely on financial performance to the extent not required to be reported as a liability in accordance with GAAP on the Credit Parties financial statements), milestone or comparable payment obligation in connection therewith, regardless of whether or not reflected on a consolidated balance sheet of Borrower, but excluding any such amounts that would not reasonably be expected to be paid until the date that is 91 days after the Maturity Date) (collectively, “Acquisition Consideration”) shall not exceed $25,000,000 in the aggregate over the term of this Agreement;
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(o)with respect to any Acquisition, or series of related Acquisitions, involving Acquisition Consideration in excess of $5,000,000 in the aggregate prior to the consummation of each such Acquisition, NeuroPace has provided a certificate (and such other evidence as Agent may reasonably require) demonstrating to Agent’s reasonable satisfaction that, following the consummation of such Acquisition and after giving pro forma effect to the payment of all Acquisition Consideration in connection therewith (including all deferred Acquisition Consideration as if such amounts were payable upon the closing of such Acquisition), Credit Parties will have Liquidity in an amount equal to positive value of the product of (I) 12 multiplied by (II) the Monthly Cash Burn Amount;
(p)with respect to any Acquisition, or series of related Acquisitions, involving Acquisition Consideration in excess of $5,000,000 in the aggregate, Agent has received, three (3) Business Days prior to the consummation of such proposed Acquisition, updated financial projections, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Agent, for the immediately succeeding four (4) fiscal quarters following the proposed consummation of the Acquisition beginning with the quarter during which the Acquisition is to be consummated (the “Transaction Projections”); and
(q)Agent has received, prior to or concurrently with the consummation of such proposed Acquisition, a certificate signed by a Responsible Officer certifying that such Acquisition complies with this definition and attaching the definitive documents pursuant to which such Acquisition will be or is being consummated.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, no Accounts or Inventory acquired by a Credit Party in a Permitted Acquisition shall be included as Eligible Accounts or Eligible Inventory until a field examination (and, if required by Agent, an Inventory appraisal) with respect thereto has been completed to the reasonable satisfaction of Agent, including the establishment of reserves required in Agent’s Permitted Discretion; provided that field examinations and appraisals in connection with Permitted Acquisitions shall not count against the limited number of field examinations or appraisals for which expense reimbursement may be sought.
“Permitted Asset Dispositions” means the following Asset Dispositions:
(a)dispositions of Inventory in the Ordinary Course of Business and not pursuant to any bulk sale;
(b)dispositions of furniture, fixtures and equipment in the Ordinary Course of Business that the applicable Credit Party or Subsidiary determines in good faith is no longer used or useful in the business of such Credit Party and its Subsidiaries and with a fair salable value not to exceed One Million Dollars ($1,000,000) in the aggregate for all such furniture, fixtures and equipment in any calendar year;
(c)expiration, forfeiture, invalidation, cancellation, abandonment or lapse (including, without limitation, the narrowing of claims) of Intellectual Property (other than Material Intangible Assets) that is, in the reasonable good faith judgment of a Credit Party, no longer useful in the conduct of the business of the Credit Parties or any of their Subsidiaries;
(d)Permitted Licenses;
(e)dispositions consisting of the use or payment of cash or Cash Equivalents in the Ordinary Course of Business for equivalent value and in a manner that is not prohibited by the terms of this Agreement or the other Financing Documents;
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(f)(i) Asset Dispositions from a Credit Party to any other Credit Party; (ii) Asset Dispositions from any Restricted Foreign Subsidiary to any Credit Party and (iii) Asset Dispositions from any Restricted Foreign Subsidiary to another Restricted Foreign Subsidiary;
(g)sales, forgiveness or discounting, on a non-recourse basis and in the Ordinary Course of Business, of past due Accounts (other than Eligible Accounts included in the Borrowing Base) in connection with the settlement of delinquent Accounts or in connection with the bankruptcy or reorganization of suppliers or customers in accordance with the applicable terms of this Agreement;
(h)to the extent constituting an Asset Disposition, the granting of Permitted Liens, making Permitted Investments (subject to the applicable restrictions in such definition), and consummation of transactions expressly permitted by Section 5.6(a);
(i)(i) any termination of any lease, sublease, license or sub-license (other than any licenses constituting Material Contracts or Material Intangible Assets) in the Ordinary Course of Business (and any related Asset Disposition of improvements made to leased real property resulting therefrom), (ii) any expiration of any option agreement in respect of real or personal property, and (iii) any surrender or waiver of contractual rights or the settlement, release or surrender of contractual rights or litigation claims (including in tort) in the Ordinary Course of Business;
(j)leases or subleases of interests in real property entered into in the Ordinary Course of Business or no longer used or useful in the conduct of the business of the applicable Credit Party and its Subsidiaries;
(k)dispositions of tangible personal property to the extent that (i) such property is exchanged for credit against the purchase price of similar replacement property or (ii) the proceeds (determined on an after-tax basis) of such disposition are applied to the purchase price of such replacement property within 180 days; provided that the aggregate fair market value of the tangible personal property disposed of pursuant to this clause (k) does not exceed $1,000,000 in any fiscal year;

(l)dispositions resulting from casualty events;

(m)placements of specialized equipment for manufacturing components of the Product where Borrower retains title to such equipment and such equipment does not become a fixture or otherwise permanently attached to any real property, provided, that, to the extent such placements of equipment exceed $1,000,000 in aggregate fair market value, equipment with a fair market value exceeding such amount shall be located at venues over which Borrower has delivered to Agent a landlord access agreement and Agent has a perfected priority lien on such equipment (subject only to Permitted Liens);

(n)dispositions required by Section 15 of the DIXI Agreement following expiration or termination of the DIXI Agreement; and
(o)dispositions of tangible personal property or real property constituting an Excluded Perfection Assets (and not, for the avoidance of doubt, any Intellectual Property, Equity Interests, or other General Intangibles) so long as (i) the assets subject to such Asset Dispositions are sold
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for fair value, as determined by the Borrowers in good faith, (ii) at least 75% of the consideration therefor is cash or Cash Equivalents, (iii) such cash and Cash Equivalents are paid to Deposit Accounts and/or Securities Accounts in which Agent has received Deposit Account Control Agreements or Securities Account Control Agreements, as applicable, (iv) the aggregate fair market value of the assets disposed of pursuant to this clause (n) in any twelve (12) month period does not exceed $2,500,000, and (v) no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing or would result from the making of such disposition.
“Permitted Commercialization Arrangement” means, subject to the terms of this Agreement, such commercialization, research and development, co-marketing and other collaborative arrangements, including joint ventures, in each case where (a) such arrangements provide for Permitted Licenses to Intellectual Property rights and assets of Borrower with Persons with a primary line of business in the development, commercialization or manufacture of medical or pharmaceutical products or devices, and (b) all upfront payments, royalties, milestone payments or other proceeds arising from such licensing agreements that are payable to a Credit Party are paid only to Deposit Accounts that are governed by Deposit Account Control Agreements in favor of Agent.
“Permitted Commercialization Arrangement Vehicle” means an entity, which may be a joint venture enterprise, engaged in the business of a Permitted Commercialization Arrangement and in which Borrower or its Subsidiaries have substantial representation in the governing body of such entity.
“Permitted Contest” means, with respect to any Tax obligation or other obligation allegedly or potentially owing from any Credit Party or its Subsidiary to any Governmental Authority or other third party, a contest maintained in good faith by appropriate proceedings promptly instituted and diligently conducted and with respect to which such reserve or other appropriate provision, if any, as shall be required in conformity with GAAP shall have been made on the books and records and financial statements of the applicable Credit Party(ies); provided, however, that (a) compliance with the obligation that is the subject of such contest is effectively stayed during such challenge; and (b) Credit Parties’ and their Subsidiaries’ title to, and its right to use, the Collateral is not adversely affected thereby and Agent’s Lien and priority on the Collateral are not adversely affected, altered or impaired thereby.
“Permitted Contingent Obligations” means
(a)Contingent Obligations arising in respect of the Debt under the Financing Documents;
(b)Contingent Obligations resulting from endorsements for collection or deposit in the Ordinary Course of Business;
(c)Contingent Obligations outstanding on the Closing Date and set forth on Schedule 5.1 (but not including any refinancings, extensions, increases or amendments to such Debt other than a Permitted Refinancing);
(d)Contingent Obligations incurred in the Ordinary Course of Business with respect to surety and appeal bonds, performance bonds and other similar obligations not to exceed One Million Dollars ($1,000,000) in the aggregate at any time outstanding;
(e)Contingent Obligations arising under indemnity agreements with title insurers to cause such title insurers to issue to Agent mortgagee title insurance policies;
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(f)Contingent Obligations arising with respect to customary indemnification obligations in favor of purchasers in connection with dispositions of personal property assets permitted under Section 5.6 or in connection with any other commercial agreement entered into by a Credit Party or a Subsidiary thereof in the Ordinary Course of Business;
(g)Contingent Obligations existing or arising under any Swap Contract, provided, however, that such obligations are (or were) entered into by a Credit Party or a Subsidiary in the Ordinary Course of Business for the purpose of directly mitigating risks associated with liabilities, commitments, investments, assets, or property held or reasonably anticipated by such Person and not for purposes of speculation;
(h)Contingent Obligations existing or arising in connection with any letter of credit for the primary purpose of securing a lease of real property in the Ordinary Course of Business, provided that the aggregate amount of all such letter of credit reimbursement obligations does not at any time exceed One Million Dollars ($1,000,000) outstanding;
(i)Contingent Obligations arising under guarantees by a Credit Party or Subsidiary of Debt or other obligations, which Debt or other obligations are otherwise permitted hereunder; provided, however, that if such obligation is subordinated to the Obligations, such guarantee shall be subordinated to the same extent;

(j)unsecured Contingent Obligations arising with respect to customary indemnification obligations, adjustments of purchase price, non-competes, or similar obligations of any Credit Party, to the extent such Contingent Obligations arise in connection with a Permitted Acquisition and do not cause the Borrowers or their Subsidiaries to exceed the cap on Acquisition Consideration set forth in clause (n) of the definition of Permitted Acquisition;

(k)unsecured earn-out obligations and other similar contingent purchase price obligations constituting Acquisition Consideration and incurred in connection with a Permitted Acquisition (and not including any seller notes or other non-contingent Debt unless otherwise constituting Permitted Debt), in an amount not to exceed the cap set forth in clause (n) of the definition of Permitted Acquisitions after taking into account all other Acquisition Consideration paid or payable by Borrowers during the term of this Agreement; provided that no payment shall be made in respect of such obligations if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing or would result from such payment;

(l)to the extent also constituting Contingent Obligations (without duplication), Permitted Debt (other than pursuant to clause (i) of the definition thereof); and

(m)other Contingent Obligations not permitted by clauses (a) through (l) above, not to exceed One Million Dollars ($1,000,000) in the aggregate at any time outstanding.
“Permitted Debt” means:
(a)Credit Parties’ Debt to Agent and each Lender under this Agreement and the other Financing Documents;
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(b)Debt (i) incurred as a result of endorsing negotiable instruments received in the Ordinary Course of Business and/or (ii) in connection with advance or deposits from customers or vendors received in the Ordinary Course of Business and held with a deposit bank insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation;
(c)purchase money Debt and Capital Leases not to exceed $1,000,000 in the aggregate at any time (whether in the form of a loan or a lease) used solely to acquire Equipment and other capital and fixed assets (other than real property) used in the Ordinary Course of Business and secured only by such Equipment or other capital or fixed assets and any Permitted Refinancing thereof;
(d)Debt existing on the date of this Agreement and described on Schedule 5.1 (but not including any refinancings, extensions, increases or amendments to such Debt other than any Permitted Refinancing thereof);
(e)Debt existing or arising under any Swap Contract, provided, however, that such obligations are (or were) entered into by Borrower or a Subsidiary in the Ordinary Course of Business for the purpose of directly mitigating risks associated with liabilities, commitments, investments, assets, or property held or reasonably anticipated by such Person and not for purposes of speculation;
(f)Debt owed to any Person providing property, casualty, liability, or other insurance to the Credit Parties, including to finance insurance premiums, so long as the amount of such Debt is not in excess of the amount of the unpaid cost of, and shall be incurred only to defer the cost of, such insurance for the policy year in which such Debt is incurred and such Debt is outstanding only during such policy year;
(g)Debt consisting of unsecured intercompany loans and advances incurred by (1) any Credit Party owing to any other Credit Party, (2) any Credit Party owing to any Restricted Foreign Subsidiary, (3) any Restricted Foreign Subsidiary owing to any other Restricted Foreign Subsidiary, or (4) any Restricted Foreign Subsidiary owing to any Credit Party so long as such Debt constitutes a Permitted Investment of the applicable Credit Party pursuant to clause (i), (j) or (k) of the definition of Permitted Investments and, in each case; provided that any such Debt owed by a Credit Party shall, at the request of Agent, be subordinated to the payment in full of the Obligations pursuant to documentation in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Agent;
(h)Subordinated Debt;
(i)to the extent also constituting Debt (without duplication), Permitted Contingent Obligations (other than pursuant to clause (l) of the definition thereof);
(j)Debt in respect of any agreement providing solely for customary treasury, depositary, or cash management services, including, without limitation, netting services, overdraft protections and other like services, in each case incurred in the Ordinary Course of Business;
(k)Debt, in an aggregate amount not to exceed $1,000,000 at any time outstanding, in respect of credit cards, credit card processing services, debit cards, stored value cards, purchase cards (including so-called “procurement cards” or “P-cards”) or other similar cash management or merchant services, in each case, incurred in the Ordinary Course of Business; provided that, to the extent such Debt is secured, it is secured solely by cash collateral held in a Credit Card Cash Collateral Account;
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(l)Debt consisting of take-or-pay obligations pursuant to supplier contracts or similar agreements entered into in the Ordinary Course of Business in an aggregate amount not to exceed $2,500,000 at any time outstanding;
(m)workers’ compensation claims, payment obligations in connection with health, disability or other types of social security benefits, unemployment or other insurance obligations, reclamation and statutory obligations, in each case incurred in the Ordinary Course of Business;
(n)(i) Debt in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $1,000,000 outstanding at any time assumed or otherwise acquired in connection with a Permitted Acquisition (provided such Debt was not incurred in contemplation of the Permitted Acquisition), and (ii) and any Permitted Refinancing thereof; and
(o)other unsecured Debt (other than Debt for borrowed money) not to exceed $1,000,000 in the aggregate at any time at any time outstanding.
“Permitted Discretion” means a determination made in good faith and in the exercise of reasonable (from the perspective of a secured asset based lender) business judgment.
“Permitted Distributions” means the following Distributions:
(a)Distributions by any Credit Party or Subsidiary of a Credit Party to a Credit Party;
(b)dividends payable solely in Equity Interests (other than Disqualified Equity Interests) so long as such dividends do not result in a Change in Control;
(c)purchases (or withholding) by NeuroPace of its Equity Interests pursuant to any employee stock option or similar plan approved by Borrower’s board of directors in order to pay withholding Taxes for which Borrower is liable in respect of a current or former officer, director, employee, member of management or consultant upon such grant or award (or upon vesting or exercise thereof);

(d) payments pursuant to employee stock plans in an aggregate amount not to exceed the sum of $1,000,000 during the term of this Agreement;

(e)distributions of Equity Interests (other than Disqualified Equity Interests) upon the conversion or exchange of Equity Interests (including options and warrants) or Subordinated Debt; and

(f)cash payments in lieu of the issuance of fractional shares in connection with the exercise of warrants, options or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for capital stock, or in connection with dividends, share splits, reverse share splits (or any combination thereof) and other Investments permitted hereunder, in an aggregate maximum amount not to exceed One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000) in any fiscal year.
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“Permitted Investments” means:
(a)Investments shown on Schedule 5.7 and existing on the Closing Date;
(b)to the extent constituting an Investment, the holding by a Person of cash and Cash Equivalents owned by such Person;
(c)[reserved];
(d)Investments consisting of the endorsement of negotiable instruments for deposit or collection or similar transactions in the Ordinary Course of Business;
(e)Investments consisting of (i) travel advances and employee relocation loans and other employee loans and advances in the Ordinary Course of Business, and (ii) loans to employees, officers or directors relating to the purchase of equity securities of Borrowers or their Subsidiaries (other than Restricted Foreign Subsidiaries) pursuant to employee stock purchase plans or agreements approved by Borrowers’ Board of Directors (or other governing body) in the Ordinary Course of Business, but the aggregate of all such loans and advances outstanding pursuant to this clause (d) may not exceed $250,000 at any time;
(f)Investments (including debt obligations) received in connection with the bankruptcy or reorganization of customers or suppliers and in settlement of delinquent obligations of, and other disputes with, customers or suppliers arising in the Ordinary Course of Business;
(g)Investments consisting of notes receivable of, or prepaid royalties and other credit extensions, to customers and suppliers who are not Affiliates, in the Ordinary Course of Business, provided, however, that this clause (f) shall not apply to Investments of any Credit Party in any Subsidiary;
(h)Investments consisting of Deposit Accounts or Securities Accounts in which Agent has received a Deposit Account Control Agreement or Securities Account Control Agreement to the extent required by this Agreement;
(i)Investments of cash and Cash Equivalents by Credit Parties in a Restricted Foreign Subsidiary but solely to the extent that (x) the aggregate amount of such Investments (including payments in respect of intercompany Debt) made with respect to all Restricted Foreign Subsidiaries does not, at any time, exceed $1,000,000 in any twelve (12) month period, and (y) with respect to any individual Restricted Foreign Subsidiary, the amount of such Investments in such Restricted Foreign Subsidiary at any time outstanding does not exceed the amount necessary to fund the current monthly operating expenses of such Restricted Foreign Subsidiary (taking into account their revenue from other sources; provided that in no event shall any Investment be made pursuant to this clause (i) unless Credit Parties are in compliance with Section 5.19(a) before and after giving effect to such Investment;
(j)Investments by (1) any Credit Party in any other Credit Party; (2) any Restricted Foreign Subsidiary in any other Restricted Foreign Subsidiary; and (3) any Restricted Foreign Subsidiary in any Borrower or Guarantor; provided that all obligations of the Credit Parties in connection with any Investment by a Restricted Foreign Subsidiary in any Credit Party (other than in the form of Equity Interests not constituting Disqualified Equity Interests) shall be subordinated to the Obligations pursuant to a Subordination Agreement;
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(k)To the extent constituting Investments, intercompany receivables that arise solely from customary transfer pricing and cost sharing arrangements (i.e., “cost plus” arrangements) and associated “true-up” payments among the Credit Parties and their respective Subsidiaries that are in the Ordinary Course of Business and only to the extent such arrangements are entered into in order to accurately reflect the costs of operating the business of the Credit Parties and their respective Subsidiaries (and with respect to the Intellectual Property, those costs necessary to protect such Intellectual Property) and/or to maintain compliance with all applicable jurisdictional Tax requirements;
(l)the granting of Permitted Licenses;
(m)Investments in prepaid expenses, utility and workers’ compensation, performance and other similar deposits (including security deposits for real estate leases), each as entered into in the Ordinary Course of Business;
(n)Investments constituting Permitted Acquisitions;
(o)Investments acquired as a result of a Permitted Acquisition to the extent that such Investments were not made in contemplation of or in connection with such Permitted Acquisition and were in existence prior to the date of such Permitted Acquisition, in an aggregate amount not to exceed $1,000,000 at any time outstanding (or such higher threshold as consented to by Agent, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld);
(p)Investment in any Person to the extent such Investment represents the non-cash portion of the consideration received for a Permitted Asset Disposition;
(q)Investments under any Swap Contract entered into by a Credit Party or a Subsidiary in the Ordinary Course of Business for the purpose of directly mitigating risks associated with liabilities, commitments, investments, assets, or property held or reasonably anticipated by such Person and not for purposes of speculation;
(r)Investments of cash and Cash Equivalents made as part of a Permitted Commercialization Arrangement; provided, that, such Investments shall not exceed $1,000,000 in the aggregate at any time outstanding for all such Permitted Commercialization Arrangements taken together; and
(s)so long as no Event of Default exists at the time of such Investment or after giving effect to such Investment, other Investments of cash and Cash Equivalents in an amount not exceeding $1,000,000 in the aggregate at any time outstanding.
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“Permitted License” means (a) any non-exclusive license or sublicense of Intellectual Property rights of Credit Parties or their Subsidiaries so long as all such licenses or sublicenses (i) are granted to third parties, Restricted Foreign Subsidiaries or to any Permitted Commercialization Arrangement Vehicle in the Ordinary Course of Business, (ii) do not result in a legal transfer of title to the licensed property, (iii) have been granted on an arm’s length basis in exchange for fair consideration on commercially reasonable terms, and (iv) do not interfere in any respect with the ordinary conduct of, or materially detract from the value of, the business or assets of Borrower and its Subsidiaries, and (b) any exclusive license or sublicense of Intellectual Property rights of Credit Parties or their Subsidiaries so long as all such licenses or sublicenses (i) are granted to third parties, Restricted Foreign Subsidiaries or to any Permitted Commercialization Arrangement Vehicle in the Ordinary Course of Business, (ii) are exclusive solely as to discrete geographical areas outside of North America (and not exclusive in any other respect) (iii) do not result in a legal transfer of title to the licensed property, (iv) have been granted on an arm’s length basis in exchange for fair consideration on commercially reasonable terms, (v) no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing or would result from the granting of such license or sublicense, and (vi) such licenses or sublicenses do not interfere in any respect with the ordinary conduct of, or materially detract from the value of, the business or assets of Borrower and its Subsidiaries.
“Permitted Liens” means:
(a)deposits or pledges of cash arising in the Ordinary Course of Business to secure obligations under workmen’s compensation, social security or similar laws, or under unemployment insurance (but excluding Liens arising under ERISA or, with respect to any Pension Plan or Multiemployer Plan, the Code) pertaining to a Credit Party’s or its Subsidiary’s employees, if any;
(b)deposits or pledges of cash and Cash Equivalents in the Ordinary Course of Business to secure, without duplication, (i) leases and other obligations of like nature and (ii) Permitted Contingent Obligations described in clause (h) of the definition thereof;
(c)carrier’s, warehousemen’s, mechanic’s, materialmen’s, repairmen’s or other like Liens arising by operation of law in the ordinary course of business that are not overdue for a period of more than 30 days or which are being contested pursuant to a Permitted Contest (provided that nothing in this clause (c) shall be deemed to be consent or permission given by Agent or Lenders to the transfer of inventory or other property to any carrier, warehousemen, mechanic, materialmen, repairment or other like Person as security for the payment of the obligations due to such a Person or to any such Person’s Lien taking priority over the Liens granted to Agent hereunder);
(d)Liens for Taxes or other governmental charges not at the time delinquent or thereafter payable without penalty or the subject of a Permitted Contest;
(e)attachments, stay or appeal bonds, judgments and other similar Liens on Collateral arising in connection with court proceedings that do not constitute an Event of Default; provided, however, that the execution or other enforcement of such Liens is effectively stayed and the claims secured thereby are the subject of a Permitted Contest;
(f)Liens with respect to real estate, easements, rights of way, restrictions, minor defects or irregularities of title, none of which, individually or in the aggregate, materially interfere with the benefits of the security intended to be provided by the Security Documents, materially affect the value or marketability of the Collateral, impair the use or operation of the Collateral for the use currently being made thereof or impair Credit Parties’ ability to pay the Obligations in a timely manner or impair the use of the Collateral or the ordinary conduct of the business of any Credit Party or any Subsidiary and which, in the case of any real estate that is part of the Collateral, are set forth as exceptions to or subordinate matters in the title insurance policy accepted by Agent insuring the lien of the Security Documents;
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(g)Liens and encumbrances in favor of Agent under the Financing Documents;
(h)Liens, other than on Collateral that is part of the Borrowing Base, existing on the date hereof and set forth on Schedule 5.2 on the Closing Date and Liens granted in a Permitted Refinancing of the obligations or liabilities secured by such Liens;
(i)any Lien on any Equipment and the proceeds thereof securing Debt permitted under clause (c) of the definition of Permitted Debt; provided, however, that such Lien attaches concurrently with or within twenty (20) days after the acquisition thereof and Liens incurred in a Permitted Refinancing of such Debt secured by such Liens;
(j)to the extent constituting a Lien, the granting of a Permitted License;
(k)purported Liens evidenced by the filing of precautionary UCC financing statements relating solely to operating leases or consignments of personal property entered into the Ordinary Course of Business;
(l)Liens granted in the Ordinary Course of Business on the unearned portion of insurance premiums securing the financing of insurance premiums to the extent the financing is permitted clause (f) of the definition of Permitted Debt;
(m)Liens that are rights of set-off, bankers’ liens or similar non-consensual Liens relating to Deposit Accounts or Securities Accounts in favor of banks, other depositary institutions and securities intermediaries solely to secure payment of fees and similar costs and expenses and arising in the Ordinary Course of Business
(n)Leases or subleases of real property granted in the Ordinary Course of Business;
(o)Liens, deposits and pledges encumbering cash and Cash Equivalents with a value not to exceed One Million Dollars ($1,000,000) in the aggregate at any time, to secure the performance of bids, tenders, contracts (other than contracts for the payment of money), public or statutory obligations, surety, indemnity, performance or other similar bonds or other similar obligations arising in the Ordinary Course of Business;
(p)Liens solely in respect of the Credit Card Cash Collateral Accounts and amounts deposited therein to the extent securing obligations permitted pursuant to clause (k) of the definition of Permitted Debt;
(q)Liens solely in respect of the L/C Cash Collateral Accounts and amounts deposited therein to the extent securing obligations permitted pursuant to clause (h) of the definition of Permitted Contingent Obligations;
(r)Liens in favor of customs and revenue authorities arising as a matter of Law to secure payment of customs duties in connection with the importation of goods in the Ordinary Course of Business;
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(s)Liens securing Debt permitted in reliance on clause (n) of the definition of “Permitted Debt”; provided, that, such Liens extend solely to the assets acquired in such Permitted Acquisition;
(t)Liens securing Subordinated Debt to the extent such Liens are expressly consented to by Agent and subject, at all times, to a Subordination Agreement; and
(u)other Liens (other than Liens arising under ERISA or Liens to secure obligations in respect of Debt for borrowed money) which secure obligations permitted under this Agreement not exceeding $1,000,000 in the aggregate at any one time outstanding; provided that no such Liens shall be permitted with respect to Material Intangible Assets.
“Permitted Modifications” means (a) such amendments or other modifications to a Borrower’s or Subsidiary’s Organizational Documents as are required under this Agreement or by applicable Law and fully disclosed to Agent within thirty (30) days after such amendments or modifications have become effective, (b) such amendments or modifications to a Borrower’s or Subsidiary’s Organizational Documents (other than those involving a change in the name of a Borrower or Subsidiary or involving a reorganization of a Borrower or Subsidiary under the laws of a different jurisdiction) that would not adversely affect the rights and interests of Agent or Lenders and fully disclosed to Agent within thirty (30) days after such amendments or modifications have become effective, and (c) such amendments or modifications to a Borrower’s or Subsidiary’s Organizational Documents involving a change in the name of such Person or involving the reorganization of such Person under the laws of a different jurisdiction fully disclosed to Agent at least 10 days prior thereto and otherwise are permitted in accordance with Section 9.2(e).
“Permitted Refinancing” means Debt constituting a refinancing, extension or renewal of Debt; provided that the refinanced, extended, or renewed Debt (a) has an aggregate outstanding principal amount not greater than the aggregate principal amount of the Debt being refinanced or extended (plus any reasonable and customary interest, fees, premiums and costs and expenses) (b) has a weighted average maturity (measured as of the date of such refinancing or extension) and maturity no shorter than that of the Debt being refinanced or extended, (c) is not entered into as part of a sale leaseback transaction, (d) is not secured by a Lien on any assets other than the collateral securing the Debt being refinanced or extended, (e) the obligors of which are the same as the obligors of the Debt being refinanced or extended, (f) is otherwise on terms not materially less favorable to Credit Parties and their Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, than those of the Debt being refinanced or extended, and (g) no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing at the time such refinancing, extension or renewal occurs or would result therefrom.
“Person” means any natural person, corporation, limited liability company, professional association, limited partnership, general partnership, joint stock company, joint venture, association, company, trust, bank, trust company, land trust, business trust or other organization, whether or not a legal entity, and any Governmental Authority.
“Pledge Agreement” means that a Pledge Agreement, executed by certain Credit Parties in favor of Agent, for the benefit of Lenders, covering all the Equity Interests respectively owned by the Credit Parties, as amended, restated, or otherwise modified from time to time.
“Prepayment Fee” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.2(i).
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“Pro Rata Share” means (a) with respect to a Lender’s obligation to make advances in respect of a Term Loan Tranche 1 and such Lender’s right to receive payments of principal, interest and fees with respect to the Term Loan Tranche 1, the Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitment Percentage of such Lender; provided that if the Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitment has been reduced to zero, the numerator shall be the aggregate unpaid principal amount of such Lender’s portion of the Term Loan Tranche 1 and the denominator shall be the aggregate unpaid principal amount of the Term Loan Tranche 1, (b) with respect to a Lender’s obligation to make Revolving Loans, and such Lender’s right to receive any fee payable to or for the benefit of the Revolving Lenders, the Revolving Loan Commitment Percentage of such Lender, (c) with respect to a Lender’s right to receive payments of principal and interest with respect to Revolving Loans, such Lender’s Revolving Loan Exposure with respect thereto, and (d) for all other purposes (including, without limitation, the indemnification obligations arising under Section 11.6) with respect to any Lender, the percentage obtained by dividing (i) the sum of the Revolving Loan Commitment Amount (or, in the event the Revolving Loan Commitment shall have been reduced to zero, such Lender’s then existing Revolving Loan Outstandings), the then remaining Term Loan Commitment Amount, and the then outstanding principal advances under the Term Loan of such Lender, by (ii) the sum of the Revolving Loan Commitment (or, in the event the Revolving Loan Commitment shall have been reduced to zero, the then existing Revolving Loan Outstandings), the then remaining Term Loan Commitment, and the then outstanding principal advances under the Term Loans of all Lenders.
“Proceeding” means any suit, formal charge, complaint, action or hearing, whether judicial or administrative, before any Governmental Authority or arbitrator.
“Proceeds” means “proceeds” (as defined in Article 9 of the UCC).
“Products” means, from time to time, any products currently manufactured, sold, developed, tested or marketed by any Credit Party or any of its Subsidiaries, including without limitation, those products set forth on Schedule 4.17 (as updated from time to time after the Closing Date by Borrower’s delivery of the Compliance Certificate to Agent); provided, that, for the avoidance of doubt, any new Product not disclosed on Schedule 4.17 shall still constitute a “Product” as herein defined.
“Protective Advance” means all sums expended by Agent in accordance with the provisions of Section 10.4 to (a) protect the priority, validity and enforceability of any lien on, and security interests in, any Collateral and the instruments evidencing and securing the Obligations, (b) prevent the value of any Collateral from being diminished, or (c) protect any of the Collateral from being materially damaged, impaired, mismanaged or taken.
“Recall” means a Person’s Removal or Correction of a marketed product that the FDA considers to be in violation of the laws it administers and against which the FDA would initiate legal action, e.g., seizure.
“Reference Time” means approximately a time substantially consistent with market practice two (2) SOFR Business Days prior to the first day of each calendar month. If by 5:00 pm (New York City time) on any interest lookback day, Term SOFR in respect of such interest lookback day has not been published on the SOFR Administrator’s Website, then Term SOFR for such interest lookback day will be Term SOFR as published in respect of the first preceding SOFR Business Day for which Term SOFR was published on the SOFR Administrator’s Website; provided that such first preceding SOFR Business Day is not more than three (3) SOFR Business Days prior to such interest lookback day.
“Register” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.17(a)(iii).
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“Registered Intellectual Property” means any patent, registered trademark or servicemark, registered copyright, registered mask work, or any pending application for any of the foregoing.
“Regulatory Reporting Event” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.17(j).
“Regulatory Required Permit” means any and all licenses, approvals and permits issued by the FDA, or any other applicable Governmental Authority, necessary for (a) the testing, manufacture, marketing or sale of any Product by any applicable Credit Party or its Subsidiaries as such activities are being conducted by such Credit Party and its Subsidiaries with respect to such Product at such time, and those issued by State governments or foreign governments for the conduct of any Credit Party’s or any Subsidiary’s business or (b) the operation by any applicable Credit Party or its Subsidiaries of any manufacturing facility or other similar operation.
“Relevant Governmental Body” means the Federal Reserve Board and/or the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, or a committee officially endorsed or convened by the Federal Reserve Board and/or the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or any successor thereto.
“Removal” means the physical removal of a Product from its point of use to some other location for repair, modification, adjustment, relabeling, destruction, or inspection.
“Replacement Lender” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.17(c).
“Required Lenders” means at any time Lenders holding (a) of more than fifty percent (50%) the sum of the Revolving Loan Commitments, the remaining Term Loan Commitments, and the then outstanding principal advances under the Term Loans (taken as a whole) or (b) if the Revolving Loan Commitments has been reduced to zero, more than fifty percent (50%) of the sum of the then aggregate outstanding principal balance of the Revolving Loans, the remaining Term Loan Commitments, and the then outstanding principal advances under the Term Loans (taken as a whole).
“Resolution Authority” means an EEA Resolution Authority or, with respect to any UK Financial Institution, a UK Resolution Authority.
“Responsible Officer” means any of the President, Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer of the applicable Credit Party.
“Restricted Foreign Subsidiary” means each direct and indirect Subsidiary of NeuroPace formed or acquired after the Closing Date and not organized under the laws of the United States or any state or territory thereof (including Washington, D.C.); provided that no foreign Subsidiary that becomes a Credit Party pursuant to Section 4.11(d) shall be a “Restricted Foreign Subsidiary” for purposes of this Agreement or the other Financing Documents.
“Revolving Lender” means each Lender having a Revolving Loan Commitment Amount in excess of Zero Dollars ($0) (or, in the event the Revolving Loan Commitment shall have been terminated at any time, each Lender at such time having Revolving Loan Outstandings in excess of Zero Dollars ($0)).
“Revolving Loan Account” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.6(b).
“Revolving Loan Availability” means, at any time, the Revolving Loan Limit minus the Revolving Loan Outstandings.
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“Revolving Loan Commitment” means, as of any date of determination, the aggregate Revolving Loan Commitment Amounts of all Lenders as of such date.
“Revolving Loan Commitment Amount” means, as to any Lender, the dollar amount set forth opposite such Lender’s name on the Commitment Annex under the column “Revolving Loan Commitment Amount” (if such Lender’s name is not so set forth thereon, then the dollar amount on the Commitment Annex for the Revolving Loan Commitment Amount for such Lender shall be deemed to be Zero Dollars ($0)), as such amount may be adjusted from time to time by any amounts assigned (with respect to such Lender’s portion of Revolving Loans outstanding and its commitment to make Revolving Loans) pursuant to the terms of any and all effective Assignment Agreements to which such Lender is a party. For the avoidance of doubt, the aggregate Revolving Loan Commitment Amount of all Lenders on the Closing Date shall be $15,000,000.
“Revolving Loan Commitment Percentage” means, as to any Lender, (a) on the Closing Date, the percentage set forth opposite such Lender’s name on the Commitment Annex under the column “Revolving Loan Commitment Percentage” (if such Lender’s name is not so set forth thereon, then, on the Closing Date, such percentage for such Lender shall be deemed to be zero), and (b) on any date following the Closing Date, the percentage equal to the Revolving Loan Commitment Amount of such Lender on such date divided by the Revolving Loan Commitment on such date.
“Revolving Loan Exposure” means, with respect to any Lender on any date of determination, the percentage equal to the amount of such Lender’s Revolving Loan Outstandings on such date divided by the aggregate Revolving Loan Outstandings of all Lenders on such date.
“Revolving Loan Limit” means, at any time, the lesser of (a) the Revolving Loan Commitment and (b) the Borrowing Base.
“Revolving Loan Outstandings” means, at any time of calculation, without duplication (a)  the then existing aggregate outstanding principal amount of Revolving Loans, and (b) when used with reference to any single Lender, the then existing outstanding principal amount of Revolving Loans advanced by such Lender.
“Revolving Loan Payment Account” means the account specified on Schedule 1.1 hereto, into which all payments by or on behalf of each Borrower to Agent (other than payments of principal, interest, fees, expenses, charges and all other amounts owing solely in respect of the Term Loans) under the Financing Documents shall be made, or such other account as Agent shall from time to time specify by notice to Borrower Representative.
“Revolving Loans” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(b).
“Revolving Loans Start Date” means the date that is the earlier of (a) the date that is twelve (12) months following the Closing Date, and (b) the date of the initial borrowing of the Revolving Loans.
“Sanctioned Country” means any country or territory that is itself subject to comprehensive sanctions maintained by OFAC including at the time of this Agreement, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Syria and the Crimea, Donetsk People’s Republic and Luhansk People’s Republic regions.
“SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission and any successor agency thereto.
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“Securities Account” means a “securities account” (as defined in Article 9 of the UCC), an investment account, or other account in which investment property or securities are held or invested for credit to or for the benefit of any Credit Party.
“Securities Account Control Agreement” means an agreement, in form and substance satisfactory to Agent, among Agent, any applicable Credit Party and each securities intermediary in which such Credit Party maintains a Securities Account pursuant to which Agent shall obtain “control” (as defined in Article 9 of the UCC) over such Securities Account.
“Security Document” means this Agreement, the Pledge Agreement, and each other agreement, document or instrument executed concurrently herewith or at any time hereafter pursuant to which one or more Credit Parties or any other Person either (a) Guarantees payment or performance of all or any portion of the Obligations, and/or (b) provides, as security for all or any portion of the Obligations, a Lien on any of its assets in favor of Agent for its own benefit and the benefit of the Lenders, as any or all of the same may be amended, supplemented, restated or otherwise modified from time to time.
“SOFR” means, with respect to any SOFR Business Day, a rate per annum equal to the secured overnight financing rate for such SOFR Business Day.
“SOFR Administrator” means CME Group Benchmark Administration Limited (CBA) (or a successor administrator of Term SOFR selected by Agent in its reasonable discretion).
“SOFR Administrator’s Website” means the website of the SOFR Administrator, currently at https://www.cmegroup.com/market-data/cme-group-benchmark-administration/term-sofr.html, or any successor source for Term SOFR identified by the SOFR Administrator from time to time.
“SOFR Business Day” means any day other than a Saturday or Sunday or a day on which the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association recommends that the fixed income departments of its members be closed for the entire day for purposes of trading in United States government securities.
“SOFR Interest Rate” means, with respect to each day during which interest accrues on a Loan, the rate per annum (expressed as a percentage) equal to (a) Term SOFR for the applicable Interest Period for such day; or (b) if the then-current Benchmark has been replaced with a Benchmark Replacement pursuant to Section 2.2(o), such Benchmark Replacement for such day. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the SOFR Interest Rate shall not at any time be less than the Floor.
“SOFR Loan” means a Loan that bears interest at a rate based on Term SOFR.
“Solvent” means, with respect to any Person, that such Person (a) owns and will own assets the fair saleable value of which are (i) greater than the total amount of its debts and liabilities (including Contingent Obligations), and (ii) greater than the amount that will be required to pay the probable liabilities of its then existing debts as they become absolute and matured considering all financing alternatives and potential asset sales reasonably available to it; (b) has capital that is not unreasonably small in relation to its business as presently conducted or after giving effect to any contemplated transaction; and (c) does not intend to incur and does not believe that it will incur debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they become due.
“Stated Rate” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.7.
“Subject Testing Date” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.1.
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“Subordinated Debt” means any Debt of Credit Parties incurred pursuant to the terms of the Subordinated Debt Documents and with the prior written consent of Agent. As of the Closing Date, there is no Subordinated Debt.
“Subordinated Debt Documents” means any documents evidencing and/or securing Debt governed by a Subordination Agreement, all of which documents must be in form and substance acceptable to Agent in its sole discretion. As of the Closing Date, there are no Subordinated Debt Documents.
“Subordination Agreement” means each agreement between Agent and another creditor of Credit Parties, as the same may be amended, supplemented, restated or otherwise modified from time to time in accordance with the terms thereof, pursuant to which the Debt owing from any Credit Party and/or the Liens securing such Debt granted by any Credit Party to such creditor are subordinated in any way to the Obligations and the Liens created under the Security Documents, the terms and provisions of such Subordination Agreements to have been agreed to by and be acceptable to Agent in the exercise of its sole discretion.
“Subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person, (a) any corporation (or any foreign equivalent thereof) of which an aggregate of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding Equity Interests having ordinary voting power to elect a majority of the board of directors of such corporation (irrespective of whether, at the time, Equity Interests of any other class or classes of such corporation shall have or might have voting power by reason of the happening of any contingency) is at the time, directly or indirectly, owned legally or beneficially by such Person or one or more Subsidiaries of such Person, or with respect to which any such Person has the right to vote or designate the vote of more than fifty percent (50%) of such Equity Interests whether by proxy, agreement, operation of law or otherwise, and (b) any partnership or limited liability company (or any foreign equivalent thereof) in which such Person and/or one or more Subsidiaries of such Person shall have an interest (whether in the form of voting or participation in profits or capital contribution) of more than fifty percent (50%) or of which any such Person is a general partner or may exercise the powers of a general partner. Unless the context otherwise requires, each reference to a Subsidiary shall be a reference to a Subsidiary of a Credit Party.
“Swap Contract” means any “swap agreement”, as defined in Section 101 of the Bankruptcy Code, that is obtained by a Credit Party to provide protection against fluctuations in interest or currency exchange rates.
    “Taxes” means all present or future taxes, levies, imposts, duties, deductions, withholdings (including backup withholding), assessments, fees or other charges imposed by any Governmental Authority, including any interest, additions to tax or penalties applicable thereto.
“Term Lender” means a Lender with a Term Loan Commitment or a portion of the outstanding Term Loans.
“Term Loan” means the Term Loan Tranche 1.
“Term Loan Account” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.6(c).
“Term Loan Commitment Amount” means, with respect to each Lender, the sum of such Lender’s Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitment Amount.
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“Term Loan Commitment Percentage” means, as to any Lender with respect to each of such Lender’s Term Loan Commitments, (a) on the Closing Date, with respect to each tranche of the Term Loan, the applicable percentage set forth opposite such Lender’s name on the Commitment Annex under the column “Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitment Percentage” (if such Lender’s name is not so set forth thereon, then, on the Closing Date, such percentage for such Lender shall be deemed to be zero), and (b) on any date following the Closing Date, as applicable to each tranche of Term Loan, the percentage equal to the Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitment of such Lender on such date divided by the aggregate Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitments on such date.
“Term Loan Commitments” means the Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitments. For the avoidance of doubt, the aggregate Term Loan Commitments of all Lenders on the Closing Date shall be $60,000,000.
“Term Loan Payment Account” means the account specified on Schedule 1.1 hereto into which all payments by or on behalf of each Borrower to Agent of principal, interest, fees, expenses, charges and all other amounts owing solely in respect of the Term Loans under the Financing Documents shall be made, or such other account as Term Loan Servicer shall from time to time specify by notice to Borrower Representative.
“Term Loan Servicer” MidCap Financial Trust, in its capacity as Term Loan Servicer for itself and for Lenders hereunder, as such capacity is established in, and subject to the provisions of, Article 11, and the successors and assigns of MidCap Financial Trust in such capacity.
“Term Loan Tranche 1” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(a)(i)(A).
“Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitment Amount” means, with respect to each Lender, the amount set forth opposite such Lender’s name on Annex A hereto under the caption “Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitment Amount”, as amended from time to time to reflect any permitted and effective assignments and as such amount may be reduced or terminated pursuant to this Agreement.
“Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitments” means the sum of each Lender’s Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitment Amount.
“Term SOFR” means the greater of (x) the forward-looking term rate for a period comparable to such Interest Period based on SOFR that is published by the SOFR Administrator and is displayed on the SOFR Administrator’s Website at approximately the Reference Time for such Interest Period and (y) the Floor. Unless otherwise specified in any amendment to this Agreement entered into in accordance with Section 2.2(o), in the event that a Benchmark Replacement with respect to Term SOFR is implemented, then all references herein to Term SOFR shall be deemed references to such Benchmark Replacement.
“Termination Date” means the earliest to occur of (a) the Maturity Date, (b) any date on which the maturity of the Loans is accelerated pursuant to Section 10.2, or (c) the termination date stated in any notice of termination of this Agreement provided by Borrowers in accordance with Section 2.12.
“Testing Date” means the last day of each calendar quarter.
“UCC” means the Uniform Commercial Code of the State of New York or of any other state the laws of which are required to be applied in connection with the perfection of security interests in any Collateral.
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“UK Financial Institution” means any BRRD Undertaking (as such term is defined under the PRA Rulebook (as amended from time to time) promulgated by the United Kingdom Prudential Regulation Authority) or any person falling within IFPRU 11.6 of the FCA Handbook (as amended from time to time) promulgated by the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority, which includes certain credit institutions and investment firms, and certain affiliates of such credit institutions or investment firms.
“UK Resolution Authority” means the Bank of England or any other public administrative authority having responsibility for the resolution of any UK Financial Institution.
“Unadjusted Benchmark Replacement” means the applicable Benchmark Replacement excluding the related Benchmark Replacement Adjustment.
“United States” means the United States of America.
“U.S. Credit Party” means a Credit Party organized under the laws of the United States or any state or territory thereof (including the District of Columbia).
“U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.8(c)(i).
“Withholding Agent” means any Credit Party, Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable.
“Work-In-Process” means Inventory that is not a product that is finished and approved by a Borrower in accordance with applicable Laws and such Borrower’s normal business practices for release and delivery to customers.
“Write-Down and Conversion Powers” means, (a) with respect to any EEA Resolution Authority, the write-down and conversion powers of such EEA Resolution Authority from time to time under the Bail-In Legislation for the applicable EEA Member Country, which write-down and conversion powers are described in the EU Bail-In Legislation Schedule, and (b) with respect to the United Kingdom, any powers of the applicable Resolution Authority under the Bail-In Legislation to cancel, reduce, modify or change the form of a liability of any UK Financial Institution or any contract or instrument under which that liability arises, to convert all or part of that liability into shares, securities or obligations of that person or any other person, to provide that any such contract or instrument is to have effect as if a right had been exercised under it or to suspend any obligation in respect of that liability or any of the powers under that Bail-In Legislation that are related to or ancillary to any of those powers.
Section 1.2Accounting Terms and Determinations. Unless otherwise specified herein, all accounting terms used herein shall be interpreted, all accounting determinations hereunder (including, without limitation, determinations made pursuant to the exhibits hereto) shall be made, and all financial statements required to be delivered hereunder shall be prepared on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP applied on a basis consistent with the most recent audited consolidated financial statements of each Credit Party and its Consolidated Subsidiaries delivered to Agent and each of the Lenders on or prior to the Closing Date except that the Credit Parties may change the fiscal year or method for determining fiscal quarters of any target of a Permitted Acquisition to conform to the fiscal year or method for determining fiscal quarters of the Credit Parties. If at any time any change in GAAP would affect the computation of any financial ratio or financial requirement set forth in any Financing Document, and either Borrowers or the Required Lenders shall so request, Agent, the Lenders and Borrowers shall negotiate in good faith to amend such ratio or requirement to preserve the original intent thereof in light of such change in GAAP (subject to the approval of the Required Lenders); provided, however, that until so amended, (a) such ratio or requirement shall continue to be computed in accordance with GAAP prior to such change therein and (b) Borrowers shall provide to Agent and the Lenders financial statements and other documents required under this Agreement which include a reconciliation between calculations of such ratio or requirement made before and after giving effect to such change in GAAP.
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For purposes of calculations made pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, GAAP will be deemed to treat operating leases and capital leases in a manner consistent with their treatment under GAAP as in effect prior to giving effect to FASB ASC 842 (Leases), notwithstanding any modifications or interpretive changes thereto that may occur (or have occurred) after adoption of the same.
Section 1.3Other Definitional and Interpretive Provisions. References in this Agreement to “Articles”, “Sections”, “Annexes”, “Exhibits”, or “Schedules” shall be to Articles, Sections, Annexes, Exhibits or Schedules of or to this Agreement unless otherwise specifically provided. Any term defined herein may be used in the singular or plural. “Include”, “includes” and “including” shall be deemed to be followed by “without limitation”. Except as otherwise specified or limited herein, references to any Person include the successors and assigns of such Person. References “from” or “through” any date mean, unless otherwise specified, “from and including” or “through and including”, respectively. References to any statute or act shall include all related current regulations and all amendments and any successor statutes, acts and regulations. All amounts used for purposes of financial calculations required to be made herein shall be without duplication. References to any statute or act, without additional reference, shall be deemed to refer to federal statutes and acts of the United States. References to any agreement, instrument or document shall include all schedules, exhibits, annexes and other attachments thereto. References to capitalized terms that are not defined herein, but are defined in the UCC, shall have the meanings given them in the UCC. All references herein to times of day shall be references to daylight or standard time, as applicable. All references herein to a merger, transfer, consolidation, amalgamation, assignment, sale or transfer, or analogous term, will be construed to mean also a division of or by a limited liability company, as if it were a merger, transfer, consolidation, amalgamation, assignment, sale or transfer, or similar term, as applicable. Any series of limited liability company shall be considered a separate Person.
Section 1.4Settlement and Funding Mechanics. Unless otherwise specified herein, the settlement of all payments and fundings hereunder between or among the parties hereto shall be made in lawful money of the United States and in immediately available funds.
Section 1.5Time is of the Essence. Time is of the essence in Borrower’s and each other Credit Party’s performance under this Agreement and all other Financing Documents.
Section 1.6Time of Day. Unless otherwise specified, all references herein to times of day shall be references to Eastern time (daylight savings or standard, as applicable).
Article 2- LOANS
Section 2.1Loans.
(a)Term Loans.
(i)Term Loan Amounts.
(A)On the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein and in the other Financing Documents, each Lender with a Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitment Amount severally hereby agrees to make to Borrowers a Term Loan on the Closing Date in an original aggregate principal amount equal to the Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitments (the “Term Loan Tranche 1”). Each such Lender’s obligation to fund the Term Loan Tranche 1 shall be limited to such Lender’s Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitment Percentage, and no Lender shall have any obligation to fund any portion of any Term Loan required to be funded by any other Lender, but not so funded.
(B)No Borrower shall have any right to reborrow any portion of the Term Loan that is repaid or prepaid from time to time. Borrowers shall deliver to Agent and Term Loan Servicer a Notice of Borrowing with respect to each proposed Term Loan advance, such Notice of Borrowing to be delivered, in the case of a Term Loan Tranche 1 borrowing, no later than 12:00 P.M. (Eastern time) on the Closing Date.
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(ii)Scheduled Repayments; Mandatory Prepayments; Optional Prepayments.
(A)The entire outstanding principal amount of each Term Loan shall become immediately due and payable in full in one bullet payment on the earlier to occur of the (i) the Maturity Date, and (ii) the Termination Date. Notwithstanding the payment schedule set forth above, the outstanding principal amount of each Term Loan shall become immediately due and payable in full on the Termination Date.
(B)There shall become due and payable and Borrowers shall prepay each Term Loan in the following amounts and at the following times:
(i)Unless Agent shall otherwise consent in writing, subject to Borrower’s option to apply casualty, condemnation or eminent domain proceeds (“Casualty Proceeds”) in accordance with this Section 2.1(a)(ii)(B)(i), within five (5) Business Days of the date on which any Credit Party (or Agent as loss payee or assignee) receives any Casualty Proceeds in excess of $1,000,000 with respect to any Collateral, an amount equal to one hundred percent (100%) of such proceeds (net of out-of-pocket expenses and repayment of secured debt permitted under clause (c) of the definition of Permitted Debt and encumbering the property that suffered, taxes paid or required to be paid, and amounts required to be reserved under GAAP), or such lesser portion of such proceeds as Agent shall elect to apply to the Term Loans and related Obligations; provided that, so long as no Event of Default then exists, any such Casualty Proceeds in excess of $1,000,000 may instead be used by Borrowers within three hundred and sixty (360) days from the receipt of such proceeds to replace, repair, purchase or otherwise reinvest such proceeds in assets used or useful in the business of the Credit Parties;
(ii)without limiting Section 5.6(b) and unless Agent shall otherwise consent in writing, within five (5) Business Days of receipt by any Credit Party of the proceeds of any Asset Disposition that is not permitted by Section 5.6(b) or that is made pursuant to clause (o) of the definition of “Permitted Asset Dispositions”, an amount equal to one hundred percent (100%) of the net cash proceeds of such Asset Disposition (net of out-of-pocket expenses and repayment of secured debt permitted under clause (c) of the definition of Permitted Debt and encumbering such asset, taxes paid or required to be paid, and amounts required to be reserved under GAAP), or such lesser portion as Agent shall elect to apply to the Obligations; provided, that notwithstanding the foregoing, so long as no Event of Default then exists, any such net cash proceeds up to $1,000,000 during the life of this Agreement may instead be reinvested by Borrowers in their business within three hundred and sixty (360) days from the receipt of such proceeds; and
(iii)an amount equal to any interest that is deemed to be in excess of the Maximum Lawful Rate (as defined below) and is required to be applied to the reduction of the principal balance of the Loans by any Lender as provided for in Section 2.7;
(C)Borrowers may from time to time, with at least five (5) Business Days prior irrevocable written notice (which notice may be conditioned on the closing of a refinancing or other applicable transaction) to Agent, prepay the Term Loans in whole or in part; provided, however, that (x) each such prepayment (other than mandatory partial prepayments required under this Agreement) shall be in an amount equal to $1,000,000 (or a higher integral multiple of $1,000,000) (or, if less, the outstanding principal balance of the Term Loans) and (y) each such prepayment shall be accompanied by all prepayment fees and any other fees required hereunder and any fees required under the Fee Letter or any Financing Document in connection with such prepayments.
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(iii)All Prepayments. Except as this Agreement may specifically provide otherwise, all prepayments of the Term Loan shall be applied by Term Loan Servicer to the Term Loans and related Obligations in inverse order of maturity. In the event that there have been multiple advances under the Term Loan, each prepayment of the Term Loan shall be applied by Term Loan Servicer to reduce and prepay the principal balance of the earliest-made advance then outstanding in the inverse order of maturity of the scheduled payments with respect to such advance until such earliest-made advance is paid in full (and to the extent the total amount of any such partial prepayment shall exceed the outstanding principal balance of such earliest-made advance, the remainder of such prepayment shall be applied successively to the remaining advances under the Term Loan in the direct order of the respective advance dates in the manner provided for in this sentence).
(iv)Payments Generally. All payments by or on behalf of each Borrower to Term Loan Servicer of principal, interest, fees, expenses, charges and all other amounts owing solely in respect of the Term Loans under the Financing Documents shall be made to the Term Loan Payment Account.
(b)Revolving Loans.
(i)Revolving Loans and Borrowings. On the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, each Lender severally agrees to make loans to Borrowers from time to time as set forth herein (each a “Revolving Loan”, and collectively, “Revolving Loans”) equal to such Lender’s Revolving Loan Commitment Percentage of Revolving Loans requested by Borrowers hereunder, provided, however, that after giving effect thereto, the Revolving Loan Outstandings shall not exceed the Revolving Loan Limit. Borrowers shall deliver to Agent a Notice of Borrowing with respect to each proposed borrowing of a Revolving Loan, such Notice of Borrowing to be delivered before 1:00 p.m. (Eastern time) two (2) Business Days prior to the date of such proposed borrowing. Each Borrower and each Revolving Lender hereby authorizes Agent to make Revolving Loans on behalf of Revolving Lenders, at any time in its sole discretion, to pay principal owing in respect of the Revolving Loans and interest, fees, expenses and other charges payable by any Credit Party in respect of the Revolving Loans from time to time arising under this Agreement or any other Financing Document (it being understood that Agent shall not be entitled to make discretionary Revolving Loans to pay any amounts due and owing under or in respect of the Term Loans). The Borrowing Base shall be determined by Agent based on the most recent Borrowing Base Certificate delivered to Agent in accordance with this Agreement (absent manifest error) and such other information as may be available to Agent. Without limiting any other rights and remedies of Agent hereunder or under the other Financing Documents, the Revolving Loans shall be subject to Agent’s continuing right to withhold from the Borrowing Base reserves, and to increase and decrease such reserves from time to time, if and to the extent that in Agent’s Permitted Discretion, such reserves are necessary; provided that absent the occurrence and continuance of an Event of Default, Agent shall provide Borrower Representative with two (2) Business Days’ prior written notice of the institution of a new reserve or increase of existing reserves by Agent (it being understood that, upon such notice, the Borrowers will not be permitted to borrow so as to exceed the Borrowing Base after giving effect to such new or modified reserves).
(ii)Mandatory Revolving Loan Repayments and Prepayments.
(A)The Revolving Loan Commitment shall terminate on the Termination Date. On such Termination Date, there shall become due, and Borrowers shall pay, the entire outstanding principal amount of each Revolving Loan, together with accrued and unpaid Obligations pertaining thereto incurred to, but excluding the Termination Date; provided, however, that such payment is made not later than 12:00 Noon (Eastern time) on the Termination Date.
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(B)If at any time the Revolving Loan Outstandings exceed the Revolving Loan Limit, then, on the next succeeding Business Day, Borrowers shall repay the Revolving Loans, in an aggregate amount equal to such excess.
(C)Principal payable on account of Revolving Loans shall be payable by Borrowers to Agent (I) during any Cash Dominion Period, immediately upon the receipt by any Borrower or Agent of any payments on or proceeds from any of the Accounts, to the extent of such payments or proceeds, as further described in Section 2.11 below, and (II) in full on the Termination Date.
(iii)Optional Prepayments. Borrowers may from time to time prepay the Revolving Loans in whole or in part; provided, however, that any such partial prepayment shall be in an amount equal to $100,000 or a higher integral multiple of $25,000 (or, if less, the principal amount of Revolving Loans outstanding). For the avoidance of doubt, nothing in this clause shall permit termination of the Revolving Loan Commitment by Borrower other than in accordance with Section 2.12(b).
(iv)Payments Generally. All payments by or on behalf of each Borrower to Agent under the Financing Documents (other than those described in Section 2.1(a)(iv) above) shall be made to the Revolving Loan Payment Account.
Section 2.2Interest, Interest Calculations and Certain Fees.
(a)Interest.
(i)From and following the Closing Date, except as expressly set forth in this Agreement, Loans and the other Obligations shall bear interest at the sum of the SOFR Interest Rate plus the Applicable Margin. Interest on the Loans shall be paid monthly in arrears on the first (1st) day of each month and on the maturity of such Loans, whether by acceleration or otherwise. Interest on all other Obligations shall be payable upon demand.
(ii)In the event one or more of the following events occurs with respect to Term SOFR: (a) a public statement or publication of information by or on behalf of the SOFR Administrator announcing that the SOFR Administrator has ceased or will cease to provide Term SOFR for a 1-month period, permanently or indefinitely, provided that, at the time of such statement or publication, there is no successor administrator that will continue to provide Term SOFR for a 1-month period; (b) a public statement or publication of information by the regulatory supervisor for the SOFR Administrator, the Federal Reserve Board, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, an insolvency official or resolution authority with jurisdiction over the SOFR Administrator, or a court or an entity with similar insolvency or resolution authority, which states that the SOFR Administrator has ceased or will cease to provide Term SOFR for a 1-month period permanently or indefinitely, provided that, at the time of such statement or publication, there is no successor administrator that will continue to provide Term SOFR for a 1-month period; or (c) a public statement or publication of information by the regulatory supervisor for the SOFR Administrator announcing that Term SOFR for a 1-month period is no longer, or as of a specified future date will no longer be, representative and Agent has provided Borrower Representative with notice of the same, any outstanding affected SOFR Loans will be deemed to have been converted to Base Rate Loan at the end of the applicable Interest Period.
(iii)In connection with Term SOFR, Agent will have the right to make Conforming Changes from time to time and, notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein or in any other Financing Document, any amendments implementing such Conforming Changes will become effective without any further action or consent of any other party to this Agreement or any other Financing Document. Agent will promptly notify Borrower Representative and the Lenders of the effectiveness of any Conforming Changes.
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(b)Unused Line Fee. From and following the Revolving Loans Start Date, Borrowers shall pay Agent, for the benefit of all Lenders committed to make Revolving Loans, in accordance with their respective Pro Rata Shares, a fee in an amount equal to (1) if the average daily balance of the sum of the Revolving Loan Outstandings during the preceding month is greater than or equal to the Minimum Balance: (i) (A) the average daily amount of the Revolving Loan Limit during the preceding month minus (B) the average daily balance of the sum of the Revolving Loan Outstandings during the preceding month, multiplied by (ii) one quarter of one percent (0.25%) per annum or (2) if the Minimum Balance is greater than the average daily balance of the sum of the Revolving Loan Outstandings during the preceding month: (i) (A) the average daily amount of the Revolving Loan Limit during the preceding month minus (B) the Minimum Balance, multiplied by (ii) one quarter of one percent (0.25%) per annum. The unused line fee shall be paid monthly in arrears on the first day of each month and shall be deemed fully earned when due and payable and, once paid, shall be non-refundable.
(c)Fee Letter. In addition to the other fees set forth herein, the Borrowers agree to pay Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, the fees set forth in the Fee Letter.
(d)Minimum Balance Fee. From and following the Revolving Loans Start Date, on the first day of each month, the Borrowers agree to pay to Agent, for the ratable benefit of all Revolving Loan Lenders, the sum of the Minimum Balance Fee due for the prior month. The Minimum Balance Fee shall be deemed fully earned when due and payable and, once paid, shall be non-refundable.
(e)[Reserved].
(f)[Reserved].
(g)[Reserved].
(h)Deferred Revolving Loan Origination Fee. If Lenders’ funding obligations in respect of the Revolving Loan Commitment under this Agreement terminate or are permanently reduced for any reason (whether by voluntary termination by Borrowers, by reason of the occurrence of an Event of Default or the automatic termination of the Revolving Loan Commitments (including any automatic termination due to the occurrence of an Event of Default described in Section 10.1(f)) or otherwise) prior to the Maturity Date, Borrowers shall pay to Agent on the date of such reduction, for the benefit of all Lenders committed to make Revolving Loans on the Closing Date, a fee as compensation for the costs of such Lenders being prepared to make funds available to Borrowers under this Agreement, equal to an amount determined by multiplying the amount of the Revolving Loan Commitment so terminated or permanently reduced by the following applicable percentage amount: (w) three percent (3.00%) for the first year following the Closing Date, (x) two percent (2.00%) for the second year following the Closing Date, (y) one percent (1.00%) for the third year following the Closing Date, and (z) zero percent (0.00%) thereafter. All fees payable pursuant to this paragraph shall be deemed fully-earned on of the Closing Date and non-refundable once paid.
(i)Prepayment Fee. If any advance under the Term Loan is prepaid at any time, in whole or in part, for any reason (whether by voluntary prepayment by Borrower, by mandatory prepayment by Borrower, by reason of the occurrence of an Event of Default or otherwise, or if the Term Loan shall become accelerated (including any automatic acceleration due to the occurrence of an Event of Default described in Section 10.1(f)) or otherwise) and due and payable in full, Borrowers shall pay to Term Loan Servicer, for the benefit of all Term Lenders in accordance with their Pro Rata Shares, as compensation for the costs of such Lenders making funds available to Borrowers under this Agreement, a prepayment fee (the “Prepayment Fee”) calculated in accordance with this subsection. The Prepayment Fee in respect of the Term Loans shall be equal to an amount determined by multiplying the amount being prepaid (or required to be prepaid, if such amount is greater) by the following applicable percentage amount: (w) three percent (3.00%) for the first year following the Closing Date, (x) two percent (2.00%) for the second year following the Closing Date, (y) one percent (1.00%) for the third year following the Closing Date, and (z) zero percent (0.00%) thereafter. The Prepayment Fee shall not apply to or be assessed upon any prepayment made by Borrowers if such payments were required by Agent to be made pursuant to Section 2.1(a)(ii)(B) subpart (i) (relating to Casualty Proceeds), or subpart (iii) (relating to payments exceeding the Maximum Lawful Rate). All fees payable pursuant to this paragraph shall be deemed fully earned as of the Closing Date and non-refundable once paid.
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(j)Audit Fees. Borrowers shall pay to Agent, for its own account and not for the benefit of any other Lenders, all reasonable and documented, out-of-pocket fees and expenses in connection with audits and inspections of Borrowers’ books and records, audits, valuations or appraisals of the Collateral, audits of Borrowers’ compliance with applicable Laws and such other matters as Agent shall deem appropriate, which shall be due and payable on the first Business Day of the month following the date of issuance by Agent of a written request for payment thereof to Borrowers, subject to the limitations set forth in Section 4.6 (in the case of audits and field examinations) and Section 4.14(c) (in the case of valuations or appraisals of the Collateral).
(k)Wire Fees. Borrowers shall pay to Agent or Term Loan Servicer, for its own account and not for the account of any other Lenders, on written demand, fees for incoming and outgoing wires made for the account of Borrowers, such fees to be based on Agent’s or Term Loan Servicer’s, as applicable, then current wire fee schedule (available upon written request of the Borrowers).
(l)[Reserved].
(m)Computation of Interest and Related Fees. All interest and fees under each Financing Document shall be calculated on the basis of a 360-day year for the actual number of days elapsed. The date of funding of a Loan shall be included in the calculation of interest. The date of payment of a Loan shall be excluded from the calculation of interest. If a Loan is repaid on the same day that it is made, one (1) day’s interest shall be charged.
(n)Automated Clearing House Payments. If Agent or Term Loan Servicer (or their respective designated servicers or trustees on behalf of a securitization vehicle) so elects, monthly payments of principal, interest, fees, expenses or any other amounts due and owing from Borrower to Agent or Term Loan Servicer hereunder shall be paid to Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, by Automated Clearing House debit of immediately available funds from the financial institution account designated by Borrower Representative in the Automated Clearing House debit authorization executed by Borrowers or Borrower Representative in connection with this Agreement, and shall be effective upon receipt. Borrowers shall execute any and all forms and documentation necessary from time to time to effectuate such automatic debiting. In no event shall any such payments be refunded to Borrowers.
(o)Benchmark Replacement Setting; Conforming Changes.
(i)Upon the occurrence of a Benchmark Transition Event, Agent and Borrowers may amend this Agreement to replace the then-current Benchmark with a Benchmark Replacement. Any such amendment will become effective at 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the fifth (5th) Business Day after Agent has posted such proposed amendment to all Lenders and Borrower so long as Agent has not received, by such time, written notice of objection thereto from Lenders comprising the Required Lenders. No such replacement will occur prior to the applicable Benchmark Transition Start Date. In connection with the implementation of a Benchmark Replacement, Agent will have the right to make Conforming Changes from time to time and, notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein or in any other Financing Document, any amendments implementing such Conforming Changes will become effective without any further action or consent of any other party to this Agreement or any other Financing Document. Agent will promptly notify Borrower Representative and the Lenders of the implementation of any Benchmark Replacement and the effectiveness of any Conforming Changes.
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(ii)Any determination, decision or election that may be made by Agent or, if applicable, any Lender (or group of Lenders) pursuant to this Section will be conclusive and binding absent manifest error and may be made in its or their sole discretion and without consent from any other party to this Agreement or any other Financing Document, except, in each case, as expressly required pursuant to this Section. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein or in any other Financing Document, at any time, (a) if the then-current Benchmark is a term rate (including Term SOFR) and either (i) any tenor for such Benchmark is not displayed on a screen or other information service that publishes such rate from time to time as selected by Agent in its reasonable discretion or (ii) the regulatory supervisor for the administrator of such Benchmark has provided a public statement or publication of information announcing that any tenor for such Benchmark is or will be no longer representative, then Agent may modify the definition of “Interest Period” (or any similar or analogous definition) for any Benchmark settings at or after such time to remove such unavailable or non-representative tenor, and (b) if a tenor that was removed pursuant to clause (a) above either (i) is subsequently displayed on a screen or information service for a Benchmark or (ii) is not, or is no longer, subject to an announcement that it is or will no longer be representative for a Benchmark, then Agent may modify the definition of “Interest Period” (or any similar or analogous definition) for all Benchmark settings at or after such time to reinstate such previously removed tenor. Agent will promptly notify Borrower Representative of the removal or reinstatement of any tenor of a Benchmark pursuant to this Section.
(p)Upon Borrower Representative’s receipt of notice of the commencement of a Benchmark Unavailability Period, any outstanding affected Loans will be deemed to have been converted into Base Rate Loans at the end of the applicable Interest Period.
Section 2.3Notes. The portion of the Loans made by each Lender shall be evidenced, if so requested by such Lender, by one or more promissory notes executed by Borrowers on a joint and several basis (each, a “Note”) in an original principal amount equal to such Lender’s Revolving Loan Commitment Amount or Term Loan Commitments.
Section 2.4Reserved.
Section 2.5Reserved.
Section 2.6General Provisions Regarding Payment; Loan Accounts.
(a)All payments to be made by each Credit Party under any Financing Document, including payments of principal and interest made hereunder and pursuant to any other Financing Document, and all fees, expenses, indemnities and reimbursements, shall be made without set-off, recoupment or counterclaim. If any payment hereunder becomes due and payable on a day other than a Business Day, such payment shall be extended to the next succeeding Business Day and, with respect to payments of principal, interest thereon shall be payable at the then applicable rate during such extension (it being understood and agreed that, solely for purposes of calculating financial covenants and computations contained herein and determining compliance therewith, if payment is made, in full, on any such extended due date, such payment shall be deemed to have been paid on the original due date without giving effect to any extension thereto). Any payments received in a Payment Account before 12:00 Noon (Eastern time) on any date shall be deemed received by Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, on such date, and any payments received in the applicable Payment Account at or after 12:00 Noon (Eastern time) on any date shall be deemed received by Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, on the next succeeding Business Day.
(b)Agent shall maintain a revolving loan account (the “Revolving Loan Account”) on its books to record Revolving Loans and other extensions of credit made by the Revolving Lenders hereunder or under any other Financing Document, and all payments thereon made by each Borrower. All entries in the Revolving Loan Account shall be made in accordance with Agent’s customary accounting practices as in effect from time to time. The balance in the Revolving Loan Account, as recorded in Agent’s books and records at any time shall be conclusive and binding evidence of the amounts due and owing to Agent by each Borrower absent manifest error; provided, however, that any failure to so record or any error in so recording shall not limit or otherwise affect any Borrower’s duty to pay all amounts owing hereunder or under any other Financing Document. Agent shall endeavor to provide Borrowers with a monthly statement regarding the Revolving Loan Account (but none of Agent or any Lender shall have any liability if Agent shall fail to provide any such statement). Unless any Borrower notifies Agent of any objection to any such statement (specifically describing the basis for such objection) within ninety (90) days after the date of receipt thereof, it shall be deemed final, binding and conclusive upon Borrowers in all respects as to all matters reflected therein.
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(c)Term Loan Servicer shall maintain a term loan account (the “Term Loan Account”) on its books to record Term Loans and other extensions of credit made by the Term Lenders hereunder or under any other Financing Document, and all payments thereon made by each Borrower. All entries in the Term Loan Account shall be made in accordance with Term Loan Servicer’s customary accounting practices as in effect from time to time. The balance in the Term Loan Account, as recorded in Term Loan Servicer’s books and records at any time shall be conclusive and binding evidence of the amounts due and owing to Term Loan Servicer by each Borrower absent manifest error; provided, however, that any failure to so record or any error in so recording shall not limit or otherwise affect any Borrower’s duty to pay all amounts owing hereunder or under any other Financing Document. Term Loan Servicer shall endeavor to provide Borrowers with a monthly statement regarding the Term Loan Account (but none of Term Loan Servicer or any Lender shall have any liability if Term Loan Servicer shall fail to provide any such statement). Unless any Borrower notifies Term Loan Servicer of any objection to any such statement (specifically describing the basis for such objection) within ninety (90) days after the date of receipt thereof, it shall be deemed final, binding and conclusive upon Borrowers in all respects as to all matters reflected therein.
Section 2.7Maximum Interest. In no event shall the interest charged with respect to the Loans or any other Obligations of any Borrower under any Financing Document exceed the maximum amount permitted under the laws of the State of New York or of any other applicable jurisdiction. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein or elsewhere, if at any time the rate of interest payable hereunder or under any Note or other Financing Document (the “Stated Rate”) would exceed the highest rate of interest permitted under any applicable law to be charged (the “Maximum Lawful Rate”), then for so long as the Maximum Lawful Rate would be so exceeded, the rate of interest payable shall be equal to the Maximum Lawful Rate; provided, however, that if at any time thereafter the Stated Rate is less than the Maximum Lawful Rate, each Borrower shall, to the extent permitted by law, continue to pay interest at the Maximum Lawful Rate until such time as the total interest received is equal to the total interest which would have been received had the Stated Rate been (but for the operation of this provision) the interest rate payable. Thereafter, the interest rate payable shall be the Stated Rate unless and until the Stated Rate again would exceed the Maximum Lawful Rate, in which event this provision shall again apply. In no event shall the total interest received by any Lender exceed the amount which it could lawfully have received had the interest been calculated for the full term hereof at the Maximum Lawful Rate. If, notwithstanding the prior sentence, any Lender has received interest hereunder in excess of the Maximum Lawful Rate, such excess amount shall be applied to the reduction of the principal balance of the Loans or to other amounts (other than interest) payable hereunder, and if no such principal or other amounts are then outstanding, such excess or part thereof remaining shall be paid to Borrowers. In computing interest payable with reference to the Maximum Lawful Rate applicable to any Lender, such interest shall be calculated at a daily rate equal to the Maximum Lawful Rate divided by the number of days in the year in which such calculation is made.
Section 2.8Taxes; Capital Adequacy.
(a)All payments of principal and interest on the Loans and all other amounts payable hereunder shall be made free and clear of and without deduction for any present or future Taxes, except as required by applicable Law. If any applicable Law (as determined in the good faith discretion of an applicable Withholding Agent) requires the deduction or withholding of any Tax from any such payment by a Withholding Agent, then the applicable Withholding Agent shall be entitled to make such deduction or withholding and shall timely pay the full amount deducted or withheld to the relevant Governmental Authority in accordance with applicable Law and if any such withholding or deduction is in respect of an Indemnified Tax, then the Credit Parties shall pay such additional amount or amounts as is necessary to ensure that the net amount actually received by Agent, Term Loan Servicer and each Lender will equal the full amount such recipient would have received had no such withholding or deduction been required (including, without limitation, such withholdings and deductions applicable to additional sums payable under this Section 2.8). After payment of any Tax by a Credit Party to a Governmental Authority pursuant to this Section 2.8, such Credit Party shall promptly forward to Agent and Term Loan Servicer the original or a certified copy of an official receipt, a copy of the return reporting such payment, or other documentation reasonably satisfactory to Agent and Term Loan Servicer evidencing such payment to such authority. Credit Parties shall timely pay to the relevant Governmental Authority in accordance with applicable Law, or at the option of Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, timely reimburse Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable for the payment of, any Other Taxes.
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(b)The Credit Parties shall indemnify Agent, Term Loan Servicer and Lenders, within ten (10) days after demand thereof, for the full amount of any Indemnified Taxes (including Indemnified Taxes imposed or asserted on or attributable to amounts payable under this Section 2.8) payable or paid by Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender or required to be withheld or deducted from a payment to Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender and any expenses arising therefrom or with respect thereto, whether or not such Indemnified Taxes and Other Taxes were correctly or legally imposed or asserted by the relevant Governmental Authority. A certificate in reasonable detail as to the amount of such payment or liability delivered to Borrowers by a Lender (with a copy to Agent and Term Loan Servicer), or by Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, on its own behalf or on behalf of a Lender, shall be conclusive absent manifest error. Agent and Term Loan Servicer shall deliver to the Borrowers, on or prior to the date Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, becomes a party to this Agreement, executed copies of IRS Form W-9 or any successor form certifying as to such party’s entitlement to an exemption from U.S. backup withholding and other applicable forms, certificates or documents prescribed by the IRS or reasonably requested by Borrower Representative. Each of Agent and Term Loan Servicer shall promptly notify Borrowers at any time it determines that any documentation previously delivered to Borrower Representative is no longer valid.
(c)Any Lender that is entitled to an exemption from or reduction of withholding Tax with respect to payments made under any Financing Document shall deliver to Borrower Representative, Agent and Term Loan Servicer, at the time or times prescribed by applicable Law or reasonably requested by Borrower Representative, Agent or Term Loan Servicer, such properly completed and executed documentation reasonably requested by Borrower Representative, Agent or Term Loan Servicer as will permit such payments to be made without withholding or at a reduced rate of withholding. In addition, any Lender, if reasonably requested by Borrower Representative, Agent or Term Loan Servicer, shall deliver such other documentation prescribed by applicable Law or reasonably requested by Borrowers, Agent or Term Loan Servicer as will enable Borrowers, Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, to determine whether or not such Lender is subject to backup withholding or information reporting requirements. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the preceding two sentences, the completion, execution and submission of such documentation (other than such documentation set forth in Sections 2.8(c)(i), 2.8(c)(ii) and 2.8(e) below) shall not be required if in such Lender’s reasonable judgment such completion, execution or submission would subject such Lender to any material unreimbursed cost or expense or would materially prejudice the legal or commercial position of such Lender. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing:
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(i)Each Lender that is not a “United States person” (as such term is defined in Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code) for U.S. federal income Tax purposes (each such Lender a “Foreign Lender”) shall, to the extent permitted by Law, execute and deliver to Borrower Representative, Agent and Term Loan Servicer (in such number of copies as shall be requested by the recipient) on or prior to the date on which such Foreign Lender becomes a Lender under this Agreement (and from time to time thereafter upon the reasonable request of the Borrower Representative, Agent or Term Loan Servicer) whichever of the following is applicable: (A) in the case of a Foreign Lender claiming the benefits of an income tax treaty to which the United States is a party, (x) with respect to payments of interest under any Financing Document, two (2) properly completed and executed originals of United States Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) Forms W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E (or successor form) establishing an exemption from, or reduction of, U.S. federal withholding tax pursuant to the “interest” article of such tax treaty and (y) with respect to any other applicable payments under any Financing Documents, two (2) properly completed and executed originals of IRS Forms W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E (or successor form) establishing an exemption from, or reduction of, U.S. federal withholding tax pursuant to the “business profits” or “other income” article of such tax treaty; (B) two (2) executed originals of IRS Form W-8ECI (or successor form); (C) in the case of a Foreign Lender claiming the benefits of the exemption for portfolio interest under Section 881(c) of the Code, (x) a certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit E-1 to the effect that such Foreign Lender is not a “bank” within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Code, a “10 percent shareholder” of any Borrower within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(B) of the Code, or a “controlled foreign corporation” described in Section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Code (a “U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate”) and (y) two (2) executed originals of IRS Forms W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E (or successor form); (D) to the extent a Foreign Lender is not the beneficial owner, two (2) executed originals of IRS Form W-8IMY, accompanied by IRS Form W-8ECI, IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E (or successor form), a U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit E-2 or Exhibit E-3, IRS Form W-9 (or successor form), and/or other certification documents from each beneficial owner, as applicable; provided that if the Foreign Lender is a partnership and one or more direct or indirect partners of such Foreign Lender are claiming the portfolio interest exemption, such Foreign Lender may provide a U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit E-4 on behalf of each such direct and indirect partner; or (E) other applicable forms, certificates or documents prescribed by the IRS or reasonably requested by the Borrower Representative, Agent or Term Loan Servicer. Each Lender agrees that if any form or certification it previously delivered expires or becomes obsolete or inaccurate in any respect, it shall update such form or certification or promptly notify Borrower Representative, Agent and Term Loan Servicer in writing of its legal inability to do so. In addition, to the extent permitted by applicable Law, such forms shall be delivered by each Foreign Lender upon the obsolescence or invalidity of any form previously delivered by such Foreign Lender. Each Foreign Lender shall promptly notify Borrower Representative at any time it determines that it is no longer in a position to provide any previously delivered certificate to Borrower Representative (or any other form of certification adopted by the U.S. taxing authorities for such purpose).
(ii)Each Lender that is a “United States person” (as such term is defined in Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code) for U.S. federal income Tax purposes shall, to the extent permitted by Law, provide to Borrower Representative, Agent and Term Loan Servicer on or prior to the date on which such Lender becomes a Lender under this Agreement (and from time to time thereafter upon the reasonable request of the Borrower Representative, Term Loan Servicer or Agent), a properly completed and executed IRS Form W-9 or any successor form certifying as to such Lender’s entitlement to an exemption from U.S. backup withholding and other applicable forms, certificates or documents prescribed by the IRS or reasonably requested by Borrower Representative, Term Loan Servicer or Agent. Each such Lender shall promptly notify Borrowers at any time it determines that any certificate previously delivered to Borrower Representative (or any other form of certification adopted by the U.S. governmental authorities for such purposes) is no longer valid.
(iii)Any Foreign Lender shall, to the extent it is legally entitled to do so, deliver to Borrower Representative, Agent and Term Loan Servicer (in such number of copies as shall be requested by the recipient) on or prior to the date on which such Foreign Lender becomes a Lender under this Agreement (and from time to time thereafter upon the reasonable request of the Borrower Representative, Term Loan Servicer or Agent), executed copies of any other form prescribed by applicable Law as a basis for claiming exemption from or a reduction in U.S. Federal withholding Tax, duly completed, together with such supplementary documentation as may be prescribed by applicable Law to permit Borrowers, Agent or Term Loan Servicer to determine the withholding or deduction required to be made.
(d)If any Lender, Agent or Term Loan Servicer determines, in its reasonable discretion, that it has received a refund in respect of any Taxes as to which it has been indemnified by any Borrower pursuant to this Section 2.8 (including by the payment of additional amounts pursuant to this Section 2.8), then it shall promptly pay an amount equal to such refund to Borrowers, net of all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses of such Lender or of Agent or Term Loan Servicer with respect thereto, including any Taxes, and without interest (other than any interest paid by the relevant Governmental Authority with respect to such refund); provided, however, that Borrowers, upon the written request of such Lender, Agent or Term Loan Servicer, agree to repay any amount paid over to Borrowers to such Lender or to Agent or Term Loan Servicer (plus any related penalties, interest or other charges imposed by the relevant Governmental Authority) in the event such Lender, Agent or Term Loan Servicer is required to repay such refund to such Governmental Authority. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 2.8, in no event will the indemnified party be required to pay any amount to an indemnifying party pursuant to this Section 2.8(d) the payment of which would place the indemnified party in a less favorable net after-Tax position than the indemnified party would have been in if the Tax subject to indemnification and giving rise to such refund had not been deducted, withheld or otherwise imposed and the indemnification payments or additional amounts with respect to such Tax had never been paid. This Section 2.8 shall not be construed to require any indemnified party to make available its Tax returns (or any other information relating to its Taxes that it deems confidential) to the indemnifying party or any other Person.
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(e)If a payment made to a Lender under any Financing Document would be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax imposed by FATCA if such Lender were to fail to comply with the applicable reporting requirements of FATCA (including those contained in Section 1471(b) or 1472(b) of the Code, as applicable), such Lender shall deliver to Borrower Representative, Agent and Term Loan Servicer at the time or times prescribed by Law and at such time or times reasonably requested by Borrower Representative, Agent or Term Loan Servicer such documentation prescribed by applicable Law (including as prescribed by Section 1471(b)(3)(C)(i) of the Code) and such additional documentation reasonably requested by Borrower Representative, Agent or Term Loan Servicer as may be necessary for Borrowers, Agent and Term Loan Servicer to comply with their obligations under FATCA and to determine that such Lender has complied with such Lender’s obligations under FATCA or to determine the amount to deduct and withhold from such payment. Solely for purposes of this clause (e), “FATCA” shall include any amendments made to FATCA after the date of this Agreement. Each such Lender shall promptly notify Borrowers at any time it determines that any documentation previously delivered to Borrower Representative expires or becomes obsolete or inaccurate in any material respect.
(f)Each Lender shall severally indemnify Agent and Term Loan Servicer, within ten (10) days after demand therefor, for (i) any Indemnified Taxes attributable to such Lender (but only to the extent that any Credit Party has not already indemnified Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, for such Indemnified Taxes and without limiting the obligation of the Credit Parties to do so), (ii) any Taxes attributable to such Lender’s failure to comply with the provisions of Section 11.17 relating to the maintenance of a Participant Register and (iii) any Excluded Taxes attributable to such Lender, in each case, that are payable or paid by Agent or Term Loan Servicer in connection with any Financing Document, and any reasonable expenses arising therefrom or with respect thereto, whether or not such Taxes were correctly or legally imposed or asserted by the relevant Governmental Authority. A certificate as to the amount of such payment or liability delivered to any Lender by Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, shall be conclusive absent manifest error. Each Lender hereby authorizes Agent and Term Loan Servicer to set off and apply any and all amounts at any time owing to such Lender under any Financing Document or otherwise payable by Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, to such Lender from any other source against any amount due to Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, under this paragraph (f).
(g)If any Lender shall reasonably determine that the adoption or taking effect of, or any change in, any applicable Law regarding capital adequacy, in each instance, after the Closing Date, or any change after the Closing Date in the interpretation, administration or application thereof by any Governmental Authority, central bank or comparable agency charged with the interpretation, administration or application thereof, or the compliance by any Lender or any Person controlling such Lender with any request, guideline or directive regarding capital adequacy (whether or not having the force of Law) of any such Governmental Authority, central bank or comparable agency adopted or otherwise taking effect after the Closing Date, has or would have the effect of reducing the rate of return on such Lender’s or such controlling Person’s capital as a consequence of such Lender’s obligations hereunder to a level below that which such Lender or such controlling Person could have achieved but for such adoption, taking effect, change, interpretation, administration, application or compliance (taking into consideration such Lender’s or such controlling Person’s policies with respect to capital adequacy) then from time to time, upon demand by such Lender (which demand shall be accompanied by a certificate setting forth the basis for such demand and a calculation of the amount thereof in reasonable detail, a copy of which shall be furnished to Agent and Term Loan Servicer), Borrowers shall promptly pay to such Lender such additional amount as will compensate such Lender or such controlling Person for such reduction, so long as such amounts have accrued on or after the day which is two hundred seventy (270) days prior to the date on which such Lender first made demand therefor; provided that notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, (i) the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and all requests, rules, guidelines or directives thereunder or issued in connection therewith and (ii) all requests, rules, guidelines or directives promulgated by the Bank for International Settlements, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (or any successor or similar authority) or the United States or foreign regulatory authorities, in each case pursuant to Basel III, shall in each case be deemed to be a “change in applicable Law”, regardless of the date enacted, adopted or issued.
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(h)If any Lender shall reasonably determine that the adoption or taking effect of, or any change in, any applicable Law shall (i) impose, modify or deem applicable any reserve, special deposit, compulsory loan, insurance charge or similar requirement against assets of, deposits with or for the account of, or credit extended or participated in by, any Lender, (ii) subject any Lender to any Tax of any kind whatsoever with respect to this Agreement, or any SOFR Loan made by it, or change the basis of taxation of payments to such Lender in respect thereof (except for (A) Indemnified Taxes, (B) Taxes described in clause (b) through (d) of the definition of Excluded Taxes, and (C) Connection Income Taxes); or (iii) impose on any Lender any other condition, cost or expense affecting this Agreement or SOFR Loans made by such Lender, and the result of any of the foregoing shall be to increase the cost to such Lender of making or maintaining any Loan the interest on which is determined by reference to Term SOFR (or of maintaining its obligation to make any such Loan), or to reduce the amount of any sum received or receivable by such Lender (whether of principal, interest or any other amount) then, upon request of such Lender, the Borrowers will pay to such Lender such additional amount or amounts as will compensate such Lender for such additional costs incurred or reduction suffered.
(i)If any Lender requests compensation under any of the clauses in this Section 2.8, or requires Borrowers to pay any additional amount to any Lender or any Governmental Authority for the account of any Lender pursuant to this Section 2.8, then, upon the written request of Borrower Representative, such Lender shall use reasonable efforts to designate a different lending office for funding or booking its Loans hereunder or to assign its rights and obligations hereunder to another of its offices, branches or affiliates, if, in the reasonable judgment of such Lender, such designation or assignment (i) would eliminate or reduce amounts payable pursuant to this Section 2.8 in the future, (ii) would not subject such Lender to any unreimbursed cost or expense and (iii) would not otherwise be materially disadvantageous to such Lender. Without limitation of the provisions of Section 13.14, each Borrower hereby agrees to pay all reasonable and documented, out-of-pocket costs and expenses incurred by any Lender in connection with any such designation or assignment.
(j)Subject to Section 2.2(o), if Agent determines (which determination shall be conclusive and binding absent manifest error) that Term SOFR cannot be determined pursuant to the definition thereof on or prior to the first day of any Interest Period, Agent will promptly so notify the Borrowers and each Lender. Upon notice thereof by Agent to Borrowers, any obligation of the Lenders to make SOFR Loans shall be suspended until Agent revokes such notice. Upon receipt of such notice, any outstanding affected SOFR Loans will be deemed to have been converted into Base Rate Loans at the end of the applicable Interest Period. Upon any such conversion, Borrower shall also pay any additional amounts required pursuant to this Agreement.
(k)If any Lender determines that any Law has made it unlawful, or that any Governmental Authority has asserted that it is unlawful, for any Lender or its applicable lending office to make, maintain or fund SOFR Loans, or to determine or charge interest rates based upon Term SOFR, then, upon notice thereof by such Lender to Borrowers (through Agent), any obligation of such Lender to make SOFR Loans shall be suspended, in each case until such Lender notifies Agent and Borrower that the circumstances giving rise to such determination no longer exist. Upon receipt of such notice, all SOFR Loans shall become Base Rate Loans. Upon any such conversion, Borrower shall also pay any additional amounts required pursuant to this Agreement.
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(l)Each party’s obligations under this Section 2.8 shall survive the resignation or replacement of Agent or Term Loan Servicer or any assignment of rights by, or the replacement of, a Lender and the repayment, satisfaction or discharge of all Obligations hereunder.
Section 2.9Appointment of Borrower Representative.
(a)Each Borrower hereby irrevocably appoints and constitutes Borrower Representative as its agent and attorney-in-fact to request and receive Loans in the name or on behalf of such Borrower and any other Borrowers, deliver Notices of Borrowing and Borrowing Base Certificates give instructions with respect to the disbursement of the proceeds of the Loans , giving and receiving all other notices and consents hereunder or under any of the other Financing Documents and taking all other actions (including in respect of compliance with covenants) in the name or on behalf of any Borrower or Borrowers pursuant to this Agreement and the other Financing Documents. Agent, Term Loan Servicer and Lenders may disburse the Loans to such bank account of Borrower Representative or a Borrower or otherwise make such Loans to a Borrower, in each case as Borrower Representative may designate or direct, without notice to any other Borrower. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, may at any time and from time to time require that Loans to or for the account of any Borrower be disbursed directly to an operating account of such Borrower.
(b)Borrower Representative hereby accepts the appointment by Borrowers to act as the agent and attorney-in-fact of Borrowers pursuant to this Section 2.9. Borrower Representative shall ensure that the disbursement of any Loans that are at any time requested by or to be remitted to or for the account of a Borrower, shall be remitted or issued to or for the account of such Borrower.
(c)Each Borrower hereby irrevocably appoints and constitutes Borrower Representative as its agent to receive statements on account and all other notices from Agent, Term Loan Servicer and the Lenders with respect to the Obligations or otherwise under or in connection with this Agreement and the other Financing Documents.
(d)Any notice, election, representation, warranty, agreement or undertaking made or delivered by or on behalf of any Borrower by Borrower Representative shall be deemed for all purposes to have been made or delivered by such Borrower, as the case may be, and shall be binding upon and enforceable against such Borrower to the same extent as if made or delivered directly by such Borrower.
(e)No resignation by or termination of the appointment of Borrower Representative as agent and attorney-in-fact as aforesaid shall be effective, except after ten (10) Business Days’ prior written notice to Agent and Term Loan Servicer. If the Borrower Representative resigns under this Agreement, Borrowers shall be entitled to appoint a successor Borrower Representative (which shall be a Borrower and shall be reasonably acceptable to Agent and Term Loan Servicer as such successor). Upon the acceptance of its appointment as successor Borrower Representative hereunder, such successor Borrower Representative shall succeed to all the rights, powers and duties of the retiring Borrower Representative and the term “Borrower Representative” means such successor Borrower Representative for all purposes of this Agreement and the other Financing Documents, and the retiring or terminated Borrower Representative’s appointment, powers and duties as Borrower Representative shall be thereupon terminated.
Section 2.10Joint and Several Liability; Rights of Contribution; Subordination and Subrogation.
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(a)Borrowers are defined collectively to include all Persons named as one of the Borrowers herein; provided, however, that any references herein to “any Borrower”, “each Borrower” or similar references, shall be construed as a reference to each individual Person named as one of the Borrowers herein. Each Person so named shall be jointly and severally liable for all of the obligations of Borrowers under this Agreement. Each Borrower, individually, expressly understands, agrees and acknowledges, that the credit facilities would not be made available on the terms herein in the absence of the collective credit of all of the Persons named as the Borrowers herein, the joint and several liability of all such Persons, and the cross-collateralization of the collateral of all such Persons. Accordingly, each Borrower individually acknowledges that the benefit to each of the Persons named as one of the Borrowers as a whole constitutes reasonably equivalent value, regardless of the amount of the credit facilities actually borrowed by, advanced to, or the amount of collateral provided by, any individual Borrower. In addition, each entity named as one of the Borrowers herein hereby acknowledges and agrees that all of the representations, warranties, covenants, obligations, conditions, agreements and other terms contained in this Agreement shall be applicable to and shall be binding upon and measured and enforceable individually against each Person named as one of the Borrowers herein as well as all such Persons when taken together. By way of illustration, but without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the terms of Section 10.1 of this Agreement are to be applied to each individual Person named as one of the Borrowers herein (as well as to all such Persons taken as a whole), such that the occurrence of any of the events described in Section 10.1 of this Agreement as to any Person named as one of the Borrowers herein shall constitute an Event of Default even if such event has not occurred as to any other Persons named as the Borrowers or as to all such Persons taken as a whole.
(b)Notwithstanding any provisions of this Agreement to the contrary, it is intended that the joint and several nature of the liability of each Borrower for the Obligations and the Liens granted by Borrowers to secure the Obligations, not constitute a Fraudulent Conveyance (as defined below). Consequently, Agent, Term Loan Servicer, Lenders and each Borrower agree that if the liability of a Borrower for the Obligations, or any Liens granted by such Borrower securing the Obligations would, but for the application of this sentence, constitute a Fraudulent Conveyance, the liability of such Borrower and the Liens securing such liability shall be valid and enforceable only to the maximum extent that would not cause such liability or such Lien to constitute a Fraudulent Conveyance, and the liability of such Borrower and this Agreement shall automatically be deemed to have been amended accordingly. For purposes hereof, the term “Fraudulent Conveyance” means a fraudulent conveyance under Section 548 of Chapter 11 of Title II of the Bankruptcy Code or a fraudulent conveyance or fraudulent transfer under the applicable provisions of any fraudulent conveyance or fraudulent transfer law or similar law of any state, nation or other governmental unit, as in effect from time to time.
(c)Agent is hereby authorized, without notice or demand (except as otherwise specifically required under this Agreement) and without affecting the liability of any Borrower hereunder, at any time and from time to time, to (i) renew, extend or otherwise increase the time for payment of the Obligations; (ii) with the written agreement of any Borrower, change the terms relating to the Obligations or otherwise modify, amend or change the terms of any Note or other agreement, document or instrument now or hereafter executed by any Borrower and delivered to Agent for any Lender; (iii) accept partial payments of the Obligations; (iv) take and hold any Collateral for the payment of the Obligations or for the payment of any guaranties of the Obligations and exchange, enforce, waive and release any such Collateral; (v) apply any such Collateral and direct the order or manner of sale thereof as Agent, in its reasonable discretion, may determine; and (vi) settle, release, compromise, collect or otherwise liquidate the Obligations and any Collateral therefor in any manner, all guarantor and surety defenses being hereby waived by each Borrower. Except as specifically provided in this Agreement or any of the other Financing Documents, Agent shall have the exclusive right to determine the time and manner of application of any payments or credits, whether received from any Borrower or any other source, and such determination shall be binding on all Borrowers. All such payments and credits may be applied, reversed and reapplied, in whole or in part, to any of the Obligations that Agent shall determine, in its reasonable discretion, without affecting the validity or enforceability of the Obligations of any other Borrower.
(d)Each Borrower hereby agrees that, except as hereinafter provided, its obligations hereunder shall be unconditional, irrespective of (i) the absence of any attempt to collect the Obligations from any obligor or other action to enforce the same; (ii) the waiver or consent by Agent with respect to any provision of any instrument evidencing the Obligations, or any part thereof, or any other agreement heretofore, now or hereafter executed by a Borrower and delivered to Agent; (iii) failure by Agent to take any steps to perfect and maintain its security interest in, or to preserve its rights to, any security or collateral for the Obligations; (iv) the institution of any proceeding under the Bankruptcy Code, or any similar proceeding, by or against a Borrower or Agent’s election in any such proceeding of the application of Section 1111(b)(2) of the Bankruptcy Code; (v) any borrowing or grant of a security interest by a Borrower as debtor-in-possession, under Section 364 of the Bankruptcy Code; (vi) the disallowance, under Section 502 of the Bankruptcy Code, of all or any portion of Agent’s claim(s) for repayment of any of the Obligations; or (vii) any other circumstance other than payment in full of the Obligations which might otherwise constitute a legal or equitable discharge or defense of a guarantor or surety.
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(e)Borrowers hereby agree, as between themselves, that to the extent that Agent or Term Loan Servicer, on behalf of Lenders, shall have received from any Borrower any Recovery Amount (as defined below), then the paying Borrower shall have a right of contribution against each other Borrower in an amount equal to such other Borrower’s contributive share of such Recovery Amount; provided, however, that in the event any Borrower suffers a Deficiency Amount (as defined below), then the Borrower suffering the Deficiency Amount shall be entitled to seek and receive contribution from and against the other Borrowers in an amount equal to the Deficiency Amount; and provided, further, that in no event shall the aggregate amounts so reimbursed by reason of the contribution of any Borrower equal or exceed an amount that would, if paid, constitute or result in Fraudulent Conveyance. Until all Obligations have been paid and satisfied in full (other than inchoate indemnification obligations for which no claim has yet been made), no payment made by or for the account of a Borrower including, without limitation, (i) a payment made by such Borrower on behalf of the liabilities of any other Borrower, or (ii) a payment made by any other Guarantor under any Guarantee, shall entitle such Borrower, by subrogation or otherwise, to any payment from such other Borrower or from or out of such other Borrower’s property. The right of each Borrower to receive any contribution under this Section 2.10(e) or by subrogation or otherwise from any other Borrower shall be subordinate in right of payment to the Obligations and such Borrower shall not exercise any right or remedy against such other Borrower or any property of such other Borrower by reason of any performance of such Borrower of its joint and several obligations hereunder, until the Obligations (other than inchoate indemnification obligations for which no claim has yet been made) have been indefeasibly paid and satisfied in full, and no Borrower shall exercise any right or remedy with respect to this Section 2.10(e) until the Obligations (other than inchoate indemnification obligations for which no claim has yet been made) have been indefeasibly paid and satisfied in full. As used in this Section 2.10(e), the term “Recovery Amount” means the amount of proceeds received by or credited to Agent or Term Loan Servicer from the exercise of any remedy of the Lenders under this Agreement or the other Financing Documents, including, without limitation, the sale of any Collateral. As used in this Section 2.10(e), the term “Deficiency Amount” means any amount that is less than the entire amount a Borrower is entitled to receive by way of contribution or subrogation from, but that has not been paid by, the other Borrowers in respect of any Recovery Amount attributable to the Borrower entitled to contribution, until the Deficiency Amount has been reduced to Zero Dollars ($0) through contributions and reimbursements made under the terms of this Section 2.10(e) or otherwise.
Section 2.11Collections and Lockbox Account. At all times on and after the Revolving Loans Start Date:
(a)Borrowers shall maintain one or more lockbox accounts (collectively in the singular, the “Lockbox”) with one or more United States depository institutions reasonably acceptable to Agent (collectively in the singular, the “Lockbox Bank”) (it being agreed that both Silicon Valley Bank and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. shall be deemed acceptable to Agent), subject to the provisions of this Agreement, and shall execute with each Lockbox Bank a Deposit Account Control Agreement and such other agreements related to such Lockbox as Agent may require. Borrowers shall ensure that all collections of Accounts are paid directly from Account Debtors (i) into the Lockbox for deposit into the Lockbox Account and/or (ii) directly into the Lockbox Account; provided, however, that unless Agent shall otherwise direct by written notice to Borrowers, Borrowers shall be permitted to cause Account Debtors who are individuals to pay Accounts directly to Borrowers, which Borrowers shall then administer and apply in the manner required below. All funds deposited into a Lockbox Account shall be transferred (x) during any Cash Dominion Period, into the Revolving Loan Payment Account by the close of each Business Day, or (y) on any Business Day not occurring during a Cash Dominion Period, at the Borrower’s option, into a Borrower operating Deposit Account subject to a Deposit Account Control Agreement.
(b)[Reserved.]
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(c)Notwithstanding anything in any lockbox agreement or Deposit Account Control Agreement to the contrary, Borrowers agree that they shall be liable for any fees and charges in effect from time to time and charged by the Lockbox Bank in connection with the Lockbox, the Lockbox Account, and that Agent shall have no liability therefor. Borrowers hereby indemnify and agree to hold Agent harmless from any and all liabilities, claims, losses and demands whatsoever, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses, arising from or relating to actions of Agent or the Lockbox Bank pursuant to this Section or any lockbox agreement or Deposit Account Control Agreement or similar agreement, except to the extent of such losses arising solely from Agent’s gross negligence or willful misconduct.
(d)During any Cash Dominion Period, Agent shall apply, on a daily basis, all funds transferred into the Revolving Loan Payment Account pursuant to this Section 2.11 to reduce the outstanding Revolving Loans in such order of application as Agent shall elect. If as the result of collections of Accounts pursuant to the terms and conditions of this Section, a credit balance exists with respect to the Revolving Loan Account, such credit balance shall not accrue interest in favor of Borrowers, but Agent shall transfer such funds into an account designated by Borrower Representative for so long as no Event of Default exists.
(e)To the extent that any collections of Accounts or proceeds of other Collateral are not sent directly to the Lockbox or Lockbox Account but are received by any Borrower, such collections shall be held in trust for the benefit of Agent pursuant to an express trust created hereby and promptly (but in any case within two (2) Business Days of receipt) remitted, in the form received, to applicable Lockbox or Lockbox Account. No such funds received by any Borrower shall be commingled with other funds of the Credit Parties.
(f)Borrowers acknowledge and agree that compliance with the terms of this Section is essential, and that Agent and Lenders will suffer immediate and irreparable injury and have no adequate remedy at law, if, at any time following the initial borrowing of Revolving Loans, any Borrower, through acts or omissions, causes or permits Account Debtors to send payments other than to the Lockbox or Lockbox Accounts or if any Borrower fails to promptly deposit collections of Accounts or proceeds of other Collateral in the Lockbox Account as herein required. Accordingly, in addition to all other rights and remedies of Agent and Lenders hereunder, Agent shall have the right to seek specific performance of the Borrowers’ obligations under this Section, and any other equitable relief as Agent may deem necessary or appropriate, and Borrowers waive any requirement for the posting of a bond in connection with such equitable relief.
(g)During any Cash Dominion Period, Borrowers shall not, and Borrowers shall not suffer or permit any Credit Party to, (i) withdraw any amounts from any Lockbox Account, (ii) change the procedures or sweep instructions under the agreements governing any Lockbox Accounts, or (iii) send to or deposit in any Lockbox Account any funds other than payments made with respect to and proceeds of Accounts or other Collateral.
(h)Upon Agent’s written request following the occurrence and during the continuance of a Cash Dominion Event, Borrowers shall promptly (and in any event within 3 Business Days) execute an amendment to the Deposit Account Control Agreement with respect to any Lockbox Account and Lockbox providing that the Lockbox Bank shall wire, or otherwise transfer, in immediately available funds, on a daily basis to the Revolving Loan Payment Account all funds received or deposited into such Lockbox Account.
(i)The Credit Parties shall cooperate with Agent in the identification and reconciliation on a daily basis of all amounts received in or required to be deposited into the Lockbox Accounts. If the Credit Parties fail to comply with this Section 2.11(i) and any such amount cannot be identified or reconciled to the reasonable satisfaction of Agent, Agent may utilize its own staff or, if it deems necessary, engage an outside auditor, in either case at Borrowers’ expense (which in the case of Agent’s own staff shall be in accordance with Agent’s then prevailing customary charges (plus reasonable and documented out-of-pocket expenses)), to make such examination and report as may be necessary to identify and reconcile such amount.
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(j)If any Borrower breaches its obligation to direct payments of the proceeds of the Collateral to the Lockbox Account, Agent, as the irrevocably made, constituted and appointed true and lawful attorney for Borrowers, may, by the signature or other act of any of Agent’s authorized representatives (without requiring any of them to do so), direct any Account Debtor to pay proceeds of the Collateral to Borrowers by directing payment to the Lockbox Account.
(k)Irrespective of whether a Cash Dominion Event has occurred or the Cash Dominion Period is in effect, nothing in this Section 2.11 shall be deemed to limit any of Agent or Lenders remedies following an Event of Default under this Agreement, any Deposit Account Control Agreement or any other Financing Document or under applicable Law.
Section 2.12Termination; Restriction on Termination.
(a)Termination by Lenders. In addition to the rights set forth in Section 10.2, Agent may, and at the direction of Required Lenders shall, terminate this Agreement without notice upon or after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default.
(b)Termination by Borrowers. Upon at least five (5) Business Day’ prior written notice and pursuant to payoff documentation in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Agent, Term Loan Servicer and Lenders, Borrowers may, at their option, terminate this Agreement; provided, however, that no such termination shall be effective until Borrowers have complied with Section 2.12(c) and the Obligations, including the payment of all fees due and owing under any Fee Letter, are paid in full (other than inchoate indemnification obligations for which no claim has yet been made). Any notice of termination given by Borrowers shall be irrevocable unless all Lenders otherwise agree in writing and no Lender shall have any obligation to make any Loans on or after the termination date stated in such notice provided, that any such notice may be revocable if contingent upon the closing of a concurrent transaction the purpose of which is to either consummate a Change in Control or refinance the Obligations in full (and such transaction fails to be consummated or has been delayed). Borrowers may elect to terminate this Agreement in its entirety only. No section of this Agreement or type of Loan available hereunder may be terminated singly.
(c)Effectiveness of Termination. All of the Obligations shall be immediately due and payable upon the Termination Date. All undertakings, agreements, covenants, warranties and representations of the Credit Parties contained in the Financing Documents shall survive any such termination and Agent shall retain its Liens in the Collateral and Agent, Term Loan Servicer and each Lender shall retain all of its rights and remedies under the Financing Documents notwithstanding such termination until all Obligations have been discharged or paid, in full, in immediately available funds, including, without limitation, all Obligations under Section 2.2 and the terms of any Fee Letter resulting from such termination (in each case, other than inchoate indemnification obligations for which no claim has yet been made). Notwithstanding the foregoing or the payment in full of the Obligations, Agent shall not be required to terminate its Liens in the Collateral unless, with respect to any loss or damage Agent may incur as a result of dishonored checks or other items of payment received by Agent from Credit Parties or any Account Debtor and applied to the Obligations, Agent shall have retained cash Collateral or other Collateral for such period of time as Agent, in its Permitted Discretion, may deem necessary to protect Agent and each Lender from any such loss or damage. Upon the payment in full, in cash in immediately available funds, of all Obligations and the termination of the Revolving Loan Commitments and Term Loan Commitments, as Borrower may reasonably request, Agent shall, at Borrower’s sole cost and expense, execute and deliver such documents evidencing the release and termination of the security interest in the Collateral granted under this Agreement and the other Financing Documents pursuant to and in accordance with the terms of any applicable payoff documentation.
Article 3- REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
To induce Agent and Lenders to enter into this Agreement and to make the Loans and other credit accommodations contemplated hereby, each Borrower and each Credit Party party hereto, hereby represents and warrants to Agent and each Lender that:
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Section 3.1Existence and Power. Each Credit Party (a) is an entity as specified on Schedule 3.1, (b) is duly organized, validly existing and, if applicable, in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization specified on Schedule 3.1, (c) has the same legal name as it appears in such Credit Party’s Organizational Documents and an organizational identification number (if any), in each case as specified on Schedule 3.1, (d) has all powers to own its assets and has powers and all Permits necessary or desirable in the operation of its business as presently conducted or as proposed to be conducted, except where the failure to have such powers or Permits would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, and (e) is qualified to do business as a foreign entity in each jurisdiction in which it is required to be so qualified, which jurisdictions as of the Closing Date are specified on Schedule 3.1, except in the case of this clause (e) where the failure to be so qualified could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1, no Credit Party (x) has had, over the five (5) year period preceding the Closing Date, any name other than its current name, or (y) was incorporated or organized under the laws of any jurisdiction other than its current jurisdiction of incorporation or organization.
Section 3.2Organization and Governmental Authorization; No Contravention. The execution, delivery and performance by each Credit Party of the Financing Documents to which it is a party (a) are within its powers, (b) have been duly authorized by all necessary action pursuant to its Organizational Documents, (c) require no further action by or in respect of, or filing with, any Governmental Authority other than (i) recordings, filings and other perfection actions in connection with the Liens granted to Agent under this Agreement or any Security Document and (ii) those obtained or made on or prior to the Closing Date and (d) do not violate, conflict with or cause a breach or a default under (i) any Law applicable to any Credit Party, (ii) any of the Organizational Documents of any Credit Party, or (iii) any agreement or instrument binding upon it, except for such violations, conflicts, breaches or defaults as would not, with respect to this clause (iii), reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
Section 3.3Binding Effect. Each of the Financing Documents to which any Credit Party is a party constitutes a valid and binding agreement or instrument of such Credit Party, enforceable against such Credit Party in accordance with its respective terms, except as the enforceability thereof may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar laws relating to the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally and by general equitable principles. Each Financing Document has been duly executed and delivered by each Credit Party party thereto.
Section 3.4Capitalization. All issued and outstanding Equity Interest of each of the Credit Parties are duly authorized and validly issued, fully paid, nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens other than those in favor of Agent for the benefit of Agent and Lenders, and such equity securities were issued in compliance with all applicable Laws. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.4, as of the Closing Date there are no preemptive or other outstanding rights, options, warrants, conversion rights or similar agreements or understandings for the purchase or acquisition from any Credit Party of any equity securities of any such entity.
Section 3.5Financial Information. All information delivered to Agent and pertaining to the financial condition of any Credit Party fairly in all material respects presents the financial position of such Credit Party as of such date and for such period then ended in conformity with GAAP (and as to unaudited financial statements, subject to normal year-end adjustments and the absence of footnote disclosures). Since December 31, 2024, there has been (a) no material adverse change in the business, operations, properties, or financial condition of the Credit Parties, taken as a whole and (b) no fact, event or circumstance that would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
Section 3.6Litigation. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.6 as of the Closing Date, and except as hereafter disclosed to Agent in writing, there is no Litigation pending against, or to such Borrower’s knowledge threatened in writing against, any Credit Party or any of their Subsidiaries, which, if adversely determined, could reasonably be expected to result in damages or costs to any Credit Party or any of its Subsidiaries of more than One Million Dollars ($1,000,000). There is no Litigation pending in which an adverse decision would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect or which in any manner draws into question the validity of any of the Financing Documents.
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Section 3.7Ownership of Property. Each Borrower and each of its Subsidiaries is the lawful sole owner of, has good and marketable title to and is in lawful possession of, or has valid leasehold interests in, all material properties, accounts and other assets (real or personal, tangible, intangible or mixed) purported or reported to be owned or leased (as the case may be) by such Person, subject only to Permitted Liens.
Section 3.8No Default. No Event of Default, or to such Borrower’s knowledge, Default, has occurred and is continuing. No Credit Party is in breach or default under or with respect to any contract, agreement, lease or other instrument to which it is a party or by which its property is bound or affected, which breach or default would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
Section 3.9Labor Matters. As of the Closing Date, there are no strikes or other labor disputes pending or, to any Borrower’s knowledge, threatened in writing against any Credit Party, which would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Hours worked and payments made to the employees of the Credit Parties have not been in material violation of the Fair Labor Standards Act or any other applicable Law dealing with such matters. All payments due from the Credit Parties, or for which any claim may be made against any of them, on account of wages and employee and retiree health and welfare insurance and other benefits have been paid or accrued as a liability on their books, as the case may be. The consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Financing Documents will not give rise to a right of termination or right of renegotiation on the part of any union under any collective bargaining agreement to which it is a party or by which it is bound, the result of which would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
Section 3.10Investment Company Act. No Credit Party is an “investment company” or a company “controlled” by an “investment company” or a “subsidiary” of an “investment company,” all within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940.
Section 3.11Margin Regulations.
(a)The Credit Parties and their Subsidiaries do not own any stock, partnership interest or other equity securities, except for Permitted Investments. Without limiting the foregoing, the Credit Parties and their Subsidiaries do not own or hold any Margin Stock.
(b)None of the proceeds from the Loans have been or will be used, directly or indirectly, for the purpose of purchasing or carrying any Margin Stock, for the purpose of reducing or retiring any indebtedness which was originally incurred to purchase or carry any Margin Stock or for any other purpose which might cause any of the Loans to be considered a “purpose credit” within the meaning of Regulation T, U or X of the Federal Reserve Board.
Section 3.12Compliance With Laws; Anti-Terrorism Laws.
(a)Each Credit Party is in compliance with the requirements of all applicable Laws, (including all applicable Healthcare Laws), except for such Laws the noncompliance with which would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(b)None of the Credit Parties and, to the knowledge of the Credit Parties, none of their Affiliates (i) is in violation of any Anti-Terrorism Law, (ii) engages in or conspires to engage in any transaction that evades or avoids, or has the purpose of evading or avoiding, or attempts to violate, any of the prohibitions set forth in any Anti-Terrorism Law, (iii) is a Blocked Person, or is controlled by a Blocked Person, (iv) is acting or will act for or on behalf of a Blocked Person, (v) is associated with, or will become associated with, a Blocked Person or (vi) is providing, or will provide, material, financial or technical support or other services to or in support of acts of terrorism of a Blocked Person. No Credit Party nor, to the knowledge of any Credit Party, any of its Affiliates or agents acting or benefiting in any capacity in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, (A) conducts any business or engages in making or receiving any contribution of funds, goods or services directly or indirectly to or for the benefit of any Blocked Person or Sanctioned Country, or (B) deals in, or otherwise engages in any transaction directly or indirectly relating to, any property or
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interest in property blocked pursuant to Executive Order No. 13224, any similar executive order or other Anti-Terrorism Law.
Section 3.13Taxes. All federal and material state, local and other Tax returns, reports and statements required to be filed by or on behalf of each Credit Party have been filed with the appropriate Governmental Authorities in all jurisdictions in which such returns, reports and statements are required to be filed and, except to the extent subject to a Permitted Contest, all Taxes (including real property Taxes) and other charges shown to be due and payable in respect thereof have been timely paid prior to the date on which any fine, penalty, interest, late charge or loss may be added thereto for nonpayment thereof. All federal and material state returns have been filed by each Credit Party for all periods for which returns were due with respect to employee income Tax withholding, social security and unemployment Taxes, and, except to the extent subject to a Permitted Contest, the amounts shown thereon to be due and payable have been paid in full or adequate provisions therefor have been made.
Section 3.14Compliance with ERISA.
(a)Each ERISA Plan (and the related trusts and funding agreements) complies in form and in operation with, has been administered in compliance with, and the terms of each ERISA Plan satisfy, the applicable requirements of ERISA and the Code in all material respects. Each ERISA Plan which is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code is so qualified, and the United States Internal Revenue Service has issued a favorable determination letter with respect to each such ERISA Plan which may be relied on currently. No Credit Party has incurred liability for any material excise tax under any of Sections 4971 through 5000 of the Code with respect to any ERISA Plan, as applicable.
(b)Except as would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect, each Credit Party and each Subsidiary is in compliance with the applicable provisions of ERISA and the provisions of the Code relating to ERISA Plans and the regulations and published interpretations therein. During the thirty-six (36) month period prior to the Closing Date or the making of any Loan (i) no steps have been taken to terminate any Pension Plan, and (ii) no contribution failure has occurred with respect to any Pension Plan sufficient to give rise to a Lien under Section 303(k) of ERISA or Section 430(k) of the Code and no event has occurred that would give rise to a Lien under Section 4068 of ERISA. No condition exists or event or transaction has occurred with respect to any Pension Plan which would result in the incurrence by any Credit Party of any material liability, fine or penalty. No Credit Party has incurred liability to the PBGC (other than for current premiums) with respect to any employee Pension Plan. All contributions (if any) have been made on a timely basis to any Multiemployer Plan that are required to be made by any Credit Party or any other member of the Controlled Group under the terms of the plan or of any collective bargaining agreement or by applicable Law; no Credit Party nor any member of the Controlled Group has withdrawn or partially withdrawn from any Multiemployer Plan, incurred any withdrawal liability with respect to any such plan or received notice of any claim or demand for withdrawal liability or partial withdrawal liability from any such plan, and no condition has occurred which, if continued, could result in a withdrawal or partial withdrawal from any such plan, and no Credit Party nor any member of the Controlled Group has received any notice that any Multiemployer Plan is in reorganization, that increased contributions may be required to avoid a reduction in plan benefits or the imposition of any excise tax, that any such plan is or has been funded at a rate less than that required under Section 412 of the Code, that any such plan is or may be terminated, or that any such plan is or may become insolvent.
Section 3.15Consummation of Financing Documents; Brokers. Except for fees payable to Agent, Term Loan Servicer and/or Lenders, and fees that will be paid by Borrower to Armentum Partners on the Closing Date and date on which the initial advance in respect of the Revolving Loans is made, no broker, finder or other intermediary has brought about the obtaining, making or closing of the transactions contemplated by the Financing Documents, and no Credit Party has or will have any obligation to any Person in respect of any finder’s or brokerage fees, commissions or other expenses in connection herewith or therewith.
Section 3.16[Reserved].
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Section 3.17Material Contracts. Except for the agreements set forth on Schedule 3.17, as of the Closing Date there are no Material Contracts. The consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Financing Documents will not give rise to a right of termination in favor of any party to any Material Contract (other than any Credit Party), except for such Material Contracts the noncompliance with which would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
Section 3.18Compliance with Environmental Requirements; No Hazardous Materials. Except in each case as set forth on Schedule 3.18:
(a)no notice, notification, demand, request for information, citation, summons, complaint or order has been issued, no complaint has been filed, no penalty has been assessed and no investigation or review is pending, or to such Credit Party’s knowledge, threatened in writing by any Governmental Authority or other Person with respect to any (i) alleged violation by any Credit Party of any Environmental Law, (ii) alleged failure by any Credit Party to have any Permits required in connection with the conduct of its business or to comply with the terms and conditions thereof, (iii) any generation, treatment, storage, recycling, transportation or disposal of any Hazardous Materials, or (iv) release of Hazardous Materials, in each case except where the failure to obtain such document would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and
(b)no property now owned or leased by any Credit Party and, to the knowledge of each Credit Party, no such property previously owned or leased by any Credit Party, to which any Credit Party has, directly or indirectly, transported or arranged for the transportation of any Hazardous Materials in violation of applicable Law, is listed or, to such Credit Party’s knowledge, proposed for listing, on the National Priorities List promulgated pursuant to CERCLA, or CERCLIS (as defined in CERCLA) or any similar state list or is the subject of federal, state or local enforcement actions or, to the knowledge of such Credit Party, other investigations which may lead to claims against any Credit Party for clean-up costs, remedial work, damage to natural resources or personal injury claims, including, without limitation, claims under CERCLA, which claims would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
For purposes of this Section 3.18, each Credit Party shall be deemed to include any business or business entity (including a corporation) that is, in whole or in part, a predecessor of such Credit Party.
Section 3.19Intellectual Property and License Agreements. A list of all Registered Intellectual Property of each Credit Party and all material in-bound license or sublicense agreements, and exclusive out-bound license or sublicense agreements (but, in each case, excluding in-bound licenses of over-the-counter and other software that is commercially available to the public and open source licenses in the Ordinary Course of Business), as of the Closing Date and, as updated pursuant to Section 4.15, is set forth on Schedule 3.19. Except for Permitted Licenses and Permitted Liens, each Credit Party is the sole owner of its material Intellectual Property free and clear of any Liens. Except as would not be reasonably expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, (a) each material patent owned or licensed by any Credit Party is valid and enforceable in all material respects, (b) no part of the Material Intangible Assets owned or exclusively licensed by any Credit Party has been finally adjudged to be invalid or unenforceable, in whole or in part, and (c) no claim has been made that any part of the Intellectual Property owned by any Credit Party violates the rights of any third party in any material respect.
Section 3.20Solvency. After giving effect to the Loan advance and the liabilities and obligations of each Credit Party under the Financing Documents, the Credit Parties, on a consolidated basis, are Solvent.
Section 3.21Full Disclosure. None of the written information (financial or otherwise) furnished by or on behalf of any Credit Party to Agent or any Lender in connection with the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Financing Documents (in each case, as modified or supplemented by other information so furnished), contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state a material fact necessary to make the statements contained herein or therein not misleading in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made. All financial projections delivered to Agent and the Lenders by Credit Parties (or their agents) have been prepared on the basis of good faith estimates, and assumptions (including those stated therein).
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Such projections represent each Credit Party’s best estimate of such Credit Party’s future financial performance and such assumptions are believed by such Credit Party to be fair and reasonable at the time made and in light of current business conditions; provided, however, that Credit Parties can give no assurance that such projections will be attained; provided, further that Agent and each Lender acknowledges and agrees that projections as to future events are not to be viewed as facts and that the actual results during the period or periods covered by such projections may differ from the projected results.
Section 3.22Reserved.
Section 3.23Subsidiaries. Credit Parties do not own any stock, partnership interests, limited liability company interests or other equity securities or Subsidiaries except for Permitted Investments.
Section 3.24Accuracy of Schedules. All information set forth in the Schedules to this Agreement is true, accurate and complete in all material respects as of the Closing Date. All information set forth in the Perfection Certificate is true, accurate and complete in all material respects as of the Closing Date and any other subsequent date in which Borrower is required to update such certificate.
Section 3.25Eligible Account; Eligible Inventory.
(a)As to each Account that is identified by Borrowers as an Eligible Account in a Borrowing Base Certificate submitted to Agent, such Account is (i) a bona fide existing payment obligation of the applicable Account Debtor created by the sale and delivery of Inventory or the rendition of services to such Account Debtor in the Ordinary Course of Business of the applicable Borrower, (ii) owed to the applicable Borrower without any known defenses, disputes, offsets, counterclaims, or rights of cancellation, and (iii) not excluded as ineligible by virtue of one or more of the excluding criteria set forth in the definition of “Eligible Account”.
(b)As to each item of Inventory that is identified by the applicable Borrowers as Eligible Inventory in a Borrowing Base Certificate submitted to Agent, such Inventory is (a) of good and merchantable quality, free from known defects, (b) not excluded as ineligible by virtue of one or more of the excluding criteria (set forth in the definition of “Eligible Inventory”), and (c) otherwise constitutes “Eligible Inventory” under such definition.
Section 3.26Regulatory Matters.
(a)All of Credit Parties’ and their Subsidiaries’ material Products and material Regulatory Required Permits (limited to those Regulatory Required Permits the loss of which would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect) are listed on Schedule 4.17 on the Closing Date. With respect to each material Product, (i) the Credit Parties and their Subsidiaries have received, and such Product is the subject of, all Regulatory Required Permits needed in connection with the testing, manufacture, marketing or sale of such Product as currently being conducted by or on behalf of the Credit Parties, and have provided Agent with all notices and other information required by Section 4.1, and (ii) such Product is being tested, manufactured, marketed or sold, as the case may be, by Credit Parties (or to the Credit Parties’ knowledge, by any applicable third parties) in material compliance with all applicable Laws and Regulatory Required Permits.
(b)None of the Credit Parties or any Subsidiary thereof are in violation of any Healthcare Law in any material respect.
(c)To the Credit Parties’ knowledge (after reasonable inquiry), none of the Credit Parties or their Subsidiaries’ officers, directors, employees, shareholders, their agents or affiliates has made an untrue statement of material fact or fraudulent statement to the FDA or failed to disclose a material fact required to be disclosed to the FDA, committed an act, made a statement, or failed to make a statement that could reasonably be expected to provide a basis for the FDA to invoke its policy respecting “Fraud, Untrue Statements of Material Facts, Bribery, and Illegal Gratuities,” set forth in 56 Fed. Reg. 46191 (September 10, 1991).
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(d)Except as would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, each Product (i) has been manufactured, imported, warehoused, promoted, sold, labeled, distributed and marketed in accordance with all applicable Permits and Laws; and (ii) has been manufactured in accordance with Good Manufacturing Practices.
(e)No Credit Party, nor any Subsidiary thereof, is subject to any proceeding, suit or, to any Credit Party’s knowledge, investigation by any federal, state or local government or quasi-governmental body, agency, board or authority or any other administrative or investigative body (including the Office of the Inspector General of the United States Department of Health and Human Services), which could reasonably be expected to result in the revocation, transfer, surrender or suspension of any material Permits of Borrower or any Subsidiary thereof or otherwise be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(f)As of the Closing Date, there have been no Regulatory Reporting Events.
Section 3.27Senior Indebtedness Status. The Obligations of each Credit Party under this Agreement and each of the other Financing Documents ranks and shall continue to rank at least senior in priority of payment to all Debt that is contractually subordinated to the Obligations of each such Person under this Agreement and is designated as “Senior Indebtedness” (or an equivalent term) under all instruments and documents, now or in the future, relating to all Debt that is contractually subordinated to the Obligations under this Agreement of each such Person.
Article 4- AFFIRMATIVE COVENANTS
Each Credit Party agrees that:
Section 4.1Financial Statements, Other Reports and Notices. The Credit Parties will deliver to Agent:
(a)as soon as available, but no later than (x) five (5) Business Days after the SEC filing deadline for Form 10-Q reports for each of the first three fiscal quarters of each fiscal year and (y) fifty (50) days after the end of such fiscal quarter, a company prepared consolidated balance sheet, cash flow and income statement (including year-to-date results) covering Credit Parties’ and their Consolidated Subsidiaries’ consolidated operations during the period, prepared in all material respects in accordance with GAAP (subject to normal year-end adjustment and the absence of footnote disclosures), consistently applied, setting forth in comparative form the corresponding figures as at the end of the corresponding quarter of the previous fiscal year, all in reasonable detail, certified by a Responsible Officer and in a form reasonably acceptable to Agent;
(b)as soon as available, but no later than the earlier of (i) five (5) Business Days after the SEC filing deadline for Form 10-K reports with respect to Credit Party’s fiscal year and (ii) ninety-five (95) days after the last day of Borrower’s fiscal year, audited consolidated financial statements prepared in all material respects in accordance with GAAP, consistently applied, together with an unqualified opinion (other than a going concern qualification based solely on (i) the upcoming maturity date of the Debt under this Agreement occurring within 12 months of the date of such audit or (ii) anticipated breach of any financial covenant) on the financial statements from PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP or another firm of independent certified public accountants of recognized national standing reasonably acceptable to the Lenders; provided, that any of the “big four” accounting firms shall be reasonably acceptable to the Lenders;
(c)in the event that such Credit Party is or becomes subject to the reporting requirements under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, within ten (10) days of delivery or filing thereof, copies of all statements, reports and notices made available to such Credit Party’s security holders and copies of all reports and other filings made by such Credit Party with any stock exchange on which any securities of any Credit Party are traded and/or the SEC;
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(d)a prompt, but in no event later than when the next Compliance Certificate is required to be delivered, written report of any legal actions pending or threatened in writing against any Credit Party or any of its Subsidiaries that could reasonably be expected to result in damages or costs to any Credit Party or any of its Subsidiaries of One Million Dollars ($1,000,000) or more or that would be reasonably expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect;
(e)prompt written notice of an event that materially and adversely affects the value of any Material Intangible Asset;
(f)within forty five (45) days after the start of each fiscal year, projections for the forthcoming fiscal year, presented on a quarterly basis;
(g)promptly (but in any event within ten (10) days of any request therefor) such readily available other budgets, sales projections, operating plans and other financial information and information, reports or statements regarding the Credit Parties, their business and the Collateral as Agent may from time to time reasonably request;
(h)together with each delivery of financial statements pursuant to clause (a) above, deliver to Agent a duly completed Compliance Certificate signed by a Responsible Officer;
(i)within fifteen (15) Business Days of the end of each month, a certificate signed by a Responsible Officer (the “Monthly Cash and Revenue Certificate”) setting forth (i) Credit Party Unrestricted Cash and Liquidity of the Credit Parties as of the last day of the month for which such Monthly Cash and Revenue Certificate is delivered, (ii) a certification that the Credit Parties were, at all times during the month for which such Monthly Cash and Revenue Certificate was delivered, in compliance with the minimum liquidity covenant set forth in Section 6.2 (to the extent applicable), (iii) the cash and Cash Equivalents of (w) Borrowers, (x) Credit Parties taken as a whole, and (y) the Restricted Foreign Subsidiaries, as of the last day of the month for which such Monthly Cash and Revenue Certificate is delivered, and (iv) the Net RNS Systems Revenue for the trailing twelve month period ending on the last day of the month for which such Monthly Cash and Revenue Certificate is delivered;
(j)within ten (10) days after the last day of each month occurring after the Revolving Loans Start Date, deliver to Agent a duly completed Borrowing Base Certificate signed by a Responsible Officer, with aged listings of accounts receivable (by invoice date);
(k)written notice to Agent promptly, but in any event within ten (10) Business Days of a Responsible Officer of a Credit Party receiving written notice or otherwise becoming aware that:
(i)any development, testing, and/or manufacturing of any Product that is material to the Credit Parties’ or their Subsidiaries business should cease;
(ii)the marketing or sales of a Product, which is material to the Credit Parties’ or their Subsidiaries’ business and which has been approved for marketing and sale, should cease (or be required to cease) or such Product should be withdrawn from the marketplace;
(iii)any Governmental Authority is conducting an investigation or review (other than routine reviews in the Ordinary Course of Business) of any Regulatory Required Permit the loss of which would be reasonably expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect;
(iv)any Regulatory Required Permit, the loss of which would be reasonably expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, has been revoked or withdrawn;
(v)any Governmental Authority, including without limitation the FDA, the Office of the Inspector General of HHS or the United States Department of Justice, has commenced any action against a Credit Party or a Subsidiary thereof, any action to enjoin a Credit Party or a Subsidiary thereof from conducting their businesses at any facility owned or used by them or for any material civil penalty, injunction, seizure or criminal action;
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(vi)receipt by a Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof, or any material contract manufacturer for the Credit Parties or any of their Subsidiaries, from the FDA a warning letter or other correspondence or notice setting forth alleged violations of laws and regulations enforced by the FDA with regard to any material Product or the manufacture, processing, packing, or holding thereof;
(vii)any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof receives any payments directly (including through any third party payment processor) from Medicare, Medicaid, or TRICARE;
(viii)any significant failures in the manufacturing of any material Product have occurred such that the amount of such Product successfully manufactured in accordance with all specifications thereof and the required payments to be made to any Credit Party or any Subsidiary therefor in any month shall decrease significantly with respect to the quantities of such Product and payments produced in the prior month; or
(ix)any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof engaging in any Recalls, Market Withdrawals, or other forms of product retrieval from the marketplace of any Products (other than discrete batches or lots that are not material in quantity or amount and are not made in conjunction with a larger recall) (each of the events set forth in clauses (i)-(ix) a “Regulatory Reporting Event”);
(l)promptly after the request by any Lender, all documentation and other information that such Lender reasonably requests in order to comply with its ongoing obligations under applicable “know your customer” and anti-money laundering rules and regulations, including, without limitation, the USA PATRIOT Act; and
(m)promptly, but in any event within five (5) Business Days, after any Responsible Officer of any Credit Party obtains knowledge of the occurrence of any event or change (which may include, without limitation, any notice of any violation of applicable Healthcare Laws) that has resulted or would reasonably be expected to result in, either in any case or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect, a certificate of a Responsible Officer specifying the nature and period of existence of any such event or change, or specifying the notice given or action taken by such holder or Person and the nature of such event or change, and what action the applicable Credit Party or Subsidiary has taken, is taking or proposes to take with respect thereto.
(n)Any disclosure, notice or delivery obligations set forth in Section 4.1(a), (b), (c) and (g), may be satisfied with respect to information filed by NeuroPace with any securities exchange or with the SEC or any analogous governmental or private regulatory authority with jurisdiction over matters relating to securities (including Form 10-Q Reports and Form 10-K reports) and shall be deemed to have been delivered on the date on which such items have been made publicly available on the SEC website or the website of the relevant analogous governmental or private regulatory authority or securities exchange (including, for the avoidance of doubt, by way of “EDGAR”) and Borrower Representative posts such documents, or provides a link thereto, on Borrower Representative’s website on the Internet at Borrower Representative’s website address.
Section 4.2Payment and Performance of Obligations.
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Each Credit Party (a) will pay and discharge, and cause each Subsidiary to pay and discharge, on a timely basis as and when due, all of their respective obligations and liabilities, except for such obligations and/or liabilities (i) that may be the subject of a Permitted Contest, and (ii) the nonpayment or nondischarge of which would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect or result in a Lien against any Collateral, except for Permitted Liens, (b) without limiting anything contained in the foregoing clause (a), pay all amounts due and owing in respect of (i) all federal Taxes (including without limitation, payroll and withholdings Tax liabilities) and (ii) all material foreign and state Taxes and other local Taxes (including without limitation, payroll and withholdings Tax liabilities), in each case, on a timely basis as and when due, and in any case prior to the date on which any fine, penalty, interest, late charge or loss may be added thereto for nonpayment thereof, and in each case, except for such Taxes that may be the subject of a Permitted Contest, (c) will maintain, and cause each Subsidiary to maintain, in accordance with GAAP, appropriate reserves for the accrual of all of their respective obligations and liabilities, and (d) will not breach or permit any Subsidiary to breach, or permit to exist any default under, the terms of any lease, commitment, contract, instrument or obligation to which it is a party, or by which its properties or assets are bound, except for such breaches or defaults which could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
Section 4.3Maintenance of Existence. Subject to Section 5.6, each Credit Party will preserve, renew and keep in full force and effect and, if applicable, in good standing, and will cause each Subsidiary to preserve, renew and keep in full force and effect and in good standing, (a) their respective existence and (b) their respective rights, privileges and franchises necessary or desirable in the normal conduct of business, unless, solely in the case of this clause (b), a failure to do so would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
Section 4.4Maintenance of Property; Insurance.
(a)Each Credit Party will keep, and will cause each Subsidiary to keep, all property useful and necessary in its business in good working order and condition in all material respects, ordinary wear and tear and casualty events excepted.
(b)Each Credit Party will maintain (i) casualty insurance on all personal property and, solely to the extent the Credit Parties own real property (it being understood that they do not as of the Closing Date), real property, in each case on a broad form basis per the property policy terms and conditions, (ii) general liability insurance (including products/completed operations liability coverage), and (iii) such other insurance coverage, in each case (i)) through (iii)) against loss or damage of the kinds customarily insured against by Persons engaged in the same or similar business, of such types and in such amounts as are customarily carried under similar circumstances by such other Persons; provided, however, that, in no event shall such insurance be in amounts or with coverage less than, or with carriers with qualifications inferior to, any of the insurance or carriers in existence as of the Closing Date (or required to be in existence after the Closing Date under a Financing Document).
(c)On or prior to the Closing Date, and at all times thereafter, each Credit Party will cause Agent to be named as an additional insured and lender loss payee (which shall include, as applicable, identification as mortgagee), as applicable, on each insurance policy required to be maintained pursuant to this Section 4.4 pursuant to endorsements in form and substance acceptable to Agent. Credit Parties shall deliver to Agent and the Lenders (i) on the Closing Date, a certificate from Credit Parties’ insurance broker dated such date showing the amount of coverage as of such date, and that such policies will include effective waivers (whether under the terms of any such policy or otherwise) by the insurer of all claims for insurance premiums against all loss payees and additional insureds and all rights of subrogation against all loss payees and additional insureds, and that if all or any part of such policy is canceled, terminated or expires, the insurer will forthwith give notice thereof to each additional insured, assignee and loss payee and that no cancellation, reduction in amount or material change in coverage thereof shall be effective until at least thirty (30) days (or ten (10) days for nonpayment of premium) after receipt by each additional insured, assignee and loss payee of written notice thereof, (ii) upon the request of any Lender through Agent from time to time (but not more than once per year unless an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing), full information as to the insurance carried, (iii) within five (5) Business Days of receipt of notice from any insurer, a copy of any notice of cancellation, nonrenewal or material change in coverage from that existing on the date of this Agreement, (iv) forthwith, notice of any cancellation or nonrenewal of coverage by any Credit Party, and (v) at least five (5) Business Days prior to expiration of any policy of insurance, evidence of renewal of such insurance upon the terms and conditions herein required.
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(d)In the event any Credit Party fails to maintain the insurance coverage required by this Agreement, Agent may purchase insurance at Credit Parties’ expense to protect Agent’s interests in the Collateral. This insurance may, but need not, protect such Credit Party’s interests. The coverage purchased by Agent may not pay any claim made by such Credit Party or any claim that is made against such Credit Party in connection with the Collateral. Such Credit Party may later cancel any insurance purchased by Agent, but only after providing Agent with evidence that such Credit Party has obtained insurance as required by this Agreement. If Agent purchases insurance for the Collateral, Credit Parties will be responsible for the costs of that insurance to the fullest extent provided by law, including interest and other charges imposed by Agent in connection with the placement of the insurance, until the effective date of the cancellation or expiration of the insurance. The costs of the insurance may be added to the Obligations. Such costs of the insurance may be more than the cost of insurance such Credit Party is able to obtain on its own.
Section 4.5Compliance with Laws and Material Contracts. Each Credit Party will comply, and cause each Subsidiary to comply, with the requirements of all applicable Laws (including all Healthcare Laws) and Material Contracts, except to the extent that failure to so comply would not reasonably be expected to (a) have a Material Adverse Effect, or (b) result in any Lien (other than a Permitted Lien) upon either (i) a material portion of the assets of any such Person in favor of any Governmental Authority, or (ii) any Collateral which is part of the Borrowing Base (other than, in each case, any Permitted Lien).
Section 4.6Inspection of Property, Books and Records. Each Credit Party will keep, and will cause each Subsidiary to keep, proper books of record substantially in accordance with GAAP in which full, true and correct entries (in all material respects) shall be made of all dealings and transactions in relation to its business and activities; and will permit, and will cause each Subsidiary to permit, during normal business hours, at the sole cost of the applicable Credit Party or any applicable Subsidiary, representatives of Agent to visit and inspect any of their respective properties, to examine and make abstracts or copies from any of their respective books and records, to conduct a collateral audit and analysis of their respective operations and the Collateral, to evaluate and make physical verifications and appraisals of the Inventory and other Collateral in any manner and through any medium that Agent considers advisable, to verify the amount and age of the Accounts, the identity and credit of the respective Account Debtors, to review the billing practices of Credit Parties and to discuss their respective affairs, finances and accounts with their respective officers, employees and independent public accountants as often as may reasonably be desired. In the absence of an Event of Default which is continuing, (i) such inspections and audits shall be conducted no more often than one (1) time during any twelve (12) month, and (ii) Agent exercising any rights pursuant to this Section 4.6 shall give the applicable Credit Party or any applicable Subsidiary commercially reasonable prior notice of such exercise; provided that any field examination, inspection or audit required to be conducted in connection with the initial borrowing under the Revolving Loans shall not count towards the limit set forth in this sentence. No notice shall be required during the existence and continuance of any Event of Default.
Section 4.7Use of Proceeds. Borrowers shall use the proceeds of the Term Loan Tranche 1 borrowing solely for (a) payment of transaction fees incurred in connection with the Financing Documents, (b) the payment in full on the Closing Date of certain existing Debt and (c) for working capital needs and other general corporate purposes, including Permitted Acquisitions, of Borrowers and their Subsidiaries. Borrowers shall use the proceeds of Revolving Loans solely for (a) transaction fees incurred in connection with the Financing Documents and the refinancing on the Closing Date of Debt, and (b) for working capital needs and other general corporate purposes, including Permitted Acquisitions, of Borrowers and their Subsidiaries. No portion of the proceeds of the Loans will be used for family, personal, agricultural or household use. No portion of the proceeds of the Loans will be used, whether directly or indirectly, and whether immediately, incidentally or ultimately, for purchasing or carrying Margin Stock or for any other purpose that entails a violation of, or that is inconsistent with, the provisions of the regulations of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, including Regulation T, U, or X of the Federal Reserve Board.
Section 4.8[Reserved].
Section 4.9Notices of Material Contracts, Litigation and Defaults.
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(a)Credit Parties shall promptly (but in any event within five (5) Business Days) provide written notice to Agent after any Credit Party or Subsidiary receives or delivers any notice of termination or default or similar notice in connection with any Material Contract, and Credit Parties shall provide, together with the next quarterly Compliance Certificate required to be delivered under this Agreement, written notice to Agent after any Credit Party or Subsidiary (1) executes and delivers any material amendment, consent, waiver or other modification to any Material Contract, in each case where such amendment, consent, waiver or other modification is adverse to Agent or Lenders or (2) enters into any new Material Contract and shall, upon request of Agent, promptly provide Agent a copy thereof.
(b)Credit Parties shall promptly (but in any event within five (5) Business Days) provide written notice to Agent (i) upon any Credit Party becoming aware of the existence of any Default or Event of Default, (ii) of any strikes or other labor disputes pending or, to any Credit Party’s knowledge, threatened against any Credit Party, in each case, that would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, (iii) upon any Credit Party becoming aware any infringement or claim of infringement by any other Person with respect to any Intellectual Property rights owned or exclusively licensed by any Credit Party that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, or if there is any written claim by any other Person that any Credit Party in the conduct of its business is infringing on the Intellectual Property rights of others that would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, and (iv) of all returns, recoveries, disputes and claims that involve more than $500,000 in each case. Credit Parties represent and warrant that Schedule 4.9 sets forth a complete list of all matters existing as of the Closing Date for which notice is required under this Section 4.9(b).
(c)Each Credit Parties agrees to provide Agent with notice of any monetary default under or in respect of any of its real property leases at which in excess of $500,000 is located within two (2) Business Days of the occurrence of such default.
(d)Each Credit Party shall provide such further information (including copies of such documentation) as Agent or any Lender shall reasonably request with respect to any of the events or notices described in clauses (a) and (b) above and any notice given in respect of a Regulatory Reporting Event. From the date hereof and continuing through the termination of this Agreement, each Credit Party shall use commercially reasonable efforts make available to Agent and each Lender, without expense to Agent or any Lender, each Credit Party’s officers, employees and agents and books, to the extent that Agent or any Lender may deem them reasonably necessary to prosecute or defend any third-party suit or proceeding instituted by or against Agent or any Lender with respect to any Collateral or relating to a Credit Party.
Section 4.10Hazardous Materials; Remediation.
(a)If any release or disposal of Hazardous Materials shall occur or shall have occurred on any real property or any other assets of any Credit Party, such Credit Party will cause, or direct the applicable Credit Party to cause, the prompt containment and removal of such Hazardous Materials and the remediation of such real property or other assets as is necessary to comply with all Environmental Laws for which failure to take such action would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each Credit Party shall, and shall cause each other Credit Party to, comply with each Environmental Law requiring the performance at any real property by any Credit Party of activities in response to the release or threatened release of a Hazardous Material where failure to do so could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(b)Credit Parties will provide Agent within thirty (30) days after written demand therefor with a bond, letter of credit or similar financial assurance evidencing to the reasonable satisfaction of Agent that sufficient funds are available to pay the cost of removing, treating and disposing of any Hazardous Materials or Hazardous Materials Contamination as required by Environmental Law and discharging any assessment which may be established on any property as a result thereof, such demand to be made, if at all, upon Agent’s reasonable business determination that the failure to remove, treat or dispose of any such Hazardous Materials or Hazardous Materials
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Contamination, or the failure to discharge any such assessment could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
Section 4.11Further Assurances; Joinder.
(a)Each Credit Party will, and will cause each Subsidiary to, at its own cost and expense, promptly and duly take, execute, acknowledge and deliver all such further acts, documents and assurances as may from time to time be necessary or as Agent or the Required Lenders may from time to time reasonably request in order to carry out the intent and purposes of the Financing Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby, including all such actions to (i) establish, create, preserve, protect and perfect a first priority Lien (other than in respect of Excluded Perfection Assets and subject only to Permitted Liens) in favor of Agent for itself and for the benefit of the Lenders on the Collateral (including Collateral acquired after the date hereof), and (ii) unless Agent shall agree otherwise in writing, cause all Subsidiaries of Credit Parties (other than Restricted Foreign Subsidiaries) to be jointly and severally obligated with the other Credit Parties under all covenants and obligations under this Agreement, including the obligation to repay the Obligations.
(b)Upon receipt of an affidavit of an authorized representative of Agent or a Lender as to the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of any Note or any other Financing Document which is not of public record, and, in the case of any such mutilation, upon surrender and cancellation of such Note or other applicable Financing Document, Borrowers will issue, in lieu thereof, a replacement Note or other applicable Financing Document, dated the date of such lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated Note or other Financing Document in the same principal amount thereof and otherwise of like tenor.
(c)[Reserved].
(d)Credit Parties shall provide Agent with at least five (5) Business Days (or such shorter period as Agent may accept in its sole discretion) prior written notice of its intention to create (or to the extent permitted under this Agreement, acquire) a new Subsidiary. Upon the formation (or to the extent permitted under this Agreement, acquisition) of a new Subsidiary, Credit Parties shall, within ten (10) Business Days thereof: (i) pledge, have pledged or cause or have caused to be pledged to Agent pursuant to a pledge agreement in form and substance satisfactory to Agent, all of the outstanding Equity Interests of such new Subsidiary owned directly or indirectly by any Credit Party (except to the extent constituting Excluded Property), along with undated stock or equivalent powers for such certificates, executed in blank; (ii) unless Agent shall agree otherwise in writing, cause the new Subsidiary (other than Restricted Foreign Subsidiaries) to take such other actions (including entering into or joining any Security Documents) as are necessary or advisable in the reasonable opinion of Agent in order to grant Agent, acting on behalf of the Lenders, a first priority Lien (subject to Permitted Liens) on all real and personal property of such Subsidiary in existence as of such date and in all after acquired property (in each case, other than Excluded Property and, with respect to any perfection actions whatsoever, Excluded Perfection Assets), which first priority Liens are required to be granted pursuant to this Agreement; (iii) unless Agent shall agree otherwise in writing, cause such new Subsidiary (other than Restricted Foreign Subsidiaries) to either (at the election of Agent) become a Borrower hereunder with joint and several liability for all obligations of Borrowers hereunder and under the other Financing Documents pursuant to a joinder agreement or other similar agreement in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Agent or to become a Guarantor of the obligations of Borrowers hereunder and under the other Financing Documents pursuant to a guaranty and suretyship agreement in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Agent; and (iv) cause the new Subsidiary (other than Restricted Foreign Subsidiaries) to deliver certified copies of such Subsidiary’s certificate or articles of incorporation, together with good standing certificates, by-laws (or other operating agreement or governing documents), resolutions of the Board of Directors or other governing body, approving and authorizing the execution and delivery of the Security Documents, incumbency certificates and to execute and/or deliver such other documents and legal opinions or to take such other actions as may be requested by Agent, in each case, in form and reasonably substance satisfactory to Agent (the requirements set forth in clauses (i)-(iv), collectively, the “Joinder Requirements”).
(e)In the event that, at any time, any Restricted Foreign Subsidiary has, individually, (i) total net revenue (as calculated in accordance with GAAP) constituting five percent (5.00%) or more
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of the total net revenue of Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, or (ii) total assets constituting five percent (5.00%) or more of the total assets of Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, promptly (and, in any event, within thirty (30) days after such time (or such longer time as consented to in writing by Agent)), Borrowers shall cause such Restricted Foreign Subsidiary to become a Guarantor in accordance with the Joinder Requirements. In addition, if Restricted Foreign Subsidiaries have, in the aggregate, (i) total net revenue (as calculated in accordance with GAAP) constituting ten percent (10.00%) or more of the total net revenue of Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, or (ii) total assets constituting ten percent (10.00%) or more of the total assets of Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, promptly (and, in any event, within thirty (30) days after such time (or such longer time as consented to in writing by Agent)), Borrowers shall cause one or more of such Restricted Foreign Subsidiaries to become Guarantors in accordance with the Joinder Requirements, such that, after such Subsidiaries become Guarantors, the non-guarantor Restricted Foreign Subsidiaries in the aggregate shall cease to have revenues or assets, as applicable, that meet the thresholds set forth in clauses (i) and (ii) above. Notwithstanding the foregoing and anything else to the contrary herein, no Restricted Foreign Subsidiary shall be required to become a Guarantor if doing so would result in material adverse Tax consequences for Borrower and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole. For the purposes of this Section 5.19(a), the determination of whether a “material adverse Tax consequence” shall be deemed to result from any Restricted Foreign Subsidiary becoming a Guarantor shall be made by Agent in its reasonable discretion, following consultation with Borrower, taking into consideration and weighing, among others, the following relevant factors: (1) the magnitude of an increase in Borrower’s Tax liability or a reduction in Borrower’s net operating loss carryforward, taken as a whole; (2) the amount of revenues generated by or assets accumulated at such Restricted Foreign Subsidiary compared with those generated by or accumulated at the Borrowers; (3) whether the Loans are over- or under-collateralized; (4) the financial performance of Borrower and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, and the Credit Parties’ ability to perform the Obligations at such time; and (5) the cost to Borrower and its Subsidiaries balanced against the practical benefit to the Lenders (it being understood that the Agent shall give heavier weight to the factors set forth in clauses (2) and (3)).
Section 4.12Reserved.
Section 4.13Power of Attorney. Each of the authorized representatives of Agent is hereby irrevocably made, constituted and appointed the true and lawful attorney for Credit Parties (without requiring any of them to act as such) with full power of substitution, exercisable only upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, to do the following: (a) endorse the name of Credit Parties upon any and all checks, drafts, money orders, and other instruments for the payment of money that are payable to Credit Parties and constitute collections on Credit Parties’ Accounts; (b) so long as Agent has provided not less than three (3) Business Days’ prior written notice to any Credit Party to perform the same and such Credit Party has failed to take such action, execute in the name of Credit Parties any schedules, assignments, instruments, documents, and statements that Credit Parties are obligated to give Agent under this Agreement; (c) take any action Credit Parties are required to take under this Agreement; (d) so long as Agent has provided not less than three (3) Business Days’ prior written notice to any Credit Party to perform the same and such Credit Party has failed to take such action, do such other and further acts and deeds in the name of Credit Parties that Agent may deem necessary or desirable to enforce any Account or other Collateral or perfect Agent’s security interest or Lien in any Collateral; and (e) do such other and further acts and deeds in the name of Credit Parties that Agent may deem necessary or desirable to enforce its rights with regard to any Account or other Collateral. This power of attorney shall be irrevocable and coupled with an interest.
Section 4.14Borrowing Base Collateral Administration. From and following the Revolving Loans Start Date:
(a)A copy of all data and other information relating to Accounts shall at all times be kept by Credit Parties, at their respective principal offices and shall not fail to be available at such principal offices without obtaining the prior written consent of Agent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed.
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(b)Borrowers shall provide prompt written notice to each Person who either is currently an Account Debtor and not making payments into the Lockbox, or who becomes an Account Debtor at any time following the date of this Agreement, that directs each such Account Debtor to make payments into the Lockbox, and hereby authorizes Agent, upon Borrowers’ failure to send such notices within ten (10) days after the Revolving Loans Start Date (or ten (10) days after the Person becomes an Account Debtor after the Revolving Loans Start Date), to send any and all similar notices to such Person. Agent reserves the right to notify Account Debtors that Agent has been granted a Lien upon all Accounts.
(c)Borrowers will conduct Inventory counts in the Ordinary Course of Business and consistent with industry standard practices, and upon Agent’s written request from time to time (but not more than twice during any fiscal year) provide Agent with a reasonably detailed written accounting of such counts. Each Borrower will use commercially reasonable efforts to at all times keep its Inventory in good and marketable condition. In addition to the foregoing, from time to time after the Revolving Loans Start Date, Agent may require Borrowers to obtain and deliver to Agent appraisal reports in form and substance and from appraisers reasonably satisfactory to Agent stating the then current fair market values of all or any portion of Inventory owned by each Borrower or any Subsidiaries; provided that if no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, such appraisal of Inventory shall be conducted not more often than once during any twelve month period.
Section 4.15Schedule Updates. Borrower shall, in the event of any information in the Schedule 3.19, Schedule 5.14, Schedule 9.2(b) or Schedule 9.2(d) becoming outdated, inaccurate, incomplete or misleading, deliver to Agent, together with the next quarterly Compliance Certificate required to be delivered under this Agreement after such event a proposed update to such Schedule correcting all outdated, inaccurate, incomplete or misleading information.
Section 4.16Intellectual Property and Licensing.
(a)Together with each Compliance Certificate required to be delivered pursuant to Section 4.1(i) with respect to the last month of a fiscal quarter to the extent (i) any Credit Party or Subsidiary acquires and/or develops any new Registered Intellectual Property, (ii) any Credit Party or Subsidiary enters into or becomes bound by any additional material in-bound license or sublicense agreement, any additional exclusive out-bound license or sublicense agreement or other material agreement with respect to rights in Intellectual Property (other than over-the-counter software, software that is commercially available to the public and open source licenses), or (iii) there occurs any other material change in any Credit Party’s or Subsidiary’s Registered Intellectual Property, material in-bound licenses or sublicenses or exclusive out-bound licenses or sublicenses from that listed on Schedule 3.19 together with such Compliance Certificate, deliver to Agent an updated Schedule 3.19 reflecting such updated information. With respect to any updates to Schedule 3.19 involving exclusive out-bound licenses or sublicenses, such licenses shall be consistent with the definitions of and limitations herein pertaining to Permitted Licenses.
(b)If Credit Parties obtain any Registered Intellectual Property, Credit Parties shall promptly (and in any event by the date on which the next Compliance Certificate is delivered thereafter) notify Agent and promptly execute such documents and provide such other information (including, without limitation, copies of applications) and take such other actions as Agent shall reasonably request in its good faith business judgment to perfect and maintain a first priority perfected security interest (subject to Permitted Liens) in favor of Agent, for the ratable benefit of Lenders, in such Registered Intellectual Property.
(c)Credit Parties and their Subsidiaries shall take such commercially reasonable steps as Agent reasonably requests to obtain the consent of, or waiver by, any person whose consent or waiver is necessary for (x) all material licenses or material agreements to be deemed “Collateral” and for Agent to have a security interest in it that might otherwise be restricted or prohibited by Law or by the terms of any such material license or agreement, whether now existing or entered into in the future, and (y) Agent to have the ability in the event of a liquidation of any Collateral to dispose of such Collateral in accordance with Agent’s rights and remedies under this Agreement and the other Financing Documents.
(d)Credit Parties and each Subsidiary thereof shall own, or be licensed to use or otherwise have the right to use, all Material Intangible Assets, subject to Permitted Liens. Credit Parties
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shall cause all material Registered Intellectual Property to be duly and properly registered, filed or issued in the appropriate office and jurisdictions for such registrations, filings or issuances, except where the failure to do so would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Credit Parties and their Subsidiaries shall at all times not knowingly infringe any valid U.S. Intellectual Property rights of others. Credit Parties shall, and shall cause their Subsidiaries to, (i) protect, defend and maintain the validity and enforceability of its Material Intangible Assets, (ii) promptly advise Agent in writing of material infringements of its Material Intangible Assets, or of a material claim of infringement by Credit Parties on the Intellectual Property rights of others; and (iii) not allow any of Credit Parties’ Material Intangible Assets to be abandoned, invalidated, forfeited or dedicated to the public or to become unenforceable. Credit Parties shall not become a party to, nor become bound by, any material license or other agreement with respect to which any Credit Party is the licensor or licensee (other than in-bound licenses of over-the-counter software and other software that is commercially available to the public and open source licenses) that prohibits or otherwise restricts Credit Party from granting a security interest in Credit Party’s interest in such license or agreement or other property.
Section 4.17Regulatory Covenants.
(e)Credit Parties shall have, and shall ensure that it and each of its Subsidiaries has, each necessary Permit and other material rights from, and have made all necessary declarations and filings with, all applicable Governmental Authorities, all self-regulatory authorities and all courts and other tribunals necessary to engage in all material respects in the ownership, management and operation of the business or the assets of any Credit Party and Subsidiaries thereof and Credit Parties shall take, and cause each of their Subsidiaries to take, such reasonable actions to ensure that no Governmental Authority has taken action to limit, suspend or revoke any such Permit. Credit Parties shall ensure, and cause each of their Subsidiaries to ensure, that all such necessary Permits are valid and in full force and effect and Credit Parties and their Subsidiaries are in material compliance with the terms and conditions of all Permits, except where failure to do so would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(f)In connection with the development, testing, manufacture, marketing or sale of each material Product by any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof, each Credit Party shall have, and shall have caused each of its Subsidiaries to have, obtained and comply in all material respects with all material Regulatory Required Permits at all times issued or required to be issued by any Governmental Authority, specifically including the FDA, with respect to such development, testing, manufacture, marketing or sales of such Product by such Credit Party or its Subsidiaries as such activities are at any such time being conducted by such Credit Party or its Subsidiaries.
(g)Except where the failure to do so would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, Credit Parties will, and will cause their Subsidiaries to, timely file or caused to be timely filed (after giving effect to any extension duly obtained), all material notifications, reports, submissions, material Permit renewals and reports required by applicable Healthcare Laws (which reports will be materially accurate and complete in all material respects and not misleading in any material respect and shall not remain open or unsettled).
Article 5- NEGATIVE COVENANTS
Each Credit Party agrees that:
Section 5.1Debt; Contingent Obligations.
(a)No Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, create, incur, assume, guarantee or otherwise become or remain directly or indirectly liable with respect to, any Debt, except for Permitted Debt.
(b)No Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, create, assume, incur or suffer to exist any Contingent Obligations, except for Permitted Contingent Obligations.
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(c)No Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, purchase, redeem, defease or prepay any principal of, premium, if any, interest or other amount payable in respect of any Debt prior to its scheduled date for payment (except (i) with respect to the Obligations permitted under this Agreement, (ii) for Capital Lease obligations and (iii) for intercompany debt obligations (except to the extent otherwise prohibited by this Agreement), (iv) for Subordinated Debt solely to the extent permitted by Section 5.5).
Section 5.2Liens. No Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, create, assume or suffer to exist any Lien on any asset now owned or hereafter acquired by it, except for Permitted Liens.
Section 5.3Distributions. No Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, declare, order, pay, make or set apart any sum for any Distribution, except for Permitted Distributions.
Section 5.4Restrictive Agreements. No Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly (a) enter into or assume any agreement (other than (A) the Financing Documents, (B) any agreements for purchase money debt and Capital Leases permitted under clause (c) of the definition of Permitted Debt, (C) customary provisions in commercial contracts (other than any such contracts relating to Material Intangible Assets) restricting the assignment thereof, or (D) customary restrictions and conditions contained in agreements relating to the sale or other disposition of a Subsidiary or assets pending such sale or other disposition, provided, that, such restrictions and conditions apply only to the Subsidiary or assets that are to be sold or otherwise disposed of and such sale or other disposition is permitted hereunder) prohibiting the creation or assumption of any Lien upon its properties or assets, whether now owned or hereafter acquired, or (b) create or otherwise cause or suffer to exist or become effective any consensual encumbrance or restriction of any kind (except as provided by the Financing Documents) on the ability of any Subsidiary to (i) pay or make Distributions to any Credit Party or any Subsidiary, (ii) pay any Debt owed to any Credit Party or any Subsidiary, (iii) make loans or advances to any Credit Party or any Subsidiary, or (iv) transfer any of its property or assets to any Credit Party or any Subsidiary (other than, with respect to this clause (iv), customary restrictions and conditions contained in agreements relating to the sale or other disposition of assets pending such sale or other disposition, provided, that, such restrictions and conditions apply only to the assets that are to be sold or otherwise disposed of and such sale or other disposition is permitted hereunder).
Section 5.5Payments and Modifications of Subordinated Debt. No Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly (a) declare, pay, make or set aside any amount for payment in respect of Subordinated Debt, except for payments made in full compliance with and expressly permitted under the applicable Subordination Agreement, (b) amend or otherwise modify the terms of any Subordinated Debt, except for amendments or modifications made in full compliance with the applicable Subordination Agreement.
Section 5.6Consolidations, Mergers and Sales of Assets; Change in Control. No Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly:
(a)consolidate or merge or amalgamate with or into any other Person other than (i) consolidations or mergers among Borrowers so long as in any consolidation or merger involving NeuroPace, NeuroPace is the surviving entity, (ii) consolidations or mergers among a Guarantor and a Borrower so long as the Borrower is the surviving entity, (iii) consolidations or mergers among Guarantors, (iv) consolidations or mergers among Subsidiaries that are not Credit Parties, (v) dissolutions or liquidations of Restricted Foreign Subsidiaries so long as any assets of such dissolved or liquidated Person are transferred to a Credit Party, and (vi) consolidation or mergers in connection with any Permitted Acquisition so long in any merger or consolidation involving a Borrower or Guarantor, such Borrower or Guarantor, as applicable, is the surviving entity and for any consolidation or merger involving NeuroPace, NeuroPace is the surviving entity; or
(b)make or consummate any Asset Dispositions other than Permitted Asset Dispositions.
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Section 5.7Purchase of Assets, Investments. No Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly:
(a)acquire, make, own, hold, or otherwise consummate any Investment (including for the avoidance of doubt, any Acquisition) other than Permitted Investments;
(b)[reserved];
(c)engage in or establish any joint venture or partnership with any other Person, other than a Permitted Commercialization Arrangement Vehicle; or
(d)without limiting the foregoing, no Credit Party shall, nor will any Credit Party permit any Subsidiary to, purchase or carry Margin Stock.
Section 5.8Transactions with Affiliates. No Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, enter into or permit to exist any transaction (including the purchase, sale, lease or exchange of any property or the rendering of any service) with any Affiliate of any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof, except for (a) transaction disclosed on Schedule 5.8 on the Closing Date, (b) transactions that are in the Ordinary Course of Business upon fair and reasonable terms, and, in each case, which contain terms that are no less favorable to the applicable Credit Party or any Subsidiary, as the case may be, than those which might be obtained from a third party not an Affiliate of any Credit Party, (c) transactions among Credit Parties that are not otherwise prohibited by this Agreement, and transactions that are expressly permitted by this Agreement to be conducted between Affiliates, (d) transactions constituting (i) issuances of Subordinated Debt to investors and (ii) issuance of Equity interests (other than Disqualified Equity Interests), in each case, not otherwise in contravention of this Agreement, and (e) reasonable and customary director, officer and employee compensation (including bonuses) and other benefits (including retirement, health, stock option and other benefit plans and indemnification arrangements approved by the relevant board of directors, board managers or equivalent corporate body in the Ordinary Course of Business).
Section 5.9Modification of Organizational Documents. No Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, amend or otherwise modify any Organizational Documents of such Person, except for Permitted Modifications.
Section 5.10Modification of Certain Agreements. No Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, amend or otherwise modify any Material Contract, which amendment or modification in any case: (a) is contrary to the terms of this Agreement or any other Financing Document; or (b) would reasonably be expected to be materially adverse to the rights, interests or privileges of Agent, Term Loan Servicer or the Lenders or their ability to enforce the same.
Section 5.11Conduct of Business. No Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, engage in any line of business other than those businesses engaged in on the Closing Date described on Schedule 5.11 and businesses reasonably related thereto. No Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, other than in the Ordinary Course of Business, change its normal billing payment and reimbursement policies and procedures with respect to its Accounts in any material respect (including, without limitation, the amount and timing of finance charges, fees and write-offs).
Section 5.12[Reserved].
Section 5.13Limitation on Sale and Leaseback Transactions. No Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, enter into any arrangement with any Person whereby, in a substantially contemporaneous transaction, any Credit Party or any Subsidiaries sells or transfers all or substantially all of its right, title and interest in an asset and, in connection therewith, acquires or leases back the right to use such asset.
Section 5.14Deposit Accounts and Securities Accounts.
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(a)No Credit Party will, directly or indirectly, establish any new Deposit Account or Securities Account (other than an Excluded Account) unless such Credit Party and the bank, financial institution or securities intermediary at which the account is to be opened enter into a Deposit Account Control Agreement or Securities Account Control Agreement prior to or concurrently with the funding of any money to such Deposit Account or Securities Account. Without limiting the foregoing, subject to the post-closing period provided under Section 7.4 (if any), Credit Parties shall ensure that each Deposit Account or Securities Account of a Credit Party (other than Excluded Accounts) is subject to a Deposit Account Control Agreement or Securities Account Control Agreement, as applicable.
(b)Credit Parties represent and warrant that Schedule 5.14 (as updated from time to time after the Closing Date by Borrower’s delivery of the Compliance Certificate to Agent) lists all of the Deposit Accounts and Securities Accounts of each Credit Party as of the Closing Date and as of the date on which each Compliance Certificate is delivered.
(c)Credit Parties agree that they shall provide Agent with “view-access” to their Deposit Accounts and Securities Accounts (except to the extent, in each case, constituting Excluded Accounts) within five (5) Business Days of Agent’s request therefor.
Section 5.15Compliance with Anti-Terrorism Laws. Agent hereby notifies Credit Parties that pursuant to the requirements of Anti-Terrorism Laws, and Agent’s policies and practices, Agent is required to obtain, verify and record certain information and documentation that identifies Credit Parties and their principals, which information includes the name and address of each Credit Party and its principals and such other information that will allow Agent to identify such party in accordance with Anti-Terrorism Laws. No Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, knowingly enter into any contracts or agreements or otherwise engage in transactions directly or indirectly with or related to any Blocked Person or any Person listed on the OFAC Lists or any Sanctioned Country. Each Credit Party shall immediately notify Agent if such Credit Party has knowledge that any Borrower, any additional Credit Party or any of their respective Affiliates or agents acting or benefiting in any capacity in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement is or becomes a Blocked Person or (a) is convicted on, (b) enters into a settlement agreement with a U.S. government agency, (c) pleads nolo contendere to, (d) is indicted on, or (e) is arraigned and held over on charges involving money laundering or predicate crimes to money laundering or Anti-Terrorism Laws. No Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, (i) conduct any business or engage in any transaction or dealing directly or indirectly with or related to any Blocked Person or Sanctioned Country, including, without limitation, the making or receiving of any contribution of funds, goods or services to or for the benefit of any Blocked Person or Sanctioned Country, (ii) deal in, or otherwise engage in any transaction relating to, any property or interests in property blocked pursuant to Executive Order No. 13224, any similar executive order or other Anti-Terrorism Law, or (iii) engage in or conspire to engage in any transaction that evades or avoids, or has the purpose of evading or avoiding, or attempts to violate, any of the prohibitions set forth in Executive Order No. 13224 or other Anti-Terrorism Law.
Section 5.16Change in Accounting. No Credit Party shall, and no Credit Party shall suffer or permit any of its Subsidiaries to, (i) make any significant change in accounting treatment or reporting practices, except as required or permitted by GAAP or required to be GAAP compliant or (ii) change the fiscal year or method for determining fiscal quarters of any Credit Party or of any Consolidated Subsidiary (for the avoidance of doubt, the Credit Parties may change the fiscal year or method for determining fiscal quarters of any target of a Permitted Acquisition to conform to the fiscal year or method for determining fiscal quarters of the Credit Parties).
Section 5.17Investment Company Act. No Credit Party shall, nor shall it permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, engage in any business, enter into any transaction, use any securities or take any other action or permit any of its Subsidiaries to do any of the foregoing, that would cause it or any of its Subsidiaries to become subject to the registration requirements of the Investment Company Act, by virtue of being an “investment company” or a company “controlled” by an “investment company” not entitled to an exemption within the meaning of the Investment Company Act.
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Section 5.18Agreements Regarding Receivables. No Credit Party may backdate, postdate or redate any of its invoices except as necessary to correct errors with respect to such invoice. No Credit Party may make any sales on extended dating or credit terms with respect to Eligible Accounts beyond that customary in such Credit Party’s industry and consented to in advance by Agent. In addition to the Borrowing Base Certificate to be delivered in accordance with this Agreement, Borrower Representative shall notify Agent within five Business Days upon any Borrower’s obtaining actual knowledge of any Eligible Account becoming ineligible for any reason, other than the aging of such Account, and of the reasons for such ineligibility. Borrower Representative shall also notify Agent promptly of all material disputes and claims with respect to the Accounts of any Borrower, and such Borrower will settle or adjust such material disputes and claims at no expense to Agent; provided, however, no Borrower may, without Agent’s consent, grant (a) any discount, credit or allowance in respect of its Accounts (i) which is outside the Ordinary Course of Business or (ii) which discount, credit or allowance exceeds an amount equal to $500,000 in the aggregate with respect to any individual Account of (b) any materially adverse extension, compromise or settlement to any customer or Account Debtor with respect to any then Eligible Account. Nothing permitted by this Section 5.16, however, may be construed to alter in any the criteria for Eligible Accounts, or Eligible Inventory provided in Section 1.1. This Section 5.18 shall have no effect until the Revolving Loans Start Date.
Section 5.19Restricted Foreign Subsidiaries. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Article 5 or otherwise in this Agreement:
(a)No Credit Party shall permit the total amount of cash and Cash Equivalents held by the Restricted Foreign Subsidiaries to exceed $2,000,000 (or the equivalent thereof in any foreign currency) in the aggregate at any time.
(b)No Credit Party shall make any Asset Disposition to or Investment in any Restricted Foreign Subsidiary other than Investments expressly permitted to be made pursuant to clause (i) or (k) of the definition of “Permitted Investments”.
(c)No Credit Party shall make any Asset Disposition to or Investment in any Permitted Commercialization Arrangement Vehicle (whether or not such Permitted Commercialization Arrangement Vehicle is a Credit Party) other than Investments expressly permitted to be made pursuant to clause (r) of the definition of “Permitted Investments” and/or the granting of Permitted Licenses.
(d)(i) No Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, commingle any of its assets (including any bank accounts, cash or Cash Equivalents) with the assets of any Person other than a Credit Party, (ii) no Credit Party will permit any Restricted Foreign Subsidiary to commingle any of its assets (including any bank accounts, cash or Cash Equivalents) with the assets of a Credit Party, and (iii) no Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, commingle any of its assets (including any bank accounts, cash or Cash Equivalents) with the assets of any joint venture entity (including any Permitted Commercialization Arrangement Vehicle that is a joint venture).
(e)No Credit Party shall permit any Restricted Foreign Subsidiary to own, or have an exclusive license in respect of, any Material Intangible Assets.
(f)No Credit Party shall permit any Permitted Commercialization Arrangement Vehicle to own, or have an exclusive license in respect of, any Material Intangible Asset except to the extent of any Permitted License.

Article 6– FINANCIAL COVENANTS
Section 6.1Minimum Net RNS Systems Revenue. For each Testing Date occurring on the last day of a calendar quarter in which a Financial Covenant Trigger Event has occurred (each a “Subject Testing Date”), Credit Parties shall not permit Net RNS Systems Revenue for any Defined Period ending on a Subject Testing Date to be less than the Applicable Minimum Net Revenue Threshold for such Defined Period.
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Section 6.2Minimum Liquidity. Credit Parties shall not permit Liquidity, at any time, to be less than $25,000,000; provided that the Credit Parties shall no longer be required to comply with the covenant set forth in this Section 6.2, if Borrower Representative delivers a Compliance Certificate for calendar quarter ending on December 31, 2026 demonstrating to Agent’s reasonable satisfaction that Net RNS Systems Revenue for the Defined Period ending on such date is equal to or greater than $90,000,000.
Section 6.3Evidence of Compliance. Borrowers shall furnish to Agent, as required by Section 4.1, a Compliance Certificate as evidence, as applicable, Credit Parties’ compliance with the covenant in this Article. The Compliance Certificate shall include, if requested by Agent, back-up documentation (including, without limitation, bank statements, invoices, receipts and other evidence of costs incurred during such month as Agent shall reasonably require) evidencing the propriety of the calculations. A breach of a financial covenant contained in this Article 6 shall be deemed to have occurred as of the last day of any specified Defined Period, regardless of when the financial statements reflecting such breach are delivered to Agent.
Article 7– CONDITIONS
Section 7.1Conditions to Closing. The obligation of each Lender to make the initial Loans on the Closing Date shall be subject to the receipt by Agent of each agreement, document and instrument set forth on the closing checklist attached hereto as Exhibit F, each in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Agent, and such other closing deliverables reasonably requested by Agent and Lenders, and to the satisfaction of the following conditions precedent, each to the satisfaction of Agent and Lenders in their reasonable discretion:
(a)the receipt by Agent of executed counterparts of this Agreement and the other Financing Documents;
(b)the payment of all fees, expenses and other amounts due and payable under each Financing Document; and
(c)since December 31, 2024, the absence of any Material Adverse Effect.
Each Lender, by delivering its signature page to this Agreement, shall be deemed to have acknowledged receipt of, and consented to and approved, each Financing Document and each other document, agreement and/or instrument required to be approved by Agent, Required Lenders or Lenders, as applicable, on the Closing Date.
Section 7.2Conditions to Each Loan. The obligation of the Lenders to make a Loan or an advance in respect of any Loan (including the initial Loans), is subject to the satisfaction of the following additional conditions:
(a)(i) in the case of the initial borrowing of Revolving Loans, receipt by Agent of a Notice of Borrowing and the initial Borrowing Base Certificate, prepared as of the date of such initial borrowing of Revolving Loans and (ii) in the case of each subsequent each borrowing of Revolving Loans, receipt by Agent of a Notice of Borrowing and an updated Borrowing Base Certificate, and (iii) in the case of a Term Loan advance, receipt by Agent and Term Loan Servicer of a Notice of Borrowing in accordance with the provisions of Section 2.1(a)(ii);
(b)in the case of the initial borrowing of Revolving Loans, (i) Agent shall have completed a reasonably satisfactory field exam and all other necessary or reasonably desirable audits and appraisals with respect to Collateral that comprises the Borrowing Base, the results of which are reasonably satisfactory to Agent and Lenders, and (ii) Borrower shall have established a Lockbox and Lockbox Account in accordance with Section 2.11(a) and such Lockbox and Lockbox Accounts are subject to Deposit Account Control Agreements;
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(c)the fact that, immediately after such borrowing and after application of the proceeds thereof, the Revolving Loan Outstandings will not exceed the Revolving Loan Limit;
(d)the fact that, immediately before and after such advance, no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing;
(e)the fact that the representations and warranties of each Credit Party contained in the Financing Documents shall be true, correct and complete in all material respects on and as of the date of such borrowing, except to the extent that any such representation or warranty relates to a specific earlier date, in which case such representation or warranty shall be true and correct in all material respects as of such specific earlier date; provided, however, in each case, such materiality qualifier shall not be applicable to any representations and warranties that already are qualified or modified by materiality in the text thereof; and
(f)the fact that no fact, event or circumstance has occurred and is continuing since the date of this Agreement that would be reasonably expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
Each giving of a Notice of Borrowing hereunder and each acceptance by any Borrower of the proceeds of any Loan made hereunder shall be deemed to be a representation and warranty by each Credit Party on the date of such notice or acceptance as to the facts specified in this Section
Section 7.3Searches. Before the Closing Date, and thereafter (as and when determined by Agent in its reasonable discretion, but not more than once during any 12 month period unless an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing), Agent shall have the right to perform, all at Borrowers’ expense, the searches described in clauses (a), (b), and (c) below against Borrowers and any other Credit Party, the results of which are to be consistent with Credit Parties’ representations and warranties under this Agreement and the satisfactory results of which shall be a condition precedent to all advances of Loan proceeds: (a) UCC searches with the Secretary of State of the jurisdiction in which the applicable Person is organized; (b) judgment, pending litigation, federal tax lien, personal property tax lien, and corporate and partnership tax lien searches, in each jurisdiction searched under clause (a) above; and (c) searches of applicable corporate, limited liability company, partnership and related records to confirm the continued existence, organization and good standing of the applicable Person and the exact legal name under which such Person is organized.
Section 7.4Post-Closing Requirements. Unless Agent shall otherwise consent in writing, Credit Parties shall complete each of the post-closing obligations and/or provide to Agent each of the documents, instruments, agreements and information listed on Schedule 7.4 attached hereto on or before the date set forth for each such item thereon, each of which shall be completed or provided in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Agent.
Article 8– RESERVED
Article 9– SECURITY AGREEMENT
Section 9.1Generally. As security for the payment and performance of the Obligations, and without limiting any other grant of a Lien and security interest in any Security Document, each Credit Party hereby assigns, grants and pledges to Agent, for the benefit of itself and Lenders, and, subject only to Permitted Liens that may have priority as a matter of applicable Law, a continuing first priority Lien on and security interest in, upon, and to the property and assets set forth on Schedule 9.1 attached hereto and made a part hereof.
Section 9.2Representations and Warranties and Covenants Relating to Collateral.
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(a)The security interest granted pursuant to this Agreement constitutes a valid and, to the extent such security interest is required to be perfected by this Agreement and any other Financing Document, continuing perfected security interest in favor of Agent in all Collateral (for the avoidance of doubt, excluding Excluded Perfection Assets) subject, for the following Collateral, to the occurrence of the following: (i) in the case of all Collateral in which a security interest may be perfected by filing a financing statement under the UCC, the completion of the filings and other actions specified on Schedule 9.2(b) on the Closing Date (which, in the case of all filings and other documents referred to on such schedule, have been delivered to Agent in completed and duly authorized form), (ii) with respect to any Deposit Accounts for which Deposit Account Control Agreements are required pursuant to this Agreement, the execution of Deposit Account Control Agreements and with respect to any Securities Accounts for which Securities Account Control Agreements are required pursuant to this Agreement, the execution of Securities Account Control Agreements, (iii) in the case of letter-of-credit rights that are not supporting obligations of Collateral, the execution of a contractual obligation granting control to Agent over such letter-of-credit rights, (iv) in the case of electronic chattel paper, the completion of all steps necessary to grant control to Agent over such electronic chattel paper, (v) in the case of all certificated stock, debt instruments and investment property, the delivery thereof to Agent of such certificated stock, debt instruments and investment property consisting of instruments and certificates, in each case properly endorsed for transfer to Agent or in blank, (vi) in the case of all investment property not in certificated form, the execution of control agreements with respect to such investment property and (vii) in the case of all other instruments and tangible chattel paper that are not certificated stock, debt instructions or investment property, the delivery thereof to Agent of such instruments and tangible chattel paper. Such security interest shall be prior to all other Liens on the Collateral except for Permitted Liens. Except to the extent not required pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, all actions by each Credit Party necessary or desirable to protect and perfect the Lien granted hereunder on the Collateral have been duly taken.
(b)Schedule 9.2(b) (as updated from time to time after the Closing Date by Borrower’s delivery of the Compliance Certificate to Agent) sets forth (i) each chief executive office and principal place of business of each Credit Party and each of their respective Subsidiaries, and (ii) all of the addresses (including all warehouses) at which any of the Collateral is located and/or books and records of Credit Parties regarding any Collateral or any of Credit Party’s assets, liabilities, business operations or financial condition are kept, which such Schedule 9.2(b) indicates in each case which Credit Parties have Collateral and/or books and records located at such address, and, in the case of any such address not owned by one or more of the Credit Parties, indicates the nature of such location (e.g., leased business location operated by Credit Parties, third party warehouse, consignment location, processor location, etc.) and the name and address of the third party owning and/or operating such location.
(c)Without limiting the generality of Section 3.2, except as indicated on Schedule 3.19 with respect to any rights of any Credit Party as a licensee under any license of Intellectual Property owned by another Person, and except for the filing of financing statements under the UCC, no authorization, approval or other action by, and no notice to or filing with, any Governmental Authority or consent of any other Person is required for (i) the grant by each Credit Party to Agent of the security interests and Liens in the Collateral provided for under this Agreement and the other Security Documents (if any), or (ii) the granting of the security interest or the exercise by Agent of its rights and remedies with respect to the Collateral provided for under this Agreement and the other Security Documents or under any applicable Law, including the UCC and neither any such grant of Liens in favor of Agent or exercise of rights by Agent shall violate or cause a default under any material agreement between any Credit Party and any other Person relating to any such Collateral, including any license to which a Credit Party is a party, whether as licensor or licensee, with respect to any material Intellectual Property, whether owned by such Credit Party or any other Person.
(d)As of the Closing Date, except as set forth on Schedule 9.2(d) and except to the extent constituting Excluded Perfection Assets, no Credit Party has any ownership interest in any Chattel Paper (as defined in Article 9 of the UCC), letter of credit rights, commercial tort claims, Instruments, documents or investment property (in each case, other than Excluded Perfection Assets or Equity Interests in any Subsidiaries of such Credit Party disclosed on Schedule 3.4), and Credit Parties shall give notice to Agent together with the delivery by Credit Parties of the next quarterly Compliance Certificate required pursuant to Section 4.1 above following the acquisition by any Credit Party of any such Chattel Paper, letter of credit rights, commercial tort claims, Instruments, documents, investment property, in each case, other than Excluded Perfection Assets. No Person other than Agent or (if applicable) any Lender has “control” (as defined in Article 9 of the UCC) over any Deposit Account, investment property (including Securities Accounts and commodities account), letter of credit rights or electronic chattel paper in which any Credit Party has any interest (except for such control arising by operation of law in favor of any bank or securities intermediary or commodities intermediary with whom any Deposit Account, Securities Account or commodities account of Credit Parties is maintained).
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(e)Credit Parties shall not take any of the following actions or make any of the following changes unless Credit Parties have given at least ten (10) Business Days (or such lesser time as may be agreed by Agent in its sole discretion) prior written notice to Agent of Credit Parties’ intention to take any such action (which such written notice shall include an updated version of any Schedule impacted by such change) and have executed any and all documents, instruments and agreements and taken any other actions which Agent may reasonably request after receiving such written notice in order to protect and preserve the Liens, rights and remedies of Agent with respect to the Collateral: (i) change the legal name or organizational identification number of any Credit Party as it appears in official filings in the jurisdiction of its organization, (ii) change the jurisdiction of incorporation or formation of any Borrower or Credit Party or allow any Borrower or Credit Party to designate any jurisdiction as an additional jurisdiction of incorporation for such Borrower or Credit Party, or change the type of entity that it is; provided that in no event shall a Credit Party organized under the laws of the United States or any state thereof be reorganized under the laws of a jurisdiction other than the United States or any State thereof or (iii) change its chief executive office, principal place of business, or the location of its books and records or move any Collateral with a value in excess of $1,000,000 to or place any Collateral with a value in excess of $1,000,000 on any location that is not then listed on the Schedules, as updated from time to time pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, and/or establish (other than Collateral that is in transit or out for repair) any business location at any location that is not then listed on the Schedules.
(f)Without limiting the generality of this Agreement or any other provisions of any of the Financing Documents relating to the rights of Agent after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, Agent shall have the right at any time after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default to: (i) exercise the rights of Credit Parties with respect to the obligation of any Account Debtor to make payment or otherwise render performance to Credit Parties and with respect to any property that secures the obligations of any Account Debtor or any other Person obligated on the Collateral, and (ii) adjust, settle or compromise the amount or payment of such Accounts.
(g)Without limiting the generality of Sections 9.2(c) and 9.2(e):
(i)Credit Parties shall deliver to Agent all tangible Chattel Paper and all Instruments and documents (other than any Excluded Perfection Assets) owned by any Credit Party and constituting part of the Collateral duly endorsed and accompanied by duly executed instruments of transfer or assignment, all in form and substance satisfactory to Agent. Credit Parties shall provide Agent with “control” (as defined in Article 9 of the UCC) of all electronic Chattel Paper (other than Excluded Perfection Assets) owned by any Credit Party and constituting part of the Collateral by having Agent identified as the assignee on the records pertaining to the single authoritative copy thereof and otherwise complying with the applicable elements of control set forth in the UCC. Credit Parties also shall deliver to Agent all security agreements securing any such Chattel Paper and securing any such Instruments (other than Excluded Perfection Assets). At Agent’s request, Credit Parties will mark conspicuously all such Chattel Paper and all such Instruments and documents (other than Excluded Perfection Assets) with a legend, in form and substance satisfactory to Agent, indicating that such Chattel Paper and such instruments and documents are subject to the security interests and Liens in favor of Agent created pursuant to this Agreement and the Security Documents. Credit Parties shall comply with all the provisions of Section 5.14 with respect to the Deposit Accounts and Securities Accounts of Credit Parties.
(ii)Credit Parties shall deliver to Agent all letters of credit (except to the extent constituting an Excluded Perfection Asset) on which any Credit Party is the beneficiary and which give rise to letter of credit rights owned by such Credit Party which constitute part of the Collateral in each case duly endorsed and accompanied by duly executed instruments of transfer or assignment, all in form and substance satisfactory to Agent. Except with respect to Excluded Perfection Assets, Credit Parties shall take any and all actions as may be necessary or desirable, or that Agent may reasonably request, from time to time, to cause Agent to obtain exclusive “control” (as defined in Article 9 of the UCC) of any such letter of credit rights in a manner acceptable to Agent.
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(iii)Credit Parties shall promptly advise Agent upon any Credit Party becoming aware that it has any interests in any commercial tort claim (except to the extent constituting an Excluded Perfection Asset), which such notice shall include descriptions of the events and circumstances giving rise to such commercial tort claim and the dates such events and circumstances occurred, the potential defendants with respect such commercial tort claim and any court proceedings that have been instituted with respect to such commercial tort claims, and Credit Parties shall, with respect to any such commercial tort claim, execute and deliver to Agent such documents as Agent shall reasonably request to perfect, preserve or protect the Liens, rights and remedies of Agent with respect to any such commercial tort claim.
(iv)If requested by Agent following the Closing Date, Credit Parties shall use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain a landlord’s agreement, mortgagee agreement, or bailee agreement, as applicable, from the lessor of each leased property, the mortgagee of owned property or the warehouseman, consignee, bailee at any business location, in each case, located in the United States and (a) which is a Credit Party’s chief executive office or (b) where (i) any portion of the Collateral included in or proposed to be included in the Borrowing Base, or (ii) any portion of the Collateral with a value in excess of $500,000, is located, in each case, which agreement or letter shall be reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to Agent. In no event shall the Credit Parties maintain tangible Collateral (other than Inventory with contract manufacturers or distributors and Inventory in transit in the Ordinary Course of Business) with a value in excess of $1,000,000 outside of the United States without Agent’s prior consent.
(v)Credit Parties shall cause all material Equipment and other material tangible personal property other than Inventory to be maintained and preserved in the same condition, repair and in working order as when new, ordinary wear and tear excepted, and shall promptly make or cause to be made all repairs, replacements and other improvements in connection therewith that are reasonably necessary or desirable to such end. Upon request of Agent, Credit Parties shall promptly deliver to Agent any and all certificates of title, applications for title or similar evidence of ownership of all such tangible personal property (other than Excluded Perfection Assets) and shall cause Agent to be named as lienholder on any such certificate of title or other evidence of ownership. Credit Parties shall not permit any such tangible personal property to become fixtures to real estate unless such real estate is subject to a Lien in favor of Agent.
(vi)Each Credit Party hereby authorizes Agent to file without the signature of such Credit Party one or more UCC financing statements relating to liens on personal property relating to all or any part of the Collateral, which financing statements may list Agent as the “secured party” and such Credit Party as the “debtor” and which describe and indicate the collateral covered thereby as all or any part of the Collateral under the Financing Documents (including an indication of the collateral covered by any such financing statement as “all assets” of such Borrower now owned or hereafter acquired) in such jurisdictions as Agent from time to time determines are appropriate, and to file without the signature of such Credit Party any continuations of or corrective amendments to any such financing statements, in any such case in order for Agent to perfect, preserve or protect the Liens, rights and remedies of Agent with respect to the Collateral. Each Credit Party also ratifies its authorization for Agent to have filed in any jurisdiction any initial financing statements or amendments thereto if filed prior to the date hereof.
(vii)As of the Closing Date, no Credit Party holds, and after the Closing Date Credit Parties shall promptly notify Agent in writing upon creation or acquisition by any Credit Party of, any Collateral which constitutes a claim against any Governmental Authority, including, without limitation, the federal government of the United States or any instrumentality or agency thereof, the assignment of which claim is restricted by any applicable Law, including, without limitation, the federal Assignment of Claims Act and any other comparable Law. Upon the request of Agent, Credit Parties shall take such steps as may be necessary or desirable, or that Agent may request, to comply with any such applicable Law.
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(viii)Credit Parties shall furnish to Agent from time to time any statements and schedules further identifying or describing the Collateral and any other information, reports or evidence concerning the Collateral as Agent may reasonably request from time to time.
Article 10- EVENTS OF DEFAULT
Section 10.1Events of Default. For purposes of the Financing Documents, the occurrence of any of the following conditions and/or events, whether voluntary or involuntary, by operation of law or otherwise, shall constitute an “Event of Default”:
(a)(i) any Credit Party shall fail to pay when due any principal, interest, premium or fee under any Financing Document or any other amount payable under any Financing Document, or (ii) there shall occur any default in the performance of or compliance with any of the following sections or articles of this Agreement: Section 2.11, Section 4.1, Section 4.2(b), Section 4.4(b), Section 4.6, Section 4.9(a) and (b)(i), Section 4.11(d) and (e), Section 4.15, Section 4.16, Article 5, Article 6, or Section 7.4;
(b)any Credit Party defaults in the performance of or compliance with any term contained in this Agreement or in any other Financing Document (other than occurrences described in other provisions of this Section 10.1 for which a different grace or cure period is specified or for which no grace or cure period is specified and thereby constitute immediate Events of Default) and such default is not remedied by the Credit Party or waived by Agent within thirty (30) days after the earlier of (i) receipt by Borrower Representative of notice from Agent or Required Lenders of such default, or (ii) actual knowledge of any Responsible Officer of the Borrower or any other Credit Party of such default;
(c)any written representation, warranty, certification or statement made by any Credit Party or any other Person in any Financing Document or in any certificate, financial statement or other document delivered pursuant to any Financing Document is incorrect in any respect (or in any material respect if such representation, warranty, certification or statement is not by its terms already qualified as to materiality) when made (or deemed made);
(d)(i) failure of any Credit Party to pay when due or within any applicable grace period any principal, interest or other amount on Debt (other than the Loans), or the occurrence of any breach, default, condition or event with respect to any Debt (other than the Loans), if the effect of such failure or occurrence is to cause or to permit the holder or holders of any such Debt, or to cause, Debt or other liabilities having an individual or aggregate principal amount in excess of $1,000,000 to become or be declared due prior to its stated maturity, or (ii) without limiting the foregoing, the occurrence of any breach or default under any terms or provisions of any Subordinated Debt Document or under any agreement subordinating the Subordinated Debt to all or any portion of the Obligations or the occurrence of any event requiring (or that would allow the holders thereof to require) the prepayment or mandatory redemption of any Subordinated Debt;
(e)any Credit Party or any Subsidiary of a Credit Party shall commence a voluntary case or other proceeding seeking liquidation, reorganization or other relief with respect to itself or its debts under any bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law or any analogous procedure or step is taken in any other jurisdiction) now or hereafter in effect or seeking the appointment of a trustee, receiver, liquidator, custodian or other similar official of it or any substantial part of its property, or shall consent to any such relief or to the appointment of or taking possession by any such official in an involuntary case or other proceeding commenced against it, or shall make a general assignment for the benefit of creditors, or shall fail generally to pay its debts as they become due, or shall take any corporate action to authorize the foregoing;
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(f)an involuntary case or other proceeding shall be commenced against any Credit Party or any Subsidiary of a Credit Party seeking liquidation, reorganization or other relief with respect to it or its debts under any bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law now or hereafter in effect or seeking the appointment of a trustee, receiver, liquidator, custodian or other similar official of it or any substantial part of its property, and such involuntary case or other proceeding shall remain undismissed and unstayed for a period of sixty (60) days; or an order for relief shall be entered against any Credit Party or any Subsidiary of a Credit Party under applicable federal bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law in respect of (i) bankruptcy, liquidation, winding-up, dissolution or suspension of general operations, (ii) composition, rescheduling, reorganization, arrangement or readjustment of, or other relief from, or stay of proceedings to enforce, some or all of the debts or obligations, or (iii) possession, foreclosure, seizure or retention, sale or other disposition of, or other proceedings to enforce security over, all or any substantial part of the assets of such Credit Party or Subsidiary;
(g)(i) institution of any steps by any Person to terminate a Pension Plan if as a result of such termination any Credit Party or any member of the Controlled Group could be required to make a contribution to such Pension Plan, or could incur a liability or obligation to such Pension Plan, in excess of $1,000,000, (ii) a contribution failure occurs with respect to any Pension Plan sufficient to give rise to a Lien under Section 303(k) of ERISA or Section 430(k) of the Code or an event occurs that could reasonably be expected to give rise to a Lien under Section 4068 of ERISA, or (iii) there shall occur any withdrawal or partial withdrawal from a Multiemployer Plan and the withdrawal liability (without unaccrued interest) to Multiemployer Plans as a result of such withdrawal (including any outstanding withdrawal liability that any Credit Party or any member of the Controlled Group have incurred on the date of such withdrawal) exceeds $1,000,000;    
(h)there is entered against any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof (i) one or more judgments or orders for the payment of money or fines or penalties issued by any Governmental Authority involving in the aggregate a liability (not fully covered or paid by insurance as to which the relevant insurance company has acknowledged coverage) of $1,000,000 or more, or (ii) one or more non-monetary judgments that have, or would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect and, in either case (i) or (ii), (A) enforcement proceedings are commenced by any creditor or any such Governmental Authority, as applicable, upon such judgment, order, penalty or fine, as applicable, or (B) such judgment, order, penalty or fine, as applicable, shall not have been vacated, discharged, stayed or bonded, as applicable, pending appeal within 30 days from the entry or issuance thereof;
(i)except solely as a result of any action or inaction of Agent or any Lenders (provided that such action or inaction is not caused by a Credit Party’s failure to comply with the terms of the Financing Documents), any Lien created by any of the Security Documents shall at any time fail to constitute a valid and perfected Lien on all of the Collateral purported to be encumbered thereby, subject to no prior or equal Lien except Permitted Liens, or any Credit Party shall so assert;
(j)the institution by any Governmental Authority of criminal proceedings against any Credit Party;
(k)[reserved];
(l)NeuroPace’s equity fails to remain registered with the SEC, and/or such equity fails to remain publicly traded and registered on the NASDAQ or other public securities exchange acceptable to Agent;
(m)the occurrence of a Material Adverse Effect;
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(n)(i) the Recall, voluntary withdrawal, or cessation of production (excluding any limited voluntary withdrawal or temporary cessation of production, in each case in the Ordinary Course of Business) of any material Product or Product category from the market, or the institution of any action or proceeding by the FDA or similar Governmental Authority to order the withdrawal or Recall of any material Product or Product category from the market or to enjoin any Credit Party, its Subsidiaries or any representative of any Credit Party or its Subsidiaries from manufacturing, marketing, selling or distributing any such Product or Product category, (ii) the institution of any action or proceeding by FDA or any other Governmental Authority to revoke, suspend, reject, withdraw, limit, or restrict any Regulatory Required Permit held by any Credit Party, its Subsidiaries or any representative of Borrower or its Subsidiaries, which, in each case or in the aggregate, has or would reasonably be expected to result in Material Adverse Effect, (iii) the commencement of any enforcement action against any Credit Party, its Subsidiaries or any representative of any Credit Party or its Subsidiaries (with respect to the business of any Credit Party or its Subsidiaries) by FDA or any other Governmental Authority which has or would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, or (iv) the occurrence of adverse test results in connection with a Product, which, in each case individually, or in the aggregate, has resulted in or would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect;
(o)any material breach of, or “event of default” or similar event by Borrower or any Subsidiary under, any Material Contract described in clause (c) of the definition thereof shall occur, which would give the counterparty to such Material Contract the right to terminate such Material Contract pursuant to the terms thereof (after giving effect to any applicable grace or cure period and provided that such material breach, “event of default” or similar event is not being contested in good faith with reasonable basis by such Obligor), to the extent that (i) the Obligor has received written notice of (A) termination of such Material Contract or (B) written notice of such material breach, “event of default”, or similar event and written notice of the counterparty’s intent to terminate such Material Contract on the basis thereof and (ii) the counterparty to such Material Contract has not waived such material breach, “event of default” or similar event;
(p)the occurrence of a Change in Control; or
(q)any of the Financing Documents shall for any reason fail to constitute the valid and binding agreement of any party thereto, or any Credit Party shall so assert, in each case, unless such Financing Document terminates pursuant to the terms and conditions thereof without any breach or default thereunder by any Credit Party thereto.
All cure periods provided for in this Section 10.1 shall run concurrently with any cure period provided for in any applicable Financing Documents under which the default occurred.
Section 10.2Acceleration and Suspension or Termination of Revolving Loan Commitment and Term Loan Commitment. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, Agent may, and shall if requested by Required Lenders, (a) by notice to Borrower Representative suspend or terminate the Revolving Loan Commitment and/or Term Loan Commitment and the obligations of Agent, Term Loan Servicer and the Lenders with respect thereto, in whole or in part (and, if in part, each Lender’s Revolving Loan Commitment and/or Term Loan Commitment shall be reduced in accordance with its Pro Rata Share), and/or (b) by notice to Borrower Representative declare all or any portion of the Obligations to be, and the Obligations shall thereupon become, immediately due and payable, with accrued interest thereon, without presentment, demand, protest or other notice of any kind, all of which are hereby waived by each Credit Party and Credit Parties will pay the same; provided, however, that in the case of any of the Events of Default specified in Section 10.1(e) or 10.1(f) above, without any notice to any Credit Party or any other act by Agent or the Lenders, the Revolving Loan Commitment and Term Loan Commitment and the obligations of Agent, Term Loan Servicer and the Lenders with respect thereto shall thereupon immediately and automatically terminate and all of the Obligations shall become immediately and automatically due and payable without presentment, demand, protest or other notice of any kind, all of which are hereby waived by each Credit Party and Credit Parties will pay the same.
Section 10.3UCC Remedies.
(a)Upon the occurrence of and during the continuance of an Event of Default under this Agreement or the other Financing Documents, Agent, in addition to all other rights, options, and remedies granted to Agent under this Agreement or at law or in equity, may exercise, either directly or through one or more assignees or designees, all rights and remedies granted to it under all Financing Documents and under the UCC in effect in the applicable jurisdiction(s) and under any other applicable law; including, without limitation:
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(i)the right to take possession of, send notices regarding, and collect directly the Collateral, with or without judicial process;
(ii)the right to (by its own means or with judicial assistance) enter any of Credit Parties’ premises and take possession of the Collateral, or render it unusable, or to render it usable or saleable, or dispose of the Collateral on such premises in compliance with subsection (iii) below and to take possession of Credit Parties’ original books and records, to obtain access to Credit Parties’ data processing equipment, computer hardware and software relating to the Collateral and to use all of the foregoing and the information contained therein in any manner Agent deems appropriate, without any liability for rent, storage, utilities, or other sums, and Credit Parties shall not resist or interfere with such action (if Credit Parties’ books and records are prepared or maintained by an accounting service, contractor or other third party agent, Credit Parties hereby irrevocably authorize such service, contractor or other agent, upon notice by Agent to such Person that an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, to deliver to Agent or its designees such books and records, and to follow Agent’s instructions with respect to further services to be rendered);
(iii)the right to require Credit Parties at Credit Parties’ expense to assemble all or any part of the Collateral and make it available to Agent at any place designated by Agent;
(iv)the right to notify postal authorities to change the address for delivery of Credit Parties’ mail to an address designated by Agent and to receive, open and dispose of all mail addressed to any Credit Party; and/or
(v)the right to enforce Credit Parties’ rights against Account Debtors and other obligors, including, without limitation, (i) the right to collect Accounts directly in Agent’s own name (as agent for Lenders) and to charge the documented collection costs and expenses, including documented out-of-pocket attorneys’ fees, to Credit Parties, and (ii) the right, in the name of Agent or any designee of Agent or Credit Parties, to verify the validity, amount or any other matter relating to any Accounts by mail, telephone, telegraph or otherwise, including, without limitation, verification of Credit Parties’ compliance with applicable Laws. Credit Parties shall cooperate fully with Agent in an effort to facilitate and promptly conclude such verification process. Such verification may include contacts between Agent and applicable federal, state and local regulatory authorities having jurisdiction over the Credit Parties’ affairs, all of which contacts Credit Parties hereby irrevocably authorize.
(b)Each Credit Party agrees that a notice received by it at least ten (10) days before the time of any intended public sale, or the time after which any private sale or other disposition of the Collateral is to be made, shall be deemed to be reasonable notice of such sale or other disposition. If permitted by applicable law, any perishable Collateral which threatens to speedily decline in value or which is sold on a recognized market may be sold immediately by Agent without prior notice to Credit Parties. At any sale or disposition of Collateral, Agent may (to the extent permitted by applicable law) purchase all or any part of the Collateral, free from any right of redemption by Credit Parties, which right is hereby waived and released. Each Credit Party covenants and agrees not to interfere with or impose any obstacle to Agent’s exercise of its rights and remedies with respect to the Collateral. Agent shall have no obligation to clean-up or otherwise prepare the Collateral for sale. Agent may comply with any applicable state or federal law requirements in connection with a disposition of the Collateral and compliance will not be considered to adversely affect the commercial reasonableness of any sale of the Collateral. Agent may sell the Collateral without giving any warranties as to the Collateral. Agent may specifically disclaim any warranties of title or the like. This procedure will not be considered to adversely affect the commercial reasonableness of any sale of the Collateral. If Agent sells any of the Collateral upon credit, Credit Parties will be credited only with payments actually made by the purchaser, received by Agent and applied to the indebtedness of the purchaser. In the event the purchaser fails to pay for the Collateral, Agent may resell the Collateral and Credit Parties shall be credited with the proceeds of the sale. Credit Parties shall remain liable for any deficiency if the proceeds of any sale or disposition of the Collateral are insufficient to pay all Obligations.
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(c)Without restricting the generality of the foregoing and for the purposes aforesaid, each Credit Party hereby appoints and constitutes Agent its lawful attorney-in-fact with full power of substitution in the Collateral, upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, to (i) use unadvanced funds remaining under this Agreement or which may be reserved, escrowed or set aside for any purposes hereunder at any time, or to advance funds in excess of the face amount of the Notes, (ii) pay, settle or compromise all existing bills and claims, which may be Liens or security interests, or to avoid such bills and claims becoming Liens against the Collateral, (iii) execute all applications and certificates in the name of such Credit Party and to prosecute and defend all actions or proceedings in connection with the Collateral, and (iv) do any and every act which such Credit Party might do in its own behalf; it being understood and agreed that this power of attorney in this subsection (c) shall be a power coupled with an interest and cannot be revoked.
(d)Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, subject to any right of any third parties and/or any agreement between any Borrower and any third party to the extent not granted or entered into in contravention of the terms of this Agreement, Agent and each Lender is hereby granted a non-exclusive, royalty-free license or other right to use, without charge, Credit Parties’ labels, mask works, rights of use of any name, any other Intellectual Property and advertising matter, and any similar property as it pertains to the Collateral, in completing production of, advertising for sale, and selling any Collateral and, in connection with Agent’s exercise of its rights under this Article, Credit Parties’ rights under all licenses (whether as licensor or licensee) and all franchise agreements inure to Agent’s and each Lender’s benefit.
Section 10.4Protective Payments. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, if any Credit Party fails to pay or perform any covenant or obligation under this Agreement or any other Financing Document, Agent may pay or perform such covenant or obligation, and all amounts so paid by Agent are Protective Advances and immediately due and payable, constituting principal and bearing interest at the then highest applicable rate for the Loans hereunder, and secured by the Collateral. No such payments or performance by Agent shall be construed as an agreement to make similar payments or performance in the future or constitute Agent’s waiver of any Event of Default. Without limiting the foregoing, each Lender and Borrower hereby authorizes Agent, without the necessity of any notice or further consent from any Lender, from time to time prior to a Default, to make any Protective Advance with respect to any Collateral or the Financing Documents which may be necessary to protect the priority, validity or enforceability of any lien on, and security interest in, any Collateral and the instruments evidencing or securing the obligations of Borrower under the Financing Documents. Credit Parties agree to pay on demand all Protective Advances. The Lenders must reimburse Agent for any Protective Advances (in accordance with their Pro Rata Shares) to the extent not reimbursed by Credit Parties.
Section 10.5Default Rate of Interest. At the election of Agent or Required Lenders, after the occurrence of an Event of Default and for so long as it continues, the Loans and other Obligations shall bear interest at rates that are two percent (2.0%) per annum in excess of the rates otherwise payable under this Agreement; provided, however, that in the case of any Event of Default specified in Section 10.1(e) or 10.1(f) above, such default rates shall apply immediately and automatically without the need for any election or action of any kind on the part of Agent or any Lender.
Section 10.6Setoff Rights. During the continuance of any Event of Default, each Lender is hereby authorized by each Credit Party at any time or from time to time, with reasonably prompt subsequent notice to such Credit Party (any prior or contemporaneous notice being hereby expressly waived) to set off and to appropriate and to apply any and all (a) balances held by such Lender or any of such Lender’s Affiliates at any of its offices for the account of such Credit Party or any of its Subsidiaries (regardless of whether such balances are then due to such Credit Party or its Subsidiaries), and (b) other property at any time held or owing by such Lender to or for the credit or for the account of such Credit Party or any of its Subsidiaries, against and on account of any of the Obligations (other than inchoate indemnification obligations for which no claim has yet been made); except that no Lender shall exercise any such right without the prior written consent of Agent.
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Any Lender exercising a right to set off shall purchase for cash (and the other Lenders shall sell) interests in each of such other Lender’s Pro Rata Share of the Obligations as would be necessary to cause all Lenders to share the amount so set off with each other Lender in accordance with their respective Pro Rata Share of the Obligations. Each Credit Party agrees, to the fullest extent permitted by law, that any Lender and any of such Lender’s Affiliates may exercise its right to set off with respect to the Obligations as provided in this Section 10.6.
Section 10.7Application of Proceeds.
(a)Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, each Credit Party irrevocably waives the right to direct the application of any and all payments at any time or times thereafter received by Agent or Term Loan Servicer from or on behalf of such Borrower or any Guarantor of all or any part of the Obligations, and, as between Credit Parties on the one hand and Agent, Term Loan Servicer and Lenders on the other, Agent shall have the continuing and exclusive right to apply and to reapply any and all payments received by Agent or Term Loan Servicer against the Obligations in such manner as Agent may deem advisable notwithstanding any previous application by Agent.
(b)Following the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, but absent the occurrence and continuance of an Acceleration Event, Agent and Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, shall apply any and all payments received by Agent or Term Loan Servicer (as applicable) in respect of the Obligations, and any and all proceeds of Collateral received by Agent or Term Loan Servicer, in such order as Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, may from time to time elect.
(c)Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, if an Acceleration Event shall have occurred, and so long as it continues, Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, shall apply any and all payments received by Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, in respect of the Obligations, and any and all proceeds of Collateral received by Agent or Term Loan Servicer, in the following order: first, to all fees, costs, indemnities, liabilities, obligations and expenses incurred by or owing to Agent or Term Loan Servicer with respect to this Agreement, the other Financing Documents or the Collateral; second, to all fees, costs, indemnities, liabilities, obligations and expenses incurred by or owing to any Lender with respect to this Agreement, the other Financing Documents or the Collateral; third, to accrued and unpaid interest on the Obligations (including any interest which, but for the provisions of the Bankruptcy Code, would have accrued on such amounts); fourth, to the principal amount of the Obligations outstanding; and fifth to any other indebtedness or obligations of Credit Parties owing to Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender under the Financing Documents. Any balance remaining shall be delivered to Credit Parties or to whomever may be lawfully entitled to receive such balance or as a court of competent jurisdiction may direct. In carrying out the foregoing, (y) amounts received shall be applied in the numerical order provided until exhausted prior to the application to the next succeeding category, and (z) each of the Persons entitled to receive a payment in any particular category shall receive an amount equal to its Pro Rata Share of amounts available to be applied pursuant thereto for such category.
Section 10.8Waivers.
(a)Except as otherwise provided for in this Agreement and to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, each Credit Party waives: (i) presentment, demand and protest, and notice of presentment, dishonor, intent to accelerate, acceleration, protest, default, nonpayment, maturity, release, compromise, settlement, extension or renewal of any or all Financing Documents, the Notes or any other notes, commercial paper, accounts, contracts, documents, Instruments, Chattel Paper and Guarantees at any time held by Lenders on which any Credit Party may in any way be liable, and hereby ratifies and confirms whatever Lenders may lawfully do in this regard; (ii) all rights to notice and a hearing prior to Agent’s or any Lender’s taking possession or control of, or to Agent’s or any Lender’s replevy, attachment or levy upon, any Collateral or any bond or security which might be required by any court prior to allowing Agent or any Lender to exercise any of its remedies; and (iii) the benefit of all valuation, appraisal and exemption Laws. Each Credit Party acknowledges that it has been advised by counsel of its choices and decisions with respect to this Agreement, the other Financing Documents and the transactions evidenced hereby and thereby.
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(b)Each Credit Party for itself and all its successors and assigns, (i) agrees that its liability shall not be in any manner affected by any indulgence, extension of time, renewal, waiver, or modification granted or consented to by Lender and made in accordance with the terms of any Financing Document; (ii) consents to any indulgences and all extensions of time, renewals, waivers, or modifications that may be granted by Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender with respect to the payment or other provisions of the Financing Documents and made in accordance with the terms of any Financing Document, and to any substitution, exchange or release of the Collateral, or any part thereof, with or without substitution, and agrees to the addition or release of any Credit Party, endorsers, guarantors, or sureties, or whether primarily or secondarily liable, without notice to any other Credit Party and without affecting its liability hereunder; (iii) agrees that its liability shall be unconditional and without regard to the liability of any other Credit Party, Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender for any tax on the indebtedness; and (iv) to the fullest extent permitted by law, expressly waives the benefit of any statute or rule of law or equity now provided, or which may hereafter be provided, which would produce a result contrary to or in conflict with the foregoing.
(c)To the extent that Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender may have acquiesced in any noncompliance with any requirements or conditions precedent to the closing of the Loans or to any subsequent disbursement of Loan proceeds, such acquiescence shall not be deemed to constitute a waiver by Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender of such requirements with respect to any future disbursements of Loan proceeds and Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender may at any time after such acquiescence require Credit Parties to comply with all such requirements. Any forbearance by Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lender in exercising any right or remedy under any of the Financing Documents, or otherwise afforded by applicable law, including any failure to accelerate the maturity date of the Loans, shall not be a waiver of or preclude the exercise of any right or remedy nor shall it serve as a novation of the Notes or as a reinstatement of the Loans or a waiver of such right of acceleration or the right to insist upon strict compliance of the terms of the Financing Documents. Agent’s, Term Loan Servicer’s or any Lender’s acceptance of payment of any sum secured by any of the Financing Documents after the due date of such payment shall not be a waiver of Agent’s, Term Loan Servicer’s and such Lender’s right to either require prompt payment when due of all other sums so secured or to declare a default for failure to make prompt payment. The procurement of insurance or the payment of taxes or other Liens or charges by Agent as the result of an Event of Default shall not be a waiver of Agent’s right to accelerate the maturity of the Loans, nor shall Agent’s receipt of any condemnation awards, insurance proceeds, or damages under this Agreement operate to cure or waive any Credit Party’s default in payment of sums secured by any of the Financing Documents.
(d)Without limiting the generality of anything contained in this Agreement or the other Financing Documents, each Credit Party agrees that if an Event of Default is continuing (i) Agent, Term Loan Servicer and Lenders shall not be subject to any “one action” or “election of remedies” law or rule, and (ii) all Liens and other rights, remedies or privileges provided to Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders shall remain in full force and effect until Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders have exhausted all remedies against the Collateral and any other properties owned by Credit Parties and the Financing Documents and other security instruments or agreements securing the Loans have been foreclosed, sold and/or otherwise realized upon in satisfaction of Credit Parties’ obligations under the Financing Documents.
(e)Nothing contained herein or in any other Financing Document shall be construed as requiring Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender to resort to any part of the Collateral for the satisfaction of any of Credit Parties’ obligations under the Financing Documents in preference or priority to any other Collateral, and Agent may seek satisfaction out of all of the Collateral or any part thereof, in its absolute discretion in respect of Credit Parties’ obligations under the Financing Documents. In addition, Agent shall have the right from time to time, following the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, to partially foreclose upon any Collateral in any manner and for any amounts secured by the Financing Documents then due and payable as determined by Agent in its sole discretion, including, without limitation, the following circumstances: (i) in the event any Credit Party defaults beyond any applicable grace period in the payment of one or more scheduled payments of principal and/or interest, Agent may foreclose upon all or any part of the Collateral to recover such delinquent payments, or (ii) in the event Agent elects to accelerate less than the entire outstanding principal balance of the Loans, Agent may foreclose all or any part of the Collateral to recover so much of the principal balance of the Loans as Lender may accelerate and such other sums secured by one or more of the Financing Documents as Agent may elect. Notwithstanding one or more partial foreclosures, any unforeclosed Collateral shall remain subject to the Financing Documents to secure payment of sums secured by the Financing Documents and not previously recovered.
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(f)To the fullest extent permitted by law, each Credit Party, for itself and its successors and assigns, waives in the event of foreclosure of any or all of the Collateral any equitable right otherwise available to any Credit Party which would require the separate sale of any of the Collateral or require Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders to exhaust their remedies against any part of the Collateral before proceeding against any other part of the Collateral; and further in the event of such foreclosure each Credit Party does hereby expressly consent to and authorize, at the option of Agent, the foreclosure and sale either separately or together of each part of the Collateral.
Section 10.9Injunctive Relief. The parties acknowledge and agree that, in the event of a breach or threatened breach of any Credit Party’s obligations under any Financing Documents, Agent, Term Loan Servicer and Lenders may have no adequate remedy in money damages and, accordingly, shall be entitled to an injunction (including, without limitation, a temporary restraining order, preliminary injunction, writ of attachment, or order compelling an audit) against such breach or threatened breach, including, without limitation, maintaining any cash management and collection procedure described herein. However, no specification in this Agreement of a specific legal or equitable remedy shall be construed as a waiver or prohibition against any other legal or equitable remedies in the event of a breach or threatened breach of any provision of this Agreement. Each Credit Party waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the requirement of the posting of any bond in connection with such injunctive relief. By joining in the Financing Documents as a Credit Party, each Credit Party specifically joins in this Section as if this Section were a part of each Financing Document executed by such Credit Party.
Section 10.10Marshalling; Payments Set Aside. Neither Agent, Term Loan Servicer nor any Lender shall be under any obligation to marshal any assets in payment of any or all of the Obligations. To the extent that any Credit Party makes any payment or Agent enforces its Liens or Agent, Term Loan Servicer, or any Lender exercises its right of set-off, and such payment or the proceeds of such enforcement or set-off is subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside, or required to be repaid by anyone, then to the extent of such recovery, the Obligations or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied, and all Liens, rights and remedies therefor, shall be revived and continued in full force and effect as if such payment had not been made or such enforcement or set-off had not occurred.
Article 11- AGENT
Section 11.1Appointment and Authorization.
(a)Each Lender hereby irrevocably appoints and authorizes Agent to enter into each of the Financing Documents to which it is a party (other than this Agreement) on its behalf and to take such actions as Agent on its behalf and to exercise such powers under the Financing Documents as are delegated to Agent by the terms thereof, together with all such powers as are reasonably incidental thereto.
(b)Each Lender hereby irrevocably appoints and authorizes Term Loan Servicer to take such actions as Term Loan Servicer on its behalf and to exercise such powers under the Financing Documents as are delegated to Term Loan Servicer by the terms thereof, together with all such powers as are reasonably incidental thereto.
(c)Subject to the terms of Section 11.16 and to the terms of the other Financing Documents, Agent is authorized and empowered to amend, modify, or waive any provisions of this Agreement or the other Financing Documents on behalf of Lenders and Term Loan Servicer.
(d)The provisions of this Article 11 are solely for the benefit of Agent, Term Loan Servicer and Lenders and neither any Borrower nor any other Credit Party shall have any rights as a third party beneficiary of any of the provisions hereof. In performing its functions and duties under this Agreement, Agent and Term Loan Servicer shall each act solely as agent of Lenders and does not assume and shall not be deemed to have assumed any obligation toward or relationship of agency or trust with or for any Borrower or any other Credit Party.
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(e)Each of Agent and Term Loan Servicer may, upon any term or condition it specifies, delegate or exercise any of its rights, powers and remedies under, and delegate or perform any of its duties or any other action with respect to, any Financing Document by or through any agents, servicers, trustees, investment managers, employees, attorney-in-fact or any other Person (including any Lender). Any such Person shall benefit from this Article 11 to the extent provided by Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable.
Section 11.2Agents and Affiliates. Agent and Term Loan Servicer shall have the same rights and powers under the Financing Documents as any other Lender and may exercise or refrain from exercising the same as though it were not Agent, and Agent and Term Loan Servicer and their respective Affiliates may lend money to, invest in and generally engage in any kind of business with each Credit Party or Affiliate of any Credit Party as if it were not Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, hereunder.
Section 11.3Action by Agents. The duties of Agent and Term Loan Servicer shall be mechanical and administrative in nature. Neither Agent nor Term Loan Servicer shall have by reason of this Agreement a fiduciary relationship in respect of any Lender. Nothing in this Agreement or any of the Financing Documents is intended to or shall be construed to impose upon Agent or Term Loan Servicer any obligations in respect of this Agreement or any of the Financing Documents except as expressly set forth herein or therein.
Section 11.4Consultation with Experts. Agent and Term Loan Servicer may consult with legal counsel, independent public accountants and other experts selected by it and shall not be liable for any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the advice of such counsel, accountants or experts.
Section 11.5Liability of Agent. None of Agent, Term Loan Servicer nor any of their directors, officers, agents, trustees, investment managers, servicers or employees shall be liable to any Lender for any action taken or not taken by it in connection with the Financing Documents, except that Agent and Term Loan Servicer shall each be liable with respect to its specific duties set forth hereunder but only to the extent of its own gross negligence or willful misconduct in the discharge thereof as determined by a final non-appealable judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction. None of Agent, Term Loan Servicer nor any of their directors, officers, agents, trustees, investment managers, servicers or employees shall be responsible for or have any duty to ascertain, inquire into or verify (a) any statement, warranty or representation made in connection with any Financing Document or any borrowing hereunder; (b) the performance or observance of any of the covenants or agreements specified in any Financing Document; (c) the satisfaction of any condition specified in any Financing Document; (d) the validity, effectiveness, sufficiency or genuineness of any Financing Document, any Lien purported to be created or perfected thereby or any other instrument or writing furnished in connection therewith; (e) the existence or non-existence of any Default or Event of Default; or (f) the financial condition of any Credit Party. Neither Agent nor Term Loan Servicer shall incur any liability by acting in reliance upon any notice, consent, certificate, statement, or other writing (which may be a bank wire, facsimile or electronic transmission or similar writing) believed by it to be genuine or to be signed by the proper party or parties. Neither Agent nor Term Loan Servicer shall be liable for any apportionment or distribution of payments made by it in good faith and if any such apportionment or distribution is subsequently determined to have been made in error the sole recourse of any Lender to whom payment was due but not made, shall be to recover from other Lenders any payment in excess of the amount to which they are determined to be entitled (and such other Lenders hereby agree to return to such Lender any such Erroneous Payments received by them).
Section 11.6Indemnification. Each Lender shall, in accordance with its Pro Rata Share, indemnify Agent and Term Loan Servicer (to the extent not reimbursed by Credit Parties) upon demand against any cost, expense (including counsel fees and disbursements), claim, demand, action, loss or liability (except such as result from Agent’s or Term Loan Servicer’s, as applicable, gross negligence or willful misconduct as determined by a final non-appealable judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction) that Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, may suffer or incur in connection with the Financing Documents or any action taken or omitted by Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, hereunder or thereunder.
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If any indemnity furnished to Agent or Term Loan Servicer for any purpose shall, in the opinion of Agent or Term Loan Servicer (as applicable), be insufficient or become impaired, Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, may call for additional indemnity and cease, or not commence, to do the acts indemnified against even if so directed by Required Lenders until such additional indemnity is furnished.
Section 11.7Right to Request and Act on Instructions. Agent and Term Loan Servicer may at any time request instructions from Lenders with respect to any actions or approvals which by the terms of this Agreement or of any of the Financing Documents Agent or Term Loan Servicer is permitted or desires to take or to grant, and if such instructions are promptly requested, Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, shall be absolutely entitled to refrain from taking any action or to withhold any approval and shall not be under any liability whatsoever to any Person for refraining from any action or withholding any approval under any of the Financing Documents until it shall have received such instructions from Required Lenders or all or such other portion of the Lenders as shall be prescribed by this Agreement. Without limiting the foregoing, no Lender shall have any right of action whatsoever against Agent or Term Loan Servicer as a result of Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, acting or refraining from acting under this Agreement or any of the other Financing Documents in accordance with the instructions of Required Lenders (or all or such other portion of the Lenders as shall be prescribed by this Agreement) and, notwithstanding the instructions of Required Lenders (or such other applicable portion of the Lenders), neither Agent nor Term Loan Servicer shall have any obligation to take any action if it believes, in good faith, that such action would violate applicable Law or exposes Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, to any liability for which it has not received satisfactory indemnification in accordance with the provisions of Section 11.6.
Section 11.8Credit Decision. Each Lender acknowledges that it has, independently and without reliance upon Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any other Lender, and based on such documents and information as it has deemed appropriate, made its own credit analysis and decision to enter into this Agreement. Each Lender also acknowledges that it will, independently and without reliance upon Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any other Lender, and based on such documents and information as it shall deem appropriate at the time, continue to make its own credit decisions in taking or not taking any action under the Financing Documents.
Section 11.9Collateral Matters. Lenders irrevocably authorize Agent, at its option and in its discretion, to (a) release any Lien granted to or held by Agent under any Security Document (i) upon termination of the Revolving Loan Commitment and Term Loan Commitment and payment in full of all Obligations (other than inchoate indemnification obligations for which no claim has yet been made); or (ii) constituting property sold or disposed of as part of or in connection with any disposition permitted under any Financing Document (it being understood and agreed that Agent may conclusively rely without further inquiry on a certificate of a Responsible Officer as to the sale or other disposition of property being made in full compliance with the provisions of the Financing Documents); and (b) subordinate any Lien granted to or held by Agent under any Security Document to a Permitted Lien that is allowed to have priority over the Liens granted to or held by Agent pursuant to the definition of “Permitted Liens”. Upon request by Agent at any time, Lenders will confirm Agent’s authority to release and/or subordinate particular types or items of Collateral pursuant to this Section 11.9. Upon the reasonable request of Borrowers, Agent shall execute and deliver and/or authorize the filing of all documents, in each case in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Agent, to evidence such termination or release of Collateral or Credit Party and to deliver to Credit Parties any such Collateral held by Agent hereunder
Section 11.10Agency for Perfection. Agent and each Lender hereby appoint each other Lender as agent for the purpose of perfecting Agent’s security interest in assets which, in accordance with the Uniform Commercial Code in any applicable jurisdiction, can be perfected by possession or control. Should any Lender (other than Agent) obtain possession or control of any such assets, such Lender shall notify Agent thereof, and, promptly upon Agent’s request therefor, shall deliver such assets to Agent or in accordance with Agent’s instructions or transfer control to Agent in accordance with Agent’s instructions. Each Lender agrees that it will not have any right individually to enforce or seek to enforce any Security Document or to realize upon any Collateral for the Loan unless instructed to do so by Agent (or consented to by Agent), it being understood and agreed that such rights and remedies may be exercised only by Agent.
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Section 11.11Notice of Default. Agent shall not be deemed to have knowledge or notice of the occurrence of any Default or Event of Default except with respect to defaults in the payment of principal, interest and fees required to be paid to Agent for the account of Lenders, unless Agent shall have received written notice from a Lender or a Credit Party referring to this Agreement, describing such Default or Event of Default and stating that such notice is a “notice of default”. Agent will notify each Lender of its receipt of any such notice. Agent shall take such action with respect to such Default or Event of Default as may be requested by Required Lenders (or all or such other portion of the Lenders as shall be prescribed by this Agreement) in accordance with the terms hereof. Unless and until Agent has received any such request, Agent may (but shall not be obligated to) take such action, or refrain from taking such action, with respect to such Default or Event of Default as it shall deem advisable or in the best interests of Lenders.
Section 11.12Assignment by Agent; Resignation of Agent; Successor Agent.
(a)Agent and/or Term Loan Servicer may at any time assign its rights, powers, privileges and duties hereunder to (i) another Lender or an Affiliate of Agent or any Lender or any Approved Fund, or (ii) any Eligible Assignee to whom Agent or Term Loan Servicer, in its capacity as a Lender, has assigned (or will assign, in conjunction with such assignment of agency rights hereunder) 50% or more of its Loan, in each case without the consent of the Lenders or Credit Parties. Following any such assignment, Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, shall endeavor to give notice to the Lenders and Borrowers. Failure to give such notice shall not affect such assignment in any way or cause the assignment to be ineffective. An assignment by Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, pursuant to this subsection (a) shall not be deemed a resignation by Agent for purposes of subsection (b) below.
(b)Without limiting the rights of Agent or Term Loan Servicer to designate an assignee pursuant to subsection (a) above, Agent or Term Loan Servicer may at any time give notice of its resignation to the Lenders and Borrowers. Upon receipt of any such notice of resignation, Required Lenders shall have the right to appoint a successor Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, which successor Agent or Term Loan Servicer shall be an Eligible Assignee. If no such successor shall have been so appointed by Required Lenders and shall have accepted such appointment within ten (10) Business Days after the retiring Agent or Term Loan Servicer gives notice of its resignation, then the retiring Agent or Term Loan Servicer may on behalf of the Lenders, appoint a successor Agent or Term Loan Servicer; provided, however, that if Agent or Term Loan Servicer shall notify Borrowers and the Lenders that no Person has accepted such appointment, then such resignation shall nonetheless become effective in accordance with such notice from Agent or Term Loan Servicer that no Person has accepted such appointment and, from and following delivery of such notice, (i) the retiring Agent or Term Loan Servicer shall be discharged from its duties and obligations hereunder and under the other Financing Documents, and (ii) all payments, communications and determinations provided to be made by, to or through Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, shall instead be made by or to each Lender directly, until such time as Required Lenders appoint a successor Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, as provided for above in this paragraph.
(c)Upon (i) an assignment permitted by subsection (a) above, or (ii) the acceptance of a successor’s appointment as Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, pursuant to subsection (b) above, such successor shall succeed to and become vested with all of the rights, powers, privileges and duties of the retiring (or retired) Agent or Term Loan Servicer, and the retiring Agent or Term Loan Servicer shall be discharged from all of its duties and obligations hereunder and under the other Financing Documents (if not already discharged therefrom as provided above in this paragraph). The fees payable by Borrowers to a successor Agent or Term Loan Servicer shall be the same as those payable to its predecessor unless otherwise agreed between Borrowers and such successor. After the retiring Agent’s resignation or retiring Term Loan Servicer’s resignation (as applicable) hereunder and under the other Financing Documents, the provisions of this Article 11 and Section 11.12 shall continue in effect for the benefit of such retiring Agent or Term Loan Servicer and its sub-agents in respect of
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any actions taken or omitted to be taken by any of them while the retiring Agent or Term Loan Servicer was acting or was continuing to act as Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable.
Section 11.13Payment and Sharing of Payment.
(a)Revolving Loan Advances, Payments and Settlements; Interest and Fee Payments.
(i)Agent shall have the right, on behalf of Revolving Lenders to disburse funds to Borrowers for all Revolving Loans requested or deemed requested by Borrowers pursuant to the terms of this Agreement. Agent shall be conclusively entitled to assume, for purposes of the preceding sentence, that each Revolving Lender, other than any Non-Funding Lenders, will fund its Pro Rata Share of all Revolving Loans requested by Borrowers. Each Revolving Lender shall reimburse Agent on demand, in accordance with the provisions of the immediately following paragraph, for all funds disbursed on its behalf by Agent pursuant to the first sentence of this clause (i), or if Agent so requests, each Revolving Lender will remit to Agent its Pro Rata Share of any Revolving Loan before Agent disburses the same to a Borrower. If Agent elects to require that each Revolving Lender make funds available to Agent, prior to a disbursement by Agent to a Borrower, Agent shall advise each Revolving Lender by telephone, facsimile or e-mail of the amount of such Revolving Lender’s Pro Rata Share of the Revolving Loan requested by such Borrower no later than noon (Eastern time) on the date of funding of such Revolving Loan, and each such Revolving Lender shall pay Agent on such date such Revolving Lender’s Pro Rata Share of such requested Revolving Loan, in same day funds, by wire transfer to the Revolving Loan Payment Account, or such other account as may be identified by Agent to Revolving Lenders from time to time. If any Lender fails to pay the amount of its Pro Rata Share of any funds advanced by Agent pursuant to the first sentence of this clause (i) within one (1) Business Day after Agent’s demand, Agent shall promptly notify Borrower Representative, and Borrowers shall immediately repay such amount to Agent. Any repayment required by Borrowers pursuant to this Section 11.13 shall be accompanied by accrued interest thereon from and including the date such amount is made available to a Borrower to but excluding the date of payment at the rate of interest then applicable to Revolving Loans. Nothing in this Section 11.13 or elsewhere in this Agreement or the other Financing Documents shall be deemed to require Agent to advance funds on behalf of any Lender or to relieve any Lender from its obligation to fulfill its commitments hereunder or to prejudice any rights that Agent or any Borrower may have against any Lender as a result of any default by such Lender hereunder.
(ii)On a Business Day of each week as selected from time to time by Agent, or more frequently (including daily), if Agent so elects (each such day being a “Settlement Date”), Agent will advise each Revolving Lender by telephone, facsimile or e-mail of the amount of each such Revolving Lender’s percentage interest of the Revolving Loan balance as of the close of business of the Business Day immediately preceding the Settlement Date. In the event that payments are necessary to adjust the amount of such Revolving Lender’s actual percentage interest of the Revolving Loans to such Lender’s required percentage interest of the Revolving Loan balance as of any Settlement Date, the Revolving Lender from which such payment is due shall pay Agent, without setoff or discount, to the Payment Account before 1:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on the Business Day following the Settlement Date the full amount necessary to make such adjustment. Any obligation arising pursuant to the immediately preceding sentence shall be absolute and unconditional and shall not be affected by any circumstance whatsoever. In the event settlement shall not have occurred by the date and time specified in the second preceding sentence, interest shall accrue on the unsettled amount at the rate of interest then applicable to Revolving Loans.
(iii)On each Settlement Date, Agent shall advise each Revolving Lender by telephone, facsimile or e-mail of the amount of such Revolving Lender’s percentage interest of principal, interest and fees paid for the benefit of Revolving Lenders with respect to each applicable Revolving Loan, to the extent of such Revolving Lender’s Revolving Loan Exposure with respect thereto, and shall make payment to such Revolving Lender before 1:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on the Business Day following the Settlement Date of such amounts in accordance with wire instructions delivered by such Revolving Lender to Agent, as the same may be modified from time to time by written notice to Agent; provided, however, that, in the case such Revolving Lender is a Defaulted Lender, Agent shall be entitled to set off the funding short-fall against that Defaulted Lender’s respective share of all payments received from any Borrower.
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(iv)On the Closing Date, Agent, on behalf of Lenders, may elect to advance to Borrowers the full amount of the initial Loans to be made on the Closing Date prior to receiving funds from Lenders, in reliance upon each Lender’s commitment to make its Pro Rata Share of such Loans to Borrowers in a timely manner on such date. If Agent elects to advance the initial Loans to Borrower in such manner, Agent shall be entitled to receive all interest that accrues on the Closing Date on each Lender’s Pro Rata Share of such Loans unless Agent receives such Lender’s Pro Rata Share of such Loans before 3:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on the Closing Date.
(v)It is understood that for purposes of advances to Borrowers made pursuant to this Section 11.13, Agent will be using the funds of Agent, and pending settlement, (A) all funds transferred from the Revolving Loan Payment Account to the outstanding Revolving Loans shall be applied first to advances made by Agent to Borrowers pursuant to this Section 11.13, and (B) all interest accruing on such advances shall be payable to Agent.
(vi)The provisions of this Section 11.13(a) shall be deemed to be binding upon Agent and Lenders notwithstanding the occurrence of any Default or Event of Default, or any insolvency or bankruptcy proceeding pertaining to any Borrower or any other Credit Party.
(b)Term Loan Payments. Payments of principal, interest and fees in respect of the Term Loans will be settled on the date of receipt if received by Term Loan Servicer on the last Business Day of a month or on the Business Day immediately following the date of receipt if received on any day other than the last Business Day of a month; provided, however, that, in the case such Lender is a Defaulted Lender, Term Loan Servicer shall be entitled to set off the funding short-fall against that Defaulted Lender’s respective share of all payments received from any Credit Party.
(c)Return of Payments.
(i)If Agent or Term Loan Servicer pays an amount to a Lender under this Agreement in the belief or expectation that a related payment has been or will be received by Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, from a Credit Party and such related payment is not received by Agent, then Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, will be entitled to recover such amount from such Lender on demand without setoff, counterclaim or deduction of any kind, together with interest accruing on a daily basis at the Federal Funds Rate.
(ii)If Agent or Term Loan Servicer determines at any time that any amount received by Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, under this Agreement must be returned to any Credit Party or paid to any other Person pursuant to any insolvency law or otherwise, then, notwithstanding any other term or condition of this Agreement or any other Financing Document, Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, will not be required to distribute any portion thereof to any Lender. In addition, each Lender will repay to Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, on demand any portion of such amount that Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, has distributed to such Lender, together with interest at such rate, if any, as Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, is required to pay to any Credit Party or such other Person, without setoff, counterclaim or deduction of any kind.
(d)Defaulted Lenders. The failure of any Defaulted Lender to make any payment required by it hereunder shall not relieve any other Lender of its obligations to make payment, but neither any other Lender nor Agent nor Term Loan Servicer shall be responsible for the failure of any Defaulted Lender to make any payment required hereunder. Notwithstanding anything set forth herein to the contrary, a Defaulted Lender shall not have any voting or consent rights under or with respect to any Financing Document or constitute a “Lender” (or be included in the calculation of “Required Lenders” hereunder) for any voting or consent rights under or with respect to any Financing Document.
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(e)Sharing of Payments. If any Lender shall obtain any payment or other recovery (whether voluntary, involuntary, by application of setoff or otherwise) on account of any Loan (other than pursuant to the terms of Section 2.8(d)) in excess of its Pro Rata Share of payments entitled pursuant to the other provisions of this Section 11.13, such Lender shall purchase from the other Lenders such participations in extensions of credit made by such other Lenders (without recourse, representation or warranty) as shall be necessary to cause such purchasing Lender to share the excess payment or other recovery ratably with each of them; provided, however, that if all or any portion of the excess payment or other recovery is thereafter required to be returned or otherwise recovered from such purchasing Lender, such portion of such purchase shall be rescinded and each Lender which has sold a participation to the purchasing Lender shall repay to the purchasing Lender the purchase price to the ratable extent of such return or recovery, without interest. Each Credit Party agrees that any Lender so purchasing a participation from another Lender pursuant to this clause (e) may, to the fullest extent permitted by law, exercise all its rights of payment (including pursuant to Section 10.6) with respect to such participation as fully as if such Lender were the direct creditor of Credit Parties in the amount of such participation). If under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law, any Lender receives a secured claim in lieu of a setoff to which this clause (e) applies, such Lender shall, to the extent practicable, exercise its rights in respect of such secured claim in a manner consistent with the rights of the Lenders entitled under this clause (e) to share in the benefits of any recovery on such secured claim.
Section 11.14Right to Perform, Preserve and Protect. If any Credit Party fails to perform any obligation hereunder or under any other Financing Document, Agent itself may, but shall not be obligated to, cause such obligation to be performed at Credit Parties’ expense. Agent is further authorized by the Credit Parties and the Lenders to make expenditures from time to time which Agent, in its reasonable business judgment, deems necessary or desirable to (a) preserve or protect the business conducted by the Credit Parties, the Collateral, or any portion thereof, and/or (b) enhance the likelihood of, or maximize the amount of, repayment of the Loan and other Obligations. Each Credit Party hereby agrees to reimburse Agent on demand for any and all reasonable and documented out-of-pocket costs, liabilities and obligations incurred by Agent pursuant to this Section 11.14. Each Lender hereby agrees to indemnify Agent upon demand for any and all reasonable and documented out-of-pocket costs, liabilities and obligations incurred by Agent pursuant to this Section 11.14, in accordance with the provisions of Section 11.6.
Section 11.15Additional Titled Agents. Except for rights and powers, if any, expressly reserved under this Agreement to any bookrunner, arranger or to any titled agent named on the cover page of this Agreement, other than Agent and Term Loan Servicer (collectively, the “Additional Titled Agents”), and except for obligations, liabilities, duties and responsibilities, if any, expressly assumed under this Agreement by any Additional Titled Agent, no Additional Titled Agent, in such capacity, has any rights, powers, liabilities, duties or responsibilities hereunder or under any of the other Financing Documents. Without limiting the foregoing, no Additional Titled Agent shall have nor be deemed to have a fiduciary relationship with any Lender. At any time that any Lender serving as an Additional Titled Agent shall have transferred to any other Person (other than any Affiliates) all of its interests in the Loan, such Lender shall be deemed to have concurrently resigned as such Additional Titled Agent.
Section 11.16Amendments and Waivers.
(a)No provision of this Agreement or any other Financing Document may be amended, waived or otherwise modified unless such amendment, waiver or other modification is in writing and is signed or otherwise approved by Borrowers, the Required Lenders and any other Lender to the extent required under Section 11.16(b); provided, however, the Fee Letter may be amended, or rights or privileges thereunder waived, in a writing executed only by the parties thereto.
(b)In addition to the required signatures under Section 11.16(a), no provision of this Agreement or any other Financing Document may be amended, waived or otherwise modified unless such amendment, waiver or other modification is in writing and is signed or otherwise approved by the following Persons:
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(i)if any amendment, waiver or other modification would increase a Lender’s funding obligations in respect of any Loan, by such Lender; and/or
(ii)if the rights or duties of Agent are affected thereby, by Agent; and/or
(iii)if the rights or duties of Term Loan Servicer are affected thereby, by Term Loan Servicer,
provided, however, that, in each of (i) and (ii) above, no such amendment, waiver or other modification shall, unless signed or otherwise approved in writing by all the Lenders directly affected thereby, (A) reduce the principal of, rate of interest on or any fees with respect to any Loan or forgive any principal, interest (other than default interest) or fees (other than late charges) with respect to any Loan; (B) postpone the date fixed for, or waive, any payment (other than any mandatory prepayment pursuant to Section 2.1(b)(ii)) of principal of any Loan, or of interest on any Loan (other than default interest) or any fees provided for hereunder (other than late charges) or postpone the date of termination of any commitment of any Lender hereunder; (C) change the definition of the term Required Lenders or the percentage of Lenders which shall be required for Lenders to take any action hereunder; (D) release all or substantially all of the Collateral, authorize any Credit Party to sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of the Collateral, release any Guarantor of all or any portion of the Obligations or its Guarantee obligations with respect thereto, or consent to a transfer of any of the Intellectual Property, except, in each case with respect to this clause (D), as otherwise may be provided in this Agreement or the other Financing Documents (including in connection with any disposition permitted hereunder); (E) amend, waive or otherwise modify this Section 11.16(b) or the definitions of the terms used in this Section 11.16(b) insofar as the definitions affect the substance of this Section 11.16(b); (F) consent to the assignment, delegation or other transfer by any Credit Party of any of its rights and obligations under any Financing Document or release any Credit Party of its payment obligations under any Financing Document, except, in each case with respect to this clause (F), pursuant to a merger or consolidation permitted pursuant to this Agreement; or (G) amend any of the provisions of Section 10.7 or amend any of the definitions Pro Rata Share, Revolving Loan Commitment, Term Loan Commitment, Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitments, Revolving Loan Commitment Amount, Term Loan Commitment Amount, Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitment Amount, Revolving Loan Commitment Percentage, Term Loan Commitment Percentage or that provide for the Lenders to receive their Pro Rata Shares of any fees, payments, setoffs or proceeds of Collateral hereunder. It is hereby understood and agreed that all Lenders shall be deemed directly affected by an amendment, waiver or other modification of the type described in the preceding clauses (C), (D), (E), (F) and (G) of the preceding sentence.
Section 11.17Assignments and Participations.
(a)Assignments.
(i)Any Lender may at any time assign to one or more Eligible Assignees all or any portion of such Lender’s Loan together with all related obligations of such Lender hereunder. Except as Agent may otherwise agree, the amount of any such assignment (determined as of the date of the applicable Assignment Agreement or, if a “Trade Date” is specified in such Assignment Agreement, as of such Trade Date) shall be in a minimum aggregate amount equal to $1,000,000 or, if less, the assignor’s entire interests in the outstanding Loan; provided, however, that, in connection with simultaneous assignments to two or more related Approved Funds, such Approved Funds shall be treated as one assignee for purposes of determining compliance with the minimum assignment size referred to above. Credit Parties, Agent and Term Loan Servicer shall be entitled to continue to deal solely and directly with such Lender in connection with the interests so assigned to an Eligible Assignee until Agent shall have received and accepted an effective Assignment Agreement executed, delivered and fully completed by the applicable parties thereto and a processing fee of $3,500 to be paid by the assigning Lender; provided, however, that only one processing fee shall be payable in connection with simultaneous assignments to two or more related Approved Funds.
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(ii)From and after the date on which the conditions described above have been met, (A) such Eligible Assignee shall be deemed automatically to have become a party hereto and, to the extent of the interests assigned to such Eligible Assignee pursuant to such Assignment Agreement, shall have the rights and obligations of a Lender hereunder, and (B) the assigning Lender, to the extent that rights and obligations hereunder have been assigned by it pursuant to such Assignment Agreement, shall be released from its rights and obligations hereunder (other than those that survive termination pursuant to Section 13.1). Upon the request of the Eligible Assignee (and, as applicable, the assigning Lender) pursuant to an effective Assignment Agreement, each Borrower shall execute and deliver to Agent for delivery to the Eligible Assignee (and, as applicable, the assigning Lender) Notes in the aggregate principal amount of the Eligible Assignee’s Loan (and, as applicable, Notes in the principal amount of that portion of the principal amount of the Loan retained by the assigning Lender). Upon receipt by the assigning Lender of such Note, the assigning Lender shall return to Borrower Representative any prior Note held by it.
(iii)Agent, acting solely for this purpose as an agent of Borrower, shall maintain at the office of its servicer located in Bethesda, Maryland a copy of each Assignment Agreement delivered to it and a register for the recordation of the names and addresses of each Lender, and the commitments of, and principal amount of the Loan owing to, such Lender pursuant to the terms hereof (the “Register”). The entries in such Register shall be conclusive, absent manifest error, and Borrower, Agent, Term Loan Servicer and Lenders shall treat each Person whose name is recorded therein pursuant to the terms hereof as a Lender hereunder for all purposes of this Agreement, notwithstanding notice to the contrary. Such Register shall be available for inspection by Borrower, Term Loan Servicer and any Lender, at any reasonable time upon reasonable prior notice to Agent. Each Lender that sells a participation shall, acting solely for this purpose as an agent of Borrower maintain a register on which it enters the name and address of each participant and the principal amounts (and stated interest) of each participant’s interest in the Obligations (each, a “Participant Register”). The entries in the Participant Registers shall be conclusive, absent manifest error, and such Lender shall treat each Person whose name is recorded in the Participant Register as the owner of such participation for all purposes of this Agreement notwithstanding any notice to the contrary. Each Participant Register shall be available for inspection by Borrower, Agent and Term Loan Servicer at any reasonable time upon reasonable prior notice to the applicable Lender; provided, that no Lender shall have any obligation to disclose all or any portion of the Participant Register (including the identity of any Participant or any information relating to a Participant's interest in any commitments, loans, letters of credit or its other obligations under any Financing Document) to any Person (including Borrower) except to the extent that such disclosure is necessary to establish that such commitment, loan, letter of credit or other obligation is in registered form under Section 5f.103-1(c) of the United States Treasury Regulations. For the avoidance of doubt, Agent (in its capacity as Agent) and Term Loan Servicer (in its capacity as Term Loan Servicer) shall have no responsibility for maintaining a Participant Register.
(iv)Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 11.17(a) or any other provision of this Agreement, any Lender may at any time pledge or assign a security interest in all or any portion of its rights under this Agreement to secure obligations of such Lender, including any pledge or assignment to secure obligations to a Federal Reserve Bank; provided, however, that no such pledge or assignment shall release such Lender from any of its obligations hereunder or substitute any such pledgee or assignee for such Lender as a party hereto.
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(v)Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 11.17(a) or any other provision of this Agreement, Agent has the right, but not the obligation, to effectuate assignments of Loan via an electronic settlement system acceptable to Agent as designated in writing from time to time to the Lenders by Agent (the “Settlement Service”). At any time when Agent elects, in its sole discretion, to implement such Settlement Service, each such assignment shall be effected by the assigning Lender and proposed assignee pursuant to the procedures then in effect under the Settlement Service, which procedures shall be consistent with the other provisions of this Section 11.17(a). Each assigning Lender and proposed Eligible Assignee shall comply with the requirements of the Settlement Service in connection with effecting any assignment of Loan pursuant to the Settlement Service. With the prior written approval of Agent, Agent’s approval of such Eligible Assignee shall be deemed to have been automatically granted with respect to any transfer effected through the Settlement Service. Assignments and assumptions of the Loan shall be effected by the provisions otherwise set forth herein until Agent notifies Lenders of the Settlement Service as set forth herein.
(b)Participations. Any Lender may at any time, without the consent of, or notice to, any Credit Party, Agent or Term Loan Servicer, sell to one or more Persons (other than any Credit Party or any Credit Party’s Affiliates) participating interests in its Loan, commitments or other interests hereunder (any such Person, a “Participant”). In the event of a sale by a Lender of a participating interest to a Participant, (i) such Lender’s obligations hereunder shall remain unchanged for all purposes, (ii) Credit Parties, Agent and Term Loan Servicer shall continue to deal solely and directly with such Lender in connection with such Lender’s rights and obligations hereunder, and (iii) all amounts payable by each Credit Party shall be determined as if such Lender had not sold such participation and shall be paid directly to such Lender; provided, however, that such Participant shall not be entitled to receive any greater payment under Section 2.8 of this Agreement with respect to any participation than it would be entitled to receive if it were a Lender that had acquired its interest by assignment pursuant to Section 11.17(a), except to the extent such entitlement to receive a greater payment results from a change in law that occurs after the Participant acquires the applicable participation. Each participant shall comply with Section 2.8 as if it were a Lender (it being understood that the documentation required under Section 2.8(c) and Section 2.8(e) shall be delivered to the participating Lender). Each Credit Party agrees that if amounts outstanding under this Agreement are due and payable (as a result of acceleration or otherwise), each Participant shall be deemed to have the right of set-off in respect of its participating interest in amounts owing under this Agreement to the same extent as if the amount of its participating interest were owing directly to it as a Lender under this Agreement; provided, however, that such right of set-off shall be subject to the obligation of each Participant to share with Lenders, and Lenders agree to share with each Participant, as provided in Section 11.5.
(c)Replacement of Lenders. Within thirty (30) days after: (i) receipt by Agent of notice and demand from any Lender for payment of Indemnified Taxes or additional costs as provided in Section 2.8, which demand shall not have been revoked, (ii) any Credit Party is required to pay any additional amount to any Lender or any Governmental Authority for the account of any Lender pursuant to Section 2.8(a) through (h), (iii) any Lender is a Defaulted Lender, and the circumstances causing such status shall not have been cured or waived; or (iv) any failure by any Lender to consent to a requested amendment, waiver or modification to any Financing Document in which Required Lenders have already consented to such amendment, waiver or modification but the consent of each Lender, or each Lender affected thereby, is required with respect thereto (each relevant Lender in the foregoing clauses (i) through (iv) being an “Affected Lender”) each of Borrower Representative and Agent may, at its option, notify such Affected Lender and, in the case of Borrowers’ election, Agent, of such Person’s intention to obtain, at Borrowers’ expense, a replacement Lender (“Replacement Lender”) for such Lender, which Replacement Lender shall be an Eligible Assignee and, in the event the Replacement Lender is to replace an Affected Lender described in the preceding clause (iv), such Replacement Lender consents to the requested amendment, waiver or modification making the replaced Lender an Affected Lender. In the event Borrowers or Agent, as applicable, obtains a Replacement Lender within ninety (90) days following notice of its intention to do so, the Affected Lender shall sell, at par, and assign all of its Loan and funding commitments hereunder to such Replacement Lender in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section 11.17(a); provided, however, that (A) Borrowers shall have reimbursed such Lender for its increased costs and additional payments for which it is entitled to reimbursement under Section 2.8(a) through (h), as applicable, of this Agreement through the date of such sale and assignment, and (B) Borrowers shall pay to Agent the $3,500 processing fee in respect of such assignment. In the event that a replaced Lender does not execute an Assignment Agreement pursuant to Section 11.17(a) within five (5) Business Days after receipt by such replaced Lender of notice of replacement pursuant to this Section 11.17(c) and presentation to such replaced Lender of an Assignment Agreement evidencing an assignment pursuant to this Section 11.17(c), such replaced Lender shall be deemed to have consented to the terms of such Assignment Agreement, and any such Assignment Agreement executed by Agent, the Replacement Lender and, to the extent required pursuant to Section 11.17(a), Credit Parties, shall be effective for purposes of this Section 11.17(c) and Section 11.17(a). Upon any such assignment and payment, such replaced Lender shall no longer constitute a “Lender” for purposes hereof, other than with respect to such rights and obligations that survive termination as set forth in Section 13.1.
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(d)Credit Party Assignments. No Credit Party may assign, delegate or otherwise transfer any of its rights or other obligations hereunder or under any other Financing Document without the prior written consent of Agent and each Lender.
Section 11.18Funding and Settlement Provisions Applicable When Non-Funding Lenders Exist. So long as Agent has not waived the conditions to the funding of Loans set forth in Section 7.2 or Section 2.1, any Lender may deliver a notice to Agent stating that such Lender shall cease making Revolving Loans or not fund any tranche of the Term Loan, as applicable, due to the non-satisfaction of one or more conditions to funding Loans set forth in Section 7.2 or Section 2.1, and specifying any such non-satisfied conditions. Any Lender delivering any such notice shall become a non-funding Lender (a “Non-Funding Lender”) for purposes of this Agreement commencing on the Business Day following receipt by Agent of such notice, and shall cease to be a Non-Funding Lender on the date on which such Lender has either revoked the effectiveness of such notice or acknowledged in writing to each of Agent the satisfaction of the condition(s) specified in such notice, or Required Lenders waive the conditions to the funding of such Loans giving rise to such notice by Non-Funding Lender. Each Non-Funding Lender shall remain a Lender for purposes of this Agreement to the extent that such Non-Funding Lender has Revolving Loan Outstanding in excess of Zero Dollars ($0) or Term Loans outstanding in excess of Zero Dollars ($0); provided, however, that during any period of time that any Non-Funding Lender exists, and notwithstanding any provision to the contrary set forth herein, the following provisions shall apply:
(a)For purposes of determining the Pro Rata Share of each Lender under clauses (a) and (b) of the definition of such term, each Non-Funding Lender shall be deemed to have a Revolving Loan Commitment Amount and Term Loan Commitment Amount as in effect immediately before such Lender became a Non-Funding Lender.
(b)Except as provided in clause (a) above, the Revolving Loan Commitment Amount and Term Loan Commitment Amount of each Non-Funding Lender shall be deemed to be Zero Dollars ($0).
(c)The Revolving Loan Commitment at any date of determination during such period shall be deemed to be equal to the sum of (i) the aggregate Revolving Loan Commitment Amounts of all Lenders, other than the Non-Funding Lenders as of such date plus (ii) the aggregate Revolving Loan Outstandings of all Non-Funding Lenders as of such date.
(d)The Term Loan Commitment at any date of determination during such period shall be deemed to be equal to the sum of (i) the aggregate Term Loan Commitment Amounts of all Lenders, other than the Non-Funding Lenders as of such date plus (ii) the aggregate principal amount outstanding under the Term Loans of all Non-Funding Lenders as of such date.
(e)Agent shall have no right to make or disburse Revolving Loans for the account of any Non-Funding Lender pursuant to Section 2.1(b)(i) to pay interest, fees, expenses and other charges of any Credit Party.
(f)To the extent that Agent applies proceeds of Collateral or other payments received by Agent to repayment of Revolving Loans or Term Loans pursuant to Section 10.7, such payments and proceeds shall be applied first in respect of Revolving Loans or Term Loans made at the time any Non-Funding Lenders exist, and second in respect of all other outstanding Revolving Loans or Term Loans, as applicable.
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Article 12– GUARANTY
Section 12.1Guaranty. Each Guarantor hereby (a) unconditionally guarantees, as a primary obligor and not merely as a surety, jointly and severally with each other Guarantor when and as due, whether at maturity, by acceleration, by notice of prepayment or otherwise, the due and punctual performance of all of the Obligations, including payment in full of the principal, accrued but unpaid interest and all other amounts due and owing to the Agent, Term Loan Servicer and Lenders under the Loans and (b) indemnifies each Lender immediately on demand against any reasonable and documented out-of-pocket cost, loss or liability suffered by such Lender if any obligations guaranteed by it are or become unenforceable, invalid, voided, avoid or illegal, the amount of which such cost, loss or liability shall be equal to the amount which such Lender would otherwise be entitled to recover. Each payment made by any Guarantor pursuant to this Article 12 shall be made in lawful money of the United States in immediately available funds. Each Guarantor hereby acknowledges and agrees that it is an Affiliate of a Borrower or other interested party and will derive significant economic benefit from the Loans.
Section 12.2Payment of Amounts Owed. The Guarantee hereunder is an absolute, unconditional and continuing guarantee of the full and punctual payment and performance of all of the Obligations and not of their collectability only and is in no way conditioned upon any requirement that the Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender first attempt to collect any of the Obligations from any Borrower or resort to any collateral security or other means of obtaining payment. In the event of any default by Borrowers in the payment of the Obligations, after the expiration of any applicable cure or grace period, each Guarantor agrees, on demand by Agent (which demand may be made concurrently with notice to Borrowers that the Borrowers are in default of their obligations), to pay the Obligations, regardless of any defense, right of set-off or recoupment or claims which any Borrower or Guarantor may have against Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders or the holder of the Notes. All of the remedies set forth in this Agreement, in any other Financing Document or at law or equity shall be equally available to Agent, Term Loan Servicer and Lenders, and the choice by Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders of one such alternative over another shall not be subject to question or challenge by any Guarantor or any other person, nor shall any such choice be asserted as a defense, setoff, recoupment or failure to mitigate damages in any action, proceeding, or counteraction by Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders to recover or seeking any other remedy under this Guarantee, nor shall such choice preclude Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders from subsequently electing to exercise a different remedy.
Section 12.3Certain Waivers by Guarantor. To the fullest extent permitted by law, each Guarantor does hereby: (a)
(a)waive notice of acceptance of this Agreement by Agent, Term Loan Servicer and Lenders and any and all notices and demands of every kind which may be required to be given by any statute, rule or law;
(b)agree to refrain from asserting, until after repayment in full of the Obligations, any defense, right of set-off, right of recoupment or other claim which such Guarantor may have against any Borrower;
(c)waive any defense, right of set-off, right of recoupment or other claim which such Guarantor may have against Agent, Term Loan Servicer, Lenders or the holder of the Notes;
(d)waive any and all rights such Guarantor may have under any anti-deficiency statute or other similar protections;
(e)waive all rights at law or in equity to seek subrogation, contribution, indemnification or any other form of reimbursement or repayment from any Borrower, any other Guarantor or any other person or entity now or hereafter primarily or secondarily liable for any of the Obligations until the Obligations have been paid in full;
(f)waive presentment for payment, demand for payment, notice of nonpayment or dishonor, protest and notice of protest, diligence in collection and any and all formalities which otherwise might be legally required to charge such Guarantor with liability;
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(g)waive the benefit of all appraisement, valuation, marshalling, forbearance, stay, extension, redemption, homestead, exemption and moratorium laws now or hereafter in effect;
(h)waive any defense based on the incapacity, lack of authority, death or disability of any other person or entity or the failure of Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders to file or enforce a claim against the estate of any other person or entity in any administrative, bankruptcy or other proceeding;
(i)waive any defense based on an election of remedies by Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders, whether or not such election may affect in any way the recourse, subrogation or other rights of such Guarantor against any Borrower, any other Guarantor or any other person in connection with the Obligations;
(j)waive any defense based on the failure of the Agent or Lenders to (i) provide notice to such Guarantor of a sale or other disposition of any of the security for any of the Obligations, or (ii) conduct such a sale or disposition in a commercially reasonable manner;
(k)waive any defense based on the negligence of Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders in administering this Agreement or the other Financing Documents (including, but not limited to, the failure to perfect any security interest in any Collateral), or taking or failing to take any action in connection therewith, provided, however, that such waiver shall not apply to the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders, as determined by the final, non-appealable decision of a court having proper jurisdiction;
(l)waive the defense of expiration of any statute of limitations affecting the liability of such Guarantor hereunder or the enforcement hereof;
(m)waive any right to file any Claim (as defined below) as part of, and any right to request consolidation of any action or proceeding relating to a Claim with, any action or proceeding filed or maintained by Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders to collect any Obligations of such Guarantor to Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders hereunder or to exercise any rights or remedies available to Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders under the Financing Documents, at law, in equity or otherwise;
(n)agree that neither Agent, Term Loan Servicer nor Lenders shall have any obligation to obtain, perfect or retain a security interest in any property to secure any of the Obligations (including any mortgage or security interest contemplated by the Financing Documents), or to protect or insure any such property;
(o)waive any obligation Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders may have to disclose to such Guarantor any facts the Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders now or hereafter may know or have reasonably available to it regarding the Borrowers or Borrowers’ financial condition, whether or not the Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders have a reasonable opportunity to communicate such facts or have reason to believe that any such facts are unknown to such Guarantor or materially increase the risk to such Guarantor beyond the risk such Guarantor intends to assume hereunder;
(p)agree that neither Agent, Term Loan Servicer nor Lenders shall be liable in any way for any decrease in the value or marketability of any property securing any of the Obligations which may result from any action or omission of the Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders in enforcing any part of this Agreement;
(q)waive any defense based on any invalidity, irregularity or unenforceability, in whole or in part, of any one or more of the Financing Documents;
(r)waive any defense based on any change in the composition of Borrowers, and
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(s)waive any defense based on any representations and warranties made by such Guarantor herein or by any Borrower herein or in any of the Financing Documents.
For purposes of this section, the term “Claim” shall mean any claim, action or cause of action, defense, counterclaim, set-off or right of recoupment of any kind or nature against the Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders, its officers, directors, employees, agents, members, actuaries, accountants, trustees or attorneys, or any affiliate of the Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders in connection with the making, closing, administration, collection or enforcement by the Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders of the Obligations.
Section 12.4Guarantor’s Obligations Not Affected by Modifications of Financing Documents. Each Guarantor further agrees that such Guarantor’s liability as guarantor shall not be impaired or affected by any renewals or extensions which may be made from time to time, with or without the knowledge or consent of Guarantor for the time for payment of interest or principal or by any forbearance or delay in collecting interest or principal hereunder, or by any waiver by Agent or Lenders under this Agreement or any other Financing Documents, or by Agent’s, Term Loan Servicer’s or Lenders’ failure or election not to pursue any other remedies it may have against any Borrower or Guarantor, or by any change or modification in the Notes, this Agreement or any other Financing Document, or by the acceptance by Agent or Lenders of any additional security or any increase, substitution or change therein, or by the release by Agent or Lenders of any security or any withdrawal thereof or decrease therein, or by the application of payments received from any source to the payment of any obligation other than the Obligations even though Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders might lawfully have elected to apply such payments to any part or all of the Obligations, it being the intent hereof that, subject to Agent’s, Term Loan Servicer’s or Lenders’ compliance with the terms of this Article 12 and the Financing Documents, each Guarantor shall remain liable for the payment of the Obligations, until the Obligations have been paid in full, notwithstanding any act or thing which might otherwise operate as a legal or equitable discharge of a surety. Each Guarantor further understands and agrees that Agent or Lenders may at any time enter into agreements with Borrowers to amend, modify and/or increase the principal amount of, interest rate applicable to or other economic and non-economic terms of this Agreement or the other Financing Documents, and may waive or release any provision or provisions of this Agreement or the other Financing Documents, and, with reference to such instruments, may make and enter into any such agreement or agreements as Agent, Lenders and Borrowers may deem proper and desirable, without in any manner impairing this Guarantee or any of Agent’s, Term Loan Servicer’s or Lenders’ rights hereunder or each Guarantor’s obligations hereunder, and each Guarantor’s obligations hereunder shall apply to the this Agreement and other Financing Documents as so amended, modified, extended, renewed or increased.
Section 12.5Reinstatement; Deficiency. This guaranty shall continue to be effective or be reinstated (as the case may be) if at any time payment of all or any part of any sum payable pursuant to this Agreement or any other Financing Document is rescinded or otherwise required to be returned by Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders upon the insolvency, bankruptcy, dissolution, liquidation, or reorganization of any Borrower, or upon or as a result of the appointment of a receiver, intervenor, custodian or conservator of or trustee or similar officer for, any Borrower or any substantial part of its property, or otherwise, all as though such payment to Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders had not been made, regardless of whether Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders contested the order requiring the return of such payment. In the event of the foreclosure of the Financing Documents and of a deficiency, each Guarantor hereby promises and agrees forthwith to pay the amount of such deficiency notwithstanding the fact that recovery of said deficiency against Borrowers would not be allowed by applicable law; however, the foregoing shall not be deemed to require that Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders institute foreclosure proceedings or otherwise resort to or exhaust any other collateral or security prior to or concurrently with enforcing this guaranty.
Section 12.6Subordination of Borrowers’ Obligations to Guarantors; Claims in Bankruptcy.
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(a)Any indebtedness of any Borrower to any Guarantor (including, but not limited to, any right of such Guarantor to a return of any capital contributed to a Borrower), whether now or hereafter existing, is hereby subordinated to the payment of the Obligations. Each Guarantor agrees that, until the Obligations have been paid in full, such Guarantor will not seek, accept, or retain for its own account, any payment from any Borrower on account of such subordinated debt. Any payments to any Guarantor on account of such subordinated debt shall be collected and received by such Guarantor in trust for Agent and Lenders and shall be immediately paid over to Agent, for the benefit of Agent and Lenders, on account of the Obligations without impairing or releasing the obligations of such Guarantor hereunder.
(b)Each Guarantor shall promptly file in any bankruptcy or other proceeding in which the filing of claims is required by law, all claims and proofs of claims that such Guarantor may have against any Borrower or any other Guarantor and does hereby assign to Agent or its nominee (and will, upon request of Agent, reconfirm in writing the assignment to Agent or its nominee of) all rights of such Guarantor under such claims. If such Guarantor does not file any such claim, Agent, as attorney-in-fact for such Guarantor, is hereby irrevocably authorized to do so in the name of such Guarantor, or in Agent’s discretion, to assign the claim to a designee and cause proof of claim to be filed in the name of Agent’s designee. In all such cases, whether in administration, bankruptcy or otherwise, the person or persons authorized to pay such claim shall pay to Agent, for the benefit of Agent and Lenders, the full amount thereof and, to the full extent necessary for that purpose, each Guarantor hereby assigns to the Lenders all of such Guarantor’s rights to any such payments or distributions to which such Guarantor would otherwise be entitled, such assignment being a present and irrevocable assignment of all such rights.
Section 12.7Maximum Liability. The provisions of this Article 12 are severable, and in any action or proceeding involving any state corporate law, or any state, federal or foreign bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other law affecting the rights of creditors generally, if the obligations of any Guarantor under this Article 12 would otherwise be held or determined to be avoidable, invalid or unenforceable on account of the amount of such Guarantor’s liability under this Article 12, then, notwithstanding any other provision of this Article 12 to the contrary, the amount of such liability shall, without any further action by the Guarantors or the Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender, be automatically limited and reduced to the highest amount that is valid and enforceable as determined in such action or proceeding (such highest amount determined hereunder being the relevant Guarantor’s “Maximum Liability”). This Section 12.7 with respect to the Maximum Liability of each Guarantor is intended solely to preserve the rights of the Agent, Term Loan Servicer and the Lenders to the maximum extent not subject to avoidance under applicable law, and no Guarantor nor any other Person shall have any right or claim under this Section 12.7 with respect to such Maximum Liability, except to the extent necessary so that the obligations of any Guarantor hereunder shall not be rendered voidable under applicable law. Each Guarantor agrees that the Obligations may at any time and from time to time exceed the Maximum Liability of each Guarantor without impairing this guaranty or affecting the rights and remedies of the Agent, Term Loan Servicer or the Lenders hereunder, provided that, nothing in this sentence shall be construed to increase any Guarantor’s obligations hereunder beyond its Maximum Liability.
Section 12.8Guarantor’s Investigation. Each Guarantor acknowledges receipt of a copy of each of this Agreement and the other Financing Documents. Each Guarantor has made an independent investigation of the other Credit Parties and of the financial condition of the other Credit Parties. Neither Agent, Term Loan Servicer nor any Lender has made and neither Agent, Term Loan Servicer nor any Lender does make any representations or warranties as to the income, expense, operation, finances or any other matter or thing affecting any Credit Party nor has Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender made any representations or warranties as to the amount or nature of the Obligations of any Credit Party to which this Article 12 applies as specifically herein set forth, nor has Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender or any officer, agent or employee of Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender or any representative thereof, made any other oral representations, agreements or commitments of any kind or nature, and each Guarantor hereby expressly acknowledges that no such representations or warranties have been made and such Guarantor expressly disclaims reliance on any such representations or warranties.
Section 12.9Termination. The provisions of this Article 12 shall remain in effect until this Agreement has terminated pursuant to its terms and all Obligations (other than inchoate indemnity obligations for which no claim has been made and any other obligations which, by their terms, are to survive the termination of this Agreement) have been paid and satisfied in full.
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Section 12.10Representative. Each Guarantor hereby designates Borrower Representative and its representatives and agents on its behalf for the purpose of giving and receiving all notices and other consents hereunder or under any other Financing Document and taking all other actions on behalf of such Guarantor under the Financing Documents. Borrower Representative hereby accepts such appointment.
Section 12.11Guarantor Acknowledgement. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each Guarantor, by its acceptance of this Guaranty, hereby confirms that it is a Subsidiary of a Borrower and each Guarantor further confirms that it will materially benefit from the Loans made hereunder and the parties hereto intend that this Guaranty not constitute a fraudulent transfer or conveyance for purposes of the Bankruptcy Law (as defined below), the Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act, the Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act or any similar federal, state or foreign law to the extent applicable to this Guaranty. In furtherance of that intention, the liabilities of each Guarantor under this Guaranty (the “Liabilities”) shall be limited to the maximum amount that will, after giving effect to such maximum amount and all other contingent and fixed liabilities of such Guarantor that are relevant under such laws, and after giving effect to any collections from, rights to receive contribution from or payments made by or on behalf of any other Person with respect to the Liabilities, result in the Liabilities of such Guarantor under this Guaranty not constituting a fraudulent transfer or conveyance. For purposes hereof, “Bankruptcy Law” means the United States Bankruptcy Code, or any similar federal, state or foreign law for the relief of debtors. This paragraph with respect to the maximum liability of each Guarantor is intended solely to preserve the rights of the holders, to the maximum extent not subject to avoidance under applicable law, and neither a Guarantor nor any other Person shall have any right or claim under this paragraph with respect to such maximum liability, except to the extent necessary so that the obligations of a Guarantor hereunder shall not be rendered voidable under applicable law. Each Guarantor agrees that the Obligations guaranteed hereunder may at any time and from time to time exceed the maximum liability of such Guarantor without impairing this Guaranty or affecting the rights and remedies of the holders hereunder; provided that nothing in this sentence shall be construed to increase such Guarantor’s obligations hereunder beyond its maximum liability.
Article 13- MISCELLANEOUS
Section 13.1Survival. All agreements, representations and warranties made herein and in every other Financing Document shall survive the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the other Financing Documents. The provisions of Section 2.10 and Articles 11 and 13 shall survive the payment of the Obligations (both with respect to any Lender and all Lenders collectively) and any termination of this Agreement and any judgment with respect to any Obligations, including any final foreclosure judgment with respect to any Security Document, and no unpaid or unperformed, current or future, Obligations will merge into any such judgment.
Section 13.2No Waivers. No failure or delay by Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender in exercising any right, power or privilege under any Financing Document shall operate as a waiver thereof nor shall any single or partial exercise thereof preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege. The rights and remedies herein and therein provided shall be cumulative and not exclusive of any rights or remedies provided by law. Any reference in any Financing Document to the “continuing” nature of any Event of Default shall not be construed as establishing or otherwise indicating that any Borrower or any other Credit Party has the independent right to cure any such Event of Default, but is rather presented merely for convenience should such Event of Default be waived in accordance with the terms of the applicable Financing Documents.
Section 13.3Notices.
(a)All notices, requests and other communications to any party hereunder shall be in writing (including prepaid overnight courier, email or similar writing) and shall be given to such party at its address or e-mail address set forth below or on the signature pages hereof (or, in the case of any such Lender who becomes a Lender after the date hereof, in an Assignment Agreement or in a notice delivered to Borrower Representative and Agent by the assignee Lender forthwith upon such
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assignment) or at such other address or e-mail address as such party may hereafter specify for the purpose by notice to Agent and Borrower Representative; provided, however, that notices, requests or other communications shall be permitted by electronic means only in accordance with the provisions of Section 13.3(b) and (c). Each such notice, request or other communication shall be effective (i) if given by electronic means, in accordance with the provisions of Section 13.3(b) and (c), or (ii) if given by mail, prepaid overnight courier or any other means, when received or when receipt is refused at the applicable address specified by this Section 13.3(a).
If to any Credit Party:
NeuroPace, Inc., as Borrower Representative
455 N. Bernardo Avenue
Mountain View, CA 94043
Attn: Rebecca Kuhn, Leah Akin
Email: rkuhn@neuropace.com, lakin@neuropace.com

If to Agent or to MCF (or any of its Affiliates or Approved Funds) as a Lender:
MidCap Funding IV Trust
c/o MidCap Financial Services, LLC, as servicer
7255 Woodmont Ave, Suite 300
Bethesda, MD 20814
Attn: Account Manager for NeuroPace transaction
Email: notices@midcapfinancial.com
With a copy to:
MidCap Funding IV Trust
c/o MidCap Financial Services, LLC, as servicer
7255 Woodmont Ave, Suite 300
Bethesda, MD 20814
Attn: Legal
Email: legalnotices@midcapfinancial.com
If to Term Loan Servicer:
MidCap Financial Trust
c/o MidCap Financial Services, LLC, as servicer
7255 Woodmont Ave, Suite 300
Bethesda, MD 20814
Attn: Account Manager for NeuroPace transaction
Email: notices@midcapfinancial.com
With a copy to:
MidCap Financial Trust
c/o MidCap Financial Services, LLC, as servicer
7255 Woodmont Ave, Suite 300
Bethesda, MD 20814
Attn: Legal
Email: legalnotices@midcapfinancial.com
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If to any Lender other than MidCap: at the address set forth on the signature pages to this Agreement or provided as a notice address for such in connection with any assignment hereunder.
(b)Notices and other communications to the parties hereto may be delivered or furnished by electronic communication (including e-mail and Internet or intranet websites) pursuant to procedures approved from time to time by Agent, provided, however, that the foregoing shall not apply to notices sent directly to any Lender if such Lender has notified Agent that it is incapable of receiving notices by electronic communication. Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Borrower Representative may, in their discretion, agree to accept notices and other communications to them hereunder by electronic communications pursuant to procedures approved by it, provided, however, that approval of such procedures may be limited to particular notices or communications.
(c)Unless Agent otherwise prescribes, (i) notices and other communications sent to an e-mail address shall be deemed received upon the sender’s receipt of an acknowledgment from the intended recipient (such as by the “return receipt requested” function, as available, return e-mail or other written acknowledgment), and (ii) notices or communications posted to an Internet or intranet website shall be deemed received upon the deemed receipt by the intended recipient at its e-mail address as described in the foregoing clause (i) of notification that such notice or communication is available and identifying the website address therefor, provided, however, that if any such notice or other communication is not sent or posted during normal business hours, such notice or communication shall be deemed to have been sent at the opening of business on the next Business Day.
Section 13.4Severability. In case any provision of or obligation under this Agreement or any other Financing Document shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions or obligations, or of such provision or obligation in any other jurisdiction, shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.
Section 13.5Headings. Headings and captions used in the Financing Documents (including the Exhibits, Schedules and Annexes hereto and thereto) are included for convenience of reference only and shall not be given any substantive effect.
Section 13.6Confidentiality.
(a)Agent, Term Loan Servicer and each Lender shall hold all non-public information regarding the Credit Parties and their respective businesses identified as such by Credit Parties and obtained by Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender pursuant to the requirements hereof in accordance with such Person’s customary procedures for handling information of such nature, except that disclosure of such information may be made (i) to their respective agents, employees, Subsidiaries, Affiliates, attorneys, auditors, professional consultants, rating agencies, insurance industry associations and portfolio management services, (ii) to prospective transferees or purchasers of any interest in the Loans, Agent, Term Loan Servicer or a Lender, provided, however, that any such Persons are bound by obligations of confidentiality similar to or more stringent than this Section 13.6, (iii) as required by applicable Law, subpoena, judicial order or similar order and in connection with any litigation, (iv) as may be required in connection with the examination, audit or similar investigation of such Person, provided that all participants have agree to keep such information confidential (subject to customary exceptions), (v) as Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender considers necessary in exercising remedies under the Financing Documents or at any time an Event of Default exists hereunder, and (vi) to a Person that is a trustee, investment advisor or investment manager, collateral manager, servicer (including any Term Loan Servicer), noteholder or secured party in a Securitization (as hereinafter defined) in connection with the administration, servicing and reporting on the assets serving as collateral for such Securitization who have agreed to keep such information confidential (subject to customary exceptions). For the purposes of this Section, “Securitization” means (A) the pledge of the Loans as collateral security for loans to a Lender, or (B) a public or private offering by a Lender or any of its Affiliates or their respective successors and assigns, of securities which represent an interest in, or which are collateralized, in whole or in part, by the Loans. Confidential information shall include only such information identified as such at the time provided to Agent and shall not include information that either: (y) is in the public domain, or becomes part of the public domain after disclosure to such Person through no fault of such Person, or (z) is disclosed to such Person by a Person other than a Credit Party,
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provided, however, Agent does not have actual knowledge that such Person is prohibited from disclosing such information. The obligations of Agent, Term Loan Servicer and Lenders under this Section 13.6 shall supersede and replace the obligations of Agent, Term Loan Servicer and Lenders under any confidentiality agreement in respect of this financing executed and delivered by Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender prior to the date hereof.
Section 13.7Waiver of Consequential and Other Damages. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, no Credit Party shall assert, and each Credit Party hereby waives, any claim against any Indemnitee (as defined below), on any theory of liability, for special, indirect, consequential or punitive damages (as opposed to direct or actual damages) arising out of, in connection with, or as a result of this Agreement, any other Financing Document or any agreement or instrument contemplated hereby or thereby, the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby, any Loan or the use of the proceeds thereof. No Indemnitee shall be liable for any damages arising from the use by unintended recipients of any information or other materials distributed by it through telecommunications, electronic or other information transmission systems in connection with this Agreement or the other Financing Documents or the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby.
Section 13.8GOVERNING LAW; SUBMISSION TO JURISDICTION.
(a)THIS AGREEMENT, EACH NOTE AND EACH OTHER FINANCING DOCUMENT, AND ALL DISPUTES AND OTHER MATTERS RELATING HERETO OR THERETO OR ARISING THEREFROM (WHETHER SOUNDING IN CONTRACT LAW, TORT LAW OR OTHERWISE), SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND SHALL BE CONSTRUED AND ENFORCED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, WITHOUT REGARD TO CONFLICTS OF LAWS PRINCIPLES (OTHER THAN SECTION 5-1401 OF THE GENERAL OBLIGATIONS LAW).
(b)EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY CONSENTS TO THE JURISDICTION OF ANY STATE OR FEDERAL COURT LOCATED IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN, AND IRREVOCABLY AGREES THAT ALL ACTIONS OR PROCEEDINGS ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE OTHER FINANCING DOCUMENTS SHALL BE LITIGATED IN SUCH COURTS. EACH PARTY HERETO EXPRESSLY SUBMITS AND CONSENTS TO THE JURISDICTION OF THE AFORESAID COURTS AND WAIVES ANY DEFENSE OF FORUM NON CONVENIENS. EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY WAIVES PERSONAL SERVICE OF ANY AND ALL PROCESS AND AGREES THAT ALL SUCH SERVICE OF PROCESS MAY BE MADE UPON SUCH PARTY BY CERTIFIED OR REGISTERED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED, ADDRESSED TO SUCH PARTY AT THE ADDRESS SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT AND SERVICE SO MADE SHALL BE COMPLETE TEN (10) DAYS AFTER THE SAME HAS BEEN POSTED.
Section 13.9WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL.
(a)EACH CREDIT PARTY, AGENT, TERM LOAN SERVICER, AND THE LENDERS HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL ACTION OR PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THE FINANCING DOCUMENTS OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED THEREBY AND AGREES THAT ANY SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING SHALL BE TRIED BEFORE A COURT AND NOT BEFORE A JURY. EACH CREDIT PARTY, AGENT, TERM LOAN SERVICER, AND EACH LENDER ACKNOWLEDGES THAT THIS WAIVER IS A MATERIAL INDUCEMENT TO ENTER INTO A BUSINESS RELATIONSHIP, THAT EACH HAS RELIED ON THE WAIVER IN ENTERING INTO THIS AGREEMENT AND THE OTHER FINANCING DOCUMENTS, AND THAT EACH WILL CONTINUE TO RELY ON THIS WAIVER IN THEIR RELATED FUTURE DEALINGS. EACH CREDIT PARTY, AGENT, TERM LOAN SERVICER AND EACH LENDER WARRANTS AND REPRESENTS THAT IT HAS HAD THE OPPORTUNITY OF REVIEWING THIS JURY WAIVER WITH LEGAL COUNSEL, AND THAT IT KNOWINGLY AND VOLUNTARILY WAIVES ITS JURY TRIAL RIGHTS.
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(b)In the event any such action or proceeding is brought or filed in any United States federal court sitting in the State of California or in any state court of the State of California, and the waiver of jury trial set forth in Section 13.9(a) hereof is determined or held to be ineffective or unenforceable, the parties agree that (i) actions or proceedings shall be resolved by reference to a private judge sitting without a jury, pursuant to California Code of Civil Procedure Section 638, before a mutually acceptable referee or, if the parties cannot agree, a referee selected by the Presiding Judge of Los Angeles County, California; (ii) such referee shall hear and determine all of the issues in any action or proceeding (whether of fact or of law), including issues pertaining to a “provisional remedy” as defined in California Code of Civil Procedure Section 1281.8, including without limitation, entering restraining orders, entering temporary restraining orders, issuing temporary and permanent injunctions and appointing receivers, and shall report a statement of decision, provided that, if during the course of any dispute any party desires to seek such a “provisional remedy” but a referee has not been appointed, or is otherwise unavailable to hear the request for such provisional remedy, then such party may apply to the Los Angeles County Superior Court for such provisional relief; and (iii) pursuant to California Code of Civil Procedure Section 644, judgment may be entered upon the decision of such referee in the same manner as if such action or proceeding had been tried directly by a court. Such proceeding shall be conducted in Los Angeles County, California, with California rules of evidence and discovery applicable to such proceeding. In the event any actions or proceedings are to be resolved by judicial reference, any party may seek from any court having jurisdiction thereover any prejudgment order, writ or other relief and have such prejudgment order, writ or other relief enforced to the fullest extent permitted by Law notwithstanding that all actions or proceedings are otherwise subject to resolution by judicial reference. Each Borrower, Agent and the Lenders further represents and warrants and represents that it has reviewed this consent and agreement with legal counsel of its own choosing, or has had an opportunity to do so, and that it knowingly and voluntarily gives this consent and enters into this Agreement having had the opportunity to consult with legal counsel. This consent and agreement is irrevocable, meaning that it may not be modified either orally or in writing, and this consent and agreement shall apply to any subsequent amendments, renewals, supplements, or modifications to this Agreement or any other agreement or document entered into between the parties in connection with this Agreement. In the event of litigation, this Agreement may be filed as evidence of either or both parties’ consent and agreement to have any and all actions and proceedings heard and determined by a referee under California Code of Civil Procedure Section 638. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the parties acknowledge and agree that this provision shall have no application to any non-judicial foreclosure of all or any portion of the Collateral constituting real property (whether pursuant to the provisions of the Financing Documents or applicable law).
(c)Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, each Borrower, Agent and the Lenders understand, acknowledge and agree that (i) the provisions of Section 13.9(b) of this Agreement above shall have no application to any non-judicial foreclosure and/or private (i.e., non-judicial) sale under the California Commercial Code as to all or any portion of Collateral constituting real property whether pursuant to the provisions of the Financing Documents or applicable law; provided, however, in the event Borrower contests the same, then the provisions of Section 13.9(b) above shall apply to any actions or proceedings arising therefrom (but not the non-judicial foreclosure proceeding, which may remain pending), and (ii) the provisions of Section 13.9(b) above shall not be deemed to be a waiver by, or a limitation upon, the rights of Agent or the Lenders to proceed with a non-judicial foreclosure or private sale under said Commercial Code as a permitted remedy hereunder or under applicable law.
Section 13.10Publication; Advertisement.
(a)Publication. No Credit Party will directly or indirectly publish, disclose or otherwise use in any public disclosure, advertising material, promotional material, press release or interview, any reference to the name, logo or any trademark of MCF or any of its Affiliates or any reference to this Agreement or the financing evidenced hereby, in any case except (i) as required by Law, subpoena or judicial or similar order, in which case the applicable Credit Party shall give Agent prior written notice of such publication or other disclosure, or (ii) with MCF’s prior written consent.
(b)Advertisement. Subject to the last sentence in this Section 13.10(b), each Lender and each Credit Party hereby authorizes MCF to publish the name of such Lender and Credit Party, the
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existence of the financing arrangements referenced under this Agreement, the primary purpose and/or structure of those arrangements, the amount of credit extended under each facility, the title and role of each party to this Agreement, and the total amount of the financing evidenced hereby in any “tombstone”, comparable advertisement or press release which MCF elects to submit for publication. In addition, each Lender and each Credit Party agrees that MCF may provide lending industry trade organizations with information necessary and customary for inclusion in league table measurements after the Closing Date. With respect to any of the foregoing, MCF shall provide Borrowers with an opportunity to review and confer with MCF regarding the contents of any such tombstone, advertisement or information, as applicable, prior to its submission for publication and, following such review period, MCF shall not make any such submission without Borrower’s express written consent; provided, that after Borrower has provided such written consent, MCF may, from time to time, publish such information in any media form desired by MCF until such time that Borrowers shall have requested MCF cease any such further publication.
Section 13.11Counterparts; Integration. This Agreement and the other Financing Documents may be signed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be an original, with the same effect as if the signatures thereto and hereto were upon the same instrument. Signatures by facsimile or by electronic mail delivery of an electronic version of any executed signature page shall bind the parties hereto. In furtherance of the foregoing, the words “execution”, “signed”, “signature”, “delivery” and words of like import in or relating to any document to be signed in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby shall be deemed to include Electronic Signatures, deliveries or the keeping of records in electronic form, each of which shall be of the same legal effect, validity or enforceability as a manually executed signature, physical delivery thereof or the use of a paper-based recordkeeping system, as the case may be, to the extent and as provided for in any applicable law, including the Federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, the New York State Electronic Signatures and Records Act, or any other similar state laws based on the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act.  As used herein, “Electronic Signature” means an electronic sound, symbol, or process attached to, or associated with, a contract or other record and adopted by a Person with the intent to sign, authenticate or accept such contract or other record. This Agreement and the other Financing Documents constitute the entire agreement and understanding among the parties hereto and supersede any and all prior agreements and understandings, oral or written, relating to the subject matter hereof.
Section 13.12No Strict Construction. The parties hereto have participated jointly in the negotiation and drafting of this Agreement. In the event an ambiguity or question of intent or interpretation arises, this Agreement shall be construed as if drafted jointly by the parties hereto and no presumption or burden of proof shall arise favoring or disfavoring any party by virtue of the authorship of any provisions of this Agreement.
Section 13.13Lender Approvals. Unless expressly provided herein to the contrary, any approval, consent, waiver or satisfaction of Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders with respect to any matter that is the subject of this Agreement, the other Financing Documents may be granted or withheld by Agent, Term Loan Servicer and Lenders in their sole and absolute discretion and credit judgment.
Section 13.14Expenses; Indemnity
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(a)Except with respect to Indemnified Taxes, Other Taxes and Excluded Taxes, which shall be governed exclusively by Section 2.8, Credit Parties hereby agree to promptly pay (i) all reasonable and documented out-of-pocket costs and expenses of Agent and Term Loan Servicer (including, without limitation, the fees, costs and expenses of counsel to, and independent appraisers and consultants retained by Agent, (but limited, in the case of legal fees and expenses, to the reasonable, documented and out-of-pocket fees, costs and expenses of one (1) primary external counsel to the Agent and the Lenders collectively (and, to the extent reasonably necessary, one (1) additional local external counsel to such Persons collectively in each relevant jurisdiction, one (1) additional regulatory or other specialist counsel (including restructuring counsel) with respect to each regulatory or specialist area, and in the case of an actual or perceived conflict of interest, one (1) additional counsel)) retained by Agent) in connection with the examination, review, due diligence investigation, documentation, negotiation, closing and syndication of the transactions contemplated by the Financing Documents, in connection with the performance by Agent or Term Loan Servicer of its rights and remedies under the Financing Documents and in connection with the continued administration of the Financing Documents including (A) any amendments, modifications, consents and waivers to and/or under any and all Financing Documents, and (B) any periodic public record searches conducted by or at the request of Agent (including, without limitation, title investigations, UCC searches, fixture filing searches, judgment, pending litigation and tax lien searches and searches of applicable corporate, limited liability, partnership and related records concerning the continued existence, organization and good standing of certain Persons); (ii) without limitation of the preceding clause (i), all reasonable and documented out-of-pocket costs and expenses of Agent in connection with the creation, perfection and maintenance of Liens pursuant to the Financing Documents other than disputes solely among Lenders and/or Agent (other than any claims against such person in its capacity or in fulfilling its role as Agent, arranger or any similar role hereunder) to the extent such disputes do not arise from any act or omission of any Credit Party or of any Affiliate of a Credit Party; (iii) without limitation of the preceding clause (i), all documented out-of-pocket costs and expenses of Agent and/or Term Loan Servicer in connection with (A) protecting, storing, insuring, handling, maintaining or selling any Collateral, (B) any litigation, dispute, suit or proceeding relating to any Financing Document, and (C) any workout, collection, bankruptcy, insolvency and other enforcement proceedings under any and all of the Financing Documents; (iv) without limitation of the preceding clause (i), all reasonable and documented out-of-pocket costs and expenses of Agent in connection with Agent’s reservation of funds in anticipation of the funding of the initial Loans to be made hereunder; and (v) all documented out-of-pocket costs and expenses incurred by Lenders in connection with any litigation, dispute, suit or proceeding relating to any Financing Document, other than disputes solely among Lenders and/or Agent and/or Term Loan Servicer (other than any claims against such person in its capacity or in fulfilling its role as Agent, Term Loan Servicer, arranger or any similar role hereunder) to the extent such disputes do not arise from any act or omission of any Credit Party or of any Affiliate of a Credit Party, and in connection with any workout, collection, bankruptcy, insolvency and other enforcement proceedings under any and all Financing Documents, whether or not Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders are a party thereto.
(b)Each Credit Party hereby agrees to indemnify, pay and hold harmless Agent, Term Loan Servicer and Lenders and the officers, directors, employees, trustees, agents, investment advisors and investment managers, collateral managers, servicers, and counsel of Agent, Term Loan Servicer and Lenders (collectively called the “Indemnitees”) from and against any and all liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, penalties, actions, judgments, suits, claims, documented out-of-pocket costs, expenses and disbursements of any kind or nature whatsoever (including the documented out-of-pocket fees and disbursements of counsel for such Indemnitee) in connection with any investigative, response, remedial, administrative or judicial matter or proceeding, whether or not such Indemnitee shall be designated a party thereto and including any such proceeding initiated by or on behalf of a Credit Party, and the reasonable expenses of investigation by engineers, environmental consultants and similar technical personnel and any commission, fee or compensation claimed by any broker (other than any broker retained by Agent or Lenders) asserting any right to payment for the transactions contemplated hereby, which may be imposed on, incurred by or asserted against such Indemnitee as a result of or in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby or by the other Financing Documents (including (i)(A) as a direct or indirect result of the presence on or under, or escape, seepage, leakage, spillage, discharge, emission or release from, any property now or previously owned, leased or operated by a Credit Party, any Subsidiary or any other Person of any Hazardous Materials, (B) arising out of or relating to the offsite disposal of any materials generated or present on any such property, or (C) arising out of or resulting from the environmental condition of any such property or the applicability of any governmental requirements relating to Hazardous Materials, whether or not occasioned wholly or in part by any condition, accident or event caused by any act or omission of a Credit Party or any Subsidiary, and (ii) proposed and actual extensions of credit under this Agreement) and the use or intended use of the proceeds of the Loans, except that Credit Parties shall have no obligation hereunder to an Indemnitee with respect to any liability resulting from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Indemnitee, as determined by a final non-appealable judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction. To the extent that the undertaking set forth in the immediately preceding sentence may be unenforceable, Credit Parties shall contribute the maximum portion which it is permitted to pay and satisfy under applicable Law to the payment and satisfaction of all such indemnified liabilities incurred by the Indemnitees or any of them. This Section 13.14(b) shall not apply with respect to Taxes other than any Taxes that represent liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, claims etc. arising from any non-Tax claim.
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(c)Notwithstanding any contrary provision in this Agreement, the obligations of Credit Parties under this Section 13.14 shall survive the payment in full of the Obligations and the termination of this Agreement. NO INDEMNITEE SHALL BE RESPONSIBLE OR LIABLE TO THE CREDIT PARTIES OR TO ANY OTHER PARTY TO ANY FINANCING DOCUMENT, ANY SUCCESSOR, ASSIGNEE OR THIRD PARTY BENEFICIARY OR ANY OTHER PERSON ASSERTING CLAIMS DERIVATIVELY THROUGH SUCH PARTY, FOR INDIRECT, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WHICH MAY BE ALLEGED AS A RESULT OF CREDIT HAVING BEEN EXTENDED, SUSPENDED OR TERMINATED UNDER THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY OTHER FINANCING DOCUMENT OR AS A RESULT OF ANY OTHER TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREUNDER OR THEREUNDER.
(d)Each Borrower for itself and all endorsers, guarantors and sureties and their heirs, legal representatives, successors and assigns, hereby further specifically waives any rights that it may have under Section 1542 of the California Civil Code (to the extent applicable), which provides as follows: “A GENERAL RELEASE DOES NOT EXTEND TO CLAIMS WHICH THE CREDITOR DOES NOT KNOW OR SUSPECT TO EXIST IN HIS OR HER FAVOR AT THE TIME OF EXECUTING THE RELEASE, WHICH IF KNOWN BY HIM OR HER MUST HAVE MATERIALLY AFFECTED HIS OR HER SETTLEMENT WITH THE DEBTOR,” and further waives any similar rights under applicable Laws.
Section 13.15Reserved.
Section 13.16Reinstatement. This Agreement shall remain in full force and effect and continue to be effective should any petition or other proceeding be filed by or against any Credit Party for liquidation or reorganization, should any Credit Party become insolvent or make an assignment for the benefit of any creditor or creditors or should an interim receiver, receiver, receiver and manager or trustee be appointed for all or any significant part of any Credit Party’s assets, and shall continue to be effective or to be reinstated, as the case may be, if at any time payment and performance of the Obligations, or any part thereof, is, pursuant to applicable law, rescinded or reduced in amount, or must otherwise be restored or returned by any obligee of the Obligations, whether as a fraudulent preference reviewable transaction or otherwise, all as though such payment or performance had not been made. In the event that any payment, or any part thereof, is rescinded, reduced, restored or returned, the Obligations shall be reinstated and deemed reduced only by such amount paid and not so rescinded, reduced, restored or returned.
Section 13.17Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Credit Parties and Agent, Term Loan Servicer and each Lender and their respective successors and permitted assigns.
Section 13.18USA PATRIOT Act Notification. Agent (for itself and not on behalf of any Lender), Term Loan Servicer (for itself and not on behalf of any Lender), and each Lender hereby notifies Credit Parties that pursuant to the requirements of the USA PATRIOT Act, it is required to obtain, verify and record certain information and documentation that identifies Credit Parties, which information includes the name and address of the Credit Parties and such other information that will allow Agent, Term Loan Servicer, or such Lender, as applicable, to identify Credit Parties in accordance with the USA PATRIOT Act.
Section 13.19Acknowledgement and Consent to Bail-In of Affected Financial Institutions. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any Financing Document or in any other agreement, arrangement or understanding among any such parties, each party hereto acknowledges that any liability of any Affected Financial Institution arising under any Financing Document, to the extent such liability is unsecured, may be subject to the Write-Down and Conversion Powers of the applicable Resolution Authority and agrees and consents to, and acknowledges and agrees to be bound by:
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(h)the application of any Write-Down and Conversion Powers by the applicable Resolution Authority to any such liabilities arising hereunder which may be payable to it by any party hereto that is an Affected Financial Institution; and
(i)the effects of any Bail-In Action on any such liability, including, if applicable:
(i)a reduction in full or in part or cancellation of any such liability;
(ii)a conversion of all, or a portion of, such liability into shares or other instruments of ownership in such Affected Financial Institution, its parent undertaking, or a bridge institution that may be issued to it or otherwise conferred on it, and that such shares or other instruments of ownership will be accepted by it in lieu of any rights with respect to any such liability under this Agreement or any other Financing Document; or
(iii)the variation of the terms of such liability in connection with the exercise of the Write-Down and Conversion Powers of the applicable Resolution Authority.
Section 13.20Erroneous Payments.
(a)Each Lender and any other party hereto hereby severally agrees that if (i) the Agent or Term Loan Servicer notifies (which such notice shall be conclusive absent manifest error) such Lender (or the Lender which is an Affiliate of a Lender) or any other Person that has received funds from the Agent, the Term Loan Servicer or any of their Affiliates, either for its own account or on behalf of a Lender (each such recipient, a “Payment Recipient”) that the Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, has determined in its sole discretion that any funds received by such Payment Recipient were erroneously transmitted to, or otherwise erroneously or mistakenly received by, such Payment Recipient (whether or not known to such Payment Recipient) or (ii) any Payment Recipient receives any payment from the Agent or Term Loan Servicer (or any of their Affiliates) (x) that is in a different amount than, or on a different date from, that specified in a notice of payment, prepayment or repayment sent by the Agent or the Term Loan Servicer (or any of their Affiliates) with respect to such payment, prepayment or repayment, as applicable, (y) that was not preceded or accompanied by a notice of payment, prepayment or repayment sent by the Agent or Term Loan Servicer (or any of their Affiliates) with respect to such payment, prepayment or repayment, as applicable, or (z) that such Payment Recipient otherwise becomes aware was transmitted or received in error or by mistake (in whole or in part) then, in each case, an error in payment shall be presumed to have been made (any such amounts specified in clauses (i) or (ii) of this Section 13.20(a), whether received as a payment, prepayment or repayment of principal, interest, fees, distribution or otherwise; individually and collectively, an “Erroneous Payment”), then, in each case, such Payment Recipient is deemed to have knowledge of such error at the time of its receipt of such Erroneous Payment; provided that nothing in this Section shall require the Agent or Term Loan Servicer to provide any of the notices specified in clauses (i) or (ii) above. Each Payment Recipient agrees that it shall not assert any right or claim to any Erroneous Payment, and hereby waives any claim, counterclaim, defense or right of set-off or recoupment with respect to any demand, claim or counterclaim by the Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, for the return of any Erroneous Payments, including without limitation waiver of any defense based on “discharge for value” or any similar doctrine.
(b)Without limiting the immediately preceding clause (a), each Payment Recipient agrees that, in the case of clause (a)(ii) above, it shall promptly notify the Agent and Term Loan Servicer in writing of such occurrence.
(c)In the case of either clause (a)(i) or (a)(ii) above, such Erroneous Payment shall at all times remain the property of the Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, and shall be segregated by the Payment Recipient and held in trust for the benefit of the Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, and upon demand from the Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, such Payment Recipient shall (or, shall cause any Person who received any portion of an Erroneous Payment on its behalf to), promptly, but in all events no later than one Business Day thereafter, return to the Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, the amount of any such Erroneous Payment (or portion thereof) as to which such a demand was made in same day funds and in the currency so received, together with interest thereon in respect of each day from and including the date such Erroneous Payment (or portion thereof) was received by such Payment Recipient to the date such amount is repaid to the Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, at the greater of the Federal Funds Rate and a rate determined by the Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, in accordance with banking industry rules on interbank compensation from time to time in effect.
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(d)In the event that an Erroneous Payment (or portion thereof) is not recovered by the Agent or Term Loan Servicer for any reason, after demand therefor by the Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, in accordance with immediately preceding clause (c), from any Lender that is a Payment Recipient or an Affiliate of a Payment Recipient (such unrecovered amount as to such Lender, an “Erroneous Payment Return Deficiency”), then at the sole discretion of the Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, and upon the Agent’s or Term Loan Servicer’s, as applicable, written notice to such Lender (i) such Lender shall be deemed to have made a cashless assignment of the full face amount of the portion of its Loans (but not its Term Loan Commitment Amount or Revolving Loan Commitment Amount, as applicable) with respect to which such Erroneous Payment was made (the “Erroneous Payment Impacted Loans”) to the Agent or Term Loan Servicer or, at the option of the Agent or Term Loan Servicer (as applicable), the Agent’s or Term Loan Servicer’s applicable lending affiliate (such assignee, the “Agent Assignee”) in an amount that is equal to the Erroneous Payment Return Deficiency (or such lesser amount as the Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, may specify) (such assignment of the Loans (but not its Term Loan Commitment Amount or Revolving Loan Commitment Amount, as applicable) of the Erroneous Payment Impacted Loans, the “Erroneous Payment Deficiency Assignment”) plus any accrued and unpaid interest on such assigned amount, without further consent or approval of any party hereto and without any payment by the Agent Assignee as the assignee of such Erroneous Payment Deficiency Assignment. Without limitation of its rights hereunder, following the effectiveness of the Erroneous Payment Deficiency Assignment, the Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, may make a cashless reassignment to the applicable assigning Lender of any Erroneous Payment Deficiency Assignment at any time by written notice to the applicable assigning Lender and upon such reassignment all of the Loans assigned pursuant to such Erroneous Payment Deficiency Assignment shall be reassigned to such Lender without any requirement for payment or other consideration. The parties hereto acknowledge and agree that (1) any assignment contemplated in this clause (d) shall be made without any requirement for any payment or other consideration paid by the applicable assignee or received by the assignor, (2) the provisions of this clause (d) shall govern in the event of any conflict with the terms and conditions of Section 11.17 and (3) the Agent may reflect such assignments in the Register without further consent or action by any other Person.
(e)Each party hereto hereby agrees that (x) in the event an Erroneous Payment (or portion thereof) is not recovered from any Payment Recipient that has received such Erroneous Payment (or portion thereof) for any reason, the Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable (1) shall be subrogated to all the rights of such Payment Recipient and (2) is authorized to set off, net and apply any and all amounts at any time owing to such Payment Recipient under any Financing Document, or otherwise payable or distributable by the Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, to such Payment Recipient from any source, against any amount due to the Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, under this Section 13.20 or under the indemnification provisions of this Agreement, (y) the receipt of an Erroneous Payment by a Payment Recipient shall not for the purpose of this Agreement be treated as a payment, prepayment, repayment, discharge or other satisfaction of any Obligations owed by the Borrower or any other Credit Party, except, in each case, to the extent such Erroneous Payment is, and solely with respect to the amount of such Erroneous Payment that is, comprised of funds received by the Agent or the Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, from the Borrower or any other Credit Party for the purpose of making for a payment on the Obligations and (z) to the extent that an Erroneous Payment was in any way or at any time credited as payment or satisfaction of any of the Obligations, the Obligations or any part thereof that were so credited, and all rights of the Payment Recipient, as the case may be, shall be reinstated and continue in full force and effect as if such payment or satisfaction had never been received.
(f)Each party’s obligations under this Section 13.20 shall survive the resignation or replacement of the Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, or any transfer of right or obligations by, or the replacement of, a Lender, the termination of the Term Loan Commitments, the Revolving Loan Commitments or the repayment, satisfaction or discharge of all Obligations (or any portion thereof) under any Financing Document.
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(g)The provisions of this Section 13.20 to the contrary notwithstanding, (i) nothing in this Section 13.20 will constitute a waiver or release of any claim of any party hereunder arising from any Payment Recipient’s receipt of an Erroneous Payment and (ii) there will only be deemed to be a recovery of the Erroneous Payment to the extent that Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, has received payment from the Payment Recipient in immediately available funds the Erroneous Payment Return Deficiency, whether directly from the Payment Recipient, as a result of the exercise by Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, of its rights of subrogation or set off as set forth above in clause (e) or as a result of the receipt by Agent Assignee of a payment of the outstanding principal balance of the Loans assigned to Agent Assignee pursuant to an Erroneous Payment Deficiency Assignment, but excluding any other amounts in respect thereof (it being agreed that any payments of interest, fees, expenses or other amounts (other than principal) received by Agent Assignee in respect of the Loans assigned to Agent Assignee pursuant to an Erroneous Payment Deficiency Assignment shall be the sole property of the Agent Assignee and shall not constitute a recovery of the Erroneous Payment).
[SIGNATURES APPEAR ON FOLLOWING PAGE(S)]
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, intending to be legally bound, each of the parties have caused this Agreement to be executed as of the day and year first above mentioned.
BORROWERS:
NEUROPACE, INC.
By:    /s/ Rebecca Kuhn    
Name: Rebecca Kuhn
Title: Chief Financial Officer, Vice President, Finance and Administration






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AGENT:

MIDCAP FUNDING IV TRUST

By:     Apollo Capital Management, L.P.,     
its investment manager

By:     Apollo Capital Management GP, LLC,
its general partner

    
By: /s/ Maurice Amsellem
    Name: Maurice Amsellem
    Title: Authorized Signatory


Address:
c/o MidCap Financial Services, LLC, as servicer
7255 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 300
Bethesda, Maryland 20814
Attn: Account Manager for NeuroPace transaction
E-mail: notices@midcapfinancial.com

with a copy to:

c/o MidCap Financial Services, LLC, as servicer
7255 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 300
Bethesda, Maryland 20814
Attn: General Counsel
E-mail: legalnotices@midcapfinancial.com




TERM LOAN SERVICER:

MIDCAP FINANCIAL TRUST

By:     Apollo Capital Management, L.P.,     
its investment manager

By:     Apollo Capital Management GP, LLC,
its general partner

    
By: /s/ Maurice Amsellem
    Name: Maurice Amsellem
    Title: Authorized Signatory


Address:
c/o MidCap Financial Services, LLC, as servicer
7255 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 300
Bethesda, Maryland 20814
Attn: Account Manager for NeuroPace transaction
E-mail: notices@midcapfinancial.com

with a copy to:

c/o MidCap Financial Services, LLC, as servicer
7255 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 300
Bethesda, Maryland 20814
Attn: General Counsel
E-mail: legalnotices@midcapfinancial.com








LENDER:
MIDCAP FINANCIAL TRUST

By:     Apollo Capital Management, L.P.,     
its investment manager

By:     Apollo Capital Management GP, LLC,
its general partner

    
By: /s/ Maurice Amsellem
    Name: Maurice Amsellem
    Title: Authorized Signatory




LENDER:
MFIC GAMMA SPV, LLC
By: MidCap Financial Investment Corporation, its Sole Member

By: /s/ Kristin Hester
Name: Kristin Hester
Title: Chief Legal Officer
 




ANNEXES, EXHIBITS AND SCHEDULES
ANNEXES
Annex A        Commitment Annex

EXHIBITS 
Exhibit A        [Reserved]
Exhibit B        Form of Compliance Certificate
Exhibit C        Borrowing Base Certificate
Exhibit D        Form of Notice of Borrowing
Exhibit E-1        Form of U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate
Exhibit E-2        Form of U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate
Exhibit E-3        Form of U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate
Exhibit E-4        Form of U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate
Exhibit F        Closing Checklist
Exhibit G        Form of Assignment Agreement

SCHEDULES
Schedule 3.1        Existence, Organizational ID Numbers, Foreign Qualification, Prior Names
Schedule 3.4        Capitalization
Schedule 3.6        Litigation
Schedule 3.17        Material Contracts
Schedule 3.18        Environmental Compliance
Schedule 3.19        Intellectual Property and Material License Agreements
Schedule 4.9        Litigation, Governmental Proceedings and Other Notice Events
Schedule 4.17        Products; Regulatory Required Permits
Schedule 5.1        Debt; Contingent Obligations
Schedule 5.2        Liens;
Schedule 5.7        Permitted Investments
Schedule 5.8        Affiliate Transactions
Schedule 5.11        Business Description
Schedule 5.14        Deposit Accounts and Securities Accounts
Schedule 6.1        Applicable Minimum Net Revenue Threshold
Schedule 7.4        Post-Closing Obligations
Schedule 9.1        Collateral
Schedule 9.2(b)        Location of Collateral
Schedule 9.2(d)    Chattel Paper, Letter of Credit Rights, Commercial Tort Claims, Instruments, Documents, Investment Property

EX-31.1 5 exhibit311certificationsq2.htm EX-31.1 Document

Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATIONS
I, Joel Becker, certify that:
1.    I have reviewed this Form 10-Q of NeuroPace, Inc.;
2.    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.    The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a)    Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)    Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)    Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)    Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.    The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)    All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)    Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.



Date: August 12, 2025 By:  /s/ Joel Becker
Joel Becker
President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)


EX-31.2 6 exhibit312certificationsq2.htm EX-31.2 Document

Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATIONS
I, Patrick Williams, certify that:
1.    I have reviewed this Form 10-Q of NeuroPace, Inc.;
2.    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.    The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a)    Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)    Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)    Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)    Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.    The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)    All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)    Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


Date: August 12, 2025 By:  /s/ Patrick Williams
Patrick Williams
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
    
EX-32.1 7 exhibit321certificationsq2.htm EX-32.1 Document

Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION
Pursuant to the requirement set forth in Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (the “Exchange Act”) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (18 U.S.C. §1350), Joel Becker, Chief Executive Officer of NeuroPace, Inc. (the “Company”), and Patrick Williams, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, each hereby certifies that, to the best of his knowledge:
1.The Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2025, to which this Certification is attached as Exhibit 32.1 (the “Periodic Report”), fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; and
2.The information contained in the Periodic Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

In Witness Whereof, the undersigned have set their hands hereto as of the 12th day of August 2025.

By: /s/ Joel Becker By:  /s/ Patrick Williams
Joel Becker Patrick Williams
President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
This certification accompanies the Form 10-Q to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of NeuroPace, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (whether made before or after the date of the Form 10-Q), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.