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 ☒      QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

☐     TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐  No ☒ 

Number of shares of registrant's common stock outstanding as of May 3, 2024: 36,659,581

The following terms are used throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this "Quarterly Report"):

"Argus WTI Midland"—An index price reflecting the weighted average price of WTI at the pipeline and storage hub at Midland.

"Argus WTI Formula Basis"—The outright price at Cushing that is used as the basis for pricing all other Argus US Gulf coast physical crudes.

"Basin"—A large natural depression on the earth's surface in which sediments, generally brought by water, accumulate.

"Bbl" or "barrel"—One stock tank barrel, of 42 U.S. gallons liquid volume, used herein in reference to crude oil, condensate, natural gas liquids or water.

"Bbl/d"—Bbl per day.

"Benchmark Prices"—The unweighted arithmetic average first-day-of-the-month price for each month within the 12-month period prior to the end of the reporting period before differentials, as required by SEC guidelines.

"BOE"—One barrel of oil equivalent, calculated by converting natural gas to oil equivalent barrels at a ratio of six Mcf of natural gas to one Bbl of oil.

"BOE/d"—BOE per day.

"Btu"—British thermal unit, the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a one pound mass of water by one degree Fahrenheit.

"Completion"—The process of treating a drilled well followed by the installation of permanent equipment for the production of oil or natural gas, or in the case of a dry hole, the reporting of abandonment to the appropriate agency.

"Dry hole"—A well found to be incapable of producing hydrocarbons in sufficient quantities such that proceeds from the sale of such production exceed production expenses and taxes.

"Exchange Act" —The Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

"Formation"—A layer of rock which has distinct characteristics that differ from nearby rock.

"Fracturing" or "Frac"—The propagation of fractures in a rock layer by a pressurized fluid. This technique is used to release petroleum and natural gas for extraction.

"GAAP"—Generally accepted accounting principles in the United States.

"Gross acres"—The total acres or wells, as the case may be, in which a working interest is owned.

"Henry Hub"—A natural gas pipeline delivery point in south Louisiana that serves as the benchmark natural gas price underlying NYMEX natural gas futures contracts.

"Horizon" —A term used to denote a surface in or of rock, or a distinctive layer of rock that might be represented by a reflection in seismic data.

"Initial Production"—The measurement of production from an oil or gas well when first brought on stream. Often stated in terms of production during the first thirty days.

"Liquids"—Describes oil, condensate and natural gas liquids.

"MBbl"—One thousand barrels of crude oil, condensate or natural gas liquids.

"MBOE"—One thousand BOE.

"Mcf"—One thousand cubic feet of natural gas.

"MMBtu"—One million Btu.

"MMcf"—One million cubic feet of natural gas.

"Natural gas liquids" or "NGL"—Components of natural gas that are separated from the gas state in the form of liquids, which include propane, butanes and ethane, among others.

"Net acres"—The percentage of gross acres an owner has out of a particular number of acres, or a specified tract. An owner who has 50% interest in 100 acres owns 50 net acres.

"NYMEX"—The New York Mercantile Exchange.

"OPEC"—The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.

"Proved reserves"—The estimated quantities of oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids that geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be commercially recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions.

"Realized Prices"—Prices which reflect adjustments to the Benchmark Prices for quality, transportation fees, geographical differentials, marketing bonuses or deductions and other factors affecting the price received at the delivery point without giving effect to our commodity derivative transactions.

"Reservoir"—A porous and permeable underground formation containing a natural accumulation of producible oil and/or natural gas that is confined by impermeable rock or water barriers and is separate from other reservoirs.

"SEC" — The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

"Securities Act" — The Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

"Senior Secured Credit Facility" — The Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement among Vital Energy, Inc., as borrower, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, Vital Midstream Services, LLC, as guarantor, and the banks signatory thereto.

"Spacing"—The distance between wells producing from the same reservoir.

"Standardized measure"—Discounted future net cash flows estimated by applying Realized Prices to the estimated future production of year-end proved reserves. Future cash inflows are reduced by estimated future production and development costs based on period end costs to determine pre-tax cash inflows. Future income taxes, if applicable, are computed by applying the statutory tax rate to the excess of pre-tax cash inflows over our tax basis in the oil and natural gas properties. Future net cash inflows after income taxes are discounted using a 10% annual discount rate.

"WAHA"—Waha West Texas Natural Gas Index price as quoted in Platt's Inside FERC.

"Working interest" or "WI"—The right granted to the lessee of a property to explore for and to produce and own crude oil, natural gas liquids, natural gas or other minerals. The working interest owners bear the exploration, development and operating costs on either a cash, penalty or carried basis.

"WTI"—West Texas Intermediate grade crude oil. A light (low density) and sweet (low sulfur) crude oil, used as a pricing benchmark for NYMEX oil futures contracts.

Various statements contained in or incorporated by reference into this Quarterly Report are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. These forward-looking statements include statements, projections and estimates concerning our operations, performance, business strategy, oil, NGL and natural gas reserves, drilling program capital expenditures, liquidity and capital resources, the timing and success of specific projects, outcomes and effects of litigation, claims and disputes, derivative activities and potential financing. Forward-looking statements are generally accompanied by words such as "estimate," "project," "predict," "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "potential," "could," "may," "will," "foresee," "plan," "goal," "should," "intend," "pursue," "target," "continue," "suggest" or the negative thereof or other variations thereof or other words that convey the uncertainty of future events or outcomes. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance. These statements are based on certain assumptions and analyses made by us in light of our experience and our perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments as well as other factors we believe are appropriate under the circumstances. Among the factors that significantly impact our business and could impact our business in the future are:

•the volatility of oil, NGL and natural gas prices, including our area of operation in the Permian Basin;

•continuing and/or worsening inflationary pressures and associated changes in monetary policy that may cause costs to rise;

•changes in domestic and global production, supply and demand for oil, NGL and natural gas, and actions by the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries members and other oil exporting nations ("OPEC+");

•our ability to execute our strategies, including our ability to successfully identify and consummate strategic acquisitions at purchase prices that are accretive to our financial results and to successfully integrate acquired businesses, assets and properties;

•our ability to realize the anticipated benefits of acquisitions, including effectively managing our expanded acreage;

•reduced demand due to shifting market perception towards the oil and gas industry;

•our ability to optimize spacing, drilling and completions techniques in order to maximize our rate of return, cash flows from operations and stockholder value;

•the ongoing instability and uncertainty in the United States ("U.S.") and international energy, financial and consumer markets that could adversely affect the liquidity available to us and our customers and the demand for commodities, including oil, NGL and natural gas;

•competition in the oil and gas industry;

•our ability to discover, estimate, develop and replace oil, NGL and natural gas reserves and inventory;

•insufficient transportation capacity in the Permian Basin and challenges associated with such constraint, and the availability and costs of sufficient gathering, processing, storage and export capacity;

•a decrease in production levels which may impair our ability to meet our contractual obligations and ability to retain our leases;

•risks associated with the uncertainty of potential drilling locations and plans to drill in the future;

•the inability of significant customers to meet their obligations;

•revisions to our reserve estimates as a result of changes in commodity prices, decline curves and other uncertainties;

•the availability and costs of drilling and production equipment, supplies, labor and oil and natural gas processing and other services;

•the effects, duration and other implications of, including government response to, widespread epidemic or pandemic diseases;

•ongoing war and political instability in Ukraine, Israel and the Middle East and the effects of such conflicts on the global hydrocarbon market;

•loss of senior management or other key personnel;

•risks related to the geographic concentration of our assets;

•capital requirements for our operations and projects;

•our ability to hedge commercial risk, including commodity price volatility, and regulations that affect our ability to hedge such risks;

•our ability to continue to maintain the borrowing capacity under our Senior Secured Credit Facility (as defined herein) or access other means of obtaining capital and liquidity, especially during periods of sustained low commodity prices;

•our ability to comply with restrictions contained in our debt agreements, including our Senior Secured Credit Facility and the indentures governing our senior unsecured notes, as well as debt that could be incurred in the future;

•our ability to generate sufficient cash to service our indebtedness and pay dividends on our 2.0% Mandatorily Convertible Series A Preferred Stock, fund our capital requirements and generate future profits;

•drilling and operating risks, including risks related to hydraulic fracturing activities and those related to inclement or extreme weather, impacting our ability to produce existing wells and/or drill and complete new wells over an extended period of time;

•the impact of legislation or regulatory initiatives intended to address induced seismicity on our ability to conduct our operations;

•U.S. and international economic conditions and legal, tax, political and administrative developments, including the effects of energy, trade and environmental policies and existing and future laws and government regulations as well as volatility in the political, legal and regulatory environments ahead of the upcoming U.S. presidential election;

•our ability to comply with federal, state and local regulatory requirements;

•the impact of repurchases, if any, of securities from time to time;

•our ability to maintain the health and safety of, as well as recruit and retain, qualified personnel necessary to operate our business;

•our ability to secure or generate sufficient electricity to produce our wells without limitations; and

•our belief that the outcome of any legal proceedings will not materially affect our financial results and operations.

Reserve engineering is a process of estimating underground accumulations of oil, NGL and natural gas that cannot be measured in an exact way. The accuracy of any reserve estimate depends on the quality of available data, the interpretation of such data and price and cost assumptions made by reserve engineers. In addition, the results of drilling, testing and production activities may justify upward or downward revisions of estimates that were made previously. If significant, such revisions would change the schedule of any further production and development drilling. Accordingly, reserve estimates may differ significantly from the quantities of oil, NGL and natural gas that are ultimately recovered.

These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those suggested by the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements should therefore be considered in light of various factors, including those set forth under "Part I, Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, and under "Item 1A. Risk Factors," in "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 (the "2023 Annual Report") and those set forth from time to time in our other filings with the SEC. These documents are available through our website or through the SEC's Electronic Data Gathering and Analysis Retrieval system at https://www.sec.gov. In light of such risks and uncertainties, we caution you not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report, or if earlier, as of the date they were made.

Should one or more of the risks or uncertainties described herein occur, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, our actual results and plans could differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements, expressed or implied, included in this Quarterly Report are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. This cautionary statement should also be considered in connection with any subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements that we or persons acting on our behalf may issue. Except as otherwise required by applicable law, we disclaim any duty to update any forward-looking statements, all of which are expressly qualified by the statements in this section, to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Quarterly Report.

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(1)See Note 10 for additional information on the Company's restricted cash as of March 31, 2023.

Vital Energy, Inc. ("Vital Energy" or the "Company"), together with its wholly-owned subsidiaries, is an independent energy company focused on the acquisition, exploration and development of oil and natural gas properties in the Permian Basin of West Texas. The Company has identified one operating segment: exploration and production. In these notes, the "Company" refers to Vital Energy and its subsidiaries collectively, unless the context indicates otherwise. All amounts, dollars and percentages presented in these unaudited consolidated financial statements and the related notes are rounded and, therefore, approximate.

The unaudited consolidated financial statements were derived from the historical accounting records of the Company and reflect the historical financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods described herein. The unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. All material intercompany transactions and account balances have been eliminated in the consolidation of accounts.

The unaudited consolidated financial statements have not been audited by the Company's independent registered public accounting firm, except that the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023 is derived from the Company's audited consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, the unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all necessary adjustments to present fairly the Company's interim financial position, results of operations and cash flows. All adjustments are of a recurring nature unless otherwise disclosed herein.

Certain disclosures have been condensed or omitted from the unaudited consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, the unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the 2023 Annual Report.

There have been no material changes in the Company's significant accounting policies during the three months ended March 31, 2024. See Note 2 in the 2023 Annual Report for discussion of significant accounting policies.

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Although management believes these estimates are reasonable, actual results could differ.

See Note 2 in the 2023 Annual Report for further information regarding the use of estimates and assumptions.

The Company considered the applicability and impact of all accounting standard updates ("ASU") issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") to the Accounting Standards Codification. ASUs not discussed were assessed and determined to be either not applicable, the effects of adoption are not expected to be material or are clarifications of ASUs previously disclosed. There were no new material ASUs adopted during the three months ended March 31, 2024. See below for discussion of ASUs not yet adopted.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which sets forth improvements to the current segment disclosure requirements in accordance with Topic 280 "Segment Reporting," including clarifying that entities with a single reportable segment are subject to both new and existing segment reporting requirements. ASU 2023-07 will be effective retrospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2024.

Early adoption is permitted. Adoption of this ASU will result in additional disclosure, but will not impact the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires more detailed tax disclosures, including disaggregated information about an entity's effective tax rate reconciliation as well as expanded information on income taxes paid by jurisdiction. The amendments in this accounting standard are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, on a prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. Adoption of this ASU will result in additional disclosure, but will not impact the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

On February 2, 2024 (the "PEP Closing Date"), the Company purchased additional working interests in producing properties associated with the Henry Acquisition (as defined herein), with an effective date of August 1, 2023 (the "PEP Acquisition") through PEP Henry Production Partners LP, PEP HPP Jubilee SPV LP, PEP PEOF Dropkick SPV, LLC, PEP HPP Dropkick SPV LP and HPP Acorn SPV LP (collectively, "PEP"). The aggregate purchase price of $80.0 million consisted of (i) 878,690 shares of the Company's common stock, par value $0.01 per share ("Common Stock") based upon the share price as of the PEP Closing Date, (ii) 980,272 shares of the Company's 2.0% Cumulative Mandatorily Convertible Series A Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share ("Preferred Stock") based upon the share price as of the PEP Closing Date and (iii) $1.3 million in transaction-related expenses, inclusive of customary closing price adjustments and subject to post-closing adjustments. The PEP Acquisition was accounted for as an asset acquisition, as substantially all the gross assets acquired are concentrated in a group of similar identifiable assets.

The "Henry Acquisition," which closed on November 5, 2023, consisted of the purchase of certain oil and natural gas properties in the Midland and Delaware basins, and was accounted for as a business combination. See Note 4 in the 2023 Annual Report for additional discussion of the Henry Acquisition and the Company's 2023 asset acquisitions.

The following table presents the Company's long-term debt and unamortized debt issuance costs, discounts and premiums included in "Long-term debt, net" on the consolidated balance sheets as of the dates presented:

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(1)Unamortized debt issuance costs related to the Senior Secured Credit Facility of $13.2 million and $14.1 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, are included in "Other noncurrent assets, net" on the consolidated balance sheets.

As of March 31, 2024, the Senior Secured Credit Facility, which matures on September 13, 2027, had a maximum credit amount of $3.0 billion, a borrowing base and an aggregate elected commitment of $1.5 billion and $1.25 billion, respectively, with an outstanding balance of $265.0 million subject to a weighted-average interest rate of 7.676%. The Senior Secured Credit Facility contains both financial and non-financial covenants, all of which the Company was in compliance with for all periods presented. Additionally, the Senior Secured Credit Facility provides for the issuance of letters of credit, limited to the lesser of total capacity or $80.0 million. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had no letters of credit outstanding under the Senior Secured Credit Facility. For additional information see Note 7 in the 2023 Annual Report.

Subsequent to March 31, 2024, the Company repaid $265.0 million and borrowed $215.0 million on the Senior Secured Credit Facility. As a result, the outstanding balance under the Senior Secured Credit Facility was $215.0 million as of May 6, 2024.

On May 8, 2024, pursuant to the regular semi-annual redetermination, the Company's lenders reaffirmed the borrowing base at $1.5 billion and increased the aggregate elected commitment to $1.35 billion under the Senior Secured Credit Facility.

On March 28, 2024, the Company completed an offering of $800.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 7.875% senior unsecured notes due 2032 (the "Initial March 2032 Notes") for net proceeds of $784.8 million. The net proceeds from this offering and the Tack-On March 2032 Notes (defined below) were used to (i) extinguish in full the Company's outstanding 10.125% senior unsecured notes due 2028 (the "January 2028 Notes"), (ii) reduce the outstanding principal amount of the 9.750% senior unsecured notes due 2030 (the "September 2030 Notes") and (iii) repay a portion of the outstanding borrowings on the Senior Secured Credit Facility. On March 29, 2024, the Company settled a cash tender offer on the January 2028 Notes for an aggregate principal amount outstanding of $431.2 million.

On April 3, 2024, the Company completed an offering of an additional $200.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 7.875% senior unsecured notes due 2032 (the "Tack-On March 2032 Notes," and, together with the Initial March 2032 Notes, the "March 2032 Notes"), at 100.750% of par, under the same indenture dated as of March 28, 2024 for net proceeds of approximately $198.7 million. On April 3, 2024, the Company settled a cash tender offer on the September 2030 Notes of $197.6 million and on April 29, 2024, the Company redeemed the remaining principal amount outstanding on the January 2028 Notes of $269.2 million at a redemption price of 105.063%. The Company expects to record a loss on extinguishment of debt in the second quarter of 2024 of approximately $40.0 million related to a cash tender offer for the September 2030 Notes and the redemption of the January 2028 Notes.

Interest for the March 2032 Notes is payable semi-annually, in cash in arrears on April 15 and October 15 of each year, commencing October 15, 2024 with interest from closing to that date. The terms of the Company's March 2032 Notes include covenants, which are in addition to covenants in the Senior Secured Credit Facility, which limit the Company's ability to incur indebtedness, make restricted payments, grant liens and dispose of assets. The March 2032 Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by Vital Midstream Services, LLC and certain of the Company's future restricted subsidiaries, subject to certain automatic customary releases, including the sale, disposition or transfer of all of the capital stock or of all or substantially all of the assets of a subsidiary guarantor to one or more persons that are not the Company or a restricted subsidiary, exercise of legal defeasance or covenant defeasance options or satisfaction and discharge of the applicable indenture, designation of a subsidiary guarantor as a non-guarantor restricted subsidiary or as an unrestricted subsidiary in accordance with the applicable indenture, release from guarantee under the Senior Secured Credit Facility, or liquidation or dissolution.

The following table presents the components of the Company's cash tender offer for the January 2028 Notes and the related loss on extinguishment of debt during the period presented:

(in thousands)						Three months ended March 31, 2024
Principal amount tendered						$	431,150
Extinguishment of debt(1)						(453,518)
Early tender premiums						(22,368)
Write-off of debt issuance costs						(5,672)
Write-off of issuance premium						2,226
Loss on extinguishment of debt, net(2)						$	(25,814)

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(1)Amounts are included in "Extinguishment of debt" in cash flows from financing activities on the consolidated statements of cash flows.

(2)Amounts are included in "Loss on extinguishment of debt, net" on the consolidated statements of operations.

The Vital Energy, Inc. Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (the "Equity Incentive Plan") provides for the granting of incentive awards in the form of restricted stock awards, stock option awards, performance share awards, performance unit awards, phantom unit awards and other awards. The Equity Incentive Plan allows for the issuance of up to 2,432,500 shares.

See Note 9 in the 2023 Annual Report for additional discussion of the Company's equity-based compensation awards.

The following table presents activity for equity-based compensation awards for the three months ended March 31, 2024:

						Equity Awards												Liability Awards
(in thousands)						Restricted Stock Awards												Performance Share Awards						Performance Unit Awards(1)(2)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023						472												48						158
Granted						445												—						140
Forfeited						(5)												—						—
Vested						(194)												—						(83)
Outstanding as of March 31, 2024						718												48						215

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(1)The performance unit awards granted on March 9, 2021 had a performance period of January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2023 and, as their market and performance criteria were satisfied, resulted in a 145.83% payout, or 120,297 units. As such, the granted awards vested and were paid out in cash on March 8, 2024 at $50.38 per unit based on the Company's closing stock price on the vesting date.

(2)On February 20, 2024, the Company granted performance unit awards with a performance period of January 1, 2024 through December 31, 2026. The market criteria consists of: (i) relative total shareholder return comparing the Company's shareholder return to the shareholder return of the exploration and production companies listed in the Russel 2000 Index and (ii) absolute shareholder return. The performance criteria for these awards consists of: (i) earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization and exploration expense and three-year total debt reduction, (ii) growth in inventory and (iii) emissions reductions. Any units earned are expected to be paid in cash during the first quarter following the completion of the requisite service period, based on the achievement of market and performance criteria, and the payout can range from 0% to 225%.

As of March 31, 2024, total unrecognized cost related to equity-based compensation awards was $43.6 million, of which $10.6 million was attributable to liability awards which will be settled in cash rather than shares. Such cost will be recognized on a straight-line basis over an expected weighted-average period of 2.36 years.

The following table reflects equity-based compensation expense for the periods presented:

Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed by first subtracting preferred stock dividends from net income (loss) to arrive at net income (loss) available to common stockholders, and then dividing net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the basic weighted-average common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the diluted weighted average common shares outstanding for the period, which reflects the potential dilution of preferred stock and non-vested equity-based compensation awards. See Notes 8 and 9 in the 2023 Annual Report for additional discussion of the Company's preferred stock and equity-based compensation awards, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the preferred stock and equity-based compensation awards were anti-dilutive due to the Company's net loss and, therefore, were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per common share.

The following table reflects the calculations of basic and diluted (i) weighted-average common shares outstanding and (ii) net income (loss) per common share for the periods presented:

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(1)Shares excluded from the diluted net income (loss) per common share calculation because their effect would be anti-dilutive.

The Company has two types of derivative instruments as of March 31, 2024: (i) commodity derivatives and (ii) a contingent consideration derivative. See Note 8 for discussion of fair value measurement of derivatives on a recurring basis. The Company's derivatives were not designated as hedges for accounting purposes, and the Company does not enter into such instruments for speculative trading purposes. Accordingly, the changes in derivative fair values are recognized in "Gain (loss) on derivatives, net" under "Non-operating income (expense)" on the consolidated statements of operations.

The following table summarizes components of the Company's gain (loss) on derivatives, net by type of derivative instrument for the periods presented:

Due to the inherent volatility in oil, NGL and natural gas prices and the sometimes wide pricing differentials between where the Company produces and where the Company sells such commodities, the Company engages in commodity derivative transactions, such as puts, swaps, collars and basis swaps, to hedge price risk associated with a portion of the Company's anticipated sales volumes. By removing a portion of the price volatility associated with future sales volumes, the Company expects to mitigate, but not eliminate, the potential effects of variability in cash flows from operations. See Note 11 in the 2023 Annual Report for discussion of transaction types and settlement indexes. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company’s derivatives were settled based on reported prices on commodity exchanges, with (i) oil derivatives settled based on WTI NYMEX, Argus WTI Midland and Argus WTI Formula Basis pricing, (ii) NGL derivatives settled based on Mont Belvieu OPIS pricing and (iii) natural gas derivatives settled based on Henry Hub NYMEX and Waha Inside FERC pricing.

The following table summarizes open commodity derivative positions as of March 31, 2024, for commodity derivatives that were entered into through March 31, 2024, for the settlement periods presented: