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0001517175false00015171752023-02-152023-02-15

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
______________________
 
FORM 8-K
 
CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): August 02, 2023
 
THE CHEFS’ WAREHOUSE, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
Delaware 001-35249 20-3031526
(State or Other Jurisdiction
of Incorporation)
(Commission
File Number)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
 
100 East Ridge Road
Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (203) 894-1345
Not Applicable
(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)
 
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:
 
☐  Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)
 
☐  Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)
 
☐  Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))
 
☐  Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 CHEF The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§ 230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§ 240.12b-2 of this chapter).

Emerging growth company ☐ 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐




Item 2.02.
Results of Operations and Financial Condition.
 
In a press release dated August 2, 2023 (the “Press Release”), The Chefs’ Warehouse, Inc. (the “Company”) announced financial results for the Company’s thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended June 30, 2023. The full text of the Press Release is furnished herewith as Exhibit 99.1 to this report.

The information contained in Item 2.02 of this Current Report on Form 8-K (including Exhibit 99.1) shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except as expressly set forth by specific reference in such a filing.
 
Item 9.01.
Financial Statements and Exhibits.
 
(d)  Exhibits.
 
Exhibit No.   Description
  Press Release of The Chefs’ Warehouse, Inc. dated August 2, 2023.
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
 



































SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
 
 
  THE CHEFS’ WAREHOUSE, INC.
   
  By:  /s/ James Leddy
  Name:
Title:
James Leddy
Chief Financial Officer
 
Date:    August 2, 2023
 


EX-99.1 2 pressreleaseex99106302023.htm EX-99.1 Document
Exhibit 99.1
  
The Chefs’ Warehouse Reports Second Quarter 2023 Financial Results
Ridgefield, CT, August 2, 2023 - The Chefs’ Warehouse, Inc. (NASDAQ: CHEF) (the “Company” or “Chefs’”), a premier distributor of specialty food products in the United States, Middle East, and Canada, today reported financial results for its second quarter ended June 30, 2023.

Financial highlights for the second quarter of 2023:

•Net sales increased 36.1% to $881.8 million for the second quarter of 2023 from $648.1 million for the second quarter of 2022.
•GAAP net income was $9.9 million, or $0.25 per diluted share, for the second quarter of 2023 compared to $16.9 million, or $0.42 per diluted share, in the second quarter of 2022.
•Adjusted net income per share1 was $0.35 for the second quarter of 2023 compared to $0.51 for the second quarter of 2022.
•Adjusted EBITDA1 was $51.1 million for the second quarter of 2023 compared to $45.3 million for the second quarter of 2022.

“As we noted during our first quarter earnings report, the strong snap-back in demand coming out of Omicron variant of the COVID-19 pandemic in the second quarter of 2022 provides a difficult year-over-year comparison to the second quarter of 2023. As we had anticipated, for the first time since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, second quarter business activity returned to more normal seasonal trends”, said Christopher Pappas, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company. “While April and May were strong months and came in as expected, in June we did experience impact from the air quality issues from the Canadian wildfires extreme heat and severe weather across many of our markets. In addition, volatility in certain protein categories resulted in moderate gross profit dollar pressure. Overall, for the quarter, our team delivered strong year-over-year organic revenue growth and adjusted EBITDA and our recent acquisitions performed well.”

Second Quarter Fiscal 2023 Results

Net sales for the second fiscal quarter of 2023 which ended June 30, 2023 increased 36.1% to $881.8 million from $648.1 million for the second fiscal quarter of 2022 which ended June 24, 2022. Organic sales increased $52.6 million, or 8.1% versus the prior year quarter. Sales growth of $181.1 million, or 28.0%, resulted from acquisitions. Organic case count increased approximately 10.0% in the Company’s specialty category with unique customers and placements increases at 8.7% and 11.9%, respectively, compared to the prior year quarter. Organic pounds sold in the Company’s center-of-the-plate category increased approximately 5.9% compared to the prior year quarter. Estimated inflation was 5.7% in the Company’s specialty categories and 1.1% in the center-of-the-plate categories compared to the prior year quarter.
Gross profit increased approximately 33.6% to $208.4 million for the second quarter of 2023 from $156.0 million for the second quarter of 2022. Gross profit margin decreased approximately 43 basis points to 23.6% from 24.1%. Gross margin in the Company’s specialty category decreased 70 basis points and gross margin decreased 174 basis points in the Company’s center-of-the-plate category compared to the prior year quarter.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by approximately 43.8% to $179.0 million for the second quarter of 2023 from $124.5 million for the second quarter of 2022. The increase was primarily due to higher costs associated with compensation and benefits, facility costs and distribution costs to support sales growth in the current quarter. As a percentage of net sales, operating expenses were 20.3% in the second quarter of 2023 compared to 19.2% in the second quarter of 2022.

1EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, adjusted net income (loss) and adjusted net income (loss) per share are non-GAAP measures. Please see the schedules accompanying this earnings release for a reconciliation of EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and adjusted net income (loss) to these measures’ most directly comparable GAAP measure.


Operating income for the second quarter of 2023 was $25.3 million compared to $27.6 million for the second quarter of 2022. The decrease in operating income was driven primarily by higher selling, general and administrative expense, partially offset by higher gross profit and lower other operating expense, as discussed above. As a percentage of net sales, operating income was 2.8% in the second quarter of 2023 as compared to operating income of 4.3% in the second quarter of 2022.

Total interest expense increased to $12.0 million for the second quarter of 2023 compared to $4.5 million for the second quarter of 2022. The increase was primarily driven by higher principal amounts of outstanding debt due to our 2028 convertible notes issued on December 13, 2022, our term loan refinancing on August 23, 2022, an increase in amounts drawn on our ABL facility and higher rates of interest charged on the variable rate portion of our outstanding debt.

Net income for the second quarter of 2023 was $9.9 million, or $0.25 per diluted share, compared to net income of $16.9 million, or $0.42 per diluted share, for the second quarter of 2022.

Adjusted EBITDA1 was $51.1 million for the second quarter of 2023 compared to $45.3 million for the second quarter of 2022. For the second quarter of 2023, adjusted net income1 was $14.4 million, or $0.35 per diluted share compared to adjusted net income of $20.9 million, or $0.51 per diluted share for the second quarter of 2022.

Full Year 2023 Guidance

Based on current trends in the business, the Company is providing full year financial guidance as follows:

▪Estimated net sales for the full year of 2023 will be in the range of $3.25 billion to $3.35 billion;
▪Gross profit to be between $774.0 million and $797.0 million and
▪Adjusted EBITDA to be between $199.0 million and $207.0 million

Second Quarter 2023 Earnings Conference Call

The Company will host a conference call to discuss second quarter 2023 financial results today at 8:30 a.m. EDT. Hosting the call will be Chris Pappas, chairman and chief executive officer, and Jim Leddy, chief financial officer. The conference call will be webcast live from the Company’s investor relations website at http://investors.chefswarehouse.com. An online archive of the webcast will be available on the Company’s investor relations website.

Forward-Looking Statements

Statements in this press release regarding the Company’s business that are not historical facts are “forward-looking statements” that involve risks and uncertainties and are based on current expectations and management estimates; actual results may differ materially. The risks and uncertainties which could impact these statements include, but are not limited to the following: our sensitivity to general economic conditions, including disposable income levels and changes in consumer discretionary spending; our ability to expand our operations in our existing markets and to penetrate new markets through acquisitions; we may not achieve the benefits expected from our acquisitions, which could adversely impact our business and operating results; we may have difficulty managing and facilitating our future growth; conditions beyond our control could materially affect the cost and/or availability of our specialty food products or center-of-the-plate products and/or interrupt our distribution network; our distribution of center-of-the-plate products, like meat, poultry and seafood, involves exposure to price volatility experienced by those products; our business is a low-margin business and our profit margins may be








1EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, adjusted net income (loss) and adjusted EPS are non-GAAP measures. Please see the schedules accompanying this earnings release for a reconciliation of EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, adjusted net income (loss) and adjusted EPS to these measures’ most directly comparable GAAP measure.
2


sensitive to inflationary and deflationary pressures; because our foodservice distribution operations are concentrated in certain culinary markets, we are susceptible to economic and other developments, including adverse weather conditions, in these areas; fuel cost volatility may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations; our ability to raise capital in the future may be limited; we may be unable to obtain debt or other financing, including financing necessary to execute on our acquisition strategy, on favorable terms or at all; interest charged on our outstanding debt may be adversely affected by changes in the method of determining the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”); our business operations and future development could be significantly disrupted if we lose key members of our management team; and significant public health epidemics or pandemics, including COVID-19, may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. Any forward-looking statements are made pursuant to the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and, as such, speak only as of the date made. A more detailed description of these and other risk factors is contained in the Company’s most recent annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 28, 2023 and other reports filed by the Company with the SEC since that date. The Company is not undertaking to update any information until required by applicable laws. Any projections of future results of operations are based on a number of assumptions, many of which are outside the Company’s control and should not be construed in any manner as a guarantee that such results will in fact occur. These projections are subject to change and could differ materially from final reported results. The Company may from time to time update these publicly announced projections, but it is not obligated to do so.

About The Chefs’ Warehouse

The Chefs’ Warehouse, Inc. (http://www.chefswarehouse.com) is a premier distributor of specialty food products in the United States and Canada focused on serving the specific needs of chefs who own and/or operate some of the nation’s leading menu-driven independent restaurants, fine dining establishments, country clubs, hotels, caterers, culinary schools, bakeries, patisseries, chocolateries, cruise lines, casinos and specialty food stores. The Chefs’ Warehouse, Inc. carries and distributes more than 55,000 products to more than 40,000 customer locations throughout the United States and Canada.

Contact:
Investor Relations
Jim Leddy, CFO, (718) 684-8415

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THE CHEFS’ WAREHOUSE, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(unaudited; in thousands except share amounts and per share data)
  Thirteen Weeks Ended Twenty-six Weeks Ended
  June 30, 2023 June 24, 2022 June 30, 2023 June 24, 2022
Net sales $ 881,820  $ 648,104  $ 1,601,465  $ 1,160,207 
Cost of sales 673,376  492,100  1,223,313  886,690 
Gross profit 208,444  156,004  378,152  273,517 
Selling, general and administrative expenses 179,042  124,487  335,179  234,573 
Other operating expenses, net 4,062  3,883  5,734  5,046 
Operating income 25,340  27,634  37,239  33,898 
Interest expense 12,006  4,465  22,012  8,830 
Income before income taxes 13,334  23,169  15,227  25,068 
Provision for income tax expense 3,467  6,254  3,959  6,768 
Net income $ 9,867  $ 16,915  $ 11,268  $ 18,300 
Net income per share:        
Basic $ 0.26  $ 0.46  $ 0.30  $ 0.49 
Diluted $ 0.25  $ 0.42  $ 0.29  $ 0.47 
Weighted average common shares outstanding:        
Basic 37,634,127  37,100,968  37,570,595  37,018,044 
Diluted 45,604,297  42,053,453  38,201,408  41,896,379 

4


THE CHEFS’ WAREHOUSE, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
AS OF JUNE 30, 2023 AND DECEMBER 30, 2022
(unaudited; in thousands)
  June 30, 2023 December 30, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents $ 59,592  $ 158,800 
Accounts receivable, net 301,375  260,167 
Inventories, net 291,917  245,693 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 60,735  56,200 
Total current assets 713,619  720,860 
Property and equipment, net 205,535  185,728 
Operating lease right-of-use assets 182,215  156,629 
Goodwill 348,951  287,120 
Intangible assets, net 195,785  155,703 
Other assets 4,884  3,256 
Total assets $ 1,650,989  $ 1,509,296 
Accounts payable $ 198,087  $ 163,397 
Accrued liabilities 71,739  54,325 
Short-term operating lease liabilities 23,104  19,428 
Accrued compensation 28,486  34,167 
Current portion of long-term debt 12,017  12,428 
Total current liabilities 333,433  283,745 
Long-term debt, net of current portion 709,073  653,504 
Operating lease liabilities 175,142  151,406 
Deferred taxes, net 7,294  6,098 
Other liabilities 3,072  13,034 
Total liabilities 1,228,014  1,107,787 
Common stock 396  386 
Additional paid in capital 347,861  337,947 
Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment (1,911) (2,185)
Retained earnings 76,629  65,361 
Stockholders’ equity 422,975  401,509 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 1,650,989  $ 1,509,296 

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THE CHEFS’ WAREHOUSE, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE TWENTY-SIX WEEKS ENDED JUNE 30, 2023 AND JUNE 24, 2022
(unaudited; in thousands)
  June 30, 2023 June 24, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:    
Net income $ 11,268  $ 18,300 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:    
Depreciation and amortization 15,682  11,755 
Amortization of intangible assets 10,456  6,819 
Provision for allowance for doubtful accounts 3,311  1,817 
Non-cash operating lease expense 1,812  1,076 
Deferred income tax provision 990  5,004 
Amortization of deferred financing fees 1,813  1,009 
Stock compensation 10,581  5,982 
Change in fair value of contingent earn-out liabilities 1,092  3,628 
Intangible asset impairment 1,838  — 
Loss on asset disposal 22  17 
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:    
Accounts receivable (9,854) (24,659)
Inventories (35,450) (30,569)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (2,435) 106 
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and accrued compensation 453  19,733 
Other assets and liabilities (796) (237)
Net cash provided by operating activities 10,783  19,781 
Cash flows from investing activities:    
Capital expenditures (23,155) (23,490)
Cash paid for acquisitions (119,580) (52,007)
Net cash used in investing activities (142,735) (75,497)
Cash flows from financing activities:    
Payment of debt, finance lease and other financing obligations (11,680) (2,769)
Payment of deferred financing fees —  (406)
Surrender of shares to pay withholding taxes (2,115) (2,558)
Cash paid for contingent earn-out liabilities (3,210) (2,000)
Borrowings under asset based loan facility 50,000  — 
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 32,995  (7,733)
Effect of foreign currency translation on cash and cash equivalents (251) 100 
Net change in cash and cash equivalents (99,208) (63,349)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 158,800  115,155 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 59,592  $ 51,806 
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THE CHEFS’ WAREHOUSE, INC.
RECONCILIATION OF GAAP NET INCOME COMMON SHARE
(unaudited; in thousands except share amounts and per share data)
  Thirteen Weeks Ended Twenty-six Weeks Ended
  June 30, 2023 June 24, 2022 June 30, 2023 June 24, 2022
Numerator:        
Net income $ 9,867  $ 16,915  $ 11,268  $ 18,300 
Add effect of dilutive securities:    
Interest on convertible notes, net of tax 1,397  719  —  1,365 
Net income available to common shareholders $ 11,264  $ 17,634  $ 11,268  $ 19,665 
Denominator:        
Weighted average basic common shares outstanding 37,634,127  37,100,968  37,570,595  37,018,044 
Dilutive effect of unvested common shares 521,102  263,071  564,119  296,538 
Dilutive effect of options and warrants 56,251  73,381  66,694  56,817 
Dilutive effect of convertible notes 7,392,817  4,616,033  —  4,524,980 
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding 45,604,297  42,053,453  38,201,408  41,896,379 
Net income per share:        
Basic $ 0.26  $ 0.46  $ 0.30  $ 0.49 
Diluted $ 0.25  $ 0.42  $ 0.29  $ 0.47 


7


THE CHEFS’ WAREHOUSE, INC.
RECONCILIATION OF EBITDA AND ADJUSTED EBITDA TO NET INCOME
(unaudited; in thousands)
  Thirteen Weeks Ended Twenty-six Weeks Ended
  June 30, 2023 June 24, 2022 June 30, 2023 June 24, 2022
Net income $ 9,867  $ 16,915  $ 11,268  $ 18,300 
Interest expense 12,006  4,465  22,012  8,830 
Depreciation 8,671  5,866  15,682  11,755 
Amortization 5,759  3,463  10,456  6,819 
Provision for income tax expense 3,467  6,254  3,959  6,768 
EBITDA (1) 39,770  36,963  63,377  52,472 
Adjustments:        
Stock compensation (2) 5,247  2,939  10,581  5,982 
Other operating expenses, net (3) 4,063  3,883  5,735  5,046 
Duplicate rent (4) 1,851  1,550  4,060  3,286 
Moving expenses (5) 186  —  186  — 
Adjusted EBITDA (1) $ 51,117  $ 45,335  $ 83,939  $ 66,786 

1.We are presenting EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, which are not measurements determined in accordance with the U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, because we believe these measures provide additional metrics to evaluate our operations and which we believe, when considered with both our GAAP results and the reconciliation to net income, provide a more complete understanding of our business than could be obtained absent this disclosure. We use EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, together with financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP, such as revenue and cash flows from operations, to assess our historical and prospective operating performance and to enhance our understanding of our core operating performance. The use of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as performance measures permits a comparative assessment of our operating performance relative to our performance based upon GAAP results while isolating the effects of some items that vary from period to period without any correlation to core operating performance or that vary widely among similar companies.
2.Represents non-cash stock compensation expense associated with awards of restricted shares of our common stock and stock options to our key employees and our independent directors.
3.Represents non-cash changes in the fair value of contingent earn-out liabilities related to our acquisitions, non-cash charges related to asset disposals, asset impairments, including intangible asset impairment charges, certain third-party deal costs incurred in connection with our acquisitions or financing arrangements and certain other costs.
4.Represents duplicate rent and occupancy costs for our Richmond, CA, Miami, FL, Portland, OR and Gibbstown NJ facilities.
5.Represents moving expenses for the consolidation and expansion of our Miami, FL facilities.



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THE CHEFS’ WAREHOUSE, INC.
RECONCILIATION OF ADJUSTED NET INCOME TO NET INCOME
(unaudited; in thousands except share amounts and per share data)
  Thirteen Weeks Ended Twenty-six Weeks Ended
  June 30, 2023 June 24, 2022 June 30, 2023 June 24, 2022
Net income $ 9,867  $ 16,915  $ 11,268  $ 18,300 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to adjusted net income (1):      
Other operating expenses, net (2) 4,063  3,883  5,735  5,046 
Duplicate rent (3) 1,851  1,550  4,060  3,286 
Moving expenses (4) 186  —  186  — 
Write-off of unamortized deferred financing fees and other third party financing costs (5) —  —  376  69 
Tax effect of adjustments (6) (1,586) (1,467) (2,693) (2,268)
Total adjustments 4,514  3,966  7,664  6,133 
Adjusted net income $ 14,381  $ 20,881  $ 18,932  $ 24,433 
Diluted adjusted net income per common share $ 0.35  $ 0.51  $ 0.48  $ 0.62 
Diluted shares outstanding - adjusted 45,604,297  42,053,453  45,594,225  41,896,379 

1.We are presenting adjusted net income and adjusted net income per share, which are not measurements determined in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, because we believe these measures provide additional metrics to evaluate our operations and which we believe, when considered with both our GAAP results and the reconciliation to net income available to common stockholders, provide a more complete understanding of our business than could be obtained absent this disclosure. We use adjusted net income available to common stockholders and adjusted net income per share, together with financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP, such as revenue and cash flows from operations, to assess our historical and prospective operating performance and to enhance our understanding of our core operating performance. The use of adjusted net income available to common stockholders and adjusted net income per share as performance measures permits a comparative assessment of our operating performance relative to our performance based upon our GAAP results while isolating the effects of some items that vary from period to period without any correlation to core operating performance or that vary widely among similar companies.

2.Represents non-cash changes in the fair value of contingent earn-out liabilities related to our acquisitions, non-cash charges related to asset disposals, asset impairments, including intangible asset impairment charges, certain third-party deal costs incurred in connection with our acquisitions or financing arrangements and certain other costs.

3.Represents duplicate rent and occupancy costs for our Richmond, CA, Miami, FL, Portland, OR and Gibbstown, NJ facilities.

4.Represents moving expenses for the consolidation and expansion of our Miami, FL facilities.

5.Represents interest expense related to write-off of certain deferred financing fees and other third party costs related to our credit agreements.

6.Represents the tax effect of items 2 through 5 above.
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THE CHEFS’ WAREHOUSE, INC.
RECONCILIATION OF ADJUSTED NET INCOME PER SHARE
(unaudited; in thousands except share amounts and per share data)
  Thirteen Weeks Ended Twenty-six Weeks Ended
  June 30, 2023 June 24, 2022 June 30, 2023 June 24, 2022
Numerator:        
Adjusted net income $ 14,381  $ 20,881  $ 18,932  $ 24,433 
Add effect of dilutive securities:        
Interest on convertible notes, net of tax 1,397  719  2,794  1,365 
Adjusted net income available to common shareholders $ 15,778  $ 21,600  $ 21,726  $ 25,798 
Denominator:        
Weighted average basic common shares outstanding 37,634,127  37,100,968  37,570,595  37,018,044 
Dilutive effect of unvested common shares 521,102  263,071  564,119  296,538 
Dilutive effect of options and warrants 56,251  73,381  66,694  — 
Dilutive effect of convertible notes 7,392,817  4,616,033  7,392,817  4,524,980 
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding 45,604,297  42,053,453  45,594,225  41,896,379 
Adjusted net income per share:
Diluted $ 0.35  $ 0.51  $ 0.48  $ 0.62 

10


THE CHEFS’ WAREHOUSE, INC.
RECONCILIATION OF ADJUSTED EBITDA GUIDANCE FOR FISCAL 2023
(unaudited; in thousands)
  Low-End Guidance High-End Guidance
Net Income: $ 46,700  $ 50,400 
Provision for income tax expense 16,400  17,700 
Depreciation & amortization 55,000  58,000 
Interest expense 47,000  47,000 
EBITDA (1) 165,100  173,100 
Adjustments:    
Stock compensation (2) 21,200  21,200 
Duplicate rent (3) 6,000  6,000 
Other operating expenses (4) 6,500  6,500 
Moving expenses (5) 200  200 
Adjusted EBITDA (1) $ 199,000  $ 207,000 
 
1.We are presenting estimated EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, which are not measurements determined in accordance with the U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, because we believe these measures provide additional metrics to evaluate our currently estimated results and which we believe, when considered with both our estimated GAAP results and the reconciliation to our estimated net income, provide a more complete understanding of our business than could be obtained absent this disclosure. We use EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, together with financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP, such as revenue and cash flows from operations, to assess our historical and prospective operating performance and to enhance our understanding of our performance relative to our performance based upon GAAP results while isolating the effects of some items that vary from period to period without any correlation to core operating performance or that vary widely among similar companies.

2.Represents non-cash stock compensation expense associated with awards of restricted shares of our common stock and stock options to our key employees and our independent directors.

3.Represents rent and occupancy costs expected to be incurred in connection with our facility consolidations while we are unable to use those facilities.

4.Represents non-cash changes in the fair value of contingent earn-out liabilities related to our acquisitions, non-cash charges related to asset disposals, asset impairments, including intangible asset impairment charges, certain third-party deal costs incurred in connection with our acquisitions or financing arrangements and certain other costs.

5.Represents moving expenses for the consolidation and expansion of our Miami, FL facilities.

11