株探米国株
英語
エドガーで原本を確認する
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q 
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023

OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the transition period from                   to    
 
Commission File Number 001-35169

RLJ LODGING TRUST
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Maryland   27-4706509
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)   (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
3 Bethesda Metro Center, Suite 1000    
Bethesda, Maryland   20814
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)   (Zip Code)
(301) 280-7777
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
  

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:
Title of Each Class Trading Symbol Name of Exchange on Which Registered
Common Shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.01 per share RLJ New York Stock Exchange
$1.95 Series A Cumulative Convertible Preferred Shares, par value $0.01 per share RLJ-A New York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes  ☐ No 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  ☒ Yes  ☐ No 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

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Large accelerated filer   ☒   Accelerated filer   ☐
Non-accelerated filer   ☐   Smaller reporting company   ☐
Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  ☐ Yes ☒ No 

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date. 
As of October 26, 2023, 155,844,358 common shares of beneficial interest of the Registrant, $0.01 par value per share, were outstanding.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
    Page
     
     
 
     
  Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)  
 
 
 
 
 
     
     
     
     
 
 

ii
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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
Item 1.         Financial Statements
RLJ Lodging Trust
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)
(unaudited)
September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Assets    
Investment in hotel properties, net $ 4,142,365  $ 4,180,328 
Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures 7,294  6,979 
Cash and cash equivalents 494,563  481,316 
Restricted cash reserves 35,807  55,070 
Hotel and other receivables, net of allowance of $237 and $319, respectively
 47,990  38,528 
Lease right-of-use assets 137,546  136,915 
Prepaid expense and other assets 74,777  79,089 
Total assets $ 4,940,342  $ 4,978,225 
Liabilities and Equity    
Debt, net $ 2,219,781  $ 2,217,555 
Accounts payable and other liabilities 150,650  155,916 
Advance deposits and deferred revenue 30,995  23,769 
Lease liabilities 119,780  117,010 
Accrued interest 12,593  20,707 
Distributions payable 22,448  14,622 
Total liabilities 2,556,247  2,549,579 
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 11)
Equity  
Shareholders’ equity:  
Preferred shares of beneficial interest, $0.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized
Series A Cumulative Convertible Preferred Shares, $0.01 par value, 12,950,000 shares authorized; 12,879,475 shares issued and outstanding, liquidation value of $328,266, at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022
 366,936  366,936 
Common shares of beneficial interest, $0.01 par value, 450,000,000 shares authorized; 156,172,739 and 162,003,533 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively
 1,562  1,620 
Additional paid-in capital 3,003,316  3,054,958 
Distributions in excess of net earnings (1,041,171) (1,049,441)
Accumulated other comprehensive income 39,553  40,591 
Total shareholders’ equity 2,370,196  2,414,664 
Noncontrolling interests:    
Noncontrolling interest in the Operating Partnership 6,361  6,313 
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated joint ventures 7,538  7,669 
Total noncontrolling interests 13,899  13,982 
Total equity 2,384,095  2,428,646 
Total liabilities and equity $ 4,940,342  $ 4,978,225 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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RLJ Lodging Trust
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)
(unaudited)
  For the three months ended September 30, For the nine months ended September 30,
  2023 2022 2023 2022
Revenues
Operating revenues
Room revenue $ 277,088  $ 267,363  $ 833,416  $ 753,818 
Food and beverage revenue 34,181  30,600  105,601  82,655 
Other revenue 23,137  20,108  66,852  54,998 
Total revenues 334,406  318,071  1,005,869  891,471 
Expenses    
Operating expenses    
Room expense 71,278  68,394  207,662  188,015 
Food and beverage expense 27,430  23,375  81,604  61,314 
Management and franchise fee expense 27,095  25,390  82,554  71,846 
Other operating expenses 87,736  82,021  254,567  227,563 
Total property operating expenses 213,539  199,180  626,387  548,738 
Depreciation and amortization 44,727  46,559  134,648  140,346 
Property tax, insurance and other 26,936  20,744  76,268  66,206 
General and administrative 14,747  13,446  43,030  40,928 
Transaction costs 2  (773) 26  (575)
Total operating expenses 299,951  279,156  880,359  795,643 
Other income, net 1,921  710  3,506  8,716 
Interest income 5,302  1,281  13,977  1,800 
Interest expense (24,833) (22,625) (73,506) (71,041)
Gain (loss) on sale of hotel properties, net 16  (57) (28) 996 
Loss on extinguishment of indebtedness, net —  —  (169) — 
Income before equity in (loss) income from unconsolidated joint ventures 16,861  18,224  69,290  36,299 
Equity in (loss) income from unconsolidated joint ventures (186) (150) 315  255 
Income before income tax expense 16,675  18,074  69,605  36,554 
Income tax expense (332) (391) (1,028) (1,139)
Net income 16,343  17,683  68,577  35,415 
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests:    
Noncontrolling interest in the Operating Partnership (50) (53) (238) (74)
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated joint ventures 137  (36) 131  (29)
Net income attributable to RLJ 16,430  17,594  68,470  35,312 
Preferred dividends (6,279) (6,279) (18,836) (18,836)
Net income attributable to common shareholders $ 10,151  $ 11,315  $ 49,634  $ 16,476 
Basic per common share data:
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders $ 0.06  $ 0.07  $ 0.31  $ 0.10 
Weighted-average number of common shares 154,563,284  160,368,297  156,805,643  162,681,840 
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Diluted per common share data:
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders $ 0.06  $ 0.07  $ 0.31  $ 0.10 
Weighted-average number of common shares 155,081,645  160,784,709  157,280,206  163,064,462 
Comprehensive income:
Net income $ 16,343  $ 17,683  $ 68,577  $ 35,415 
Unrealized (loss) gain on interest rate derivatives (2,180) 17,211  (1,038) 64,784 
Reclassification of unrealized gains on discontinued cash flow hedges to other income, net —  —  —  (5,866)
Comprehensive income 14,163  34,894  67,539  94,333 
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests:
Noncontrolling interest in the Operating Partnership (50) (53) (238) (74)
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated joint ventures 137  (36) 131  (29)
Comprehensive income attributable to RLJ $ 14,250  $ 34,805  $ 67,432  $ 94,230 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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RLJ Lodging Trust
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
(unaudited) 
  Shareholders’ Equity Noncontrolling Interest  
  Preferred Stock Common Stock      
  Shares Amount Shares Par 
Value		 Additional
Paid-in Capital		 Distributions in excess of net earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive
Income		 Operating
Partnership		 Consolidated
Joint 
Ventures		 Total 
Equity
Balance at December 31, 2022 12,879,475  $ 366,936  162,003,533  $ 1,620  $ 3,054,958  $ (1,049,441) $ 40,591  $ 6,313  $ 7,669  $ 2,428,646 
Net income (loss) —  —  —  —  —  68,470  —  238  (131) 68,577 
Unrealized loss on interest rate derivatives —  —  —  —  —  —  (1,038) —  —  (1,038)
Issuance of restricted stock —  —  1,190,961  12  (12) —  —  —  —  — 
Amortization of share-based compensation —  —  —  —  19,481  —  —  —  —  19,481 
Shares acquired to satisfy minimum required federal and state tax withholding on vesting restricted stock —  —  (407,205) (4) (4,394) —  —  —  —  (4,398)
Shares acquired as part of a share repurchase program —  —  (6,588,722) (66) (66,717) —  —  —  —  (66,783)
Forfeiture of restricted stock —  —  (25,828) —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Distributions on preferred shares —  —  —  —  —  (18,836) —  —  —  (18,836)
Distributions on common shares and units —  —  —  —  —  (41,364) —  (190) —  (41,554)
Balance at September 30, 2023 12,879,475  $ 366,936  156,172,739  $ 1,562  $ 3,003,316  $ (1,041,171) $ 39,553  $ 6,361  $ 7,538  $ 2,384,095 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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RLJ Lodging Trust
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
(unaudited)
  Shareholders’ Equity Noncontrolling Interest  
  Preferred Stock Common Stock      
  Shares Amount Shares Par 
Value		 Additional
Paid-in Capital		 Distributions in excess of net earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive
Income		 Operating
Partnership		 Consolidated
Joint 
Ventures		 Total 
Equity
Balance at June 30, 2023 12,879,475  $ 366,936  157,686,191  $ 1,577  $ 3,011,350  $ (1,035,566) $ 41,733  $ 6,380  $ 7,675  $ 2,400,085 
Net income (loss) —  —  —  —  —  16,430  —  50  (137) 16,343 
Unrealized loss on interest rate derivatives —  —  —  —  —  —  (2,180) —  —  (2,180)
Amortization of share-based compensation —  —  —  —  6,753  —  —  —  —  6,753 
Shares acquired as part of a share repurchase program —  —  (1,505,754) (15) (14,787) —  —  —  —  (14,802)
Forfeiture of restricted stock —  —  (7,698) —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Distributions on preferred shares —  —  —  —  —  (6,279) —  —  —  (6,279)
Distributions on common shares and units —  —  —  —  —  (15,756) —  (69) —  (15,825)
Balance at September 30, 2023 12,879,475  $ 366,936  156,172,739  $ 1,562  $ 3,003,316  $ (1,041,171) $ 39,553  $ 6,361  $ 7,538  $ 2,384,095 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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RLJ Lodging Trust
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
(unaudited)
  Shareholders’ Equity Noncontrolling Interest  
  Preferred Stock Common Stock      
  Shares Amount Shares Par 
Value		 Additional 
Paid-in
Capital		 Distributions in excess of net earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income Operating
Partnership		 Consolidated
Joint
Ventures		 Total
Equity
Balance at December 31, 2021 12,879,475  $ 366,936  166,503,062  $ 1,665  $ 3,092,883  $ (1,046,739) $ (17,113) $ 6,316  $ 9,919  $ 2,413,867 
Net income —  —  —  —  —  35,312  —  74  29  35,415 
Unrealized gain on interest rate derivatives —  —  —  —  —  —  64,784  —  —  64,784 
Reclassification of unrealized gains on discontinued cash flow hedges to other income, net —  —  —  —  —  —  (5,866) —  —  (5,866)
Contributions from consolidated joint venture partners —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  154  154 
Distribution to consolidated joint venture partners —  —  —  —  —  —  (2,614) (2,614)
Issuance of restricted stock —  —  702,993  7  (7) —  —  —  —  — 
Amortization of share-based compensation —  —  —  —  17,280  —  —  —  —  17,280 
Shares acquired to satisfy minimum required federal and state tax withholding on vesting restricted stock —  —  (260,841) (3) (3,595) —  —  —  —  (3,598)
Shares acquired as part of a share repurchase program —  —  (4,190,359) (42) (49,958) —  —  —  —  (50,000)
Forfeiture of restricted stock —  —  (28,213) —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Distributions on preferred shares —  —  —  —  —  (18,836) —  —  —  (18,836)
Distributions on common shares and units —  —  —  —  —  (11,347) —  (49) —  (11,396)
Balance at September 30, 2022 12,879,475  $ 366,936  162,726,642  $ 1,627  $ 3,056,603  $ (1,041,610) $ 41,805  $ 6,341  $ 7,488  $ 2,439,190 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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RLJ Lodging Trust
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
(unaudited)
  Shareholders’ Equity Noncontrolling Interest  
  Preferred Stock Common Stock      
  Shares Amount Shares Par 
Value		 Additional 
Paid-in
Capital		 Distributions in excess of net earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Operating
Partnership		 Consolidated
Joint
Ventures		 Total
Equity
Balance at June 30, 2022 12,879,475  $ 366,936  162,981,820  $ 1,630  $ 3,053,345  $ (1,044,726) $ 24,594  $ 6,325  $ 7,468  $ 2,415,572 
Net income —  —  —  —  —  17,594  —  53  36  17,683 
Unrealized gain on interest rate derivatives —  —  —  —  —  —  17,211  —  —  17,211 
Contributions from consolidated joint venture partners —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  (2) (2)
Distribution to consolidated joint venture partners —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  (14) (14)
Amortization of share-based compensation —  —  —  —  5,818  —  —  —  —  5,818 
Shares acquired to satisfy minimum required federal and state tax withholding on vesting restricted stock —  —  (654) —  (9) —  —  —  —  (9)
Shares acquired as part of a share repurchase program —  —  (232,376) (3) (2,551) —  —  —  —  (2,554)
Forfeiture of restricted stock —  —  (22,148) —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Distributions on preferred shares —  —  —  —  —  (6,279) —  —  —  (6,279)
Distributions on common shares and units —  —  —  —  —  (8,199) —  (37) —  (8,236)
Balance at September 30, 2022 12,879,475  $ 366,936  162,726,642  $ 1,627  $ 3,056,603  $ (1,041,610) $ 41,805  $ 6,341  $ 7,488  $ 2,439,190 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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RLJ Lodging Trust
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Amounts in thousands)
(unaudited)
  For the nine months ended September 30,
  2023 2022
Cash flows from operating activities    
Net income $ 68,577  $ 35,415 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash flow provided by operating activities:    
Loss (gain) on sale of hotel properties, net 28  (996)
Loss on extinguishment of indebtedness, net 169  — 
Depreciation and amortization 134,648  140,346 
Amortization of deferred financing costs 4,528  4,522 
Other amortization 3,662  1,827 
Reclassification of unrealized gains on discontinued cash flow hedges to other income, net —  (5,866)
Equity in income from unconsolidated joint ventures (315) (255)
Amortization of share-based compensation 18,028  16,075 
Changes in assets and liabilities:  
Hotel and other receivables, net (9,462) (11,428)
Prepaid expense and other assets 8,388  8,675 
Accounts payable and other liabilities (1,175) 23,432 
Advance deposits and deferred revenue 7,226  1,537 
Accrued interest (8,114) (9,618)
Net cash flow provided by operating activities 226,188  203,666 
Cash flows from investing activities    
Acquisition of hotel property, net —  (59,219)
(Payments) proceeds from sales of hotel properties, net (28) 48,053 
Improvements and additions to hotel properties (101,980) (86,638)
Net cash flow used in investing activities (102,008) (97,804)
Cash flows from financing activities    
Repayment of Revolver —  (200,000)
Borrowings on Term Loans 320,000  — 
Repayments of Term Loans (318,662) — 
Repurchase of common shares under a share repurchase program (66,783) (50,000)
Repurchase of common shares to satisfy employee tax withholding requirements (4,398) (3,598)
Distributions on preferred shares (18,836) (18,836)
Distributions on common shares (33,577) (5,152)
Distributions on Operating Partnership units (149) (18)
Payments of deferred financing costs (7,791) (17)
Contributions from consolidated joint venture partners —  154 
Distribution to consolidated joint venture partners —  (2,614)
Net cash flow used in financing activities (130,196) (280,081)
Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reserves (6,016) (174,219)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reserves, beginning of year 536,386  713,869 
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reserves, end of period $ 530,370  $ 539,650 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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RLJ Lodging Trust
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

1.              General

Organization
 
RLJ Lodging Trust (the "Company") was formed as a Maryland real estate investment trust ("REIT") on January 31, 2011. The Company is a self-advised and self-administered REIT that owns primarily premium-branded, rooms-oriented, high-margin, focused-service and compact full-service hotels located within heart of demand locations. The Company elected to be taxed as a REIT, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, commencing with its taxable year ended December 31, 2011.
 
Substantially all of the Company’s assets and liabilities are held by, and all of its operations are conducted through, RLJ Lodging Trust, L.P. (the "Operating Partnership"). The Company is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. As of September 30, 2023, there were 156,944,570 units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership ("OP units") outstanding and the Company owned, through a combination of direct and indirect interests, 99.5% of the outstanding OP units.

As of September 30, 2023, the Company owned 97 hotel properties with approximately 21,400 rooms, located in 23 states and the District of Columbia.  The Company, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, owned a 100% interest in 95 of its hotel properties, a 95% controlling interest in one hotel property, and a 50% non-controlling interest in an entity owning one hotel property. The Company consolidates its real estate interests in the 96 hotel properties in which it holds a controlling interest, and the Company records the real estate interest in the one hotel property in which it holds an indirect 50% non-controlling interest using the equity method of accounting. The Company leases 96 of the 97 hotel properties to its taxable REIT subsidiaries ("TRSs"), of which the Company owns a controlling financial interest.
 
2.              Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
The Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on February 28, 2023 (the "Annual Report"), contains a discussion of the Company's significant accounting policies. Other than noted below, there have been no significant changes to the Company's significant accounting policies since December 31, 2022.

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
 
The unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") and in conformity with the rules and regulations of the SEC applicable to financial information. The unaudited financial statements include all adjustments of a normal recurring nature that are necessary, in the opinion of management, to fairly state the consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations and comprehensive income, statements of changes in equity and statements of cash flows.

The unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022, included in the Annual Report.

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the Operating Partnership and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, and joint ventures in which the Company has a majority voting interest and control. For the controlled subsidiaries that are not wholly-owned, the third-party ownership interest represents a noncontrolling interest, which is presented separately in the consolidated financial statements. The Company also records the real estate interest in one hotel property in which it holds a 50% non-controlling interest using the equity method of accounting. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Reclassifications
 
Certain prior year amounts in these financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation with no impact to net income and comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity or cash flows.




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Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of the Company’s financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of certain assets and liabilities and the amounts of contingent assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
 
In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. The guidance provides optional expedients for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") or another reference rate that was expected to be discontinued at the end of 2021 because of reference rate reform. The guidance was effective upon issuance and expired on December 31, 2022. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848, which deferred the expiration date of Topic 848 to December 31, 2024.

The Company elected to apply certain of the optional expedients for contract modifications to its financial instruments impacted by the discontinuance of LIBOR. The Company has completed its modifications to these financial instruments affected by reference rate reform. The application of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
3.              Investment in Hotel Properties
 
Investment in hotel properties consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Land and improvements $ 996,972  $ 992,609 
Buildings and improvements 4,096,444  4,040,505 
Furniture, fixtures and equipment 782,305  745,978 
5,875,721  5,779,092 
Accumulated depreciation (1,733,356) (1,598,764)
Investment in hotel properties, net $ 4,142,365  $ 4,180,328 
 
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized depreciation expense related to its investment in hotel properties of approximately $44.7 million and $134.6 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recognized depreciation expense related to its investment in hotel properties of approximately $46.5 million and $139.9 million, respectively.

4.              Acquisition of Hotel Property
 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company acquired a 100% interest in the following property:
Property (1) Location Acquisition Date Management Company (1) Rooms Purchase Price (in thousands)
21c Hotel Nashville Nashville, TN July 29, 2022 Accor Hotels 124  $ 59,000 
(1)    During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company converted this hotel property to The Bankers Alley Hotel, a Tapestry Collection by Hilton, and transitioned management to an affiliate of Hilton.
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The acquisition of the 21c Hotel Nashville was accounted for as an asset acquisition, whereby approximately $1.0 million of transaction costs were capitalized as part of the cost of the acquisition. The allocation of the costs for the property acquired was as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2022
Land and improvements $ 19,777 
Buildings and improvements 36,169 
Furniture, fixtures and equipment 4,075 
Total purchase price $ 60,021 

The value of the asset acquired was primarily based on a sales comparison approach (for land) and a depreciated replacement cost approach (for building and improvements and furniture, fixtures and equipment). The sales comparison approach used inputs of recent land sales in the hotel market. The depreciated replacement cost approach used inputs of both direct and indirect replacement costs using a nationally recognized authority on replacement cost information as well as the age, square footage and number of rooms of the asset.

5.            Sale of Hotel Properties  

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company sold the following hotel properties in two separate transactions for a combined sales price of approximately $49.9 million.

Hotel Property Name Location Sale Date Rooms
Marriott Denver Airport @ Gateway Park Aurora, CO March 8, 2022 238 
SpringHill Suites Denver North Westminster Westminster, CO April 19, 2022 164 
Total 402 

The Company recorded a net gain of $1.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 in connection with the sale of these hotel properties.




























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6.          Revenue

The Company recognized revenue from the following geographic markets (in thousands):

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 For the three months ended September 30, 2022
Room Revenue Food and Beverage Revenue Other Revenue Total Revenue Room Revenue Food and Beverage Revenue Other Revenue Total Revenue
Southern California $ 37,507  $ 4,177  $ 4,068  $ 45,752  $ 33,086  $ 2,874  $ 2,862  $ 38,822 
Northern California 38,573  3,651  2,041  44,265  40,634  3,254  2,034  45,922 
South Florida 20,256  4,219  2,557  27,032  21,445  4,151  2,151  27,747 
Chicago 18,204  2,450  854  21,508  18,800  2,598  863  22,261 
New York City 18,162  2,224  908  21,294  16,469  2,006  810  19,285 
Boston 14,931  880  420  16,231  13,541  793  491  14,825 
Washington, DC 14,256  323  561  15,140  12,900  377  704  13,981 
Louisville 8,749  5,075  872  14,696  8,088  4,602  871  13,561 
Houston 10,172  742  1,164  12,078  9,416  674  1,089  11,179 
Austin 8,098  1,212  769  10,079  8,648  879  861  10,388 
Other 88,180  9,228  8,923  106,331  84,336  8,392  7,372  100,100 
Total $ 277,088  $ 34,181  $ 23,137  $ 334,406  $ 267,363  $ 30,600  $ 20,108  $ 318,071 

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 For the nine months ended September 30, 2022
Room Revenue Food and Beverage Revenue Other Revenue Total Revenue Room Revenue Food and Beverage Revenue Other Revenue Total Revenue
Northern California $ 108,832  $ 10,676  $ 6,059  $ 125,567  $ 97,430  $ 7,640  $ 4,769  $ 109,839 
Southern California 99,007  11,928  10,609  121,544  87,778  6,696  7,635  102,109 
South Florida 86,311  15,126  7,290  108,727  88,394  13,843  6,644  108,881 
New York City 46,768  6,262  2,478  55,508  40,265  5,651  1,984  47,900 
Chicago 44,898  7,388  2,442  54,728  42,864  6,564  2,060  51,488 
Washington DC 44,687  1,023  1,824  47,534  36,396  858  1,954  39,208 
Louisville 29,844  12,605  2,810  45,259  23,861  9,761  2,626  36,248 
Boston 36,221  2,890  1,164  40,275  31,211  2,339  1,112  34,662 
Houston 34,072  2,341  3,508  39,921  27,973  2,035  2,988  32,996 
Austin 30,116  4,122  2,601  36,839  28,148  2,423  2,411  32,982 
Other 272,660  31,240  26,067  329,967  249,498  24,845  20,815  295,158 
Total $ 833,416  $ 105,601  $ 66,852  $ 1,005,869  $ 753,818  $ 82,655  $ 54,998  $ 891,471 

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7.              Debt
 
The Company's debt consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Senior Notes, net $ 991,081  $ 989,307 
Revolver —  — 
Term Loans, net 821,030  820,536 
Mortgage loans, net 407,670  407,712 
Debt, net $ 2,219,781  $ 2,217,555 

Senior Notes

The Company's senior notes (collectively, the "Senior Notes") consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):
Carrying Value at
Interest Rate Maturity Date September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
2029 Senior Notes (1) 4.00% September 2029 $ 500,000  $ 500,000 
2026 Senior Notes (1) 3.75% July 2026 500,000  500,000 
1,000,000  1,000,000 
Deferred financing costs, net (8,919) (10,693)
Total senior notes, net $ 991,081  $ 989,307 
(1)Requires payment of interest only through maturity.

The indentures governing the Senior Notes contain customary covenants that limit the Operating Partnership’s ability and,
in certain instances, the ability of its subsidiaries, to incur additional debt, create liens on assets, make distributions and pay
dividends, make certain types of investments, issue guarantees of indebtedness, and make certain restricted payments. These
limitations are subject to a number of exceptions and qualifications set forth in the indentures.

A summary of the various restrictive covenants for the Senior Notes are as follows:
Covenant Compliance
Maintenance Covenant
Unencumbered Asset to Unencumbered Debt Ratio
> 150.0%
 Yes
Incurrence Covenants
Consolidated Indebtedness less than Adjusted Total Assets
< .65x
 Yes
Consolidated Secured Indebtedness less than Adjusted Total Assets
< .45x
 Yes
Interest Coverage Ratio
> 1.5x
 Yes

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company was in compliance with all covenants associated with the Senior Notes.

Revolver and Term Loans
 
The Company has the following unsecured credit agreements in place:

•$600.0 million revolving credit facility with a scheduled maturity date of May 10, 2027 and either a one-year extension option or up to two six-month extension options if certain conditions are satisfied (the "Revolver");
•$400.0 million term loan with a scheduled maturity date of May 18, 2025 (the "$400 Million Term Loan Maturing 2025");
•$200.0 million term loan with a scheduled maturity date of January 31, 2026 and two one-year extension options if certain conditions are satisfied (the "$200 Million Term Loan Maturing 2026"); and
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•$225.0 million term loan with a scheduled maturity date of May 10, 2026 and two one-year extension options if certain conditions are satisfied (the "$225 Million Term Loan Maturing 2026").
The $400 Million Term Loan Maturing 2025, the $200 Million Term Loan Maturing 2026, and the $225 Million Term Loan Maturing 2026 are collectively referred to as the "Term Loans."

In January 2023, the Company received the remaining $95.0 million in proceeds on the $200 Million Term Loan Maturing 2026 and utilized these proceeds to pay off approximately $52.3 million of a term loan with a scheduled maturity date of January 25, 2023 (the "$400 Million Term Loan Maturing 2023") and approximately $41.7 million of another term loan with a scheduled maturity date of January 25, 2023 (the "$225 Million Term Loan Maturing 2023").

In May 2023, the Company amended its Revolver. The amendment extends the maturity date of the Revolver to May 10, 2027, which may be extended by the exercise of either a one-year extension option or up to two six-month extension options, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions. The borrowings under the Revolver bear interest at a variable rate equal to (i) the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus a credit spread adjustment of ten basis points ("Adjusted SOFR") and a margin ranging from 1.40% to 1.95% or (ii) a base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.40% to 0.95%.

In May 2023, the Company entered into the $225 Million Term Loan Maturing 2026, the proceeds of which were used to fully repay a $151.7 million term loan with a scheduled maturity date of January 25, 2024 (the "$400 Million Term Loan Maturing 2024") and a $73.0 million term loan with a scheduled maturity date of January 25, 2024 (the "$225 Million Term Loan Maturing 2024"). The $225 Million Term Loan Maturing 2026 matures on May 10, 2026, with two additional one year extension options to May 2027 and May 2028, respectively. Borrowings under the $225 Million Term Loan Maturing 2026 bear interest at a variable rate equal to (i) Adjusted SOFR plus a margin ranging from 1.45% to 2.20% or (ii) a base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.45% to 1.20%.

In May 2023, the Company also amended the $400 Million Term Loan Maturing 2025 to bear interest at a variable rate equal to Adjusted SOFR (replacing LIBOR), plus an applicable margin. In addition, during the May 2023 amendments, all of the Company's unsecured credit agreements were amended to, among other things, (i) modify the calculation of certain financial covenants, including increasing the leverage ratio limit to 7.25x, (ii) modify the calculation of the unencumbered leverage ratio, (iii) remove the requirement to provide equity pledges if a certain leverage ratio is exceeded and (iv) reduce the interest floor to zero. The Company paid approximately $7.5 million in lender fees and legal costs related to the refinancing.

In all cases, the actual margin is determined based on the Company’s leverage ratio, as calculated under the terms of the facility.

The Company's unsecured credit agreements consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):
Carrying Value at
Interest Rate at September 30, 2023 (1) Maturity Date September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Revolver (2) —% May 2027 $ —  $ — 
$400 Million Term Loan Maturing 2023 (3)
 —% — —  52,261 
$400 Million Term Loan Maturing 2024 (4)
 —% — —  151,683 
$225 Million Term Loan Maturing 2023 (3)
 —% — —  41,745 
$225 Million Term Loan Maturing 2024 (4)
 —% — —  72,973 
$400 Million Term Loan Maturing 2025
 3.38% May 2025 400,000  400,000 
$200 Million Term Loan Maturing 2026 (5)
 3.48% January 2026 (6) 200,000  105,000 
$225 Million Term Loan Maturing 2026
 2.97% May 2026 (6) 225,000  — 
825,000  823,662 
Deferred financing costs, net (7) (3,970) (3,126)
Total Revolver and Term Loans, net $ 821,030  $ 820,536 
 
(1)Interest rate at September 30, 2023 gives effect to interest rate hedges.
(2)There was $600.0 million of capacity on the Revolver at both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The Company has the ability to extend the maturity date for an additional one-year period or up to two six-month periods ending May 2028 if certain conditions are satisfied.
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(3)In January 2023, the Company received the remaining $95.0 million in proceeds on the $200 Million Term Loan Maturing 2026 and utilized these proceeds to pay off these Term Loans.
(4)In May 2023, the Company entered into the $225 Million Term Loan Maturing 2026 and utilized the proceeds to pay off these Term Loans.
(5)In January 2023, the Company received the remaining $95.0 million in proceeds on this Term Loan.
(6)This Term Loan includes two one-year extension options. The exercise of the extension options will be at the Company's discretion, subject to certain conditions.
(7)Excludes $6.0 million and $1.7 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, related to deferred financing costs on the Revolver, which are included in prepaid expense and other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

The Revolver and Term Loans are subject to various financial covenants. A summary of the most restrictive covenants is as follows:
Covenant Compliance
Leverage ratio (1)
<= 7.25x
 Yes
Fixed charge coverage ratio (2)
>= 1.50x
 Yes
Secured indebtedness ratio
<= 45.0%
 Yes
Unencumbered indebtedness ratio
<= 60.0%
 Yes
Unencumbered debt service coverage ratio
>= 2.00x
 Yes

(1)Leverage ratio is net indebtedness, as defined in the Revolver and Term Loan agreements, to corporate earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization ("EBITDA"), as defined in the Revolver and Term Loan agreements.
(2)Fixed charge coverage ratio is Adjusted EBITDA, generally defined in the Revolver and Term Loan agreements as EBITDA less furniture, fixtures and equipment ("FF&E") reserves, to fixed charges, which is generally defined in the Revolver and Term Loan agreements as interest expense, all regularly scheduled principal payments, preferred dividends paid, and cash taxes paid.

Mortgage Loans 

The Company's mortgage loans consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):
Carrying Value at
Number of Assets Encumbered Interest Rate at September 30, 2023 Maturity Date September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Mortgage loan (1) 7 5.94% (3) April 2024 (4) $ 200,000  $ 200,000 
Mortgage loan (1) 3 5.02% (3) April 2024 (5) 96,000  96,000 
Mortgage loan (1) 4 5.61% (3) April 2024 (5) 85,000  85,000 
Mortgage loan (2) 1 5.06% January 2029 26,923  27,193 
15 407,923  408,193 
Deferred financing costs, net (253) (481)
Total mortgage loans, net $ 407,670  $ 407,712 

(1)The hotels encumbered by the mortgage loan are cross-collateralized. Requires payments of interest only through maturity.
(2)Includes $1.9 million and $2.2 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, related to a fair value adjustment on this mortgage loan.
(3)Interest rate at September 30, 2023 gives effect to interest rate hedges.
(4)In April 2023, the Company exercised its final extension option to extend the maturity on this mortgage loan to April 2024.
(5)This mortgage loan provides two one-year extension options, subject to certain conditions.
 
Certain mortgage agreements are subject to various maintenance covenants requiring the Company to maintain a minimum debt yield or debt service coverage ratio ("DSCR"). Failure to meet the debt yield or DSCR thresholds is not an event of default, but instead triggers a cash trap event. As of December 31, 2022, although all mortgage loans met their debt yield or DSCR thresholds, one mortgage loan was in a cash trap event pending notification to the lender to remove the restrictions. As of December 31, 2022, there was approximately $26.9 million of restricted cash held by this lender due to the cash trap event, and during the first quarter of 2023, all of the restrictions on this cash were removed. At September 30, 2023, all mortgage loans exceeded the minimum debt yield or DSCR thresholds.
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Interest Expense

The components of the Company's interest expense consisted of the following (in thousands):
For the three months ended September 30, For the nine months ended September 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Senior Notes $ 9,695  $ 9,695  $ 29,070  $ 29,125 
Revolver and Term Loans 7,365  7,870  23,176  26,975 
Mortgage loans 5,727  3,388  15,286  9,926 
Amortization of deferred financing costs 1,564  1,420  4,528  4,522 
Non-cash interest expense related to interest rate hedges 482  252  1,446  493 
Total interest expense $ 24,833  $ 22,625  $ 73,506  $ 71,041 
 
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8.              Derivatives and Hedging Activities
 
The following interest rate swaps have been designated as cash flow hedges (in thousands):
Notional value at Fair value at
Hedge type Swap
rate		 Effective Date Maturity Date September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Swap-cash flow-LIBOR 2.29% March 2019 December 2022 $ —  $ 200,000  $ —  $ — 
Swap-cash flow-LIBOR 2.29% March 2019 December 2022 —  125,000  —  — 
Swap-cash flow-Term SOFR 2.64% November 2020 November 2023 100,000  100,000  454  1,935 
Swap-cash flow-Daily SOFR (1) 2.44% January 2021 December 2023 75,000  75,000  712  1,852 
Swap-cash flow-Daily SOFR (1) 2.31% January 2021 December 2023 75,000  75,000  744  1,948 
Swap-cash flow-Daily SOFR (1) 1.08% April 2021 April 2024 50,000  50,000  1,371  2,464 
Swap-cash flow-Daily SOFR (1) 1.13% April 2021 April 2024 50,000  50,000  1,357  2,436 
Swap-cash flow-Daily SOFR (1) 1.08% April 2021 April 2024 50,000  50,000  1,373  2,470 
Swap-cash flow-Daily SOFR (2) 0.97% April 2021 April 2024 50,000  50,000  1,406  2,504 
Swap-cash flow-Daily SOFR (2) 0.85% April 2021 April 2024 25,000  25,000  722  1,293 
Swap-cash flow-Daily SOFR (1) 0.88% April 2021 April 2024 25,000  25,000  719  1,304 
Swap-cash flow-Daily SOFR (1)(3) 0.86% April 2021 April 2024 25,000  25,000  722  1,310 
Swap-cash flow-Daily SOFR (1)(3) 0.83% April 2021 April 2024 25,000  25,000  727  1,321 
Swap-cash flow-Term SOFR 4.37% April 2023 April 2024 200,000  —  1,237  — 
Swap-cash flow-Daily SOFR (1)(3) 0.77% June 2020 December 2024 50,000  50,000  2,759  3,538 
Swap-cash flow-Daily SOFR (2)(3) 0.63% June 2020 December 2024 50,000  50,000  2,846  3,636 
Swap-cash flow-Daily SOFR (1) 1.16% September 2021 September 2025 150,000  150,000  10,923  11,636 
Swap-cash flow-Daily SOFR (1)(3) 0.56% July 2021 January 2026 50,000  50,000  4,729  5,041 
Swap-cash flow-Daily SOFR 2.95% April 2024 April 2027 125,000  —  4,447  — 
Swap-cash flow-Daily SOFR 2.85% April 2024 April 2027 65,000  —  2,491  — 
Swap-cash flow-Daily SOFR 2.75% April 2024 April 2027 60,000  —  2,465  — 
$ 1,300,000  $ 1,175,000  $ 42,204  $ 44,688 
 
(1)In May 2023, the Company modified the benchmark rate on this interest rate swap from LIBOR to Daily SOFR.
(2)In July 2023, the Company modified the benchmark rate on this interest rate swap from LIBOR to Daily SOFR.
(3)In February 2022, the Company dedesignated these swaps as the hedged forecasted transactions were no longer probable of occurring. Therefore, the Company reclassified a total of approximately $5.9 million of unrealized gains included in accumulated other comprehensive income to other income, net, in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. These swaps were subsequently redesignated and the amounts related to the initial fair value of $5.9 million that are recorded in other comprehensive income during the new hedging relationship will be reclassified to earnings on a straight line basis over the remaining life of these swaps.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the aggregate fair value of the interest rate swap assets of $42.2 million and $44.7 million, respectively, was included in prepaid expense and other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there was approximately $39.6 million and $40.6 million, respectively, of unrealized gains included in accumulated other comprehensive income related to interest rate swaps. There was no ineffectiveness recorded during the three or nine month periods ended September 30, 2023 or 2022.
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For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, gains of approximately $8.3 million and $21.8 million, respectively, included in accumulated other comprehensive income were reclassified into interest expense for the interest rate swaps. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, gains of approximately $1.3 million and losses of approximately $6.8 million, respectively, included in accumulated other comprehensive income were reclassified into interest expense for the interest rate swaps. Approximately $23.3 million of the unrealized gains included in accumulated other comprehensive income at September 30, 2023 is expected to be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months.
 
9.              Fair Value
 
Fair Value Measurement
 
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date in the principal or most advantageous market.  The fair value hierarchy has three levels of inputs, both observable and unobservable:
 
•Level 1 — Inputs include quoted market prices in an active market for identical assets or liabilities.
 
•Level 2 — Inputs are market data, other than Level 1, that are observable either directly or indirectly.  Level 2 inputs include quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted market prices in an inactive market, and other observable information that can be corroborated by market data.

•Level 3 — Inputs are unobservable and corroborated by little or no market data.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 
The Company used the following market assumptions and/or estimation methods:
 
•Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash reserves, hotel and other receivables, accounts payable and other liabilities — The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for these financial instruments approximate fair value because of their short term maturities. 

•Debt — The Company estimated the fair value of the Senior Notes by using publicly available trading prices, which are Level 1 inputs in the fair value hierarchy. The Company estimated the fair value of the Revolver and Term Loans by using a discounted cash flow model and incorporating various inputs and assumptions for the effective borrowing rates for debt with similar terms, which are Level 2 and Level 3 inputs in the fair value hierarchy. The Company estimated the fair value of the mortgage loans by using a discounted cash flow model and incorporating various inputs and assumptions for the effective borrowing rates for debt with similar terms and the loan to estimated fair value of the collateral, which are Level 3 inputs in the fair value hierarchy.

The fair value of the Company's debt was as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Carrying Value Fair Value Carrying Value Fair Value
Senior Notes, net $ 991,081  $ 862,160  $ 989,307  $ 853,895 
Revolver and Term Loans, net 821,030  817,431  820,536  812,604 
Mortgage loans, net 407,670  391,502  407,712  388,839 
Debt, net $ 2,219,781  $ 2,071,093  $ 2,217,555  $ 2,055,338 

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Recurring Fair Value Measurements
 
The following table presents the Company’s fair value hierarchy for those financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2023 (in thousands):
Fair Value at September 30, 2023
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Interest rate swap asset $ —  $ 42,204  $ —  $ 42,204 
Total $ —  $ 42,204  $ —  $ 42,204 
 
The following table presents the Company’s fair value hierarchy for those financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2022 (in thousands):
Fair Value at December 31, 2022
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Interest rate swap asset $ —  $ 44,688  $ —  $ 44,688 
Total $ —  $ 44,688  $ —  $ 44,688 

The fair values of the derivative financial instruments are determined using widely accepted valuation techniques including a discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows for each derivative. The Company determined that the significant inputs, such as interest yield curves and discount rates, used to value its derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and that the credit valuation adjustments associated with the Company’s counterparties and its own credit risk utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by itself and its counterparties. As of September 30, 2023, the Company assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of its derivative positions and determined that the credit valuation adjustments were not significant to the overall valuation of its derivatives. As a result, the Company determined that its derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

10.              Income Taxes
 
The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method.  Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to the differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective income tax bases, and for net operating loss ("NOL"), capital loss and tax credit carryforwards.  The deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted income tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be realized or settled.  The effect on the deferred tax assets and liabilities from a change in tax rates is recognized in earnings in the period when the new rate is enacted. However, deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is more likely than not that they will be realized based on consideration of all available evidence, including the future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, future projected taxable income and tax planning strategies. Valuation allowances are provided if, based upon the weight of the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company is still continuing to provide a full valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets related to the NOL carryforwards of RLJ Lodging Trust Master TRS, Inc., the Company's primary TRS.

The Company had no accruals for tax uncertainties as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

11.       Commitments and Contingencies
 
Restricted Cash Reserves
 
The Company is obligated to maintain cash reserve funds for future capital expenditures, real estate taxes, insurance, and debt obligations where lenders hold restricted cash due to cash trap events. The management agreements, franchise agreements and/or mortgage loan documents require the Company to reserve cash ranging typically from 3.0% to 5.0% of the individual hotel’s revenues for future capital expenditures (including the periodic replacement or refurbishment of FF&E). Any unexpended amounts will remain the property of the Company upon termination of the management agreements, franchise agreements or mortgage loan documents. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, approximately $35.8 million and $28.2 million, respectively, was available in the restricted cash reserves for future capital expenditures, real estate taxes, and insurance. As of December 31, 2022, there was also approximately $26.9 million of restricted cash held by a lender due to a cash trap event, and during the first quarter of 2023, all of the restrictions on this cash were removed.  
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Litigation
 
Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is currently involved in any regulatory or legal proceedings that management believes will have a material and adverse effect on the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Management Agreements

As of September 30, 2023, 96 of the Company's consolidated hotel properties were operated pursuant to management agreements with initial terms ranging from three to 25 years. This number includes 35 consolidated hotel properties that receive the benefits of a franchise agreement pursuant to management agreements with Hilton, Hyatt, or Marriott. Each management company receives a base management fee between 1.75% and 3.5% of hotel revenues. Management agreements that include the benefits of a franchise agreement incur a base management fee between 1.75% and 7.0% of hotel revenues. The management companies are also eligible to receive an incentive management fee if hotel operating income, as defined in the management agreements, exceeds certain thresholds. The incentive management fee is generally calculated as a percentage of hotel operating income after the Company has received a priority return on its investment in the hotel.

Management fees are included in management and franchise fee expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company incurred management fee expense of approximately $10.4 million and $32.3 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company incurred management fee expense of approximately $9.2 million and $25.7 million, respectively.

Franchise Agreements
 
As of September 30, 2023, 59 of the Company’s consolidated hotel properties were operated under franchise agreements with initial terms ranging from one to 30 years. This number excludes 35 consolidated hotel properties that receive the benefits of a franchise agreement pursuant to management agreements with Hilton, Hyatt, or Marriott. In addition, two hotels are not operated with a hotel brand so they do not have franchise agreements. Franchise agreements allow the hotel properties to operate under the respective brands. Pursuant to the franchise agreements, the Company pays a royalty fee between 2.0% and 6.0% of room revenue, plus additional fees for marketing, central reservation systems and other franchisor costs between 1.0% and 4.3% of room revenue. Certain hotels are also charged a royalty fee between 1.5% and 3.0% of food and beverage revenues. 

Franchise fees are included in management and franchise fee expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company incurred franchise fee expense of approximately $16.7 million and $50.2 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company incurred franchise fee expense of approximately $16.2 million and $46.2 million, respectively.

12.       Equity

Common Shares of Beneficial Interest

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company declared a cash dividend of $0.08 per common share in each of the first and second quarters of 2023 and a cash dividend of $0.10 per common share in the third quarter of 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company declared a cash dividend of $0.01 per common share in each of the first and second quarters of 2022 and a cash dividend of $0.05 per common share in the third quarter of 2022.

On April 28, 2023, the Company's board of trustees approved a new share repurchase program to acquire up to an aggregate of $250.0 million of common and preferred shares from May 9, 2023 to May 8, 2024 (the "2023 Share Repurchase Program"). During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company repurchased and retired approximately 6.6 million common shares for approximately $66.8 million, of which $39.9 million was repurchased under a share repurchase program authorized by the Company’s board of trustees in 2022, which expired May 8, 2023, and $26.9 million was repurchased under the 2023 Share Repurchase Program. Subsequent to September 30, 2023, the Company repurchased and retired approximately 0.3 million common shares for approximately $3.2 million. As of November 2, 2023, the 2023 Share Repurchase Program had a remaining capacity of $219.9 million.

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During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company repurchased and retired approximately 4.2 million common shares for approximately $50.0 million.

Series A Preferred Shares

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company declared a cash dividend of $0.4875 on each Series A Preferred Share in each of the first, second and third quarters of 2023 and 2022.

The Series A Preferred Shares are convertible, in whole or in part, at any time, at the option of the holders into common shares at a conversion rate of 0.2806 common shares for each Series A Preferred Share.

Noncontrolling Interest in Consolidated Joint Ventures

The Company consolidates the joint venture that owns The Knickerbocker hotel property, which has a third-party partner that owns a noncontrolling 5% ownership interest in the joint venture. The third-party ownership interest is included in the noncontrolling interest in consolidated joint ventures on the consolidated balance sheets.

Noncontrolling Interest in the Operating Partnership

The Company consolidates the Operating Partnership, which is a majority-owned limited partnership that has a noncontrolling interest. The outstanding OP units held by the limited partners are redeemable for cash, or at the option of the Company, for a like number of common shares. As of September 30, 2023, 771,831 outstanding OP units were held by the limited partners. The noncontrolling interest is included in the noncontrolling interest in the Operating Partnership on the consolidated balance sheets.

13.       Equity Incentive Plan
 
The Company may issue share-based awards to officers, employees, non-employee trustees and other eligible persons under the RLJ Lodging Trust 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2021 Plan"). The 2021 Plan provides for a maximum of 6,828,527 common shares to be issued in the form of share options, share appreciation rights, restricted share awards, unrestricted share awards, share units, dividend equivalent rights, long-term incentive units, other equity-based awards and cash bonus awards.
 
Share Awards
 
From time to time, the Company may award unvested restricted shares as compensation to officers, employees and non-employee trustees. The issued shares vest over a period of time as determined by the board of trustees at the date of grant. The Company recognizes compensation expense for time-based unvested restricted shares on a straight-line basis over the vesting period based upon the fair market value of the shares on the date of issuance, adjusted for forfeitures.

Non-employee trustees may also elect to receive unrestricted shares as compensation that would otherwise be paid in cash for their services. The shares issued to non-employee trustees in lieu of cash compensation are unrestricted and include no vesting conditions. The Company recognizes compensation expense for the unrestricted shares issued in lieu of cash compensation on the date of issuance based upon the fair market value of the shares on that date.















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A summary of the unvested restricted shares as of September 30, 2023 is as follows:
  2023
  Number of
Shares		 Weighted-Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Unvested at January 1, 2023 2,267,870  $ 15.32 
Granted 991,453  10.84 
Vested (905,666) 15.20 
Forfeited (25,828) 13.13 
Unvested at September 30, 2023 2,327,829  $ 13.48 

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized approximately $4.0 million and $11.4 million, respectively, of share-based compensation expense related to restricted share awards. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recognized approximately $3.5 million and $10.7 million, respectively, of share-based compensation expense related to restricted share awards. As of September 30, 2023, there was $17.7 million of total unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested restricted share awards and these costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.5 years. The total fair value of the shares vested (calculated as the number of shares multiplied by the vesting date share price) during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was approximately $9.7 million and $8.8 million, respectively.

Performance Units
 
The Company aligns its executive officers with its long-term investors by awarding a significant percentage of their equity compensation in the form of multi-year performance unit awards that use both absolute and relative Total Shareholder Return as the primary metrics. The performance units granted prior to 2021 vest over a four year period, including three years of performance-based vesting (the “performance units measurement period”) plus an additional one year of time-based vesting. The Company estimates the compensation expense for the performance units on a straight-line basis using a calculation that recognizes 50% of the grant date fair value over three years and 50% of the grant date fair value over four years.
The performance units granted in 2021, 2022 and 2023 vest at the end of a three year period. These performance units may convert into restricted shares at a range of 0% to 200% of the number of performance units granted contingent upon the Company achieving an absolute total shareholder return (25% of award) and a relative shareholder return (75% of award) over the measurement period at specified percentiles of the peer group, as defined by the awards. At the end of the performance units measurement period, if the target criterion is met, 100% of the performance units that are earned will vest immediately. The award recipients will not be entitled to receive any dividends prior to the date of conversion. For any restricted shares issued upon conversion, the award recipient will be entitled to receive payment of an amount equal to all dividends that would have been paid if such restricted shares had been issued at the beginning of the performance units measurement period. The fair value of the performance units was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation. For performance units granted in 2021, 2022 and 2023, the Company estimates the compensation expense for the performance units on a straight-line basis using a calculation that recognizes 100% of the grant date fair value over three years.
A summary of the performance unit awards is as follows:
Date of Award Number of
Units Granted
Grant Date Fair
Value		 Conversion Range Risk Free Interest Rate Volatility
February 2020 (1) 489,000 $11.59
0% to 200%
 1.08% 23.46%
February 2021 431,151 $20.90
0% to 200%
 0.23% 69.47%
February 2022 407,024 $21.96
0% to 200%
 1.70% 70.15%
February 2023 574,846 $16.90
0% to 200%
 4.33% 66.7%
(1) In February 2023, following the end of the measurement period, the Company met certain threshold criterion and the performance units converted into approximately 200,000 restricted shares. Half of the restricted shares vested immediately with the remaining half vesting in February 2024. As of September 30, 2023, there were approximately 100,000 unvested restricted shares related to the conversion of the performance units. The total fair value of the vested shares related to the conversion of the performance units (calculated as the number of vested shares multiplied by the vesting date share price) during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was approximately $1.1 million.

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For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized approximately $2.3 million and $6.7 million, respectively, of share-based compensation expense related to the performance unit awards. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recognized approximately $1.9 million and $5.4 million, respectively, of share-based compensation expense related to the performance unit awards. As of September 30, 2023, there was $13.1 million of total unrecognized compensation costs related to the performance unit awards and these costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years.

 As of September 30, 2023, there were 2,688,397 common shares available for future grant under the 2021 Plan, which includes potential common shares that may convert from performance units if certain target criterion is met.

14.       Earnings per Common Share
 
Basic earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net income attributable to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period excluding the weighted-average number of unvested restricted shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net income attributable to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, plus any shares that could potentially be outstanding during the period. The potential shares consist of the unvested restricted share grants and unvested performance units, calculated using the treasury stock method, and convertible Series A Preferred Shares,
calculated using the if-converted method. Any anti-dilutive shares have been excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation. 

Unvested share-based payment awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are participating shares and are considered in the computation of earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method. If there were any undistributed earnings allocable to the participating shares, they would be deducted from net income attributable to common shareholders used in the basic and diluted earnings per share calculations.

The limited partners’ outstanding OP units (which may be redeemed for common shares under certain circumstances) have been excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation as there was no effect on the amounts for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, since the limited partners’ share of income would also be added back to net income attributable to common shareholders.
 
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The computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share is as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data):
  For the three months ended September 30, For the nine months ended September 30,
  2023 2022 2023 2022
Numerator:
Net income attributable to RLJ $ 16,430  $ 17,594  $ 68,470  $ 35,312 
Less: Preferred dividends (6,279) (6,279) (18,836) (18,836)
Less: Dividends paid on unvested restricted shares (243) (118) (642) (167)
Less: Undistributed earnings attributable to unvested restricted shares —  (46) (133) (73)
Net income attributable to common shareholders excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares $ 9,908  $ 11,151  $ 48,859  $ 16,236 
Denominator:
Weighted-average number of common shares - basic 154,563,284  160,368,297  156,805,643  162,681,840 
Unvested restricted shares 446,087  311,171  434,183  319,985 
Unvested performance units 72,274  105,241  40,380  62,637 
Weighted-average number of common shares - diluted 155,081,645  160,784,709  157,280,206  163,064,462 
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders - basic $ 0.06  $ 0.07  $ 0.31  $ 0.10 
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders - diluted $ 0.06  $ 0.07  $ 0.31  $ 0.10 
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15.       Supplemental Information to Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands)
For the nine months ended September 30,
2023 2022
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reserves
Cash and cash equivalents $ 494,563  $ 488,146 
Restricted cash reserves 35,807  51,504 
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reserves $ 530,370  $ 539,650 
Interest paid $ 76,935  $ 76,768 
Income taxes paid $ 1,910  $ 850 
Operating cash flow lease payments for operating leases $ 13,005  $ 12,438 
Right-of-use asset obtained in exchange for lease obligation $ 5,016  $ — 
Right-of-use asset and liability adjustment due to remeasurement $ —  $ (2,473)
Supplemental investing and financing transactions
In connection with the acquisition of a hotel property, the Company recorded the following:
Purchase of hotel property $ —  $ 59,000 
Transaction costs —  1,021 
Operating prorations —  (802)
Acquisition of hotel property, net $ —  $ 59,219 
In connection with the sales of hotel properties, the Company recorded the following:
Sales price $ —  $ 49,900 
Transaction costs (28) (856)
Operating prorations —  (991)
(Payments) proceeds from sales of hotel properties, net $ (28) $ 48,053 
Supplemental non-cash transactions
Accrued capital expenditures $ 13,645  $ 2,363 
 
Item 2.   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report, as well as the information contained in our Annual Report, which is accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information
 
The following information contains certain statements, other than purely historical information, including estimates, projections, statements relating to our business plans, objectives and expected operating results, and the assumptions upon which those statements are based, that are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act") and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). These forward-looking statements generally are identified by the use of the words "believe," "project," "expect," "anticipate," "estimate," "plan," "may," "will," "will continue," "intend," "should," or similar expressions. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are based upon reasonable assumptions, beliefs and expectations, such forward-looking statements are not predictions of future events or guarantees of future performance and our actual results could differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements.
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Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. We caution investors not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements and urge investors to carefully review the disclosures we make concerning risks and uncertainties in the sections entitled "Forward-Looking Statements," "Risk Factors," and "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our Annual Report, as well as the risks, uncertainties and other factors discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and identified in other documents filed by us with the SEC.


Overview
 
We are a self-advised and self-administered Maryland REIT that owns primarily premium-branded, rooms-oriented, high-margin, focused-service and compact full-service hotels located within heart of demand locations. We own a geographically diversified portfolio of hotels located in high-growth urban markets that exhibit multiple demand generators and attractive long-term growth prospects. We believe that our investment strategy allows us to generate high levels of Revenue per Available Room ("RevPAR"), strong operating margins and attractive returns.

Our strategy is to own primarily premium-branded, rooms-oriented, high-margin, focused-service and compact full-service hotels located within heart of demand locations. Focused-service and compact full-service hotels typically generate most of their revenue from room rentals, have limited food and beverage outlets and meeting space, and require fewer employees than traditional full-service hotels. We believe these types of hotels have the potential to generate attractive returns relative to other types of hotels due to their ability to achieve RevPAR levels at or close to those achieved by traditional full-service hotels while achieving higher profit margins due to their more efficient operating model and less volatile cash flows.

As of September 30, 2023, we owned 97 hotel properties with approximately 21,400 rooms, located in 23 states and the District of Columbia.  We owned, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, a 100% interest in 95 of our hotel properties, a 95% controlling interest in one hotel property, and a 50% non-controlling interest in an entity owning one hotel property. We consolidate our real estate interests in the 96 hotel properties in which we hold a controlling interest, and we record the real estate interest in the one hotel property in which we hold an indirect 50% non-controlling interest using the equity method of accounting. We lease 96 of the 97 hotel properties to our TRSs, of which we own a controlling financial interest.

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, we elected to be taxed as a REIT commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2011. Substantially all of our assets and liabilities are held by, and all of our operations are conducted through our Operating Partnership. We are the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. As of September 30, 2023, we owned, through a combination of direct and indirect interests, 99.5% of the units of limited partnership interest in the OP units.
 
2023 Significant Activities
 
Our significant activities reflect our commitment to creating long-term shareholder value through enhancing our hotel portfolio's quality, recycling capital and maintaining a prudent capital structure. The following significant activities have taken place in 2023:

•Successfully launched our hotel conversion of The Pierside Hotel, an independent lifestyle property located in Santa Monica, California.

•Exercised one-year extension options on approximately $224.7 million of certain Term Loans to extend the maturities to January 2024.

•Received $95.0 million in borrowings on a Term Loan amended in November 2022 and utilized the proceeds to pay off approximately $94.0 million of maturing Term Loans.

•Exercised the final one-year extension option on a mortgage loan to extend the maturity to April 2024.

•Approved the 2023 Share Repurchase Program to acquire up to an aggregate of $250.0 million of common and preferred shares from May 9, 2023 to May 8, 2024.

•Converted the Hotel Indigo New Orleans Garden District to the Hotel Tonnelle New Orleans, a Tribute Portfolio Hotel.
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•Refinanced our Term Loans and recast our $600 million Revolver to extend the maturity dates.

•Converted our 21c Hotel in Nashville, Tennessee to The Bankers Alley Hotel, a Tapestry Collection by Hilton.

•Repurchased and retired approximately 6.9 million shares for approximately $70.0 million.


Our Customers
 
The majority of our hotels consist of premium-branded, focused-service and compact full-service hotels. As a result of this property profile, the majority of our customers are transient in nature. Transient business typically represents individual business or leisure travelers. The majority of our hotels are located in business districts within major metropolitan areas. Accordingly, business travelers represent the majority of the transient demand at our hotels. As a result, macroeconomic factors impacting business travel have a greater effect on our business than factors impacting leisure travel.

Group business is typically defined as a minimum of 10 guestrooms booked together as part of the same piece of business. Group business may or may not use the meeting space at any given hotel. Given the limited meeting space at the majority of our hotels, group business that utilizes meeting space represents a small component of our customer base. 

A number of our hotel properties are affiliated with brands marketed toward extended-stay customers. Extended-stay customers are generally defined as those staying five nights or longer.

Our Revenues and Expenses
 
Our revenues are primarily derived from the operation of hotels, including the sale of rooms, food and beverage revenue and other revenue, which consists of parking fees, resort fees, gift shop sales and other guest service fees.
 
Our operating costs and expenses consist of the costs to provide hotel services, including room expense, food and beverage expense, management and franchise fees and other operating expenses. Room expense includes housekeeping and front office wages and payroll taxes, reservation systems, room supplies, laundry services and other costs. Food and beverage expense primarily includes the cost of food, the cost of beverages and the associated labor costs. Other operating expenses include labor and other costs associated with the other operating department revenue, as well as labor and other costs associated with administrative departments, sales and marketing, repairs and maintenance and utility costs. Our hotels that are subject to franchise agreements are charged a royalty fee, plus additional fees for marketing, central reservation systems and other franchisor costs, in order for the hotel properties to operate under the respective brands. Franchise fees are based on a percentage of room revenue and for certain hotels additional franchise fees are charged for food and beverage revenue. Our hotels are managed by independent, third-party management companies under long-term agreements pursuant to which the management companies typically earn base and incentive management fees based on the levels of revenues and profitability of each individual hotel property. We generally receive a cash distribution from the management companies on a monthly basis, which reflects hotel-level sales less hotel-level operating expenses.

Key Indicators of Financial Performance
 
We use a variety of operating, financial and other information to evaluate the operating performance of our business. These key indicators include financial information that is prepared in accordance with GAAP as well as other financial measures that are non-GAAP measures. In addition, we use other information that may not be financial in nature, including industry standard statistical information and comparative data. We use this information to measure the operating performance of our individual hotels, groups of hotels and/or business as a whole. We also use these metrics to evaluate the hotels in our portfolio and potential acquisition opportunities to determine each hotel's contribution to cash flow and its potential to provide attractive long-term total returns. The key indicators include:

•Average Daily Rate ("ADR")
•Occupancy
•RevPAR
ADR, Occupancy and RevPAR are commonly used measures within the lodging industry to evaluate operating performance. RevPAR is an important statistic for monitoring operating performance at the individual hotel property level and across our entire business.
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We evaluate individual hotel RevPAR performance on an absolute basis with comparisons to budget and prior periods, as well as on a regional and company-wide basis. ADR and RevPAR include only room revenue.

We also use non-GAAP measures such as FFO, Adjusted FFO, EBITDA, EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate the operating performance of our business. For a more in depth discussion of the non-GAAP measures, please refer to the "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" section.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
 
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities at the date of our financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. It is possible that the actual amounts may differ significantly from these estimates and assumptions. We evaluate our estimates, assumptions and judgments on an ongoing basis, based on information that is available to us, our business and industry experience, and various other matters that we believe are reasonable and appropriate for consideration under the circumstances. Our Annual Report contains a discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates. There have been no significant changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates since December 31, 2022. 

Results of Operations
 
At both September 30, 2023 and 2022, we owned 97 hotel properties.  Based on when a hotel property is acquired, sold or closed for renovation, the operating results for certain hotel properties are not comparable for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.  The non-comparable properties include two hotel properties that were sold and one acquisition that was completed in 2022.

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Comparison of the three months ended September 30, 2023 to the three months ended September 30, 2022
  For the three months ended September 30,  
  2023 2022 $ Change
  (amounts in thousands)
Revenues      
Operating revenues      
Room revenue $ 277,088  $ 267,363  $ 9,725 
Food and beverage revenue 34,181  30,600  3,581 
Other revenue 23,137  20,108  3,029 
Total revenues 334,406  318,071  16,335 
Expenses      
Operating expenses      
Room expense 71,278  68,394  2,884 
Food and beverage expense 27,430  23,375  4,055 
Management and franchise fee expense 27,095  25,390  1,705 
Other operating expenses 87,736  82,021  5,715 
Total property operating expenses 213,539  199,180  14,359 
Depreciation and amortization 44,727  46,559  (1,832)
Property tax, insurance and other 26,936  20,744  6,192 
General and administrative 14,747  13,446  1,301 
Transaction costs 2  (773) 775 
Total operating expenses 299,951  279,156  20,795 
Other income, net 1,921  710  1,211 
Interest income 5,302  1,281  4,021 
Interest expense (24,833) (22,625) (2,208)
Gain (loss) on sale of hotel properties, net 16  (57) 73 
Income before equity in loss from unconsolidated joint ventures 16,861  18,224  (1,363)
Equity in loss from unconsolidated joint ventures (186) (150) (36)
Income before income tax expense 16,675  18,074  (1,399)
Income tax expense (332) (391) 59 
Net income 16,343  17,683  (1,340)
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests:      
Noncontrolling interest in the Operating Partnership (50) (53) 3 
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated joint ventures 137  (36) 173 
Net income attributable to RLJ 16,430  17,594  (1,164)
Preferred dividends (6,279) (6,279) — 
Net income attributable to common shareholders $ 10,151  $ 11,315  $ (1,164)

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Revenues
 
Total revenues increased $16.3 million to $334.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $318.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was the result of a $9.7 million increase in room revenue, a $3.6 million increase in food and beverage revenue, and a $3.0 million increase in other revenue.

Room Revenue

Room revenue increased $9.7 million to $277.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $267.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022.  The increase was due to an increase in RevPAR resulting from an increase in leisure travel, recoveries in business and group bookings, and the ramping up of our recently converted hotels.

The following are the quarter-to-date key hotel operating statistics for the comparable properties:
For the three months ended September 30,
2023 2022
Occupancy 74.2  % 72.8  %
ADR $ 191.07  $ 188.21 
RevPAR $ 141.81  $ 136.98 
 
Food and Beverage Revenue
 
Food and beverage revenue increased $3.6 million to $34.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $30.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in food and beverage revenue was primarily due to an increase in banquet and catering revenues from group business and new food and beverage outlets at our recently converted hotels.
 
Other Revenue
 
Other revenue increased $3.0 million to $23.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $20.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022.  The increase in other revenue was primarily due to an increase in parking fees, resort and facility fees (including new resort and facility fees implemented during the prior year), and miscellaneous other sales and fees that corresponded to the increase in demand at the comparable properties over the prior period.

Property Operating Expenses
 
Property operating expenses increased $14.4 million to $213.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $199.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was due to a $13.1 million increase in property operating expenses from the comparable properties.

The components of our property operating expenses for the comparable properties were as follows (in thousands):
For the three months ended September 30,
2023 2022 $ Change
Room expense $ 70,774  $ 67,912  $ 2,862 
Food and beverage expense 26,978  22,999  3,979 
Management and franchise fee expense 26,985  25,249  1,736 
Other operating expenses 86,034  81,530  4,504 
Total property operating expenses $ 210,771  $ 197,690  $ 13,081 

The increase in property operating expenses from the comparable properties was primarily due to increases in wages and benefits, sales and marketing expenses, and fees and costs based on revenue.





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Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense decreased $1.8 million to $44.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $46.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily related to furniture, fixtures and equipment that were fully depreciated in 2022, partially offset by an increase in depreciation and amortization expense related to recently renovated hotels.

Property Tax, Insurance and Other
 
Property tax, insurance and other expense increased $6.2 million to $26.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $20.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022.  The increase was attributable to an increase in insurance premiums and property taxes, including significant property tax increases at our Chicago area hotels, as well as an increase in ground rent expense primarily due to increases in percentage rent obligations and consumer price index adjustments for certain of our ground leases.

General and Administrative
 
General and administrative expense increased $1.3 million to $14.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $13.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022.  The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in compensation expense and professional fees.

Interest Income

Interest income increased $4.0 million to $5.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $1.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was attributable to higher interest rates on our cash balances.

Interest Expense
 
Interest expense increased $2.2 million to $24.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $22.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was attributable to higher interest rates on our unhedged variable rate debt combined with an increase in the amount of our debt that was unhedged. The components of our interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands):
For the three months ended September 30,
2023 2022 $ Change
Senior Notes $ 9,695  $ 9,695  $ — 
Revolver and Term Loans 7,365  7,870  (505)
Mortgage loans 5,727  3,388  2,339 
Amortization of deferred financing costs 1,564  1,420  144 
Non-cash interest expense related to interest rate hedges 482  252  230 
Total interest expense $ 24,833  $ 22,625  $ 2,208 


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Comparison of the nine months ended September 30, 2023 to the nine months ended September 30, 2022
  For the nine months ended September 30,  
  2023 2022 $ Change
  (amounts in thousands)
Revenues      
Operating revenues      
Room revenue $ 833,416  $ 753,818  $ 79,598 
Food and beverage revenue 105,601  82,655  22,946 
Other revenue 66,852  54,998  11,854 
Total revenues 1,005,869  891,471  114,398 
Expenses      
Operating expenses      
Room expense 207,662  188,015  19,647 
Food and beverage expense 81,604  61,314  20,290 
Management and franchise fee expense 82,554  71,846  10,708 
Other operating expenses 254,567  227,563  27,004 
Total property operating expenses 626,387  548,738  77,649 
Depreciation and amortization 134,648  140,346  (5,698)
Property tax, insurance and other 76,268  66,206  10,062 
General and administrative 43,030  40,928  2,102 
Transaction costs 26  (575) 601 
Total operating expenses 880,359  795,643  84,716 
Other income, net 3,506  8,716  (5,210)
Interest income 13,977  1,800  12,177 
Interest expense (73,506) (71,041) (2,465)
(Loss) gain on sale of hotel properties, net (28) 996  (1,024)
Loss on extinguishment of indebtedness, net (169) —  (169)
Income before equity in income from unconsolidated joint ventures 69,290  36,299  32,991 
Equity in income from unconsolidated joint ventures 315  255  60 
Income before income tax expense 69,605  36,554  33,051 
Income tax expense (1,028) (1,139) 111 
Net income 68,577  35,415  33,162 
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests:      
Noncontrolling interest in the Operating Partnership (238) (74) (164)
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated joint ventures 131  (29) 160 
Net income attributable to RLJ 68,470  35,312  33,158 
Preferred dividends (18,836) (18,836) — 
Net income attributable to common shareholders $ 49,634  $ 16,476  $ 33,158 
 










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Revenues
 
Total revenues increased $114.4 million to $1.0 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $891.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was the result of a $79.6 million increase in room revenue, a $22.9 million increase in food and beverage revenue, and a $11.9 million increase in other revenue.

Room Revenue
 
Room revenue increased $79.6 million to $833.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $753.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.  The increase was the result of a $77.3 million increase in room revenue from the comparable properties and a $2.3 million increase from the non-comparable properties. The increase from the comparable properties was due to an increase in RevPAR resulting from an increase in leisure travel, recoveries in business and group bookings, and the ramping up of our recently converted hotels.

The following are the year-to-date key hotel operating statistics for the comparable properties:
For the nine months ended September 30,
2023 2022
Occupancy 72.7  % 69.6  %
ADR $ 197.62  $ 187.21 
RevPAR $ 143.60  $ 130.25 
 
Food and Beverage Revenue
 
Food and beverage revenue increased $22.9 million to $105.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $82.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in food and beverage revenue was primarily due to an increase in banquet and catering revenues from group business, the reopening of certain food and beverage outlets, and new food and beverage outlets at our recently converted hotels.
 
Other Revenue
 
Other revenue increased $11.9 million to $66.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $55.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.  The increase in other revenue was primarily due to an increase in parking fees, resort and facility fees (including new resort and facility fees implemented during the prior year), and miscellaneous other sales and fees that corresponded to the increase in demand at the comparable properties over the prior period.

Property Operating Expenses
 
Property operating expenses increased $77.6 million to $626.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $548.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was due to a $73.9 million increase in property operating expenses from the comparable properties and a $3.8 million increase in property operating expenses from the non-comparable properties.

The components of our property operating expenses for the comparable properties were as follows (in thousands):
For the nine months ended September 30,
2023 2022 $ Change
Room expense $ 205,843  $ 186,864  $ 18,979 
Food and beverage expense 80,069  60,723  19,346 
Management and franchise fee expense 82,036  71,466  10,570 
Other operating expenses 251,237  226,277  24,960 
Total property operating expenses $ 619,185  $ 545,330  $ 73,855 

The increase in property operating expenses from the comparable properties was primarily due to increases in wages and benefits, sales and marketing expenses, and fees and costs based on revenue.


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Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense decreased $5.7 million to $134.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $140.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily related to furniture, fixtures and equipment that were fully depreciated in 2022, partially offset by an increase in depreciation and amortization expense related to recently renovated hotels.

Property Tax, Insurance and Other
 
Property tax, insurance and other expense increased $10.1 million to $76.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $66.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.  The increase was attributable to an increase in insurance premiums and property taxes, including significant property tax increases at our Chicago area hotels, as well as an increase in ground rent expense primarily due to increases in percentage rent obligations and consumer price index adjustments for certain of our ground leases.

General and Administrative
 
General and administrative expense increased $2.1 million to $43.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $40.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in compensation expense and professional fees.

Other Income, net

Other income, net decreased $5.2 million to $3.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $8.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to the reclassification of unrealized gains from accumulated other comprehensive income due to the discontinuation of certain cash flow hedges during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Interest Income

Interest income increased $12.2 million to $14.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $1.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was attributable to higher interest rates on our cash balances.

Interest Expense
 
Interest expense increased $2.5 million to $73.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $71.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was attributable to higher interest rates on our unhedged variable rate debt combined with an increase in the amount of our debt that was unhedged. The components of our interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands):
For the nine months ended September 30,
2023 2022 $ Change
Senior Notes $ 29,070  $ 29,125  $ (55)
Revolver and Term Loans 23,176  26,975  (3,799)
Mortgage loans 15,286  9,926  5,360 
Amortization of deferred financing costs 4,528  4,522  6 
Non-cash interest expense related to interest rate hedges 1,446  493  953 
Total interest expense $ 73,506  $ 71,041  $ 2,465 

(Loss) Gain on Sale of Hotel Properties, net
 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we sold two hotel properties for a combined sales price of approximately $49.9 million and recorded a net gain on sale of approximately $1.0 million. There were no hotels sold during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

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Non-GAAP Financial Measures
 
We consider the following non-GAAP financial measures useful to investors as key supplemental measures of our performance: (1) FFO, (2) Adjusted FFO, (3) EBITDA, (4) EBITDAre and (5) Adjusted EBITDA. These non-GAAP financial measures should be considered along with, but not as alternatives to, net income or loss as a measure of our operating performance. FFO, Adjusted FFO, EBITDA, EBITDAre, and Adjusted EBITDA, as calculated by us, may not be comparable to FFO, Adjusted FFO, EBITDA, EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDA as reported by other companies that do not define such terms exactly as we define such terms.

Funds From Operations
 
We calculate funds from operations ("FFO") in accordance with standards established by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts ("NAREIT"), which defines FFO as net income or loss, excluding gains or losses from sales of real estate, impairment, the cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles, plus depreciation and amortization, and adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. Historical cost accounting for real estate assets implicitly assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Since real estate values instead have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, most real estate industry investors consider FFO to be helpful in evaluating a real estate company’s operations. We believe that the presentation of FFO provides useful information to investors regarding our operating performance and can facilitate comparisons of operating performance between periods and between REITs, even though FFO does not represent an amount that accrues directly to common shareholders. Our calculation of FFO may not be comparable to measures calculated by other companies who do not use the NAREIT definition of FFO or do not calculate FFO per diluted share in accordance with NAREIT guidance. Additionally, FFO may not be helpful when comparing us to non-REITs. We present FFO attributable to common shareholders, which includes our OP units, because our OP units may be redeemed for common shares. We believe it is meaningful for the investor to understand FFO attributable to all common shares and OP units.
 
We further adjust FFO for certain additional items that are not in NAREIT’s definition of FFO, such as transaction costs, pre-opening costs, gains or losses on extinguishment of indebtedness, non-cash income tax expense or benefit, amortization of share-based compensation, non-cash interest expense related to discontinued interest rate hedges, derivative gains or losses in accumulated other comprehensive income reclassified to earnings, and certain other income or expenses that we consider outside the normal course of operations. We believe that Adjusted FFO provides useful supplemental information to investors regarding our ongoing operating performance that, when considered with net income and FFO, is beneficial to an investor’s understanding of our operating performance. 

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The following table is a reconciliation of our GAAP net income to FFO attributable to common shareholders and unitholders and Adjusted FFO attributable to common shareholders and unitholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

  For the three months ended September 30, For the nine months ended September 30,
  2023 2022 2023 2022
Net income $ 16,343  $ 17,683  $ 68,577  $ 35,415 
Preferred dividends (6,279) (6,279) (18,836) (18,836)
Depreciation and amortization 44,727  46,559  134,648  140,346 
(Gain) loss on sale of hotel properties, net (16) 57  28  (996)
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated joint ventures 137  (36) 131  (29)
Adjustments related to consolidated joint venture (1) (44) (47) (131) (144)
Adjustments related to unconsolidated joint venture (2) 236  241  709  831 
FFO 55,104  58,178  185,126  156,587 
Transaction costs 2  (773) 26  (575)
Pre-opening costs (3) 327  907  1,188  1,519 
Loss on extinguishment of indebtedness, net —  —  169  — 
Amortization of share-based compensation 6,247  5,420  18,028  16,074 
Non-cash interest expense related to discontinued interest rate hedges 482  252  1,446  493 
Derivative gains in accumulated other comprehensive income reclassified to earnings (4) —  —  —  (5,866)
Other expenses (5) 930  10  1,026  56 
Adjusted FFO $ 63,092  $ 63,994  $ 207,009  $ 168,288 
 
(1)Includes depreciation and amortization expense allocated to the noncontrolling interest in the consolidated joint venture.
(2)Includes our ownership interest in the depreciation and amortization expense of the unconsolidated joint venture.
(3)Represents expenses related to the brand conversions of certain hotel properties prior to opening.
(4)Reclassification of interest rate swap gains from accumulated other comprehensive income to earnings for discontinued interest rate hedges.
(5)Represents expenses and income outside of the normal course of operations. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, other expenses included one-time management company transition costs of $0.6 million.
.

EBITDA and EBITDAre
 
EBITDA is defined as net income or loss excluding: (1) interest expense; (2) income tax expense; and (3) depreciation and amortization expense. We consider EBITDA useful to an investor in evaluating and facilitating comparisons of our operating performance between periods and between REITs by removing the impact of our capital structure (primarily interest expense) and asset base (primarily depreciation and amortization expense) from our operating results.  In addition, EBITDA is used as one measure in determining the value of hotel acquisitions and disposals.
 
In addition to EBITDA, we present EBITDAre in accordance with NAREIT guidelines, which defines EBITDAre as net income or loss excluding interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization expense, gains or losses from sales of real estate, impairment, and adjustments for unconsolidated joint ventures. We believe that the presentation of EBITDAre provides useful information to investors regarding our operating performance and can facilitate comparisons of operating performance between periods and between REITs.

We also present Adjusted EBITDA, which includes additional adjustments for items such as transaction costs, pre-opening costs, gains or losses on extinguishment of indebtedness, amortization of share-based compensation, derivative gains or losses in accumulated other comprehensive income reclassified to earnings, and certain other income or expenses that we consider outside the normal course of operations. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides useful supplemental information to investors regarding our ongoing operating performance that, when considered with net income, EBITDA, and EBITDAre, is beneficial to an investor’s understanding of our operating performance.
 
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The following table is a reconciliation of our GAAP net income to EBITDA, EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDA for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):
  For the three months ended September 30, For the nine months ended September 30,
  2023 2022 2023 2022
Net income $ 16,343  $ 17,683  $ 68,577  $ 35,415 
Depreciation and amortization 44,727  46,559  134,648  140,346 
Interest expense, net of interest income 19,531  21,344  59,529  69,241 
Income tax expense 332  391  1,028  1,139 
Adjustments related to unconsolidated joint venture (1) 344  354  1,034  1,169 
EBITDA 81,277  86,331  264,816  247,310 
(Gain) loss on sale of hotel properties, net (16) 57  28  (996)
EBITDAre
 81,261  86,388  264,844  246,314 
Transaction costs 2  (773) 26  (575)
Pre-opening costs (2) 327  907  1,188  1,519 
Loss on extinguishment of indebtedness, net —  —  169  — 
Amortization of share-based compensation 6,247  5,420  18,028  16,074 
Derivative gains in accumulated other comprehensive income reclassified to earnings (3) —  —  —  (5,866)
Other expenses (4) 930  10  1,026  56 
Adjusted EBITDA $ 88,767  $ 91,952  $ 285,281  $ 257,522 

(1)Includes our ownership interest in the interest, depreciation, and amortization expense of the unconsolidated joint venture.
(2)Represents expenses related to the brand conversions of certain hotel properties prior to opening.
(3)Reclassification of interest rate swap gains from accumulated other comprehensive income to earnings for discontinued interest rate hedges.
(4)Represents expenses and income outside of the normal course of operations. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, other expenses included one-time management company transition costs of $0.6 million.
.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
Our liquidity requirements consist primarily of the funds necessary to pay for operating expenses and other expenditures directly associated with our hotel properties, including:

•funds necessary to pay for the costs of acquiring hotel properties;

•redevelopments, conversions, renovations and other capital expenditures that need to be made periodically to our hotel properties;
 
•recurring maintenance and capital expenditures necessary to maintain our hotel properties in accordance with brand standards;
 
•interest expense and scheduled principal payments on outstanding indebtedness;
 
•distributions on common and preferred shares; and

•corporate and other general and administrative expenses.
 
As of September 30, 2023, we had $530.4 million of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reserves as compared to $536.4 million at December 31, 2022.

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Sources and Uses of Cash
 
Cash flows from Operating Activities
 
The net cash flow provided by operating activities totaled $226.2 million and $203.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our cash flows provided by operating activities generally consist of the net cash generated by our hotel operations, the cash paid for corporate expenses and other working capital changes. Refer to the "Results of Operations" section for further discussion of our operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

Cash flows from Investing Activities
 
The net cash flow used in investing activities totaled $102.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 primarily due to capital improvements and additions to our hotel properties.

The net cash flow used in investing activities totaled $97.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022
primarily due to a $59.2 million acquisition of a hotel property and $86.6 million in capital improvements and additions to our
hotel properties. The net cash flow used in investing activities was partially offset by $48.1 million in proceeds from the sale of
hotel properties.

Cash flows from Financing Activities
 
The net cash flow used in financing activities totaled $130.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 primarily due to $66.8 million paid to repurchase common shares under our share repurchase programs, $52.6 million in distributions to shareholders and unitholders, $4.4 million paid to repurchase common shares to satisfy employee tax withholding requirements, and $7.8 million in deferred financing cost payments.

The net cash flow used in financing activities totaled $280.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022
primarily due to the $200.0 million repayment of the outstanding balance on the Revolver, $50.0 million paid to repurchase
common shares under a share repurchase program, $24.0 million in distributions to shareholders and unitholders, $2.6 million
in distributions to joint venture partners, and $3.6 million paid to repurchase common shares to satisfy employee tax
withholding requirements.

Capital Expenditures and Reserve Funds
 
We maintain each of our hotel properties in good repair and condition and in conformity with applicable laws and regulations, franchise agreements and management agreements. The cost of routine improvements and alterations are paid out of FF&E reserves, which are funded by a portion of each hotel property’s gross revenues. Routine capital expenditures may be administered by the property management companies. However, we have approval rights over the capital expenditures as part of the annual budget process for each of our hotel properties.

From time to time, certain of our hotel properties may undergo renovations as a result of our decision to upgrade portions of the hotels, such as guestrooms, public space, meeting space, and/or restaurants, in order to better compete with other hotels and alternative lodging options in our markets. In addition, upon acquisition of a hotel property we often are required to complete a property improvement plan in order to bring the hotel up to the respective franchisor’s standards. If permitted by the terms of the management agreement, funding for a renovation will first come from the FF&E reserves. To the extent that the FF&E reserves are not available or sufficient to cover the cost of the renovation, we will fund all or the remaining portion of the renovation with cash and cash equivalents on hand, our Revolver and/or other sources of available liquidity.

With respect to some of our hotels that are operated under franchise agreements with major national hotel brands and for some of our hotels subject to first mortgage liens, we are obligated to maintain FF&E reserve accounts for future capital expenditures at these hotels. The amount funded into each of these reserve accounts is generally determined pursuant to the management agreements, franchise agreements and/or mortgage loan documents for each of the respective hotels, and typically ranges between 3.0% and 5.0% of the respective hotel’s total gross revenue. As of September 30, 2023, approximately $29.0 million was held in FF&E reserve accounts for future capital expenditures.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
 
Market risk includes the risks that arise from changes in interest rates, equity prices and other market changes that affect market sensitive instruments. Our primary market risk exposure is to changes in interest rates on our variable rate debt. As of September 30, 2023, we had approximately $1.2 billion of total variable rate debt outstanding (or 54.1% of total indebtedness) with a weighted-average interest rate of 4.03% per annum. After taking into consideration the effect of interest rate swaps, 93.0% of our total indebtedness was fixed or effectively fixed. As of September 30, 2023, if market interest rates on our variable rate debt not subject to interest rate swaps were to increase by 1.00%, or 100 basis points, interest expense would decrease future earnings and cash flows by approximately $1.6 million annually, taking into account our existing contractual hedging arrangements.
 
Our interest rate risk objectives are to limit the impact of interest rate fluctuations on earnings and cash flows and to lower our overall borrowing costs. To achieve these objectives, we manage our exposure to fluctuations in market interest rates through the use of fixed rate debt instruments to the extent that reasonably favorable rates are obtainable. We have entered into derivative financial instruments such as interest rate swaps to mitigate our interest rate risk or to effectively lock the interest rate on a portion of our variable rate debt. We do not enter into derivative or interest rate transactions for speculative purposes.
 
The following table provides information about our financial instruments that are sensitive to changes in interest rates. For debt obligations outstanding as of September 30, 2023, the following table presents the principal repayments and related weighted-average interest rates by contractual maturity dates (in thousands):
  2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Thereafter Total
Fixed rate debt (1)(2) $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 500,000 $ —  $ 525,000 $ 1,025,000 
Weighted-average interest rate —  % —  % —  % 3.75  % —  % 4.05  % 3.90  %
Variable rate debt (1) $ — $ 381,000  $ 400,000  $ 425,000 $ — $ —  $ 1,206,000 
Weighted-average interest rate (3) —  % 5.63  % 3.38  % 3.21  % —  % —  % 4.03  %
Total $ — $ 381,000  $ 400,000  $ 925,000 $ — $ 525,000 $ 2,231,000 

(1)Excludes $4.0 million, $0.3 million and $8.9 million of net deferred financing costs on the Term Loans, mortgage loans and Senior Notes, respectively.
(2)Excludes $1.9 million related to a fair value adjustment on debt.
(3)The weighted-average interest rate gives effect to interest rate swaps, as applicable.
 
Our ultimate realized gain or loss with respect to interest rate fluctuations will depend on the exposures that arise during future periods, prevailing interest rates and our hedging strategies at that time.
 
Changes in market interest rates on our fixed rate debt impact the fair value of our debt, but such changes have no impact to our consolidated financial statements. As of September 30, 2023, the estimated fair value of our fixed rate debt was $883.2 million, which is based on having the same debt service requirements that could have been borrowed at the date presented, at prevailing current market interest rates. If interest rates were to rise by 1.00%, or 100 basis points, and our fixed rate debt balance remains constant, we expect the fair value of our debt to decrease by approximately $33.6 million.

Item 4.            Controls and Procedures
 
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
In accordance with Rule 13a-15(b) of the Exchange Act, the Company’s management, under the supervision and participation of the Company's Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2023.

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Table of Contents
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15 and 15d-15 of the Exchange Act) during the period ended September 30, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II.  OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.        Legal Proceedings
 
The nature of the operations of our hotels exposes our hotel properties, the Company and the Operating Partnership to the risk of claims and litigation in the normal course of their business. Other than routine litigation arising out of the ordinary course of business, the Company is not presently subject to any material litigation nor, to the Company's knowledge, is any material litigation threatened against the Company.

Item 1A.            Risk Factors
 
For a discussion of our potential risks and uncertainties, please refer to the "Risk Factors" section in our Annual Report, which is accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report.

Item 2.                     Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
 
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
 
The Company did not sell any securities during the quarter ended September 30, 2023 that were not registered under the Securities Act.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table summarizes all of the share repurchases during the three months ended September 30, 2023:
Period Total number
of shares
purchased		 Average price
paid per share		 Total number of
shares purchased as
part of publicly
announced plans or
programs		 Maximum number
of shares that may
yet be purchased
under the plans or
programs (1)
July 1, 2023 through July 31, 2023 224,056  $ 10.06  224,056  22,880,530 
August 1, 2023 through August 31, 2023 982,760  $ 9.77  982,760  22,629,624 
September 1, 2023 through September 30, 2023 298,938  $ 9.86  298,938  22,790,720 
Total 1,505,754    1,505,754   

(1)The 2023 Share Repurchase Program to acquire up to an aggregate of $250.0 million of common and preferred shares
was approved in April 2023 and is set to expire on May 8, 2024. The maximum number of shares that may yet be repurchased under a share repurchase program is calculated by dividing the total dollar amount available to repurchase shares by the closing price of our common shares on the last business day of the respective month.

Item 3.                     Defaults Upon Senior Securities
 
None.
 
Item 4.
 
Not applicable.

Item 5.                     Other Information




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Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans
    
Mine Safety Disclosures During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, none of the Company’s trustees or executive officers adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of Company securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement."

Item 6.                     Exhibits

The exhibits required to be filed by Item 601 of Regulation S-K are noted below:

Exhibit Index
Exhibit
Number		   Description of Exhibit
   
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
31.1*  
31.2*  
32.1*  
101.INS   Inline XBRL Instance Document   Submitted electronically with this report
101.SCH   Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document   Submitted electronically with this report
101.CAL   Inline XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document   Submitted electronically with this report
101.DEF   Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document   Submitted electronically with this report
101.LAB   Inline XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document   Submitted electronically with this report
101.PRE   Inline XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document   Submitted electronically with this report
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and included in Exhibit 101) Submitted electronically with this report
 *Filed herewith





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SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
  RLJ LODGING TRUST
   
Dated: November 2, 2023 /s/ LESLIE D. HALE
  Leslie D. Hale
  President and Chief Executive Officer
Dated: November 2, 2023 /s/ SEAN M. MAHONEY
  Sean M. Mahoney
  Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
  (Principal Financial Officer)
Dated: November 2, 2023 /s/ CHRISTOPHER A. GORMSEN
  Christopher A. Gormsen
  Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer
  (Principal Accounting Officer)
42
EX-31.1 2 exhibit311-9302023.htm EX-31.1 Document
EXHIBIT 31.1


 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
I, Leslie D. Hale, certify that:
 
1.                   I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of RLJ Lodging Trust;
 
2.                   Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3.                   Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4.                   The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
 
a.                   Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
b.                   Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
c.                    Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures, and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
d.                   Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
 
5.                   The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of trustees (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 
a.                   All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
b.                   Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
  RLJ LODGING TRUST
   
Dated: November 2, 2023 /s/ LESLIE D. HALE
  Leslie D. Hale
  President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2 3 exhibit312-9302023.htm EX-31.2 Document
EXHIBIT 31.2


 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
I, Sean M. Mahoney, certify that:
 
1.                   I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of RLJ Lodging Trust;
 
2.                   Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3.                   Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4.                   The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
 
a.                   Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
b.                   Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
c.                    Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures, and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
d.                   Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
 
5.                   The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of trustees (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 
a.                   All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
b.                   Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
  RLJ LODGING TRUST
   
Dated: November 2, 2023 /s/ SEAN M. MAHONEY
  Sean M. Mahoney
  Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1 4 exhibit321-9302023.htm EX-32.1 Document
EXHIBIT 32.1


 
Certification Pursuant To
18 U.S.C. Section 1350,
as Adopted Pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
In connection with the Quarterly Report of RLJ Lodging Trust (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Leslie D. Hale, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and I, Sean M. Mahoney, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, to our knowledge, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
 
(1)                       the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
 
(2)                       the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
  RLJ LODGING TRUST
   
Dated: November 2, 2023 /s/ LESLIE D. HALE
  Leslie D. Hale
  President and Chief Executive Officer
   
  /s/ SEAN M. MAHONEY
  Sean M. Mahoney
  Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer