Exhibit 4.1

NEITHER THE ISSUANCE AND SALE OF THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE NOR THE SECURITIES INTO WHICH THESE SECURITIES ARE CONVERTIBLE HAVE BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE OFFERED FOR SALE, SOLD, TRANSFERRED OR ASSIGNED (I) IN THE ABSENCE OF (A) AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FOR THE SECURITIES UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR (B) AN OPINION OF COUNSEL TO THE HOLDER (IF REQUESTED BY THE COMPANY), IN A FORM REASONABLY ACCEPTABLE TO THE COMPANY, THAT REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED UNDER SAID ACT OR (II) UNLESS SOLD OR ELIGIBLE TO BE SOLD PURSUANT TO RULE 144 OR RULE 144A UNDER SAID ACT. NOTWITHSTANDING THE FOREGOING, THE SECURITIES MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT OR OTHER LOAN OR FINANCING ARRANGEMENT SECURED BY THE SECURITIES. ANY TRANSFEREE OF THIS NOTE SHOULD CAREFULLY REVIEW THE TERMS OF THIS NOTE. THE PRINCIPAL AMOUNT REPRESENTED BY THIS NOTE AND, ACCORDINGLY, THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON CONVERSION HEREOF MAY BE LESS THAN THE AMOUNTS SET FORTH ON THE FACE HEREOF.

TRIO PETROLEUM CORP.

Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, Trio Petroleum Corp., a Delaware corporation (the “Maker” or the “Company”), hereby promises to pay to the order of , a Delaware limited liability company, or its registered assigns (the “Holder”) the principal sum of $400,000 (the “Principal Amount”) pursuant to the terms of this Convertible Promissory Note (this “Note”). In exchange for delivery of this Note on the Original Issuance Date referred to above, the Holder shall lend the Maker $360,000 in United States dollars net of an original issuance discount of $40,000.

ARTICLE 1

PAYMENT OF PRINCIPAL; INTEREST; PREPAYMENTS, ETC.

1.1 Purchase Agreement. This Note has been executed and delivered pursuant to, and is issued pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, and is subject to, and incorporates, the provisions of the Purchase Agreement.

1.2 Interest. This Note has been issued with original issue discount and no interest shall accrue hereunder prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default. From and after the occurrence and during the continuance of any Event of Default, interest shall accrue hereunder at a rate equal to 15% per annum or, if less, the highest amount permitted by law (such interest upon an Event of Default shall be referred to as “Interest” or “Default Interest”), shall compound monthly based upon a 360-day year, and shall be due and payable on the first Trading Day of each month during the continuance of such Event of Default (a “Default Interest Payment Date”). In the event that such Event of Default is subsequently cured and no other Event of Default then exists (including, without limitation, for the Company’s failure to pay such Default Interest on the applicable Default Interest Payment Date), the Default Interest shall cease to accrue hereunder as of the day immediately following the date of such cure; provided that the Interest as calculated and unpaid at such increased rate during the continuance of such Event of Default shall continue to apply to the extent relating to the days after the occurrence of such Event of Default through and including the date of such cure of such Event of Default.

1.3 Principal Installment Payments. Subject to the provisions of Section 1.4 hereafter, on the four (4)-month anniversary of the Original Issuance Date (such date, the “Maturity Date”), the Company shall pay to Holder an amount of cash representing the Outstanding Balance due under this Note as of the Maturity Date. The Maturity Date may be extended at the sole discretion of the Holder for any number of consecutive thirty (30) day periods. The Maker and the Holder agree that all payments made under this Note, including without limitation the provisions of Article 1, shall be subject in all cases to the terms of the Purchase Agreement.

1.4 Prepayment.

(a) Optional Prepayment. At any time after the Original Issuance Date and provided that no Event of Default has occurred, the Maker shall have the right to prepay all or any portion of the Outstanding Balance at any time (“Optional Prepayment”), by paying to the Holder a sum of money equal to one hundred percent (100%) of the Outstanding Balance amount to be redeemed and any and all other sums due, accrued or payable to the Holder arising under this Note or any Transaction Document through the Optional Prepayment Date as defined below (the “Optional Prepayment Amount”). The Maker’s election to exercise its right to prepay must be by notice in writing (“Optional Prepayment Notice”). The Optional Prepayment Notice shall specify the date for such Optional Prepayment (the “Optional Prepayment Date”), which date shall not be more than fifteen (15) Trading Days after the date of the Optional Prepayment Notice (the “Optional Prepayment Period”). An Optional Prepayment Notice shall not be effective with respect to any portion of the Outstanding Balance for which the Holder has a pending election to convert, or for conversions initiated or made by the Holder during the Optional Prepayment Period. On the Optional Prepayment Date, the Optional Prepayment Amount, less any portion of the Optional Prepayment Amount against which the Holder has exercised its conversion rights, shall be paid in good funds to the Holder. If the Maker fails to pay the Optional Prepayment Amount on or before the Optional Prepayment Date as set forth herein, then such Notice of Optional Prepayment will be null and void.

(b) Mandatory Prepayment. If, while this Note is outstanding, the Maker consummates a Qualified Financing, the Maker shall be required to prepay the entire Outstanding Balance of this Note (the “Mandatory Prepayment Amount”) from the proceeds of such Qualified Financing, unless otherwise waived, in writing, by the Purchaser (the “Mandatory Prepayment”). The Maker shall provide the Holder with written notice, at least ten (10) Trading Days prior to the closing of such Qualified Financing (the “Mandatory Prepayment Period”), notifying the Holder of its right to Mandatory Prepayment hereunder (the “Mandatory Prepayment Notice”). In the event that the right to a Mandatory Prepayment is not waived, in writing, by the Purchaser, a Mandatory Prepayment Notice shall not be effective with respect to any portion of the Outstanding Balance for which the Holder has a pending election to convert, or for conversions initiated or made by the Holder during the Mandatory Prepayment Period. On or before the date that is five (5) Trading Days after the closing of such Qualified Financing, (the “Mandatory Prepayment Date”), the Maker shall pay to the Holder in good funds the Mandatory Prepayment Amount, less any portion of the Mandatory Prepayment Amount against which the Holder has exercised its conversion rights.

(c) Except as otherwise provided elsewhere in this Note, the Maker may not prepay any portion of this Note.

1.4 Secured Obligation. This Note shall constitute a senior obligation of the Maker and its Subsidiaries and is subject to the terms and conditions of the Security Agreement, which shall become effective upon the termination of the senior security interest granted by the Maker to an existing creditor, but no later than April 30, 2024.

1.5 Payment on Non-Trading Days. Whenever any payment to be made on this Note shall be due on a day which is not a Trading Day, such payment may be due on the next succeeding Trading Day.

1.6 Replacement. Upon receipt of a duly executed Affidavit of Loss and Indemnity Agreement in customary form from the Holder with respect to the loss, theft or destruction of this Note (or any replacement hereof), or, in the case of a mutilation of this Note, upon surrender and cancellation of such Note, the Maker shall issue a new Note, of like tenor and amount, in lieu of such lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated Note. The Holder shall not be required to post a bond or other security.

ARTICLE 2

EVENTS OF DEFAULT

2.1 Events of Default. Each of the following events shall constitute an “Event of Default”, upon provision of written notice from the Purchaser and the passage of two Business Days therefrom:

(a) any default in the payment of the Principal Amount or other sums due under this Note issued to the Holder when due (whether on the Maturity Date or by acceleration or otherwise);

(b) except as otherwise permitted in this Note, the Maker shall fail to observe or perform any other covenant, condition or agreement contained in this Note or any Transaction Document, including, for the avoidance of doubt, (i) any failure comply with the Piggy-Back Registration rights described in the Purchase Agreement, or (ii) any other material breach of its covenants and obligations under the Purchase Agreement or any of the other Transaction Documents to which the Maker and the Holder are parties;

(c) the Maker or any of its Subsidiaries shall (i) default in any payment of any Indebtedness and Permitted Indebtedness when such Indebtedness or Permitted Indebtedness is due and payable or (ii) default in performance of any other material agreement or condition relating to any such Indebtedness or contained in any instrument or agreement evidencing, securing, or relating thereto, or any other event shall occur or condition exist, the effect of which default or other event or condition is to cause, or to permit the holder or holders of such Indebtedness to cause, with the giving of notice if required, such Indebtedness to become due prior to its stated maturity;

(d) the Maker’s notice to the Holder, including by way of public announcement at any time of its inability to comply or its intention not to comply with proper requests for conversion of this Note into Common Stock;

(e) the Maker shall fail to timely deliver the Common Stock as and when required in Section 3.2;

(f) any representation or warranty made by the Maker or any of its Subsidiaries in the Purchase Agreement, this Note, or any other Transaction Document shall prove to have been false or misleading or breached in a material respect on the date as of which made;

(g) the Maker or any of its Subsidiaries shall: (i) apply for or consent to the appointment of, or the taking of possession by, a receiver, custodian, trustee or liquidator of itself or of all or a substantial part of its property or assets; (ii) make a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; (iii) commence a voluntary case under the United States Bankruptcy Code (as now or hereafter in effect) or under the comparable laws of any jurisdiction (foreign or domestic); (iv) file a petition seeking to take advantage of any bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium, reorganization or other similar law affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally; (v) acquiesce in writing to any petition filed against it in an involuntary case under United States Bankruptcy Code (as now or hereafter in effect) or under the comparable laws of any jurisdiction (foreign or domestic); (vi) issue a notice of bankruptcy or winding down of its operations or issue a press release regarding same; or (vii) take any action under the laws of any jurisdiction (foreign or domestic) analogous to any of the foregoing;

(h) a proceeding or case shall be commenced in respect of the Maker or any of its Subsidiaries, without its application or consent, in any court of competent jurisdiction, seeking: (i) the liquidation, reorganization, moratorium, dissolution, winding up, or composition or readjustment of its debts; (ii) the appointment of a trustee, receiver, custodian, liquidator or the like of it or of all or any substantial part of its assets in connection with the liquidation or dissolution of the Maker or any of its Subsidiaries; or (iii) similar relief in respect of it under any law providing for the relief of debtors, and such proceeding or case described in clause (i), (ii) or (iii) shall continue undismissed, or unstayed and in effect, for a period of 60 days or any order for relief shall be entered in an involuntary case under United States Bankruptcy Code (as now or hereafter in effect) or under the comparable laws of any jurisdiction (foreign or domestic) against the Maker or any of its Subsidiaries or action under the laws of any jurisdiction (foreign or domestic) analogous to any of the foregoing shall be taken with respect to the Maker or any of its Subsidiaries and shall continue undismissed, or unstayed and in effect for a period of 30 days;

(i) one or more final judgments or orders for the payment of money aggregating in excess of $150,000 (or its equivalent in the relevant currency of payment) are rendered against one or more of the Company and/or any of its Subsidiaries, that is not dismissed or stayed within 30 days;

(j) the Company fails to comply with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act (including but not limited to becoming delinquent in the filing of any report required to be filed under the Exchange Act which shall not be considered delinquent if an extension permitted by Rule 12b-25 under the Exchange Act has been timely filed) or ceases to be subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act. For avoidance of doubt, a failure to timely file an Exchange Act report or extension shall be deemed to be a failure to comply in a material respect;

(k) the Maker’s Common Stock ceases to be listed on the Trading Market (unless the Maker’s Common Stock is immediately thereafter listed on either The Nasdaq Capital Market, the NYSE American LLC, The Nasdaq Global Select Market, The Nasdaq Global Market or The New York Stock Exchange, Inc.);

(l) the Maker consummates a “going private” transaction and as a result its Common Stock is no longer registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act;

(m) there shall be any SEC stop order with respect to any Registration Statement pursuant to which any of the Conversion Shares are registered for resale, a trading suspension by the SEC or the Trading Market of the Common Stock, or any restriction in place with the Transfer Agent for the Common Stock restricting the trading of such Common Stock which continues for two (2) Trading Days;

(n) the electronic transfer by the Company of shares of Common Stock through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation is no longer available or is subject to a “chill” which continues for two (2) Trading Days;

(o) if the Company replaces its Transfer Agent, the Company fails to instruct the new Transfer Agent to provide prior to the effective date of such replacement, a fully executed irrevocable transfer agent instructions (including but not limited to the provision to irrevocably reserve the Required Minimum) signed by the successor Transfer Agent and the Company; or

(p) any provision of any Transaction Document shall at any time for any reason (other than pursuant to the express terms thereof) cease to be valid and binding on or enforceable against the parties thereto, or the validity or enforceability thereof shall be contested by any party thereto, or a proceeding shall be commenced by the Company or any Governmental Authority having jurisdiction over any of them, seeking to establish the invalidity or unenforceability thereof, or the Company shall deny in writing that it has any liability or obligation purported to be created under any Transaction Document.

2.2 Default Notice; Right to Cure; Remedies Upon an Event of Default.

(a) Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default, the Maker shall, as promptly as possible but in any event within two Business Days of the occurrence of such Event of Default, notify the Holder of the occurrence of such Event of Default, describing the event or factual situation giving rise to the Event of Default and specifying the relevant subsection or subsections of Section 2.1 hereof under which such Event of Default has occurred (the “Default Notice”).

(b) Upon the occurrence of any of the events set forth in subsections 2.1(a) and 2.1(p) above, that has not been (i) waived, in writing, by the Holder within ten (10) Trading Days of Maker’s receipt of a Default Notice from Holder or (ii) cured by the Maker within ten (10) Trading Days of Maker’s receipt of a Default Notice from Holder, provided, however, that (i) any event described in subsection 2.1(a) must be waived or cured within five (5) Trading Days’ after Maker’s receipt of Default Notice and (ii) there shall be no cure period for any event described subsection 2.1(g) or 2.1(h), the Maker shall be obligated to pay to the Holder Default Interest on the Outstanding Balance until the Event of Default has been cured.

(b) Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default, the Maker shall, as promptly as possible but in any event within two Trading Days of the occurrence of such Event of Default, notify the Holder of the occurrence of such Event of Default, describing the event or factual situation giving rise to the Event of Default and specifying the relevant subsection or subsections of Section 2.1 hereof under which such Event of Default has occurred.

(c) Subject to Section 2.2(b), upon the occurrence of any Event of Default which has continued for a period of at least fifteen (15) days, the Holder may at any time, after such 15-day period, at its option declare, by written notice to the Maker, the Outstanding Balance due and payable, and thereupon, the same shall be accelerated and so due and payable within two Trading Days of receipt of such notice. Upon any such acceleration and the payment of the entire Outstanding Balance, this Note shall be terminated and the Maker shall have no further obligations hereunder.

(d) Any Event of Default hereunder may be waived upon the mutual agreement of the Company and the Holder.

ARTICLE 3

CONVERSION; CERTAIN ADJUSTMENTS

3.1 Conversion.

(a) Conversion. At any time after the Original Issuance Date, this Note shall be convertible (in whole or in part) at the option of the Holder into such number of fully paid and non-assessable shares of Common Stock as is determined by dividing (i) that portion of the Outstanding Balance that the Holder elects to convert by (ii) the Conversion Price then in effect on the date on which the Holder delivers to the Maker a notice of conversion in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (the “Notice of Conversion”) in accordance with Section 5.1. The Holder shall deliver this Note to the Maker at the address designated in the Purchase Agreement at such time that this Note is fully converted. With respect to partial conversions of this Note, the Maker shall keep written records of the amount of this Note converted as of the date of such conversion.

(b) Conversion Price. The “Conversion Price” means $0.25 per share, subject to adjustment as provided herein. For avoidance of doubt, all references in this Note to the Conversion Price shall be construed to include adjustments as provided in this Note. The Maker is responsible for fees of the Transfer Agent and all DTC fees associated with any issuance.

(c) Optional Conversion on Qualified Financing. The Company shall notify the Holders at least ten (10) Trading Days prior to the closing of a Qualified Financing as to the expected timing and principal terms thereof. Prior to a Qualified Financing, the Holder, at its sole option, may deliver to the Maker a Notice of Conversion to convert all or any portion of the Outstanding Balance, for a number of Shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing the dollar amount of such Outstanding Balance by the Conversion Price.

3.2 Delivery of Conversion Shares.

(a) As soon as practicable after any conversion or payment of any amount due hereunder in the form of shares of Common Stock in accordance with this Note, and in any event within the Standard Settlement Period thereafter (such date, the “Share Delivery Date”), the Maker shall, at its expense, cause to be issued in the name of and delivered to the Holder, or as the Holder may direct, a certificate or certificates evidencing the number of shares of fully paid and non-assessable Common Stock to which the Holder shall be entitled on such conversion or payment (the “Conversion Shares”), in the applicable denominations based on the applicable conversion or payment, which certificate or certificates shall be free of restrictive and trading legends (except for any such legends as may be required under the Securities Act). In lieu of delivering physical certificates for the Common Stock issuable upon any conversion of this Note, provided the Transfer Agent is participating in the Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) DTC Fast Automated Securities Transfer Program or a similar program, upon request of the Holder, the Company shall cause the Transfer Agent to electronically transmit such Conversion Shares issuable upon conversion of this Note to the Holder (or its designee), by crediting the account of the Holder’s (or such designee’s) broker with DTC through its Deposit Withdrawal At Custodian system (provided that the same time periods herein as for stock certificates shall apply) as instructed by the Holder (or its designee).

(b) Obligation Absolute. The Company’s obligations to issue and deliver the Conversion Shares upon conversion of this Note in accordance with the terms hereof are absolute and unconditional, irrespective of any action or inaction by the Holder to enforce the same, any waiver or consent with respect to any provision hereof, the recovery of any judgment against any Person or any action to enforce the same, or any setoff, counterclaim, recoupment, limitation or termination, or any breach or alleged breach by the Holder or any other Person of any obligation to the Company or any violation or alleged violation of law by the Holder or any other Person, and irrespective of any other circumstance which might otherwise limit such obligation of the Company to the Holder in connection with the issuance of such Conversion Shares; provided, however, that such delivery shall not operate as a waiver by the Company of any such action the Company may have against the Holder. If the Holder of this Note shall elect to convert any or all of the then Outstanding Balance of this Note, the Company may not refuse conversion based on any claim that the Holder or anyone associated or affiliated with the Holder has been engaged in any violation of law, violation of any agreement to which the Holder or the Company is a party, or for any other reason, unless (i) an injunction issued by a court, on notice to Holder, restraining and or enjoining conversion of all or part of this Note shall have been sought and obtained, and (ii) the Company posts a surety bond for the benefit of the Holder in the amount of the Outstanding Balance being converted, which is subject to the injunction, which bond shall remain in effect until the completion of litigation of the underlying dispute and the proceeds of which shall be payable to the Holder (as liquidated damages) to the extent it obtains judgment. In the absence of such injunction, the Company shall issue the Conversion Shares or, if applicable, cash, upon delivery of a Notice of Conversion.

(c) Reserved.

(d) Beneficial Ownership Limitation. The Company shall not effect any conversion of this Note, and a Holder shall not have the right to convert any portion of this Note, to the extent that after giving effect to the conversion set forth on the applicable Notice of Conversion, the Holder (together with the Holder’s Affiliates, and any Persons acting as a Group together with the Holder or any of the Holder’s Affiliates) would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below). For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates shall include the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of this Note with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude the number of shares of Common Stock which are issuable upon (i) conversion of the remaining, unconverted Outstanding Balance of this Note beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or unconverted portion of any other securities of the Company subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 3.2(d), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. To the extent that the limitation contained in this Section 3.2(d) applies, the determination of whether this Note is convertible (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates) and of which the Outstanding Balance of this Note is convertible shall be in the sole discretion of the Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Conversion shall be deemed to be the Holder’s determination of whether this Note may be converted (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates) and which Outstanding Balance of this Note is convertible, in each case subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation. To ensure compliance with this restriction, the Holder will be deemed to represent to the Company each time it delivers a Notice of Conversion that such Notice of Conversion has not violated the restrictions set forth in this paragraph and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination. In addition, a determination as to any Group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. For purposes of this Section 3.2(d), in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock, the Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as stated in the most recent of the following: (i) the Company’s most recent periodic or annual report filed with the SEC, as the case may be, (ii) a more recent public announcement by the Company, or (iii) a more recent written notice by the Company or the Company’s Transfer Agent setting forth the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding. Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company shall within two Trading Days confirm orally and in writing to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Note, by the Holder or its Affiliates since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported. The “Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall be 9.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of this Note held by the Holder. The Holder, upon not less than 61 days’ prior notice to the Company, may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section 3.2(d), provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon conversion of this Note held by the Holder and the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section 3.2(d) shall continue to apply. Any such increase or decrease will not be effective until the 61st day after such notice is delivered to the Company. The Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section 3.2(d) shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this hereof to correct this Section 3.2(d) (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation contained herein or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Note.

(e) Fractional Shares. The Company shall not issue any fraction of a share of Common Stock upon any conversion. If the issuance would result in the issuance of a fraction of a share of Common Stock, the Company shall round such fraction of a share of Common Stock up to the nearest whole share.

(f) No Impairment. The Maker shall not, by amendment of its Certificate of Incorporation or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms to be observed or performed hereunder by the Maker, but will at all times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all the provisions of this Section 3.2 and in the taking of all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order to protect the conversion rights of the Holder against impairment.

(g) Issuance Taxes. The Maker shall pay any and all issuance and other taxes, excluding federal, state, or local income taxes, that may be payable in respect of any issue or delivery of Common Stock on conversion of this Note pursuant thereto; provided, however, that the Maker shall not be obligated to pay any transfer taxes resulting from any transfer requested by the Holder in connection with any such conversion.

(h) Reservation of Common Stock. The Maker shall, at all times while this Note shall be outstanding, reserve and keep available out of its authorized but unissued Common Stock a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock to issue to Holder upon any conversions of the Outstanding Balance (disregarding for this purpose any and all limitations of any kind on such conversion) (the “Required Minimum”).

(i) Regulatory Compliance. If any Common Stock to be reserved for the purpose of conversion of this Note requires registration or listing with or approval of any Governmental Authority, national securities exchange or other regulatory body under any federal or state law or regulation or otherwise before such shares may be validly issued or delivered upon conversion, the Maker shall, at its sole cost and expense, in good faith and as expeditiously as possible, secure such registration, listing or approval, as the case may be.

3.3 Certain Adjustments. The Conversion Price and number and kind of shares or other securities to be issued upon conversion shall be subject to adjustment from time to time upon the happening of certain events while this conversion right remains outstanding, as follows:

(a) Reclassification, etc. If the Maker at any time shall, by reclassification or otherwise, change the Common Stock into the same or a different number of securities of any class or classes, this Note, as to the unpaid Outstanding Balance, shall thereafter be deemed to evidence the right to convert into an adjusted number of such securities and kind of securities as would have been issuable as the result of such change with respect to the Common Stock immediately prior to such reclassification or other change.

(b) Stock Splits, Combinations and Dividends. If the shares of Common Stock are subdivided or combined into a greater or smaller number of shares of Common Stock, or if a dividend is paid on the Common Stock in shares of Common Stock, the Conversion Price shall be proportionately reduced in case of subdivision of shares or stock dividend or proportionately increased in the case of combination of shares, in each such case by the ratio which the total number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event bears to the total number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to such event.

(c ) Voluntary Adjustment by Company. Subject to the rules and regulations of the Trading Market, the Company may at any time during the term of this Note, with the prior written consent of the Holder reduce the then current Conversion Price of this Note to any amount and for any period of time deemed appropriate by the board of directors of the Company.

3.4 Reserved.

3.5 Rights Upon Fundamental Transaction.

(a) Assumption. Upon the Company entering into or becoming a party to a Fundamental Transaction (i) the Person (which may be the Company) formed by, resulting from or surviving any Fundamental Transaction or the Person with which such Fundamental Transaction shall have been entered into (the “Successor Entity”) shall assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Note prior to such Fundamental Transaction, including agreements to deliver to the Holder in exchange for the Note a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to the Note, including, without limitation, having principal and interest equal to the Outstanding Balance of the Note held by the Holder, having similar conversion rights as the Note and having similar ranking and security to the Note, and satisfactory to the Holder and (ii) the Successor Entity (including its parent entity) is a publicly traded corporation whose common stock is quoted on or listed for trading on any eligible market, including The Nasdaq Capital Market, the NYSE American LLC, The Nasdaq Global Select Market, The Nasdaq Global Market or The New York Stock Exchange, Inc. Upon the occurrence of any Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall succeed to, and be substituted for (so that from and after the date of such Fundamental Transaction, the provisions of this Note and the other Transaction Documents referring to the “Company” or the “Maker” shall refer instead to the Successor Entity), and may exercise every right and power of the Company and shall assume all of the obligations of the Company under this Note and the other Transaction Documents with the same effect as if such Successor Entity had been named as the Company herein. Upon consummation of a Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall deliver to the Holder confirmation that there shall be issued upon conversion or redemption of this Note at any time after the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction, in lieu of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon the conversion or redemption of the Note prior to such Fundamental Transaction, such shares of the publicly traded common stock (or their equivalent) of the Successor Entity (including its parent entity) which the Holder would have been entitled to receive upon the happening of such Fundamental Transaction had this Note been converted immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitations on the conversion of this Note), as adjusted in accordance with the provisions of this Note. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Holder may elect, at its sole option, by delivery of written notice to the Company, to waive this Section 3.5(a) to permit the Fundamental Transaction without the assumption of this Note. The provisions of this Section 3.5(a) shall apply similarly and equally to successive Fundamental Transactions and shall be applied without regard to any limitations on the conversion of this Note.

(b) Notice of a Change of Control; Redemption Right. No sooner than twenty (20) Trading Days nor later than ten (10) Trading Days prior to the consummation of a Change of Control, but not prior to the public announcement of such Change of Control, the Company shall deliver written notice thereof via email and overnight courier to the Holder (a “Change of Control Notice”). At any time during the period beginning after the Holder’s receipt of a Change of Control Notice or the Holder becoming aware of a Change of Control if a Change of Control Notice is not delivered to the Holder in accordance with the immediately preceding sentence (as applicable) and ending on twenty (20) Trading Days after the later of (i) the date of consummation of such Change of Control or (ii) the date of receipt of such Change of Control Notice or (iii) the date of the announcement of such Change of Control, the Holder may require the Company to redeem all or any portion of the Outstanding Balance of this Note by delivering written notice thereof (“Change of Control Redemption Notice”) to the Company, which Change of Control Redemption Notice shall indicate the amount the Outstanding Balance the Holder is electing to redeem. The portion of this Note subject to redemption pursuant to this Section 3.5(d) shall be redeemed by the Company in cash at a price equal to 110% of the Outstanding Balance of this Note (the “Change of Control Redemption Price”). To the extent redemptions required by this Section 3.5(b) are deemed or determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to be prepayments of this Note by the Company, such redemptions shall be deemed to be voluntary prepayments. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 3.5(b), but subject to Section 3.2(d), until the Change of Control Redemption Price is paid in full, the amount of the Outstanding Balance submitted for redemption under this Section 3.5(b) may be converted, in whole or in part, by the Holder into Common Stock pursuant to Section 3.2. In the event of a partial redemption of this Note pursuant hereto, the amount of the Outstanding Balance of this Note redeemed shall be deducted from the Outstanding Balance.

(c) Other Corporate Events. In addition to and not in substitution for any other rights hereunder, prior to the consummation of any Fundamental Transaction pursuant to which holders of shares of Common Stock are entitled to receive securities or other assets with respect to or in exchange for shares of Common Stock (a “Corporate Event”), the Company shall make appropriate provision to ensure that the Holder will thereafter have the right to receive upon a conversion of this Note, at the Holder’s option, (i) in addition to the shares of Common Stock receivable upon such conversion, such securities or other assets to which the Holder would have been entitled with respect to such shares of Common Stock had such shares of Common Stock been held by the Holder upon the consummation of such Corporate Event (without taking into account any limitations or restrictions on the convertibility of this Note) or (ii) in lieu of the shares of Common Stock otherwise receivable upon such conversion, such securities or other assets received by the holders of shares of Common Stock in connection with the consummation of such Corporate Event in such amounts as the Holder would have been entitled to receive had this Note initially been issued with conversion rights for the form of such consideration (as opposed to shares of Common Stock) at a conversion price for such consideration commensurate with the Conversion Price. Provision made pursuant to the preceding sentence shall be in a form and substance satisfactory to the Holder. The provisions of this Section 3.5(c) shall apply similarly and equally to successive Corporate Events and shall be applied without regard to any limitations on the conversion or redemption of this Note.

3.6 No Rights as Shareholder. Nothing contained in this Note shall be construed as conferring upon the Holder, prior to the conversion of this Note, the right to vote or to receive dividends or to consent or to receive notice as a shareholder of the Company in respect of any meeting of shareholders for the election of directors of the Maker or of any other matter, or any other rights as a shareholder of the Maker.

ARTICLE 4

COVENANTS

4.1 Covenants. For so long as there is any Outstanding Balance of this Note, unless the Holder has otherwise given prior written consent, the Company shall be bound by the following covenants:

(a) Prohibition on Indebtedness and Liens. The Company will not: create, incur or otherwise become or remain liable with respect to, any indebtedness for borrowed money, evidenced by notes or other instruments or for the deferred purchase price of goods or services, other than Permitted Indebtedness.

(b) Restriction on Prepayment and Cash Dividends. At any time that an Event of Default exists and is continuing under this Note, the Company shall not, and the Company shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to not, directly or indirectly, prepay, repurchase or declare or pay any cash dividend or other distribution on any of its capital stock excluding any intercompany transfers.

(c) Preservation of Existence, Etc. The Company shall maintain and preserve, and cause each of its Subsidiaries to maintain and preserve, its existence, rights, and privileges, and become or remain, and cause each of its material Subsidiaries to become or remain, duly qualified and in good standing in each jurisdiction in which the character of the properties owned or leased by it or in which the transaction of its business makes such qualification necessary.

(d) Maintenance of Properties, Etc. The Company shall maintain and preserve, and cause each of its material Subsidiaries to maintain and preserve, all of its properties which are necessary or useful in the proper conduct of its business in good working order and condition, ordinary wear and tear excepted, and comply, and cause each of its material Subsidiaries to comply, at all times with the provisions of all leases to which it is a party as lessee or under which it occupies property, so as to prevent any loss or forfeiture thereof or thereunder.

(e) Maintenance of Intellectual Property. The Company will, and will cause each of its material Subsidiaries to, take all action necessary or advisable to maintain all of the rights or licenses to use all trademarks, trade names, service marks, service mark registrations, service names, original works of authorship, patents, patent rights, copyrights, inventions, licenses, approvals, governmental authorizations, trade secrets, and other intellectual property rights and all applications and registrations therefor of the Company and/or any of its Subsidiaries, in each case that are necessary or material to the conduct of its business in full force and effect.

(f) Transactions with Affiliates. The Company shall not, nor shall it permit any of its Subsidiaries to, enter into, renew, extend or be a party to, any transaction or series of related transactions (including, without limitation, the purchase, sale, lease, transfer or exchange of property or assets of any kind or the rendering of services of any kind) with any Affiliate, except in the ordinary course of business or consistent with past practice and necessary or desirable for the prudent operation of its business, for fair consideration and on terms no less favorable to it or its Subsidiaries than would be obtainable in a comparable arm’s length transaction with a Person that is not an Affiliate thereof.

(g) Use of Proceeds. The Maker shall use the proceeds of this Note as set forth in the Purchase Agreement.

(h) Operation of Business. The Company shall operate its business in the ordinary course consistent with past practices.

(i) Compliance with Transaction Documents. The Maker shall, and shall cause its Subsidiaries to, comply with its obligations under this Note and the other Transaction Documents.

(j) Payment of Taxes, Etc. The Maker shall, and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to, promptly pay and discharge, or cause to be paid and discharged, when due and payable, all lawful taxes, assessments and governmental charges or levies imposed upon the income, profits, property or business of the Maker and the Subsidiaries, except for such failures to pay that, individually or in the aggregate, have not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; provided, however, that any such tax, assessment, charge, or levy need not be paid if the validity thereof shall currently be contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and if the Maker or such Subsidiaries shall have set aside on its books adequate reserves with respect thereto, and provided, further, that the Maker and such Subsidiaries will pay all such taxes, assessments, charges, or levies forthwith upon the commencement of proceedings to foreclose any lien which may have attached as security therefor.

ARTICLE 5

MISCELLANEOUS

5.1 Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of (a) the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via email at the email address specified in this Section 5.1 prior to 5:00 p.m. (New York, N.Y. time) on a Trading Day, (b) the next Trading Day after the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via email at the email address specified in this Section 5.1 on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:00 p.m. (New York, N.Y. time) on any date and earlier than 11:59 p.m. (New York, N.Y. time) on such date, (c) the Trading Day following the date of delivery to a carrier , if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service next Trading Day delivery, or (d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. The addresses for notice shall be as set forth in the Purchase Agreement.

5.2 Governing Law. This Note shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the Purchase Agreement. This Note shall not be interpreted or construed with any presumption against the party causing this Note to be drafted.

5.3 Headings. Article and section headings in this Note are included herein for purposes of convenience of reference only and shall not constitute a part of this Note for any other purpose.

5.4 Remedies, Characterizations, Other Obligations, Breaches and Injunctive Relief. The remedies provided in this Note shall be cumulative and in addition to all other remedies available under this Note, at law or in equity (including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or other injunctive relief), no remedy contained herein shall be deemed a waiver of compliance with the provisions giving rise to such remedy and nothing herein shall limit the Holder’s right to pursue actual damages for any failure by the Maker to comply with the terms of this Note. Amounts set forth or provided for herein with respect to payments, conversion, and the like (and the computation thereof) shall be the amounts to be received by the Holder and shall not, except as expressly provided herein, be subject to any other obligation of the Maker (or the performance thereof). The Maker acknowledges that a breach by it of its obligations hereunder will cause irreparable and material harm to the Holder and that the remedy at law for any such breach would be inadequate. Therefore, the Maker agrees that, in the event of any such breach or threatened breach, the Holder shall be entitled, in addition to all other available rights and remedies, at law or in equity, to seek equitable relief, including but not limited to an injunction restraining any such breach or threatened breach, without the necessity of pleading and proving irreparable harm or lack of an adequate remedy at law and without any bond or other security being required.

5.5 Enforcement Expenses. The Maker agrees to pay all costs and expenses of the Holder in enforcing or exercising its rights under this Note, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses and the fees and expenses of any expert witnesses.

5.6 Binding Effect. The obligations of the Maker set forth herein shall be binding upon its successors and assigns, whether or not such successors or assigns are permitted by the terms herein.

5.7 Amendments; Waivers. Except for Section 3.2(d), which may not be amended, modified, or waived by the Company or the Holder except as expressly set forth therein, no provision of this Note may be waived or amended except in a written instrument signed by the Company and the Holder. No waiver of any default with respect to any provision, condition, or requirement of this Note shall be deemed to be a continuing waiver in the future or a waiver of any subsequent default or a waiver of any other provision, condition, or requirement hereof, nor shall any delay or omission of the Holder to exercise any right hereunder in any manner impair the exercise of any such right.

5.8 Compliance with Securities Laws. The Holder of this Note acknowledges that this Note is being acquired solely for the Holder’s own account and not as a nominee for any other party, and for investment, and that the Holder shall not offer, sell, or otherwise dispose of this Note in violation of applicable securities laws. This Note and any Note issued in substitution or replacement therefor shall be stamped or imprinted with a legend in substantially the form as the legend on the face of this Note.

5.9 Exclusive Jurisdiction; Venue. Any action, proceeding or claim arising out of, or relating in any way to, this Agreement shall be brought and enforced as provided in the Purchase Agreement.

5.10 Failure or Indulgence Not Waiver. No failure or delay on the part of the Holder in the exercise of any power, right, or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such power, right, or privilege preclude other or further exercise thereof or of any other right, power, or privilege.

5.11 Maker Waivers. Except as otherwise specifically provided herein, the Maker and all others that may become liable for all or any part of the obligations evidenced by this Note, hereby waive presentment, demand, notice of nonpayment, protest, and all other demands and notices in connection with the delivery, acceptance, performance, and enforcement of this Note, and do hereby consent to any number of renewals of extensions of the time or payment hereof and agree that any such renewals or extensions may be made without notice to any such persons and without affecting their liability herein and do further consent to the release of any person liable hereon, all without affecting the liability of the other persons, firms or Maker liable for the payment of this Note, and do hereby waive the right to a trial by jury.

5.12 Definitions. Capitalized terms used herein and not defined shall have the meanings set forth in the Purchase Agreement. For the purposes hereof, the following terms shall have the following meanings.

“Affiliate” has the meaning set forth in the Purchase Agreement.

“Change of Control” means any Fundamental Transaction other than (i) any merger of the Company or any of its, direct or indirect, wholly-owned Subsidiaries with or into any of the foregoing Persons, (ii) any reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification of the shares of Common Stock in which holders of the Company’s voting power immediately prior to such reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification continue after such reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification to hold publicly traded securities and, directly or indirectly, are, in all material respects, the holders of the voting power of the surviving entity (or entities with the authority or voting power to elect the members of the board of directors (or their equivalent if other than a corporation) of such entity or entities) after such reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification, or (iii) pursuant to a migratory merger effected solely for the purpose of changing the jurisdiction of incorporation of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, a change of control that results in connection with a public offering of the Company’s securities shall not be considered a Change of Control for the purposes of this Note.

“Business Day” has the meaning set forth in the Purchase Agreement.

“Change of Control Notice” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.5(b).

“Change of Control Redemption Notice” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.5(b).

“Change of Control Redemption Price” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.5(b).

“Common Stock” shall have the meaning set forth in the Purchase Agreement, and for the purposes of this Note, shall also refer to Conversion Shares unless otherwise apparent from the context.

“Company” has the meaning set forth on page 1 of this Note

“Conversion Price” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.1(b).

“Conversion Shares” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.2(a). In this Note, the use of Common Stock shall also refer to Conversion Shares unless otherwise apparent from the context.

“Corporate Event” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.5(c).

“Default Interest” has the meaning set forth in Section 1.2.

“Default Interest Payment Date” has the meaning set forth in Section 1.2.

“Default Notice” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1.

“DTC” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.2(a).

“Event of Default” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1.

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder.

“Exempt Issuance” has the meaning set forth in the Purchase Agreement.

“Fundamental Transaction” means (a) that the Company shall, directly or indirectly, including through Subsidiaries, Affiliates or otherwise, in one or more related transactions, (i) consolidate or merge with or into (whether or not the Company is the surviving corporation) another Person, or (ii) sell, assign, transfer, convey or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of the properties or assets of the Company or any of its “significant subsidiaries” (as defined in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X) to one or more Persons, or (iii) make, or allow one or more Persons to make, or allow the Company to be subject to or have its Common Stock be subject to or party to one or more Persons making, a purchase, tender or exchange offer that is accepted by the holders of at least either (x) 50% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock, (y) 50% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock calculated as if any shares of Common Stock held by all Persons making or party to, or Affiliated with any Person or group of Persons making or party to, such purchase, tender or exchange offer were not outstanding; or (z) such number of shares of Common Stock such that all Persons making or party to, or Affiliated with any Person making or party to, such purchase, tender or exchange offer, become collectively the beneficial owners (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act) of at least 50% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock, or (iv) consummate a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off or scheme of arrangement) with one or more Persons whereby all such Persons, individually or in the aggregate, acquire, either (x) at least 50% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock, (y) at least 50% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock calculated as if any shares of Common Stock held by all the Persons making or party to, or Affiliated with any Person making or party to, such stock purchase agreement or other business combination were not outstanding; or (z) such number of shares of Common Stock such that the Persons become collectively the beneficial owners (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act) of at least 50% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock, or (v) reorganize, recapitalize or reclassify its Common Stock, (B) that the Company shall, directly or indirectly, including through Subsidiaries, Affiliates or otherwise, in one or more related transactions, allow any Person individually or the Persons in the aggregate to be or become the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, whether through acquisition, purchase, assignment, conveyance, tender, tender offer, exchange, reduction in outstanding shares of Common Stock, merger, consolidation, business combination, reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off, scheme of arrangement, reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification or otherwise in any manner whatsoever, of either (x) at least 50% of the aggregate ordinary voting power represented by issued and outstanding Common Stock, (y) at least 50% of the aggregate ordinary voting power represented by issued and outstanding Common Stock not held by all such Persons as of the date of this Note calculated as if any shares of Common Stock held by all such Persons were not outstanding, or (z) a percentage of the aggregate ordinary voting power represented by issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock or other equity securities of the Company sufficient to allow such Persons to effect a statutory short form merger or other transaction requiring other shareholders of the Company to surrender their shares of Common Stock without approval of the shareholders of the Company or (C) directly or indirectly, including through Subsidiaries, Affiliates or otherwise, in one or more related transactions, the issuance of or the entering into any other instrument or transaction structured in a manner to circumvent, or that circumvents, the intent of this definition in which case this definition shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this definition to the extent necessary to correct this definition or any portion of this definition which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended treatment of such instrument or transaction. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, any of the above events that occur in connection with a public offering of the Company’s securities shall not be considered a Fundamental Transaction for the purposes of this Note.

“GAAP” has the meaning set forth in the Purchase Agreement.

“Governmental Authority” has the meaning set forth in the Purchase Agreement.

“Group” means a “group” as that term is used in Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and as defined in Rule 13d-5 thereunder.

“Holder” has the meaning contained on page 1 of this Note.

“Indebtedness” means (i) any liabilities for borrowed money or amounts owed (ii) all guaranties, endorsements and other contingent obligations in respect of indebtedness of others, whether or not the same are or should be reflected in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet (or the notes thereto), except guaranties by endorsement of negotiable instruments for deposit or collection or similar transactions in the ordinary course of business; (iii) all obligations or liabilities secured by a lien or encumbrance on any asset of the Company, irrespective of whether such obligation or liability is assumed and (iv) the present value of any lease payments due under leases required to be capitalized in accordance with GAAP.

“Interest” has the meaning set forth in Section 1.2.

“Maker” has the meaning set forth on page 1 of this Note.

“Maturity Date” is the maturity date set forth at the beginning of this Note.

“Note” has the meaning set forth on page 1 of this Note.

“Notice of Change of Control” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.5(c).

“Notice of Conversion” has the meaning contained set forth in Section 3.1(a).

“Outstanding Balance” means the Principal Amount, as reduced or increased, as the case may be, pursuant to the terms of this Note for conversion, or otherwise, plus any accrued but unpaid Interest, collection and enforcements costs, and any other fees or charges incurred under this Note.

“Permitted Indebtedness means (a) the Note, (b) the Company’s presently existing Indebtedness (including committed lease facilities), (c) purchase money Indebtedness and capitalized leases (including in connection with equipment and real estate financings) incurred in the ordinary course of business not exceeding $100,000, in the aggregate, at any one time outstanding, (d) unsecured indebtedness incurred in the ordinary course of business not exceeding $100,000 in the aggregate, (e) trade accounts payable in the ordinary course of business, and (f) payment of deferred purchase price for acquisitions.

“Piggy-Back Registration” has the meaning set forth in the Purchase Agreement.

“Principal Amount” has the meaning set forth on page 1 of this Note.

“Purchase Agreement” means the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of April ___, 2024, among the Company, the Holder and the other Purchasers, as the same may be amended from time to time.

“Qualified Financing” means any debt or equity financing of the Company or any subsidiary or Affiliate generating, in a single transaction or a series of related transactions, gross proceeds of not less than $1,000,000.00, including, without limitation, any borrowing of money, including bank or financial institution indebtedness, or public or private offering of debt securities, Common Stock, options to purchase Common Stock or other derivative securities convertible into or exercisable for Common Stock, but excluding Exempt Issuances.

“Required Minimum” has the meaning contained in Section 3.2(h).

“SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or the successor thereto.

“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder.

“Share Delivery Date” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.2(a).

“Standard Settlement Period” means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company’s primary Trading Market with respect to the Common Stock as in effect on the date of delivery of the Notice of Conversion.

“Successor Entity” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.5(a).

“Trading Day” means a day on which the Common Stock is traded on a Trading Market for at least 4.5 hours.

“Trading Market” has the meaning set forth in the Purchase Agreement.

“Transaction Documents” has the meaning set forth in the Purchase Agreement.

“Transfer Agent” has the meaning set forth in the Purchase Agreement.

[Signature Page Follows]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Maker has caused this Note to be duly executed by its duly authorized officer as of the date first above indicated.

Signature Page to Trio Petroleum Corp. Note

Exhibit 10.1

SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT

This Securities Purchase Agreement (this “Agreement”) is dated as of April 16, 2024, between Trio Petroleum Corporation., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and the purchaser identified on the signature pages hereto (the “Purchaser”).

WHEREAS, the Company and the Purchaser are executing and delivering this Agreement in reliance upon an exemption from securities registration afforded by the provisions of Section 4(a)(2) or Section 4(a)(6) of the Securities Act (as defined below), and/or Regulation D promulgated thereunder.

WHEREAS, the parties desire that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions contained herein, the Company shall issue and sell to the Purchaser, as provided herein, and the Purchaser shall purchase Four Hundred Thousand Dollars and Zero Cents ($400,000.00) of principal amount of a convertible promissory note of the Company (the “Note”) for an aggregate purchase price of Three Hundred Sixty Thousand Dollars and Zero Cents ($360,000.00) (the “Purchase Price”), which Note is convertible into shares (“Conversion Shares”) of the Company’s Common Stock (as defined below) pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in the Note with an initial conversion price of $0.25 per share, the form of which is annexed hereto as Exhibit A, and in connection with the purchase of such Note, the Purchaser shall receive shares of Common Stock as an origination fee in connection with its purchase of the Note (the “Commitment Shares”) in an aggregate amount equal to 750,000 shares of Common Stock. The Note, the Conversion Shares, and the Commitment Shares are collectively referred to herein as the “Securities.”

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and the Purchaser agree as follows:

ARTICLE I. DEFINITIONS

1.1 Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement: (a) capitalized terms that are not otherwise defined herein have the meanings given to such terms in the Note (as defined herein), and (b) the following terms have the meanings set forth in this Section 1.1:

“Action” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(i).

“Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.

“Bloomberg” means Bloomberg LP.

“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.

“Business Day” means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in New York, NY are authorized or required by law to remain closed; provided, however, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized or required by law to remain closed due to “stay at home”, “shelter-in-place”, “non-essential employee” or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in New York, NY are generally are open for use by customers on such day.

“Closing” means the Trading Day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable parties thereto, and all conditions precedent to (i) the Purchaser’s obligations to pay the Subscription Amount and (ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Securities to be issued and sold, in each case, have been satisfied or waived, but in no event later than the second Trading Day following the date hereof.

“Common Stock” means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.0001 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.

“Common Stock Equivalents” means any securities of the Company which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.

“Conversion Price” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in the Note.

“Conversion Shares” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in the Recitals.

“Disclosure Schedules” means the schedules of exceptions to the representations and warranties of the Company set forth in Section 3.1.

“Disclosure Time” means, (i) if this Agreement is signed on a day that is not a Trading Day or after 9:00 a.m. (New York, N.Y. time) and before midnight (New York, N.Y. time) on any Trading Day, 9:01 a.m. (New York, N.Y. time) on the Trading Day immediately following the date hereof, and (ii) if this Agreement is signed between midnight (New York, N.Y. time) and 9:00 a.m. (New York, N.Y. time) on any Trading Day, no later than 9:01 a.m. (New York, N.Y. time) on the date hereof.

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

“Exempt Issuance” means the issuance of (a) shares of Common Stock or options not to exceed 20% of the shares of Common Stock outstanding at any given time to employees, officers or directors of the Company pursuant to any stock or option plan duly adopted for such purpose, by a majority of the Board of Directors or a majority of the members of a committee of non-employee directors established for such purpose for services rendered to the Company, (b) securities upon the exercise or exchange of or conversion of (i) any Securities issued hereunder, and/or (ii) other securities exercisable or exchangeable for or convertible into shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding on the date of this Agreement (without regard to any vesting requirements), provided that such securities have not been amended since the date of this Agreement to increase the number of such securities or to decrease the exercise price, exchange price or conversion price of such securities (other than in connection with stock splits or combinations or the contemplated holding company merger) or to extend the term of such securities, or (c) securities issued pursuant to acquisitions or strategic transactions approved by a majority of the disinterested directors of the Company, provided that such securities are issued as “restricted securities” (as defined in Rule 144), and provided that any such issuance shall only be to a Person (or to the equity holders of a Person) which is, itself or through its subsidiaries, an operating company or an owner of an asset in a business synergistic with the business of the Company and shall provide to the Company additional benefits in addition to the investment of funds, but shall not include a transaction in which the Company is issuing securities primarily for the purpose of raising capital or to an entity whose primary business is investing in securities.

“FCPA” means the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.

“GAAP” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(g).

“Governmental Authority” means the government of the United States, or any political subdivision thereof, whether state or local, and any agency, authority, instrumentality, regulatory body, court, central bank, or other entity exercising executive, legislative, judicial, taxing, regulatory, or administrative powers or functions of or pertaining to government.

“Indebtedness” means (i) any liabilities for borrowed money or amounts owed (other than trade accounts payable incurred in the ordinary course of business), (ii) all guaranties, endorsements and other contingent obligations in respect of indebtedness of others, whether or not the same are or should be reflected in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet (or the notes thereto), except guaranties by endorsement of negotiable instruments for deposit or collection or similar transactions in the ordinary course of business; (iii) all obligations or liabilities secured by a lien or encumbrance on any asset of the Company, irrespective of whether such obligation or liability is assumed and (iv) the present value of any lease payments due under leases required to be capitalized in accordance with GAAP.

“Intellectual Property Rights” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(n).

“Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions” means irrevocable instructions to the Transfer Agent that, among other things, reserves the Required Minimum for the benefit of the Purchaser and instructs the Transfer Agent to deliver on an expedited basis via The Depository Trust Company Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system the number of Conversion Shares to be issued to the Purchaser upon any conversion of the Purchaser’s Note in accordance with the terms thereof.

“Legend Removal Date” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.2(c).

“Liens” means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right or other restriction.

“Material Adverse Effect” shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section 3.1(a).

“Material Permits” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(l).

“Maximum Rate” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 5.17.

“Note” means the Convertible Promissory Note due, subject to the terms therein, 4 months from their date of issuance, issued by the Company to the Purchaser hereunder, in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto.

“Person” means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.

“Piggy-Back Registration” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.1(a).

“Principal Amount” means $400,000 in United States dollars.

“Principal Market” means the NYSE American.

“Public Information Failure” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.4(b).

“Public Information Failure Payments” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.4(b).

“Purchaser Party” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.9(a).

“Registrable Securities” means the Commitment Shares and the Conversion Shares. Registrable Securities also includes any capital shares or other securities of Company issued as a dividend, split or other distribution with respect to or in exchange for or in replacement of the foregoing securities or otherwise in connection with a combination of shares, distribution, recapitalization, merger, consolidation, other reorganization or other similar event with respect to the Common Stock (it being understood that, for purposes of this Agreement, a Person shall be deemed to be a holder of Registrable Securities whenever such Person has the right to then acquire or obtain from the Company any Registrable Securities, whether or not such acquisition has actually been effected). As to any particular Registrable Securities, such securities shall cease to be Registrable Securities when: (a) a Registration Statement with respect to the sale of such securities shall have become effective under the Securities Act and such securities shall have been sold, transferred, disposed of or exchanged in accordance with such Registration Statement; (b) such securities have been sold to, or through, a broker, dealer or underwriter in a public offering pursuant to the U.S. or applicable state blue-sky securities laws; (c) such securities have been sold without registration pursuant to Rule 144 of the Securities Act (“Rule 144”) or another exemption from registration; (d) all such securities are eligible for resale under Rule 144 or another exemption from registration during a 90-day period without volume or manner of sale restrictions; or (e) such securities shall have ceased to be outstanding.

“Registration Statement” means a registration statement filed by Company with the SEC in compliance with the Securities Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder for a public offering and sale of equity securities, or securities or other obligations exercisable or exchangeable for, or convertible into, equity securities (other than a registration statement on Form S-4 or Form S-8, or their successors, or any registration statement covering only securities proposed to be issued in exchange for securities or assets of another entity).

“Required Approvals” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(d).

“Required Minimum” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.10(a).

“Rule 424” means Rule 424 promulgated by the SEC pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the SEC having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.

“SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

“SEC Reports” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(g).

“Securities” means the Note, the Conversion Shares and the Commitment Shares.

“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

“Security Agreement” means the Security Agreement, dated April 16, 2024, among the Company and the Purchaser, in the Form of Exhibit B attached hereto.

“Short Sales” means all “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall not be deemed to include locating and/or borrowing shares of Common Stock).

“Subscription Amount” means $340,000 in United States dollars and in immediately available funds, which Subscription Amount shall be approximately 85% of the Principal Amount.

“Stockholder Approval” means such approval as may be required by the applicable rules and regulations of the NYSE American (or any successor entity) from the shareholders of the Company with respect to any matters or actions required to maintain compliance with the listing requirements of NYSE American including, without limitation, a reverse stock split of the Company’s Common Stock.

“Subsidiary” means any subsidiary of the Company as set forth on Schedule 3.1(a) and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed or acquired after the date hereof.

“Trading Day” means a day on which the principal Trading Market is open for trading.

“Trading Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the New York Stock Exchange, OTCQB or OTCQX (or any successors to any of the foregoing).

“Transaction Documents” means this Agreement, the Note, the Security Agreement and all exhibits and schedules thereto and hereto and any other documents or agreements executed in connection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.

“Transfer Agent” means VStock Transfer LLC and any successor transfer agent of the Company, as applicable.

“Underwritten Offering” means a registration in which securities of the Company are sold to an underwriter in a firm commitment underwriting for distribution to the public.

“Variable Rate Transaction” means a transaction in which the Company (i) issues or sells any debt or equity securities that are convertible into, exchangeable or exercisable for, or include the right to receive, additional shares of Common Stock either (A) at a conversion price, exercise price or exchange rate or other price that is based upon, and/or varies with, the trading prices of or quotations for the shares of Common Stock at any time after the initial issuance of such debt or equity securities or (B) with a conversion, exercise or exchange price that is subject to being reset at some future date after the initial issuance of such debt or equity security or upon the occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly related to the business of the Company or the market for the Common Stock or (ii) enters into, or effects a transaction under, any agreement whereby the Company may issue securities at a future determined price.

ARTICLE II.

PURCHASE AND SALE

2.1 Closing.

(a) Closing. At the Closing, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, substantially concurrent with the execution and delivery of this Agreement by the parties hereto and the other Transaction Documents required to be delivered as provided in Section 2.2 hereafter, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchaser agrees to purchase, a Note in the Principal amount of $400,000.00. The Purchaser shall deliver to the Company, via wire transfer, immediately available funds equal to $340,000, and the Company shall deliver to the Purchaser the Note, as determined pursuant to Section 2.2(a), and the Company and the Purchaser shall deliver the other items set forth in Section 2.2 deliverable at the Closing. Within two Trading Days of the satisfaction of the covenants and conditions set forth in Sections 2.2 and 2.3, the Closing shall occur electronically via email.

(b) The Company shall also deliver to the Purchaser, in connection with its purchase of the Note described in Section 2.1(a), an aggregate of 750,000 Commitment Shares, in consideration for its providing financing to the Company.

2.2 Deliveries.

(a) On or prior to the Closing, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Purchaser the following:

(i) this Agreement duly executed by the Company;

(ii) a Note registered in the name of the Purchaser in the Principal Amount of $400,000;

(iii) the Commitment Shares registered in the name of the Purchaser;

(iv) Reserved;

(v) the Company shall have provided the Purchaser with the Company’s wire instructions, on Company letterhead and executed by the Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer;

(vi) Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions, signed by the Company and the Transfer Agent, for the Purchaser with respect to (x) the Commitment Shares and (ii) the Conversion Shares to be issued to the Purchaser upon any conversion the Purchaser’s Note;

(vii) an officer’s certificate certifying that the representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement are true and correct as of the Closing as though originally made at that time (except for representations and warranties that speak as of a specific date, which shall be true and correct as of such specific date) and the Company shall have performed, satisfied, and complied in all material respects with the covenants, agreements and conditions required to be performed, satisfied or complied with by the Company at or prior to the Closing and no Event of Default has occurred;

(viii) a certificate evidencing the formation and good standing of the Company in such entity’s jurisdiction of formation issued by the Secretary of State (or comparable office) of such jurisdiction of formation as of a date within 10 days of the Closing;

(ix) a certified copy of the Certificate of Incorporation (or such equivalent organizational document) of the Company, dated within 10 days of the Closing;

(x) an officer’s certificate, in the form reasonably acceptable to the Purchaser, executed by an officer of the Company and dated as of the Closing, as to (i) the resolutions adopted by the Company’s board of directors authorizing the transactions contemplated hereby in a form reasonably acceptable to the Purchaser, and (ii) the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company as in effect at the Closing;

(xi) a letter from the Transfer Agent certifying the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the Closing;

(xii) a flow of funds memorandum in form and substance mutually agreed to by the Company and the Purchaser (a “Flow of Funds Memorandum”) duly executed by the Company; and

(xiii) such other documents, instruments, or certificates relating to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement as the Purchaser or its counsel may reasonably request.

(b) On or prior to the Closing, the Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company, the following:

(i) this Agreement duly executed by the Purchaser;

(ii) the Purchaser’s Subscription Amount by wire transfer to the account specified in writing by the Company; and

(iii) a Flow of Funds Memorandum duly executed by the Purchaser.

2.3 Closing Conditions.

(a) The obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:

(i) the accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect, in all respects) on the Closing of the representations and warranties of the Purchaser contained herein (unless as of a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such date);

(ii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to the Closing shall have been performed in all material respects; and

(iii) the delivery by the Purchaser of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) of this Agreement.

(b) The respective obligations of the Purchaser hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:

(i) the accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect, in all respects) when made and on the Closing of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein (unless as of a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such date);

(ii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to the Closing shall have been performed in all material respects; the delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) of this Agreement.

(iii) The Company shall have delivered to the Transfer Agent separate Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions, signed by the Company and the Transfer Agent, for the Purchaser with respect to the Commitment Shares;

(iv) there shall have been no Material Adverse Effect with respect to the Company since the date hereof;

(v) from the date hereof to the Closing, as applicable, trading in the Common Stock shall not have been suspended by the SEC or the Company’s principal Trading Market and, at any time prior to the Closing, trading in securities generally as reported by Bloomberg shall not have been suspended or limited, or minimum prices shall not have been established on securities whose trades are reported by such service, or on any Trading Market, nor shall a banking moratorium have been declared either by the United States or New York State authorities nor shall there have occurred any material outbreak or escalation of hostilities or other national or international calamity of such magnitude in its effect on, or any material adverse change in, any financial market which, in each case, in the reasonable judgment of the Purchaser, makes it impracticable or inadvisable to purchase the Securities on the Closing; and

(vi) no statute, rule, regulation, executive order, decree, ruling, or injunction shall have been enacted, entered, promulgated, or endorsed by any court or governmental entity of competent jurisdiction that prohibits the consummation of any of the transactions contemplated hereby.

ARTICLE III.

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

3.1 Representations and Warranties of the Company. Except as set forth in the Disclosure Schedules, which Disclosure Schedules shall be deemed a part hereof and shall qualify any representation otherwise made herein to the extent of the disclosure contained in the corresponding section of the Disclosure Schedules, the Company hereby makes the following representations and warranties to the Purchaser which representations shall be true and correct on the Closing:

(a) Organization and Qualification. The Company is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, with the requisite power and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. The Company is not in violation or default of any of the provisions of its certificate of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents. The Company is duly qualified to conduct business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation or other entity in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted or property owned by it makes such qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, as the case may be, could not have or reasonably be expected to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of any Transaction Document, (ii) a material adverse effect on the results of operations, assets, business, prospects or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Company, or (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to perform in any material respect on a timely basis its obligations under any Transaction Document (any of (i), (ii) or (iii), a “Material Adverse Effect”) and no Action has been instituted in any such jurisdiction revoking, limiting or curtailing or seeking to revoke, limit or curtail such power and authority or qualification.

(b) Authorization; Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directors, or the Company’s stockholders in connection herewith or therewith other than in connection with the Required Approvals. This Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which it is a party has been (or upon delivery will have been) duly executed by the Company, assuming due authorization by the other parties thereto, and, when delivered in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof, will constitute the valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies, and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.

(c) No Conflicts. The execution, delivery, and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party, the issuance and sale of the Securities and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby do not and will not (i) conflict with or violate any provision of the Company’s certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents, or (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, result in the creation of any Lien upon any of the properties or assets of the Company, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, anti-dilution or similar adjustments, acceleration or cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) of, any agreement, credit facility, debt or other instrument (evidencing a Company debt or otherwise) or other understanding to which the Company is a party or by which any property or asset of the Company is bound or affected, or (iii) subject to the Required Approvals, conflict with or result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree or other restriction of any court or governmental authority to which the Company is subject (including federal and state securities laws and regulations), or by which any property or asset of the Company is bound or affected; except in the case of each of clauses (ii) and (iii), such as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(d) Filings, Consents and Approvals. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents, other than: (i) any filings required pursuant to this Agreement, and (ii) the filing of Form D with the SEC and such filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws, (collectively, the “Required Approvals”).

(e) Issuance of the Securities. The Securities are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance with the applicable Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid, and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company other than restrictions on transfer provided for in the Transaction Documents or by law. The Conversion Shares, when issued in accordance with the terms of the Transaction Documents, will be validly issued, fully paid, and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company other than restrictions on transfer provided for in the Transaction Documents or by law. The Company has reserved from its duly authorized capital stock a number of shares of Common Stock for issuance of the Conversion Shares at least equal to the Required Minimum on the Closing.

(f) Capitalization. The capitalization of the Company as of the date hereof is as set forth on Schedule 3.1(f), which Schedule 3.1(f) shall also include the number of shares of Common Stock owned beneficially, and of record, by Affiliates of the Company as of the date hereof. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(f), the Company has not issued any capital stock since its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act, other than pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options under the Company’s stock option plans, the issuance of shares of Common Stock to employees pursuant to the Company’s employee stock purchase plans and pursuant to the conversion and/or exercise of Common Stock Equivalents outstanding as of the date of the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act. Except as has been waived, in writing, no Person has any right of first refusal, preemptive right, right of participation, or any similar right to participate in the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Except as a result of the purchase and sale of the Securities or as set forth on Schedule 3.1(f), there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities, rights or obligations convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or giving any Person any right to subscribe for or acquire, any shares of Common Stock, or contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company is or may become bound to issue additional shares of Common Stock. The issuance and sale of the Securities will not obligate the Company to issue shares of Common Stock or other securities to any Person (other than the Purchaser). Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(f), there are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company with any provision that adjusts the exercise, conversion, exchange or reset price of such security or instrument upon an issuance of securities by the Company. There are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company that contain any redemption or similar provisions, and there are no contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company is or may become bound to redeem a security of the Company. The Company does not have any stock appreciation rights or “phantom stock” plans or agreements or any similar plan or agreement. All of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, have been issued in compliance with all federal and state securities laws, and none of such outstanding shares was issued in violation of any preemptive rights or similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. No approval or authorization of any stockholder, the Board of Directors or others is required for the issuance and sale of the Securities. There are no stockholders agreements, voting agreements, or other similar agreements with respect to the Company’s capital stock to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company’s stockholders other than as disclosed in Schedule 3.1(f).

(g) SEC Reports; Financial Statements. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements, and other documents required to be filed by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof since January 1, 2023 (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”) on a timely basis or has received or obtained a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Reports prior to the expiration of any such extension. As of their respective dates, the SEC Reports complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and none of the SEC Reports, when filed, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The financial statements of the Company included in the SEC Reports comply in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the rules and regulations of the SEC with respect thereto as in effect at the time of filing. Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (“GAAP”), except as may be otherwise specified in such financial statements or the notes thereto and except that unaudited financial statements may not contain all footnotes required by GAAP, and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries as of and for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods then ended, subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal, immaterial, year-end audit adjustments.

(h) Material Changes; Undisclosed Events, Liabilities or Developments. Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(h), (i) there has been no event, occurrence or development that has had or that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (ii) the Company has not incurred any liabilities (contingent or otherwise) other than (A) trade payables and accrued expenses incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and (B) liabilities not required to be reflected in the Company’s financial statements pursuant to GAAP or disclosed in filings made with the SEC, (iii) the Company has not altered its method of accounting, (iv) the Company has not declared or made any dividend or distribution of cash or other property to its stockholders or purchased, redeemed or made any agreements to purchase or redeem any shares of its capital stock, and (v) the Company has not issued any equity securities to any officer, director, or Affiliate, except pursuant to existing Company stock option plans. The Company does not have pending before the SEC any request for confidential treatment of information. Except for the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents or as set forth on Schedule 3.1(h), no event, liability, fact, circumstance, occurrence, or development has occurred or exists or is reasonably expected to occur or exist with respect to the Company or its Subsidiaries or their respective businesses, prospects, properties, operations, assets, or financial condition, that would be required to be disclosed by the Company under applicable securities laws at the time this representation is made or deemed made that has not been publicly disclosed at least 1 Trading Day prior to the date that this representation is made.

(i) Litigation. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, there is no action, suit, inquiry, notice of violation, proceeding or investigation pending or threatened against or affecting the Company or any of its properties before or by any court, arbitrator, governmental or administrative agency or regulatory authority (federal, state, county, local or foreign) (any, an “Action”) that could be reasonably expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. If there are any Actions set forth in the SEC Reports, none of them (i) adversely affects or challenges the legality, validity or enforceability of any of the Transaction Documents or the Securities or (ii) could, if there were an unfavorable decision, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company, nor any director or officer thereof, is or has been the subject of any Action involving a claim of violation of or liability under federal or state securities laws or a claim of breach of fiduciary duty. There has not been, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is not pending or contemplated, any investigation by the SEC involving the Company or any current or former director or officer of the Company. The SEC has not issued any stop order or other order suspending the effectiveness of any registration statement filed by the Company under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act.

(j) Labor Relations. No labor dispute exists or is imminent with respect to any of the employees of the Company, which could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. None of the Company’s employees is a member of a union that relates to such employee’s relationship with the Company, the Company is not a party to a collective bargaining agreement, and the Company believes that its relationship with its employees are good. To the knowledge of the Company, no executive officer of the Company, is, or is now expected to be, in violation of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure, or proprietary information agreement or non-competition agreement, or any other contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant in favor of any third party, and the continued employment of each such executive officer does not subject the Company to any liability with respect to any of the foregoing matters. The Company is in compliance with all U.S. federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations relating to employment and employment practices, terms and conditions of employment and wages and hours, except where the failure to be in compliance could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(k) Compliance. The Company: (i) is not in default under or in violation of (and no event has occurred that has not been waived that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would result in a default by the Company under), nor has the Company received notice of a claim that it is in default under or that it is in violation of, any indenture, loan or credit agreement or any other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties is bound (whether or not such default or violation has been waived), (ii) is in violation of any judgment, decree or order of any court, arbitrator or other governmental authority, or (iii) is or has been in violation of any statute, rule, ordinance or regulation of any governmental authority, including without limitation all foreign, federal, state and local laws relating to taxes, environmental protection, occupational health and safety, product quality and safety and employment and labor matters, except in each case as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(l) Regulatory Permits. The Company and its Subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports, except where the failure to possess such permits could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect (“Material Permits”), and the Company has not received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any Material Permit.

(m) Title to Assets. The Company has good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property owned by it and good and marketable title in all personal property owned by it that is material to the business of the Company, in each case, except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(m), free and clear of all Liens, except for (i) Liens as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and (ii) Liens for the payment of federal, state or other taxes, for which appropriate reserves have been made therefor in accordance with GAAP and the payment of which is neither delinquent nor subject to penalties. Any real property and facilities held under lease by the Company are held by it under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with which the Company is in compliance.

(n) Intellectual Property. The Company has, or has rights to use, all patents, patent applications, trademarks, trademark applications, service marks, trade names, trade secrets, inventions, copyrights, licenses and other intellectual property rights and similar rights necessary or required for use in connection with its business as described in the SEC Reports and which the failure to so have could have a Material Adverse Effect (collectively, the “Intellectual Property Rights”). The Company has not received a notice (written or otherwise) that any of the Intellectual Property Rights have expired, terminated or been abandoned, or are expected to expire or terminate or be abandoned, within two years from the date of this Agreement. The Company has not received, since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, a written notice of a claim or otherwise has any knowledge that the Intellectual Property Rights violate or infringe upon the rights of any Person, except as could not have or reasonably be expected to not have a Material Adverse Effect. To the knowledge of the Company, all such Intellectual Property Rights are enforceable and there is no existing infringement by another Person of any of the Intellectual Property Rights. The Company has taken reasonable security measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality, and value of all of its intellectual property, except where failure to do so could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(o) Transactions with Affiliates and Employees. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, none of the officers or directors of the Company and, to the knowledge of the Company, none of the employees of the Company is presently a party to any transaction with the Company (other than for services as employees, officers and directors), including any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal property to or from, providing for the borrowing of money from or lending of money to, or otherwise requiring payments to or from any officer, director or such employee or, to the knowledge of the Company, any entity in which any officer, director, or any such employee has a substantial interest or is an officer, director, trustee, stockholder, member or partner, in each case in excess of $120,000 other than for (i) payment of salary or consulting fees for services rendered, (ii) reimbursement for expenses incurred on behalf of the Company and (iii) other employee benefits, including stock option agreements under any stock option plan of the Company.

(q) Certain Fees. No brokerage or finder’s fees or commissions are or will be payable by the Company or any Subsidiaries to any broker, financial advisor or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment banker, bank, or other Person with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.

(r) Private Placement. Assuming the accuracy of the Purchaser’s representations and warranties set forth in Section 3.2, no registration under the Securities Act is required for the offer and sale of the Securities by the Company to the Purchaser as contemplated hereby. The issuance and sale of the Securities hereunder does not contravene the rules and regulations of the Trading Market.

(s) Investment Company. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Securities, will not be or be an Affiliate of, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. The Company shall conduct its business in a manner so that it will not become an “investment company” subject to registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

(t) Registration Rights. Other than the Purchaser and except as set forth in the SEC Reports, no Person has any right to cause the Company to effect the registration under the Securities Act of any securities of the Company.

(u) Listing and Maintenance Requirements. The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange Act, and the Company has taken no action designed to, or which to its knowledge is likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act nor has the Company received any notification that the SEC is contemplating terminating such registration. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(u), the Company has not, in the 12 months preceding the date hereof, received notice from any Trading Market on which the Common Stock is or has been listed or quoted to the effect that the Company is not in compliance with the listing or maintenance requirements of such Trading Market. The Common Stock is currently eligible for electronic transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation and the Company is current in all material respects in the payment of the fees to the Depository Trust Company (or such other established clearing corporation) in connection with such electronic transfer.

(v) No Integrated Offering. Assuming the accuracy of the Purchaser’s representations and warranties set forth in Section 3.2, neither the Company, nor any of its Affiliates, nor any Person acting on its or their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made any offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would cause this offering of the Securities to be integrated with prior offerings by the Company for purposes of (i) the Securities Act which would require the registration of any such securities under the Securities Act, or (ii) any applicable stockholder approval provisions of any Trading Market on which any of the securities of the Company are listed or designated.

(w) Solvency. Based on the consolidated financial condition of the Company as of the Closing, after giving effect to the receipt by the Company of the proceeds from the sale of the Securities hereunder, (i) the fair saleable value of the Company’s assets exceeds the amount that will be required to be paid on or in respect of the Company’s existing debts and other liabilities (including known contingent liabilities) as they mature, (ii) the Company’s assets do not constitute unreasonably small capital to carry on its business as now conducted and as proposed to be conducted including its capital needs taking into account the particular capital requirements of the business conducted by the Company, consolidated and projected capital requirements and capital availability thereof, and (iii) the current cash flow of the Company, together with the proceeds the Company would receive, were it to liquidate all of its assets, after taking into account all anticipated uses of the cash, would be sufficient to pay all amounts on or in respect of its liabilities when such amounts are required to be paid. The Company does not intend to incur debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature (taking into account the timing and amounts of cash to be payable on or in respect of its debt). The Company has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances which lead it to believe that it will file for reorganization or liquidation under the bankruptcy or reorganization laws of any jurisdiction within one year from each Closing. Schedule 3.1(w) sets forth as of the date hereof all outstanding secured and unsecured Indebtedness of the Company, or for which the Company has commitments. For the purposes of this Agreement,

(x) No Materially Adverse Contracts, Etc. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is subject to any charter, corporate or other legal restriction, or any judgment, decree, order, rule or regulation which in the judgment of the Company’s officers has or is expected in the future to have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to any contract or agreement which in the judgment of the Company’s officers has or is expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(y) Tax Status. Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its Subsidiaries each (i) has made or filed all United States federal, state and local income and all foreign income and franchise tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject, (ii) has paid all taxes and other governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined to be due on such returns, reports and declarations and (iii) has set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate for the payment of all material taxes for periods subsequent to the periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply. There are no unpaid taxes in any material amount claimed to be due by the taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company or of any Subsidiary know of no basis for any such claim.

(z) No General Solicitation. Neither the Company nor any Person acting on behalf of the Company has offered or sold any of the Securities by any form of general solicitation or general advertising. The Company has offered the Securities for sale only to the Purchaser and certain other “accredited investors” within the meaning of Rule 501 under the Securities Act.

(aa) Foreign Corrupt Practices. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, any agent or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary, has (i) directly or indirectly, used any funds for unlawful contributions, gifts, entertainment or other unlawful expenses related to foreign or domestic political activity, (ii) made any unlawful payment to foreign or domestic government officials or employees or to any foreign or domestic political parties or campaigns from corporate funds, (iii) failed to disclose fully any contribution made by the Company or any Subsidiary (or made by any person acting on its behalf of which the Company is aware) which is in violation of law, or (iv) violated in any material respect any provision of FCPA.

(bb) Accountants. The Company’s accounting firm is set forth in the SEC Reports and such accounting firm (i) is a registered public accounting firm as required by the Exchange Act and (ii) shall express its opinion with respect to the financial statements to be included in the Company’s Annual Report for the fiscal year ending October 31, 2024.

(cc) Acknowledgment Regarding Purchaser’s Purchase of Securities. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Purchaser is acting solely in the capacity of an arm’s length purchaser with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby. The Company further acknowledges that no Purchaser is acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary of the Company (or in any similar capacity) with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby and any advice given by the Purchaser or any of its representatives or agents in connection with the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby is merely incidental to the Purchaser’s purchase of the Securities. The Company further represents to the Purchaser that the Company’s decision to enter into this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents has been based solely on the independent evaluation of the transactions contemplated hereby by the Company and its representatives.

(dd) Acknowledgment Regarding Purchaser’s Trading Activity. Anything in this Agreement or elsewhere herein to the contrary notwithstanding (except for Section 4.15 hereof), it is understood and acknowledged by the Company that: (i) the Purchaser has not been asked by the Company to agree, nor has the Purchaser agreed, to desist from purchasing or selling, long and/or short, securities of the Company, or “derivative” securities based on securities issued by the Company or to hold the Securities for any specified term, (ii) past or future open market or other transactions by the Purchaser, specifically including, without limitation, Short Sales or “derivative” transactions, before or after the closing of this or future private placement transactions, may negatively impact the market price of the Company’s publicly-traded securities, (iii) the Purchaser, and counter-parties in “derivative” transactions to which any the Purchaser is a party, directly or indirectly, presently may have a “short” position in the Common Stock, and (iv) the Purchaser shall not be deemed to have any affiliation with or control over any arm’s length counter-party in any “derivative” transaction. The Company further understands and acknowledges that (y) the Purchaser may engage in hedging activities at various times during the period that the Securities are outstanding, including, without limitation, during the periods that the value of the Conversion Shares deliverable with respect to Securities are being determined, and (z) such hedging activities (if any) could reduce the value of the existing stockholders’ equity interests in the Company at and after the time that the hedging activities are being conducted. The Company acknowledges that such aforementioned hedging activities do not constitute a breach of any of the Transaction Documents.

(ee) Regulation M Compliance. The Company has not, and to its knowledge no one acting on its behalf has, (i) taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to cause or to result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of any of the Securities, (ii) sold, bid for, purchased, or paid any compensation for soliciting purchases of, any of the Securities, or (iii) paid or agreed to pay to any Person any compensation for soliciting another to purchase any other securities of the Company.

(ff) Office of Foreign Assets Control. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate of the Company or any Subsidiary is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (“OFAC”).

(gg) U.S. Real Property Holding Corporation. The Company is not and has never been a U.S. real property holding corporation within the meaning of Section 897 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Company shall so certify upon Purchaser’s request.

(hh) Bank Holding Company Act. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates is subject to the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHCA”) and to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”). Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates owns or controls, directly or indirectly, five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding shares of any class of voting securities or twenty-five percent or more of the total equity of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates exercises a controlling influence over the management or policies of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve.

(ii) Money Laundering. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial record-keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, applicable money laundering statutes and applicable rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”), and no Action by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened.

(jj) No Disqualification Events. With respect to the Securities to be offered and sold hereunder in reliance on Rule 506 under the Securities Act, none of the Company, nor to the knowledge of the Company after due inquiry, any of the Company’s predecessors, affiliated issuers, directors, executive officers, other officers of the Company participating in the offering hereunder, any beneficial owner of 20% or more of the Company’s outstanding voting equity securities, calculated on the basis of voting power, nor any promoter (as that term is defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) connected with the Company in any capacity at the time of sale (each, an “Issuer Covered Person” and, together, “Issuer Covered Persons”) is subject to any of the “Bad Actor” disqualifications described in Rule 506(d)(1)(i) to (viii) under the Securities Act (a “Disqualification Event”), except for a Disqualification Event covered by Rule 506(d)(2) or (d)(3). The Company has exercised reasonable care to determine whether any Issuer Covered Person is subject to a Disqualification Event. The Company has complied, to the extent applicable, with its disclosure obligations under Rule 506(e), and has furnished to the Purchaser a copy of any disclosures provided thereunder.

(kk) Other Covered Persons. The Company is not aware of any person (other than any Issuer Covered Person) that has been or will be paid (directly or indirectly) remuneration for solicitation of purchasers in connection with the sale of any Securities.

(ll) Notice of Disqualification Events. The Company will notify the Purchaser in writing, prior to the Closing of (i) any Disqualification Event relating to any Issuer Covered Person and (ii) any event that would, with the passage of time, become a Disqualification Event relating to any Issuer Covered Person.

3.2 Representations and Warranties of the Purchaser. The Purchaser hereby represents and warrants as of the date hereof and as of the Closing to the Company as follows (unless as of a specific date therein, in which case they shall be accurate as of such date):

(a) Organization; Authority. The Purchaser is either an individual or an entity duly incorporated or formed, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or formation with full right, corporate, partnership, limited liability company or similar power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents and performance by the Purchaser of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate, partnership, limited liability company or similar action, as applicable, on the part of the Purchaser. Each Transaction Document to which it is a party has been duly executed by the Purchaser, and when delivered by the Purchaser in accordance with the terms hereof, will constitute the valid and legally binding obligation of the Purchaser, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies, and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.

(b) Own Account. The Purchaser understands that the Securities are “restricted securities” and have not been registered under the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law and is acquiring the Securities as principal for its own account and not with a view to or for distributing or reselling such Securities or any part thereof in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law, has no present intention of distributing any of such Securities in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law and has no direct or indirect arrangement or understandings with any other persons to distribute or regarding the distribution of such Securities in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law (this representation and warranty not limiting the Purchaser’s right to sell the Securities pursuant to the Registration Statement or otherwise in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws). The Purchaser is acquiring the Securities hereunder in the ordinary course of its business.

(c) Purchaser Status. At the time the Purchaser was offered the Securities, it was, and as of the date hereof it is, and on each date on which it converts its Note it will be either: (i) an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501(a)(1), (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(7), (a)(8), (a)(9), (a)(12), or (a)(13) under the Securities Act or (ii) a “qualified institutional buyer” as defined in Rule 144A(a) under the Securities Act.

(d) Experience of the Purchaser. The Purchaser, either alone or together with its representatives, has such knowledge, sophistication, and experience in business and financial matters so as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the prospective investment in the Securities, and has so evaluated the merits and risks of such investment. The Purchaser is able to bear the economic risk of an investment in the Securities and, at the present time, is able to afford a complete loss of such investment.

(e) General Solicitation. The Purchaser is not purchasing the Securities as a result of any advertisement, article, notice or other communication regarding the Securities published in any newspaper, magazine or similar media or broadcast over television or radio or presented at any seminar or any other general solicitation or general advertisement.

(f) Access to Information. The Purchaser acknowledges that it has had the opportunity to review the Transaction Documents (including all exhibits and schedules thereto) and the SEC Reports and has been afforded (i) the opportunity to ask such questions as it has deemed necessary of, and to receive answers from, representatives of the Company concerning the terms and conditions of the offering of the Securities and the merits and risks of investing in the Securities; (ii) access to information about the Company and its financial condition, results of operations, business, properties, management and prospects sufficient to enable it to evaluate its investment; and (iii) the opportunity to obtain such additional information that the Company possesses or can acquire without unreasonable effort or expense that is necessary to make an informed investment decision with respect to the investment.

The Company acknowledges and agrees that the representations contained in this Section 3.2 shall not modify, amend, or affect the Purchaser’s right to rely on the Company’s representations and warranties contained in this Agreement or any representations and warranties contained in any other Transaction Document or any other document or instrument executed and/or delivered in connection with this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.

ARTICLE IV.

REGISTRATION RIGHTS; OTHER AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES

4.1 Piggy-Back Registration Rights.

(a) Piggy-Back Registration Rights. If at any time after the Closing and for as long as the Purchaser continues to hold any Registrable Securities, the Company proposes to file a Registration Statement under the Securities Act with respect to the registration for an offering of equity securities, or securities or other obligations exercisable or exchangeable for, or convertible into, equity securities, by Company for its own account or for security holders of Company for their account (or by Company and by security holders of Company), other than a Registration Statement: (i) filed in connection with any employee share option or other benefit plan, (ii) for an exchange offer or offering of securities solely to Company’s existing security holders; (iii) for an offering of debt that is convertible into equity securities of Company, or (iv) for a dividend reinvestment plan, then Company shall (x) give written notice of such proposed filing to the Purchaser as soon as practicable but in no event less than ten (10) days before the anticipated filing date or confidential submission date, which notice shall describe the amount and type of securities to be included in such registration or offering, the intended method(s) of distribution, and the name of the proposed managing underwriter or underwriters, if any, of the offering, and (y) offer to the Purchaser in such notice the opportunity to register the sale of such number of Registrable Securities as the Purchaser may request in writing within five (5) days following receipt of such notice (a “Piggy-Back Registration”). To the extent permitted by applicable securities laws with respect to such registration by Company, Company shall use its best efforts to cause (i) such Registrable Securities to be included in such registration and (ii) the managing underwriter or underwriters of a proposed Underwritten Offering to permit the Registrable Securities requested to be included in a Piggy-Back Registration on the same terms and conditions as any similar securities of Company and to permit the sale or other disposition of such Registrable Securities in accordance with the intended method(s) of distribution thereof. If the Purchaser’s inclusion of Registrable Securities in a Registration Statement, pursuant to a Piggy-Back Registration, involves an underwriter or underwriters in an underwritten offering, the Purchaser shall enter into an underwriting agreement in customary form with such underwriter or underwriters selected for such Piggy-Back Registration.

(b) Reduction of Offering. If the managing underwriter or underwriters for a Piggy-Back Registration that is to be an Underwritten Offering, in good faith, advises Company and the Purchaser in writing that the dollar amount or number of shares of Common Stock or other Company securities which Company desires to sell, taken together with the shares of Company Common Stock or other Company securities, if any, to which registration has been demanded pursuant to written contractual arrangements with Persons other than the Purchaser, and the shares of Common Stock or other Company securities, if any, as to which registration has been requested pursuant to the written contractual piggy-back registration rights of other security holders of Company, exceeds the maximum dollar amount or maximum number of shares that can be sold in such offering without adversely affecting the proposed offering price, the timing, the distribution method, or the probability of success of such offering (the “Maximum Number of Securities”), then the Company shall include in any such registration undertaken for its own account: (i) first, the shares of Company’s Common Stock or other securities that Company desires to sell that can be sold without exceeding the Maximum Number of Securities and (ii) second, to the extent that the Maximum Number of Securities has not been reached under the foregoing clause (i), the Registrable Securities of the Purchaser, as to which registration has been requested pursuant to this Section 4.1, and any other Persons exercising piggy-back registration rights with respect to the Company’s Common Stock or other equity securities which the Company is obligated to register pursuant to separate written contractual arrangements with such Persons (other than this Agreement), pro rata among such holders thereof based on the number of securities requested by such holders to be included in such registration, that can be sold without exceeding the Maximum Number of Securities. In the event that Company securities that are convertible into shares of Common Stock are included in the offering, the calculations under this Section 4.1(b) shall include such Company securities on an as-converted to Common Stock basis.

(c) Withdrawal. The Purchaser may elect to withdraw its request for inclusion of Registrable Securities in any Piggy-Back Registration by giving written notice to Company of such request to withdraw prior to the effectiveness of the Registration Statement. In connection with Section 4.1, Company (whether on its own determination or as the result of a withdrawal by Persons making a demand pursuant to written contractual obligations) may withdraw a Registration Statement at any time prior to the effectiveness of such Registration Statement without any liability to the Purchaser, subject to the next sentence and the provisions of this Agreement. Notwithstanding any such withdrawal, Company shall pay all expenses incurred in connection with such Piggy-Back Registration as provided in Section 4.1(d) (subject to the limitations set forth therein) by the Purchaser.

(d) Registration Expenses. Company shall bear all reasonable costs and expenses incurred in connection with any Piggy-Back Registration pursuant to Section 4.1, and all reasonable expenses incurred in performing or complying with its other obligations under Section 4.1 of this Agreement, whether or not the Registration Statement becomes effective, including: (i) all registrations and filing fees; (ii) fees and expenses of compliance with securities or “blue sky” laws (including fees and disbursements of counsel in connection with blue sky qualifications of the Registrable Securities); (iii) printing expenses; (iv) Company’s internal expenses (including all salaries and expenses of its officers and employees); (v) the fees and expenses incurred in connection with the listing of the Registrable Securities as required by Section 4.1(d)(ix); (vi) Financial Industry Regulatory Authority fee; (vii) fees and disbursements of counsel for Company and fees and expenses for independent certified public accountants retained by Company; (viii) the reasonable fees and expenses of any special experts retained by Company in connection with such registration; and (ix) the reasonable fees and expenses of one legal counsel selected by the Purchaser for such legal counsel’s review, comment and finalization of the proposed Registration Statement and other relevant documents. Company shall have no obligation to pay any underwriting discounts or selling commissions attributable to the Registrable Securities being sold by the holders thereof, which underwriting discounts or selling commissions shall be borne by such holders. Additionally, in an Underwritten Offering, only if the underwriters require the selling security holders and/or Company to bear the expenses of the underwriter following good faith negotiations, all selling security holders and Company shall bear the expenses of the underwriter pro rata in proportion to the respective amount of securities each is selling in such offering.

(e) Information. The Purchaser shall provide such information as may reasonably be requested by Company, or the managing underwriter, if any, in connection with the preparation of such Registration Statement, including amendments and supplements thereto, in order to effect the registration of any Registrable Securities under the Securities Act and in connection with the obligation to comply with federal and applicable state securities laws. The Purchaser must provide all questionnaires, powers of attorney, custody agreements, stock powers, and other documentation reasonably requested by Company or the managing underwriter, if any.

4.2 Transfer Restrictions.

(a) The Securities may only be disposed of in compliance with state and federal securities laws. In connection with any transfer of Securities other than pursuant to an effective registration statement or Rule 144, to the Company or to an Affiliate of the Purchaser or in connection with a pledge as contemplated in Section 4.2(b), the Company may require the transferor thereof to provide to the Company an opinion of counsel selected by the transferor and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the form and substance of which opinion shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Company, to the effect that such transfer does not require registration of such transferred Securities under the Securities Act. As a condition of transfer, any such transferee shall agree in writing to be bound by the terms of this Agreement and shall have the rights and obligations of the Purchaser under this Agreement.

(b) The Purchaser agrees to the imprinting, so long as is required by this Section 4.2, of a legend on any of the Securities in the following form:

[NEITHER] THIS SECURITY [NOR THE SECURITIES INTO WHICH THIS SECURITY IS CONVERTIBLE] HAS [NOT] BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE SECURITIES COMMISSION OF ANY STATE IN RELIANCE UPON AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “SECURITIES ACT”), AND, ACCORDINGLY, MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THIS SECURITY [AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON CONVERSION OF THIS SECURITY] MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT WITH A REGISTERED BROKER-DEALER OR OTHER LOAN WITH A FINANCIAL INSTITUTION THAT IS AN “ACCREDITED INVESTOR” AS DEFINED IN RULE 501(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR OTHER LOAN SECURED BY SUCH SECURITIES.

The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Purchaser may from time-to-time pledge pursuant to a bona fide margin agreement with a registered broker-dealer or grant a security interest in some or all of the Securities to a financial institution that is an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act and, if required under the terms of such arrangement, the Purchaser may transfer pledged or secured Securities to the pledgees or secured parties. Such a transfer would not be subject to approval of the Company and no legal opinion of legal counsel of the pledgee, secured party or pledgor shall be required in connection therewith. Further, no notice shall be required of such pledge. At the Purchaser’s expense, the Company will execute and deliver such reasonable documentation as a pledgee or secured party of Securities may reasonably request in connection with a pledge or transfer of the Securities, including, if the Securities are subject to registration pursuant to the registration rights contained in Section 4.1 hereof, the preparation and filing of any required prospectus supplement under Rule 424(b)(3) under the Securities Act or other applicable provision of the Securities Act to appropriately amend the list of selling stockholders thereunder.

(c) Certificates evidencing the Conversion Shares shall not contain any legend (including the legend set forth in Section 4.2(b) hereof): (i) while a resale registration statement covering the resale of such security is effective under the Securities Act, (ii) if such Conversion Shares are eligible to be sold, assigned, or transferred pursuant to Rule 144, when available, which, for the avoidance of doubt, shall be available only in the event that a resale registration statement covering the resale of Conversion Shares is not available) (provided that the Purchaser provides the Company with reasonable assurances that such Securities are eligible for sale, assignment or transfer under Rule 144 which shall not include an opinion of the Purchaser’s counsel), or (iii) if such legend is not required under applicable requirements of the Securities Act (including judicial interpretations and pronouncements issued by the staff of the SEC). For the avoidance of doubt the Company shall pay all costs associated with such opinions and counsel to the Company shall provide all opinions with respect to any resales pursuant to Rule 144 or otherwise at the sole cost of the Company, and the Company shall provide confirmation to the Transfer Agent that all such opinions are acceptable. If all or any portion of the Note is converted at a time when there is an effective resale registration statement to cover the resale of the Conversion Shares, or if such Conversion Shares may be sold under Rule 144 without the requirement for the Company to be in compliance with the current public information requirements of Rule 144(c) and without volume or manner of sale restrictions or if such legend is not otherwise required under applicable requirements of the Securities Act (including Sections 4(a)(1) or 4(a)(7), judicial interpretations and pronouncements issued by the staff of the SEC including what is known as Section 4(a)(1½)) then such Conversion Shares shall be issued free of all legends. For avoidance of doubt, the Company agrees that after the requisite holding period to comply with Rule 144, the legend may be removed under Rule 144 of the Securities Act, assuming the holder satisfies the requirements of Rule 144. The Company agrees that at such time as such legend is no longer required under this Section 4.2(c), it will, no later than the earlier of (i) two Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as defined below) following the delivery by the Purchaser to the Company or the Transfer Agent of a certificate (or stock power if issued in book entry form) representing Conversion Shares issued without a restrictive legend (such date, the “Legend Removal Date”), deliver or cause to be delivered to the Purchaser a certificate representing such shares that is free from all restrictive and other legends (or provide evidence of issuance in book entry form). The Company may not make any notation on its records or give instructions to the Transfer Agent that enlarge the restrictions on transfer set forth in this Section 4.2. Certificates for Conversion Shares subject to legend removal hereunder shall be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the Purchaser by crediting the account of the Purchaser’s prime broker with the Depository Trust Company System as directed by the Purchaser. As used herein, “Standard Settlement Period” means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company’s principal Trading Market with respect to the Common Stock as in effect on the date of delivery of a certificate representing Conversion Shares, as applicable, issued with a restrictive legend. Certificates for the Conversion Shares subject to legend removal hereunder shall be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the Purchaser by crediting the account of the Purchaser’s prime broker with the Depository Trust Company System as directed by the Purchaser.

(d) The Purchaser agrees with the Company that the Purchaser will sell any Securities pursuant to either the registration requirements of the Securities Act, including any applicable prospectus delivery requirements, or an exemption therefrom, and that if Securities are sold pursuant to a resale registration statement, they will be sold in compliance with the plan of distribution set forth therein, and acknowledges that the removal of the restrictive legend from certificates representing Securities as set forth in this Section 4.1 is predicated upon the Company’s reliance upon this understanding.

4.3 Acknowledgment of Dilution. The Company acknowledges that the issuance of the Securities may result in dilution of the outstanding shares of Common Stock, which dilution may be substantial under certain market conditions. The Company further acknowledges that its obligations under the Transaction Documents, including, without limitation, its obligation to issue the Conversion Shares pursuant to the Transaction Documents, are unconditional and absolute and not subject to any right of set off, counterclaim, delay or reduction, regardless of the effect of any such dilution or any claim the Company may have against the Purchaser and regardless of the dilutive effect that such issuance may have on the ownership of the other stockholders of the Company.

4.4 Furnishing of Information; Public Information.

(a) Until the earliest of the time that no Purchaser owns Securities, the Company covenants to maintain the registration of the Common Stock under Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange Act and to timely file (or obtain extensions in respect thereof and file within the applicable grace period) all reports required to be filed by the Company after the date hereof pursuant to the Exchange Act even if the Company is not then subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act.

(b) At any time during the period commencing from the six month anniversary of the date hereof, and ending at such time that all of the Securities may be sold without the requirement for the Company to be in compliance with Rule 144(c)(1) and otherwise without restriction or limitation pursuant to Rule 144, if the Company (i) shall fail for any reason to satisfy the current public information requirement under Rule 144(c) or (ii) has ever been an issuer described in Rule 144 (i)(1)(i) or becomes an issuer in the future, and the Company shall fail to satisfy any condition set forth in Rule 144(i)(2) (a “Public Information Failure”) then, in addition to the Purchaser’s other available remedies, the Company shall pay to the Purchaser, in cash, as partial liquidated damages and not as a penalty, by reason of any such delay in or reduction of its ability to sell the Securities, an amount in cash equal to one-half of one percent (.5%) of the aggregate Subscription Amount of the Purchaser’s Securities on the day of a Public Information Failure and on every 30th day (pro-rated for periods totaling less than 30 days) thereafter until the earlier of (a) the date such Public Information Failure is cured and (b) such time that such public information is no longer required for the Purchaser to transfer the Conversion Shares pursuant to Rule 144. The payments to which the Purchaser shall be entitled pursuant to this Section 4.3(b) are referred to herein as “Public Information Failure Payments.” Public Information Failure Payments shall be paid on the earlier of (i) the last day of the calendar month during which such Public Information Failure Payments are incurred and (ii) the third Business Day after the event or failure giving rise to the Public Information Failure Payments is cured. In the event the Company fails to make Public Information Failure Payments in a timely manner, such Public Information Failure Payments shall bear interest at the rate of one and one-half percent per month (prorated for partial months) until paid in full. Nothing herein shall limit the Purchaser’s right to pursue actual damages for the Public Information Failure, and the Purchaser shall have the right to pursue all remedies available to it at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief. The maximum aggregated total of all Public Information Failure Payments shall not exceed the aggregate Subscription Amount

4.5 Integration. The Company shall not sell, offer for sale or solicit offers to buy or otherwise negotiate in respect of any security (as defined in Section 2 of the Securities Act) that would be integrated with the offer or sale of the Securities in a manner that would require the registration under the Securities Act of the sale of the Securities or that would be integrated with the offer or sale of the Securities for purposes of the rules and regulations of any Trading Market such that it would require stockholder approval prior to the closing of such other transaction unless stockholder approval is obtained before the closing of such subsequent transaction.

4.6 Conversion Procedures. The form of Notice of Conversion included in the Note sets forth the totality of the procedures required of the Purchaser in order to convert the Note. Without limiting the preceding sentences, no ink-original Notice of Conversion shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Conversion form be required in order to convert the Note. No additional legal opinion, other information or instructions shall be required of the Purchaser to convert its Note. The Company shall honor conversions of the Note that are converted in accordance with the terms set forth in the Transaction Documents and shall deliver the Conversion Shares in accordance with the terms, conditions, and time periods set forth in the Transaction Documents.

4.7 Securities Laws Disclosure; Publicity. The Company shall (a) by the Disclosure Time, issue a press release disclosing the material terms of the transactions contemplated hereby, and (b) file a Current Report on Form 8-K, including the Transaction Documents as exhibits thereto, with the SEC within the time required by the Exchange Act. From and after the issuance of such press release, the Company shall have publicly disclosed all material, non-public information delivered to the Purchaser by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, employees, or agents in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. In addition, effective upon the issuance of such press release, the Company acknowledges and agrees that any and all confidentiality or similar obligations under any agreement, whether written or oral, between the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, agents, employees or Affiliates on the one hand, and the Purchaser or any of its Affiliates on the other hand, shall terminate. The Company and the Purchaser shall consult with each other in issuing any other press releases with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby, and neither the Company nor the Purchaser shall issue any such press release nor otherwise make any such public statement without the prior consent of the Company, with respect to any press release of the Purchaser, or without the prior consent of the Purchaser, with respect to any press release of the Company, which consent shall not unreasonably be withheld or delayed, except if such disclosure is required by law, in which case the disclosing party shall promptly provide the other party with prior notice of such public statement or communication. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not publicly disclose the name of the Purchaser, or include the name of the Purchaser in any filing with the SEC or any regulatory agency or Trading Market, without the prior written consent of the Purchaser, except (a) as required by federal securities law in connection with (i) any registration statement contemplated by Section 4.1 of this Agreement and (ii) the filing of final Transaction Documents with the SEC and (b) to the extent such disclosure is required by law or Trading Market regulations, in which case the Company shall provide the Purchaser with prior notice of such disclosure permitted under this clause (b).

4.8 Non-Public Information. Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, the Company covenants and agrees that neither it, nor any other Person acting on its behalf will provide the Purchaser or its agents or counsel with any information that constitutes, or the Company reasonably believes constitutes, material non-public information, unless prior thereto the Purchaser shall have consented in writing to the receipt of such information and agreed with the Company to keep such information confidential. The Company understands and confirms that the Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. To the extent that the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, director, agents, employees or Affiliates delivers any material, non-public information to the Purchaser without the Purchaser’s consent, the Company hereby covenants and agrees that the Purchaser shall not have any duty of confidentiality to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, agents, employees or Affiliates, or a duty to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, agents, employees or Affiliates not to trade on the basis of, such material, non-public information, provided that the Purchaser shall remain subject to applicable law. To the extent that any notice provided pursuant to any Transaction Document constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the SEC pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K. The Company understands and confirms that the Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company.

4.9 Indemnification of Purchaser.

(a) Subject to the provisions of this Section 4.9, the Company will indemnify and hold the Purchaser and its directors, officers, stockholders, members, partners, employees and agents (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title), each Person who controls the Purchaser (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act and Section 20 of the Exchange Act), and the directors, officers, stockholders, agents, members, partners or employees (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title) of such controlling persons (each, a “Purchaser Party”) harmless from any and all losses, liabilities, obligations, claims, contingencies, damages, costs and expenses, including all judgments, amounts paid in settlements, court costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs of investigation that any such Purchaser Party may suffer or incur as a result of or relating to (i) any breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by the Company in this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents, (ii) any cause of action, Action, proceeding or claim (any, a “Claim”) instituted by the Company or its Affiliates or representatives or agents against the Purchaser Parties in any capacity, or any of them or their respective Affiliates, with respect to any of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents (unless such action is solely based upon a material breach of such Purchaser Party’s representations, warranties or covenants under the Transaction Documents or any agreements or understandings such Purchaser Party may have with any such stockholder or any violations by such Purchaser Party of state or federal securities laws or any conduct by such Purchaser Party which is finally judicially determined to constitute fraud, gross negligence or willful misconduct) or (iii) unless directly resulting from the actions, negligence or willful misconduct of the Purchaser, any Claim brought or made against a Purchaser Party by a third party (including for these purposes a derivative action brought on behalf of the Company) or which otherwise involves such Purchaser Party that arises out of or results from (A) the execution, delivery, performance or enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents, (B) any transaction financed or to be financed in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, with the proceeds of the issuance of the Securities, or (C) the status of the Purchaser or holder of the Securities either as an investor in the Company pursuant to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents or as a party to this Agreement (including, without limitation, as a party in interest or otherwise in any Action for injunctive or other equitable relief).

(b) If any Action shall be brought against any Purchaser Party in respect of which indemnity may be sought pursuant to this Agreement, such Purchaser Party shall promptly notify the Company in writing, and the Company shall have the right to assume the defense thereof with counsel of its own choosing reasonably acceptable to the Purchaser Party. Any Purchaser Party shall have the right to employ separate counsel in any such Action and participate in the defense thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Purchaser Party except to the extent that (i) the employment thereof has been specifically authorized by the Company in writing, (ii) the Company has failed after a reasonable period of time to assume such defense and to employ counsel or (iii) in such Action there is, in the reasonable opinion of counsel, a material conflict on any material issue between the position of the Company and the position of such Purchaser Party, in which case the Company shall be responsible for the reasonable fees and expenses of no more than one such separate counsel. The Company will not be liable to any Purchaser Party under this Agreement (y) for any settlement by a Purchaser Party effected without the Company’s prior written consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed; or (z) to the extent, but only to the extent that a loss, claim, damage or liability is attributable to any Purchaser Party’s breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by such Purchaser Party in this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents. The indemnification required by this Section 4.9(b) shall be made by periodic payments of the amount thereof during the course of the investigation or defense, as and when bills are received or are incurred. The indemnity agreements contained herein shall be in addition to any cause of Action or similar right of any Purchaser Party against the Company or others and any liabilities the Company may be subject to pursuant to law.

4.10 Reservation and Listing of Securities.

(a) The Company covenants that while any Note remains outstanding, the Company will reserve from its authorized and unissued Common Stock, a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock, free from pre-emptive rights, that would be issuable upon full, unconditioned conversion of the Note calculated on the basis of the Conversion Price (the “Required Minimum”).

(b) The Company shall, if applicable: (i) in the time and manner required by the principal Trading Market, prepare and file with such Trading Market an additional shares listing application covering a number of shares of Common Stock at least equal to the Required Minimum on the date of such application, (ii) take all steps necessary to cause such shares of Common Stock to be approved for listing or quotation on such Trading Market as soon as possible thereafter, (iii) provide to the Purchaser evidence of such listing or quotation and (iv) maintain the listing or quotation of such Common Stock on any date at least equal to the Required Minimum on such date on such Trading Market or another Trading Market.

4.11 Change in Transfer Agent. If the Company’s agency relationship with the Transfer Agent should be terminated for any reason while all or any portion of the Note remains outstanding, the Company shall immediately appoint a successor transfer agent acceptable to the Purchaser and shall require that the successor Transfer Agent execute and agree to be bound by the terms of the Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions with respect to the Purchaser. Failure to adhere to this covenant shall automatically be deemed a material breach of this Agreement and an Event of Default under the Note.

4.12 Participation in Future Financing.

(a) From the date hereof until the 18-month anniversary of the later of: (i) the Maturity Date (as defined in the Note), and (ii) full repayment of the Note by Company (the “Participation Period”), upon the Company’s intent to raise any financing involving the issuance by the Company of equity securities, debt securities or any combination thereof (a “Subsequent Financing”), neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries shall, directly or indirectly, effect such Subsequent Financing unless the Company shall have first complied with this Section 4.12. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the right set forth in this Section 4.12 is a right granted by the Company, separately, to each Buyer.

(b) At least five (5) Trading Days prior to any proposed or intended Subsequent Financing, the Company shall deliver to the Purchaser a written notice (each such notice, a “Pre-Notice”), which Pre-Notice shall not contain any information (including, without limitation, material, non-public information) other than: (A) if the proposed Offer Notice (as defined below) constitutes or contains material, non-public information, a statement asking whether the Investor is willing to accept material non-public information or (B) if the proposed Offer Notice does not constitute or contain material, non-public information, (x) a statement that the Company proposes or intends to effect a Subsequent Financing, (y) a statement that the statement in clause (x) above does not constitute material, nonpublic information and (z) a statement informing the Purchaser that it is entitled to receive an Offer Notice (as defined below) with respect to such Subsequent Financing upon its written request. Upon the written request of the Purchaser within three (3) Trading Days after the Company’s delivery to the Purchaser of such Pre-Notice, and only upon a written request by the Purchaser, the Company shall promptly, but no later than one (1) Trading Day after such request, deliver to the Purchaser an irrevocable written notice (the “Offer Notice”) of any proposed or intended issuance or sale or exchange (the “Offer”) of the securities being offered (the “Offered Securities”) in a Subsequent Financing, which Offer Notice shall (A) identify and describe the Offered Securities, (B) describe the price and other terms upon which they are to be issued, sold or exchanged, and the number or amount of the Offered Securities to be issued, sold or exchanged, (C) identify the Persons (if known) to which or with which the Offered Securities are to be offered, issued, sold or exchanged and (D) offer to issue and sell to or exchange with the Purchaser in accordance with the terms of the Offer (I) with respect to any offerings of indebtedness, 100% or (II) with respect to any other offering, 45% of the Offered Securities.

(c) If the Purchaser desires to participate in any such Subsequent Financing, such Purchaser must provide written notice to the Company by not later than 5:30 p.m. (New York, NY time) on the fifth (5th) Trading Day after the Purchaser has received the Participation Notice that the Purchaser is exercising its right to participate in the Subsequent Financing, the amount of the Purchaser’s participation, and representing and warranting that the Purchaser has funds ready, willing and available for investment on the terms set forth in the Subsequent Financing Notice. If the Company does not receive such notice from the Purchaser as of such fifth Trading Day, the Purchaser shall have been deemed to have notified the Company that the Purchaser does not elect to participate.

(d) After 5:30 p.m. (New York, NY time) on the fifth (5th) Trading Day after the Purchaser has received the Participation Notice, the Company shall have the right to enter into the Subsequent Financing, subject to the participation of the Purchaser if it has properly notified the Company of its election to participate.

(e) The Company must provide the Purchaser with a second Participation Notice, and the Purchaser will again have the right to participate as set forth above in this Section 4.12, if any of the material terms of the Subsequent Financing are changed.

(f) The Company and the Purchaser agree that if Purchaser elect to participate in the Subsequent Financing, the transaction documents related to the Subsequent Financing shall not include any term or provision that, directly or indirectly, will, or is intended to, exclude the Purchaser from participating in a Subsequent Financing, including, but not limited to, provisions whereby the Purchaser shall be required to agree to any restrictions on trading as to any securities of the Company or be required to consent to any amendment to or termination of, or grant any waiver, release or the like under or in connection with this Agreement, without the prior written consent of the Purchaser.

(g) Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Section 4.12 shall not apply in respect of an Exempt Issuance.

4.13 No Variable Rate Transactions. From the date hereof until such time as the Purchaser no longer hold any of the Commitment Shares, the Company shall be prohibited from effecting or entering into an agreement to effect any issuance by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents (or a combination of units thereof) involving a Variable Rate Transaction. “Variable Rate Transaction” means a transaction in which the Company (i) issues or sells any debt or equity securities that are convertible into, exchangeable or exercisable for, or include the right to receive, additional shares of Common Stock either (A) at a conversion price, exercise price or exchange rate or other price that is based upon, and/or varies with, the trading prices of or quotations for the shares of Common Stock at any time after the initial issuance of such debt or equity securities or (B) with a conversion, exercise or exchange price that is subject to being reset at some future date after the initial issuance of such debt or equity security or upon the occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly related to the business of the Company or the market for the Common Stock or (ii) enters into, or effects a transaction under, any agreement, including, but not limited to, an equity line of credit, whereby the Company may issue securities at a future determined price, provided however, that an at-the-market facility with a nationally recognized broker dealer shall not be considered a Variable Rate Transaction. In addition, the Company and the Investor shall not be prohibited from executing or entering into a variable rate transaction with each other at any time. The Purchaser shall be entitled to obtain injunctive relief against the Company to preclude any such issuance or potential issuance, which remedy shall be in addition to any right to collect damages.

4.14 Reserved.

4.15 Certain Transactions and Confidentiality. The Purchaser covenants that neither it, nor any Affiliate acting on its behalf or pursuant to any understanding with it will execute any purchases or sales, including Short Sales, of any of the Company’s securities during the period commencing with the execution of this Agreement and ending at such time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release. The Purchaser covenants that until such time as the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are publicly disclosed by the Company pursuant to the initial press release, the Purchaser will maintain the confidentiality of the existence and terms of this transaction and the information included in the Disclosure Schedules. Notwithstanding the foregoing and notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, the Company expressly acknowledges and agrees that (i) the Purchaser makes no representation, warranty or covenant hereby that it will not engage in effecting transactions in any securities of the Company after the time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release, (ii) the Purchaser shall not be restricted or prohibited from effecting any transactions in any securities of the Company in accordance with applicable securities laws from and after the time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release and (iii) the Purchaser shall not have any duty of confidentiality or duty not to trade in the securities of the Company to the Company after the issuance of the initial press release. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Purchaser is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of the Purchaser’s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment decisions made by the portfolio managers managing other portions of the Purchaser’s assets, the covenant set forth above shall only apply with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase the Securities covered by this Agreement.

4.16 Reverse Stock Split. To the extent the Company is unable to maintain the listing of its Common Stock on the applicable Trading Market, other than by consummating a reverse stock split of its shares of Common Stock, then the Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to consummate such a reverse stock split prior to any delisting of its Common Stock. In order to be able to consummate a reverse stock split, if required, the Company agrees to hold a meeting of stockholders for the purpose of obtaining Stockholder Approval for such reverse stock split, not later than ninety (90) days after the Closing.

4.17 Equity Raise. The Company covenants and agrees that it shall use commercially reasonable efforts to raise equity financing in an aggregate amount of at least $3,000,000 on or before May 31, 2024. The Company’s receipt of such equity financing shall be subject the mandatory prepayment provisions of Section 1.4 of the Note.

4.18 Restriction on Activities. From the date hereof until such time as the Purchaser no longer holds the Note, the Company shall not, directly or indirectly, without the Purchaser’ prior written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, materially change the nature of its business.

4.19 Corporate Existence. The Company shall, until such time as the Purchaser no longer beneficially owns the Note, maintain its corporate existence and shall not sell all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, except in the event of a merger or consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, where the surviving or successor entity in such transaction (i) assumes the Company’s obligations hereunder and under the Transaction Documents and (ii) is a publicly traded corporation whose common stock is listed for trading or quotation on the NYSE American, any tier of the Nasdaq Stock Market, the New York Stock Exchange or the NYSE MKT.

ARTICLE V.

MISCELLANEOUS

5.1 Termination. This Agreement may be terminated by the Purchaser, or by the Company, by written notice to the other, if the Closing has not been consummated on or before the fifth Trading Day following the date hereof, provided, however, that no such termination will affect the right of any party to sue for any breach by any other party (or parties).

5.2 Fees and Expenses. Except as expressly set forth in the Transaction Documents to the contrary, each party shall pay the fees and expenses of its advisers, counsel, accountants, and other experts, if any, and all other expenses incurred by such party incident to the negotiation, preparation, execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement. In accordance with the Flow of Funds Memorandum for the Closing, the Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees (including, without limitation, any fees required for same-day processing of any instruction letter delivered by the Company and any conversion or exercise notice delivered by the Purchaser), stamp taxes, and other taxes and duties levied in connection with the delivery of any Securities to the Purchaser. Notwithstanding the foregoing, upon and subject to the Closing of the transactions contemplated hereunder, and in accordance with the Flow of Funds Memorandum for the Closing, the Company shall pay for the Purchaser’ due diligence and legal fees relating to the transactions contemplated hereunder, up to a maximum amount of $25,000.00.

5.3 Entire Agreement. The Transaction Documents, together with the exhibits and schedules thereto, contain the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, oral or written, with respect to such matters, which the parties acknowledge have been merged into such documents, exhibits and schedules.

5.4 Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of: (a) the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number or email attachment at the email address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto at or prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York, N.Y. time) on a Trading Day, (b) the next Trading Day after the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number or email attachment at the email address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York, N.Y. time) on any Trading Day, (c) the second Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service or (d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. The address for such notices and communications shall be as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto.

5.5 Amendments; Waivers. No provision of this Agreement may be waived, modified, supplemented, or amended except in a written instrument signed, in the case of an amendment, by the Company and the Purchaser or, in the case of a waiver, by the party against whom enforcement of any such waived provision is sought. No waiver of any default with respect to any provision, condition, or requirement of this Agreement shall be deemed to be a continuing waiver in the future or a waiver of any subsequent default or a waiver of any other provision, condition, or requirement hereof, nor shall any delay or omission of any party to exercise any right hereunder in any manner impair the exercise of any such right. Any proposed amendment or waiver that disproportionately, materially, and adversely affects the rights and obligations of the Purchaser relative to the comparable rights and obligations of the other Purchaser shall require the prior written consent of such adversely affected Purchaser. Any amendment effected in accordance with this Section 5.5 shall be binding upon the Purchaser and holder of Securities and the Company.

5.6 Headings. The headings herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Agreement and shall not be deemed to limit or affect any of the provisions hereof.

5.7 Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their successors and permitted assigns. The Company may not assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of the Purchaser (other than by merger). The Purchaser may assign any or all of its rights under this Agreement to any Person to whom the Purchaser assigns or transfers any Securities, provided that such transferee agrees in writing to be bound, with respect to the transferred Securities, by the provisions of the Transaction Documents that apply to the Purchaser.

5.8 No Third-Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other Person, except as otherwise set forth herein.

5.9 Governing Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement, and interpretation of the Transaction Documents shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of Delaware without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal Actions concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and any other Transaction Documents (whether brought against a party hereto or its respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees, or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts located in the State of Delaware. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of such state and federal courts for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect to the enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents), and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any Action, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such Action is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such Action. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such Action by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If any party shall commence an Action to enforce any provisions of the Transaction Documents, then, in addition to the obligations of the Company under Section 4.10, the prevailing party in such Action shall be reimbursed by the non-prevailing party for its reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such Action.

5.10 Survival. The representations and warranties contained herein shall survive the Closing and the delivery of the Securities.

5.11 Execution. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which when taken together shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to each other party, it being understood that the parties need not sign the same counterpart. If any signature is delivered by facsimile transmission or by e-mail delivery of a “.pdf” format data file, such signature shall create a valid and binding obligation of the party executing (or on whose behalf such signature is executed) with the same force and effect as if such facsimile or “.pdf” signature page were an original thereof.

5.12 Severability. If any term, provision, covenant, or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their commercially reasonable efforts to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated by such term, provision, covenant, or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties that they would have executed the remaining terms, provisions, covenants, and restrictions without including any of such that may be hereafter declared invalid, illegal, void, or unenforceable.

5.13 Rescission and Withdrawal Right. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in (and without limiting any similar provisions of) any of the other Transaction Documents, whenever the Purchaser exercises a right, election, demand or option under a Transaction Document and the Company does not timely perform its related obligations within the periods therein provided, then the Purchaser may rescind or withdraw, in its sole discretion from time to time upon written notice to the Company, any relevant notice, demand or election in whole or in part without prejudice to its future actions and rights; provided, however, that, in the case of a rescission of a conversion of the Note, the applicable Purchaser shall be required to return any shares of Common Stock subject to any such rescinded conversion notice concurrently with the restoration of the Purchaser’s right to acquire such shares pursuant to such Note (including issuance of a replacement Note evidencing such restored right).

5.14 Replacement of Securities. If any certificate or instrument evidencing any Securities is mutilated, lost, stolen, or destroyed, the Company shall issue or cause to be issued in exchange and substitution for and upon cancellation thereof (in the case of mutilation), or in lieu of and substitution therefor, a new certificate or instrument, but only upon receipt of evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Company of such loss, theft, or destruction. The applicant for a new certificate or instrument under such circumstances shall also pay any reasonable third-party costs (including customary indemnity) associated with the issuance of such replacement Securities.

5.15 Remedies. In addition to being entitled to exercise all rights provided herein or granted by law, including recovery of damages, each of the Purchaser and the Company will be entitled to specific performance under the Transaction Documents. The parties agree that monetary damages may not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of any breach of obligations contained in the Transaction Documents and hereby agree to waive and not to assert in any Action for specific performance of any such obligation the defense that a remedy at law would be adequate.

5.16 Payment Set Aside. To the extent that the Company makes a payment or payments to the Purchaser pursuant to any Transaction Document or the Purchaser enforces or exercises its rights thereunder, and such payment or payments or the proceeds of such enforcement or exercise or any part thereof are subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside, recovered from, disgorged by or are required to be refunded, repaid or otherwise restored to the Company, a trustee, receiver or any other Person under any law (including, without limitation, any bankruptcy law, state or federal law, common law or equitable cause of action), then to the extent of any such restoration the obligation or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued in full force and effect as if such payment had not been made or such enforcement or setoff had not occurred.

5.17 Usury. To the extent it may lawfully do so, the Company hereby agrees not to insist upon or plead or in any manner whatsoever claim, and will resist any and all efforts to be compelled to take the benefit or advantage of, usury laws wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, in connection with any Action that may be brought by the Purchaser in order to enforce any right or remedy under any Transaction Document. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary contained in any Transaction Document, it is expressly agreed and provided that the total liability of the Company under the Transaction Documents for payments in the nature of interest shall not exceed the maximum lawful rate authorized under applicable law (the “Maximum Rate”), and, without limiting the foregoing, in no event shall any rate of interest or default interest, or both of them, when aggregated with any other sums in the nature of interest that the Company may be obligated to pay under the Transaction Documents exceed such Maximum Rate. It is agreed that if the maximum contract rate of interest allowed by law and applicable to the Transaction Documents is increased or decreased by statute or any official governmental action subsequent to the date hereof, the new maximum contract rate of interest allowed by law will be the Maximum Rate applicable to the Transaction Documents from the effective date thereof forward, unless such application is precluded by applicable law. If under any circumstances whatsoever, interest in excess of the Maximum Rate is paid by the Company to the Purchaser with respect to indebtedness evidenced by the Transaction Documents, such excess shall be applied by the Purchaser to the unpaid principal balance of any such indebtedness or be refunded to the Company, the manner of handling such excess to be at the Purchaser’s election any Transaction Document are several and not joint with the obligations of any other Purchaser, and no Purchaser shall be responsible in any way for the performance or non- performance of the obligations of any other Purchaser under any Transaction Document. Nothing contained herein or in any other Transaction Document, and no action taken by the Purchaser pursuant hereto or thereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Purchaser as a partnership, an association, a joint venture or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Purchaser are in any way acting in concert or as a group with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. The Purchaser has been represented by its own separate legal counsel in its review and negotiation of the Transaction Documents.

5.18 Liquidated Damages. The Company’s obligations to pay any partial liquidated damages or other amounts owing under the Transaction Documents is a continuing obligation of the Company and shall not terminate until all unpaid partial liquidated damages and other amounts have been paid notwithstanding that the instrument or security pursuant to which such partial liquidated damages or other amounts are due and payable shall have been canceled.

5.19 Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any Action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such Action may be taken, or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.

5.20 Construction. The parties agree that each of them and/or their respective counsel have reviewed and had an opportunity to revise the Transaction Documents and, therefore, the normal rule of construction to the effect that any ambiguities are to be resolved against the drafting party shall not be employed in the interpretation of the Transaction Documents or any amendments thereto. In addition, each and every reference to share prices and shares of Common Stock in any Transaction Document shall be subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the date of this Agreement.

5.21 WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. IN ANY ACTION, SUIT, OR PROCEEDING IN ANY JURISDICTION BROUGHT BY ANY PARTY AGAINST ANY OTHER PARTY, THE PARTIES EACH KNOWINGLY AND INTENTIONALLY, TO THE GREATEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, HEREBY ABSOLUTELY, UNCONDITIONALLY, IRREVOCABLY AND EXPRESSLY WAIVES FOREVER TRIAL BY JURY.

(Signature Pages Follow)

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first indicated above.

[Company Signature Page to Trio Petroleum Securities Purchase Agreement]

[Purchaser Signature Page to Trio Petroleum Securities Purchase Agreement]

Exhibit 10.2

EXECUTION VERSION

SECURITY AGREEMENT

THIS SECURITY AGREEMENT (as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, this “Agreement”) executed on April 16, 2024 and becoming effective on the Effective Date, between Trio Petroleum Corp., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), with corporate headquarters at 4115 Blackhawk Plaza Circle, Suite 100, Danville, CA 94506 (the Company, each Material Subsidiary, and each other Person who becomes a party to this Agreement by execution of a joinder in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto, which shall include all Material Subsidiaries of the Company formed or acquired after the date hereof are hereinafter sometimes referred to individually as a “Debtor” and, collectively, as the “Debtors”) and the secured party whose signature appears on the signature page of this Agreement (the “Secured Party”).

WHEREAS, the Secured Party is purchasing from the Company a Note (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) in an original principal amount of $400,000 (as may be amended, supplemented, restated or modified and in effect from time to time), and receive certain Commitment Shares (as defined in the Purchase Agreement);

WHEREAS, the Note is being acquired by the Secured Party, and the Secured Party has made certain financial accommodations to the Company pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of the date of this Agreement, by and among the Company and the Secured Party (as the same may be amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time-to-time, the “Purchase Agreement”). Capitalized words and terms used herein but not otherwise defined shall have the meanings set forth in the Purchase Agreement;

WHEREAS, each Debtor will derive substantial direct or indirect benefit and advantage from the financial accommodations to the Company set forth in the Purchase Agreement and the Note, and it will be to each such Debtor’s direct or indirect interest and economic benefit to assist the Company in procuring said financial accommodations from the Secured Party;

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:

Section 1. Definitions. Capitalized terms used herein without definition and defined in the Purchase Agreement are used herein as defined therein. In addition, as used herein:

“Accounts” means any “account,” as such term is defined in the UCC, and, in any event, shall include, without limitation, “supporting obligations” as defined in the UCC.

“Chattel Paper” means any “chattel paper,” as such term is defined in the UCC.

“Collateral” shall have the meaning ascribed thereto in Section 3 hereof.

“Contracts” means all contracts, undertakings, or other agreements (other than rights evidenced by Chattel Paper, Documents or Instruments) in or under which a Debtor may now or hereafter have any right, title or interest, including, without limitation, with respect to an Account, any agreement relating to the terms of payment or the terms of performance thereof.

“Copyrights” means any copyrights, rights and interests in copyrights, works protectable by copyrights, copyright registrations and copyright applications, and all renewals of any of the foregoing, all income, royalties, damages and payments now and hereafter due and/or payable under or with respect to any of the foregoing, including, without limitation, damages and payments for past, present and future infringements of any of the foregoing and the right to sue for past, present and future infringements of any of the foregoing.

“Deposit Accounts” means all “deposit accounts” as such term is defined in the UCC, now or hereafter held in the name of a Debtor.

“Documents” means any “documents,” as such term is defined in the UCC, and shall include, without limitation, all documents of title (as defined in the UCC), bills of lading or other receipts evidencing or representing Inventory or Equipment.

“Effective Date” means the date that the security interest granted to in all of the Company’s assets is terminated and all UCC-1 Financing Statements relating thereto have been terminated.

“Equipment” means any “equipment,” as such term is defined in the UCC and, in any event, shall include, Motor Vehicles.

“Event of Default” shall have the meaning set forth in the Notes.

“Excluded Assets” means any lease, license or other agreement or any property subject to a capital lease, purchase money security interest or similar arrangement, to the extent that a grant of a Lien thereon in favor of the Secured Party would violate or invalidate such lease, license, agreement or capital lease, purchase money security interest or similar arrangement or create a right of termination in favor of any other party thereto (other than the Debtors), so long as such provision exists and so long as such lease, license or agreement was not entered into in contemplation of circumventing the obligation to provide Collateral hereunder or in violation of the Purchase Agreement, other than to the extent that any such term would be rendered ineffective pursuant to Sections 9-406, 9-407, 9-408 or 9-409 of the UCC (or any successor provision or provisions) of any relevant jurisdiction or any other applicable law including the bankruptcy code, or principles of equity.

“General Intangibles” means any “general intangibles,” as such term is defined in the UCC, and, in any event, shall include, without limitation, all right, title and interest in or under any Contract, models, drawings, materials and records, claims, literary rights, goodwill, rights of performance, Copyrights, Trademarks, Patents, warranties, rights under insurance policies and rights of indemnification.

“Goods” means any “goods”, as such term is defined in the UCC, including, without limitation, fixtures and embedded Software to the extent included in “goods” as defined in the UCC.

“Governmental Authority” means the government of the United States of America or any other nation, or any political subdivision thereof, whether state or local, or any agency, authority, instrumentality, regulatory body, court, central bank or other entity exercising executive, legislative, judicial, taxing, regulatory or administration powers or functions of or pertaining to government over any Debtor or any of its subsidiaries, or any of their respective properties, assets or undertakings.

“Instruments” means any “instrument,” as such term is defined in the UCC, and shall include, without limitation, promissory notes, drafts, bills of exchange, trade acceptances, letters of credit, letter of credit rights (as defined in the UCC), and Chattel Paper.

“Inventory” means any “inventory,” as such term is defined in the UCC.

“Investment Property” means any “investment property”, as such term is defined in the UCC.

“Material Subsidiary” refers to each Subsidiary of the Company which has (i) generated at least 5% of the Company’s consolidated revenues during any fiscal quarter over a 12-month period consisting of the last three Form 10-Qs and one Form 10-k filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Fiscal Period”) , (ii) at least 5% of consolidated assets as of the end of any fiscal quarter during the Fiscal Period, or (iii) is engaged in or was formed to engage in the exploration, drilling and completion or production of oil and/or gas.

“Motor Vehicles” shall mean motor vehicles, tractors, trailers and other like property, whether or not the title thereto is governed by a certificate of title or ownership.

“Obligations” means the full amount due under each Note, as it may change from time-to-time, and the cash payment obligations of the Company under the Transaction Documents, including, without limitation, the principal amount of all debts, claims and indebtedness, accrued and unpaid interest and all fees, costs and expenses, whether primary, secondary, direct, contingent, fixed or otherwise, heretofore, now and/or from time to time hereafter owing, due or payable whether before or after the filing of a bankruptcy, insolvency or similar proceeding under applicable federal, state, foreign or other law and whether or not an allowed claim in any such proceeding.

“Patents” means any patents and patent applications, including, without limitation, the inventions and improvements described and claimed therein, all patentable inventions, and the reissues, divisions, continuations, renewals, extensions and continuations-in-part of any of the foregoing, and all income, royalties, damages and payments now or hereafter due and/or payable under or with respect to any of the foregoing, including, without limitation, damages and payments for past, present and future infringements of any of the foregoing and the right to sue for past, present and future infringements of any of the foregoing.

“Permitted Indebtedness” has the meaning set forth in the Notes.

“Permitted Lien” means (i) the Liens set forth in Schedule 3.1(m) of the Purchase Agreement, (ii) Liens as do not materially affect the value of the Collateral and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such Collateral by the Company and (ii) Liens for the payment of federal, state or other taxes, for which appropriate reserves have been made therefor in accordance with GAAP and the payment of which is neither delinquent nor subject to penalties.

“Proceeds” means “proceeds,” as such term is defined in the UCC and, in any event, includes, without limitation, (a) any and all proceeds of any insurance, indemnity, warranty or guaranty payable with respect to any of the Collateral, (b) any and all payments (in any form whatsoever) made or due and payable from time to time in connection with any requisition, confiscation, condemnation, seizure or forfeiture of all or any part of the Collateral by any Governmental Authority (or any person acting under color of Governmental Authority), and (c) any and all other amounts from time to time paid or payable under, in respect of or in connection with any of the Collateral.

“Representative” means any Person acting as agent, representative or trustee on behalf of the Secured Party from time-to-time.

“Software” means all “software” as such term is defined in the UCC, now owned or hereafter acquired by a Debtor, other than software embedded in any category of Goods, including, without limitation, all computer programs and all supporting information provided in connection with a transaction related to any program.

“Trademarks” means any trademarks, trade names, corporate names, company names, business names, fictitious business names, trade styles, service marks, logos, other business identifiers, prints and labels on which any of the foregoing have appeared or appear, all registrations and recordings thereof, and all applications in connection therewith, and renewals thereof, and all income, royalties, damages and payments now or hereafter due and/or payable under or with respect to any of the foregoing, including, without limitation, damages and payments for past, present and future infringements of any of the foregoing and the right to sue for past, present and future infringements of any of the foregoing.

“UCC” shall mean the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect from time to time in the State of Delaware; provided, that to the extent that the Uniform Commercial Code is used to define any term herein and such term is defined differently in different Articles of the Uniform Commercial Code, the definition of such term contained in Article 9 shall govern.

Section 2. Representations, Warranties and Covenants of the Debtors. Each Debtor represents and warrants to, and covenants with, the Secured Party and each Secured Party as follows:

(a) Subject to the Permitted Liens, such Debtor has or will have rights in and the power to transfer the Collateral in which it purports to grant a security interest pursuant to Section 3 hereof (subject, with respect to after acquired Collateral, to such Debtor acquiring the same) and no Lien other than a Permitted Lien exists upon such Collateral.

(b) Subject to the Permitted Liens, this Agreement is effective to create in favor of the Secured Party a valid security interest in and Lien upon all of such Debtor’s right, title and interest in and to the Collateral.

Section 3. Collateral. As collateral security for the prompt payment in full when due (whether at stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise) of the Obligations, each Debtor hereby pledges and grants to the Secured Party, a Lien on and security interest in and to all of such Debtor’s right, title and interest all of the properties and assets of such Debtor, whether now owned by such Debtor or hereafter acquired and whether now existing or hereafter coming into existence and wherever located and of every kind, nature and description, whether tangible or intangible, including, but not limited to, the following (all being collectively referred to herein as “Collateral”):

(a) all Instruments, together with all payments thereon or thereunder:

(b) all Accounts;

(c) all Inventory;

(d) all General Intangibles (including payment intangibles (as defined in the UCC) and Software);

(e) all Equipment;

(f) all Documents;

(g) all Contracts;

(h) all Goods;

(i) all Investment Property, including without limitation all equity interests now owned or hereafter acquired by such Debtor;

(j) all Deposit Accounts, including, without limitation, the balance from time to time in all bank accounts maintained by such Debtor;

(k) all Trademarks, Patents and Copyrights and licenses related to such Trademarks, Patents and Copyrights; and

(l) all other tangible and intangible property of such Debtor, including, without limitation, all interests in real property, Proceeds, tort claims, products, accessions, rents, profits, income, benefits, substitutions, additions and replacements of and to any of the property of such Debtor described in the preceding clauses of this Section 3 (including, without limitation, any proceeds of insurance thereon, insurance claims and all rights, claims and benefits against any Person relating thereto), other rights to payments not otherwise included in the foregoing, and all books, correspondence, files, records, invoices and other papers, including without limitation all tapes, cards, computer runs, computer programs, computer files and other papers, documents and records in the possession or under the control of such Debtor, or any computer bureau or service company from time to time acting for such Debtor.

(m) As of the date of this Agreement, the Company does not have any Subsidiaries.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein or in any Transaction Document, in no event shall the security interest granted herein or therein attach to any Excluded Assets.

Section 4. Covenants; Remedies. In furtherance of the grant of the pledge and security interest pursuant to Section 3 hereof, each Debtor hereby agrees as follows:

4.1 Maintenance, etc.

(a) Books and Records. Each Debtor shall maintain at its own cost and expense reasonably complete and accurate books and records of the Collateral, including, without limitation, a record of payments received and credits granted with respect to the Collateral. Upon the occurrence and during the continuation of any Event of Default, each Debtor shall deliver and turn over any such books and records (or true and correct copies thereof) to the Secured Party or its Representative at any time on demand. Each Debtor shall permit the Secured Party or any Representative of the Secured Party to inspect such books and records at any time during reasonable business hours and upon reasonable notice; provided that a representative of such Debtor may attend such inspection, if desired by such Debtor, and will provide photocopies thereof at such Debtor’s expense to the Collateral Agent or its Representative upon reasonable request of the Secured Party or its Representative.

(b) Notice to Account Debtors; Verification. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of any Event of Default, (i) upon request of the Secured Party or its Representative, each Debtor shall promptly notify (and each Debtor hereby authorizes the Secured Party and its Representative so to notify) each account debtor in respect of any Accounts or Instruments or other Persons obligated on the Collateral that such Collateral has been assigned to the Secured Party hereunder, and that any payments due or to become due in respect of such Collateral are to be made directly to the Secured Party and (ii) the Secured Party and its Representative shall have the right at any time or times to make direct verification with the account debtors or other Persons obligated on the Collateral of any and all of the Accounts or other such Collateral.

(c) Further Identification of Collateral. Each Debtor will, when and as often as reasonably requested by the Secured Party or its Representative, furnish to the Secured Party or such Representative, statements and schedules further identifying and describing the Collateral and such other reports in connection with the Collateral as the Secured Party or its Representative may reasonably request, all in reasonable detail.

4.2 Other Liens. Other than Permitted Liens as defined in the Notes, Debtors will not create, permit or suffer to exist, and will defend the Collateral against and take such other action as is necessary to remove, any Lien on the Collateral except Permitted Indebtedness, and will defend the right, title and interest of the Secured Party in and to the Collateral and in and to all Proceeds thereof against the claims and demands of all Persons whatsoever.

4.3 Preservation of Rights. Whether or not an Event of Default has occurred or is continuing, and subject to a minimum of 5 business days’ notice to the Debtor when an Event of Default has not occurred and is not continuing, the Secured Party and its Representative may, but shall not be required to, take any steps the Secured Party or its Representative reasonably deems reasonably necessary or reasonably appropriate to preserve any Collateral or any rights against third parties to any of the Collateral, including obtaining insurance for the Collateral at any time when such Debtor has failed to do so, and Debtors shall promptly pay, or reimburse the Secured Party for, all reasonable and documented out of pocket expenses incurred in connection therewith.

4.4 Formation of Material Subsidiaries; Name Change; Location; Bailees.

(a) If any Collateral is at any time in the possession or control of any warehousemen, bailee, consignee or processor, such Debtor shall, upon the reasonable request of the Secured Party or its Representative, notify such warehousemen, bailee, consignee or processor of the Lien and security interest created hereby.

(b) Each Debtor acknowledges that it is not authorized to file any financing statement or amendment or termination statement with respect to any financing statement without the prior written consent of the Secured Party and agrees that it will not do so without the prior written consent of the Secured Party, subject to such Debtor’s rights under Section 9-509(d)(2) to the UCC.

(c) No Debtor shall enter into any Contract that restricts or prohibits the grant to any Secured Party of a security interest in favor of the Secured Party in Accounts, Chattel Paper, Instruments or payment intangibles or the proceeds of the foregoing.

4.5 Events of Default, Etc. During the period during which an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing subject to Permitted Liens:

(a) each Debtor shall, at the request of the Secured Party or its Representative, assemble the Collateral and make it available to the Secured Party or its Representative at a place or places designated by the Secured Party or its Representative which are reasonably convenient to the Secured Party or its Representative, as applicable, and such Debtor;

(b) the Secured Party or its Representative may make any reasonable compromise or settlement deemed desirable with respect to any of the Collateral and may extend the time of payment, arrange for payment in installments, or otherwise modify the terms of, any of the Collateral;

(c) the Secured Party shall have all of the rights and remedies with respect to the Collateral of a secured party under the UCC (whether or not said UCC is in effect in the jurisdiction where the rights and remedies are asserted) and such additional rights and remedies to which a secured party is entitled under the laws in effect in any jurisdiction where any rights and remedies hereunder may be asserted, including, without limitation, the right, to the maximum extent permitted by law, to: (i) upon three (3) Trading Days’ prior written notice to each Debtor, exercise all voting, consensual and other powers of ownership pertaining to the Collateral as if the Secured Party were the sole and absolute owner thereof (and each Debtor agrees to take all such action as may be appropriate to give effect to such right) and (ii) the appointment of a receiver or receivers for all or any part of the Collateral or business of a Debtor, whether such receivership be incident to a proposed sale or sales of such Collateral or otherwise and without regard to the value of the Collateral or the solvency of any person or persons liable for the payment of the Obligations secured by such Collateral. Each Debtor hereby consents to the appointment of such receiver or receivers, waives any and all defenses to such appointment and agrees that such appointment shall in no manner impair, prejudice or otherwise affect the rights of the Secured Party or any Secured Party under this Agreement. Each Debtor hereby expressly waives notice of a hearing for appointment of a receiver and the necessity for bond or an accounting by the receiver;

(d) the Secured Party or its Representative in its discretion may, in the name of the Secured Party or in the name of a Debtor or otherwise, demand, sue for, collect or receive any money or property at any time payable or receivable on account of or in exchange for any of the Collateral, but shall be under no obligation to do so;

(e) the Secured Party or its Representative may take immediate possession and occupancy of any premises owned, used or leased by a Debtor and exercise all other rights and remedies which may be available to the Secured Party;

(f) the Secured Party may, upon reasonable notice (such reasonable notice to be determined by the Secured Party in its sole and absolute discretion, which shall not be less than 10 days), with respect to the Collateral or any part thereof which shall then be or shall thereafter come into the possession, custody or control of the Secured Party or its Representative, sell, lease, license, assign or otherwise dispose of all or any part of such Collateral, at such place or places as the Secured Party deems best, and for cash or for credit or for future delivery (without thereby assuming any credit risk), at public or private sale, without demand of performance or notice of intention to effect any such disposition or of the time or place thereof (except such notice as is required above or by applicable statute and cannot be waived), and the Secured Party or anyone else may be the purchaser, lessee, licensee, assignee or recipient of any or all of the Collateral so disposed of at any public sale (or, to the extent permitted by law, at any private sale) and thereafter hold the same absolutely, free from any claim or right of whatsoever kind, including any right or equity of redemption (statutory or otherwise), of Debtors, any such demand, notice and right or equity being hereby expressly waived and released. The Secured Party may, without notice or publication, adjourn any public or private sale or cause the same to be adjourned from time to time by announcement at the time and place fixed for the sale, and such sale may be made at any time or place to which the sale may be so adjourned; and

(g) the rights, remedies and powers conferred by this Section 4.5 are in addition to, and not in substitution for, any other rights, remedies or powers that the Secured Party or any Secured Party may have under any Transaction Document, at law, in equity or by or under the UCC or any other statute or agreement. The Secured Party may proceed by way of any action, suit or other proceeding at law or in equity and no right, remedy or power of the Secured Party will be exclusive of or dependent on any other. The Secured Party may exercise any of its rights, remedies or powers separately or in combination and at any time.

The proceeds of each collection, sale or other disposition under this Section 4.5 shall be applied in accordance with Section 4.8 hereof.

4.6 Deficiency. If the proceeds of sale, collection or other realization of or upon the Collateral are insufficient to cover the reasonable and documented costs and expenses of such realization and the payment in full of the Obligations, Debtors shall remain jointly and severally liable for any deficiency.

4.7 Private Sale. Each Debtor recognizes that the Secured Party may be unable to effect a public sale of any or all of the Collateral consisting of securities by reason of certain prohibitions contained in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), and applicable state securities laws, but may be compelled to resort to one or more private sales thereof to a restricted group of purchasers who will be obliged to agree, among other things, to acquire such Collateral for their own account for investment and not with a view to the distribution or resale thereof. Each Debtor acknowledges and agrees that any such private sale may result in prices and other terms less favorable to the seller than if such sale were a public sale and each Debtor agrees that it is not commercially unreasonable for the Secured Party to engage in any such private sales or dispositions under such circumstances. The Secured Party shall be under no obligation to delay a sale of any of the Collateral to permit a Debtor to register such Collateral for public sale under the Act, or under applicable state securities laws, even if Debtors would agree to do so. The Secured Party shall not incur any liability as a result of the sale of any such Collateral, or any part thereof, at any private sale provided for in this Agreement conducted in a commercially reasonable manner, and so long as the Secured Party conducts such sale in a commercially reasonable manner each Debtor hereby waives any claims against the Secured Party or any Secured Party arising by reason of the fact that the price at which the Collateral may have been sold at such a private sale was less than the price which might have been obtained at a public sale or was less than the aggregate amount of the Obligations, even if the Secured Party accepts the first offer received and does not offer the Collateral to more than one offeree.

Each Debtor further agrees to do or cause to be done all such other acts and things as may be necessary to make such sale or sales of any portion or all of any such Collateral valid and binding and in compliance with any and all applicable laws, regulations, orders, writs, injunctions, decrees or awards of any and all courts, arbitrators or governmental instrumentalities, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over any such sale or sales, all at such Debtor’s expense. Each Debtor further agrees that a breach of any of the covenants contained in this Section 4.7 will cause irreparable injury to the Secured Party, that the Secured Party have no adequate remedy at law in respect of such breach and, as a consequence, agrees that each and every covenant contained in this Section 4.7 shall be specifically enforceable against Debtors by the Secured Party of behalf of each Secured Party, and each Debtor hereby waives and agrees not to assert any defenses against an action for specific performance of such covenants except for a defense that no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing.

4.8 Reserved.

4.9 Reserved.

4.10 Termination; Partial Release of Collateral. This Agreement and the Liens and security interests granted hereunder shall not terminate until the full and complete performance and indefeasible satisfaction of all of the Obligations (other than Obligations which expressly survive by their terms and contingent indemnification Obligations), whereupon the Secured Party shall forthwith cause to be assigned, transferred and delivered, against receipt but without any recourse, warranty or representation whatsoever, any remaining Collateral to or on the order of Debtors. The Secured Party shall execute and deliver to Debtors upon such termination all such documentation as shall be reasonably requested by Debtors or otherwise necessary to effect the termination and release of all Liens and security interests in favor of the Secured Party affecting the Collateral. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, upon full and complete satisfaction of the Obligations (other than Obligations which expressly survive by their terms and contingent indemnification Obligations), Debtors obligations under this Agreement shall immediately terminate and any Liens shall thereupon be void. If any of the Collateral shall be sold, transferred to or otherwise disposed of by any Debtor in a transaction permitted by and in compliance with all applicable provisions of the applicable Transaction Document, then the Liens granted hereunder with respect to such Collateral shall be automatically released (unless otherwise specified herein or in the other Transaction Documents), all without delivery of any instrument or performance of any act by any party, and the Secured Party shall, at the written request and sole expense of such Debtor, execute and deliver to such Debtor all releases or other documents reasonably necessary or reasonably desirable for the release of the Liens created hereby on such Collateral.

4.11 Further Assurances. At any time and from time to time, upon the written reasonable request of the Secured Party or its Representative, and at the sole expense of Debtors, Debtors will promptly and duly execute and deliver any and all such further instruments, documents and agreements and take such further actions as the Secured Party or its Representative may reasonably require in order for the Secured Party to obtain the full benefits of this Agreement and of the rights and powers herein granted in favor of the Secured Party, including, without limitation, using Debtors’ commercially reasonable efforts to secure all consents and approvals necessary or appropriate for the assignment to the Secured Party of any Collateral held by Debtors or in which a Debtor has any rights not heretofore assigned.

4.12 Limitation on Duty of Secured Party. The powers conferred on the Secured Party under this Agreement are solely to protect its interest in the Collateral and shall not impose any duty upon it to exercise any such powers. The Secured Party shall be accountable only for amounts that it actually receives as a result of the exercise of such powers and neither Secured Party nor its Representative nor any of their respective officers, directors, employees or agents shall be responsible to Debtors for any act or failure to act, except for gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct. Without limiting the foregoing, the Secured Party and any Representative shall be deemed to have exercised reasonable care in the custody and preservation of the Collateral in their possession if such Collateral is accorded treatment substantially equivalent to that which the Secured Party or any Representative, in its individual capacity, accords its own property consisting of the type of Collateral involved, it being understood and agreed that neither the Secured Party nor any Representative shall have any responsibility for taking any necessary steps (other than steps taken in accordance with the standard of care set forth above) to preserve rights against any Person with respect to any Collateral.

Also without limiting the generality of the foregoing, neither the Secured Party nor any Representative shall have any obligation or liability under any Contract or license by reason of or arising out of this Agreement or the granting to the Secured Party of a security interest therein or assignment thereof or the receipt by the Secured Party or any Representative of any payment relating to any Contract or license pursuant hereto, nor shall the Secured Party or any Representative be required or obligated in any manner to perform or fulfill any of the obligations of Debtors under or pursuant to any Contract or license, or to make any payment, or to make any inquiry as to the nature or the sufficiency of any payment received by it or the sufficiency of any performance by any party under any Contract or license, or to present or file any claim, or to take any action to collect or enforce any performance or the payment of any amounts which may have been assigned to it or to which it may be entitled at any time or times.

Section 5. Miscellaneous.

5.1 No Waiver. No failure on the part of the Secured Party or any of its Representatives to exercise, and no course of dealing with respect to, and no delay in exercising, any right, power or remedy hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise by the Secured Party or any of its Representatives of any right, power or remedy hereunder preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or remedy. The rights and remedies hereunder provided are cumulative and may be exercised singly or concurrently, and are not exclusive of any rights and remedies provided by law.

5.2 Governing Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Security Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware without giving effect to conflicts of law principles.

5.3 Notices. All notices, approvals, requests, demands and other communications hereunder shall be delivered or made in the manner set forth in, and shall be effective in accordance with the terms of, the Purchase Agreement. Debtors and Secured Party may change their respective notice addresses by written notice given to each other party five days prior to the effectiveness of such change.

5.4 Amendments, Etc. The terms of this Agreement may be waived, altered or amended only by an instrument in writing duly executed by the Debtor sought to be charged or benefited thereby and the Secured Party holding a majority of the outstanding principal of the Notes. Any such amendment or waiver shall be binding upon all the Secured Party (including the Secured Party in its capacity as a Secured Party) and the Debtor(s) sought to be charged or benefited thereby and their respective successors and assigns.

5.5 Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the respective successors and assigns of each of the parties hereto, provided, that no Debtor shall assign or transfer its rights hereunder without the prior written consent of each Secured Party. Any Secured Party, including the Secured Party in its capacity as a Secured Party, may assign its rights hereunder without the consent of Debtors, in which event such assignee shall be deemed to be a Secured Party and/or Secured Party, as applicable, hereunder with respect to such assigned rights.

5.6 Counterparts; Headings. This Agreement may be authenticated in any number of counterparts, all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same instrument and any of the parties hereto may authenticate this Agreement by signing any such counterpart. This Agreement may be authenticated by manual signature or facsimile, .pdf or similar electronic signature, all of which shall be equally valid. The headings in this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and shall not alter or otherwise affect the meaning hereof.

5.7 Severability. If any provision hereof is invalid and unenforceable in any jurisdiction, then, to the fullest extent permitted by law, (a) the other provisions hereof shall remain in full force and effect in such jurisdiction and shall be liberally construed in favor of the Secured Party, its Representative and each other Secured Party (and all of their respective successors and assigns) in order to carry out the intentions of the parties hereto as nearly as may be possible and (b) the invalidity or unenforceability of any provision hereof in any jurisdiction shall not affect the validity or enforceability of such provision in any other jurisdiction.

5.8 Exclusive Jurisdiction. Any action, proceeding or claim arising out of, or relating in any way to, this Agreement shall be brought and enforced only as provided in the Purchase Agreement.

5.9 Waiver of Right to Trial by Jury. Each Debtor and each Secured Party waive their respective rights to a trial by jury of any claim or cause of action based upon or arising out of or related to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby, in any action, proceeding or other litigation of any type brought by any of the parties against any other party or parties, whether with respect to contract claims, tort claims, or otherwise. Each Debtor and each Secured Party agree that any such claim or cause of action shall be tried by a court trial without a jury. Without limiting the foregoing, the parties further agree that their respective right to a trial by jury is waived by operation of this Section 5.9 as to any action, counterclaim or other proceeding which seeks, in whole or in part, to challenge the validity or enforceability of this agreement or any provision hereof. This waiver shall apply to any subsequent amendments, renewals, supplements or modifications to this Agreement.

5.10 Joint and Several. The obligations, covenants and agreements of Debtors hereunder shall be the joint and several obligations, covenants and agreements of each Debtor, whether or not specifically stated herein without preferences or distinction among them.

5.11 Secured Party and Secured Party Indemnification.

(a) Each Secured Party has, pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, designated and appointed the Secured Party as the administrative agent of such Secured Party under this Agreement and the related agreements.

(b) Nothing in this Section 5.11 shall be deemed to limit or otherwise affect the rights of the Secured Party to exercise any remedy provided in this Agreement or any other Transaction Document.

(c) If pursuant to any Transaction Document a Secured Party (including the Secured Party) is given the discretion to allocate proceeds received by such Secured Party (including the Secured Party) pursuant to the exercise of remedies under the Transaction Documents or at law or in equity (including without limitation with respect to any secured creditor remedies exercised against the Collateral and any other collateral security provided for under any Transaction Document), the Secured Party shall apply such proceeds to the then outstanding Obligations in the following order of priority (with amounts received being applied in the numerical order set forth below until exhausted prior to the application to the next succeeding category and each Secured Party entitled to payment shall receive an amount equal to its Pro Rata Portion of amounts available to be applied pursuant to clauses second, third and fourth below):

first, to payment of fees, costs and expenses (including reasonable attorney’s fees) owing to the Secured Party;

second, to payment of all accrued unpaid interest and fees (other than fees owing to Secured Party) on the Obligations;

third, to payment of principal of the Obligations;

fourth, to payment of any other amounts owing constituting Obligations; and

fifth, any remainder shall be for the account of and paid to whoever may be lawfully entitled thereto.

(d) Each Debtor agrees, jointly and severally, to indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Secured Party, its respective successors and assigns and all of their respective officers, directors, shareholders, members, managers, partners, employees, attorneys and agents, and any Person in control of any thereof (collectively, the “Indemnitees”), from and against any claims, debts, liabilities, losses, demands, obligations, actions, causes of action, fines, penalties, reasonable and documented out of pocket costs and expenses (including attorneys’ fees and consultants’ fees), of every nature, character and description (each, an “Indemnified Liability” and collectively the “Indemnified Liabilities”), under federal and state securities laws or otherwise insofar as such Indemnified Liability arises out of or is based upon any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, any other Transaction Document, any of the Obligations, or any other cause or thing whatsoever occurred, done, omitted or suffered to be done by a Debtor relating to any Secured Party or the Obligations (except any such amounts sustained or incurred solely as the result of the gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct of such Indemnitees, as finally determined by a court of competent jurisdiction); but limited, in the case of legal fees and expenses, to one counsel to all such Indemnitees, taken as a whole and, solely in the case of an actual or potential conflict of interest, one additional counsel to all affected Indemnitees, taken as a whole (and, if reasonably necessary, one local counsel in any relevant jurisdiction to all such Persons, taken as a whole and, solely in the case of any such an actual or potential conflict of interest, one additional local counsel to all affected Indemnitees taken as a whole, in each such relevant jurisdiction)). If and to the extent that the foregoing undertakings in this paragraph may be unenforceable for any reason, each Debtor agrees to jointly and severally make the maximum contribution to the payment and satisfaction of each of the Indemnified Liabilities which is permissible under applicable law. The obligations of each Debtor under this Section 5.11(d) shall survive any termination of this Agreement or any other Transaction Document.

5.12 No Strict Construction. The language used in this Agreement will be deemed to be the language chosen by the parties to express their mutual intent, and no rules of strict construction will be applied against any party.

5.13 Entire Agreement; Amendment. This Agreement, together with the other transaction documents, supersedes all other prior oral or written agreements between the Secured Party, the Debtors, their affiliates and persons acting on their behalf with respect to the matters discussed herein, and this Agreement, together with the other transaction documents and the other instruments referenced herein and therein, contain the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the matters covered herein and therein and, except as specifically set forth herein or therein, neither the secured party nor any Debtor makes any representation, warranty, covenant or undertaking with respect to such matters. As of the date of this Agreement, there are no unwritten agreements between the parties with respect to the matters discussed herein. No provision of this Agreement may be amended, modified or supplemented other than by an instrument in writing signed by the Debtors and the Secured Party.

- Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank; Signature Page Follows -

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Security Agreement to be duly executed and delivered as of the day and year first above written.

DEBTORS:

[Debtor Signature Page to Trio Petroleum Corp. Security Agreement]

[Secured Party Signature Page to Trio Petroleum Corp. Security Agreement]

EXHIBIT A

Form of Joinder

Joinder to Security Agreement

The undersigned, ______________________________, hereby joins in the execution of that certain Security Agreement dated as of April 16, 2024 (as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Security Agreement”) by the Debtors (as defined therein), the Secured Party (as defined therein), and each other Person that becomes a Debtor or a Secured Party thereunder after the date thereof. By executing this Joinder, the undersigned hereby agrees that it is a Debtor thereunder and agrees to be bound by all of the terms and provisions of the Security Agreement. The undersigned represents and warrants that the representations and warranties set forth in the Security Agreement are, with respect to the undersigned, true and correct as of the date hereof.