Exhibit 3.1

SECOND AMENDMENT TO THE

AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION OF

VISION SENSING ACQUISITION CORP.

VISION SENSING ACQUISITION CORP, a corporation (the “Corporation”) organized and existing under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”), does hereby certify:

1. The name of the Corporation is Vision Sensing Acquisition Corp. The Corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation was filed in the office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware pursuant to the DGCL on August 13, 2021 (the “Original Certificate”).

2. An Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation was filed in the office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on October 29, 2021 (the “Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation”).

3. The First Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation was duly adopted on May 1, 2023, by the affirmative vote of the holders of 65% of the stock entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders in accordance with the provisions of Section 242 of the DGCL.

4. This Second Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation was duly adopted by the affirmative vote of the holders of 65% of the stock entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders in accordance with the provisions of Section 242 of the DGCL.

5. The text of Section 9.1(b)(ii) of Article IX is hereby amended and restated to read in its entirety as follows:

“(ii) the redemption of 100% of the Offering Shares (as defined below) if the Corporation is unable to complete its initial Business Combination by November 3, 2023 (or, if the Office of the Delaware Division of Corporations shall not be open for business (including for filing of corporate documents) on such date the next date upon which the Office of the Delaware Division of Corporations shall be open (or such a later date pursuant to the extension(s) set forth under Section 9.1(c), the “Deadline Date”) and”

6. The text of Section 9.1(c) of Article IX is hereby amended and restated to read in its entirety as follows:

“(c) In the event that the Corporation has not consummated an initial Business Combination by November 3, 2023, upon the Sponsor’s request, the Corporation may extend the period of time to consummate a Business Combination up to six times, each by an additional one month, for an aggregate of up to six additional months ending May 3, 2024, provided that (i) the Sponsor (or its affiliates or permitted designees) will deposit, by the Deadline Date in effect prior to such extension (or the first business day thereafter if such date is not a business day), into the Trust Account the lesser of (x) $60,000 or (y) $0.045 per share for each Offering Share outstanding as of the applicable Deadline Date for each such extension in exchange for a non-interest bearing, unsecured promissory note payable upon consummation of a Business Combination and (ii).in each case, that the procedures relating to any such extension, as set forth in the Trust Agreement, shall have been complied with. The gross proceeds from the issuance of such promissory note(s) shall be held in the Trust Account and used to fund the redemption of the Offering Shares in accordance with Section 9.2.

7. This Amendment was duly adopted in accordance with the provisions of Section 242 of the DGCL by written consent of stockholders holding the requisite number of shares required by statute given in accordance with and pursuant to Section 228 of the DGCL.

Signature on following page.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Vision Sensing Acquisition Corp has caused this Second Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate to be duly executed in its name and on its behalf by an authorized officer as of this 25th day of October, 2023.

Exhibit 10.1

AMENDMENT NO. 2 TO INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT TRUST AGREEMENT

THIS AMENDMENT NO. 2 TO THE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT TRUST AGREEMENT (this “Amendment”) is made as of October 25, 2023, by and between Vision Sensing Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, a New York corporation (the “Trustee”). Capitalized terms contained in this Amendment, but not specifically defined in this Amendment, shall have the meanings ascribed to such terms in the Original Agreement (as defined below).

WHEREAS, on November 3, 2021, the Company consummated its initial public offering of units of the Company (the “Units”), each of which is composed of one share of Class A common stock of the Company, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Class A Common Stock”), and three quarters of one redeemable warrant, each whole warrant entitling the holder thereof to purchase one share of Class A Common Stock of the Company (such initial public offering hereinafter referred to as the “Offering”);

WHEREAS, $102,718,000 of the gross proceeds of the Offering and sale of the private placement Units were delivered to the Trustee to be deposited and held in the segregated Trust Account located in the United States for the benefit of the Company and the holders of shares of Class A Common Stock included in the Units issued in the Offering pursuant to the Investment Management Trust Agreement made effective as of November 1, 2021, by and between the Company and the Trustee (as amended by Amendment No. 1 thereto dated May 1, 2023, the “Original Agreement”);

WHEREAS, the Company has sought the approval of the holders of its Class A Common Stock and holders of its Class B Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Class B Common Stock”), at a Special Meeting to: (i) extend the date before which the Company must complete a business combination from November 3, 2023 to May 3, 2024 (or such earlier date after November 3, 2023 as determined by the Company’s board of directors) (the “Extension Amendment”) and (ii) extend the date on which the Trustee must liquidate the Trust Account if the Company has not completed its initial business combination from November 3, 2023 to May 3, 2024 (or such earlier date after November 3, 2023 as determined by the Company’s board of directors) (the “Trust Amendment”);

WHEREAS, holders of 65% of the then issued and outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock, voting together as a single class, approved the Extension Amendment, and the Trust Amendment; and

WHEREAS, the parties desire to amend the Original Agreement to, among other things, reflect amendments to the Original Agreement contemplated by the Trust Amendment.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual agreements contained herein and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, and intending to be legally bound hereby, the parties hereto agree as follows:

1. Amendments to Trust Agreement.

(a) The third recital of the Original Agreement is hereby amended and restated to read in its entirety as follows:

WHEREAS, if a Business Combination (as defined herein) is not consummated by November 3, 2023, upon the request of the Company’s sponsor (the “Sponsor”), the Company may extend such period by up to six extensions with each extension being one month (each an “Extension”) for up to a maximum of six months in the aggregate for all of the Extensions, subject to the Sponsor or its affiliates or permitted designees depositing into the Trust Account no later than the last day of the previous Extension (or the first business day thereafter if such day is not a business day) (the “Applicable Deadline”) the lesser of (x) $60,000 or (y) $0.04 per share for each share of the Company’s Class A Common Stock that was included in the Units issued in the Offering and that remains outstanding as of the date of the end of the previous Extension, in exchange for which the Sponsor will receive a non-interest bearing, unsecured promissory note for each Extension payable upon consummation of a Business Combination;

(b) Exhibit E to the Original Agreement is hereby deleted and replaced with the new Exhibit E attached to this Amendment.

(c) Section 1(c) of the Original Agreement is hereby amended and restated to read in its entirety as follows:

(c) In a timely manner, upon the written instruction of the Company, (i) hold funds uninvested, (ii) hold funds in an interest-bearing bank demand deposit account, or (iii) invest and reinvest the Property in solely United States government securities within the meaning of Section 2(a)(16) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, having a maturity of 185 days or less, or in money market funds meeting the conditions of paragraphs (d)(1), (d)(2), (d)(3) and (d)(4) of Rule 2a-7 promulgated under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (or any successor rule), which invest only in direct U.S. government treasury obligations, as determined by the Company; the Trustee may not invest in any other securities or assets, it being understood that the Trust Account will earn no interest while account funds are uninvested awaiting the Company’s instructions hereunder and while invested or uninvested, the Trustee may earn bank credits or other consideration.

2. Miscellaneous Provisions.

(a) Successors. All the covenants and provisions of this Amendment by or for the benefit of the Company or the Trustee shall bind and inure to the benefit of their permitted respective successors and assigns.

(b) Severability. This Amendment shall be deemed severable, and the invalidity or unenforceability of any term or provision hereof shall not affect the validity or enforceability of this Amendment or of any other term or provision hereof. Furthermore, in lieu of any such invalid or unenforceable term or provision, the parties hereto intend that there shall be added as a part of this Amendment a provision as similar in terms to such invalid or unenforceable provision as may be possible and be valid and enforceable.

(c) Applicable Law. This Amendment shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, without giving effect to conflicts of law principles that would result in the application of the substantive laws of another jurisdiction.

(d) Jurisdiction and Venue. The parties hereto consent to the jurisdiction and venue of any state or federal court located in the City of New York, State of New York, for purposes of resolving any disputes hereunder. AS TO ANY CLAIM, CROSS-CLAIM OR COUNTERCLAIM IN ANY WAY RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT, EACH PARTY WAIVES THE RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY.

(e) Counterparts. This Amendment may be executed manually or electronically (such as by DocuSign®) in several original, PDF, photostatic, facsimile or other copy counterparts, each of which shall constitute an original, and together shall constitute but one instrument. A copy of this Amendment bearing the electronic signature or a PDF, facsimile, photostatic or other copy of the signature of a party hereto shall be as valid for all purposes as a copy of this Amendment bearing that party’s original manual signature.

(f) Effect of Headings. The section headings herein are for convenience only and are not part of this Amendment and shall not affect the interpretation thereof.

(g) Entire Agreement. The Original Agreement, as modified by this Amendment, constitutes the entire understanding of the parties and supersedes all prior agreements, understandings, arrangements, promises and commitments, whether written or oral, express or implied, relating to the subject matter hereof, and all such prior agreements, understandings, arrangements, promises and commitments are hereby canceled and terminated.

Signatures on following page.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amendment to be duly executed as of the date first above written.