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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 8-K

 

CURRENT REPORT

 

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

 

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): May 25, 2023

 

ATLAS LITHIUM CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Nevada   001-41552   39-2078861

(State or Other Jurisdiction

of Incorporation)

 

(Commission

File Number)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification Number)

 

Rua Bahia, 2463, Suite 205

Belo Horizonte, MG 30160-012, Brazil

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

 

(833) 661-7900

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

Not applicable

(Former address if changed since last report)

 

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (see General Instruction A.2. below):

 

Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)
   
Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)
   
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))
   
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c)

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of Each Class   Trading Symbol(s)   Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, $0.001 par value   ATLX   The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter). Emerging growth company ☐

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

 

 

 

 
 

 

Item 5.03. Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year

 

Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation

 

In connection with the various corporate actions disclosed in the Definitive Information Statement on Schedule 14C (the “Information Statement”) filed by Atlas Lithium Corporation (the “Company”) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on May 2, 2023, on May 25, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate of Change (the “Validated Certificate of Change") pursuant to Section 78.209 of the Nevada Revised Statutes (“NRS”) including a Certificate of Validation pursuant to NRS 78.0296, with the Nevada Secretary of State, in order to decrease the number of shares of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock and correspondingly decrease the number of authorized shares of Common Stock, each at a ratio of 1-for-750, retroactively effective as of December 20, 2022. On May 25, 2023, the Company also filed a Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation including a Certificate of Validation pursuant to NRS 78.0296, with the Nevada Secretary of State (collectively, the “Validated Certificate of Amendment”), increasing the number of shares of the Company’s authorized Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share, to Four Billion (4,000,000,000), retroactively effective as of December 20, 2022 immediately after the effectiveness of the Validated Certificate of Change. All corporate actions described in the Information Statement related to the Reverse Stock Split (as such term was defined in the Information Statement) were duly filed with the Nevada Secretary of State and retroactively effective as of December 20, 2022.

 

As contemplated in the Information Statement, on May 25, 2023, the Company also filed with the Nevada Secretary of State the Certificate of Withdrawal of Designation of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock and the Certificate of Withdrawal of Designation of the Series C Convertible Preferred (collectively, the “Certificates of Withdrawal”). The filings of the Certificates of Withdrawals were effective as of May 25, 2023.

 

Following the effectiveness of the actions described above and in accordance with the Information Statement disclosures, on May 25, 2023, the Company filed the Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (the “Articles”) to reduce the number of authorized shares of Common Stock of the Company to Two Hundred Million (200,000,000). Among other changes, the Articles update the exculpation and indemnification provisions to reflect current Nevada law, provide that the mandatory forum for adjudication of certain disputes will be the Eighth Judicial District Court in Clark County, Nevada, provide that the Company opts out of Nevada’s “combinations with interested stockholders” statutes, and permit distributions to stockholders that might otherwise be prohibited under the balance sheet test set forth in NRS 78.288(2)(b).

 

The foregoing description is only a summary and does not constitute a complete summary of all the provisions of the Validated Certificate of Change, the Validated Certificate of Amendment and the Articles and such description is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete text of the Validated Certificate of Change, the Validated Certificate of Amendment and the Articles, which are filed as Exhibits 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and are incorporated herein by reference.

 

Second Amended and Restated Bylaws

 

On May 25, 2023, the Company adopted the Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company (“A&R Bylaws”), effective as of such date. In line with the requirements of being a public company recently listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, the A&R Bylaws amend several aspects of the Company’s First Amended and Restated Bylaws, including among other things:

 

  adopting advance notice procedures and disclosure requirements for a stockholder nomination of directors and the submission of proposals for consideration at annual meetings of the stockholders of the Company;
     
  adopting a provision for the determination of the stockholders of record entitled to, among other matters, notice in connection with an annual or special meeting of the stockholders;
     
  revising the voting provisions to include rules regarding stockholders’ voting procedures, voting by proxy, the allocation of votes held by two or more persons, and the determination of election results by majority vote;
     
  assigning the chairman of the board, or others as applicable, duties including presiding over meetings of the stockholders, appointing inspectors of elections, and determining whether proposed nominations are in compliance with the A&R Bylaws;
     
  allowing meetings of the stockholders to be conducted through virtual communications;
     
  increasing the size of the board of directors to up to seven (7) directors;
     
  expanding the qualifications required for service on the board of directors;
     
  updating and describing in greater detail the powers and responsibilities of the board of directors of the Company, including board meeting requirements and the adequate notice of such meetings; and
     
  updating and describing in greater detail the roles and responsibilities of the officers of the company.

 

The foregoing description is only a summary and does not constitute a complete summary of all of the provisions of the A&R Bylaws, and such description is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete text of the A&R Bylaws which is filed as Exhibit 3.4 to this Form 8-K as an exhibit and incorporated herein by reference.

 

Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.

 

(d) Exhibits

 

Exhibit

No.

  Description
3.1   Certificate of Change Pursuant to NRS 78.209 and Certificate of Validation filed on May 25, 2023
3.2   Certificate of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation and Certificate of Validation filed on May 25, 2023
3.3   Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation filed on May 25, 2023
3.4   Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company
104   Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded with the Inline XRBL document).

 

 
 

 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

 

  ATLAS LITHIUM CORPORATION
     
Dated: May 26, 2023 By: /s/ Marc Fogassa
  Name: Marc Fogassa
  Title: Chief Executive Officer

 

 

 

EX-3.1 2 ex3-1.htm

 

Exhibit 3.1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EX-3.2 3 ex3-2.htm

 

Exhibit 3.2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EX-3.3 4 ex3-3.htm

 

Exhibit 3.3

 

AMENDED AND RESTATED

ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION

OF

ATLAS LITHIUM CORPORATION

 

ARTICLE I

NAME

 

The name of the Corporation is Atlas Lithium Corporation (the “Corporation”).

 

ARTICLE II

REGISTERED AGENT AND REGISTERED OFFICE

 

The Corporation may, from time to time, in the manner provided by law, change the registered agent and registered office within the State of Nevada. The Corporation may also maintain an office or offices for the conduct of its business, either within or without the State of Nevada.

 

ARTICLE III

PURPOSE

 

The Corporation may engage in any lawful act, activity or business for which corporations may be organized under the laws of the State of Nevada.

 

ARTICLE IV

CAPITAL STOCK

 

A. The total authorized capital stock of the Corporation shall consist of (i) Two Hundred Million (200,000,000) shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”), and (ii) Ten Million (10,000,000) shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Preferred Stock”).

 

B. Except as otherwise provided by the Nevada Revised Statutes (the “NRS”), a record holder of Common Stock shall be entitled to one vote for each share of Common Stock so held. No holder of Common Stock shall have the right to cumulate votes. The holders of Common Stock shall not have any conversion, redemption or preemptive rights. The holders of Common Stock shall be entitled to receive dividends when, as and if declared by the board of directors of the Corporation (the “Board of Directors”) out of assets legally available therefor. Upon the dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the Corporation, after payment or provision for payment of the debts and other liabilities of the Corporation and subject to the rights, if any, of the holders of any outstanding class or series of stock having a preference over or the right to participate with the Common Stock with respect to the distribution of assets of the Corporation upon such dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the Corporation, the holders of Common Stock shall be entitled to receive the remaining assets of the Corporation available for distribution to its stockholders ratably in proportion to the number of shares of Common Stock held.

 

Page 1 of 3
 

 

C. The capital stock of the Corporation, after consideration for the issuance thereof has been paid in money, property, or services, as the directors shall determine, shall not be subject to assessment to pay the debts of the Corporation, nor for any other purpose, no stock issued as fully paid shall ever be assessable or assessed, and these articles of incorporation shall not be amended in this respect.

 

D. The Board of Directors is hereby vested, to the fullest extent permitted under the NRS, with the authority to designate from time to time, by duly adopted resolution(s) and the filing with the Nevada Secretary of State of a corresponding certificate of designation, one or more series of the Preferred Stock, to fix the number of shares constituting such series and to prescribe the voting powers, designations, preferences, qualifications, limitations, restrictions and relative, participating, optional and other rights of such series. Any such resolution and certificate of designation prescribing a series of Preferred Stock must include a distinguishing designation for such series. Except as otherwise required by law, holders of any series of Preferred Stock shall be entitled to only such voting rights, if any, as shall expressly be granted thereto by the articles of incorporation, including the certificate of designation relating to such series of Preferred Stock, or the NRS. To the extent provided in the certificate of designation relating to a series of Preferred Stock, the board of directors may increase (but not above the total number of then authorized and undesignated shares of Preferred Stock) or decrease (but not below the number of shares of that series then outstanding) the number of shares of such series.

 

E. These Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended from time to time, include the terms of the Corporation’s (i) Series A Convertible Preferred Stock as set forth in the Certificate of Designation filed in the office of the Nevada Secretary of State on December 18, 2012, as Document No. 20120848339-10 and (ii) Series D Convertible Preferred Stock as set forth in the Certificate of Designation filed in the office of the Nevada Secretary of State on September 15, 2021, as Document No. 20211755558, as the same have been and may be further amended, corrected or restated from time to time, which certificates of designation, as so amended, corrected or restated, as applicable, are hereby incorporated herein by this reference until such certificate of designations are withdrawn in accordance with the NRS.

 

ARTICLE V

GOVERNING BOARD

 

The members of the governing board of the Corporation are styled as directors. The board of directors shall be elected in such manner as shall be provided in the bylaws of the Corporation. The number of directors may be changed from time to time in such manner as provided in the bylaws of the Corporation.

 

ARTICLE VI

EXCULPATION AND INDEMNIFICATION

 

A. The liability of directors and officers of the Corporation shall be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by the NRS. If the NRS is amended to further eliminate or limit or authorize corporate action to further eliminate or limit the liability of directors or officers, the liability of directors and officers of the Corporation shall be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by the NRS, as so amended from time to time.

 

Page 2 of 3
 

 

B. In addition to any other rights of indemnification permitted by the laws of the State of Nevada or as may be provided for by the Corporation in its bylaws or by agreement, the expenses of directors and officers incurred in defending a civil or criminal action, suit or proceeding, involving alleged acts or omissions of such directors or officers in their respective capacities as directors or officers of the Corporation must be paid by the Corporation or through insurance purchased and maintained by the Corporation or through other financial arrangements made by the Corporation, as they are incurred and in advance of the final disposition of the action, suit or proceeding, upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the director or officer to repay the amount if it is ultimately determined by a court of competent jurisdiction that he or she is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation.

 

C. Any repeal or modification of this Article VI approved by the stockholders of the Corporation shall be prospective only, and shall not adversely affect any limitation on the liability of a director or officer of the Corporation existing as of the time of such repeal or modification. In the event of any conflict between this Article and any other article of the Corporation’s articles of incorporation, the terms and provisions of this Article shall control.

 

ARTICLE VII

MANDATORY FORUM FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF DISPUTES

 

To the fullest extent permitted by law, and unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Eighth Judicial District Court of Clark County, Nevada, shall be the sole and exclusive forum for any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, administrative or investigative, and including any claim or counterclaim (each, an “Action”): (a) against the Corporation or any of its directors or officers that (i) asserts a cause of action under the laws of the United States, (ii) could be properly commenced in either a federal forum or a forum of the State of Nevada or any other state, and (iii) is brought by or in the name or on behalf of (A) the Corporation, (B) any stockholder of the Corporation, or (C) any subscriber for, or purchaser or offeree of, any shares of the capital stock or other securities of the Corporation; and (b) brought in the name or right of the Corporation or on its behalf that asserts a cause of action (i) for or based upon any breach of any fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation in such capacity to the Corporation or the Corporation’s stockholders, (ii) arising under, or to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of, any provision of the Corporation’s articles of incorporation or bylaws or the applicable provisions of the NRS (including, without limitation, NRS Chapters 75, 78 and 92A), or (iii) governed by the internal affairs doctrine. In the event that the Eighth Judicial District Court of Clark County, Nevada does not have jurisdiction over any such Action, then any other state district court located in the State of Nevada shall be the sole and exclusive forum for such Action and in the event that no state district court in the State of Nevada has jurisdiction over any such Action, then a federal court located within the State of Nevada shall be the sole and exclusive forum therefor.

 

ARTICLE VIII

INAPPLICABILITY OF NEVADA COMBINATIONS STATUTES

 

At such time, if any, as the Corporation becomes a “resident domestic corporation” (as defined in NRS 78.427), the Corporation shall not be subject to, or governed by, any of the provisions in NRS 78.411 to 78.444, inclusive, as amended from time to time, or any successor statutes.

 

ARTICLE IX

SPECIAL PROVISIONS REGARDING DISTRIBUTIONS

 

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the articles of incorporation or the bylaws of the corporation, the corporation is hereby specifically allowed to make any distribution that otherwise would be prohibited by NRS 78.288(2)(b).

 

*      *      *      *

 

Page 3 of 3

 

EX-3.4 5 ex3-4.htm

 

Exhibit 3.4

 

SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS

of

ATLAS LITHIUM CORPORATION

a Nevada corporation

 

ARTICLE I OFFICES

 

Section 1.1 Principal Office. The principal office and place of business of Atlas Lithium Corporation, a Nevada corporation (the “Corporation”) shall be at such location as is established from time to time by resolution of the board of directors of the Corporation (the “Board of Directors”).

 

Section 1.2 Other Offices. Other offices and places of business either within or without the State of Nevada may be established from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors or as the business of the Corporation may require. The street address of the Corporation’s registered agent is the registered office of the Corporation in Nevada.

 

ARTICLE II STOCKHOLDERS

 

Section 2.1 Annual Meeting. The annual meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation shall be held on such date and at such time as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors. At the annual meeting, directors shall be elected and any other business may be transacted as may be properly brought before the meeting pursuant to these Second Amended and Restated Bylaws (as amended from time to time, these “Bylaws”). Except as otherwise restricted by the articles of incorporation of the Corporation (as amended from time to time, the “Articles of Incorporation”) or applicable law, the Board of Directors may postpone, reschedule or cancel any annual meeting of stockholders.

 

Section 2.2 Special Meetings.

 

(a) Subject to any rights of stockholders set forth in the Articles of Incorporation, special meetings of the stockholders may be called only by the chairman of the board or the chief executive officer or, if there be no chairman of the board and no chief executive officer, by the president, and shall be called by the secretary upon the written request (which request shall state the purpose or purposes of the meeting) of at least a majority of the Board of Directors or the record holders of not less than a majority of the voting power of the Corporation’s capital stock entitled to vote in the election of directors. Except as otherwise restricted by the Articles of Incorporation or applicable law, the Board of Directors may postpone, reschedule or cancel any special meeting of stockholders.

 

(b) No business shall be acted upon at a special meeting of stockholders except as set forth in the notice of the meeting.

 

Section 2.3 Place of Meetings. Any meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation may be held at the Corporation’s registered office in the State of Nevada or at such other physical location in or out of the State of Nevada and the United States, or entirely or in part by any means of remote communication (as contemplated by Section 78.320 of the Nevada Revised Statutes (as amended form time to time, the “NRS”)), as may be designated in the notice of meeting. A waiver of notice signed by all stockholders entitled to vote thereat may designate any place for the holding of such meeting. The Board of Directors may, in its sole discretion, determine that any meeting of the stockholders shall be held by means of remote communications or other available technology in accordance with Section 2.14.

 

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Section 2.4 Notice of Meetings; Waiver of Notice.

 

(a) The chief executive officer, if any, the president, any vice president, the secretary, an assistant secretary or any other individual designated by the Board of Directors shall sign and deliver or cause to be delivered to the stockholders written notice of any stockholders’ meeting not less than ten (10) days, but not more than sixty (60) days, before the date of such meeting. The notice shall state the physical location (if any), date and time of the meeting, the means of remote communication, if any, by which the stockholders or the proxies thereof shall be deemed to be present and vote and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called. The notice shall be delivered in accordance with, and shall contain or be accompanied by such additional information as may be required by, the NRS, including, without limitation, NRS 78.379, 92A.120 or 92A.410. The Corporation may, but is not required to, give a separate written notice of a meeting of stockholders if the requirements for notice are otherwise satisfied in accordance with Nevada Revised Statutes 78.370(9).

 

(b) In the case of an annual meeting, subject to Section 2.13, any proper business may be presented for action, except that (i) if a proposed plan of merger, conversion or exchange is submitted to a vote, the notice of the meeting must state that the purpose, or one of the purposes, of the meeting is to consider the plan of merger, conversion or exchange and must contain or be accompanied by a copy or summary of the plan; and (ii) if a proposed action creating dissenter’s rights is to be submitted to a vote, the notice of the meeting must state that the stockholders are or may be entitled to assert dissenter’s rights under NRS 92A.300 to 92A.500, inclusive, and be accompanied by a copy of those sections.

 

(c) A copy of the notice shall be personally delivered or mailed postage prepaid to each stockholder of record at the address appearing on the records of the Corporation. Upon mailing, service of the notice is complete, and the time of the notice begins to run from the date upon which the notice is deposited in the mail. If the address of any stockholder does not appear upon the records of the Corporation or is incomplete, it will be sufficient to address any notice to such stockholder at the registered office of the Corporation. Notwithstanding the foregoing and in addition thereto, any notice to stockholders given by the Corporation pursuant to Chapters 78 or 92A of the NRS, the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws may be given pursuant to the forms of electronic transmission listed herein, if such forms of transmission are consented to in writing by the stockholder receiving such electronically transmitted notice and such consent is filed by the secretary in the corporate records. Notice shall be deemed given (i) by facsimile when directed to a number consented to by the stockholder to receive notice, (ii) by e-mail when directed to an e-mail address consented to by the stockholder to receive notice, (iii) by posting on an electronic network together with a separate notice to the stockholder of the specific posting on the later of the specific posting or the giving of the separate notice or (iv) by any other electronic transmission as consented to by and when directed to the stockholder. The stockholder consent necessary to permit electronic transmission to such stockholder shall be deemed revoked and of no force and effect if (A) the Corporation is unable to deliver by electronic transmission two consecutive notices given by the Corporation in accordance with the stockholder’s consent and (B) the inability to deliver by electronic transmission becomes known to the secretary, assistant secretary, transfer agent or other agent of the Corporation responsible for the giving of notice.

 

(d) The written certificate of an individual signing a notice of meeting, setting forth the substance of the notice or having a copy thereof attached thereto, the date the notice was mailed or personally delivered to the stockholders and the addresses to which the notice was mailed, shall be prima facie evidence of the manner and fact of giving such notice and, in the absence of fraud, an affidavit of the individual signing a notice of a meeting that the notice thereof has been given by a form of electronic transmission shall be prima facie evidence of the facts stated in the affidavit.

 

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(e) Any stockholder may waive notice of any meeting by a signed writing or by transmission of an electronic record, either before or after the meeting. Such waiver of notice shall be deemed the equivalent of the giving of such notice.

 

Section 2.5 Determination of Stockholders of Record.

 

(a) For the purpose of determining the stockholders entitled to (i) notice of and to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, (ii) receive payment of any distribution or the allotment of any rights, or (iii) exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which shall not be more than sixty (60) days nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting, if applicable.

 

(b) If stockholder action by written consent is permitted under the Articles of Incorporation and these Bylaws, the Board of Directors may adopt a resolution prescribing a date upon which the stockholders of record entitled to give written consent must be determined. The date set by the Board of Directors must not precede or be more than ten (10) days after the date the resolution setting such date is adopted by the Board of Directors. If the Board of Directors does not adopt a resolution setting a date upon which the stockholders of record entitled to give written consent must be determined, and:

 

(i) no prior action by the Board of Directors is required by the NRS, then the date shall be the first date on which a valid written consent is delivered to the Corporation in accordance with the NRS, the Articles of Incorporation and these Bylaws; or

 

(ii) prior action by the Board of Directors is required by the NRS, then the date shall be the close of business on the date that the Board of Directors adopts the resolution.

 

Section 2.6 Quorum; Adjourned Meetings.

 

(a) Unless the Articles of Incorporation provide for a different proportion, stockholders holding at least a majority of the voting power of the Corporation’s capital stock, represented in person or by proxy (regardless of whether the proxy has authority to vote on all matters), are necessary to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting. If, on any issue, voting by classes or series is required by the laws of the State of Nevada, the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws, at least a majority of the voting power, represented in person or by proxy (regardless of whether the proxy has authority to vote on all matters), within each such class or series is necessary to constitute a quorum of each such class or series.

 

(b) If a quorum is not represented, a majority of the voting power represented or the person presiding at the meeting may adjourn the meeting from time to time until a quorum shall be represented. At any such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be represented, any business may be transacted which might otherwise have been transacted at the adjourned meeting as originally called. When a stockholders’ meeting is adjourned to another time or place hereunder, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. However, if a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, notice of the adjourned meeting must be given to each stockholder of record as of the new record date. The stockholders present at a duly convened meeting at which a quorum is present may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the departure of enough stockholders to leave less than a quorum of the voting power.

 

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Section 2.7 Voting.

 

(a) Unless otherwise provided in the NRS, the Articles of Incorporation, or any resolution providing for the issuance of preferred stock adopted by the Board of Directors pursuant to authority expressly vested in it by the provisions of the Articles of Incorporation, each stockholder of record, or such stockholder’s duly authorized proxy, shall be entitled to one (1) vote for each share of voting stock standing registered in such stockholder’s name at the close of business on the record date or the date established by the Board of Directors in connection with stockholder action by written consent, as applicable.

 

(b) Except as otherwise provided in these Bylaws, all votes with respect to shares (including pledged shares) standing in the name of an individual at the close of business on the record date (or the date established by the Board of Directors in connection with stockholder action by written consent, as applicable) shall be cast only by that individual or such individual’s duly authorized proxy, but no such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after six months from its date, unless coupled with an interest, or unless the proxy provides for a longer period, which in no case shall exceed seven years from the date of its execution. A duly executed proxy shall be irrevocable if it states that it is irrevocable and if, and only so long as, it is coupled with an interest sufficient in law to support an irrevocable power. A stockholder may revoke any proxy that is not irrevocable, in the case of a meeting of stockholders, by attending the meeting and voting in person or by filing an instrument in writing revoking the proxy or another duly executed proxy bearing a later date with the secretary. With respect to shares held by a representative of the estate of a deceased stockholder, or a guardian, conservator, custodian or trustee, even though the shares do not stand in the name of such holder, votes may be cast by such holder upon proof of such representative capacity. In the case of shares under the control of a receiver, the receiver may vote such shares even though the shares do not stand of record in the name of the receiver but only if and to the extent that the order of a court of competent jurisdiction which appoints the receiver contains the authority to vote such shares. If shares stand of record in the name of a minor, votes may be cast by the duly appointed guardian of the estate of such minor only if such guardian has provided the Corporation with written proof of such appointment.

 

(c) With respect to shares standing of record in the name of another corporation, partnership, limited liability company or other legal entity on the record date, votes may be cast: (i) in the case of a corporation, by such individual as the bylaws of such other corporation prescribe, by such individual as may be appointed by resolution of the board of directors of such other corporation or by such individual (including, without limitation, the officer making the authorization) authorized in writing to do so by the chairman of the board, if any, the chief executive officer, if any, the president or any vice president of such corporation; and (ii) in the case of a partnership, limited liability company or other legal entity, by an individual representing such stockholder upon presentation to the Corporation of satisfactory evidence of his or her authority to do so.

 

(d) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in these Bylaws and except for the Corporation’s shares held in a fiduciary capacity, the Corporation shall not vote, directly or indirectly, shares of its own stock owned or held by it, and such shares shall not be counted in determining the total number of outstanding shares entitled to vote.

 

(e) Any holder of shares entitled to vote on any matter may cast a portion of the votes in favor of such matter and refrain from casting the remaining votes or cast the same against the proposal, except in the case of elections of directors. If such holder entitled to vote does vote any of such stockholder’s shares affirmatively and fails to specify the number of affirmative votes, it will be conclusively presumed that the holder is casting affirmative votes with respect to all shares held.

 

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(f) With respect to shares standing of record in the name of two or more persons, whether fiduciaries, members of a partnership, joint tenants, tenants in common, spouses as community property, tenants by the entirety, voting trustees or otherwise and shares held by two or more persons (including proxy holders) having the same fiduciary relationship in respect to the same shares, votes may be cast in the following manner:

 

(i) If only one person votes, the vote of such person binds all.

 

(ii) If more than one person casts votes, the act of the majority so voting binds all.

 

(iii) If more than one person casts votes, but the vote is evenly split on a particular matter, the votes shall be deemed cast proportionately, as split.

 

(g) If a quorum is present, unless the Articles of Incorporation, these Bylaws, the NRS, or other applicable law provide for a different proportion, action by the stockholders entitled to vote on a matter shall be determined by a majority of the votes cast.

 

Section 2.8 Proxies. At any meeting of stockholders, any holder of shares entitled to vote may designate, in a manner permitted by the laws of the State of Nevada, another person or persons to act as a proxy or proxies. If a stockholder designates two or more persons to act as proxies, then a majority of those persons present at a meeting has and may exercise all of the powers conferred by the stockholder or, if only one is present, then that one has and may exercise all of the powers conferred by the stockholder, unless the stockholder’s designation of proxy provides otherwise. Every proxy shall continue in full force and effect until its expiration or revocation in a manner permitted by the laws of the State of Nevada.

 

Section 2.9 Stockholder Action by Written Consent. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation may be taken without a meeting if, before or after the action, a written consent thereto is (a) signed by stockholders holding at least a majority of the voting power of the outstanding capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote on such action (except that if a greater proportion of the voting power would be required for such an action at a meeting, then that proportion of written consents is required), and (b) delivered to the Corporation by delivery to its registered office in the State of Nevada, its principal place of business, or an officer or agent of the Corporation having custody of the books in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded. Any such delivery made to the Corporation’s registered office shall be made by hand, overnight courier or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested. In no instance where action is duly and properly authorized by written consent need a meeting of stockholders be called or, unless otherwise required by applicable law or any certificate of designation relating to any series of Preferred Stock, notice given.

 

Section 2.10 Organization.

 

(a) Meetings of stockholders shall be presided over by the chairman of the board, or, in the absence of the chairman, by the vice chairman of the board, if any, or if there be no vice chairman or in the absence of the vice chairman, by the chief executive officer, if any, or if there be no chief executive officer or in the absence of the chief executive officer, by the president, or, in the absence of the president, or, in the absence of any of the foregoing persons, by a chairman designated by the Board of Directors, or by a chairman chosen at the meeting by the stockholders entitled to cast a majority of the votes which all stockholders present in person or by proxy are entitled to cast. The individual acting as chairman of the meeting may delegate any or all of his or her authority and responsibilities as such to any director or officer of the Corporation present in person at the meeting. The secretary, or in the absence of the secretary an assistant secretary, shall act as secretary of the meeting, but in the absence of the secretary and any assistant secretary the chairman of the meeting may appoint any person to act as secretary of the meeting. The order of business at each such meeting shall be as determined by the chairman of the meeting. The chairman of the meeting shall have the right and authority to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts and things as are necessary or desirable for the proper conduct of the meeting, including, without limitation, (i) the establishment of procedures for the maintenance of order and safety, (ii) limitation on participation in the meeting to stockholders of record of the Corporation, their duly authorized and constituted proxies and such other persons as the chairman of the meeting shall permit, (iii) limitation on the time allotted for consideration of each agenda item and for questions or comments by meeting participants, (iv) restrictions on entry to such meeting after the time prescribed for the commencement thereof and (v) the opening and closing of the voting polls. The Board of Directors, in its discretion, or the chairman of the meeting, in his or her discretion, may require that any votes cast at such meeting shall be cast by written ballot.

 

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(b) The chairman of the meeting may appoint one or more inspectors of elections. The inspector or inspectors may (i) ascertain the number of shares outstanding and the voting power of each; (ii) determine the number of shares represented at a meeting and the validity of proxies or ballots; (iii) count all votes and ballots; (iv) determine any challenges made to any determination made by the inspector(s); and (v) certify the determination of the number of shares represented at the meeting and the count of all votes and ballots.

 

(c) Only such persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section 2.12 shall be eligible to be elected at any meeting of stockholders of the Corporation to serve as directors and only such business shall be conducted at a meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section 2.12. If any proposed nomination or business was not made or proposed in compliance with Section 2.12 (including proper notice under Section 2.13 and including whether the stockholder or beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination or proposal is made solicited (or is part of a group which solicited) or did not so solicit, as the case may be, proxies in compliance with such stockholder’s representation pursuant to clause (a)(iv)(D) of Section 2.13), then the chairman of the meeting shall have the power to declare that such nomination shall be disregarded or that such proposed business shall not be transacted. If the stockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear at the annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation to present a nomination or proposed business, such nomination shall be disregarded and such proposed business shall not be transacted, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation. For purposes of this Section 2.10, to be considered a qualified representative of the stockholder, a person must be a duly authorized officer, manager or partner of such stockholder or authorized by a writing executed by such stockholder (or a reliable reproduction or electronic transmission of the writing) delivered to the Corporation prior to the making of such nomination or proposal at such meeting by such stockholder stating that such person is authorized to act for such stockholder as proxy at the meeting of stockholders.

 

Section 2.11 Consent to Meetings. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person objects at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called, noticed or convened and except that attendance at a meeting is not a waiver of any right to object to the consideration of matters not included in the notice, to the extent such notice is required, if such objection is expressly made at the time any such matters are presented at the meeting. Neither the business to be transacted at nor the purpose of any regular or special meeting of stockholders need be specified in any written waiver of notice or consent, except as otherwise provided in these Bylaws.

 

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Section 2.12 Director Nominations and Business Conducted at Meetings of Stockholders. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors of the Corporation and the proposal of business to be considered by the stockholders may be made at an annual meeting of stockholders (i) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or the chairman of the board or (ii) by any stockholder of the Corporation who is entitled to vote on such matter at the meeting, who complied with the notice procedures set forth in Section 2.13 and who was a stockholder of record at the time such notice is delivered to the secretary of the Corporation. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors may be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting (i) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or the chairman of the board or (ii) by any stockholder of the Corporation who is entitled to vote on such matter at the meeting, who complied with the notice procedures set forth in Section 2.13 and who was a stockholder of record at the time such notice is delivered to the secretary of the Corporation.

 

Section 2.13 Advance Notice of Director Nominations and Stockholder Proposals by Stockholders.

 

(a) For nominations or other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder and for nominations to be properly brought before a special meeting by a stockholder in each case pursuant to Section 2.12, the stockholder of record must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the secretary of the Corporation, and, in the case of business other than nominations, such other business must be a proper matter for stockholder action. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice shall be delivered to the secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the 90th day nor earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting; provided that in the event that the date of the annual meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 70 days after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so delivered not earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the 90th day prior to such annual meeting or the 10th day following the day on which public announcement (as defined below) of the date of such meeting is first made by the Corporation. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above. To be in proper form, the notice must be provided by a stockholder of record, must have complied in all respects with the requirements of Section 14 of the Exchange Act, including, without limitation, if applicable, the requirements of Rule 14a-19 (as such rule and regulations may be amended from time to time by the Securities and Exchange Commission, including any Securities and Exchange Commission Staff interpretations relating thereto) and must set forth:

 

(i) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or re-election as a director, (A) the name, age, business address and residence address of the individual subject to such nomination, (B) all other information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors, or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), (C) a description of all direct and indirect compensation and other material monetary agreements, arrangements and understandings during the past three years, and any other material relationships, between or among the stockholder giving the notice or the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made, and their respective affiliates and associates, or others acting in concert therewith, on the one hand, and the individual subject to such nomination, and his or her respective affiliates and associates, or others acting in concert therewith, on the other hand, including, without limitation, all information that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K promulgated under the Exchange Act if such stockholder or such beneficial owner, or any affiliate or associate thereof or person acting in concert therewith, were the “registrant” for purposes of such item and the individual subject to such nomination were a director or executive officer of such registrant; (d) a description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding (including, without limitation, with respect to any profit interests, options, hedging transactions, borrowed or loaned shares, or other derivative positions) that has been entered into as of the date of the notice by, or on behalf of, the stockholder or the beneficial owner, if any, or any of their respective affiliates and associates, or any other person acting in concert therewith, the effect or intent of which is to mitigate loss, manage risk or benefit from changes in the share price of any class or series of the Corporation’s capital stock, or to maintain, increase or decrease the voting power of the stockholder or the beneficial owner, if any, or any of their respective affiliates and associates, or any other person acting in concert therewith, with respect to shares of the Corporation (any such agreement, arrangement or understanding, a “Derivative Instrument”); and (e) such person’s written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected;

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(ii) as to any other business that the stockholder proposes to bring before the meeting, a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting, the text of the proposal or business (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration and in the event that such business includes a proposal to amend the Bylaws, the language of the proposed amendment), the reasons for conducting such business at the meeting and any substantial interest (within the meaning of Item 5 of Schedule 14A under the Exchange Act) in such business of such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made;

 

(iii) as to the stockholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made or the business is proposed: (A) the name and address of such stockholder, as they appear on the Corporation’s books, and the name and address of such beneficial owner, (B) the class and number of shares of stock of the Corporation which are owned of record by such stockholder and such beneficial owner as of the date of the notice, and a representation that the stockholder will notify the Corporation in writing within five business days after the record date for such meeting of the class and number of shares of stock of the Corporation owned of record by the stockholder and such beneficial owner as of the record date for the meeting, and (C) a representation that the stockholder intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to propose such nomination or business;

 

(iv) as to the stockholder giving the notice or, if the notice is given on behalf of a beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is made or the business is proposed, as to such beneficial owner, and if such stockholder or beneficial owner is an entity, as to each director, executive, managing member or control person of such entity (any such person, a “control person”): (A) the class and number of shares of stock of the Corporation which are beneficially owned (as defined below) by such stockholder or beneficial owner and by any control person as of the date of the notice, and a representation that the stockholder will notify the Corporation in writing within five business days after the record date for such meeting of the class and number of shares of stock of the Corporation beneficially owned by such stockholder or beneficial owner and by any control person as of the record date for the meeting, (B) a description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding with respect to the nomination or other business between or among such stockholder or beneficial owner or control person and any other person, including without limitation any agreements that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 5 or Item 6 of Exchange Act Schedule 13D (regardless of whether the requirement to file a Schedule 13D is applicable to the stockholder, beneficial owner or control person) and a representation that the stockholder will notify the Corporation in writing within five business days after the record date for such meeting of any such agreement, arrangement or understanding in effect as of the record date for the meeting, (C) a description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding (including any derivative or short positions, profit interests, options, hedging transactions, and borrowed or loaned shares) that has been entered into as of the date of the stockholder’s notice by, or on behalf of, such stockholder or beneficial owner and by any control person or any other person acting in concert with any of the foregoing, the effect or intent of which is to mitigate loss, manage risk or benefit from changes in the share price of any class of the Corporation’s stock, or maintain, increase or decrease the voting power of the stockholder or beneficial owner with respect to shares of stock of the Corporation, and a representation that the stockholder will notify the Corporation in writing within five business days after the record date for such meeting of any such agreement, arrangement or understanding in effect as of the record date for the meeting, (D) a representation whether the stockholder or the beneficial owner, if any, and any control person will engage in a solicitation with respect to the nomination or business and, if so, the name of each participant (as defined in Item 4 of Schedule 14A under the Exchange Act) in such solicitation and whether such person intends or is part of a group which intends to deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the Corporation’s outstanding stock required to approve or adopt the business to be proposed (in person or by proxy) by the stockholder; and

 

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(v) a certification that the stockholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner(s), if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made or the business is proposed, has or have complied with all applicable federal, state and other legal requirements in connection with such stockholder’s and/or each such beneficial owner’s acquisition of shares of capital stock or other securities of the Corporation and/or such stockholder’s and/or each such beneficial owner’s acts or omissions as a stockholder of the Corporation, including, without limitation, in connection with such nomination or proposal.

 

(b) If the stockholder, or the beneficial owner on whose behalf any such proposal or nomination is made, has delivered a notice of nomination or nominations, such stockholder or beneficial owner must certify to the corporation in writing, that it has complied with and will comply with the requirements of Rule 14a-19 promulgated under the Exchange Act, if applicable, and such stockholder or beneficial owner shall deliver, no later than five (5) business days prior to the annual meeting or any adjournment, rescheduling, postponement or other delay thereof, reasonable evidence that it has complied with such requirements.

 

(c) Notwithstanding anything in the preceding Section 2.13(a) to the contrary, in the event that the number of directors to be elected to the Board of Directors at an annual meeting is increased and there is no public announcement naming the nominees for election to the additional directorships at least 100 days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting, a stockholder’s notice required by Section 2.13(a) shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for election to the new directorships, if it shall be delivered to the secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such public announcement is first made by the Corporation.

 

(d) The Corporation may require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information as may reasonably be required by the Corporation to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as a director of the Corporation, including information relevant to a determination whether such proposed nominee can be considered an independent director, and a written representation and agreement of such person that such person (A) is not and will not become a party to, and is not and will not be bound by: (i) any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given any commitment or assurance to, any person as to how such individual, if elected as a director of the Corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question (a “Voting Commitment”) that has not be disclosed to the Corporation, or (ii) any Voting Commitment or other contractual arrangement or fiduciary capacity that could limit or interfere with such individual’s ability to comply, if elected as a director of the Corporation, with such individual’s fiduciary duties under applicable law, (B) is not and will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the Corporation with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement, indemnification or advancements in connection with any service, action or omission in his or her capacity as a director of the Corporation that has not been disclosed to the Corporation, (C) is not and will not become a party to any Derivative Instrument, and does not and will not acquire any short interest in any securities of the Corporation, in each case, that has not been disclosed to the Corporation, and (D) in his or her individual capacity and for and on behalf of any person on whose behalf the nomination is being made, will be in compliance, if elected as a director of the Corporation, and will comply with, applicable law and all applicable publicly disclosed corporate governance, business conduct, ethics, conflict of interest, confidentiality and stock ownership and trading policies and guidelines of the Corporation (and that, to evidence such individual’s undertaking and commitment to so comply, such individual will enter into all such agreements and instruments that the Corporation requires of each of its directors).

 

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(e) Except as otherwise provided by law, the Articles of Incorporation, or this Section 2.13, the chairman of the meeting shall have the power and duty to determine whether a nomination or any business proposed to be brought before the meeting was made or proposed, as the case may be, in accordance with the provisions set forth in this Section 2.13 and, if any proposed nomination or business is not in compliance with this Section 2.13, to declare that such defective nomination or business shall be disregarded and not be considered or transacted. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.13, if the stockholder (or a qualified representative of such stockholder) does not appear at the meeting of stockholders of the Corporation to present a nomination or business pursuant to this Section 2.13, such nomination or business shall be disregarded and such nomination or business shall not be considered or transacted.

 

(f) For purposes of Section 2.13(a), a “public announcement” shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press or a comparable national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Sections 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. For purposes of clause (a)(iv)(A) of this Section 2.13, shares shall be treated as “beneficially owned” by a person if the person beneficially owns such shares, directly or indirectly, for purposes of Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and Regulations 13D and 13G thereunder or has or shares pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or understanding (whether or not in writing): (i) the right to acquire such shares (whether such right is exercisable immediately or only after the passage of time or the fulfillment of a condition or both, in each case within 60 days of the stockholder or beneficial owner providing notice in accordance with Section 2.13), (ii) the right to vote such shares, alone or in concert with others and/or (iii) investment power with respect to such shares, including the power to dispose of, or to direct the disposition of, such shares.

 

(g) This Section 2.13 shall not apply to notice of a proposal to be made by a stockholder if the stockholder has notified the Corporation of his or her intention to present the proposal at an annual or special meeting only pursuant to and in compliance with Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act and such proposal has been included in a proxy statement that has been prepared by the Corporation to solicit proxies for such meeting.

 

(h) In the event that the notice or any other information or communications pursuant to any stockholder notice as required by this Section 2.13 is not, when provided, or thereafter ceases to be, true, correct and complete in all material respects (including omitting a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading), the stockholder, beneficial owner or director nominee, as the case may be, shall promptly notify the secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation and provide the information that is required to make such notice, information or communication true, correct, complete and not misleading. Such notification shall be delivered to or mailed and received by the secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than two (2) business days before the date of such meeting.

 

(i) The number of nominees a stockholder may nominate for election at the annual meeting or a special meeting at which directors are to be elected (or in the case of one or more stockholders giving the notice on behalf of a beneficial owner, the number of nominees such stockholders may collectively nominate for election at such meeting on behalf of such beneficial owner) shall not exceed the number of directors to be elected at such meeting.

 

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(j) If the stockholder does not provide the information required under clause (a)(iii)(B) and clauses (a)(iv)(A)-(C) of this Section 2.13 to the Corporation within the time frames specified herein, or if the stockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear at the annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation to present a nomination or proposed business, such nomination shall be disregarded and such proposed business shall not be transacted, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation. The chairman of the meeting shall have the power to determine whether notice of a nomination or of any business proposed to be brought before the meeting was properly made in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 2.13. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions hereof, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Act, and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth herein.

 

Section 2.14 Meetings Through Electronic Communications. Stockholders may participate in a meeting of the stockholders by any means of electronic communications, videoconferencing, teleconferencing or other available technology permitted under the NRS (including, without limitation, a telephone conference or similar method of communication by which all individuals participating in the meeting can hear each other) and utilized by the Corporation. If any such means are utilized, the Corporation shall, to the extent required under the NRS, implement reasonable measures to (a) verify the identity of each person participating through such means as a stockholder and (b) provide the stockholders a reasonable opportunity to participate in the meeting and to vote on matters submitted to the stockholders, including an opportunity to communicate, and to read or hear the proceedings of the meeting in a substantially concurrent manner with such proceedings. Participation in a meeting pursuant to this Section 2.14 constitutes presence in person at the meeting.

 

ARTICLE III DIRECTORS

 

Section 3.1 General Powers; Performance of Duties. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors, except as otherwise provided in Chapter 78 of the NRS or the Articles of Incorporation.

 

Section 3.2 Number, Tenure, and Qualifications.

 

(a) The Board of Directors shall consist of at least one (1) individual and not more than seven (7) individuals, with the number of directors within the foregoing fixed minimum and maximum established and changed from time to time solely by resolution adopted by the Board of Directors without amendment to these Bylaws or the Articles of Incorporation. Each director shall hold office until his or her successor shall be elected or appointed and qualified or until his or her earlier death, retirement, disqualification, resignation or removal. No reduction of the number of directors shall have the effect of removing any director prior to the expiration of his or her term of office. No provision of this Section 3.2 shall restrict the right of the Board of Directors to fill vacancies or the right of the stockholders to remove directors, each as provided in these Bylaws.

 

(b) No person shall qualify for service as a director of the Corporation if he or she is a party to any compensatory, payment or other financial agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the Corporation, or has received any such compensation or other payment from any person or entity other than the Corporation, in each case in connection with candidacy or service as a director of the Corporation; provided that agreements providing only for indemnification and/or reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses in connection with candidacy as a director (but not, for the avoidance of doubt, in connection with service as a director) and any pre-existing employment agreement a candidate has with his or her employer (not entered into in contemplation of the employer’s investment in the Corporation or such employee’s candidacy as a director), shall not be disqualifying under this provision.

 

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Section 3.3 Chairman of the Board. The Board of Directors shall elect a chairman of the board from the members of the Board of Directors, who shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors and stockholders at which he or she shall be present and shall have and may exercise such powers as may, from time to time, be assigned to him or her by the Board of Directors, these Bylaws or as provided by law.

 

Section 3.4 Vice Chairman of the Board. The Board of Directors may elect a vice chairman of the board from the members of the Board of Directors who shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors and stockholders at which he or she shall be present and the chairman is not present and shall have and may exercise such powers as may, from time to time, be assigned to him or her by the Board of Directors, these Bylaws or as provided by law.

 

Section 3.5 Removal and Resignation of Directors. Subject to any rights of the holders of preferred stock, if any, and except as otherwise provided in the NRS, any director may be removed from office with or without cause by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than two-thirds (2/3) of the voting power of the issued and outstanding stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors (voting as a single class) excluding stock entitled to vote only upon the happening of a fact or event unless such fact or event shall have occurred. In addition, the Board of Directors of the Corporation, by majority vote, may declare vacant the office of a director who has been (a) declared incompetent by an order of a court of competent jurisdiction, or (b) convicted of a felony. Any director may resign effective upon giving written notice, unless the notice specifies a later time for effectiveness of such resignation, to the chairman of the board, if any, the president or the secretary, or in the absence of all of them, any other officer of the Corporation.

 

Section 3.6 Vacancies; Newly Created Directorships. Subject to any rights of the holders of preferred stock, if any, any vacancies on the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation, retirement, disqualification, removal from office, or other cause, and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors, may be filled by a majority vote of the directors then in office or by a sole remaining director, in either case though less than a quorum, and the director(s) so chosen shall hold office for a term expiring at the next annual meeting of stockholders and when their successors are elected or appointed, at which the term of the class to which he or she has been elected expires, or until his or her earlier resignation or removal. When any Director shall give notice of resignation effective at a future date, the Board of Directors may fill such vacancy to take effect when such resignation shall become effective in accordance with the applicable laws of the State of Nevada. No decrease in the number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent directors.

 

Section 3.7 Annual and Regular Meetings. Unless otherwise determined by action of the Board of Directors, promptly after the annual meeting of the stockholders or any special meeting of the stockholders at which directors are elected (and within five (5) business days after such meeting if any individual first becomes a director by way of such election), the Board of Directors, including directors newly elected, if any, shall hold its annual meeting without call or notice other than this Section 3.7, to transact such business as the Board of Directors deems necessary or appropriate. The Board of Directors may provide by resolution the place, date, and hour for holding regular meetings between annual meetings, and if the Board of Directors so provides with respect to a regular meeting, notice of such regular meeting shall not be required.

 

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Section 3.8 Special Meetings. Subject to any rights of the holders of preferred stock, if any, and except as otherwise required by law, special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called only by the chairman of the board, if any, or if there be no chairman of the board, by the chief executive officer, if any, or by the president or the secretary, and shall be called by the chairman of the board, if any, the chief executive officer, if any, the president, or the secretary upon the request of at least a majority of the Board of Directors. If the chairman of the board, or if there be no chairman of the board, each of the chief executive officer, the president, and the secretary, fails for any reason to call such special meeting, a special meeting may be called by a notice signed by at least a majority of the Board of Directors.

 

Section 3.9 Place of Meetings. Any regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors may be held at such place as the Board of Directors, or in the absence of such designation, as the notice calling such meeting, may designate. A waiver of notice signed by the directors may designate any place for the holding of such meeting.

 

Section 3.10 Meetings Through Electronic Communications. Members of the Board of Directors or of any committee designated by the Board of Directors may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors or such committee by any means of electronic communications, videoconferencing, teleconferencing or other available technology permitted under the NRS (including, without limitation, a telephone conference or similar method of communication by which all individuals participating in the meeting can hear each other) and utilized by the Corporation. If any such means are utilized, the Corporation shall, to the extent required under the NRS, implement reasonable measures to (a) verify the identity of each person participating through such means as a director or member of the committee, as the case may be, and (b) provide the directors or members of the committee a reasonable opportunity to participate in the meeting and to vote on matters submitted to the directors or members of the committee, including an opportunity to communicate, and to read or hear the proceedings of the meeting in a substantially concurrent manner with such proceedings. Participation in a meeting pursuant to this Section 3.10 constitutes presence in person at the meeting.

 

Section 3.11 Notice of Meetings. Except as otherwise provided in Section 3.7, there shall be delivered to each director at the address appearing for him or her on the records of the Corporation, at least twenty-four (24) hours before the time of such meeting, a copy of a written notice of any meeting (i) by delivery of such notice personally, (ii) by mailing such notice postage prepaid, (iii) by facsimile, (iv) by overnight courier, or (v) by electronic transmission or electronic writing, including, without limitation, e-mail. If mailed to an address inside the United States, the notice shall be deemed delivered two (2) business days following the date the same is deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid. If mailed to an address outside the United States, the notice shall be deemed delivered four (4) business days following the date the same is deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid. If sent via overnight courier, the notice shall be deemed delivered the business day following the delivery of such notice to the courier. If sent via facsimile, the notice shall be deemed delivered upon sender’s receipt of confirmation of the successful transmission. If sent by electronic transmission (including, without limitation, e-mail), the notice shall be deemed delivered when directed to the e-mail address of the director appearing on the records of the Corporation and otherwise pursuant to the applicable provisions of NRS Chapter 75. If the address of any director is incomplete or does not appear upon the records of the Corporation it will be sufficient to address any notice to such director at the registered office of the Corporation. Any director may waive notice of any meeting, and the attendance of a director at a meeting and oral consent entered on the minutes of such meeting shall constitute waiver of notice of the meeting unless such director objects, prior to the transaction of any business, that the meeting was not lawfully called, noticed or convened. Attendance for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of business thereat because the meeting was not properly called or convened shall not constitute presence or a waiver of notice for purposes hereof.

 

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Section 3.12 Quorum; Adjourned Meetings.

 

(a) A majority of the directors in office, at a meeting duly assembled, is necessary to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business.

 

(b) At any meeting of the Board of Directors where a quorum is not present, a majority of those present may adjourn, from time to time, until a quorum is present, and no notice of such adjournment shall be required. At any adjourned meeting where a quorum is present, any business may be transacted which could have been transacted at the meeting originally called.

 

Section 3.13 Manner of Acting. The affirmative vote of a majority of the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present is the act of the Board of Directors. At all meetings of the Board of Directors, each director present shall have one vote.

 

Section 3.14 Action Without Meeting. Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting of the Board of Directors or of a committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if, before or after the action, a written consent thereto is signed by all of the members of the Board of Directors or the committee. The written consent may be signed manually or electronically (or by any other means then permitted under the NRS), and may be so signed in counterparts, including, without limitation, facsimile or email counterparts, and shall be filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee.

 

Section 3.15 Powers and Duties.

 

(a) Except as otherwise restricted by Chapter 78 of the NRS or the Articles of Incorporation, the Board of Directors has full control over the business and affairs of the Corporation. The Board of Directors may delegate any of its authority to manage, control or conduct the business of the Corporation to any standing or special committee, or to any officer or agent, and to appoint any persons to be agents of the Corporation with such powers, including the power to subdelegate, and upon such terms as it deems fit.

 

(b) The Board of Directors, in its discretion, or the chairman presiding at a meeting of stockholders, in his or her discretion, may submit any contract or act for approval or ratification at any annual meeting of the stockholders or any special meeting properly called and noticed for the purpose of considering any such contract or act, provided a quorum is present.

 

(c) The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by at least a majority of the Board of Directors, designate one or more committees, provided that each such committee must have at least one director of the Corporation as a member. Unless the articles of incorporation, the charter of the committee, or the resolutions designating the committee expressly require that all members of such committee be directors of the Corporation, the Board of Directors may appoint natural persons who are not directors of the Corporation to serve on such committee. The Board of Directors may designate one or more individuals as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he, she or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another individual to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. Subject to applicable law and to the extent provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors, any such committee shall have and may exercise all the powers of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation. Such committee or committees shall have such name or names as may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the Board of Directors. The committees shall keep regular minutes of their proceedings and report the same to the Board of Directors when required.

 

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Section 3.16 Compensation. The Board of Directors, without regard to personal interest, may establish the compensation of directors for services in any capacity. If the Board of Directors establishes the compensation of directors pursuant to this Section 3.16, such compensation is presumed to be fair to the Corporation unless proven unfair by a preponderance of the evidence.

 

Section 3.17 Organization. Meetings of the Board of Directors shall be presided over by the chairman of the board, or in the absence of the chairman of the board by the vice chairman, if any, or in his or her absence by a chairman chosen at the meeting. The secretary, or in the absence, of the secretary an assistant secretary, shall act as secretary of the meeting, but in the absence of the secretary and any assistant secretary, the chairman of the meeting may appoint any person to act as secretary of the meeting. The order of business at each such meeting shall be as determined by the chairman of the meeting.

 

ARTICLE IV OFFICERS

 

Section 4.1 Election. The Board of Directors shall elect or appoint a president, a secretary and a treasurer or the equivalents of such officers. Such officers shall serve until their respective successors are elected and appointed and shall qualify or until their earlier resignation or removal. The Board of Directors may from time to time, by resolution, elect or appoint such other officers and agents as it may deem advisable, who shall hold office at the pleasure of the Board of Directors, and shall have such powers and duties and be paid such compensation as may be directed by the Board of Directors. Any individual may hold two or more offices.

 

Section 4.2 Removal; Resignation. Any officer or agent elected or appointed by the Board of Directors may be removed by the Board of Directors with or without cause. Any officer may resign at any time upon written notice to the Corporation. Any such removal or resignation shall be subject to the rights, if any, of the respective parties under any contract between the Corporation and such officer or agent.

 

Section 4.3 Vacancies. Any vacancy in any office because of death, resignation, removal or otherwise may be filled by the Board of Directors for the unexpired portion of the term of such office.

 

Section 4.4 Chief Executive Officer. The Board of Directors may elect a chief executive officer who, subject to the supervision and control of the Board of Directors, shall have the ultimate responsibility for the management and control of the business and affairs of the Corporation, and perform such other duties and have such other powers which are delegated to him or her by the Board of Directors, these Bylaws or as provided by law.

 

Section 4.5 President. The president, subject to the supervision and control of the Board of Directors, shall in general actively supervise and control the business and affairs of the Corporation. The president shall keep the Board of Directors fully informed as the Board of Directors may request and shall consult the Board of Directors concerning the business of the Corporation. The president shall perform such other duties and have such other powers which are delegated and assigned to him or her by the Board of Directors, the chief executive officer, if any, these Bylaws or as provided by law. The president shall be the chief executive officer of the Corporation unless the Board of Directors shall elect or appoint different individuals to hold such positions.

 

Section 4.6 Vice Presidents. The Board of Directors may elect one or more vice presidents. In the absence or disability of the president, or at the president’s request, the vice president or vice presidents, in order of their rank as fixed by the Board of Directors, and if not ranked, the vice presidents in the order designated by the Board of Directors, or in the absence of such designation, in the order designated by the president, shall perform all of the duties of the president, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of, and be subject to all the restrictions on the president. Each vice president shall perform such other duties and have such other powers which are delegated and assigned to him or her by the Board of Directors, the president, these Bylaws or as provided by law.

 

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Section 4.7 Secretary. The secretary shall attend all meetings of the stockholders, the Board of Directors and any committees thereof, and shall keep, or cause to be kept, the minutes of proceedings thereof in books provided for that purpose. He or she shall keep, or cause to be kept, a register of the stockholders of the Corporation and shall be responsible for the giving of notice of meetings of the stockholders, the Board of Directors and any committees, and shall see that all notices are duly given in accordance with the provisions of these Bylaws or as required by law. The secretary shall be custodian of the corporate seal, if any, the records of the Corporation, the stock certificate books, transfer books and stock ledgers, and such other books and papers as the Board of Directors or any appropriate committee may direct. The secretary shall perform all other duties commonly incident to his or her office and shall perform such other duties which are assigned to him or her by the Board of Directors, the chief executive officer, if any, the president, these Bylaws or as provided by law.

 

Section 4.8 Assistant Secretaries. An assistant secretary shall, at the request of the secretary, or in the absence or disability of the secretary, perform all the duties of the secretary. He or she shall perform such other duties as are assigned to him or her by the Board of Directors, the chief executive officer, if any, the president, these Bylaws or as provided by law.

 

Section 4.9 Treasurer. The treasurer, subject to the order of the Board of Directors, shall have the care and custody of, and be responsible for, all of the money, funds, securities, receipts and valuable papers, documents and instruments of the Corporation, and all books and records relating thereto. The treasurer shall keep, or cause to be kept, full and accurate books of accounts of the Corporation’s transactions, which shall be the property of the Corporation, and shall render financial reports and statements of condition of the Corporation when so requested by the Board of Directors, the chairman of the board, if any, the chief executive officer, if any, or the president. The treasurer shall perform all other duties commonly incident to his or her office and such other duties as may, from time to time, be assigned to him or her by the Board of Directors, the chief executive officer, if any, the president, these Bylaws or as provided by law. The treasurer shall, if required by the Board of Directors, give bond to the Corporation in such sum and with such security as shall be approved by the Board of Directors for the faithful performance of all the duties of the treasurer and for restoration to the Corporation, in the event of the treasurer’s death, resignation, retirement or removal from office, of all books, records, papers, vouchers, money and other property in the treasurer’s custody or control and belonging to the Corporation. The expense of such bond shall be borne by the Corporation. If a chief financial officer of the Corporation has not been appointed, the treasurer may be deemed the chief financial officer of the Corporation.

 

Section 4.10 Assistant Treasurers. An assistant treasurer shall, at the request of the treasurer, or in the absence or disability of the treasurer, perform all the duties of the treasurer. He or she shall perform such other duties which are assigned to him or her by the Board of Directors, the chief executive officer, if any, the president, the treasurer, these Bylaws or as provided by law. The Board of Directors may require an assistant treasurer to give a bond to the Corporation in such sum and with such security as it may approve, for the faithful performance of the duties of the assistant treasurer, and for restoration to the Corporation, in the event of the assistant treasurer’s death, resignation, retirement or removal from office, of all books, records, papers, vouchers, money and other property in the assistant treasurer’s custody or control and belonging to the Corporation. The expense of such bond shall be borne by the Corporation.

 

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Section 4.11 Execution of Negotiable Instruments, Deeds and Contracts. All (i) checks, drafts, notes, bonds, bills of exchange, and orders for the payment of money of the Corporation, (ii) deeds, mortgages, proxies, powers of attorney and other written contracts, documents, instruments and agreements to which the Corporation shall be a party and (iii) assignments or endorsements of stock certificates, registered bonds or other securities owned by the Corporation shall be signed in the name of the Corporation by such officers or other persons as the Board of Directors may from time to time designate. The Board of Directors may authorize the use of the facsimile signatures of any such persons. Any officer of the Corporation shall be authorized to attend, act and vote, or designate another officer or an agent of the Corporation to attend, act and vote, at any meeting of the owners of any entity in which the Corporation may own an interest or to take action by written consent in lieu thereof. Such officer or agent, at any such meeting or by such written action, shall possess and may exercise on behalf of the Corporation any and all rights and powers incident to the ownership of such interest.

 

Section 4.12 Salaries. Salaries or other compensation of the officers of the Corporation shall be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors, except that the Board of Directors may delegate to any person or group of persons the power to fix the salaries or other compensation of any subordinate officers or agents. No officer shall be prevented from receiving any such salary or compensation in his or her capacity as an officer by reason of the fact that he or she is also a director of the Corporation.

 

ARTICLE V CAPITAL STOCK

 

Section 5.1 Issuance. Shares of the Corporation’s authorized capital stock shall, subject to any provisions or limitations of the laws of the State of Nevada, the Articles of Incorporation or any contracts or agreements to which the Corporation may be a party, be issued in such manner, at such times, upon such conditions and for such consideration as shall be prescribed by the Board of Directors.

 

Section 5.2 Stock Certificates and Uncertificated Shares.

 

(a) Every holder of stock in the Corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate signed by or in the name of the Corporation by (i) the chief executive officer, if any, the president, or a vice president, and (ii) the secretary, an assistant secretary, the treasurer or the chief financial officer, if any, of the Corporation (or any other two officers or agents so authorized by the Board of Directors), certifying the number of shares of stock owned by him, her or it in the Corporation; provided that the Board of Directors may authorize the issuance of uncertificated shares of some or all of any or all classes or series of the Corporation’s stock. Any such issuance of uncertificated shares shall have no effect on existing certificates for shares until such certificates are surrendered to the Corporation, or on the respective rights and obligations of the stockholders. Whenever any such certificate is countersigned or otherwise authenticated by a transfer agent or a transfer clerk and by a registrar (other than the Corporation), then a facsimile of the signatures of any corporate officers or agents, the transfer agent, transfer clerk or the registrar of the Corporation may be printed or lithographed upon the certificate in lieu of the actual signatures. In the event that any officer or officers who have signed, or whose facsimile signatures have been used on any certificate or certificates for stock cease to be an officer or officers because of death, resignation or other reason, before the certificate or certificates for stock have been delivered by the Corporation, the certificate or certificates may nevertheless be adopted by the Corporation and be issued and delivered as though the person or persons who signed the certificate or certificates, or whose facsimile signature or signatures have been used thereon, had not ceased to be an officer or officers of the Corporation.

 

(b) Within a reasonable time after the issuance or transfer of uncertificated shares, the Corporation shall send to the registered owner thereof a written statement certifying the number and class (and the designation of the series, if any) of the shares owned by such stockholder in the Corporation and any restrictions on the transfer or registration of such shares imposed by applicable law, the Articles of Incorporation, these Bylaws, any agreement among stockholders or any agreement between the stockholders and the Corporation, and, at least annually thereafter, the Corporation shall provide to such stockholders of record holding uncertificated shares, a written statement confirming the information contained in such written statement previously sent. Except as otherwise expressly provided by the NRS, the rights and obligations of the stockholders of the Corporation shall be identical whether or not their shares of stock are represented by certificates.

 

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(c) Each certificate representing shares shall state the following upon the face thereof: the name of the state of the Corporation’s organization; the name of the person to whom issued; the number and class of shares and the designation of the series, if any, which such certificate represents; the par value of each share, if any, represented by such certificate or a statement that the shares are without par value. Certificates of stock shall be in such form consistent with law as shall be prescribed by the Board of Directors. No certificate shall be issued until the shares represented thereby are fully paid. In addition to the foregoing, all certificates evidencing shares of the Corporation’s stock or other securities issued by the Corporation shall contain such legend or legends as may from time to time be required by the NRS or such other federal, state or local laws or regulations then in effect.

 

Section 5.3 Surrendered; Lost or Destroyed Certificates. All certificates surrendered to the Corporation, except those representing shares of treasury stock, shall be canceled and no new certificate shall be issued until the former certificate for a like number of shares shall have been canceled, except that in case of a lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated certificate, a new one may be issued therefor. However, any stockholder applying for the issuance of a stock certificate in lieu of one alleged to have been lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated shall, prior to the issuance of a replacement, provide the Corporation with his, her or its affidavit of the facts surrounding the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation and, if required by the Board of Directors, an indemnity bond in an amount not less than twice the current market value of the stock, and upon such terms as the treasurer or the Board of Directors shall require which shall indemnify the Corporation against any loss, damage, cost or inconvenience arising as a consequence of the issuance of a replacement certificate.

 

Section 5.4 Replacement Certificate. When the Articles of Incorporation are amended in any way affecting the statements contained in the certificates for outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation or it becomes desirable for any reason, in the discretion of the Board of Directors, including, without limitation, the merger of the Corporation with another Corporation or the conversion or reorganization of the Corporation, to cancel any outstanding certificate for shares and issue a new certificate therefor conforming to the rights of the holder, the Board of Directors may order any holders of outstanding certificates for shares to surrender and exchange the same for new certificates within a reasonable time to be fixed by the Board of Directors. The order may provide that a holder of any certificate(s) ordered to be surrendered shall not be entitled to vote, receive distributions or exercise any other rights of stockholders of record until the holder has complied with the order, but the order operates to suspend such rights only after notice and until compliance.

 

Section 5.5 Transfer of Shares. No transfer of stock shall be valid as against the Corporation except on surrender and cancellation of any certificate(s) therefor accompanied by an assignment or transfer by the registered owner made either in person or under assignment. Whenever any transfer shall be expressly made for collateral security and not absolutely, the collateral nature of the transfer shall be reflected in the entry of transfer in the records of the Corporation.

 

Section 5.6 Transfer Agent; Registrars. The Board of Directors may appoint one or more transfer agents, transfer clerks and registrars of transfer and may require all certificates for shares of stock to bear the signature of such transfer agents, transfer clerks and/or registrars of transfer.

 

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Section 5.7 Miscellaneous. The Board of Directors shall have the power and authority to make such rules and regulations not inconsistent herewith as it may deem expedient concerning the issue, transfer, and registration of certificates for shares of the Corporation’s stock.

 

Section 5.8 Inapplicability of Controlling Interest Statutes. Notwithstanding any other provision in these Bylaws to the contrary, and in accordance with the provisions of NRS 78.378, the provisions of NRS 78.378 to 78.3793, inclusive, or any successor statutes, relating to acquisitions of controlling interests in the Corporation shall not apply to the Corporation or to any acquisition of any shares of the Corporation’s capital stock.

 

ARTICLE VI DISTRIBUTIONS

 

Distributions may be declared, subject to the provisions of the laws of the State of Nevada and the Articles of Incorporation, by the Board of Directors and may be paid in money, shares of corporate stock, property or any other medium not prohibited under applicable law. The Board of Directors may fix in advance a record date, in accordance with and as provided in Section 2.5, prior to the distribution for the purpose of determining stockholders entitled to receive any distribution.

 

ARTICLE VII RECORDS AND REPORTS; CORPORATE SEAL; FISCAL YEAR; LOANS

 

Section 7.1 Records. All original records of the Corporation, shall be kept at the principal office of the Corporation by or under the direction of the secretary or at such other place or by such other person as may be prescribed by these Bylaws or the Board of Directors.

 

Section 7.2 Corporate Seal. The Board of Directors may, by resolution, authorize a seal, and the seal may be used by causing it, or a facsimile, to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise. Except as otherwise specifically provided in these Bylaws, any officer of the Corporation shall have the authority to affix the seal to any document requiring it.

 

Section 7.3 Fiscal Year-End. The fiscal year-end of the Corporation shall be such date as may be fixed from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors.

 

Section 7.4 Loans. No loan or advance shall be contracted on behalf of the Corporation, no negotiable paper or other evidence of its obligation under any loan or advance shall be issued in its name, and no property of the Corporation shall be mortgaged, pledged, hypothecated or transferred as security for the payment of any loan, advance, indebtedness or liability of the Corporation unless and except as authorized by the Board of Directors. The authority of the Board of Directors may be general or confined to specific instances and the Board of Directors may delegate to a committee of the Board of Directors or to the officers of the Corporation the power to grant, administer, and determine the terms and condition of any loan, guaranty, or assistance to be made or given pursuant to a general authorization of the Board of Directors.

 

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ARTICLE VIII INDEMNIFICATION AND OTHER FEES

 

Section 8.1 Indemnification and Insurance.

 

(a) Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

 

(i) For purposes of this Article VIII, (A) “Indemnitee” shall mean each director or officer who was or is a party to, or is threatened to be made a party to, or is otherwise involved in, any Proceeding (as defined below), by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director, officer, employee or agent (including, without limitation, as a trustee, fiduciary, administrator or manager) of the Corporation or any predecessor entity thereof, or is or was serving in any capacity at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent (including, without limitation, as a trustee, fiduciary administrator, partner, member or manager) of, or in any other capacity for, another corporation or any partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, trust, or other enterprise; and (B) “Proceeding” shall mean any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit or proceeding (including, without limitation, an action, suit or proceeding by or in the right of the Corporation), whether civil, criminal, administrative, or investigative.

 

(ii) Each Indemnitee shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Corporation to the fullest extent permitted by the laws of the State of Nevada, against all expense, liability and loss (including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines, taxes, penalties, and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by the Indemnitee in connection with any Proceeding; provided that such Indemnitee either is not liable pursuant to NRS 78.138 or acted in good faith and in a manner such Indemnitee reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation and, with respect to any Proceeding that is criminal in nature, had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. The termination of any Proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, does not, of itself, create a presumption that the Indemnitee is liable pursuant to NRS 78.138 or did not act in good faith and in a manner in which he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, or that, with respect to any criminal proceeding he or she had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. The Corporation shall not indemnify an Indemnitee for any claim, issue or matter as to which the Indemnitee has been adjudged by a court of competent jurisdiction, after exhaustion of all appeals therefrom, to be liable to the Corporation or for any amounts paid in settlement to the Corporation, unless and only to the extent that the court in which the Proceeding was brought or other court of competent jurisdiction determines upon application that in view of all the circumstances of the case, the Indemnitee is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such amounts as the court deems proper. Except as so ordered by a court and for advancement of expenses pursuant to this Section 8.1, indemnification may not be made to or on behalf of an Indemnitee if a final adjudication establishes that his or her acts or omissions involved intentional misconduct, fraud or a knowing violation of law and was material to the cause of action. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in these Bylaws, no director or officer may be indemnified for expenses incurred in defending any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit or proceeding (including without limitation, an action, suit or proceeding by or in the right of the Corporation), whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, that such director or officer incurred in his or her capacity as a stockholder.

 

(iii) Indemnification pursuant to this Section 8.1 shall continue as to an Indemnitee who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or any predecessor entity thereof or a director, officer, employee, agent, partner, member, manager or fiduciary of, or to serve in any other capacity for, another corporation or any partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, trust, or other enterprise and shall inure to the benefit of his or her heirs, executors and administrators.

 

(iv) The expenses of Indemnitees must be paid by the Corporation or through insurance purchased and maintained by the Corporation or through other financial arrangements made by the Corporation, as such expenses are incurred and in advance of the final disposition of the Proceeding, upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such Indemnitee to repay the amount if it is ultimately determined by a court of competent jurisdiction that he or she is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation. To the extent that an Indemnitee is successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any Proceeding, or in the defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, the Corporation shall indemnify him or her against expenses, including attorneys’ fees, actually and reasonably incurred in by him or her in connection with the defense.

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(b) Indemnification of Employees and Other Persons. The Corporation may, by action of its Board of Directors and to the extent provided in such action, indemnify employees and other persons as though they were Indemnitees.

 

(c) Non-Exclusivity of Rights. The rights to indemnification provided in this Article VIII shall not be exclusive of any other rights that any person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws, agreement, vote of stockholders or directors, or otherwise.

 

(d) Insurance. The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance or make other financial arrangements on behalf of any Indemnitee for any liability asserted against him or her and liability and expenses incurred by him or her in his or her capacity as a director, officer, employee, member, managing member or agent, or arising out of his or her status as such, whether or not the Corporation has the authority to indemnify him or her against such liability and expenses.

 

(e) Other Financial Arrangements. The other financial arrangements which may be made by the Corporation may include the following (i) the creation of a trust fund; (ii) the establishment of a program of self-insurance; (iii) the securing of its obligation of indemnification by granting a security interest or other lien on any assets of the Corporation; and (iv) the establishment of a letter of credit, guarantee or surety. No financial arrangement made pursuant to this subsection may provide protection for a person adjudged by a court of competent jurisdiction, after exhaustion of all appeals therefrom, to be liable for intentional misconduct, fraud, or a knowing violation of law, except with respect to advancement of expenses or indemnification ordered by a court.

 

(f) Other Matters Relating to Insurance or Financial Arrangements. Any insurance or other financial arrangement made on behalf of a person pursuant to this Section 8.1 may be provided by the Corporation or any other person approved by the Board of Directors, even if all or part of the other person’s stock or other securities is owned by the Corporation. In the absence of fraud, (i) the decision of the Board of Directors as to the propriety of the terms and conditions of any insurance or other financial arrangement made pursuant to this Section 8.1 and the choice of the person to provide the insurance or other financial arrangement is conclusive; and (ii) the insurance or other financial arrangement is not void or voidable and does not subject any director approving it to personal liability for his action; even if a director approving the insurance or other financial arrangement is a beneficiary of the insurance or other financial arrangement.

 

Section 8.2 Amendment. The provisions of this Article VIII relating to indemnification shall constitute a contract between the Corporation and each of its directors and officers which may be modified as to any director or officer only with that person’s consent or as specifically provided in this Section 8.2. Notwithstanding any other provision of these Bylaws relating to their amendment generally, any repeal or amendment of this Article VIII which is adverse to any director or officer shall apply to such director or officer only on a prospective basis, and shall not limit the rights of an Indemnitee to indemnification with respect to any action or failure to act occurring prior to the time of such repeal or amendment. Notwithstanding any other provision of these Bylaws (including, without limitation, Article X), no repeal or amendment of these Bylaws shall affect any or all of this Article VIII so as to limit or reduce the indemnification in any manner unless adopted by (i) the unanimous vote of the directors of the Corporation then serving, or (ii) by the stockholders as set forth in Article X; provided that no such amendment shall have a retroactive effect inconsistent with the preceding sentence.

 

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Section 8.3 Other Fees. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, and except as otherwise provided in these Bylaws, in the event that (a) any current or prior stockholder of the Corporation or anyone on their behalf (“Claiming Party”) initiates or asserts any claim or counterclaim (“Claim”) or joins, offers assistance to, or has a direct interest in any Claim against the Corporation and/or any of its stockholders, officers, or directors (together, the Corporation and/or any of its stockholders, officers, or directors are henceforth called “Receiving Parties”), including any Claim purportedly filed on behalf of the Corporation or any stockholder, whether direct or derivative, in any jurisdiction, and (b) the Claiming Party (or the third party that received assistance from the Claiming Party or in whose Claim the Claiming Party had a direct interest) does not obtain a favorable judgment on the merits of its Claim, with such determination being made by the Board of Directors, by majority vote of a quorum consisting of directors who were not parties to the Claim, or by independent legal counsel in a written opinion if a majority vote of a quorum consisting of directors who were not parties to the Claim or a quorum consisting of directors who were not parties to the Claim cannot be obtained, then each Claiming Party shall be obligated jointly and severally to reimburse the Receiving Parties for all fees, costs and expenses of every kind and description (including, but not limited to, all attorneys’ fees) that the Receiving Parties may incur in connection with such Claim.

 

ARTICLE IX CHANGES IN NEVADA LAW

 

References in these Bylaws to the laws of the State of Nevada or the NRS or to any provision thereof shall be to such law as it existed on the date these Bylaws were adopted or as such law thereafter may be changed; provided that (i) in the case of any change which expands the liability of directors or officers or limits the indemnification rights or the rights to advancement of expenses which the Corporation may provide in Article VIII, the rights to limited liability, to indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in the Articles of Incorporation and/or these Bylaws shall continue as theretofore to the extent permitted by law; and (ii) if such change permits the Corporation, without the requirement of any further action by stockholders or directors, to limit further the liability of directors or limit the liability of officers or to provide broader indemnification rights or rights to the advancement of expenses than the Corporation was permitted to provide prior to such change, then liability thereupon shall be so limited and the rights to indemnification and the advancement of expenses shall be so broadened to the extent permitted by law.

 

ARTICLE X AMENDMENT OR REPEAL

 

In furtherance and not in limitation of the powers conferred by statute, the Board of Directors is expressly authorized to amend or repeal these Bylaws or to adopt new bylaws; provided that these Bylaws may be amended or repealed in any respect, and new bylaws may be adopted, in each case by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the outstanding voting power of the Corporation, voting together as a single class.

 

ARTICLE XI NOTICE AND CONSENT; SEVERABILITY

 

Section 11.01 Deemed Notice and Consent. To the fullest extent permitted by law, each and every natural person, corporation, general or limited partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust, association or any other entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest (of any nature whatsoever) in any shares of the capital stock of the Corporation shall be deemed, by reason of and from and after the time of such purchase or other acquisition, to have notice of and to have consented to all of the provisions of (a) these Bylaws (including this Article XI), (b) the Articles of Incorporation and (c) any amendment to these Bylaws or the Articles of Incorporation enacted or adopted in accordance with these Bylaws, the Articles of Incorporation and applicable law.

 

Section 11.02 Severability. If any provision or provisions of these Bylaws shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable as applied to any person or entity or circumstance for any reason whatsoever, then, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the validity, legality and enforceability of such provision or provisions in any other circumstance and of the remaining provisions of these Bylaws (including, without limitation, each portion of any paragraph of these Bylaws containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable that is not itself held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable) and the application of such provision or provisions to other persons, entities and circumstances shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

 

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CERTIFICATION

 

The undersigned, as the duly elected Secretary of Atlas Lithium Corporation, a Nevada corporation (the “Corporation”), does hereby certify that the Board of Directors of the Corporation adopted the foregoing Second Amended and Restated Bylaws as of May 25, 2023.

 

   
    , Secretary

 

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