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Nevada
(State or Other
Jurisdiction of Incorporation)
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001-35200
(Commission File Number)
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65-0955118
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
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Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)
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Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)
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Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))
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Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))
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Title of each class
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Trading symbol(s)
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Name of each exchange on which registered
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Common Stock, par value $0.000666 per share
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LODE
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NYSE AMERICAN
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10.1
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Assignment (portions of the exhibit have been omitted)
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10.2
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Investors’ Rights Agreement (portions of the exhibit have been omitted)
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10.3
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Voting Agreement (portions of the exhibit have been omitted)
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10.4
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Right of First Refusal and Co-Sale Agreement (portions of the exhibit have been omitted)
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10.5
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10.6
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99.1
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99.2
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104
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Cover page Interactive Data file (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
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COMSTOCK INC.
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Date: May 28, 2025
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By:
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/s/ Corrado De Gasperis
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Corrado De Gasperis
Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
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Exhibit 10.1
Certain identified information has been excluded from the exhibit because it is both not material and would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
ASSIGNMENT AND ASSUMPTION OF ASSETS
This Assignment and Assumption of Assets (this “Assignment”) is made and entered into on this 21st day of May, 2025, (the “Effective Date”) by and between the persons and entities listed on Schedule A attached hereto (the “Assignors”), and Bioleum Corporation, a Nevada corporation (“Assignee”).
WHEREAS, each Assignor is the owner of the Conveyed Assets (as defined herein); and
WHEREAS, in exchange for convertible preferred stock (the “CPS”) issued by the Assignee (with the number of shares and series and class designation of each shares of CPS to set forth opposite each Assignor’s name on Schedule A), each Assignor hereby agrees to assign all of its right, title, and interest in the Conveyed Assets to Assignee, and Assignee hereby agrees to assume from each Assignor all of such Assignor’s obligations and liabilities under or relating thereto; and
WHEREAS, in connection with acquisition of the CPS, each Assignor hereby agrees to execute and deliver the Investors’ Rights Agreement, the Voting Agreement, the Right of First Refusal and Co-Sale Agreement and the Investor Representations and Questionnaire in the forms attached hereto as Exhibit A, Exhibit B, Exhibit C and Exhibit D, respectively (the “Related Agreements”).
NOW, THEREFORE, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, and intending to be legally bound, the parties agree as follows:
1. Related Agreements. Each Assignor hereby agrees to execute and deliver the Related Agreements on the date hereof and each Assignor acknowledges and agrees that the issuance and delivery of the CPS to each Assignor shall be conditioned upon and subject to the execution and delivery of the Related Agreements by such Assignor.
2. Assignment. Each Assignor hereby assigns, sells, transfers, conveys, and delivers to Assignee all of its right, title, and interest in the tangible and intangible assets listed on Schedule B attached hereto (collectively, the “Conveyed Assets”):
3. Assumption. Assignee hereby accepts the assignment, sale, transfer, conveyance, and delivery of the Conveyed Assets. Assignee hereby assumes all obligations and liabilities of each Assignor with respect to the Conveyed Assets which arise or accrue on or after the Effective Date, and agrees to perform all obligations of each Assignor with respect to the Conveyed Assets which are to be performed or which become due on or after the Effective Date.
4. Indemnification. Each Assignor hereby agrees to indemnify, save, insure, pay, defend, and hold harmless Assignee from and against any and all liability, including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees and expenses and court costs, incurred by Assignee to the extent such liability results from any obligation, duty, undertaking, or liability relating to the Conveyed Assets that arose or accrued before the Effective Date. Assignee hereby agrees to indemnify, save, insure, pay, defend, and hold harmless each Assignor from and against any and all liability, including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees and expenses and court costs, incurred by each Assignor to the extent such liability results from any obligation, duty, undertaking, or liability relating to the Conveyed Assets that arises or accrues on or after the Effective Date.
5. Further Assurances. Each Assignor covenants with Assignee and Assignee covenants with each Assignor that each will execute or procure any additional documents necessary to establish the rights of the other hereunder.
6. Governing Law; Jurisdiction. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Nevada, without regard to its principles of conflicts of laws. ALL ACTIONS HEREUNDER MUST BE BROUGHT IN THE FEDERAL COURTS IN THE STATE OF NEVADA.WITHOUT REGARD TO ANY PRESENT OR FUTURE DOMICILE OR PRINCIPAL PLACE OF BUSINESS OF THE PARTIES. BY EXECUTION AND DELIVERY OF THIS AGREEMENT, EACH PARTY IRREVOCABLY SUBMITS TO THE JURISDICTION OF SUCH COURTS FOR ITSELF AND IN RESPECT OF ITS PROPERTY WITH RESPECT TO SUCH ACTION. THE PARTIES IRREVOCABLY AGREE THAT VENUE WOULD BE PROPER IN SUCH COURTS, AND HEREBY WAIVE ANY OBJECTION THAT SUCH COURT IS AN IMPROPER OR INCONVENIENT FORUM FOR THE RESOLUTION OF SUCH ACTION. THE PARTIES HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVE THE RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY ACTION TO ENFORCE OR INTERPRET THE PROVISIONS OF THIS AGREEMENT
7. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original but all of which together will constitute one and the same instrument.
8. Successors. This Assignment shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of Assignor, Assignee and their respective successors and assigns.
9. Severability. Any provision of this Agreement which is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, shall as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction.
10. Delivery by PDF and Facsimile. This Agreement and any amendments hereto, to the extent signed and delivered by means of portable document format (“PDF”) or a facsimile machine, shall be treated in all manner and respects as an original contract and shall be considered to have the same binding legal effects as if it were the original signed version thereof delivered in person. At the request of any Party hereto or to any such contract, each other Party hereto or thereto shall re-execute original forms thereof and deliver them to all other Parties. No Party hereto or to any such contract shall raise the use of PDF or a facsimile machine to deliver a signature or the fact that any signature or contract was transmitted or communicated through the use of PDF or a facsimile machine as a defense to the formation of a contract and each such Party forever waives any such defense.
[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.
SIGNATURE PAGES FOLLOW]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Assignors and Assignee have caused this Assignment to be executed effective as of the day first above written.
| ASSIGNORS: | |||
| TYPE ONE ASSET MANAGEMENT LLC | |||
| By: | /s/ Kevin Kreisler | ||
| Name: | Kevin Kreisler | ||
| Title: | Manager and Sole Member | ||
| GLOBAL CATALYTIC DISRUPTOR FUND LLC | |||
| By: | /s/ David Winsness | ||
| Name: | David Winsness | ||
| Title: | Manager and Sole Member | ||
| BOBBILI EQUITY HOLDINGS LLC | |||
| By: | /s/ Rahul Bobbili | ||
| Name: | Rahul Bobbili | ||
| Title: | Manager and Sole Member | ||
| EDP BIOLEUM LLC | |||
| By: | /s/ Chad Michael Black | ||
| Name: | Chad Michael Black | ||
| Title: | Manager and Sole Member | ||
| VISASHA HOLDINGS LLC | |||
| By: | /s/ Colby Korsun | ||
| Name: | Colby Korsun | ||
| Title: | Manager and Sole Member | ||
| THE DESIGN SHOP LLC | |||
| By: | /s/ Mike Riebel | ||
| Name: | Mike Riebel | ||
| Title: | Manager and Sole Member | ||
| COMSTOCK INNOVATIONS CORPORATION | |||
| By: | /s/ Corrado De Gasperis | ||
| Name: | Corrado De Gasperis | ||
| Title: | President | ||
Signature Page to Assignment and Assumption of Assets
| COMSTOCK IP HOLDINGS LLC | |||
| By: | /s/ Corrado De Gasperis | ||
| Name: | Corrado De Gasperis | ||
| Title: | President | ||
| COMSTOCK ENGINEERING CORPORATION | |||
| By: | /s/ Corrado De Gasperis | ||
| Name: | Corrado De Gasperis | ||
| Title: | President | ||
| COMSTOCK FUELS CORPORATION | |||
| By: | /s/ Corrado De Gasperis | ||
| Name: | Corrado De Gasperis | ||
| Title: | President | ||
| COMSTOCK FUELS OKLAHOMA LLC | |||
| By: | /s/ Kevin Kreisler | ||
| Name: | Kevin Kreisler | ||
| Title: | Manager | ||
| BIOLEUM PDC MADISON LLC | |||
| By: | /s/ Kevin Kreisler | ||
| Name: | Kevin Kreisler | ||
| Title: | Manager | ||
| MANA CORPORATION | |||
| By: | /s/ Chad Michael Black | ||
| Name: | Chad Black | ||
| Title: | President | ||
| /s/ Michael DeGasperis | ||
| Michael DeGasperis |
| /s/ Christopher Frey | ||
| Christopher Frey |
| /s/ Priyanka Parmar | ||
| Priyanka Parmar |
| /s/ Milton Riebel | ||
| Milton Riebel |
| /s/ Jordan Thut | ||
| Jordan Thut |
| ASSIGNEE: | |||
| BIOLEUM CORPORATION | |||
| By: | /s/ Corrado De Gasperis | ||
| Name: | Corrado De Gasperis | ||
| Title: | Executive Chairman & Chief Financial Officer | ||
Schedule A
Assignors
[Information has been omitted from the filed version of the exhibit.]
Schedule B
Conveyed Assets
[Information has been omitted from the filed version of the exhibit.]
Exhibit A
Investors’ Rights Agreement
Exhibit B
Voting Agreement
Exhibit C
Right of First Refusal and Co-Sale Agreement
Exhibit D
Investor Representations and Questionnaire
Exhibit 10.2
Certain identified information has been excluded from the exhibit because it is both not material and would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
INVESTORS’ RIGHTS AGREEMENT
THIS INVESTORS’ RIGHTS AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”), is made as of May 21, 2025, by and among Bioleum Corporation, a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), and the Investors (as defined below).
WHEREAS, the Company and the Investors are parties to that certain, assignment and assumption agreements and that certain Stock Purchase Agreement of even date herewith (the “Purchase Agreement”); and
WHEREAS, in order to induce the Company to enter into the Purchase Agreement and to induce the Investors to invest funds in the Company pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Investors and the Company hereby agree that this Agreement shall govern the rights of the Investors to cause the Company to register shares of Common Stock issuable to the Investors, to receive certain information from the Company, and to participate in future equity offerings by the Company, and shall govern certain other matters as set forth in this Agreement.
NOW, THEREFORE, the parties agree as follows:
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1. |
Definitions. For purposes of this Agreement: |
1.1 “Articles of Incorporation” means the Company’s Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended and/or restated from time to time.
1.2 “Affiliate” means, with respect to any specified Person, any other Person who, directly or indirectly, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with such Person, including, without limitation, any general partner, managing member, officer, director or trustee of such Person, or any venture capital fund or other investment fund now or hereafter existing that is controlled by one or more general partners, managing members or investment adviser of, or shares the same management company or investment adviser with, such Person.
1.3 “Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.
1.4 “Common Stock” means shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.000001 per share.
1.5 “Competitor” means a Person engaged, directly or indirectly (including through any partnership, limited liability company, corporation, joint venture or similar arrangement (whether now existing or formed hereafter)), in the development of advanced renewable biofuels, but shall not include any financial investment firm or collective investment vehicle that, together with its Affiliates, holds less than 20% of the outstanding equity of any Competitor and does not, nor do any of its Affiliates, have a right to designate any members of the board of directors of any Competitor.
1.6 “Damages” means any loss, damage, claim or liability (joint or several) to which a party hereto may become subject under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, or other federal or state law, insofar as such loss, damage, claim or liability (or any action in respect thereof) arises out of or is based upon: (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any registration statement of the Company, including any preliminary prospectus or final prospectus contained therein or any amendments or supplements thereto; (ii) an omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein, or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; or (iii) any violation or alleged violation by the indemnifying party (or any of its agents or Affiliates) of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, any state securities law, or any rule or regulation promulgated under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, or any state securities law.
1.7 “Deemed Liquidation Event” shall have the meaning ascribed to it in the Company’s Articles of Incorporation, as in effect on the date of this Agreement and regardless of the date on which such event occurs.
1.8 “Derivative Securities” means any securities or rights convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for (in each case, directly or indirectly), Common Stock, including options and warrants.
1.9 “DPA” means Section 721 of the Defense Production Act, as amended, including all implementing regulations thereof.
1.10 “DPA Triggering Rights” means (i) “control” (as defined in the DPA); (ii) access to any “material non-public technical information” (as defined in the DPA) in the possession of the Company; (iii) membership or observer rights on the Board of Directors or equivalent governing body of the Company or the right to nominate an individual to a position on the Board of Directors or equivalent governing body of the Company; (iv) any involvement, other than through the voting of shares, in substantive decision-making of the Company regarding (x) the use, development, acquisition or release of any Company “critical technology” (as defined in the DPA); (y) the use, development, acquisition, safekeeping, or release of “sensitive personal data” (as defined in the DPA) of U.S. citizens maintained or collected by the Company, or (z) the management, operation, manufacture, or supply of “covered investment critical infrastructure” (as defined in the DPA).
1.11 “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
1.12 “Excluded Registration” means (i) a registration relating to the sale or grant of securities to employees of the Company or a subsidiary pursuant to a stock option, stock purchase, equity incentive or similar plan; (ii) a registration relating to an SEC Rule 145 transaction; (iii) a registration on any form that does not include substantially the same information as would be required to be included in a registration statement covering the sale of the Registrable Securities; or (iv) a registration in which the only Common Stock being registered is Common Stock issuable upon conversion of debt securities that are also being registered.
1.13 “FOIA Party” means a Person that, in the reasonable determination of the Board of Directors, may be subject to, and thereby required to disclose non-public information furnished by or relating to the Company under, the Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. 552 (“FOIA”), any state public records access law, any state or other jurisdiction’s laws similar in intent or effect to FOIA, or any other similar statutory or regulatory requirement.
1.14 “Foreign Person” means either (i) a Person or government that is a “foreign person” within the meaning of the DPA or (ii) a Person through whose investment a “foreign person” within the meaning of the DPA would obtain any DPA Triggering Rights.
1.15 “Form S-1” means such form under the Securities Act as in effect on the date hereof or any successor registration form under the Securities Act subsequently adopted by the SEC.
1.16 “Form S-3” means such form under the Securities Act as in effect on the date hereof or any registration form under the Securities Act subsequently adopted by the SEC that permits forward incorporation of substantial information by reference to other documents filed by the Company with the SEC.
1.17 “GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States as in effect from time to time.
1.18 “Holder” means any holder of Registrable Securities who is a party to this Agreement.
1.19 “Immediate Family Member” means a child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, life partner or similar statutorily-recognized domestic partner, sibling, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law, including adoptive relationships of a natural person referred to herein.
1.20 “Initiating Holders” means, collectively, Holders who properly initiate a registration request under this Agreement.
1.21 “Investors” means the persons named on Schedule A hereto, each person to whom the rights of an Investor are assigned pursuant to Section 6.1, and each person who hereafter becomes a party to this Agreement pursuant to Section 6.9.
1.22 “IPO” means a Qualified IPO, as defined in the Articles of Incorporation.
1.23 “New Securities” means, collectively, equity securities of the Company, whether or not currently authorized, as well as rights, options, or warrants to purchase such equity securities, or securities of any type whatsoever that are, or may become, convertible or exchangeable into or exercisable for such equity securities.
1.24 “Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, trust, limited liability company, association, or other entity.
1.25 “Preferred Director” means any director of the Company that the holders of record of Preferred Stock are entitled to elect, exclusively and as a separate class, pursuant to the Articles of Incorporation.
1.26 “Preferred Stock” means, collectively, shares of the Company’s Series 1 Preferred Stock, Series 2 Preferred Stock, Series A-1 Preferred Stock and Series A Preferred Stock.
1.27 “Registrable Securities” means (i) the Common Stock issuable or issued upon conversion of the Preferred Stock; (ii) any Common Stock, or any Common Stock issued or issuable (directly or indirectly) upon conversion and/or exercise of any other securities of the Company, held by the Investors from time to time; and (iii) any Common Stock issued as (or issuable upon the conversion or exercise of any warrant, right, or other security that is issued as) a dividend or other distribution with respect to, or in exchange for or in replacement of, the shares referenced in clauses (i) and (ii) above; excluding in all cases (other than the restrictions on transfer and legend requirements in Section 2.12), however, any Registrable Securities sold by a Person in a transaction in which the applicable rights under this Agreement are not assigned pursuant to Section 6.1, and excluding for purposes of Section 2 any shares for which registration rights have terminated pursuant to Section 2.13.
1.28 “Registrable Securities then outstanding” means the number of shares determined by adding the number of shares of outstanding Common Stock that are Registrable Securities and the number of shares of Common Stock issuable (directly or indirectly) pursuant to then exercisable and/or convertible securities that are Registrable Securities.
1.29 “Requisite Preferred Director Vote” means the approval of the Board of Directors, including unanimous approval of the Preferred Directors then seated.
1.30 “Restricted Securities” means the securities of the Company required to be notated with the legend set forth in Section 2.12(b) hereof.
1.31 “Sanctioned Party” means any Person: (i) organized under the laws of, ordinarily resident in, or located in a country or territory that is the subject of comprehensive Sanctions (which as of the date of this Agreement comprise Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Syria, and the Crimea, Donetsk, and Luhansk regions of Ukraine (“Restricted Countries”)); (ii) 50% or more owned or controlled by the government of a Restricted Country; or (iii) (A) designated on a sanctioned parties list administered by the United States, including, without limitation, the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control’s Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List, Foreign Sanctions Evaders List, Sectoral Sanctions Identification List (collectively, “Designated Parties”); or (B) 50% or more owned or, where relevant under applicable Sanctions, controlled, individually or in the aggregate, by one or more Designated Party, in each case only to the extent that dealings with such Person is are prohibited pursuant to applicable Sanctions.
1.32 “Sanctions” means applicable laws and regulations pertaining to trade and economic sanctions administered by the United States.
1.33 “SEC” means the Securities and Exchange Commission.
1.34 “SEC Rule 144” means Rule 144 promulgated by the SEC under the Securities Act.
1.35 “SEC Rule 145” means Rule 145 promulgated by the SEC under the Securities Act.
1.36 “Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
1.37 “Selling Expenses” means all underwriting discounts, selling commissions, and stock transfer taxes applicable to the sale of Registrable Securities, and fees and disbursements of counsel for any Holder, except for the fees and disbursements of the Selling Holder Counsel borne and paid by the Company as provided in Section 2.6.
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2. |
Registration Rights. The Company covenants and agrees as follows: |
2.1 Demand Registration.
(a) Form S-1 Demand. If at any time starting 180 days after the effective date of the registration statement for the IPO, as applicable, the Company receives a request from Holders of a majority of the Registrable Securities then outstanding that the Company file a Form S-1 registration statement with respect to an offer and sale of the Registrable Securities then outstanding with an aggregate offering price of no less than $5,000,000, then the Company shall: (x) within ten days after the date such request is given, give notice thereof (the “Demand Notice”) to all Holders other than the Initiating Holders; and (y) as soon as practicable, and in any event within 60 days after the date such request is given by the Initiating Holders, file a Form S-1 registration statement under the Securities Act covering all Registrable Securities that the Initiating Holders requested to be registered and any additional Registrable Securities requested to be included in such registration by any other Holders, as specified by notice given by each such Holder to the Company within 20 days of the date the Demand Notice is given, and in each case, subject to the limitations of Sections 2.1(c) and 2.3; provided, however, that this right to request the filing of a Form S-1 registration statement shall in no event be made available to any Holder that is a Foreign Person.
(b) Form S-3 Demand. If at any time when it is eligible to use a Form S-3 registration statement, the Company receives a request from Holders of a majority of the Registrable Securities then outstanding that the Company file a Form S-3 registration statement with respect to outstanding Registrable Securities of such Holders having an anticipated aggregate offering price, net of Selling Expenses, of at least $5,000,000, then the Company shall (i) within ten days after the date such request is given, give a Demand Notice to all Holders other than the Initiating Holders; and (ii) as soon as practicable, and in any event within 45 days after the date such request is given by the Initiating Holders, file a Form S-3 registration statement under the Securities Act covering all Registrable Securities requested to be included in such registration by any other Holders, as specified by notice given by each such Holder to the Company within 20 days of the date the Demand Notice is given, and in each case, subject to the limitations of Sections 2.1(c) and 2.3.
(c) Notwithstanding the foregoing obligations, if the Company furnishes to Holders requesting a registration pursuant to this Section 2.1 a certificate signed by the Company’s chief executive officer stating that in the good faith judgment of the Board of Directors it would be materially detrimental to the Company for such registration statement to either become effective or remain effective for as long as such registration statement otherwise would be required to remain effective, because such action would (i) materially interfere with a significant acquisition, corporate reorganization, or other similar transaction involving the Company; (ii) require premature disclosure of material information that the Company has a bona fide business purpose for preserving as confidential; or (iii) render the Company unable to comply with requirements under the Securities Act or Exchange Act, then the Company shall have the right to defer taking action with respect to such filing for a period of not more than 60 days after the request of the Initiating Holders is given; provided, however, that the Company may not invoke this right more than twice in any 12-month period ; and provided further that the Company shall not register any securities for its own account or that of any other stockholder during such 60 day period other than an Excluded Registration.
(d) The Company shall not be obligated to effect, or to take any action to effect, any registration pursuant to Section 2.1(a), (i) during the period that is 60 days before the Company’s good faith estimate of the date of filing of, and ending on a date that is 180 days after the effective date of, a Company- initiated registration, provided that the Company is actively employing in good faith commercially reasonable efforts to cause such registration statement to become effective; (ii) after the Company has effected two registrations pursuant to Section 2.1(a); or (iii) if the Initiating Holders propose to dispose of shares of Registrable Securities that may be immediately registered on Form S-3 pursuant to a request made pursuant to Section 2.1(b). The Company shall not be obligated to effect, or to take any action to effect, any registration pursuant to Section 2.1(b), (i) during the period that is 30 days before the Company’s good faith estimate of the date of filing of, and ending on a date that is 90 days after the effective date of, a Company- initiated registration, provided that the Company is actively employing in good faith commercially reasonable efforts to cause such registration statement to become effective; or (ii) if the Company has effected two registrations pursuant to Section 2.1(b) within the 12-month period immediately preceding the date of such request. A registration shall not be counted as “effected” for purposes of this Section 2.1(d) until such time as the applicable registration statement has been declared effective by the SEC, unless the Initiating Holders withdraw their request for such registration, elect not to pay the registration expenses therefor, and forfeit their right to one demand registration statement pursuant to Section 2.6, in which case such withdrawn registration statement shall be counted as “effected” for purposes of this Section 2.1(d); provided, that if such withdrawal is during a period the Company has deferred taking action pursuant to Section 2.1(c), then the Initiating Holders may withdraw their request for registration and such registration will not be counted as “effected” for purposes of this Section 2.1(d).
2.2 Company Registration. If the Company proposes to register (including for this purpose a registration effected by the Company for stockholders other than the Holders) any of its Common Stock under the Securities Act in connection with the public offering of such securities solely for cash (other than in an Excluded Registration or a registration pursuant to Section 2.1), the Company shall, at such time, promptly give each Holder notice of such registration. Upon the request of each Holder given within 20 days after such notice is given by the Company, the Company shall, subject to the provisions of Section 2.3, cause to be registered all of the Registrable Securities that each such Holder has requested to be included in such registration. The Company shall have the right to terminate or withdraw any registration initiated by it under this Section 2.2 before the effective date of such registration, whether or not any Holder has elected to include Registrable Securities in such registration. The expenses (other than Selling Expenses) of such withdrawn registration shall be borne by the Company in accordance with Section 2.6.
2.3 Underwriting Requirements.
(a) If, pursuant to Section 2.1, the Initiating Holders intend to distribute the Registrable Securities covered by their request by means of an underwriting, they shall so advise the Company as a part of their request made pursuant to Section 2.1, and the Company shall include such information in the Demand Notice. The underwriter(s) will be selected by the Board of Directors and shall be reasonably acceptable to a majority in interest of the Initiating Holders. In such event, the right of any Holder to include such Holder’s Registrable Securities in such registration shall be conditioned upon such Holder’s participation in such underwriting and the inclusion of such Holder’s Registrable Securities in the underwriting to the extent provided herein. All Holders proposing to distribute their securities through such underwriting shall (together with the Company as provided in Section 2.4(e)) enter into an underwriting agreement in customary form with the underwriter(s) selected for such underwriting; provided, however, that no Holder (or any of their assignees) shall be required to make any representations, warranties or indemnities except as they relate to such Holder’s ownership of shares and authority to enter into the underwriting agreement and to such Holder’s intended method of distribution, and the liability of such Holder shall be several and not joint, and limited to an amount equal to the net proceeds from the offering received by such Holder. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 2.3, if the managing underwriter(s) advise(s) the Initiating Holders in writing that marketing factors require a limitation on the number of shares to be underwritten, then the Initiating Holders shall so advise all Holders of Registrable Securities that otherwise would be underwritten pursuant hereto, and the number of Registrable Securities that may be included in the underwriting shall be allocated among such Holders of Registrable Securities, including the Initiating Holders, in proportion (as nearly as practicable) to the number of Registrable Securities owned by each Holder or in such other proportion as shall mutually be agreed to by all such selling Holders; provided, however, that the number of Registrable Securities held by the Holders to be included in such underwriting shall not be reduced unless all other securities are first entirely excluded from the underwriting. To facilitate the allocation of shares in accordance with the above provisions, the Company or the underwriters may round the number of shares allocated to any Holder to the nearest 100 shares.
(b) In connection with any offering involving an underwriting of shares of the Company’s capital stock pursuant to Section 2.2, the Company shall not be required to include any of the Holders’ Registrable Securities in such underwriting unless the Holders accept the terms of the underwriting as agreed upon between the Company and its underwriters, and then only in such quantity as the underwriters in their sole discretion determine will not jeopardize the success of the offering by the Company. If the total number of securities, including Registrable Securities, requested by stockholders to be included in such offering exceeds the number of securities to be sold (other than by the Company) that the underwriters in their reasonable discretion determine is compatible with the success of the offering, then the Company shall be required to include in the offering only that number of such securities, including Registrable Securities, which the underwriters and the Company in their sole discretion determine will not jeopardize the success of the offering. If the underwriters determine that less than all of the Registrable Securities requested to be registered can be included in such offering, then the Registrable Securities that are included in such offering shall be allocated among the selling Holders in proportion (as nearly as practicable to) the number of Registrable Securities owned by each selling Holder or in such other proportions as shall mutually be agreed to by all such selling Holders. To facilitate the allocation of shares in accordance with the above provisions, the Company or the underwriters may round the number of shares allocated to any Holder to the nearest 100 shares. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event shall (i) the number of Registrable Securities included in the offering be reduced unless all other securities (other than securities to be sold by the Company) are first entirely excluded from the offering, or (ii) the number of Registrable Securities included in the offering be reduced below 20% of the total number of securities included in such offering, unless such offering is the IPO, in which case the selling Holders may be excluded further if the underwriters make the determination described above and no other stockholder’s securities are included in such offering. For purposes of the provision in this Section 2.3(b) concerning apportionment, for any selling Holder that is a partnership, limited liability company, or corporation, the partners, members, retired partners, retired members, stockholders, and Affiliates of such Holder, or the estates and Immediate Family Members of any such partners, retired partners, members, and retired members and any trusts for the benefit of any of the foregoing Persons, shall be deemed to be a single “selling Holder,” and any pro rata reduction with respect to such “selling Holder” shall be based upon the aggregate number of Registrable Securities owned by all Persons included in such “selling Holder,” as defined in this sentence.
(c) For purposes of Section 2.1, a registration shall not be counted as “effected” if, as a result of an exercise of the underwriter’s cutback provisions in Section 2.3(a), fewer than 50% of the total number of Registrable Securities that Holders have requested to be included in such registration statement are actually included.
2.4 Obligations of the Company. Whenever required under this Section 2 to effect the registration of any Registrable Securities, the Company shall, as expeditiously as reasonably possible:
(a) prepare and file with the SEC a registration statement with respect to such Registrable Securities and use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause such registration statement to become effective and, upon the request of the Holders of a majority of the Registrable Securities registered thereunder, keep such registration statement effective for a period of up to 120 days or, if earlier, until the distribution contemplated in the registration statement has been completed; provided, however, that (i) such 120-day period shall be extended for a period of time equal to the period the Holder refrains, at the request of an underwriter of Common Stock (or other securities) of the Company, from selling any securities included in such registration, and (ii) in the case of any registration of Registrable Securities on Form S-3 that are intended to be offered on a continuous or delayed basis, subject to compliance with applicable SEC rules, such 120-day period shall be extended for up to an additional 90 days, if necessary, to keep the registration statement effective until all such Registrable Securities are sold;
(b) prepare and file with the SEC such amendments and/or supplements to such registration statement, and the prospectus used in connection with such registration statement, as may be necessary to comply with the Securities Act in order to enable the disposition of all securities covered by such registration statement;
(c) furnish to the selling Holders such numbers of copies of a prospectus, including a preliminary prospectus, as required by the Securities Act, and such other documents as the Holders may reasonably request in order to facilitate their disposition of their Registrable Securities;
(d) use its commercially reasonable efforts to register and qualify the securities covered by such registration statement under such other securities or blue-sky laws of such jurisdictions as shall be reasonably requested by the selling Holders; provided that the Company shall not be required to qualify to do business or to file a general consent to service of process in any such states or jurisdictions, unless the Company is already subject to service in such jurisdiction and except as may be required by the Securities Act;
(e) in the event of any underwritten public offering, enter into and perform its obligations under an underwriting agreement, in usual and customary form, with the underwriter(s) of such offering;
(f) use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause all such Registrable Securities covered by such registration statement to be listed on a national securities exchange or trading system and each securities exchange and trading system (if any) on which similar securities issued by the Company are then listed;
(g) provide a transfer agent and registrar for all Registrable Securities registered pursuant to this Agreement and provide a CUSIP number for all such Registrable Securities, in each case not later than the effective date of such registration;
(h) promptly make available for inspection by the selling Holders, any managing underwriter(s) participating in any disposition pursuant to such registration statement, and any attorney or accountant or other agent retained by any such underwriter or selected by the selling Holders, all financial and other records, pertinent corporate documents, and properties of the Company, and cause the Company’s officers, directors, employees, and independent accountants to supply all information reasonably requested by any such seller, underwriter, attorney, accountant, or agent, in each case, as necessary or advisable to verify the accuracy of the information in such registration statement and to conduct appropriate due diligence in connection therewith;
(i) notify each selling Holder, promptly after the Company receives notice thereof, of the time when such registration statement has been declared effective or a supplement to any prospectus forming a part of such registration statement has been filed; and
(j) after such registration statement becomes effective, notify each selling Holder of any request by the SEC that the Company amend or supplement such registration statement or prospectus.
In addition, the Company shall ensure that, at all times after any registration statement covering a public offering of securities of the Company under the Securities Act shall have become effective, its insider trading policy shall provide that the Company’s directors may implement a trading program under Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act.
2.5 Furnish Information. It shall be a condition precedent to the obligations of the Company to take any action pursuant to this Section 2 with respect to the Registrable Securities of any selling Holder that such Holder shall furnish to the Company such information regarding itself, the Registrable Securities held by it, and the intended method of disposition of such securities as is reasonably required to effect the registration of such Holder’s Registrable Securities.
2.6 Expenses of Registration. All expenses (other than Selling Expenses) incurred in connection with registrations, filings, or qualifications pursuant to Section 2, including all registration, filing, and qualification fees; printers’ and accounting fees; fees and disbursements of counsel for the Company; and the reasonable fees and disbursements, not to exceed $50,000 per registration, of one counsel for the selling Holders selected by Holders of a majority of the Registrable Securities to be registered (“Selling Holder Counsel”), shall be borne and paid by the Company; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to pay for any expenses of any registration proceeding begun pursuant to Section 2.1 if the registration request is subsequently withdrawn at the request of the Holders of a majority of the Registrable Securities to be registered (in which case all selling Holders shall bear such expenses pro rata based upon the number of Registrable Securities that were to be included in the withdrawn registration), unless the Holders of a majority of the Registrable Securities agree to forfeit their right to one registration pursuant to Sections 2.1(a) or 2.1(b), as the case may be; provided further that if, at the time of such withdrawal, the Holders shall have learned of a material adverse change in the condition, business, or prospects of the Company from that known to the Holders at the time of their request and have withdrawn the request with reasonable promptness after learning of such information then the Holders shall not be required to pay any of such expenses and shall not forfeit their right to one registration pursuant to Sections 2.1(a) or 2.1(b). All Selling Expenses relating to Registrable Securities registered pursuant to this Section 2 (other than fees and disbursements of counsel to any Holder, other than the Selling Holder Counsel, which shall be borne solely by the Holder engaging such counsel) shall be borne and paid by the Holders pro rata on the basis of the number of Registrable Securities registered on their behalf.
2.7 Delay of Registration. No Holder shall have any right to obtain or seek an injunction restraining or otherwise delaying any registration pursuant to this Agreement as the result of any controversy that might arise with respect to the interpretation or implementation of this Section 2.
2.8 Indemnification. If any Registrable Securities are included in a registration statement under this Section 2 or in connection with an IPO:
(a) To the extent permitted by law, the Company will indemnify and hold harmless each selling Holder, and the partners, members, officers, directors, and stockholders of each such Holder; legal counsel and accountants for each such Holder; any underwriter (as defined in the Securities Act) for each such Holder; and each Person, if any, who controls such Holder or underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, against any Damages, and the Company will pay to each such Holder, underwriter, controlling Person, or other aforementioned Person any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred thereby in connection with investigating or defending any claim or proceeding from which Damages may result, as such expenses are incurred; provided, however, that the indemnity agreement contained in this Section 2.8(a) shall not apply to amounts paid in settlement of any such claim or proceeding if such settlement is effected without the consent of the Company, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned and/or delayed, nor shall the Company be liable for any Damages to the extent that they arise out of or are based upon actions or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished by or on behalf of any such Holder, underwriter, controlling Person, or other aforementioned Person expressly for use in connection with such registration except to the extent such information has been corrected in a subsequent writing at least one business day prior to the sale of Registrable Securities to the Person asserting the claim.
(b) To the extent permitted by law, each selling Holder, severally and not jointly, will indemnify and hold harmless the Company, and each of its directors, each of its officers who has signed the registration statement, each Person (if any), who controls the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act, legal counsel and accountants for the Company, any underwriter (as defined in the Securities Act), any other Holder selling securities in such registration statement, and any controlling Person of any such underwriter or other Holder, against any Damages, in each case only to the extent that such Damages arise out of or are based upon actions or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished by or on behalf of such selling Holder expressly for use in connection with such registration and that has not been corrected in a subsequent writing at least one business day prior to the sale of Registrable Securities to the Person asserting the claim; and each such selling Holder will pay to the Company and each other aforementioned Person any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred thereby in connection with investigating or defending any claim or proceeding from which Damages may result, as such expenses are incurred; provided, however, that the indemnity agreement contained in this Section 2.8(b) shall not apply to amounts paid in settlement of any such claim or proceeding if such settlement is effected without the consent of the Holder, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned and/or delayed; and provided further that in no event shall the aggregate amounts payable by any Holder by way of indemnity or contribution under Sections 2.8(b) and 2.8(d) exceed the proceeds from the offering received by such Holder (net of any Selling Expenses paid by such Holder), except in the case of fraud or willful misconduct by such Holder.
(c) Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under this Section 2.8 of notice of the commencement of any action (including any governmental action) for which a party may be entitled to indemnification hereunder, such indemnified party will, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against any indemnifying party under this Section 2.8, give the indemnifying party notice of the commencement thereof. The indemnifying party shall have the right to participate in such action and, to the extent the indemnifying party so desires, participate jointly with any other indemnifying party to which notice has been given, and to assume the defense thereof with counsel mutually satisfactory to the parties; provided, however, that an indemnified party (together with all other indemnified parties that may be represented without conflict by one counsel) shall have the right to retain one separate counsel, with the fees and expenses to be paid by the indemnifying party, if representation of such indemnified party by the counsel retained by the indemnifying party would be inappropriate due to actual or potential differing interests between such indemnified party and any other party represented by such counsel in such action. The failure to give notice to the indemnifying party within a reasonable time of the commencement of any such action shall relieve such indemnifying party of any liability to the indemnified party under this Section 2.8, only to the extent that such failure materially prejudices the indemnifying party’s ability to defend such action. The failure to give notice to the indemnifying party will not relieve it of any liability that it may have to any indemnified party otherwise than under this Section 2.8.
(d) To provide for just and equitable contribution to joint liability under the Securities Act in any case in which either: (i) any party otherwise entitled to indemnification hereunder makes a claim for indemnification pursuant to this Section 2.8 but it is judicially determined (by the entry of a final judgment or decree by a court of competent jurisdiction and the expiration of time to appeal or the denial of the last right of appeal) that such indemnification may not be enforced in such case, notwithstanding the fact that this Section 2.8 provides for indemnification in such case, or (ii) contribution under the Securities Act may be required on the part of any party hereto for which indemnification is provided under this Section 2.8, then, and in each such case, such parties will contribute to the aggregate losses, claims, damages, liabilities, or expenses to which they may be subject (after contribution from others) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative fault of each of the indemnifying party and the indemnified party in connection with the statements, omissions, or other actions that resulted in such loss, claim, damage, liability, or expense, as well as to reflect any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative fault of the indemnifying party and of the indemnified party shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or allegedly untrue statement of a material fact, or the omission or alleged omission of a material fact, relates to information supplied by the indemnifying party or by the indemnified party and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information, and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission; provided, however, that, in any such case (x) no Holder will be required to contribute any amount in excess of the public offering price of all such Registrable Securities offered and sold by such Holder pursuant to such registration statement, and (y) no Person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) will be entitled to contribution from any Person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation; and provided further that in no event shall a Holder’s liability pursuant to this Section 2.8(d), when combined with the amounts paid or payable by such Holder pursuant to Section 2.8(b), exceed the proceeds from the offering received by such Holder (net of any Selling Expenses paid by such Holder), except in the case of willful misconduct or fraud by such Holder.
(e) Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent that the provisions on indemnification and contribution contained in the underwriting agreement entered into in connection with the underwritten public offering are in conflict with the foregoing provisions, the provisions in the underwriting agreement shall control; provided, however, that any matter expressly provided for or addressed by the provisions of this Section 2.8 that is not expressly provided for or addressed by the underwriting agreement shall be controlled by the foregoing provisions.
(f) Unless otherwise superseded by an underwriting agreement entered into in connection with the underwritten public offering, the obligations of the Company and Holders under this Section 2.8 shall survive the completion of any offering of Registrable Securities in a registration under this Section 2, and otherwise shall survive the termination of this Agreement or any provision(s) of this Agreement.
2.9 Reports Under Exchange Act. With a view to making available to the Holders the benefits of SEC Rule 144 and any other rule or regulation of the SEC that may at any time permit a Holder to sell securities of the Company to the public without registration or pursuant to a registration on Form S-3, the Company shall:
(a) make and keep available adequate current public information, as those terms are understood and defined in SEC Rule 144, at all times after the effective date of the registration statement filed by the Company for the IPO;
(b) use commercially reasonable efforts to file with the SEC in a timely manner all reports and other documents required of the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act (at any time after the Company has become subject to such reporting requirements); and
(c) furnish to any Holder, so long as the Holder owns any Registrable Securities, forthwith upon request (i) to the extent accurate, a written statement by the Company that it has complied with the reporting requirements of SEC Rule 144 (at any time after 90 days after the effective date of the registration statement filed by the Company for the IPO), the Securities Act, and the Exchange Act (at any time after the Company has become subject to such reporting requirements), or that it qualifies as a registrant whose securities may be resold pursuant to Form S-3 (at any time after the Company so qualifies); (ii) a copy of the most recent annual or quarterly report of the Company and such other reports and documents so filed by the Company; and (iii) such other information as may be reasonably requested in availing any Holder of any rule or regulation of the SEC that permits the selling of any such securities without registration (at any time after the Company has become subject to the reporting requirements under the Exchange Act) or pursuant to Form S-3 (at any time after the Company so qualifies to use such form).
2.10 Limitations on Subsequent Registration Rights. From and after the date of this Agreement, the Company shall not, without the prior written consent of the Holders of a majority of the Registrable Securities then outstanding, enter into any agreement with any holder or prospective holder of any securities of the Company that would (i) allow such holder or prospective holder to include such securities in any registration unless, under the terms of such agreement, such holder or prospective holder may include such securities in any such registration only to the extent that the inclusion of such securities will not reduce the number of the Registrable Securities of the Holders that are included; or (ii) allow such holder or prospective holder to initiate a demand for registration of any securities held by such holder or prospective holder; provided that this limitation shall not apply to Registrable Securities acquired by any additional Investor that becomes a party to this Agreement in accordance with Section 6.9.
2.11 “Market Stand-off” Agreement. Each Holder hereby agrees that it will not, without the prior written consent of the managing underwriter, during the period commencing on the date of the final prospectus relating to the registration by the Company for its own behalf of shares of its Common Stock or any other equity securities under the Securities Act on a registration statement (other than an Excluded Registration) on Form S-1 or Form S-3, and ending on the date specified by the Company and the managing underwriter (such period not to exceed 270 days in the case of the IPO or 90 days in the case of any registration other than the IPO or, if the Company is not then an emerging growth company as defined in the applicable SEC regulations, such other period as may be requested by the Company or an underwriter to accommodate regulatory restrictions on (1) the publication or other distribution of research reports and (2) analyst recommendations and opinions, including, but not limited to, the restrictions contained in applicable FINRA rules, or any successor provisions or amendments thereto), (i) lend; offer; pledge; sell; contract to sell; sell any option or contract to purchase; purchase any option or contract to sell; grant any option, right, or warrant to purchase; or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable (directly or indirectly) for Common Stock held immediately before the effective date of the registration statement for such offering or (ii) enter into any swap, hedging, or other transaction or arrangement that transfers, or is designed to transfer, to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership, directly or indirectly, of such securities, whether or not any such transaction or arrangement described in clause (i) or (ii) above is to be settled by delivery of Common Stock or other securities, in cash, or otherwise. The foregoing provisions of this Section 2.11 shall apply only to the IPO, shall not apply to the sale of any shares to an underwriter pursuant to an underwriting agreement or to the establishment of a trading plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1, provided that such plan does not permit transfers during the restricted period or the transfer of any shares to any trust for the direct or indirect benefit of the Holder or one or more of the Holder’s Immediate Family Members, provided that the trustee of the trust agrees to be bound in writing by the restrictions set forth herein, and provided further that any such transfer shall not involve a disposition for value, and shall be applicable to the Holders only if all officers and directors of the Company are subject to the same restrictions and the Company uses commercially reasonable efforts to obtain a similar agreement from all stockholders individually owning more than 1% of the Company’s outstanding Common Stock (after giving effect to the conversion into Common Stock of all outstanding Preferred Stock). The underwriters in connection with such registration are intended third-party beneficiaries of this Section 2.11 and shall have the right, power and authority to enforce the provisions hereof as though they were a party hereto. Each Holder further agrees to execute such agreements as may be reasonably requested by the underwriters in connection with such registration that are consistent with this Section 2.11 or that are necessary to give further effect thereto. Any discretionary waiver or termination of the restrictions of any or all of such agreements by the Company or the underwriters shall apply pro rata to all Company stockholders that are subject to such agreements, based on the number of shares subject to such agreements.
2.12 Restrictions on Transfer.The Preferred Stock and the Registrable Securities shall not be sold, pledged, or otherwise transferred, and the Company shall not recognize and shall issue stop-transfer instructions to its transfer agent with respect to any such sale, pledge, or transfer, except upon the conditions specified in this Agreement, which conditions are intended to ensure compliance with the provisions of the Securities Act and all other applicable U.S. laws and regulations. A transferring Holder will cause any proposed purchaser, pledgee, or transferee of the Preferred Stock and the Registrable Securities held by such Holder to agree to take and hold such securities subject to the provisions and upon the conditions specified in this Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not require any transferee of shares pursuant to an effective registration statement or, following the IPO, SEC Rule 144, in each case, to be bound by the terms of this Section 2.12.
(b) Each certificate, instrument, or book entry representing (i) the Preferred Stock, (ii) the Registrable Securities, and (iii) any other securities issued in respect of the securities referenced in clauses (i) and (ii), upon any stock split, stock dividend, recapitalization, merger, consolidation, or similar event, shall (unless otherwise permitted by the provisions of Section 2.12(c)) be notated with a legend substantially in the following form:
THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED HEREBY HAVE BEEN ACQUIRED FOR INVESTMENT AND HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933. SUCH SHARES MAY NOT BE SOLD, PLEDGED, OR TRANSFERRED IN THE ABSENCE OF SUCH REGISTRATION OR A VALID EXEMPTION FROM THE REGISTRATION AND PROSPECTUS DELIVERY REQUIREMENTS OF SAID ACT.
THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED HEREBY MAY BE TRANSFERRED ONLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE TERMS OF AN AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE COMPANY AND THE STOCKHOLDER, A COPY OF WHICH IS ON FILE WITH THE SECRETARY OF THE COMPANY.
The Holders consent to the Company making a notation in its records and giving instructions to any transfer agent of the Restricted Securities in order to implement the restrictions on transfer set forth in this Section 2.12.
(c) The holder of such Restricted Securities, by acceptance of ownership thereof, agrees to comply in all respects with the provisions of this Section 2. Before any proposed sale, pledge, or transfer of any Restricted Securities, unless there is in effect a registration statement under the Securities Act covering the proposed transaction or following the IPO, the transfer is made pursuant to SEC Rule 144, the Holder thereof shall give notice to the Company of such Holder’s intention to effect such sale, pledge, or transfer, provided that no such notice shall be required in connection if the intended sale, pledge or transfer complies with SEC Rule 144. Each such notice shall describe the manner and circumstances of the proposed sale, pledge, or transfer in sufficient detail and, if reasonably requested by the Company, shall be accompanied at such Holder’s expense by either (i) a written opinion of legal counsel who shall, and whose legal opinion shall, be reasonably satisfactory to the Company, addressed to the Company, to the effect that the proposed transaction may be effected without registration under the Securities Act; (ii) a “no action” letter from the SEC to the effect that the proposed sale, pledge, or transfer of such Restricted Securities without registration will not result in a recommendation by the staff of the SEC that action be taken with respect thereto; or (iii) any other evidence reasonably satisfactory to counsel to the Company to the effect that the proposed sale, pledge, or transfer of the Restricted Securities may be effected without registration under the Securities Act, whereupon the Holder of such Restricted Securities shall be entitled to sell, pledge, or transfer such Restricted Securities in accordance with the terms of the notice given by the Holder to the Company. The Company will not require such a notice, legal opinion or “no action” letter (x) in any transaction in compliance with SEC Rule 144; or (y) in any transaction in which such Holder distributes Restricted Securities to an Affiliate of such Holder for no consideration; provided that each transferee agrees in writing to be subject to the terms of this Section 2.12. Each certificate, instrument, or book entry representing the Restricted Securities transferred as above provided shall be notated with, except if such transfer is made pursuant to SEC Rule 144, the appropriate restrictive legend set forth in Section 2.12(b), except that such certificate, instrument, or book entry shall not be notated with such restrictive legend if, in the opinion of counsel for such Holder and the Company, such legend is not required in order to establish compliance with any provisions of the Securities Act and the Company will use commercially reasonable efforts to cause any such legend to be removed.
2.13 Termination and Suspension of Registration Rights.
(a) The right of any Holder to request registration or inclusion of Registrable Securities in any registration pursuant to Section 2.1 or 2.2 shall terminate, as to such Holder, upon the earliest to occur of:
(i) the closing of a Deemed Liquidation Event, in which the consideration received by the Investors in such Deemed Liquidation Event is in the form of cash and/or publicly traded securities, or if the Investors receive registration rights from the acquiring company or other successor to the Company reasonably comparable to those set forth in this Section 2;
(ii) such time after consummation of an IPO, when the Holder (A) together with together with its “affiliates” (as determined under SEC Rule 144) holds less than 1% of the outstanding capital stock of the Company and (B) may immediately sell all of the Holder’s Registrable Securities under SEC Rule 144 without volume limitation, or another similar exemption under the Securities Act is available for the sale of all of such Holder’s shares without limitation, during a three-month period without registration;
(iii) the third anniversary of the IPO; and
(b) The right of any Holder to request registration or inclusion of Registrable Securities in any registration pursuant to Section 2.1 or 2.2 shall be suspended during any time as such Holder is a Sanctioned Party.
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3. |
Information Rights. |
3.1 Delivery of Financial Statements. The Company shall deliver to each Investor, provided that the Board of Directors has not reasonably determined that such Investor is a Competitor:
(a) as soon as practicable, but in any event within 180 days after the end of each fiscal year of the Company (i) a balance sheet as of the end of such year, (ii) statements of income and of cash flows for such year, and a comparison between (x) the actual amounts as of and for such fiscal year and (y) the comparable amounts for the prior year and as included in the Approved Annual Spend Plan (as defined below) for such year, with an explanation of any material differences between such amounts and a schedule as to the sources and applications of funds for such year, and (iii) a statement of stockholders’ equity as of the end of such year, all such financial statements audited and certified by independent public accountants of regionally recognized standing selected by the Company;
(b) as soon as practicable, but in any event within 45 days after the end of each quarter of each fiscal year of the Company, unaudited statements of income and cash flows for such fiscal quarter, and an unaudited balance sheet and a statement of stockholders’ equity as of the end of such fiscal quarter, all prepared in accordance with GAAP (except that such financial statements may (i) be subject to normal year-end audit adjustments; and (ii) not contain all notes thereto that may be required in accordance with GAAP);
(c) as soon as practicable, but in any event within 45 days after the end of each quarter of each fiscal year of the Company, a statement showing the number of shares of each class and series of capital stock and securities convertible into or exercisable for shares of capital stock outstanding at the end of the period, the Common Stock issuable upon conversion or exercise of any outstanding securities convertible or exercisable for Common Stock and the exchange ratio or exercise price applicable thereto, and the number of shares of issued stock options and stock options not yet issued but reserved for issuance, if any, all in sufficient detail as to permit the Investors to calculate their respective percentage equity ownership in the Company;
(d) as soon as practicable, but in any event within 30 days after the end of each month, an unaudited income statement and statement of cash flows for such month, and an unaudited balance sheet and statement of stockholders’ equity as of the end of such month, all prepared in accordance with GAAP (except that such financial statements may (i) be subject to normal year-end audit adjustments and (ii) not contain all notes thereto that may be required in accordance with GAAP); (e) as soon as practicable, the Company’s Approved Annual Spend Plan; and
(f) such other information relating to the financial condition, business, prospects, or corporate affairs of the Company as any Investor may from time to time reasonably request; provided, however, that the Company shall not be obligated under this Section 3.1(f) to provide information (i) that the Company reasonably determines in good faith to be a trade secret or similar highly confidential information; or (ii) the disclosure of which would reasonably be expected to adversely affect the attorney-client privilege between the Company and its counsel.
If, for any period, the Company has any subsidiary whose accounts are consolidated with those of the Company, then in respect of such period the financial statements delivered pursuant to the foregoing sections shall be the consolidated and consolidating financial statements of the Company and all such consolidated subsidiaries.
If reasonably requested by an Investor, the Company shall provide the information required by, or reasonably requested pursuant to, this Section 3.1 to such Investor by uploading the information to a portfolio management platform.
Notwithstanding anything else in this Section 3.1 to the contrary, the Company may cease providing the information set forth in this Section 3.1 during the period starting with the date 30 days before the Company’s good-faith estimate of the date of filing of a registration statement if it reasonably concludes it must do so to comply with the SEC rules applicable to such registration statement and related offering; provided that the Company’s covenants under this Section 3.1 shall be reinstated at such time as the Company is no longer actively employing its commercially reasonable efforts to cause such registration statement to become effective.
3.2 Inspection. The Company shall permit each Investor (provided that the Board of Directors has not reasonably determined that such Investor is a Competitor), at such Investor’s expense, to visit and inspect the Company’s properties; examine its books of account and records; and discuss the Company’s affairs, finances, and accounts with its officers, during normal business hours of the Company as may be reasonably requested by the Investor; provided, however, that the Company shall not be obligated pursuant to this Section 3.2 to provide access to any information that it reasonably and in good faith considers to be a trade secret or confidential information or the disclosure of which would adversely affect the attorney- client privilege between the Company and its counsel.
3.3 [Reserved.]
3.4 Termination of Information Rights. The covenants set forth in Sections 3.1, and 3.2 shall terminate and be of no further force or effect (i) immediately before the consummation of the IPO; (ii) with respect to any Investor that is or becomes a Sanctioned Party, for so long as such Investor is a Sanctioned Party; or (iii) when the Company first becomes subject to the periodic reporting requirements of Section 12(g) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, or (iv) upon the closing of a Deemed Liquidation Event, whichever event occurs first; provided, that, with respect to clause (iv), the covenants set forth in Section 3.1 shall only terminate if the consideration received by the Investors in such Deemed Liquidation Event is in the form of cash and/or publicly traded securities or if the Investors receive financial information from the acquiring company or other successor to the Company comparable to those set forth in Section 3.1.
3.5 Confidentiality. Each Investor agrees that such Investor will keep confidential and will not disclose, divulge, or use for any purpose (other than to monitor or make decisions with respect to its investment in the Company) any confidential information obtained from the Company (including notice of the Company’s intention to file a registration statement), unless such confidential information (a) is known or becomes known to the public in general (other than as a result of a breach of this Section 3.5 by such Investor), (b) is or has been independently developed or conceived by such Investor without use of the Company’s confidential information, or (c) is or has been made known or disclosed to such Investor by a third party without a breach of any obligation of confidentiality such third party may have to the Company; provided, however, that an Investor may disclose confidential information (i) to its attorneys, accountants, consultants, and other professionals to the extent reasonably necessary to obtain their services in connection with monitoring its investment in the Company; (ii) to any prospective purchaser of any Registrable Securities from such Investor, if such prospective purchaser agrees to be bound by the provisions of this Section 3.5; (iii) to any existing or prospective Affiliate, partner, member, stockholder, or wholly owned subsidiary of such Investor in the ordinary course of business, provided that such Investor informs such Person that such information is confidential and directs such Person to maintain the confidentiality of such information; or (iv) as may otherwise be required by law, regulation, rule, court order or subpoena, provided that such Investor promptly notifies the Company of such disclosure and takes reasonable steps to minimize the extent of any such required disclosure.
3.6 Limitation on Foreign Person Investors. Notwithstanding the covenants set forth in Sections 3.1 and 3.2, the Company shall not provide any Investor that is a Foreign Person access to any “material non-public technical information” within the meaning of the DPA.
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4. |
Rights to Future Stock Issuances. |
4.1 Right of First Offer. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Section 4.1 and applicable securities laws, if the Company proposes to offer or sell any New Securities, the Company shall first offer such New Securities to each Investor. An Investor shall be entitled to apportion the right of first offer hereby granted to it in such proportions as it deems appropriate, among (i) itself, (ii) its Affiliates and (iii) its beneficial interest holders, such as limited partners, members or any other Person having “beneficial ownership,” as such term is defined in Rule 13d-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act, of such Investor (“Investor Beneficial Owners”); provided that each such Affiliate or Investor Beneficial Owner (x) is not a Competitor or FOIA Party, unless such party’s purchase of New Securities is otherwise consented to by the Board of Directors, and (y) agrees to enter into this Agreement and the Voting Agreement of even date herewith among the Company, the Investors and the other parties named therein (the “Voting Agreement”), as an “Investor” under each such agreement (provided that any Competitor or FOIA Party shall not be entitled to any rights as an Investor under Sections 3.1, 3.2 and 4.1 hereof) and provided that the Company shall not be obligated to offer or sell any New Securities to any person or entity that is a Sanctioned Party.
(a) The Company shall give notice (the “Offer Notice”) to each Investor, stating (i) its bona fide intention to offer such New Securities, (ii) the number of such New Securities to be offered, and (iii) the price and terms, if any, upon which it proposes to offer such New Securities.
(b) By notification to the Company within 20 days after the Offer Notice is given, each Investor may elect to purchase or otherwise acquire, at the price and on the terms specified in the Offer Notice, up to that portion of such New Securities which equals the proportion that the Common Stock then held by such Investor (including all shares of Common Stock then issuable (directly or indirectly) upon conversion and/or exercise, as applicable, of the Preferred Stock and any other Derivative Securities then held by such Investor) bears to the total Common Stock of the Company then outstanding (assuming full conversion and/or exercise, as applicable, of all Preferred Stock and any other Derivative Securities then outstanding). At the expiration of such 20 day period, the Company shall promptly notify each Investor that elects to purchase or acquire all the shares available to it (each, a “Fully Exercising Investor”) of any other Investor’s failure to do likewise. During the ten-day period commencing after the Company has given such notice, each Fully Exercising Investor may, by giving notice to the Company, elect to purchase or acquire, in addition to the number of shares specified above, up to that portion of the New Securities for which Investors were entitled to subscribe but that were not subscribed for by the Investors which is equal to the proportion that the Common Stock issued and held, or issuable (directly or indirectly) upon conversion and/or exercise, as applicable, of Preferred Stock and any other Derivative Securities then held, by such Fully Exercising Investor bears to the Common Stock issued and held, or issuable (directly or indirectly) upon conversion and/or exercise, as applicable, of the Preferred Stock and any other Derivative Securities then held, by all Fully Exercising Investors who wish to purchase such unsubscribed shares. The closing of any sale pursuant to this Section 4.1(b) shall occur within the later of 90 days of the date that the Offer Notice is given and the date of initial sale of New Securities pursuant to Section 4.1(c).
(c) If all New Securities referred to in the Offer Notice are not elected to be purchased or acquired as provided in Section 4.1(b), the Company may, during the 90 day period following the expiration of the periods provided in Section 4.1(b), offer and sell the remaining unsubscribed portion of such New Securities to any Person or Persons at a price not less than, and upon terms no more favorable to the offeree than, those specified in the Offer Notice. If the Company does not enter into an agreement for the sale of the New Securities within such period, or if such agreement is not consummated within 30 days of the execution thereof, the right provided hereunder shall be deemed to be revived and such New Securities shall not be offered unless first reoffered to the Investors in accordance with this Section 4.1.
(d) The right of first offer in this Section 4.1 shall not be applicable to (i) Exempted Securities (as defined in the Articles of Incorporation); (ii) shares of Common Stock issued in the IPO; and (iii) the issuance of shares of Preferred Stock pursuant to the Purchase Agreement.
4.2 Termination. The covenants set forth in Section 4.1 shall terminate and be of no further force or effect (i) immediately before the consummation of the IPO, or (ii) upon the closing of a Deemed Liquidation Event in which the consideration received by the Investors in such Deemed Liquidation Event is in the form of cash and/or publicly traded securities, or if the Investors receive participation rights from the acquiring company or other successor to the Company reasonably comparable to those set forth in this Section 4, whichever event occurs first.
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5. |
Additional Covenants. |
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5.1 |
[Reserved] |
5.2 Employee Agreements. Unless otherwise approved by the Board of Directors, the Company will cause each Person now or hereafter employed by it or by any subsidiary (or engaged by the Company or any subsidiary as a consultant/independent contractor) with access to confidential information and/or trade secrets to enter into a nondisclosure, proprietary rights assignment agreement and, to the extent legally permissible, non-competition and non-solicitation agreement. In addition, the Company shall not amend, modify, terminate, waive, or otherwise alter, in whole or in part, any of the above-referenced agreements or any restricted stock agreement between the Company and any employee, without the consent of the Board of Directors.
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5.3 |
[Reserved] |
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5.4 |
[Reserved.] |
5.5 Matters Requiring Preferred Director Approval. During such time or times as the holders of Preferred Stock are entitled to elect a Preferred Director and such seat is filled, the Company hereby covenants and agrees with each of the Investors that it shall not, without the Requisite Preferred Director Vote:
(a) make, or permit any subsidiary to make, any loan or advance to, or own any stock or other securities of, any subsidiary or other corporation, partnership, or other entity unless it is wholly owned by the Company;
(b) make, or permit any subsidiary to make, any loan or advance to any Person, including, without limitation, any employee or director of the Company or any subsidiary, except advances and similar expenditures in the ordinary course of business;
(c) guarantee, directly or indirectly, or permit any subsidiary to guarantee, directly or indirectly, any indebtedness except for trade accounts of the Company or any subsidiary arising in the ordinary course of business;
(d) make any investment inconsistent with any Approved Cash Management Policy (as defined below);
(e) incur any indebtedness not already included in the Approved Annual Spend Plan, other than trade credit incurred in the ordinary course of business or indebtedness that is not in excess of $5,000,000;
(f) hire, terminate, or change the compensation or responsibilities of the executive officers, including approving any option grants or stock awards to executive officers;
(g) approve any material interim changes to the Approved Annual Spend Plan;
(h) sell, assign, license, pledge, or encumber material technology or intellectual property, other than in connection with ordinary course product sales or licenses;
(i) enter into any corporate strategic relationship involving the payment, contribution, or assignment by the Company of money or assets having a value (as determined by the Board of Directors in a manner consistent with the agreements governing such relationship) greater than $5,000,000;
(j) make any material change to the current business operations of the Company or authorize the Company to engage in any business other than its current business operations;
(k) enter into or effect any transaction or series of related transactions involving the purchase, sale, lease, license, exchange or other disposition, including by merger, consolidation, sale of stock or sale or lease of assets, of any material portion (defined as ten percent (10%) of equity dilution or potential equity upon conversion) or substantially all of the Company’s assets, other than sales of inventory in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice;
(l) settle any lawsuit, action, dispute or other proceeding or otherwise assume any liability with a value in excess of $250,000 or agree to the provision of any equitable relief; or
(m) dissolve, wind-up or liquidate the Company or initiate a bankruptcy or reorganization proceeding.
5.6 Board Matters. The Company shall reimburse the non-employee directors for all reasonable out-of-pocket travel expenses incurred (consistent with the Company’s travel policy) in connection with attending meetings of the Board of Directors. The Company will bind director’s and officer’s insurance with a carrier and in an amount satisfactory to the Board of Directors.
5.7 Spend Plan and Approved Annual Business Plan. The Company shall, at least 30 days before the end of each fiscal year, prepare an annual budget and business plan for the next fiscal year, prepared on a monthly basis, including balance sheets, income statements, and statements of cash flow for such months (the “Spend Plan”). The Company shall submit the Spend Plan to the Board of Directors for approval and the Spend Plan, as may be revised by the Board of Directors, shall be approved by the Board of Directors (“Approved Annual Business Plan”)..
5.8 Successor Indemnification. If the Company or any of its successors or assignees consolidates with or merges into any other Person and is not the continuing or surviving corporation or entity of such consolidation or merger, then to the extent necessary, but subject to Section 5.14, proper provision shall be made so that the successors and assignees of the Company assume the obligations of the Company with respect to indemnification of members of the Board of Directors as in effect immediately before such transaction, whether such obligations are contained in the Company’s Bylaws, the Articles of Incorporation, or elsewhere, as the case may be.
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5.9 |
Expenses of Counsel and Transaction Assistance in an IPO and Sale of the Company. |
(a) Expense Reimbursement. In the event of an IPO or a transaction that is a Sale of the Company (as defined in the Voting Agreement of even date herewith among the Investors, the Company and the other parties named therein) (each, a “Reimbursed Transaction”), the reasonable fees and disbursements, not to exceed $50,000 in the aggregate, of one counsel for the Investors (“Investor Counsel”), solely in their capacities as stockholders, shall be borne and paid by the Company.
(b) Sale of the Company. Subject to Section 5.14, at the outset of considering a transaction, which if consummated would constitute a Sale of the Company, the Company shall obtain the ability to share with the Investor Counsel (and such counsel’s clients) and shall share the confidential information (including, without limitation, the initial and all subsequent drafts of memoranda of understanding, letters of intent and other transaction documents and related noncompete, employment, consulting and other compensation agreements and plans) pertaining to and memorializing any of the transactions, which, individually or when aggregated with others, would constitute the Sale of the Company. Subject to Section 5.14, the Company shall be obligated to share (and cause the Company’s counsel and investment bankers to share) such materials when distributed to the Company’s executives and/or any one or more of the other parties to such transaction(s).
(c) IPO. If in connection with the IPO the underwriters or the Company request the execution of additional agreements pursuant to Section 2.11, the Company shall share (and cause the Company’s underwriters or their counsel to share) the form of such agreement with the Investor Counsel no less than ten days prior to the deadline for execution such agreement, and in any event, no later than 20 days prior to the first public filing of a registration statement in connection with the IPO. The Company shall be obligated to provide ten days’ advanced written notice to Investor Counsel of any deadlines for written information that may be required by the Company to be furnished or reviewed by or on behalf of any Holder to be used in connection with the IPO (e.g., information relating to beneficial ownership, director biographies, and summaries of material contracts to which Holder is a party).
(d) Joint Defense/Common Interest Agreement. Subject to Section 5.14, in the event that Investor Counsel deems it appropriate, in its reasonable discretion, to enter into a joint defense/common interest agreement or other arrangement to enhance the ability of the parties to protect their communications and other reviewed materials under the attorney client privilege, the Company shall, and shall direct its counsel to, execute and deliver to Investor Counsel and its clients such an agreement in form and substance reasonably acceptable to Investor Counsel and the Company’s counsel. Subject to Section 5.14, in the event that one or more of the other party or parties to such transactions require the clients of Investor Counsel to enter into a confidentiality agreement and/or joint defense and/or common interest agreement in order to receive such information, then the Company shall share whatever information can be shared without entry into such agreement and shall, at the same time, in good faith work expeditiously to enable Investor Counsel and its clients to negotiate and enter into the appropriate agreement(s) without undue burden to the clients of Investor Counsel.
5.10 Indemnification Matters. The Company hereby acknowledges that one or more of the Preferred Directors may have certain rights to indemnification, advancement of expenses and/or insurance provided by one or more of the Investors and certain of their Affiliates (collectively, the “Investor Indemnitors”). The Company hereby agrees (a) that it is the indemnitor of first resort (i.e., its obligations to any such Preferred Director are primary and any obligation of the Investor Indemnitors to advance expenses or to provide indemnification for the same expenses or liabilities incurred by such Preferred Director are secondary), (b) that it shall be required to advance the full amount of expenses incurred by such Preferred Director and shall be liable for the full amount of all expenses, judgments, penalties, fines and amounts paid in settlement by or on behalf of any such Preferred Director to the extent legally permitted and as required by the Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws of the Company (or any agreement between the Company and such Preferred Director), without regard to any rights such Preferred Director may have against the Investor Indemnitors, and, (c) that it irrevocably waives, relinquishes and releases the Investor Indemnitors from any and all claims against the Investor Indemnitors for contribution, subrogation or any other recovery of any kind in respect thereof. The Company further agrees that no advancement or payment by the Investor Indemnitors on behalf of any such Preferred Director with respect to any claim for which such Preferred Director has sought indemnification from the Company shall affect the foregoing and the Investor Indemnitors shall have a right of contribution and/or be subrogated to the extent of such advancement or payment to all of the rights of recovery of such Preferred Director against the Company. The Preferred Directors and the Investor Indemnitors are intended third-party beneficiaries of this Section 5.10 and shall have the right, power and authority to enforce the provisions of this Section 5.10 as though they were a party to this Agreement.
5.11 Right to Conduct Activities. The Company hereby agrees and acknowledges that nothing in this Agreement shall preclude or in any way restrict the Investors from conducting their respective affairs as presently conducted or from evaluating or purchasing securities, including publicly traded securities, of a particular enterprise, or investing or participating in any particular enterprise whether or not such enterprise has products or services that compete with those of the Company; and the Company hereby agrees that, to the extent permitted under applicable law, none of the Investors shall be liable to the Company for any claim arising out of, or based upon, (i) the investment in any entity competitive with the Company, or (ii) actions taken by any partner, officer, employee or other representative to assist any such competitive company, whether or not such action was taken as a member of the board of directors of such competitive company or otherwise, and whether or not such action has a detrimental effect on the Company; provided, however, that the foregoing shall not contravene the confidentiality obligations in Section 3.5 or otherwise in this Agreement or relieve (x) any of the Investors from liability associated with the unauthorized disclosure of the Company’s confidential information obtained pursuant to this Agreement, or (y) any director or officer of the Company from any liability associated with such person’s fiduciary duties to the Company.
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5.12 |
CFIUS and Foreign Person Limitations. |
(a) Unless otherwise approved by the Board of Directors, the Company will not provide to any Foreign Person any DPA Triggering Rights. No Investor that is a Foreign Person shall be permitted to obtain any DPA Triggering Rights or a voting equity interest in the Company that exceeds 10% of the Company’s total voting securities pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, Section 4 of this Agreement, or otherwise, including by way of any secondary transaction(s), without the approval of the Board of Directors.
(b) Each Investor covenants that it will notify the Company in advance of permitting any Foreign Person affiliated with Investor, whether affiliated as a limited partner or otherwise, to obtain through Investor any DPA Triggering Rights.
5.13 Termination of Covenants. The covenants set forth in this Section 5 shall terminate and be of no further force or effect (i) immediately before the consummation of the IPO; (ii) upon a Deemed Liquidation Event, whichever event occurs first; or (iii) with respect to any obligation to an Investor that is or becomes a Sanctioned Party, for so long as such Holder is a Sanctioned Party; provided, that, with respect to clause (ii), the covenants set forth in Section 5 shall only terminate if the consideration received by the Investors in such Deemed Liquidation Event is in the form of cash and/or publicly traded securities or if the acquiring company or other successor to the Company agrees to covenants comparable to those set forth in Section 5.
5.14 Fiduciary Duties. The Company’s obligations set forth in this Section 5 that are qualified by this Section 5.14 shall not be applicable to the extent (and only to the extent) that the Board of Directors determine in good faith that compliance would be inconsistent with the exercise of the fiduciary duties of the Board of Directors.
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6. |
Miscellaneous. |
6.1 Successors and Assigns. The rights under this Agreement may be assigned (but only with all related obligations) by a Holder to a transferee of Registrable Securities that (i) is an Affiliate of a Holder; (ii) is a Holder’s Immediate Family Member or trust for the benefit of an individual Holder or one or more of such Holder’s Immediate Family Members provided, however, that (x) the Company is, within a reasonable time after such transfer, furnished with written notice of the name and address of such transferee and the Registrable Securities with respect to which such rights are being transferred; (y) such transferee agrees in a written instrument delivered to the Company to be bound by and subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, including the provisions of Section 2.11; and (z) such assignee is not a Sanctioned Party. For the purposes of determining the number of shares of Registrable Securities held by a transferee, the holdings of a transferee (1) that is an Affiliate or stockholder of a Holder; (2) who is a Holder’s Immediate Family Member; or (3) that is a trust for the benefit of an individual Holder or such Holder’s Immediate Family Member shall be aggregated together and with those of the transferring Holder; provided further that all transferees who would not qualify individually for assignment of rights shall, as a condition to the applicable transfer, establish a single attorney-in-fact for the purpose of exercising any rights, receiving notices, or taking any action under this Agreement. The terms and conditions of this Agreement inure to the benefit of and are binding upon the respective successors and permitted assignees of the parties. Nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to confer upon any party other than the parties hereto or their respective successors and permitted assignees any rights, remedies, obligations or liabilities under or by reason of this Agreement, except as expressly provided herein.
6.2 Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by the internal law of the State of Nevada, without regard to conflict of law principles that would result in the application of any law other than the law of the State of Nevada.
6.3 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. Counterparts may be delivered via electronic mail (including pdf or any electronic signature complying with the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, e.g., www.docusign.com) or other transmission method and any counterpart so delivered shall be deemed to have been duly and validly delivered and be valid and effective for all purposes.
6.4 Titles and Subtitles. The titles and subtitles used in this Agreement are for convenience only and are not to be considered in construing or interpreting this Agreement.
6.5 Notices.
(a) General. All notices and other communications given or made pursuant to this Agreement shall be in writing (including electronic mail as permitted in this Agreement) and shall be deemed effectively given upon the earlier of actual receipt or (i) personal delivery to the party to be notified; (ii) when sent, if sent by electronic mail during the recipient’s normal business hours, and if not sent during normal business hours, then on the recipient’s next business day; (iii) five days after having been sent by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid; or (iv) one business day after the business day of deposit with a nationally recognized overnight courier, freight prepaid, specifying next-day delivery, with written verification of receipt. All communications shall be sent to the respective parties at their addresses as set forth on Schedule A hereto, or (as to the Company) to the address set forth on the signature page hereto, or in any case to such email address or address as subsequently modified by written notice given in accordance with this Section 6.5. If notice is given to the Company, a copy (which copy shall not constitute notice) shall also be sent to Ryan Whaley PLLC, Attn: Stephen C. Gelnar, 400 North Walnut Avenue, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104.
(b) Consent to Electronic Notice. Each Purchaser consents to the delivery of any stockholder notice pursuant to the NRS, as amended or superseded from time to time, by electronic mail pursuant to NRS 75.150(2) (or any successor thereto) at the electronic mail address set forth below such party’s name on the Schedules hereto, as updated from time to time by notice to the Company, or as on the books of the Company. To the extent that any notice given by means of electronic mail is returned or undeliverable for any reason, the foregoing consent shall be deemed to have been revoked until a new or corrected electronic mail address has been provided, and such attempted electronic notice shall be ineffective and deemed to not have been given. Each party to this Agreement agrees to promptly notify the Company of any change in such stockholder’s electronic mail address, and that failure to do so shall not affect the foregoing.
6.6 Amendments and Waivers. Any term of this Agreement may be amended, modified or terminated and the observance of any term of this Agreement may be waived (either generally or in a particular instance, and either retroactively or prospectively) only with the written consent of the Company and the holders of a majority of the Registrable Securities then outstanding; provided that the Company may in its sole discretion waive compliance with Section 2.12(c) (and the Company’s failure to object promptly in writing after notification of a proposed assignment allegedly in violation of Section 2.12(c) shall be deemed to be a waiver); and provided further that any provision hereof may be waived by any waiving party on such party’s own behalf, without the consent of any other party. For the avoidance of doubt, Registrable Securities do not include any shares held by a person or entity that is a Sanctioned Party. Notwithstanding the foregoing, (a) this Agreement may not be amended, modified or terminated and the observance of any term hereof may not be waived with respect to any Investor without the written consent of such Investor, unless such amendment, modification, termination, or waiver applies to all Investors in the same fashion (it being agreed that a waiver of the provisions of Section 4 with respect to a particular transaction shall be deemed to apply to all Investors in the same fashion if such waiver does so by its terms, notwithstanding the fact that certain Investors may nonetheless, by agreement with the Company, purchase securities in such transaction; provided, however, if, after giving effect to any waiver of Section 4.1 or any provision pertaining to Section 4.1 with respect to a particular transaction, an Investor in fact purchases New Securities in such transaction (such Investor, a “Participating Investor”), the aforementioned waiver shall be deemed to apply to any Investor only if that Investor has been provided the opportunity to purchase a proportional number of the New Securities in such transaction based on the pro rata purchase right of each Investor set forth in Section 4.1, assuming a transaction size determined based upon the amount purchased by the Participating Investor that invested the largest percentage in such transaction), provided further that the Company may in its sole discretion waive compliance with any provision of this Agreement if observance of the terms would cause the Company or any Investor to be in violation of applicable Sanctions, and (b) Sections 3.1, 3.2, and 4 and any other section of this Agreement applicable to the Investors (including this clause (b) of this Section 6.6) may be amended, modified, terminated or waived with only (and only with) the written consent of the Company and the holders of a majority of the Registrable Securities then outstanding and held by the Investors. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Schedule A hereto may be amended by the Company from time to time to add transferees of any Registrable Securities in compliance with the terms of this Agreement without the consent of the other parties; and Schedule A hereto may also be amended by the Company after the date of this Agreement without the consent of the other parties to add information regarding any additional Investor who becomes a party to this Agreement in accordance with Section 6.9. The Company shall give prompt notice of any amendment, modification or termination hereof or waiver hereunder to any party hereto that did not consent in writing to such amendment, modification, termination, or waiver. Any amendment, modification, termination, or waiver effected in accordance with this Section 6.6 shall be binding on all parties hereto, regardless of whether any such party has consented thereto. No waivers of or exceptions to any term, condition, or provision of this Agreement, in any one or more instances, shall be deemed to be or construed as a further or continuing waiver of any such term, condition, or provision.
6.7 Severability. In case any provision contained in this Agreement is for any reason held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, such invalidity, illegality, or unenforceability shall not affect any other provision of this Agreement, and such invalid, illegal, or unenforceable provision shall be reformed and construed so that it will be valid, legal, and enforceable to the maximum extent permitted by law.
6.8 Aggregation of Stock; Apportionment. All shares of Registrable Securities held or acquired by Affiliates shall be aggregated together for the purpose of determining the availability of any rights under this Agreement and such Affiliates may apportion such rights as among themselves in any manner they deem appropriate.
6.9 Additional Investors. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, if the Company issues additional shares of Preferred Stock after the date hereof, pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, any purchaser of such shares of Preferred Stock may become a party to this Agreement by executing and delivering a counterpart signature page to this Agreement, and thereafter shall be deemed an “Investor” for all purposes hereunder. No action or consent by the Investors shall be required for such joinder to this Agreement by such additional Investor, so long as such additional Investor has agreed in writing to be bound by all of the obligations as an “Investor” hereunder.
6.10 Entire Agreement. This Agreement (including the Exhibits and Schedules hereto) together with the other Transaction Agreements (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) constitute the full and entire understanding and agreement among the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof, and any other written or oral agreement relating to the subject matter hereof existing between or among any of the parties are expressly canceled.
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6.11 |
Dispute Resolution. |
Any unresolved controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this Agreement, except as (i) otherwise provided in this Agreement, or (ii) any such controversies or claims arising out of either party’s intellectual property rights for which a provisional remedy or equitable relief is sought, shall be submitted to arbitration by one arbitrator mutually agreed upon by the parties, and if no agreement can be reached within 30 days after names of potential arbitrators have been proposed by American Arbitration Association (“AAA”), then by one arbitrator having reasonable experience in corporate finance transactions of the type provided for in this Agreement and who is chosen by AAA. The arbitration shall take place in Reno, Nevada, in accordance with the AAA rules for Complex Commercial Disputes then in effect, and judgment upon any award rendered in such arbitration will be binding and may be entered in any court having jurisdiction thereof. There shall be limited discovery prior to the arbitration hearing as follows: (a) exchange of witness lists and copies of documentary evidence and documents relating to the issues to be arbitrated, (b) depositions of all party witnesses, and (c) such other depositions as may be allowed by the arbitrators upon a showing of good cause. Depositions shall be conducted in accordance with the Nevada Code of Civil Procedure, the arbitrator shall be required to provide in writing to the parties the basis for the award or order of such arbitrator, and a court reporter shall record all hearings, with such record constituting the official transcript of such proceedings.
Each of the parties to this Agreement consents to personal jurisdiction for any equitable action sought in the U.S. District Court for the District of Reno, Nevada or any court of the State of Nevada having subject matter jurisdiction.
WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL: EACH PARTY HEREBY WAIVES ITS RIGHTS TO A JURY TRIAL OF ANY CLAIM OR CAUSE OF ACTION BASED UPON OR ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT, THE OTHER TRANSACTION AGREEMENTS, THE SECURITIES OR THE SUBJECT MATTER HEREOF OR THEREOF. THE SCOPE OF THIS WAIVER IS INTENDED TO BE ALL-ENCOMPASSING OF ANY AND ALL DISPUTES THAT MAY BE FILED IN ANY COURT AND THAT RELATE TO THE SUBJECT MATTER OF THIS TRANSACTION, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, CONTRACT CLAIMS, TORT CLAIMS (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), BREACH OF DUTY CLAIMS, AND ALL OTHER COMMON LAW AND STATUTORY CLAIMS. THIS SECTION HAS BEEN FULLY DISCUSSED BY EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO AND THESE PROVISIONS WILL NOT BE SUBJECT TO ANY EXCEPTIONS. EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY FURTHER WARRANTS AND REPRESENTS THAT SUCH PARTY HAS REVIEWED THIS WAIVER WITH ITS LEGAL COUNSEL, AND THAT SUCH PARTY KNOWINGLY AND VOLUNTARILY WAIVES ITS JURY TRIAL RIGHTS FOLLOWING CONSULTATION WITH LEGAL COUNSEL.
6.12 Costs of Enforcement. Each party will bear its own costs in respect of any disputes arising under this Agreement.
6.13 Delays or Omissions. No delay or omission to exercise any right, power, or remedy accruing to any party under this Agreement, upon any breach or default of any other party under this Agreement, shall impair any such right, power, or remedy of such nonbreaching or non-defaulting party, nor shall it be construed to be a waiver of or acquiescence to any such breach or default, or to any similar breach or default thereafter occurring, nor shall any waiver of any single breach or default be deemed a waiver of any other breach or default theretofore or thereafter occurring. All remedies, whether under this Agreement or by law or otherwise afforded to any party, shall be cumulative and not alternative.
[Signature Page Follows]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed and delivered this Investors’ Rights Agreement as of the date first written above.
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COMPANY: |
BIOLEUM CORPORATION |
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By: |
/s/ Kevin Kreisler |
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Name: |
Kevin Kreisler |
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Title: |
Chief Executive Officer |
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| Address: |
4801 Gaillardia Pkwy Oklahoma City, OK 73142 |
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| Email: | kkreisler@comstockinc.com | ||
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed and delivered this Investors’ Rights Agreement as of the date first written above.
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INVESTOR: |
MARDIS VENTURES, LLC |
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By: |
/s/ Renee Mardis |
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Name |
Renee Mardis |
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Title: |
Manager |
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed and delivered this Investors’ Rights Agreement as of the date first written above.
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INVESTOR: |
Comstock Fuels Corporation |
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By: |
/s/ Corrado De Gasperis |
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Name: |
Corrado De Gasperis |
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Title: |
Chief Executive Officer |
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INVESTOR: |
Comstock IP Holdings LLC |
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By: |
/s/ Corrado De Gasperis |
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Name: |
Corrado De Gasperis |
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Title: |
Chief Executive Officer |
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INVESTOR |
Comstock Innovations Corporation |
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By: |
/s/ Corrado De Gasperis |
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Name: |
Corrado De Gasperis |
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Title: |
Chief Executive Officer |
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INVESTOR: |
Comstock Fuels Oklahoma LLC |
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By: |
/s/ Corrado De Gasperis |
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Name: |
Corrado De Gasperis |
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Title: |
Chief Executive Officer |
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INVESTOR |
Comstock Engineering Corporation |
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By: |
/s/ Corrado De Gasperis |
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Name: |
Corrado De Gasperis |
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Title: |
Chief Executive Officer |
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INVESTOR: |
Bioleum PDC Madison LLC |
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By: |
/s/ Corrado De Gasperis |
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Name: |
Corrado De Gasperis |
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Title: |
Chief Executive Officer |
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed and delivered this Investors’ Rights Agreement as of the date first written above.
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INVESTOR: |
Type One Asset Management LLC |
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By: |
/s/ Kevin Kreisler |
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Name: |
Kevin Kreisler |
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Title: |
Manager |
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INVESTOR: |
Global Catalytic Disruptor Fund LLC |
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By: |
/s/ David Winsness |
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Name: |
David Winsness |
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Title: |
Manager |
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INVESTOR: |
Bobbili Equity Holdings LLC |
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By: |
/s/ Rahul Bobbili |
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Name: |
Rahul Bobbili |
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Title: |
Manager |
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INVESTOR: |
EDP Bioleum LLC |
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By: |
/s/ Chad Michael Black |
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Name: |
Chad Michael Black |
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Title; |
Manager |
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INVESTOR: |
Visasha Holdings LLC |
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By: |
/s/ Colby Korsun |
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Name: |
Colby Korsun |
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Title: |
Manager |
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INVESTOR: |
The Design Shop LLC |
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By: |
/s/ Michael Riebel |
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Name: |
Michael Riebel |
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Title: |
Manager |
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed and delivered this Investors’ Rights Agreement as of the date first written above.
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INVESTOR: |
Christopher Frey |
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By: |
/s/ Christopher Frey |
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Name: |
Christopher Frey |
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Title: |
Individual |
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INVESTOR: |
Michael DeGasperis |
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By: |
/s/ Michael DeGasperis |
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Name: |
Michael DeGasperis |
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Title: |
Individual |
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INVESTOR: |
Milton Riebel |
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By: |
/s/ Milton Riebel |
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Name: |
Milton Riebel |
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Title: |
Individual |
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INVESTOR: |
Priyanka Parmar |
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By: |
/s/ Priyanka Parmar |
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Name: |
Priyanka Parmar |
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Title: |
Individual |
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INVESTOR: |
Jordan Thut |
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By: |
/s/ Jordan Thut |
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Name: |
Jordan Thut |
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Title: |
Individual |
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SCHEDULE A
INVESTORS
[Information has been omitted from the filed version of the exhibit.]
Exhibit 10.3
Certain identified information has been excluded from the exhibit because it is both not material and would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
VOTING AGREEMENT
THIS VOTING AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) is made as of May 21, 2025, by and among Bioleum Corporation, a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), and the Investors (as defined below).
RECITALS
WHEREAS, concurrently with the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Company and the Investors are entering into certain assignment and assumption agreements and that certain Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) providing for the sale of shares of the Preferred Stock (as defined below) and in connection with that agreement the parties desire to provide the Investors with the right, among other rights, to designate the election of certain members of the board of directors of the Company (the “Board”) in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.
WHEREAS, as of the date hereof, the Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Company (the “Restated Articles”) provides that: the holders of record of the shares of the Preferred Stock, $0.000001 par value per share, of the Company (“Preferred Stock”), exclusively and as a separate class, shall be entitled to elect seven directors of the Company (the “Preferred Directors”).
WHEREAS, the parties also desire to enter into this Agreement to set forth their agreements and understandings with respect to how shares of the capital stock of the Company held by them will be voted on, or tendered, in connection with, an acquisition of the Company and voted on in connection with an increase in the number of shares of common stock, $0.000001 par value per share, of the Company (“Common Stock”) required to provide for the conversion of the Preferred Stock.
NOW, THEREFORE, the parties agree as follows:
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1. |
Voting Provisions Regarding the Board. |
1.1 Definitions. For purposes of this Agreement:
(a) “Affiliate” means, with respect to any specified Person, any other Person who, directly or indirectly, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with such Person, including, without limitation, any general partner, managing member, officer, director or trustee of such Person, or any venture capital fund or other investment fund now or hereafter existing that is controlled by one or more general partners, managing members or investment advisers of, or shares the same management company or investment adviser with, such Person.
(b) “Investors” means the persons named on Schedule A hereto, each person who hereafter becomes a party to this Agreement pursuant to Section 7.1(a) and each person to whom the rights of an Investor are assigned pursuant to Section 7.2.
(c) “Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, trust, limited liability company, association, or other entity.
(d) “Sanctioned Party” means any Person: (i) organized under the laws of, ordinarily resident in, or located in a country or territory that is the subject of comprehensive Sanctions (which as of the date of this Agreement comprise Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Syria, and the Crimea, Donetsk, and Luhansk regions of Ukraine (“Restricted Countries”)); (ii) 50% or more owned or controlled by the government of a Restricted Country; or (iii) (A) designated on a sanctioned parties list administered by the United States, including, without limitation, the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control’s Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List, Foreign Sanctions Evaders List, Sectoral Sanctions Identification List (collectively, “Designated Parties”); or (B) 50% or more owned or, where relevant under applicable Sanctions, controlled, individually or in the aggregate, by one or more Designated Party, in each case only to the extent that dealings with such Person is are prohibited pursuant to applicable Sanctions.
(e) “Sanctions” means applicable laws and regulations pertaining to trade and economic sanctions administered by the United States.
(f) “Shares” shall mean and include any securities of the Company that the holders of which are entitled to vote for members of the Board, including, without limitation, all shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock, by whatever name called, now owned or subsequently acquired by a Stockholder, however acquired, whether through stock splits, stock dividends, reclassifications, recapitalizations, similar events or otherwise.
(g) “Stockholders” means the Investors.
(h) Any reference in this Agreement to “vote” or “voting” or similar language shall include, without limitation, action by written consent of the stockholders.
1.2 Board Composition. Each Stockholder agrees to vote, or cause to be voted, all Shares owned by such Stockholder, or over which such Stockholder has voting control, from time to time and at all times, in whatever manner as shall be necessary to ensure that at each annual or special meeting of stockholders at which an election of directors is held or pursuant to any written consent of the stockholders, subject to Section 5, the following persons shall be elected to the Board:
(a) As Series A Preferred Directors, two persons designated from time to time after the initial closing of the Series A Preferred Stock by one or more holders of Series A Preferred Stock (the “Series A Preferred Directors”), for so long as each of such holders of Series A Preferred Stock and/or its Affiliates are not Sanctioned Parties,
(b) As a Series A Preferred Director, upon the initial closing of the Series A Preferred Stock, one person designated from time to time by Mardis Ventures, LLC (the “Mardis Director”), for so long as Mardis Ventures, LLC and/or its Affiliates are not Sanctioned Parties, which individual as of the date of this Agreement is Stephen Gelnar, Esq., and the Mardis Director shall be a member of the compensation committee;
(c) Up to three persons designated from time to time by Comstock Inc., with one person being designated by Comstock Inc. simultaneously with the election or appointment of each person as a Series A Preferred Director pursuant to Section 1.2(a) above (collectively, the “Comstock Directors”), for so long as Comstock Inc. and/or its Affiliates are not Sanctioned Parties, with the first individual being William Nance, and the second and third persons being Walter Marting and Leo Drozdoff (who shall be granted rights as board observers until such time as they can be elected or appointed to the Board);
(d) One person designated from time to time by a majority of the holders of Series 2 Preferred Stock (the “Series 2 Preferred Director”), which individual subsequent to the date of this Agreement being Kevin Kreisler; and
(e) One officer of the Company designated by the Company, which individual as of the date of this Agreement is Corrado DeGasperis.
If a deadlock occurs, then any such matter shall be determined by the vote of a majority of the holders of Series A Preferred Stock.
For clarity, to the extent that the election of a Director pursuant to any of foregoing clauses (a) through (b) above shall not be applicable, or shall cause the Company to violate applicable Sanctions, any member of the Board who would otherwise have been designated in accordance with the terms thereof shall instead be voted upon by all the stockholders of the Company entitled to vote thereon in accordance with, and pursuant to, the Restated Articles.
1.3 Failure to Designate a Director Candidate; Vacancies. In the absence of any designation from the Person(s) with the right to designate a director as specified above, the individual then serving in such director position shall be reelected if willing to serve unless such individual has been removed as provided herein, and otherwise such Board seat shall remain vacant until filled as provided above. Similarly, in the absence of the requisite approval of the Board and/or the Company’s stockholders, as applicable, of an individual to serve as a director as specified above, the individual then serving in such director position shall be reelected if willing to serve unless such individual has been removed as provided herein, and otherwise such Board seat shall remain vacant until filled as provided above. Any vacancies created by the resignation, removal or death of a director elected pursuant to Section 1.2 shall be filled only pursuant to the provisions of this Section 1.3.
1.4 Removal of Board Members. Each Stockholder also agrees to vote, or cause to be voted, all Shares owned by such Stockholder, or over which such Stockholder has voting control, from time to time and at all times, in whatever manner as shall be necessary to ensure that:
(a) a director elected or serving pursuant to Section 1.2, or reelected pursuant to Section 1.3, shall be promptly removed from office upon the occurrence of any of the following: (i) written request of any Person(s) who would be entitled to designate a replacement for such director pursuant to Section 1.2 to remove such director; (ii) written request of stockholders that hold the requisite votes to approve a replacement for such director pursuant to Section 1.2 to remove such director; (iii) if such director is no longer entitled or eligible to occupy such Board seat pursuant to the applicable conditions of Section 1.2; or (iv) either the Director or the Person or Entity entitled to designate the Director is a Sanctioned Party;
(b) no director elected or serving pursuant to Section 1.2, or reelected pursuant to Section 1.3, may be removed from office unless (i) such removal is made in accordance with Section 1.4(a); or (ii) the applicable subsection of Section 1.2 is no longer in effect pursuant to its terms.
1.5 Stockholder Action. All Stockholders agree to execute and deliver any written consents required to perform the obligations of this Section 1, and the Company agrees to call a special meeting of stockholders for the purpose of electing, removing or replacing directors upon the written request of (i) any Person entitled to designate a director or (ii) the holders of the requisite number of shares of capital stock entitled to approve a director candidate pursuant to Section 1.2.
1.6 No Liability for Election of Designated or Approved Directors. No Stockholder, nor any Affiliate of any Stockholder, shall have any liability as a result of designating or approving a person for election as a director for any act or omission by such designated or approved person in such person’s capacity as a director of the Company, nor shall any Stockholder have any liability as a result of voting for any such designee in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.
1.7 Observer Rights. A majority of the holders of Series 2 Preferred Stock shall have the right to appoint one (1) person (an “Observer”) to attend and observe (but not vote) at all meetings of the Board and any board of directors or equivalent governing body of the Company and any direct or indirect subsidiary, and any committee thereof, whether in person, by telephone or otherwise. The Company shall notify (at the same time as such is given to the Board) the Observer in writing of (A) the date and time for each general or special meeting of the Board or any board of directors or equivalent governing body of the Company and any direct or indirect subsidiary, as applicable, or any committee thereof and (B) the adoption of any resolutions or actions by written consent (describing, in reasonable detail, the nature and substance of such action). The Company shall concurrently deliver to the Observer any materials delivered to the Board or any board of directors or equivalent governing body of the Company or any direct or indirect subsidiary, as applicable, including a draft of any resolutions or actions proposed to be adopted by written consent. The Observer shall be free prior to such meeting or adoption by consent to contact the Board or any board of directors or equivalent governing body of the Company or any direct or indirect subsidiary; as applicable, and discuss the pending actions to be taken.
2. Vote to Increase Authorized Common Stock. Each Stockholder agrees to vote or cause to be voted all Shares owned by such Stockholder, or over which such Stockholder has voting control, from time to time and at all times, in whatever manner as shall be necessary to increase the number of authorized shares of Common Stock from time to time to ensure that there will be sufficient shares of Common Stock available for conversion of all of the shares of Preferred Stock outstanding at any given time.
3. Drag-Along Right.
3.1 Definitions. A “Sale of the Company” shall mean either: (a) a transaction or series of related transactions in which a Person, or a group of related Persons, acquires from stockholders of the Company shares representing more than 50% of the outstanding voting power of the Company (a “Stock Sale”); or (b) a transaction that qualifies as a “Deemed Liquidation Event,” as defined in the Restated Articles.
3.2 Actions to be Taken. In the event that (i) the holders of a majority of the shares of Common Stock then issued or issuable upon conversion of the then-outstanding shares of Preferred Stock (the “Selling Investors”) and (ii) the Board approve a Sale of the Company (which approval of the Selling Investors must be in writing), specifying that this Section 3 shall apply to such transaction, then, subject to satisfaction of each of the conditions set forth in Section 3.3 below, each Stockholder and the Company hereby agree:
(a) if such transaction requires stockholder approval, with respect to all Shares that such Stockholder owns or over which such Stockholder otherwise exercises voting power, to vote (in person, by proxy or by action by written consent, as applicable) all Shares in favor of, and approve, such Sale of the Company (together with any related amendment or restatement to the Restated Articles required to implement such Sale of the Company) and the related definitive agreement(s) pursuant to which the Sale of the Company is to be consummated and to vote in opposition to any and all other proposals that could reasonably be expected to delay or impair the ability of the Company to consummate such Sale of the Company;
(b) if such transaction is a Stock Sale, to sell the same proportion of shares of capital stock of the Company beneficially held by such Stockholder as is being sold by the Selling Investors to the Person to whom the Selling Investors propose to sell their Shares, and, except as permitted in Section 3.3 below, on the same terms and conditions as the other stockholders of the Company;
(c) to execute and deliver all related documentation and take such other action in support of the Sale of the Company as shall reasonably be requested by the Company or the Selling Investors in order to carry out the terms and provision of this Section 3, including, without limitation, (i) executing and delivering instruments of conveyance and transfer, and any purchase agreement, merger agreement, any associated indemnity agreement, any reasonably customary release agreement in the capacity of a securityholder, termination of investment related documents, accredited investor forms, documents evidencing the removal of board designees as power of attorneys or escrow agreement, any associated voting, support, or joinder agreement, consent, waiver, governmental filing, share certificates duly endorsed for transfer (free and clear of impermissible liens, claims and encumbrances), and any similar or related documents and (ii) providing any information reasonably necessary for any public filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with the Sale of the Company;
(d) not to deposit, and to cause their Affiliates not to deposit, except as provided in this Agreement, any Shares of the Company owned by such party or Affiliate in a voting trust or subject any Shares to any arrangement or agreement with respect to the voting of such Shares, unless specifically requested to do so by the acquirer in connection with the Sale of the Company;
(e) to refrain from (i) exercising any dissenters’ rights or rights of appraisal under applicable law at any time with respect to such Sale of the Company, or (ii); asserting any claim or commencing, joining or participating in any way (including, without limitation, as a member of a class in any action, suit or proceeding challenging the Sale of the Company, this Agreement, consummation of the transactions contemplated in connection with the Sale of the Company or this Agreement, without limitation, (x) challenging the validity of, or seeking to enjoin the operation of, or the definitive agreement(s) with respect to such Sale of the Company or (y) alleging a breach of any fiduciary duty of the Selling Investors or any Affiliate or associate thereof, directors of the Company or the acquirer(s) (including, without limitation, aiding and abetting breach of fiduciary duty) in connection with the Sale of the Company or any action taken thereby with respect to such Sale of the Company;
(f) if the consideration to be paid in exchange for the Shares pursuant to this Section 3 includes any securities and due receipt thereof by any Stockholder would require under applicable law (x) the registration or qualification of such securities or of any person as a broker or dealer or agent with respect to such securities; or (y) the provision to any Stockholder of any information other than such information as a prudent issuer would generally furnish in an offering made solely to “accredited investors” as defined in Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), the Company may cause to be paid to any such Stockholder in lieu thereof, against surrender of the Shares which would have otherwise been sold by such Stockholder, an amount in cash equal to the fair value (as determined in good faith by the Board) of the securities which such Stockholder would otherwise receive as of the date of the issuance of such securities in exchange for the Shares; and
(g) in the event that the Selling Investors, in connection with such Sale of the Company, appoint a stockholder representative (the “Stockholder Representative”) with respect to matters affecting the Stockholders under the applicable definitive transaction agreements following consummation of such Sale of the Company, (x) to consent to (i) the appointment of such Stockholder Representative, (ii) the establishment of any applicable escrow, expense or similar fund in connection with any indemnification or similar obligations, and (iii) the payment of such Stockholder’s pro rata portion (from the applicable escrow or expense fund or otherwise) of any and all reasonable fees and expenses to such Stockholder Representative in connection with such Stockholder Representative’s services and duties in connection with such Sale of the Company and its related service as the representative of the Stockholders, and (y) not to assert any claim or commence any suit against the Stockholder Representative or any other Stockholder with respect to any action or inaction taken or failed to be taken by the Stockholder Representative, within the scope of the Stockholder Representative’s authority, in connection with its service as the Stockholder Representative, absent fraud, bad faith, gross negligence, or willful misconduct.
3.3 Conditions. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, a Stockholder will not be required to comply with Section 3.2 above in connection with any proposed Sale of the Company (the “Proposed Sale”), unless:
(a) any representations and warranties to be made by such Stockholder in connection with the Proposed Sale are limited to representations and warranties related to authority, ownership and the ability to convey title to such Shares, including, but not limited to, representations and warranties that (i) the Stockholder holds all right, title and interest in and to the Shares such Stockholder purports to hold, free and clear of all liens and encumbrances, (ii) the obligations of the Stockholder in connection with the transaction have been duly authorized, if applicable, (iii) the documents to be entered into by the Stockholder have been duly executed by the Stockholder and delivered to the acquirer and are enforceable (subject to customary limitations) against the Stockholder in accordance with their respective terms; and (iv) neither the execution and delivery of documents to be entered into by the Stockholder in connection with the transaction, nor the performance of the Stockholder’s obligations thereunder, will cause a breach or violation of the terms of any agreement (including the Company’s or such Stockholder’s organizational documents) to which the Stockholder is a party, or any law or judgment, order or decree of any court or governmental agency that applies to the Stockholder;
(b) such Stockholder is not required to agree (unless such Stockholder is a Company officer, director, or employee) to any restrictive covenant in connection with the Proposed Sale (including, without limitation, any covenant not to compete or covenant not to solicit customers, employees or suppliers of any party to the Proposed Sale) or any release of claims other than a release in customary form of claims arising solely in such Stockholder’s capacity as a stockholder of the Company;
(c) such Stockholder and its Affiliates are not required to amend, extend or terminate any contractual or other relationship with the Company, the acquirer or their respective Affiliates, except that the Stockholder may be required to agree to terminate the investment-related documents between or among such Stockholder, the Company and/or other stockholders of the Company;
(d) the Stockholder is not liable for the breach of any representation, warranty or covenant made by any other Person in connection with the Proposed Sale, other than the Company;
(e) liability shall be limited to such Stockholder’s applicable share (determined based on the respective proceeds payable to each Stockholder in connection with such Proposed Sale in accordance with the provisions of the Restated Articles) of a negotiated aggregate indemnification amount that in no event exceeds the amount of consideration otherwise payable to such Stockholder in connection with such Proposed Sale in such person’s capacity as a stockholder of the Company, except with respect to claims related to fraud by such Stockholder, the liability for which need not be limited as to such Stockholder; and
(f) upon the consummation of the Proposed Sale (i) each holder of each class or series of the capital stock of the Company will receive the same form of consideration for their shares of such class or series as is received by other holders in respect of their shares of such same class or series of stock, and if any holders of any capital stock of the Company are given a choice as to the form of consideration to be received as a result of the Proposed Sale, all holders of such capital stock will be given the same option, (ii) each holder of a series of Preferred Stock will receive the same amount of consideration per share of such series of Preferred Stock as is received by other holders in respect of their shares of such same series, (iii) each holder of Common Stock will receive the same amount of consideration per share of Common Stock as is received by other holders in respect of their shares of Common Stock, and (iv) unless waived pursuant to the terms of the Restated Articles or as may be required by law, the aggregate consideration receivable by all holders of the Preferred Stock and Common Stock shall be allocated among the holders of Preferred Stock and Common Stock on the basis of the relative liquidation preferences to which the holders of each respective series of Preferred Stock and the holders of Common Stock are entitled in a Deemed Liquidation Event (assuming for this purpose that the Proposed Sale is a Deemed Liquidation Event) in accordance with the Company’s Restated Articles in effect immediately prior to the Proposed Sale; provided, however, that, notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 3.3(f), if the consideration to be paid in exchange for the Shares held by the Stockholder pursuant to this Section 3.3(f) includes any securities and due receipt thereof by any Stockholder would require under applicable law (x) the registration or qualification of such securities or of any person as a broker or dealer or agent with respect to such securities; or (y) the provision to any Stockholder of any information other than such information as a prudent issuer would generally furnish in an offering made solely to “accredited investors” as defined in Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act, the Company may cause to be paid to any such Stockholder in lieu thereof, against surrender of the Shares held by the Stockholder, which would have otherwise been sold by such Stockholder, an amount in cash equal to the fair value (as determined in good faith by the Board) of the securities which such Stockholder would otherwise receive as of the date of the issuance of such securities in exchange for the Shares held by the Stockholder.
3.4 Restrictions on Sales of Control of the Company. No Stockholder shall be a party to any Stock Sale unless (a) all holders of Preferred Stock are allowed to participate in such transaction(s) and (b) the consideration received pursuant to such transaction is allocated among the parties thereto in the manner specified in the Company’s Restated Articles in effect immediately prior to the Stock Sale (as if such transaction(s) were a Deemed Liquidation Event), unless the holders of at least the requisite percentage required to waive treatment of the transaction(s) as a Deemed Liquidation Event pursuant to the terms of the Restated Articles, elect to allocate the consideration differently by written notice given to the Company at least ten (10) days prior to the effective date of any such transaction or series of related transactions.
3.5 Effect of Sanctioned Party Status. For clarity, if any Stockholder is a Sanctioned Party, such Stockholder will not be required to take any action described in Section 3.2, and will not be entitled to receive any benefit described in Section 3.3, if such action would cause the Company or any other party to violate applicable Sanctions. The Shares held by such Stockholders shall be disregarded for the purpose of calculating any voting threshold set forth in this Agreement.
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4. |
Remedies. |
4.1 Covenants of the Company. In addition to its obligations pursuant to Section 1.5 above, the Company covenants and agrees to call a special meeting of stockholders for the purposes of (a) increasing the number of authorized shares of Common Stock as contemplated by Section 2, upon the written request of any holder of Preferred Stock, and (b) approving a Sale of the Company, upon the written request of the Selling Investors in accordance with Section 3.3.
4.2 Irrevocable Proxy and Power of Attorney. Each party to this Agreement hereby constitutes and appoints as the proxies of the party and hereby grants a power of attorney to the President of the Company and the Chairperson of the Board (each, a “Proxyholder”), and a designee of the Selling Investors, and each of them, with full power of substitution, with respect to the matters set forth herein, including, without limitation, votes regarding the composition of the Board, votes to increase authorized shares and votes regarding any Sale of the Company, and hereby authorizes each of them to represent and vote, if and only if the party (i) fails to vote within five business days after request by the Company, (ii) is prohibited from voting due to Sanctions or other applicable laws, or (iii) attempts to vote (whether by proxy, in person or by written consent), in a manner which is inconsistent with the terms of this Agreement, all of such party’s Shares in favor of the election or removal of persons as members of the Board determined pursuant to and in accordance with the terms and provisions of this Agreement or the increase of authorized shares or approval of any Sale of the Company pursuant to and in accordance with the terms and provisions of this Agreement or to take any action reasonably necessary to effect this Agreement. The power of attorney granted hereunder shall authorize each Proxyholder to execute and deliver any documentation required by this Agreement on behalf of any party failing to do so within five business days after request by the Company. Each of the proxy and power of attorney granted pursuant to this Section 4.2 is given in consideration of the agreements and covenants of the Company and the parties in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and, as such, each is coupled with an interest and shall be irrevocable unless and until this Agreement terminates or expires pursuant to Section 6 hereof. Each party hereto hereby revokes any and all previous proxies or powers of attorney with respect to the Shares and shall not hereafter, unless and until this Agreement terminates or expires pursuant to Section 6 hereof, purport to grant any other proxy or power of attorney with respect to any of the Shares, deposit any of the Shares into a voting trust or enter into any agreement (other than this Agreement), arrangement or understanding with any person, directly or indirectly, to vote, grant any proxy or give instructions with respect to the voting of any of the Shares, in each case, with respect to any of the matters set forth herein.
4.3 Specific Enforcement. Each party acknowledges and agrees that each party hereto will be irreparably damaged in the event any of the provisions of this Agreement are not performed by the parties in accordance with their specific terms or are otherwise breached. Accordingly, it is agreed that each of the Company and the Stockholders shall be entitled to an injunction to prevent breaches of this Agreement, and to specific enforcement of this Agreement and its terms and provisions in any action instituted in any court of the United States or any state having subject matter jurisdiction; provided that no party that is regulated as a bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, shall have the right to enforce against any Stockholder any provisions of this Agreement that (a) requires a Stockholder to vote for or against any matter or (b) restricts or conditions the ability of a Stockholder to transfer its Shares. Each party to this Agreement agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to cooperate in seeking and agreeing to an expedited schedule in any litigation seeking an injunction or order of specific performance.
4.4 Remedies Cumulative. All remedies, either under this Agreement or by law or otherwise afforded to any party, shall be cumulative and not alternative.
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5. |
“Bad Actor” and Sanctioned Party Matters. |
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5.1 |
Definitions. For purposes of this Agreement: |
(a) “Company Covered Person” means, with respect to the Company as an “issuer” for purposes of Rule 506 promulgated under the Securities Act, any Person listed in the first paragraph of Rule 506(d)(1).
(b) “Disqualified Designee” means any director designee to whom any Disqualification Event is applicable, except for a Disqualification Event as to which Rule 506(d)(2)(ii) or
(iii) or (d)(3) is applicable.
(c) “Disqualification Event” means a “bad actor” disqualifying event described in Rule 506(d)(1)(i)-(viii) promulgated under the Securities Act or any event which results in a director designee becoming a Sanctioned Party.
(d) “Rule 506(d) Related Party” means, with respect to any Person, any other Person that is a beneficial owner of such first Person’s securities for purposes of Rule 506(d) under the Securities Act.
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5.2 |
Representations. |
(a) Each Person with the right to designate or participate in the designation of a director pursuant to this Agreement hereby represents that (i) such Person has exercised reasonable care to determine whether any Disqualification Event is applicable to such Person, any director designee designated by such Person pursuant to this Agreement or any of such Person’s Rule 506(d) Related Parties and (ii) no Disqualification Event is applicable to such Person, any Board member designated by such Person pursuant to this Agreement or, to such Person’s knowledge, any of such Person’s Rule 506(d) Related Parties, except, if applicable, for a Disqualification Event as to which Rule 506(d)(2)(ii) or (iii) or (d)(3) is applicable. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, each Investor makes no representation regarding any Person that may be deemed to be a beneficial owner of the Company’s voting equity securities held by such Investor solely by virtue of that Person being or becoming a party to (x) this Agreement, as may be subsequently amended, or (y) any other contract or written agreement to which the Company and such Investor are parties regarding (1) the voting power, which includes the power to vote or to direct the voting of, such security; and/or (2) the investment power, which includes the power to dispose, or to direct the disposition of, such security.
(b) The Company hereby represents and warrants to the Investors that no Disqualification Event is applicable to the Company or, to the Company’s knowledge, any Company Covered Person, except for a Disqualification Event as to which Rule 506(d)(2)(ii)-(iv) or (d)(3) is applicable.
5.3 Covenants. Each Person with the right to designate or participate in the designation of a director pursuant to this Agreement covenants and agrees (i) not to designate or participate in the designation of any director designee who, to such Person’s knowledge, is a Disqualified Designee, (ii) to exercise reasonable care to determine whether any director designee designated by such person is a Disqualified Designee, (iii) that in the event such Person becomes aware that any individual previously designated by any such Person is or has become a Disqualified Designee, such Person shall as promptly as practicable take such actions as are necessary to remove such Disqualified Designee from the Board and designate a replacement designee who is not a Disqualified Designee, and (iv) to notify the Company promptly in writing in the event a Disqualification Event becomes applicable to such Person or any of its Rule 506(d) Related Parties, or, to such Person’s knowledge, to such Person’s initial designee named in Section 1.2, except, if applicable, for a Disqualification Event as to which Rule 506(d)(2)(ii) or (iii) or (d)(3) is applicable.
6. Term. This Agreement shall be effective as of the date hereof and shall continue in effect until and shall terminate upon the earliest to occur of (a) the consummation of a Qualified IPO (as defined in the Restated Articles); (b) the consummation of a Sale of the Company and distribution of proceeds to or escrow for the benefit of the Stockholders in accordance with the Restated Articles, provided that the provisions of Section 3 hereof will continue after the closing of any Sale of the Company to the extent necessary to enforce the provisions of Section 3 with respect to such Sale of the Company; (c) termination of this Agreement in accordance with Section 7.8 below.
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7. |
Miscellaneous. |
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7.1 |
Additional Parties. |
(a) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, if the Company issues additional shares of Preferred Stock after the date hereof, as a condition to the issuance of such shares the Company shall require that any purchaser of such shares become a party to this Agreement by executing and delivering a counterpart signature page to this Agreement agreeing to be bound by and subject to the terms of this Agreement as an Investor and Stockholder hereunder. Each such Person shall thereafter be deemed an Investor and Stockholder for all purposes under this Agreement. The Company shall amend Schedule A to include such purchaser as an Investor and Stockholder, but failure to update Schedule A shall not negate such Investor’s rights and obligations pursuant to this Agreement.
(b) In the event that after the date of this Agreement, the Company enters into an agreement with any Person to issue shares of capital stock or options or warrants to purchase shares of capital stock to such Person (other than to a purchaser of Preferred Stock described in Section 7.1(a) above), following which such Person shall hold Shares constituting 1% or more of the then outstanding capital stock of the Company (treating for this purpose all shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise or conversion of outstanding options, warrants or convertible securities, as if exercised and/or converted or exchanged), then the Company shall require such Person, as a condition precedent to entering into such agreement, to become a party to this Agreement by executing and delivering a counterpart signature page to this Agreement agreeing to be bound by and subject to the terms of this Agreement as a Stockholder and, if applicable, an Investor. Each such Person shall thereafter be deemed a Stockholder and, if applicable, an Investor for all purposes under this Agreement. The Company shall amend Schedule B to include such purchaser as an Investor, but failure to update Schedule B shall not negate such Stockholder’s rights and obligations pursuant to this Agreement.
7.2 Transfers. Each transferee or assignee of any Shares subject to this Agreement shall continue to be subject to the terms hereof, and, as a condition precedent to the Company’s recognition of such transfer, each transferee or assignee shall agree in writing to be subject to each of the terms of this Agreement by executing and delivering a counterpart signature page in this Agreement, agreeing to be bound by and subject to the terms of this Agreement in the same capacity as the transferor. Upon the execution and delivery of a counterpart signature page to this Agreement by any transferee, such transferee shall be deemed to be a party hereto as if such transferee were the transferor and such transferee’s signature appeared on the signature pages of this Agreement and shall be deemed to be an Investor and Stockholder, or Investor and Stockholder, as applicable. The Company shall not permit the transfer of the Shares subject to this Agreement on its books or issue a new certificate representing any such Shares unless and until such transferee shall have complied with the terms of this Section 7.2. Each certificate instrument, or book entry representing the Shares subject to this Agreement if issued on or after the date of this Agreement shall be notated by the Company with the legend set forth in Section 7.12. The Company shall amend the applicable Schedules to include such transferee as an Investor, and/or Stockholder, as applicable, but the Company’s failure to update the Schedules to this Agreement shall not negate such Stockholder’s rights and obligations pursuant to this Agreement.
7.3 Successors and Assigns. The terms and conditions of this Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the respective successors and assigns of the parties; provided, however, that the rights to designate members of the Board in Sections 1.2(a)-(b) are nontransferable (and shall not be binding upon or inure to the benefit of successors and assigns) other than pursuant to an amendment effected in accordance with Section 7.8 below. Nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to confer upon any party other than the parties hereto or their respective successors and assigns any rights, remedies, obligations, or liabilities under or by reason of this Agreement, except as expressly provided in this Agreement.
7.4 Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by the internal law of the State of Nevada, without regard to conflict of law principles that would result in the application of any law other than the law of the State of Nevada.
7.5 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. Counterparts may be delivered via electronic mail (including pdf or any electronic signature complying with the U.S. ESIGN Act of 2000, e.g., www.docusign.com) or other transmission method and any counterpart so delivered shall be deemed to have been duly and validly delivered and be valid and effective for all purposes.
7.6 Titles and Subtitles. The titles and subtitles used in this Agreement are used for convenience only and are not to be considered in construing or interpreting this Agreement.
7.7 Notices.
(a) General. All notices and other communications given or made pursuant to this Agreement shall be in writing (including electronic mail as permitted in this Agreement) and shall be deemed effectively given upon the earlier of actual receipt or (a) personal delivery to the party to be notified, (b) when sent, if sent by electronic mail during normal business hours of the recipient, and if not sent during normal business hours, then on the recipient’s next business day, (c) five days after having been sent by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, or (d) one business day after the business day of deposit with a nationally recognized overnight courier, freight prepaid, specifying next business day delivery, with written verification of receipt. All communications shall be sent to the respective parties at their address as set forth on the Schedules to this Agreement, or (as to the Company) to the principal office of the Company and to the attention of the Chief Executive Officer, or, in any case, to such electronic mail address or address as subsequently modified by written notice given in accordance with this Section 7.7. If notice is given to the Company, a copy (which copy shall not constitute notice) shall also be sent to Foley & Lardner LLP, 777 E. Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee WI 53202, attention: Clyde Tinnen.
(b) Consent to Electronic Notice. Each Purchaser consents to the delivery of any stockholder notice pursuant to the NRS, as amended or superseded from time to time, by electronic mail pursuant to NRS 75.150(2) (or any successor thereto) at the electronic mail address set forth below such Stockholder’s name on the Schedules hereto, as updated from time to time by notice to the Company, or as on the books of the Company. To the extent that any notice given by means of electronic mail is returned or undeliverable for any reason, the foregoing consent shall be deemed to have been revoked until a new or corrected electronic mail address has been provided, and such attempted electronic notice shall be ineffective and deemed to not have been given. Each Stockholder agrees to promptly notify the Company of any change in its electronic mail address, and that failure to do so shall not affect the foregoing.
7.8 Consent Required to Amend, Modify, Terminate or Waive. This Agreement may be amended, modified or terminated (other than pursuant to Section 6) and the observance of any term hereof may be waived (either generally or in a particular instance and either retroactively or prospectively) only by a written instrument executed by (a) the Company; (b) the Investors holding a majority of the Shares then held by the Investors; and (c) the holders of a majority of the shares of Preferred Stock then held by the Investors (voting together as a single class on an as-converted basis); provided that Shares held by a Sanctioned Party shall be disregarded for the purpose of the calculating the percentages set forth in this section. Notwithstanding the foregoing:
(a) this Agreement may not be amended, modified or terminated and the observance of any term of this Agreement may not be waived with respect to any Investor without the written consent of such Investor unless such amendment, modification, termination or waiver applies to all Investors, as the case may be, in the same fashion;
(b) the provisions of Section 1.2(a) and this Section 7.8(b) may not be amended, modified, terminated or waived without the written consent of Mardis Ventures, LLC for so long as Mardis Ventures, LLC continues to have rights pursuant to Section 1.2(a);
(c) the provisions of Section Error! Reference source not found. and this Section 7.8(c) may not be amended, modified, terminated or waived without the written consent of Comstock Inc. for so long as Comstock Inc. continues to have rights pursuant to Section 1.2(a);
(d) the consent of the Investors shall not be required for any amendment, modification, termination or waiver if such amendment, modification, termination, or waiver either (A) is not directly applicable to the rights of the Investors hereunder; or (B) does not adversely affect the rights of the Investors in a manner that is different than the effect on the rights of the other parties hereto;
(e) the Schedules to this Agreement may be amended by the Company from time to time in accordance with Sections 7.1 and 7.2 without the consent of the other parties hereto; and
(f) any provision hereof may be waived by the waiving party on such party’s own behalf, without the consent of any other party.
The Company shall give prompt written notice of any amendment, modification, termination, or waiver hereunder to any party that did not consent in writing thereto. Any amendment, modification, termination, or waiver effected in accordance with this Section 7.8 shall be binding on each party and all of such party’s successors and permitted assigns, whether or not any such party, successor or assignee entered into or approved such amendment, modification, termination or waiver. For purposes of this Section 7.8, the requirement of a written instrument may be satisfied in the form of an action by written consent of the Stockholders circulated by the Company and executed and delivered by the Stockholder parties specified, whether or not such action by written consent makes explicit reference to the terms of this Agreement.
7.9 Delays or Omissions. No delay or omission to exercise any right, power or remedy accruing to any party under this Agreement, upon any breach or default of any other party under this Agreement, shall impair any such right, power or remedy of such non-breaching or non-defaulting party nor shall it be construed to be a waiver of any such breach or default, or an acquiescence therein, or of or in any similar breach or default thereafter occurring; nor shall any waiver of any single breach or default be deemed a waiver of any other breach or default previously or thereafter occurring. Any waiver, permit, consent or approval of any kind or character on the part of any party of any breach or default under this Agreement, or any waiver on the part of any party of any provisions or conditions of this Agreement, must be in writing and shall be effective only to the extent specifically set forth in such writing. All remedies, either under this Agreement or by law or otherwise afforded to any party, shall be cumulative and not alternative.
7.10 Severability. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision hereof shall in no way affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision.
7.11 Entire Agreement. This Agreement (including the Exhibits and Schedules hereto) together with the Restated Articles and other Transaction Agreements (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) constitute the full and entire understanding and agreement among the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof, and any other written or oral agreement relating to the subject matter hereof existing between or among any of the parties are expressly canceled.
7.12 Share Certificate Legend. Each certificate, instrument, or book entry representing any Shares issued after the date hereof shall be notated by the Company with a legend reading substantially as follows:
“THE SHARES REPRESENTED HEREBY ARE SUBJECT TO A VOTING AGREEMENT, AS MAY BE AMENDED FROM TIME TO TIME (A COPY OF WHICH MAY BE OBTAINED UPON WRITTEN REQUEST FROM THE COMPANY), AND BY ACCEPTING ANY INTEREST IN SUCH SHARES THE PERSON ACCEPTING SUCH INTEREST SHALL BE DEEMED TO AGREE TO AND SHALL BECOME BOUND BY ALL THE PROVISIONS OF THAT VOTING AGREEMENT, INCLUDING CERTAIN RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER AND OWNERSHIP SET FORTH THEREIN.”
The Company, by its execution and delivery of this Agreement, agrees that it will cause the certificates, instruments, or book entry evidencing the Shares issued after the date hereof to be notated with the legend required by this Section 7.12 of this Agreement, and it shall supply, free of charge, a copy of this Agreement to any holder of such Shares upon written request from such holder to the Company at its principal office. The parties to this Agreement do hereby agree that the failure to cause the certificates, instruments, or book entry evidencing the Shares to be notated with the legend required by this Section 7.12 herein and/or the failure of the Company to supply, free of charge, a copy of this Agreement as provided hereunder shall not affect the validity or enforcement of this Agreement.
7.13 Stock Splits, Dividends and Recapitalizations. In the event of any issuance of Shares or the voting securities of the Company hereafter to any of the Stockholders (including, without limitation, in connection with any stock split, stock dividend, recapitalization, reorganization, or the like), such Shares shall become subject to this Agreement and shall be notated with the legend set forth in Section 7.12.
7.14 Manner of Voting. The voting of Shares pursuant to this Agreement may be effected in person, by proxy, by written consent or in any other manner permitted by applicable law. For the avoidance of doubt, voting of the Shares pursuant to the Agreement need not make explicit reference to the terms of this Agreement.
7.15 Further Assurances. At any time or from time to time after the date hereof, the parties agree to cooperate with each other, and at the request of any other party, to execute and deliver any further instruments or documents and to take all such further action as the other party may reasonably request in order to carry out the intent of the parties hereunder.
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7.16 |
Dispute Resolution. |
Any unresolved controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this Agreement, except as (i) otherwise provided in this Agreement, or (ii) any such controversies or claims arising out of either party’s intellectual property rights for which a provisional remedy or equitable relief is sought, shall be submitted to arbitration by one arbitrator mutually agreed upon by the parties, and if no agreement can be reached within 30 days after names of potential arbitrators have been proposed by American Arbitration Association (“AAA”), then by one arbitrator having reasonable experience in corporate finance transactions of the type provided for in this Agreement and who is chosen by AAAS. The arbitration shall take place in Reno, Nevada, in accordance with the AAA rules for Complex Commercial Disputes then in effect, and judgment upon any award rendered in such arbitration will be binding and may be entered in any court having jurisdiction thereof. There shall be limited discovery prior to the arbitration hearing as follows: (a) exchange of witness lists and copies of documentary evidence and documents relating to the issues to be arbitrated, (b) depositions of all party witnesses, and (c) such other depositions as may be allowed by the arbitrators upon a showing of good cause. Depositions shall be conducted in accordance with the Nevada Code of Civil Procedure, the arbitrator shall be required to provide in writing to the parties the basis for the award or order of such arbitrator, and a court reporter shall record all hearings, with such record constituting the official transcript of such proceedings.
Each of the parties to this Agreement consents to personal jurisdiction for any equitable action sought in the U.S. District Court for the District of Reno, Nevada or any court of the State of Nevada having subject matter jurisdiction.
WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL: EACH PARTY HEREBY WAIVES ITS RIGHTS TO A JURY TRIAL OF ANY CLAIM OR CAUSE OF ACTION BASED UPON OR ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT, THE OTHER TRANSACTION AGREEMENTS, THE SECURITIES OR THE SUBJECT MATTER HEREOF OR THEREOF. THE SCOPE OF THIS WAIVER IS INTENDED TO BE ALL-ENCOMPASSING OF ANY AND ALL DISPUTES THAT MAY BE FILED IN ANY COURT AND THAT RELATE TO THE SUBJECT MATTER OF THIS TRANSACTION, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, CONTRACT CLAIMS, TORT CLAIMS (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), BREACH OF DUTY CLAIMS, AND ALL OTHER COMMON LAW AND STATUTORY CLAIMS. THIS SECTION HAS BEEN FULLY DISCUSSED BY EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO AND THESE PROVISIONS WILL NOT BE SUBJECT TO ANY EXCEPTIONS. EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY FURTHER WARRANTS AND REPRESENTS THAT SUCH PARTY HAS REVIEWED THIS WAIVER WITH ITS LEGAL COUNSEL, AND THAT SUCH PARTY KNOWINGLY AND VOLUNTARILY WAIVES ITS JURY TRIAL RIGHTS FOLLOWING CONSULTATION WITH LEGAL COUNSEL.
7.17 Costs of Enforcement. Each party will bear its own costs in respect of any disputes arising under this Agreement.
7.18 Aggregation of Stock. All Shares held or acquired by a Stockholder and/or its Affiliates shall be aggregated together for the purpose of determining the availability of any rights under this Agreement, and such Affiliates may apportion such rights as among themselves in any manner they deem appropriate.
[Signature Page Follows]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed and delivered this Voting Agreement as of the date first written above.
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COMPANY: |
BIOLEUM CORPORATION | |
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By: |
/s/ Kevin Kreisler |
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Name: | Kevin Kreisler |
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Title: | Chief Executive Officer |
| Address: | 4801 Gaillardia Pkwy | |
| Oklahoma City, OK 73142 |
| Email: | kkreisler@comstockinc.com |
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed and delivered this Voting Agreement as of the date first written above.
| INVESTOR: | MARDIS VENTURES, LLC | |
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By: |
/s/ Renee Mardis |
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Name: | Renee Mardis |
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Title: | Manager |
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed and delivered this Voting Agreement as of the date first written above.
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INVESTOR: |
Comstock Fuels Corporation | |
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By: |
/s/ Corrado De Gasperis |
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Name: | Corrado De Gasperis |
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Title: | Chief Executive Officer |
| INVESTOR: | Comstock IP Holdings LLC | |
| By: | /s/ Corrado De Gasperis | |
| Name: | Corrado De Gasperis | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | |
| INVESTOR: | Comstock Innovations Corporation | |
| By: | /s/ Corrado De Gasperis | |
| Name: | Corrado De Gasperis | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | |
| INVESTOR: | Comstock Fuels Oklahoma LLC | |
| By: | /s/ Corrado De Gasperis | |
| Name: | Corrado De Gasperis | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | |
| INVESTOR: | Comstock Engineering Corporation | |
| By: | /s/ Corrado De Gasperis | |
| Name: | Corrado De Gasperis | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | |
| INVESTOR: | Bioleum PDC Madison LLC | |
| By: | /s/ Corrado De Gasperis | |
| Name: | Corrado De Gasperis | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | |
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed and delivered this Voting Agreement as of the date first written above.
| INVESTOR: | Type One Asset Management LLC | |
| By: | /s/ Kevin Kreisler | |
| Name: | Kevin Kreisler | |
| Title: | Manager | |
| INVESTOR: | Global Catalytic Disruptor Fund LLC | |
| By: | /s/ David Winsness | |
| Name: | David Winsness | |
| Title: | Manager | |
| INVESTOR: | Bobbili Equity Holdings LLC | |
| By: | /s/ Rahul Bobbili | |
| Name: | Rahul Bobbili | |
| Title: | Manager | |
| INVESTOR: | EDP Bioleum LLC | |
| By: | /s/ Chad Michael Black | |
| Name: | Chad Michael Black | |
| Title: | Manager | |
| INVESTOR: | Visasha Holdings LLC | |
| By: | /s/ Colby Korsun | |
| Name: | Colby Korsun | |
| Title: | Manager | |
| INVESTOR: | The Design Shop LLC | |
| By: | /s/ Michael Riebel | |
| Name: | Michael Riebel | |
| Title: | Manager | |
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed and delivered this Voting Agreement as of the date first written above.
| INVESTOR: | Christopher Frey | |
| By: | /s/ Christopher Frey | |
| Name: | Christopher Frey | |
| Title: | Individual | |
| INVESTOR: | Michael DeGasperis | |
| By: | /s/ Michael DeGasperis | |
| Name: | Michael DeGasperis | |
| Title: | Individual | |
| INVESTOR: | Milton Riebel | |
| By: | /s/ Milton Riebel | |
| Name: | Milton Riebel | |
| Title: | Individual | |
| INVESTOR: | Priyanka Parmar | |
| By: | /s/ Priyanka Parmar | |
| Name: | Priyanka Parmar | |
| Title: | Individual | |
| INVESTOR: | Jordan Thut | |
| By: | /s/ Jordan Thut | |
| Name: | Jordan Thut | |
| Title: | Individual | |
SCHEDULE A
INVESTORS
[Information has been omitted from the filed version of the exhibit.]
Exhibit 10.4
Certain identified information has been excluded from the exhibit because it is both not material and would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
RIGHT OF FIRST REFUSAL AND CO-SALE AGREEMENT
THIS RIGHT OF FIRST REFUSAL AND CO-SALE AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”), is made as of May 21, 2025, by and among Bioleum Corporation, a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), and the Investors (as defined below).
RECITALS
WHEREAS, each Investor is the beneficial owner of shares of Capital Stock, or of options to purchase Common Stock;
WHEREAS, the Company and the Investors are parties to certain assignment and assumption agreements and that certain Stock Purchase Agreement, of even date herewith (the “Purchase Agreement”), pursuant to which certain Investors have agreed to purchase shares of the Preferred Stock of the Company, par value $0.000001 per share (“Preferred Stock”); and
WHEREAS, the Company desires to further induce the Investors to purchase the Preferred Stock.
NOW, THEREFORE, the parties agree as follows:
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1. |
Definitions. |
1.1 “Affiliate” means, with respect to any specified Person, any other Person who, directly or indirectly, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with such Person, including, without limitation, any general partner, managing member, officer, director or trustee of such Person, or any venture capital fund or other investment fund now or hereafter existing that is controlled by one or more general partners, managing members or investment advisers of, or shares the same management company or investment adviser with, such Person.
1.2 “Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.
1.3 “Capital Stock” means (a) shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock (whether now outstanding or hereafter issued in any context), (b) shares of Common Stock issued or issuable upon conversion of Preferred Stock, and (c) shares of Common Stock issued or issuable upon exercise or conversion, as applicable, of stock options, warrants or other convertible securities of the Company, in each case now owned or subsequently acquired by any Investor, or their respective successors or permitted transferees or assigns. For purposes of the number of shares of Capital Stock held by an Investor (or any other calculation based thereon), all shares of Preferred Stock shall be deemed to have been converted into Common Stock at the then-applicable conversion ratio.
1.4 “Change of Control” means a transaction or series of related transactions in which a person, or a group of related persons, acquires from stockholders of the Company shares representing more than 50% of the outstanding voting power of the Company.
1.5 “Common Stock” means shares of Common Stock of the Company, $0.000001 par value per share.
1.6 “Company Notice” means written notice from the Company notifying the selling Investors and each Investor that the Company intends to exercise its Right of First Refusal as to some or all of the Transfer Stock with respect to any Proposed Investor Transfer.
1.7 “Deemed Liquidation Event” has the meaning ascribed to it in the Restated Articles.
1.8 “DPA” means Section 721 of the Defense Production Act, as amended, including all implementing regulations thereof.
1.9 “DPA Triggering Rights” means (i) “control” (as defined in the DPA); (ii) access to any “material non-public technical information” (as defined in the DPA) in the possession of the Company; (iii) membership or observer rights on the Board of Directors or equivalent governing body of the Company or the right to nominate an individual to a position on the Board of Directors or equivalent governing body of the Company; (iv) any involvement, other than through the voting of shares, in substantive decision-making of the Company regarding (x) the use, development, acquisition or release of any Company “critical technology” (as defined in the DPA); (y) the use, development, acquisition, safekeeping, or release of “sensitive personal data” (as defined in the DPA) of U.S. citizens maintained or collected by the Company, or (z) the management, operation, manufacture, or supply of “covered investment critical infrastructure” (as defined in the DPA).
1.10 “Foreign Person” means either (i) a Person or government that is a “foreign person” within the meaning of the DPA or (ii) a Person through whose investment a “foreign person” within the meaning of the DPA would obtain any DPA Triggering Rights.
1.11 “Investor Notice” means written notice from any Investor notifying the Company and the selling Investor(s) that such Investor intends to exercise its Secondary Refusal Right as to a portion of the Transfer Stock with respect to any Proposed Investor Transfer.
1.12 “Investors” means the persons named on Schedule A hereto, each person to whom the rights of an Investor are assigned pursuant to Section 6.9, and each person who hereafter becomes a party to this Agreement pursuant to Section 6.11.
1.13 “Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, trust, limited liability company, association, or other entity.
1.14 “Preferred Stock” means all shares of Series 1 Preferred Stock, Series 2 Preferred Stock, Series A-1 Preferred Stock and Series A Preferred Stock.
1.15 “Proposed Investor Transfer” means any assignment, sale, offer to sell, pledge, mortgage, hypothecation, encumbrance, disposition of or any other like transfer or encumbering of any Transfer Stock (or any interest therein) proposed by any of the Investors.
1.16 “Proposed Transfer Notice” means written notice from an Investor setting forth the terms and conditions of a Proposed Investor Transfer.
1.17 “Prospective Transferee” means any person to whom an Investor proposes to make a Proposed Investor Transfer.
1.18 “Restated Articles” means the Company’s Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended and/or restated from time to time.
1.19 “Right of Co-Sale” means the right, but not an obligation, of an Investor to participate in a Proposed Investor Transfer on the terms and conditions specified in the Proposed Transfer Notice.
1.20 “Right of First Refusal” means the right, but not an obligation, of the Company, or its permitted transferees or assigns, to purchase some or all of the Transfer Stock with respect to a Proposed Investor Transfer, on the terms and conditions specified in the Proposed Transfer Notice.
1.21 “Sanctioned Party” means any Person: (i) organized under the laws of, ordinarily resident in, or located in a country or territory that is the subject of comprehensive Sanctions (which as of the date of this Agreement comprise Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Syria, and the Crimea, Donetsk, and Luhansk regions of Ukraine (“Restricted Countries”)); (ii) 50% or more owned or controlled by the government of a Restricted Country; or (iii) (A) designated on a sanctioned parties list administered by the United States, including, without limitation, the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control’s Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List, Foreign Sanctions Evaders List, Sectoral Sanctions Identification List (collectively, “Designated Parties”); or (B) 50% or more owned or, where relevant under applicable Sanctions, controlled, individually or in the aggregate, by one or more Designated Party, in each case only to the extent that dealings with such Person is are prohibited pursuant to applicable Sanctions.
1.22 “Sanctions” means applicable laws and regulations pertaining to trade and economic sanctions administered by the United States.
1.23 “Secondary Notice” means written notice from the Company notifying the Investors and the selling Investor that the Company does not intend to exercise its Right of First Refusal as to all shares of any Transfer Stock with respect to a Proposed Investor Transfer, on the terms and conditions specified in the Proposed Transfer Notice.
1.24 “Secondary Refusal Right” means the right, but not an obligation, of each Investor to purchase up to its pro rata portion (based upon the total number of shares of Capital Stock then held by all Investors) of any Transfer Stock not purchased pursuant to the Right of First Refusal, on the terms and conditions specified in the Proposed Transfer Notice.
1.25 “Transfer Stock” means shares of Capital Stock owned by an Investor, or issued to an Investor after the date hereof (including, without limitation, in connection with any stock split, stock dividend, recapitalization, reorganization, or the like).
1.26 “Undersubscription Notice” means written notice from an Investor notifying the Company and the selling Investor that such Investor intends to exercise its option to purchase all or any portion of the Transfer Stock not purchased pursuant to the Right of First Refusal or the Secondary Refusal Right.
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2. |
Agreement Among the Company, and the Investors. |
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2.1 |
Right of First Refusal. |
(a) Grant. Subject to the terms of Section 3 below, each Investor hereby unconditionally and irrevocably grants to the Company a Right of First Refusal to purchase all or any portion of Transfer Stock that such Investor may propose to include in a Proposed Investor Transfer, at the same price and on the same terms and conditions as those offered to the Prospective Transferee.
(b) Notice. Each Investor proposing to make a Proposed Investor Transfer must deliver a Proposed Transfer Notice to the Company and each Investor not later than 45 days prior to the consummation of such Proposed Investor Transfer. Such Proposed Transfer Notice shall contain the material terms and conditions (including, but not limited to, price and form of consideration) of the Proposed Investor Transfer, the identity of the Prospective Transferee and the intended date of the Proposed Investor Transfer. To exercise its Right of First Refusal under this Section 2, the Company must deliver a Company Notice to the selling Investor and the Investors within 15 days after delivery of the Proposed Transfer Notice specifying the number of shares of Transfer Stock to be purchased by the Company. In the event of a conflict between this Agreement and any other agreement that may have been entered into by an Investor with the Company that contains a preexisting right of first refusal, the Company and the Investor acknowledge and agree that the terms of this Agreement shall control and the preexisting right of first refusal shall be deemed satisfied by compliance with Section 2.1(a) and this Section 2.1(b). In the event of a conflict between this Agreement and the Company’s Bylaws containing a preexisting right of first refusal, the terms of the Bylaws will control and compliance with the Bylaws shall be deemed compliance with this Section 2.1(a) and (b) in full.
(c) Grant of Secondary Refusal Right to the Investors. Subject to the terms of Section 3 below, each Investor hereby unconditionally and irrevocably grants to the Investors a Secondary Refusal Right to purchase all or any portion of the Transfer Stock not purchased by the Company pursuant to the Right of First Refusal, as provided in this Section 2.1(c). If the Company does not provide the Company Notice exercising its Right of First Refusal with respect to all Transfer Stock subject to a Proposed Investor Transfer, the Company must deliver a Secondary Notice to the selling Investor and to each Investor to that effect no later than 15 days after the selling Investor delivers the Proposed Transfer Notice to the Company. To exercise its Secondary Refusal Right, an Investor must deliver an Investor Notice to the selling Investor and the Company within ten days after the Company’s deadline for its delivery of the Secondary Notice as provided in the preceding sentence.
(d) Undersubscription of Transfer Stock. If options to purchase have been exercised by the Company and the Investors pursuant to Sections 2.1(b) and (c) with respect to some but not all of the Transfer Stock by the end of the ten day period specified in the last sentence of Section 2.1(c) (the “Investor Notice Period”), then the Company shall, within five days after the expiration of the Investor Notice Period, send written notice (the “Company Undersubscription Notice”) to those Investors who fully exercised their Secondary Refusal Right within the Investor Notice Period (the “Exercising Investors”). Each Exercising Investor shall, subject to the provisions of this Section 2.1(d), have an additional option to purchase all or any part of the balance of any such remaining unsubscribed shares of Transfer Stock on the terms and conditions set forth in the Proposed Transfer Notice. To exercise such option, an Exercising Investor must deliver an Undersubscription Notice to the selling Investor and the Company within ten days after the expiration of the Investor Notice Period. In the event there are two or more such Exercising Investors that choose to exercise the last-mentioned option for a total number of remaining shares in excess of the number available, the remaining shares available for purchase under this Section 2.1(d) shall be allocated to such Exercising Investors pro rata based on the number of shares of Transfer Stock such Exercising Investors have elected to purchase pursuant to the Secondary Refusal Right (without giving effect to any shares of Transfer Stock that any such Exercising Investor has elected to purchase pursuant to the Company Undersubscription Notice). If the options to purchase the remaining shares are exercised in full by the Exercising Investors, the Company shall immediately notify all of the Exercising Investors and the selling Investor of that fact.
(e) Consideration; Closing. If the consideration proposed to be paid for the Transfer Stock is in property, services or other non-cash consideration, the fair market value of the consideration shall be as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors and as set forth in the Company Notice. If the Company or any Investor for any reason cannot or does not wish to pay for the Transfer Stock in the same form of non-cash consideration, the Company or such Investor may pay the cash value equivalent thereof, as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors and as set forth in the Company Notice. The closing of the purchase of Transfer Stock by the Company and the Investors shall take place, and all payments from the Company and the Investors shall have been delivered to the selling Investor, by the later of (i) the date specified in the Proposed Transfer Notice as the intended date of the Proposed Investor Transfer; and (ii) 45 days after delivery of the Proposed Transfer Notice.
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2.2 |
Right of Co-Sale. |
(a) Exercise of Right. If any Transfer Stock subject to a Proposed Investor Transfer is not purchased pursuant to Section 2.1 above and thereafter is to be sold to a Prospective Transferee, each respective Investor may elect to exercise its Right of Co-Sale and participate on a pro rata basis in the Proposed Investor Transfer as set forth in Section 2.2(b) below and, subject to Section 2.2(d), otherwise on the same terms and conditions specified in the Proposed Transfer Notice. Each Investor who desires to exercise its Right of Co-Sale (each, a “Participating Investor”) must give the selling Investor written notice to that effect within 15 days after the deadline for delivery of the Secondary Notice described above, and upon giving such notice such Participating Investor shall be deemed to have effectively exercised the Right of Co-Sale.
(b) Shares Includable. Each Participating Investor may include in the Proposed Investor Transfer all or any part of such Participating Investor’s Capital Stock equal to the product obtained by multiplying (i) the aggregate number of shares of Transfer Stock subject to the Proposed Investor Transfer (excluding shares purchased by the Company or the Participating Investors pursuant to the Right of First Refusal or the Secondary Refusal Right) by (ii) a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of shares of Capital Stock owned by such Participating Investor immediately before consummation of the Proposed Investor Transfer and the denominator of which is the total number of shares of Capital Stock owned, in the aggregate, by all Participating Investors immediately prior to the consummation of the Proposed Investor Transfer, plus the number of shares of Transfer Stock held by the selling Investor.
(c) Purchase and Sale Agreement. The Participating Investors and the selling Investor agree that the terms and conditions of any Proposed Investor Transfer in accordance with this Section 2.2 will be memorialized in, and governed by, a written purchase and sale agreement with the Prospective Transferee (the “Purchase and Sale Agreement”) with customary terms and provisions for such a transaction, and the Participating Investors and the selling Investor further covenant and agree to enter into such Purchase and Sale Agreement as a condition precedent to any sale or other transfer in accordance with this Section 2.2.
(d) Allocation of Consideration.
(i) Subject to Section 2.2(d)(ii), the aggregate consideration payable to the Participating Investors and the selling Investor shall be allocated based on the number of shares of Capital Stock sold to the Prospective Transferee by each Participating Investor and the selling Investor as provided in Section 2.2(b), provided that if a Participating Investor wishes to sell Preferred Stock, the price set forth in the Proposed Transfer Notice shall be appropriately adjusted based on the conversion ratio of the Preferred Stock into Common Stock.
(ii) In the event that the Proposed Investor Transfer constitutes a Change of Control, the terms of the Purchase and Sale Agreement shall provide that the aggregate consideration from such transfer shall be allocated to the Participating Investors and the selling Investor in accordance with Sections 2.1 and 2.2 of Article Fourth, Part B of the Restated Articles and, if applicable, the next sentence as if (A) such transfer were a Deemed Liquidation Event, and (B) the Capital Stock sold in accordance with the Purchase and Sale Agreement were the only Capital Stock outstanding. In the event that a portion of the aggregate consideration payable to the Participating Investor(s) and selling Investor is placed into escrow and/or is payable only upon satisfaction of contingencies, the Purchase and Sale Agreement shall provide that (x) the portion of such consideration that is not placed in escrow and is not subject to contingencies (the “Initial Consideration”) shall be allocated in accordance with Sections 2.1 and 2.2 of Article Fourth, Part B of the Restated Articles as if the Initial Consideration were the only consideration payable in connection with such transfer, and (y) any additional consideration which becomes payable to the Participating Investor(s) and selling Investor upon release from escrow or satisfaction of such contingencies shall be allocated in accordance with Sections 2.1 and 2.2 of Article Fourth, Part B of the Restated Articles after taking into account the previous payment of the Initial Consideration as part of the same transfer.
(e) Purchase by Selling Investor; Deliveries. Notwithstanding Section 2.2(c) above, if any Prospective Transferee(s) refuse(s) to purchase securities subject to the Right of Co-Sale from any Participating Investor or Investors or upon the failure to negotiate in good faith a Purchase and Sale Agreement satisfactory to the Participating Investors, no Investor may sell any Transfer Stock to such Prospective Transferee(s) unless and until, simultaneously with such sale, such Investor purchases all securities subject to the Right of Co-Sale from such Participating Investor or Investors on the same terms and conditions (including the proposed purchase price) as set forth in the Proposed Transfer Notice and as provided in Section 2.2(d)(i); provided, however, if such sale constitutes a Change of Control, the portion of the aggregate consideration paid by the selling Investor to such Participating Investor or Investors shall be made in accordance with the first sentence of Section 2.2(d)(ii). In connection with such purchase by the selling Investor, such Participating Investor or Investors shall deliver to the selling Investor any stock certificate or certificates, properly endorsed for transfer, representing the Capital Stock being purchased by the selling Investor (or request that the Company effect such transfer in the name of the selling Investor). Any such shares transferred to the selling Investor will be transferred to the Prospective Transferee against payment therefor in consummation of the sale of the Transfer Stock pursuant to the terms and conditions specified in the Proposed Transfer Notice, and the selling Investor shall concurrently therewith remit or direct payment to each such Participating Investor the portion of the aggregate consideration to which each such Participating Investor is entitled by reason of its participation in such sale as provided in this Section 2.2(e).
(f) Additional Compliance. If any Proposed Investor Transfer is not consummated within 45 days after receipt of the Proposed Transfer Notice by the Company, the Investors proposing the Proposed Investor Transfer may not sell any Transfer Stock unless they first comply in full with each provision of this Section 2. The exercise or election not to exercise any right by any Investor hereunder shall not adversely affect its right to participate in any other sales of Transfer Stock subject to this Section 2.2.
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2.3 |
Effect of Failure to Comply. |
(a) Transfer Void; Equitable Relief. Any Proposed Investor Transfer not made in compliance with the requirements of this Agreement shall be null and void ab initio, shall not be recorded on the books of the Company or its transfer agent and shall not be recognized by the Company. Each party hereto acknowledges and agrees that any breach of this Agreement would result in substantial harm to the other parties hereto for which monetary damages alone could not adequately compensate. Therefore, the parties hereto unconditionally and irrevocably agree that any non-breaching party hereto shall be entitled to seek protective orders, injunctive relief and other remedies available at law or in equity (including, without limitation, seeking specific performance or the rescission of purchases, sales and other transfers of Transfer Stock not made in strict compliance with this Agreement).
(b) Violation of First Refusal Right. If any Investor becomes obligated to sell any Transfer Stock to the Company or any Investor under this Agreement and fails to deliver such Transfer Stock in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, the Company and/or such Investor may, at its option, in addition to all other remedies it may have, send to such Investor the purchase price for such Transfer Stock as is herein specified and transfer to the name of the Company or such Investor (or request that the Company effect such transfer in the name of an Investor) on the Company’s books any certificates, instruments, or book entry representing the Transfer Stock to be sold.
(c) Violation of Co-Sale Right. If any Investor purports to sell any Transfer Stock in contravention of the Right of Co-Sale (a “Prohibited Transfer”), each Participating Investor who desires to exercise its Right of Co-Sale under Section 2.2 may, in addition to such remedies as may be available by law, in equity or hereunder, require such Investor to purchase from such Participating Investor the type and number of shares of Capital Stock that such Participating Investor would have been entitled to sell to the Prospective Transferee had the Prohibited Transfer been effected in compliance with the terms of Section 2.2. The sale will be made on the same terms, including, without limitation, as provided in Section 2.2(d)(i) and the first sentence of Section 2.2(d)(ii), as applicable, and subject to the same conditions as would have applied had the Investor not made the Prohibited Transfer, except that the sale (including, without limitation, the delivery of the purchase price) must be made within 90 days after the Participating Investor learns of the Prohibited Transfer, as opposed to the timeframe proscribed in Section 2.2. Such Investor shall also reimburse each Participating Investor for any and all reasonable and documented out-of-pocket fees and expenses, including reasonable legal fees and expenses, incurred pursuant to the exercise or the attempted exercise of the Participating Investor’s rights under Section 2.2.
2.4 Limitation on Foreign Person Investors. Notwithstanding the covenants set forth in this Section 2, no Investor that is a Foreign Person shall be permitted to obtain greater than 9.9% of the outstanding voting shares of the Company.
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3. |
Exempt Transfers. |
3.1 Exempt Transfers. Notwithstanding the foregoing or anything to the contrary herein, the provisions of Sections 2.1 and 2.2 shall not apply (a) in the case of an Investor that is an entity, upon a transfer by such Investor to its stockholders, members, partners or other equity holders, (b) to a repurchase of Transfer Stock from an Investor by the Company at a price no greater than that originally paid by such Investor for such Transfer Stock and pursuant to an agreement containing vesting and/or repurchase provisions approved by a majority of the disinterested members of the Board of Directors, or (c) in the case of an Investor that is a natural person, upon a transfer of Transfer Stock by such Investor made for bona fide estate planning purposes, either during such person’s lifetime or on death by will or intestacy to such person’s spouse, including any life partner or similar statutorily-recognized domestic partner, child (natural or adopted), or any other direct lineal descendant of such Investor (or such person’s spouse, including any life partner or similar statutorily-recognized domestic partner) (all of the foregoing collectively referred to as “family members”), or any other relative/person approved by a majority of the disinterested members of the Board of Directors, or any custodian or trustee of any trust, partnership, limited liability company or other corporate entity for the benefit of, or the ownership interests of which are owned wholly by such Investor or any such family members; provided that in the case of clause(s) (a) or (c), the Investor shall deliver prior written notice to the Investors of such gift or transfer and such shares of Transfer Stock shall at all times remain subject to the terms and restrictions set forth in this Agreement and such transferee shall, as a condition to such Transfer, deliver a counterpart signature page to this Agreement as confirmation that such transferee shall be bound by all the terms and conditions of this Agreement as an Investor (but only with respect to the securities so transferred to the transferee), including the obligations of an Investor with respect to Proposed Investor Transfers of such Transfer Stock pursuant to Section 2; and provided further in the case of any transfer pursuant to clause (a) or (c) above, that such transfer is made pursuant to a transaction in which there is no consideration actually paid for such transfer.
3.2 Exempted Offerings. Notwithstanding the foregoing or anything to the contrary herein, the provisions of Section 2 shall not apply to the sale of any Transfer Stock (a) to the public in an offering pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (a “Public Offering”); or (b) pursuant to a Deemed Liquidation Event.
3.3 Prohibited Transferees. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no Investor shall transfer any Transfer Stock to (a) any entity which, in the determination of the majority of the disinterested members of the Board of Directors, directly or indirectly competes with the Company; (b) any customer, distributor or supplier of the Company, if the majority of the disinterested members of the Board of Directors should determine that such transfer would result in such customer, distributor or supplier receiving information that would place the Company at a competitive disadvantage with respect to such customer, distributor or supplier; (c) any Foreign Person that pursuant to any such transfer would acquire any DPA Triggering Rights, unless otherwise approved by the majority of the disinterested members of the Board of Directors; or (d) any person or entity that is a Sanctioned Party.
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4. |
Legend. Each certificate, instrument, or book entry representing shares of Transfer Stock held by the Investors or issued to any permitted transferee in connection with a transfer permitted by Section 3.1 hereof shall be notated with the following legend: |
THE SALE, PLEDGE, HYPOTHECATION, OR TRANSFER OF THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED HEREBY IS SUBJECT TO, AND IN CERTAIN CASES PROHIBITED BY, THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF A CERTAIN RIGHT OF FIRST REFUSAL AND CO-SALE AGREEMENT BY AND AMONG THE STOCKHOLDER, THE CORPORATION AND CERTAIN OTHER HOLDERS OF STOCK OF THE CORPORATION. COPIES OF SUCH AGREEMENT MAY BE OBTAINED UPON WRITTEN REQUEST TO THE SECRETARY OF THE CORPORATION.
Each Investor agrees that the Company may instruct its transfer agent to impose transfer restrictions on the shares notated with the legend referred to in this Section 4 to enforce the provisions of this Agreement, and the Company agrees to promptly do so. The legend shall be removed upon termination of this Agreement at the request of the holder.
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5. |
Lock-Up. |
5.1 Agreement to Lock-Up. Each Investor hereby agrees that it will not, without the prior written consent of the managing underwriter, during the period commencing on the date of the final prospectus relating to a Public Offering, the registration by the Company of shares of its Common Stock or any other equity securities on a registration statement (other than a Form S-8), and ending on the date specified by the managing underwriter or the Company, as applicable (such period not to exceed 270 days, or such other period as may be requested by the Company or an underwriter to accommodate regulatory restrictions on (1) the publication or other distribution of research reports and (2) analyst recommendations and opinions, including, but not limited to, the restrictions contained in applicable FINRA rules, or any successor provisions or amendments thereto), (a) lend; offer; pledge; sell; contract to sell; sell any option or contract to purchase; purchase any option or contract to sell; grant any option, right, or warrant to purchase; or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of Common Stock (or other equity securities of the Company) or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable (directly or indirectly) for such Common Stock (or other equity securities) held or (b) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Capital Stock, whether any such transaction described in clause (a) or (b) above is to be settled by delivery of Capital Stock or other securities, in cash or otherwise. The foregoing provisions of this Section 5 shall not apply to the sale of any shares to an underwriter pursuant to an underwriting agreement or to the establishment of a trading plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1, provided that such plan does not permit transfers during the restricted period. The Company’s underwriters are intended third-party beneficiaries of this Section 5 and shall have the right, power and authority to enforce the provisions hereof as though they were a party hereto. Each Investor further agrees to execute such agreements as may be reasonably requested by the underwriters that are consistent with this Section 5 or that are necessary to give further effect thereto. In the event an Investor is or becomes party to a lock-up or market standoff agreement with the Company or any third party beneficiary of this Section 5.1 that contains terms that are more restrictive to the Investor, the Investor agrees that the Investor shall be subject to the more restrictive terms and compliance therewith shall be deemed compliance herewith.
5.2 Stop Transfer Instructions. In order to enforce the foregoing covenant, the Company may impose stop-transfer instructions with respect to the shares of Capital Stock of each Investor (and transferees and assignees thereof) until the end of such restricted period.
5.3 Survival. Unless and only to the extent otherwise superseded by an underwriting agreement entered into in connection with the underwritten Public Offering, the obligations of the Investors under this Section 5 shall survive the termination of this Agreement or any provision(s) of this Agreement.
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6. |
Miscellaneous. |
6.1 Term. This Agreement shall automatically terminate upon the earlier of (a) immediately prior to the consummation of Qualified IPO (as defined in the Restated Articles), and (b) the consummation of a Deemed Liquidation Event.
6.2 Stock Split. All references to numbers of shares in this Agreement shall be appropriately adjusted to reflect any stock dividend, split, combination or other recapitalization affecting the Capital Stock occurring after the date of this Agreement.
6.3 Ownership. Each Investor represents and warrants that such Investor is the sole legal and beneficial owner of the shares of Transfer Stock subject to this Agreement and that no other person or entity has any interest in such shares (other than a community property interest as to which the holder thereof has acknowledged and agreed in writing to the restrictions and obligations hereunder).
6.4 Dispute Resolution.
Any unresolved controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this Agreement, except as (i) otherwise provided in this Agreement, or (ii) any such controversies or claims arising out of either party’s intellectual property rights for which a provisional remedy or equitable relief is sought, shall be submitted to arbitration by one arbitrator mutually agreed upon by the parties, and if no agreement can be reached within 30 days after names of potential arbitrators have been proposed by American Arbitration Association (“AAA”), then by one arbitrator having reasonable experience in corporate finance transactions of the type provided for in this Agreement and who is chosen by AAA. The arbitration shall take place in Reno, Nevada, in accordance with the AAA rules for Complex Commercial Disputes then in effect, and judgment upon any award rendered in such arbitration will be binding and may be entered in any court having jurisdiction thereof. There shall be limited discovery prior to the arbitration hearing as follows: (a) exchange of witness lists and copies of documentary evidence and documents relating to the issues to be arbitrated, (b) depositions of all party witnesses, and (c) such other depositions as may be allowed by the arbitrators upon a showing of good cause. Depositions shall be conducted in accordance with the Nevada Code of Civil Procedure, the arbitrator shall be required to provide in writing to the parties the basis for the award or order of such arbitrator, and a court reporter shall record all hearings, with such record constituting the official transcript of such proceedings.
Each of the parties to this Agreement consents to personal jurisdiction for any equitable action sought in the U.S. District Court for the District of Reno, Nevada or any court of the State of Nevada having subject matter jurisdiction.
WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL: EACH PARTY HEREBY WAIVES ITS RIGHTS TO A JURY TRIAL OF ANY CLAIM OR CAUSE OF ACTION BASED UPON OR ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT, THE OTHER TRANSACTION AGREEMENTS, THE SECURITIES OR THE SUBJECT MATTER HEREOF OR THEREOF. THE SCOPE OF THIS WAIVER IS INTENDED TO BE ALL-ENCOMPASSING OF ANY AND ALL DISPUTES THAT MAY BE FILED IN ANY COURT AND THAT RELATE TO THE SUBJECT MATTER OF THIS TRANSACTION, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, CONTRACT CLAIMS, TORT CLAIMS (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), BREACH OF DUTY CLAIMS, AND ALL OTHER COMMON LAW AND STATUTORY CLAIMS. THIS SECTION HAS BEEN FULLY DISCUSSED BY EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO AND THESE PROVISIONS WILL NOT BE SUBJECT TO ANY EXCEPTIONS. EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY FURTHER WARRANTS AND REPRESENTS THAT SUCH PARTY HAS REVIEWED THIS WAIVER WITH ITS LEGAL COUNSEL, AND THAT SUCH PARTY KNOWINGLY AND VOLUNTARILY WAIVES ITS JURY TRIAL RIGHTS FOLLOWING CONSULTATION WITH LEGAL COUNSEL.
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6.5 |
Notices. |
(a) All notices and other communications given or made pursuant to this Agreement shall be in writing (including electronic mail as permitted in this Agreement) and shall be deemed effectively given upon the earlier of actual receipt or (a) personal delivery to the party to be notified, (b) when sent, if sent by electronic mail during normal business hours of the recipient, and if not sent during normal business hours, then on the recipient’s next business day, (c) five days after having been sent by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, or (d) one business day after deposit with a nationally recognized overnight courier, freight prepaid, specifying next business day delivery, with written verification of receipt. All communications shall be sent to the respective parties at their address as set forth on Schedule A or Schedule B hereof, as the case may be, or to such email address or address as subsequently modified by written notice given in accordance with this Section 6.5. If notice is given to the Company, it shall be sent to Bioleum Corporation 4801 Gaillardia Pkwy, Oklahoma City, OK 73142, Attention: Corrado DeGasperis; and if notice is given to the Company, a copy (which copy shall not constitute notice) shall also be sent to Foley & Lardner LLP, 777 E. Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee WI 53202, attention: Clyde Tinnen.
(b) Consent to Electronic Notice. Each party to this Agreement consents to the delivery of any stockholder notice pursuant to the NRS, as amended or superseded from time to time, by electronic mail pursuant to NRS 75.150(2) (or any successor thereto) at the electronic mail address set forth below such party’s name on the Schedules hereto, as updated from time to time by notice to the Company, or as on the books of the Company. To the extent that any notice given by means of electronic mail is returned or undeliverable for any reason, the foregoing consent shall be deemed to have been revoked until a new or corrected electronic mail address has been provided, and such attempted electronic notice shall be ineffective and deemed to not have been given. Each party to this Agreement agrees to promptly notify the Company of any change in its electronic mail address, and that failure to do so shall not affect the foregoing.
6.6 Entire Agreement. This Agreement (including the Exhibits and Schedules hereto) together with the other Transaction Agreements (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) constitute the full and entire understanding and agreement among the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof, and any other written or oral agreement relating to the subject matter hereof existing between or among any of the parties are expressly canceled.
6.7 Delays or Omissions. No delay or omission to exercise any right, power or remedy accruing to any party under this Agreement, upon any breach or default of any other party under this Agreement, shall impair any such right, power or remedy of such non-breaching or non-defaulting party nor shall it be construed to be a waiver of any such breach or default, or an acquiescence therein, or of or in any similar breach or default thereafter occurring; nor shall any waiver of any single breach or default be deemed a waiver of any other breach or default theretofore or thereafter occurring. Any waiver, permit, consent or approval of any kind or character on the part of any party of any breach or default under this Agreement, or any waiver on the part of any party of any provisions or conditions of this Agreement, must be in writing and shall be effective only to the extent specifically set forth in such writing. All remedies, either under this Agreement or by law or otherwise afforded to any party, shall be cumulative and not alternative.
6.8 Amendment; Waiver and Termination. This Agreement may be amended, modified or terminated (other than pursuant to Section 6.1 above) and the observance of any term hereof may be waived (either generally or in a particular instance and either retroactively or prospectively) only by a written instrument executed by (a) the Company, (b) the Investors holding a majority of the shares of Transfer Stock then held by all of the Investors who are then providing services to the Company as officers, employees or consultants, and (c) the holders of a majority of the shares of Preferred Stock then held by the Investors (voting as a single separate class and on an as-converted basis); provided that the Company may in its sole discretion waive compliance with any provision of this Agreement if observance of the terms would cause the Company or any Investor to be in violation of applicable Sanctions. Any amendment, modification, termination or waiver so effected shall be binding upon the Company, the Investors and all of their respective successors and permitted assigns whether or not such party, assignee or other shareholder entered into or approved such amendment, modification, termination or waiver. Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) this Agreement may not be amended, modified or terminated and the observance of any term hereunder may not be waived with respect to any Investor without the written consent of such Investor or Investor unless such amendment, modification, termination or waiver applies to all Investors, respectively, in the same fashion, (ii) this Agreement may not be amended, modified or terminated and the observance of any term hereunder may not be waived with respect to any Investor without the written consent of such Investor, if such amendment, modification, termination or waiver would adversely affect the rights of such Investor in a manner disproportionate to any adverse effect such amendment, modification, termination or waiver would have on the rights of the other Investors under this Agreement, (iii) the consent of the Investors shall not be required for any amendment, modification, termination or waiver if such amendment, modification, termination or waiver does not apply to the Investors, and (iv) Schedule A hereto may be amended by the Company from time to time in accordance with the Purchase Agreement to add information regarding Additional Purchasers (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) and Schedule B hereto may be amended by the Company from time to time to add information regarding additional Investors without the consent of the other parties hereto. The Company shall give prompt written notice of any amendment, modification or termination hereof or waiver hereunder to any party hereto that did not consent in writing to such amendment, modification, termination or waiver. No waivers of or exceptions to any term, condition or provision of this Agreement, in any one or more instances, shall be deemed to be, or construed as, a further or continuing waiver of any such term, condition or provision.
|
6.9 |
Assignment of Rights. |
(a) The terms and conditions of this Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the respective successors and permitted assigns of the parties. Nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to confer upon any party other than the parties hereto or their respective successors and permitted assigns any rights, remedies, obligations, or liabilities under or by reason of this Agreement, except as expressly provided in this Agreement.
(b) Any successor or permitted assignee of any Investor, including any Prospective Transferee who purchases shares of Transfer Stock in accordance with the terms hereof, shall deliver to the Company and the Investors, as a condition to any transfer or assignment, a counterpart signature page hereto pursuant to which such successor or permitted assignee shall confirm their agreement to be subject to and bound by all of the provisions set forth in this Agreement that were applicable to the predecessor or assignor of such successor or permitted assignee.
(c) The rights of the Investors hereunder are not assignable without the Company’s written consent (which shall not be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned), except by an Investor to any Affiliate, it being acknowledged and agreed that any such assignment, shall be subject to and conditioned upon any such assignee’s delivery to the Company and the other Investors of a counterpart signature page hereto pursuant to which such assignee shall confirm their agreement to be subject to and bound by all of the provisions set forth in this Agreement that were applicable to the assignor of such assignee.
(d) Except in connection with an assignment by the Company by operation of law to the acquirer of the Company, the rights and obligations of the Company hereunder may not be assigned under any circumstances.
6.10 Severability. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision hereof shall in no way affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision.
6.11 Additional Investors. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, if the Company issues additional shares of the Company’s Preferred Stock after the date hereof, any purchaser of such shares of Preferred Stock may become a party to this Agreement by executing and delivering a counterpart signature page to this Agreement and thereafter shall be deemed an “Investor” for all purposes hereunder.
6.12 Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by the internal law of the State of Nevada, without regard to conflict of law principles that would result in the application of any law other than the law of the State of Nevada.
6.13 Titles and Subtitles. The titles and subtitles used in this Agreement are used for convenience only and are not to be considered in construing or interpreting this Agreement.
6.14 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. Counterparts may be delivered via electronic mail (including pdf or any electronic signature complying with the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, e.g., www.docusign.com) or other transmission method and any counterpart so delivered shall be deemed to have been duly and validly delivered and be valid and effective for all purposes.
6.15 Aggregation of Stock. All shares of Capital Stock held or acquired by Affiliates shall be aggregated together for the purpose of determining the availability of any rights under this Agreement and such Affiliates may apportion such rights as among themselves in any manner they deem appropriate.
6.16 Specific Performance. In addition to any and all other remedies that may be available at law in the event of any breach of this Agreement, each Investor shall be entitled to specific performance of the agreements and obligations of the Company and the Investors hereunder and to such other injunction or other equitable relief as may be granted by a court of competent jurisdiction.
6.17 Additional Investors. In the event that after the date of this Agreement, the Company issues shares of Common Stock, or options to purchase Common Stock, to any employee or consultant, which shares or options would collectively constitute with respect to such employee or consultant (taking into account all shares of Common Stock, options and other purchase rights held by such employee or consultant) 1% or more of the Company’s then outstanding Common Stock (treating for this purpose all shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of or conversion of outstanding options, warrants or convertible securities, as if exercised or converted), the Company shall, as a condition to such issuance, cause such employee or consultant to execute a counterpart signature page hereto as an Investor, and such person shall thereby be bound by, and subject to, all the terms and provisions of this Agreement applicable to an Investor.
6.18 Sanctions. For the avoidance of doubt, at any time that a Person is or becomes a Sanctioned Party, all rights granted to the Person under this Agreement, including, without limitation, any right to purchase any Capital Stock, will be immediately suspended for so long as such Person is a Sanctioned Party or until authorization is issued by a relevant government authority as required by applicable Sanctions.
6.19 Costs of Enforcement. Each party will bear its own costs in respect of any disputes arising under this Agreement.
[Signature Page Follows]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed and delivered this Right of First Refusal and Co-Sale Agreement as of the date first written above.
| COMPANY: | BIOLEUM CORPORATION | |
|
By: |
/s/ Kevin Kreisler | |
|
Name: |
Kevin Kreisler | |
|
Title: |
Chief Executive Officer | |
| Address: | 4801 Gaillardia Pkwy | |
| Oklahoma City, OK 73142 |
| Email: | kkreisler@comstockinc.com |
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed and delivered this Right of First Refusal and Co-Sale Agreement as of the date first written above.
| INVESTOR: | MARDIS VENTURES, LLC | |
|
By: |
/s/ Renee Mardis | |
|
Name: |
Renee Mardis | |
|
Title: |
Manager | |
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed and delivered this Right of First Refusal and Co-Sale Agreement as of the date first written above.
| INVESTOR: | Comstock Fuels Corporation | |
|
By: |
/s/ Corrado De Gasperis | |
|
Name: |
Corrado De Gasperis | |
|
Title: |
Chief Executive Officer | |
| INVESTOR: | Comstock IP Holdings LLC | |
|
By: |
/s/ Corrado De Gasperis | |
|
Name: |
Corrado De Gasperis | |
|
Title: |
Chief Executive Officer | |
| INVESTOR: | Comstock Innovations Corporation | |
|
By: |
/s/ Corrado De Gasperis | |
|
Name: |
Corrado De Gasperis | |
|
Title: |
Chief Executive Officer | |
| INVESTOR: | Comstock Fuels Oklahoma LLC | |
|
By: |
/s/ Corrado De Gasperis | |
|
Name: |
Corrado De Gasperis | |
|
Title: |
Chief Executive Officer | |
| INVESTOR: | Comstock Engineering Corporation | |
|
By: |
/s/ Corrado De Gasperis | |
|
Name: |
Corrado De Gasperis | |
|
Title: |
Chief Executive Officer | |
| INVESTOR: | Bioleum PDC Madison LLC | |
|
By: |
/s/ Corrado De Gasperis | |
|
Name: |
Corrado De Gasperis | |
|
Title: |
Chief Executive Officer | |
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed and delivered this Right of First Refusal and Co-Sale Agreement as of the date first written above.
| INVESTOR: | Type One Asset Management LLC | |
|
By: |
/s/ Kevin Kreisler | |
|
Name: |
Kevin Kreisler | |
|
Title: |
Manager | |
| INVESTOR: | Global Catalytic Disruptor Fund LLC | |
|
By: |
/s/ David Winsness | |
|
Name: |
David Winsness | |
|
Title: |
Manager | |
| INVESTOR: | Bobbili Equity Holdings LLC | |
|
By: |
/s/ Rahul Bobbili | |
|
Name: |
Rahul Bobbili | |
|
Title: |
Manager | |
| INVESTOR: | EDP Bioleum LLC | |
|
By: |
/s/ Chad Michael Black | |
|
Name: |
Chad Michael Black | |
|
Title: |
Manager | |
| INVESTOR: | Visasha Holdings LLC | |
|
By: |
/s/ Colby Korsun | |
|
Name: |
Colby Korsun | |
|
Title: |
Manager | |
| INVESTOR: | The Design Shop LLC | |
|
By: |
/s/ Michael Riebel | |
|
Name: |
Michael Riebel | |
|
Title: |
Manager | |
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed and delivered this Right of First Refusal and Co-Sale Agreement as of the date first written above.
| INVESTOR: | Christopher Frey | |
|
By: |
/s/ Christopher Frey | |
|
Name: |
Christopher Frey | |
|
Title: |
Individual | |
| INVESTOR: | Michael DeGasperis | |
|
By: |
/s/ Michael De Gasperis | |
|
Name: |
Michael DeGasperis | |
|
Title: |
Individual | |
| INVESTOR: | Milton Riebel | |
|
By: |
/s/ Milton Riebel | |
|
Name: |
Milton Riebel | |
|
Title: |
Individual | |
| INVESTOR: | Priyanka Parmar | |
|
By: |
/s/ Priyanka Parmar | |
|
Name: |
Priyanka Parmar | |
|
Title: |
Individual | |
| INVESTOR: | Jordan Thut | |
|
By: |
/s/ Jordan Thut | |
|
Name: |
Jordan Thut | |
|
Title: |
Individual | |
SCHEDULE A
INVESTORS
[Information has been omitted from the filed version of the exhibit.]
Exhibit 10.5
Certain identified information has been excluded from the exhibit because it is both not material and would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
MANAGEMENT SERVICES AGREEMENT
This Management Services Agreement, dated as of May 21, 2025 (this “Agreement”), is entered into between Comstock Inc., a Nevada corporation (“Comstock”), and Bioleum Corporation, a Nevada corporation (“Bioleum”).
Recitals
WHEREAS, Bioleum, affiliates of Comstock and certain other parties have entered into that certain Assignment and Assumption Agreement, of even date herewith (the “Assignment”), pursuant to which affiliates of Comstock and certain other parties have agreed to assign to Bioleum, and Bioleum has agreed to acquire and assume from the assigning parties, certain specified assets, and liabilities, related to renewable fuels business to be owned and operated by Bioleum (the “Business”);
WHEREAS, in order to ensure an orderly transition of the Business to Bioleum and as a condition to consummating the transactions contemplated by the Assignment, Bioleum and Comstock have agreed to enter into this Agreement, pursuant to which Comstock will provide, or cause its Affiliates to provide, Bioleum with certain services, in each case on a transitional basis and subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein; and
WHEREAS, capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meaning ascribed to such terms in the Assignment.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual agreements and covenants hereinafter set forth, Bioleum and Comstock hereby agree as follows:
ARTICLE I
SERVICES
Section 1.01 Provision of Services.
(a) Comstock agrees to provide, or to cause its Affiliates to provide, the services (the “Services”) set forth on the exhibits attached hereto (as such exhibits may be amended or supplemented pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, collectively, the “Service Exhibits”) to Bioleum for the respective periods and on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and in the respective Service Exhibits.
(b) Notwithstanding the contents of the Service Exhibits, Comstock agrees to respond in good faith to any reasonable request by Bioleum for access to any additional services that are necessary for the operation of the Business and which are not currently contemplated in the Service Exhibits, at a price to be agreed upon after good faith negotiations between the parties. Any such additional services so provided by Comstock shall constitute Services under this Agreement and be subject in all respects to the provisions of this Agreement as if fully set forth on a Service Exhibit as of the date hereof.
(c) The parties hereto acknowledge the transitional nature of the Services. Accordingly, as promptly as practicable following the execution of this Agreement, Bioleum agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to make a transition of each Service to its own internal organization or to obtain alternate third-party sources to provide the Services.
(d) Subject to Section 2.03, Section 2.04 and Section 3.05, the obligations of Comstock under this Agreement to provide Services shall terminate with respect to each Service on the end date specified in the applicable Service Exhibit (the “End Date”). Notwithstanding the foregoing, the parties acknowledge and agree that Bioleum may determine from time to time that it does not require all the Services set out on one or more of the Service Exhibits or that it does not require such Services for the entire period up to the applicable End Date. Accordingly, Bioleum may terminate any Service, in whole and not in part, upon notification to Comstock in writing of any such determination.
Section 1.02 Standard of Service.
(a) Comstock represents, warrants, and agrees that the Services shall be provided in good faith, in accordance with Law, and, except as specifically provided in the Service Exhibits, in a manner generally consistent with the historical provision of the Services and with the same standard of care as historically provided. Subject to Section 1.03, Comstock agrees to assign sufficient resources and qualified personnel as are reasonably required to perform the Services in accordance with the standards set forth in the preceding sentence.
(b) Except as expressly set forth in Section 1.02(a) or in any contract entered into hereunder, Comstock makes no representations and warranties of any kind, implied or express, with respect to the Services, including, without limitation, no warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose, which are specifically disclaimed. Bioleum acknowledges and agrees that this Agreement does not create a fiduciary relationship, partnership, joint venture, or relationship of trust or agency between the parties and that all Services are provided by Comstock as an independent contractor.
Section 1.03 Third-Party Service Providers. It is understood and agreed that Comstock has been retaining, and will continue to retain, third-party service providers to provide some of the Services to Bioleum. In addition, Comstock shall have the right to hire other third- party subcontractors to provide all or part of any Service hereunder.
Section 1.04 Access to Premises.
(a) In order to enable the provision of the Services by Comstock, Bioleum agrees that it shall provide to Comstock’s and its Affiliates’ employees and any third- party service providers or subcontractors who provide Services, at no cost to Comstock, access to the facilities, assets, and books and records of the Business, in all cases to the extent necessary for Comstock to fulfill its obligations under this Agreement.
(b) Comstock agrees that all of its and its Affiliates’ employees and any third- party service providers and subcontractors, when on the property of Bioleum or when given access to any equipment, computer, software, network, or files owned or controlled by Bioleum, shall conform to the policies and procedures of Bioleum concerning health, safety, and security which are made known to Comstock in advance in writing.
ARTICLE II
COMPENSATION
Section 2.01 Responsibility for Wages and Fees. For such time as any employees of Comstock or any of its Affiliates are providing the Services to Bioleum under this Agreement,(a) such employees will remain employees of Comstock or such Affiliate, as applicable, and shall not be deemed to be employees of Bioleum for any purpose, and (b) Bioleum shall be solely responsible for the payment and provision of all wages, bonuses and commissions, employee benefits, including severance and worker’s compensation, and the withholding and payment of applicable Taxes relating to such employment and shall reimburse Comstock for any expenses incurred.
Section 2.02 Terms of Payment and Related Matters.
(a) As consideration for provision of the Services, Bioleum shall pay Comstock the amount specified for each Service on such Service’s respective Service Exhibit. In addition to such amount, in the event that Comstock or any of its Affiliates incurs reasonable and documented out-of-pocket expenses in the provision of any Service, including, without limitation, license fees and payments to third-party service providers or subcontractors (such included expenses, collectively, “Out-of-Pocket Costs”), Bioleum shall reimburse Comstock for all such Out-of-Pocket Costs in accordance with the invoicing procedures set forth in Section 2.02(b).
(b) As more fully provided in the Service Exhibits and subject to the terms and conditions therein:
(i) Comstock shall provide Bioleum, in accordance with Section 6.01 of this Agreement, with monthly invoices (“Invoices”), which shall set forth in reasonable detail, with such supporting documentation as Bioleum may reasonably request with respect to Out-of-Pocket Costs, amounts payable under this Agreement; and
(ii) payments pursuant to this Agreement shall be made within thirty (30) days after the date of receipt of an Invoice by Bioleum from Comstock.
(c) It is the intent of the parties that the compensation set forth in the respective Service Exhibits reasonably approximates the cost of providing the Services, including the cost of employee wages and compensation, without any intent to cause Comstock to receive profit or incur loss. If at any time Comstock believes that the payments contemplated by a specific Service Exhibit are materially insufficient to compensate it for the cost of providing the Services it is obligated to provide hereunder, or Bioleum believes that the payments contemplated by a specific Service Exhibit materially overcompensate Comstock for such Services, such party shall notify the other party as soon as possible, and the parties hereto will commence good faith negotiations toward an agreement in writing as to the appropriate course of action with respect to pricing of such Services for future periods.
Section 2.03 Extension of Services. The parties agree that Comstock shall not be obligated to perform any Service after the applicable End Date. If Bioleum desires and Comstock agrees to continue to perform any of the Services after the applicable End Date, the parties shall negotiate in good faith to determine an amount that compensates Comstock for all of its costs for such performance, including the time of its employees and its Out-of-Pocket Costs. The Services so performed by Comstock after the applicable End Date shall continue to constitute Services under this Agreement and be subject in all respects to the provisions of this Agreement for the duration of the agreed-upon extension period.
Section 2.04 Terminated Services. Upon termination or expiration of any or all Services pursuant to this Agreement, or upon the termination of this Agreement in its entirety, Comstock shall have no further obligation to provide the applicable terminated Services, and Bioleum shall have no obligation to pay any future compensation or Out-of-Pocket Costs relating to such Services, other than for or in respect of Services already provided in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and received by Bioleum prior to such termination.
Section 2.05 Invoice Disputes. In the event of an Invoice dispute, Bioleum shall deliver a written statement to Comstock no later than ten (10) days prior to the date payment is due on the disputed Invoice listing all disputed items and providing a reasonably detailed description of each disputed item. Amounts not so disputed shall be deemed accepted and shall be paid, notwithstanding disputes on other items, within the period set forth in Section 2.02(b). The parties shall seek to resolve all such disputes expeditiously and in good faith. Comstock shall continue performing the Services in accordance with this Agreement pending resolution of any dispute.
Section 2.06 No Right of Setoff. Each of the parties hereby acknowledges that it shall have no right under this Agreement to setoff any amounts owed (or to become due and owing) to the other party, whether under this Agreement, the Assignment or otherwise, against any other amount owed (or to become due and owing) to it by the other party.
Section 2.07 Taxes. Bioleum shall be responsible for all sales or use Taxes imposed or assessed as a result of the provision of Services by Comstock.
ARTICLE III
TERMINATION
Section 3.01 Termination of Agreement. Subject to Section 3.04, this Agreement shall terminate in its entirety (i) on the date upon which Comstock shall have no continuing obligation to perform any Services as a result of each of their expiration or termination in accordance with Section 1.01(d) or Section 3.02 or (ii) in accordance with Section 3.03.
Section 3.02 Breach. Any party (the “Non-Breaching Party”) may terminate this Agreement with respect to any Service, in whole but not in part, at any time upon prior written notice to the other party (the “Breaching Party”) if the Breaching Party has failed (other than pursuant to Section 3.05) to perform any of its material obligations under this Agreement relating to such Service, and such failure shall have continued without cure for a period of fifteen (15) days after receipt by the Breaching Party of a written notice of such failure from the Non- Breaching party seeking to terminate such service. For the avoidance of doubt, non-payment by Bioleum for a Service provided by Comstock in accordance with this Agreement and not the subject of a good-faith dispute shall be deemed a breach for purposes of this Section 3.02.
Section 3.03 Insolvency. In the event that either party hereto shall (i) file a petition in bankruptcy, (ii) become or be declared insolvent, or become the subject of any proceedings (not dismissed within sixty (60) days) related to its liquidation, insolvency, or the appointment of a receiver, (iii) make an assignment on behalf of all or substantially all of its creditors, or (iv) take any corporate action for its winding up or dissolution, then the other party shall have the right to terminate this Agreement by providing written notice in accordance with Section 6.01.
Section 3.04 Effect of Termination. Upon termination of this Agreement in its entirety pursuant to Section 3.01, all obligations of the parties hereto shall terminate, except for the provisions of Section 2.04, Section 2.06, Section 2.07, ARTICLE IV, and ARTICLE VI, which shall survive any termination or expiration of this Agreement.
Section 3.05 Force Majeure. The obligations of Comstock under this Agreement with respect to any Service shall be suspended during the period and to the extent that Comstock is prevented or hindered from providing such Service, or Bioleum is prevented or hindered from receiving such Service, due to any of the following causes beyond such party’s reasonable control (such causes, “Force Majeure Events”): (i) acts of God, (ii) flood, fire, or explosion, (iii) war, invasion, riot, or other civil unrest, (iv) Governmental Order or Law, (v) actions, embargoes, or blockades in effect on or after the date of this Agreement, (vi) action by any Governmental Authority, (vii) national or regional emergency, (viii) strikes, labor stoppages or slowdowns or other industrial disturbances, (ix) shortage of adequate power or transportation facilities, (x) pandemics, or (xi) any other event which is beyond the reasonable control of such party. The party suffering a Force Majeure Event shall give notice of suspension as soon as reasonably practicable to the other party stating the date and extent of such suspension and the cause thereof, and Comstock shall resume the performance of its obligations as soon as reasonably practicable after the removal of the cause. Neither Bioleum nor Comstock shall be liable for the nonperformance or delay in performance of its respective obligations under this Agreement when such failure is due to a Force Majeure Event. The applicable End Date for any Service so suspended shall be automatically extended for a period of time equal to the time lost by reason of the suspension.
ARTICLE IV
CONFIDENTIALITY
Section 4.01 Confidentiality.
(a) During the term of this Agreement and thereafter, the parties hereto shall, and shall instruct their respective Representatives to, maintain in confidence and not disclose the other party’s financial, technical, sales, marketing, development, personnel, and other information, records, or data, including, without limitation, customer lists, supplier lists, trade secrets, designs, product formulations, product specifications, or any other proprietary or confidential information, however recorded or preserved, whether written or oral (any such information, “Confidential Information”). Each party hereto shall use the same degree of care, but no less than reasonable care, to protect the other party’s Confidential Information as it uses to protect its own Confidential Information of like nature. Unless otherwise authorized in any other agreement between the parties, any party receiving any Confidential Information of the other party (the “Receiving Party”) may use Confidential Information only for the purposes of fulfilling its obligations under this Agreement (the “Permitted Purpose”). Any Receiving Party may disclose such Confidential Information only to its Representatives who have a need to know such information for the Permitted Purpose and who have been advised of the terms of this Section 4.01, and the Receiving Party shall be liable for any breach of these confidentiality provisions by such Persons. Any Receiving Party may disclose such Confidential Information to the extent such Confidential Information is required to be disclosed by a Governmental Order, in which case the Receiving Party shall promptly notify, to the extent possible, the disclosing party (the “Disclosing Party”), and take reasonable steps to assist in contesting such Governmental Order or in protecting the Disclosing Party’s rights prior to disclosure, and in which case the Receiving Party shall only disclose such Confidential Information that it is advised by its counsel in writing that it is legally bound to disclose under such Governmental Order.
(b) Notwithstanding the foregoing, “Confidential Information” shall not include any information that the Receiving Party can demonstrate: (i) was publicly known at the time of disclosure to it, or has become publicly known through no act of the Receiving Party or its Representatives in breach of this Section 4.01; (ii) was rightfully received from a third party without a duty of confidentiality; or (iii) was developed by it independently without any reliance on the Confidential Information.
(c) Upon demand by the Disclosing Party at any time, or upon expiration or termination of this Agreement with respect to any Service, the Receiving Party agrees promptly to return or destroy, at the Disclosing Party’s option, all Confidential Information. If such Confidential Information is destroyed, an authorized officer of the Receiving Party shall certify to such destruction in writing.
ARTICLE V
LIMITATION ON LIABILITY
Section 5.01 Limitation on Liability. In no event shall Comstock have any liability under any provision of this Agreement for any punitive, incidental, consequential, special, or indirect damages, including loss of future revenue or income, loss of business reputation, or opportunity relating to the breach or alleged breach of this Agreement, or diminution of value or any damages based on any type of multiple, whether based on statute, contract, tort, or otherwise, and whether or not arising from the other party’s sole, joint, or concurrent negligence, strict liability, criminal liability, or other fault. Bioleum acknowledges that the Services to be provided to it hereunder are subject to, and that its remedies under this Agreement are limited by, the applicable provisions of Section 1.02, including the limitations on representations and warranties with respect to the Services.
ARTICLE VI
MISCELLANEOUS
Section 6.01 Notices. All Invoices, notices, requests, consents, claims, demands, waivers, and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been given: (a) when delivered by hand (with written confirmation of receipt); (b) when received by the addressee if sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier (receipt requested); (c) on the date sent by facsimile or email of a PDF document (with confirmation of transmission) if sent during normal business hours of the recipient, and on the next business day if sent after normal business hours of the recipient; or (d) on the third day after the date mailed, by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid.
Section 6.02 Headings. The headings in this Agreement are for reference only and shall not affect the interpretation of this Agreement.
Section 6.03 Severability. If any term or provision of this Agreement is invalid, illegal, or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such invalidity, illegality, or unenforceability shall not affect any other term or provision of this Agreement or invalidate or render unenforceable such term or provision in any other jurisdiction. Upon such determination that any term or other provision is invalid, illegal, or unenforceable, the parties hereto shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to effect the original intent of the parties as closely as possible in a mutually acceptable manner in order that the transactions contemplated hereby be consummated as originally contemplated to the greatest extent possible.
Section 6.04 Entire Agreement. This Agreement, including all Service Exhibits, constitutes the sole and entire agreement of the parties to this Agreement with respect to the subject matter contained herein and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous understandings and agreements, both written and oral, with respect to such subject matter. In the event and to the extent that there is a conflict between the provisions of this Agreement and the provisions of the Assignment as it relates to the Services hereunder, the provisions of this Agreement shall control.
Section 6.05 Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and shall inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns. Neither party may assign its rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of the other party, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed.
Section 6.06 No Third-Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement is for the sole benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns and nothing herein, express or implied, is intended to or shall confer upon any other Person any legal or equitable right, benefit, or remedy of any nature whatsoever, under or by reason of this Agreement.
Section 6.07 Amendment and Modification; Waiver. This Agreement may only be amended, modified, or supplemented by an agreement in writing signed by each party hereto. No waiver by any party of any of the provisions hereof shall be effective unless explicitly set forth in writing and signed by the party so waiving. No failure to exercise, or delay in exercising, any right, remedy, power, or privilege arising from this Agreement shall operate or be construed as a waiver thereof; nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power, or privilege hereunder preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, remedy, power, or privilege.
Section 6.08 Governing Law; Dispute Resolution. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of Nevada without giving effect to any choice or conflict of law provision or rule (whether of the State of Nevada or any other jurisdiction) that would cause the application of Laws of any jurisdiction other than those of the State of Nevada. Any unresolved controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this Agreement, except as (i) otherwise provided in this Agreement, or (ii) any such controversies or claims arising out of either party’s intellectual property rights for which a provisional remedy or equitable relief is sought, shall be submitted to arbitration by one arbitrator mutually agreed upon by the parties, and if no agreement can be reached within 30 days after names of potential arbitrators have been proposed by American Arbitration Association (“AAA”), then by one arbitrator having reasonable experience in corporate finance transactions of the type provided for in this Agreement and who is chosen by AAAS. The arbitration shall take place in Reno, Nevada, in accordance with the AAA rules for Complex Commercial Disputes then in effect, and judgment upon any award rendered in such arbitration will be binding and may be entered in any court having jurisdiction thereof. There shall be limited discovery prior to the arbitration hearing as follows: (a) exchange of witness lists and copies of documentary evidence and documents relating to the issues to be arbitrated, (b) depositions of all party witnesses, and (c) such other depositions as may be allowed by the arbitrators upon a showing of good cause. Depositions shall be conducted in accordance with the Nevada Code of Civil Procedure, the arbitrator shall be required to provide in writing to the parties the basis for the award or order of such arbitrator, and a court reporter shall record all hearings, with such record constituting the official transcript of such proceedings. Each of the parties to this Agreement consents to personal jurisdiction for any equitable action sought in the U.S. District Court for the District of Reno, Nevada or any court of the State of Nevada having subject matter jurisdiction.
Section 6.09 Waiver of Jury Trial. Each party irrevocably and unconditionally waives any right it may have to a trial by jury in respect of any legal action arising out of or relating to this agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby. Each party to this agreement certifies and acknowledges that (a) no representative of any other party has represented, expressly or otherwise, that such other party would not seek to enforce the foregoing waiver in the event of a legal action, (b) such party has considered the implications of this waiver, (c) such party makes this waiver voluntarily, and (d) such party has been induced to enter into this agreement by, among other things, the mutual waivers and certifications in this Section 6.09.
Section 6.10 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall be deemed to be one and the same agreement. A signed copy of this Agreement delivered by facsimile, e-mail, or other means of electronic transmission shall be deemed to have the same legal effect as delivery of an original signed copy of this Agreement.
[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed as of the date first written above by their respective officers thereunto duly authorized.
| BIOLEUM CORPORATION | ||||
| By | /s/ Kevin Kreisler | |||
| Name: | Kevin Kreisler | |||
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | |||
| COMSTOCK INC. | ||||
| By | /s/ Corrado De Gasperis | |||
| Name: | Corrado De Gasperis | |||
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | |||
Service Exhibit 1
Management Services
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Description of Service: |
Accounting, Reporting, Human Resources, and Other Reasonably Requested Administrative Support Services |
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End Date: |
May 21, 2025, to May 19, 2026 |
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Fee: |
All amounts are paid at cost on a net 30-day basis from invoice. |
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Comstock Contact: |
Judd Merrill, CFO |
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Bioleum Contact: |
Kevin Kreisler, CEO |
Exhibit 10.6
Certain identified information has been excluded from the exhibit because it is both not material and would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
Kevin Kreisler, Chief Executive Officer
FLUX PHOTON CORPORATION
c/o Sonageri & Fallon LLC
411 Hackensack Avenue
Hackensack, New Jersey 07601
RE: AMENDMENT TO ASSET PURCHASE AGREEMENT
Reference is hereby made to (i) that certain Asset Purchase Agreement by and between COMSTOCK INC. (“Buyer”) and FLUX PHOTON CORPORATION (“Seller”) dated September 7, 2021, pursuant to which Buyer agreed to purchase certain intellectual properties and other assets from Seller in exchange for $18,000,000.00 (“Purchase Price”), on and subject to the terms and conditions thereof (“APA”);1 (ii) that certain Assignment Agreement by and between Seller’s parent company, FLUX CARBON LLC (“Parent”), as assignor, and Seller, as assignee, dated September 7, 2021, pursuant to which Parent assigned certain intellectual properties and other assets to Seller (“Parent Assignment”); and (iii), that certain Assignment Agreement by and between GLOBAL CATALYTIC DISRUPTOR FUND LLC (“GCDF”), as assignor, and Seller, as assignee, dated September 7, 2021, pursuant to which GCDF assigned certain intellectual properties and other assets to Seller (“GCDF Assignment” and, together with the Parent Assignment, the “Prerequisite Assignments”). Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have that meaning ascribed in the APA. This letter agreement (“Agreement”), dated and effective as of MAY 21, 2025 (the “Effective Date”), shall confirm, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the agreement of the undersigned (each a “Party” and, collectively, the “Parties”), intending to be legally bound, to the following terms and conditions:
1. Amendment to Schedule 2.0. Section 2.2 of Schedule 2.0 shall be hereby amended in its entirety as follows:
On and subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the Transaction Documents, at the Closing and at all relevant times thereafter, Buyer shall pay the Purchase Price to Seller and/or Seller’s Permitted Designee(s) in exchange for the sale, assignment, transfer, and delivery of the Seller Assets to Buyer and/or Buyer’s Permitted Designee(s) in accordance with the terms of this Schedule 2.0. As used herein, the term “Asset Purchase” shall mean and refer to the purchase of the Seller Assets in exchange for payment of the Purchase Price.
2.1 Assignment. On and subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the Transaction Documents, in consideration of Buyer’s agreement to the terms of this Agreement and the Transaction Documents, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, effective immediately prior to the Closing hereunder, Seller shall execute and deliver a mutually acceptable form of assignment to give effect to the assignment by Seller of the Seller Assets to Buyer (“Assignment”) in exchange for payment of the Purchase Price, free and clear of all Liens, licenses, and other encumbrances of any kind, including, without limitation, a senior lien and security interest granted by Seller to EXO OPPORTUNITY FUND LLC (“Senior Lender”) and a subordinate lien and security interest granted by Seller to MINORITY INTEREST FUND II LLC (“Junior Lender” and, together with Senior Lender, the “Secured Lenders”).
2.2 Asset Purchase. On and subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, and at all relevant times thereunder and hereafter, in exchange for the foregoing assignment by Seller to Buyer of the Seller Assets, Buyer shall pay the following to Seller and/or Seller’s Permitted Designee(s) (“Purchase Price”), on and subject to the terms and conditions hereof:
|
2.2.1 |
300,000 unregistered shares of Buyer common stock (“Affiliate Shares”); |
|
2.2.2 |
$10,000,000.00 in the form of 1,700,000 unregistered shares of Buyer common stock (“Common Stock”); and, |
|
2.2.3 |
$7,200,000.00 in U.S. cash funds (“Cash Consideration”). |
1 https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1120970/000112097021000087/a8k-fpcapacmi20210907.htm
2.3 Disbursement. All Purchase Price amounts payable hereunder shall be paid to Seller and/or Seller’s Permitted Designee(s) according to the disbursement instructions provided by Seller (“Disbursement Instructions”).
2.4 Acknowledgement. The Parties agree and acknowledge that Buyer and various Buyer subsidiaries, including COMSTOCK FUELS CORPORATION (“CFC”), COMSTOCK INNOVATIONS CORPORATION (F/K/A PLAIN SIGHT INNOVATIONS CORPORATION) (“CIC”) and COMSTOCK IP HOLDINGS LLC (“CIPH” and, together, with CFC and CIC, the “Fuels Subsidiaries”), have negotiated to complete a series of transactions after the Effective Date hereof (i) under which Buyer will transfer substantially of all right, title, and interest in, to and under all intellectual properties (the “Decarbonization Technologies”) and other assets of the Fuels Subsidiaries, including, without limitation, the Seller Assets and other assets acquired under that certain related Securities Purchase Agreement dated September 7, 2021 (“SPA” and together with the APA, the “Technology Agreements”) by and between Buyer, TRIPLE POINT ASSET MANAGEMENT LLC (“TPAM”), and GCDF, to BIOLEUM CORPORATION (“Bioleum”) on MAY 21, 2025 (“Private Spinout”), in anticipation of an eventual public offering; and (ii), under which Bioleum would commence sales of its Series A preferred stock (“Series A Preferred Stock”) in exchange for certain financial accommodations on May 21, 2025 (“Series A Financing”), to support the continuing development and commercialization of the Seller Assets. The Parties further acknowledge that the Fuels Subsidiaries will receive 1,000,000 shares of Bioleum’s Series 1 preferred stock (“Series 1 Preferred Stock”) with a face value of $65,000,000.00 upon completion of the Private Spinout, including the value of the Affiliate Shares and Common Stock stated in Section 2.2.1 and Section 2.2.2 above.
2.5 Affiliate Shares. The applicable Seller’s Permitted Designees receiving Affiliate Shares as stated in the Disbursement Instructions shall execute and deliver a mutually acceptable form of release agreement (“Release Agreement”).
2.6 Common Stock.
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2.6.1 |
Application of Proceeds. If and to the extent that the sale of the Common Stock results in net proceeds greater than $10,000,000.00, then all of such excess proceeds or any shares of Common Stock still held shall be paid or delivered to Buyer. If and to the extent that the sale of the Common Stock results in net proceeds less than $10,000,000.00, then Buyer shall deliver additional shares of registered and freely tradable Buyer common stock and/or cash to Seller equal to such shortfall and continue doing so until such time as Seller’s net proceeds is equal to $10,000,000.00. Buyer also retains the right to purchase the Common Stock from Seller for the purchase price of $10,000,000.00 (less the amount of cash proceeds received by Seller from any previous sale of the Common Stock by Seller), at any time during or prior to the liquidation of the Common Stock. |
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2.6.2 |
Resale Registration Statement. As soon as practicable after the date hereof, Buyer hereby covenants and agrees to file one or more resale registration statements with the Securities Exchange Commission with respect to the Common Stock, including any additional shares of Common Stock that may be issuable under Section 2.2 and Section 2.3.1 hereof, and to cause each such resale registration statement to be declared effective in each case on a time of the essence basis. |
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2.6.3 |
Further Assurances; Cooperation. Buyer shall use its best efforts to cooperate with Seller and/or Seller’s Permitted Designees and to diligently perform as contemplated hereunder. At and after the Effective Date, Buyer shall execute and deliver such further instruments of conveyance and transfer as Seller and/or Seller’s Permitted Designees may reasonably request to convey and effectively transfer the Common Stock and any other deliveries required hereunder on a time of the essence basis, including, without limitation, effective registration statements, opinions of counsel, and other documentation reasonably required for issuance, deposit, and sale of the Common Stock. |
2.7 Cash Consideration. Buyer and Seller agree and acknowledge that a $1,150,000.00 portion of the Cash Consideration was paid prior to the Effective Date in the form of advances against amounts payable under the APA, including in consideration for an $800,000.00 reduction to the aggregate Purchase Price (relating further to the Affiliate Shares and Release Agreements). Buyer shall pay and guarantee the payment of the remaining $6,050,000.00 in Cash Consideration (“Balance”) to Seller and/or Seller’s Permitted Designees from and after the date hereof on and subject to the terms of this Section 2.7.
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2.7.1 |
Comstock Payments. Buyer shall pay to Seller and/or Seller’s Permitted Designees $120,000.00 per month for eighteen (18) months commencing July 1, 2025, and continuing until December 1, 2026, and $60,000.00 per month commencing January 1, 2027, until or unless the Balance has been paid in full (“Comstock Payments”), in exchange for shares of Bioleum’s Series A Preferred Stock on substantially the same terms as third parties participating in Bioleum’s Series A Financing. |
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2.7.2 |
Bioleum Payments. Bioleum shall pay to Seller and/or Seller’s Permitted Designees 2% of all financing completed by Bioleum and its subsidiaries until and unless the Balance has been paid in full (“Bioleum Payments”). |
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2.7.3 |
Cessation of Payments at Full Satisfaction of Balance. For avoidance of doubt, Buyer’s and Bioleum’s payment obligations under Section 2.7.1 and Section 2.7.2, respectively, shall cease on the date that the sum of the Comstock Payments and Bioleum Payments is equal to the Balance. |
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2.7.4 |
Allocation of Cash Consideration. Seller hereby agrees to pay, and GCDF hereby agrees to accept, 16.67% of each payment of Cash Consideration received by Seller under this Section 2.7, in each case within five (5) days of receipt by Seller, in full satisfaction of all amounts due from Seller to GCDF in connection with the APA. |
2.8 Secured Lender Consent. Seller shall deliver executed consents of the Secured Lenders upon the Effective Date hereof (“Lender Consents”).
2.9 Commercialization. The Parties hereby agree to use their commercially reasonable efforts to accelerate and maximize commercial utilization of the Decarbonization Technologies and the resulting financial, natural, and social throughput and value creation.
[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
- SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this letter agreement to be executed as of the date set forth herein by their duly authorized representatives.
BUYER
COMSTOCK INC.
| By: | /s/ Corrado De Gasperis | |
| Name: | Corrado De Gasperis | |
| Title: | Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer |
SELLER
FLUX PHOTON CORPORATION
| By: | /s/ Kevin Kreisler | |
| Name: | Kevin Kreisler | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer |
AGREED TO AND ACKNOWLEDGED BY
COMSTOCK FUELS CORPORATION
| By: | /s/ Corrado De Gasperis | |
| Name: | Corrado De Gasperis | |
| Title: | Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer |
BIOLEUM CORPORATION
| By: | /s/ Corrado De Gasperis | |
| Name: | Corrado De Gasperis | |
| Title: | Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer |
GLOBAL CATALYTIC DISRUPTOR FUND LLC
| By: |
/s/ David Winsness
|
|
| Name: | David Winsness | |
| Title: | Manager |
Exhibit 99.1

COMSTOCK RELEASES SHAREHOLDER LETTER
Closes Initial $20 Million Tranche of Series A Investment and Separation of Fuels
VIRGINIA CITY, NEVADA, MAY 22, 2025 – Comstock Inc. (NYSE American: LODE) (“Comstock” and the “Company”) today announced that its executive chairman and chief executive officer, Corrado De Gasperis, issued the following letter to shareholders announcing major transformative milestones, including the separation of Comstock Fuels.
Dear Shareholders:
On behalf of our Board of Directors, Executive Officers, and the entire Comstock team, thank you for your continued support of our goals and bold strategies for achieving systemic decarbonization, establishing technological leadership in the massive global renewable fuels and renewable metals markets and positioning great value for all of our shareholders.
I am genuinely thrilled to announce the completion of the successful separation of our renewable fuels segment into a new independent entity, Bioleum Corporation (“Bioleum”), and its high-value capitalization, through the closing on the first $20 million in direct Series A equity investment. This investment is the first of $50 million planned this year.
This achievement fulfills the first phase of the plans we outlined earlier this year and positions us with two high-growth companies – one focused on renewable metals and mining here in Nevada, and the other on renewable fuels headquartered in Oklahoma – enabling two extremely different business and capital profiles and providing each the platform to thrive in their own markets. In doing so, we are unleashing unprecedented opportunities for growth and value creation.
Bioleum Separation Completed: A Bold New Chapter
We have officially separated and contributed the assets that formerly comprised Comstock’s fuels segment into Bioleum, a newly formed company dedicated to accelerating and maximizing the production and use of lignocellulosic biomass – or BioleumTM – derived fuels and attracting the necessary capitalization to do so. Bioleum’s formation marks the next chapter in this rapid evolution – one where our renewable fuels platform can accelerate under its own banner with singular focus and clarity with the ultimate objective of also becoming a publicly traded company.
Comstock now owns $65 million of the preferred stock in Bioleum, convertible into 32.5 million common shares, nearly the exact number of total outstanding shares of LODE today. This represents the substantial majority of Bioleum, positioning an exceptional value for our shareholders today and preserving our ability to accelerate the growth of that value and the delivery of that value directly to our shareholders, ultimately through a future public offering and beyond.
This transaction was structured to give Bioleum operational independence, with direct governance from Comstock and the strategic Series A investors, while maintaining and ensuring exceptional alignment with Comstock’s interests. Bioleum now has its own dedicated leadership and resources: Kevin Kreisler has been appointed Chief Executive Officer of Bioleum, and – in addition to my continuing role as Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Comstock, I will also serve as Bioleum’s Executive Chairman and Chief Financial Officer to both guide and support the new enterprise. I will be the only professional employed directly by both companies. With an independent board and governance, including representatives of the Series A investors and independent board members of Comstock, Bioleum can effectively and efficiently accelerate its mission and critical financing strategy. We believe that this structure, combined with Comstock’s ongoing governance and preferred equity interest, strikes the ideal balance to maximize Bioleum’s potential and unlock the full value of its clean energy portfolio for all of our shareholders.
Critically, the separation and its aligned structure, satisfies key conditions of large, sophisticated investors for new investment in Bioleum. Concurrently with the separation, Bioleum has closed an initial $20 million tranche of its Series A preferred stock financing. This infusion of growth capital validates Bioleum’s strategy and provides the resources to accelerate its next phase of development. These funds will support Bioleum’s continuing development as it completes engineering, financing, and construction of its first planned 400,000 barrel per year commercial demonstration facility in Oklahoma. In short, Bioleum is now equipped, capitalized, and structured to move forward at full speed. This capital also immediately relieves Comstock of a substantial majority of its liquidity and capital resource demands and constraints.
Bioleum’s Path to Full Commercialization
The initial objectives are clear. Bioleum will continue to focus on securing all approvals and agreements, including with top-tier Engineering, Procurement and Construction (“EPC”) and other strategic relationships while engineering is completed to construct its flagship 400,000 barrel per year refinery in Oklahoma. This first facility will deliver over $30 million in annual operating income once up and running, showcasing its commercial viability. Bioleum has already advanced site selection and engineering, and is working on project-level financing, permitting, regulatory approvals, and all other site agreements, fueled by the Series A capital.
Bioleum’s proprietary refining platform can convert underutilized woody biomass into a low-carbon, direct substitute for gasoline, diesel, and sustainable aviation fuel, effectively transforming waste biomass into high-value fuels with a carbon intensity as low as 15. In essence, we have uncovered a new kind of “oil well” – one that never runs dry because it is fed by renewable resources. As we often say, imagine an oil well that never stops producing – that is what Bioleum delivers. With market-leading yields of up to 140 gallons of fuel per ton of feedstock (on a gasoline gallon equivalent basis) and a platform designed to scale 10x beyond the first facility, Bioleum is poised to enlist major oil companies in accelerating and maximizing the production and use of Bioleum derived fuels.
Comstock Metals: Strength in Sustainable Innovation
While Bioleum separates, our Metals business will continue to grow stronger than ever. We are proud to report that Comstock Metals revenues are growing rapidly and achieving the highest levels of industry recognition. Recently, Comstock Metals became the first company in North America to earn the stringent R2v3 and RIOS certifications for zero-waste solar panel recycling. This groundbreaking certification validates that our recycling facility and processes meet the highest global standards for safety, environmental stewardship, and total waste elimination. In fact, under the R2v3/RIOS standard (including the specialized Appendix G), we demonstrated a 100% landfill-free recycling process – every component of an end-of-life solar panel (glass, aluminum, semiconductor fines, and other metals) is fully reclaimed and repurposed into new raw materials. Nothing goes to waste. This achievement is an extraordinary testament to our team’s innovation and diligence. It proves that our proprietary thermal recycling technology can deliver commodity-grade outputs from solar trash, with all parts of the panel fully recycled into valuable products.
Importantly, this certification also provides assurance to our customers, partners, and regulators that Comstock Metals’ operations meet the absolute highest bar for responsible recycling, without any reliance on government incentives. We have essentially built a new kind of mine above ground – one that harvests critical metals from retired solar panels instead of digging ore from the earth. As I’ve described before, it’s like a “world-class silver mine using solar panel waste as ore” that never depletes and just keeps on producing. With this validation in hand, Comstock Metals is aggressively scaling up its services to meet surging demand. We have been ramping up our recycling throughput (a fourfold increase year-over-year in Q1) and expanding our partnerships, including world-class customers and a master services agreement with RWE Clean Energy all while maintaining our zero-landfill promise. We are securing expanded and new permits and are preparing to expand to industry-scale operations at our Nevada facility to process dramatically larger volumes of photovoltaic waste. In short, Comstock Metals is now a proven leader in sustainable metal recycling, with a robust pipeline of business and technology that positions us for exponential growth. We could not be prouder of our teams.
Strategic Rationale: Capital Efficiency, Risk Management, and Value Creation
I want to clearly articulate our thinking behind separating the Bioleum and Comstock entities at this time. This transaction was driven by opportunity – and by necessity. Both our Fuels and Metals businesses have matured to a point where they can attract significant investment and growth on their own. However, they each have very different capital needs, risk profiles, and operational focuses. By separating them, we enable each company to pursue tailored funding and growth strategies with maximum efficiency. Bioleum can now raise capital (such as the Series A financing) directly into its projects and technology, without competing with or being bottlenecked by Comstock’s other needs. At the same time, Comstock Metals can seek its own strategic partnerships and financing faster and more efficiently (for new industry scale recycling facilities, for example) without having to dilute or divert resources to the Fuels business. This clear management, capital and growth focus in each company means more efficient use of funds and faster development cycles for both.
Separation also improves risk management. Renewable fuels and recyclable metals are adjacent in our mission, but they are fundamentally different businesses. Each business faces unique technical and market risks. By structurally isolating them, we ensure that challenges in one domain will not hinder the progress of the other. Investors and partners can now engage with a pure-play renewable metals producer or a pure-play renewable fuels developer, without ambiguity. This clarity reduces the perceived risk for stakeholders and allows each company to be evaluated on its own merits. Moreover, it grants each management team the autonomy to focus exclusively on its core mission – whether that is scaling up recycling operations or building biorefineries – thus sharpening execution and accountability.
Finally, and most importantly, this separation is about unlocking the full value and impact of the businesses we have built. We firmly believe that the combined value of Comstock and Bioleum as separate entities will exponentially exceed what might have been reflected as a single conglomerate. The market can now properly value our Metals business as the first mover in zero-waste solar recycling, and value Bioleum as a high-growth renewable fuels innovator, without one overshadowing the other. Early evidence of this value creation is clear: the separation and Bioleum’s financing were completed at an implied valuation that significantly uplifts the recognized value of our Fuels segment. Comstock retains a substantial majority equity position in Bioleum, so our shareholders keep substantial upside in Bioleum’s future success, while better protecting against downside risks and gaining all the benefits of a more focused parent company. We expect that as Bioleum reaches its milestones and as Comstock Metals rapidly expands, the sum-of-parts value to our shareholders will deliver dramatic and exponential returns.
Moving Forward
I want to emphasize the confidence I have in our bold path forward. We have spent the last four years investing in new technologies, overcoming challenges, and relentlessly driving toward commercialization of two revolutionary platforms. That effort has now culminated in a historic achievement: we launched Bioleum as an independent company and fortified Comstock Metals as a standalone powerhouse. We are now operating with a sharpened focus in each business. Our vision of enabling energy independence and a circular, decarbonized economy is not just alive – it’s accelerating.
Comstock emerges from this separation as a more streamlined enterprise laser-focused on renewable metals, with a healthy balance sheet and a stake in one of the most promising renewable fuel ventures in the world. Bioleum, for its part, is charging ahead to reinvent how we produce fuels, armed with world-class technology, a passionate team of industry veterans, and the funding to realize its plans. Together, though operating separately, Comstock and Bioleum are advancing complementary missions that address two of the world’s most pressing needs: clean energy and resource sustainability. We are leading – setting new standards, forging new partnerships, and capturing new markets.
I have never been more confident in our strategy or more excited looking to the future. We will continue executing with the same determination and ingenuity that brought us to this point. We look forward to creating extraordinary value together as we drive a true revolution in renewable fuels and sustainable materials.
Key Highlights
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Completed Separation of Comstock Fuels into Bioleum – Successfully separated our renewable fuels business into Bioleum Corporation, an independent entity, satisfying all conditions for the capital needs of the business. Comstock retains a substantial majority in Bioleum to participate in its tremendous growth potential. |
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Comstock’s Stake – $65M Preferred Equity – Comstock received $65 million in preferred equity in Bioleum, convertible into 32.5 million common shares, representing a well-protected and substantial majority ownership of Bioleum. This ensures Comstock shareholders benefit from Bioleum’s future success. |
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Bioleum Funded and Positioned for IPO – Bioleum closed an initial $20 million Series A financing concurrent with the separation. Proceeds will fund critical growth milestones. Bioleum plans an IPO upon completing the construction of its first 400,000 barrel per year refinery and meeting key commercialization milestones. |
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Comstock Metals’ Extraordinary First Mover Advantage – Comstock Metals recycling business is thriving. Comstock Metals achieved the first R2v3/RIOS certification in North America for 100% zero-waste solar panel recycling, validating our world-class, zero-landfill process. Comstock Metals is scaling up with new permits, major customers, and expanding revenues, fulfilling the vision of a “solar waste silver mine” that never depletes. |
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Strategic Benefits of Separation – The separation enhances capital efficiency (each company can raise and allocate capital optimally), improves risk management (distinct businesses are insulated from each other’s risks), and unlocks value (investors can properly value each pure-play business, driving greater aggregate shareholder value). We expect this separation to accelerate growth and maximize shareholder returns for both companies. |
I appreciate everyone’s dedication and support in helping us get to this launching point. I am very much looking forward to discussing these achievements, our remarkable progress, and next steps with you during our 2025 Annual Meeting.
Kindest regards,
Corrado De Gasperis
Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Comstock Inc.
Additional information on the Bioleum transactions will be provided in Comstock’s planned Current Report on Form 8-K to be filed online on May 23, 2025.
About Bioleum Corporation
Bioleum Corporation (“Bioleum”) is setting a new standard in oil by developing and commercializing breakthrough refining technologies that convert lignocellulosic biomass into low-carbon transportation fuels at commercial scale, including cellulosic ethanol, gasoline, renewable diesel, synthetic aviation fuel (“SAF”), and other renewable fuels, with extremely low carbon intensity scores of 15 and market-leading yields of up to 140 gallons per dry metric ton of feedstock (on a gasoline gallon equivalent basis, or “GGE”). Bioleum plans to contribute to domestic energy dominance by directly building, owning, and operating a network of refineries in the U.S., starting with its planned first 400,000 barrel per year commercial demonstration facility in Oklahoma. Bioleum also licenses its advanced feedstock and refining solutions to third parties for additional production in the U.S. and global markets, including several recently announced and other pending projects. To learn more, please visit www.bioleum.com.
About Comstock Inc.
Comstock Inc. (NYSE: LODE) innovates and commercializes technologies that are deployable across entire industries to contribute to energy abundance by efficiently extracting and converting under-utilized natural resources, such as waste and other forms of woody biomass into renewable fuels, and end-of-life electronics into recovered electrification metals. To learn more, please visit www.comstock.inc.
Comstock Social Media Policy
Comstock Inc. has used, and intends to continue using, its investor relations link and main website at www.comstock.inc in addition to its X.com, LinkedIn and YouTube accounts, as means of disclosing material non-public information and for complying with its disclosure obligations under Regulation FD.
Contacts
For investor inquiries:
Judd B. Merrill, Chief Financial Officer
Tel (775) 413-6222
ir@comstockinc.com
For media inquiries:
Tracy Saville, Director of Marketing
Tel (775) 847-7573
media@comstockinc.com
Forward-Looking Statements
This press release and any related calls or discussions may include forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “project,” “plan,” “should,” “intend,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “potential” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements but are not the exclusive means of doing so. Forward-looking statements include statements about matters such as: future market conditions; future explorations or acquisitions; divestitures, spin-offs or similar distribution transactions, future changes in our research, development and exploration activities; future financial, natural, and social gains; future prices and sales of, and demand for, our products and services; land entitlements and uses; permits; production capacity and operations; operating and overhead costs; future capital expenditures and their impact on us; operational and management changes (including changes in the Board of Directors); changes in business strategies, planning and tactics; future employment and contributions of personnel, including consultants; future land and asset sales; investments, acquisitions, divestitures, spin-offs or similar distribution transactions, joint ventures, strategic alliances, business combinations, operational, tax, financial and restructuring initiatives, including the nature, timing and accounting for restructuring charges, derivative assets and liabilities and the impact thereof; contingencies; litigation, administrative or arbitration proceedings; environmental compliance and changes in the regulatory environment; offerings, limitations on sales or offering of equity or debt securities, including asset sales and associated costs; business opportunities, growth rates, future working capital, needs, revenues, variable costs, throughput rates, operating expenses, debt levels, cash flows, margins, taxes and earnings. These statements are based on assumptions and assessments made by our management in light of their experience and their perception of historical and current trends, current conditions, possible future developments and other factors they believe to be appropriate. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees, representations or warranties and are subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are unforeseeable and beyond our control and could cause actual results, developments, and business decisions to differ materially from those contemplated by such forward-looking statements. Some of those risks and uncertainties include the risk factors set forth in our filings with the SEC and the following: adverse effects of climate changes or natural disasters; adverse effects of global or regional pandemic disease spread or other crises; global economic and capital market uncertainties; the speculative nature of gold or mineral exploration, and lithium, nickel and cobalt recycling, including risks of diminishing quantities or grades of qualified resources; operational or technical difficulties in connection with exploration, metal recycling, processing or mining activities; costs, hazards and uncertainties associated with precious and other metal based activities, including environmentally friendly and economically enhancing clean mining and processing technologies, precious metal exploration, resource development, economic feasibility assessment and cash generating mineral production; costs, hazards and uncertainties associated with metal recycling, processing or mining activities; contests over our title to properties; potential dilution to our stockholders from our stock issuances, recapitalization and balance sheet restructuring activities; potential inability to comply with applicable government regulations or law; adoption of or changes in legislation or regulations adversely affecting our businesses; permitting constraints or delays; challenges to, or potential inability to, achieve the benefits of business opportunities that may be presented to, or pursued by, us, including those involving battery technology and efficacy, quantum computing and generative artificial intelligence supported advanced materials development, development of cellulosic technology in bio-fuels and related material production; commercialization of cellulosic technology in bio-fuels and generative artificial intelligence development services; ability to successfully identify, finance, complete and integrate acquisitions, spin-offs or similar distribution transactions, joint ventures, strategic alliances, business combinations, asset sales, and investments that we may be party to in the future; changes in the United States or other monetary or fiscal policies or regulations; interruptions in our production capabilities due to capital constraints; equipment failures; fluctuation of prices for gold or certain other commodities (such as silver, zinc, lithium, nickel, cobalt, cyanide, water, diesel, gasoline and alternative fuels and electricity); changes in generally accepted accounting principles; adverse effects of war, mass shooting, terrorism and geopolitical events; potential inability to implement our business strategies; potential inability to grow revenues; potential inability to attract and retain key personnel; interruptions in delivery of critical supplies, equipment and raw materials due to credit or other limitations imposed by vendors; assertion of claims, lawsuits and proceedings against us; potential inability to satisfy debt and lease obligations; potential inability to maintain an effective system of internal controls over financial reporting; potential inability or failure to timely file periodic reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission; potential inability to list our securities on any securities exchange or market or maintain the listing of our securities; and work stoppages or other labor difficulties. Occurrence of such events or circumstances could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows, or the market price of our securities. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements by or attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by these factors. Except as may be required by securities or other law, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. Neither this press release nor any related calls or discussions constitutes an offer to sell, the solicitation of an offer to buy or a recommendation with respect to any securities of the Company, the fund, or any other issuer.
Exhibit 99.2
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Information
On May 22, 2025, Comstock Inc. (“Comstock”) (NYSE American: LODE) announced a series of transactions with Bioleum Corporation, a newly incorporated privately held corporation, including the restructuring and settlement of certain commitments and obligations resulting from an amendment to the FPC Asset Purchase Agreement (the “FPC Amendment”) associated with the 2021 acquisition of Comstock Innovations Corporation (fka Plain Sight Innovations) and Flux Photon Corporation and the assignment and assumption of the assets and liabilities to Bioleum Corporation (the “Assignment”) that comprised the former Comstock’s Fuels division.
Bioleum Corporation expects to complete the Convertible Preferred Stock Series A (“CPS Series A”) round before the end of the 2025 third quarter and Comstock expects to complete the transfer to Bioleum Corporation all of the financial activities and positions associated with the entities comprising its former Fuels division before the end of the 2025 second quarter. The associated financial activities and positions are then expected to be deconsolidated from Comstock’s consolidated financial statements.
FPC Amendment
As a prerequisite to the CPS Series A and the Assignment, Comstock amended its asset purchase agreement with Flux Photon Corporation (“FPC”), originally entered into in 2021, which included an original earn-out obligation of $18 million to be paid from a percentage of Comstock’s future cash flows. Prior to the Assignment, Comstock’s Board of Directors approved the FPC Amendment of certain remaining obligations under this asset purchase agreement, involving the issuance of 1,700,000 common shares to FPC obligors and 300,000 to affiliates of FPC to settle $10 million of the earn-out and other commitments. Comstock also approved the settlement of an additional commitment of future monthly cash payments, up to approximately $2.5 million over the next 24 months and further consideration not to exceed $5,650,000 over the next seven years. These cash payments will be made in direct exchange for Comstock receiving additional Bioleum Corporation CPS Series A shares. Additional transaction details are described in the accompanying footnotes.
Assignment
The assignment and assumption to Bioleum Corporation of the assets and liabilities contained within the following formerly wholly owned Comstock subsidiaries that comprised its former Fuels division:
|
● |
Comstock Fuels Corporation; |
|
● |
Comstock Innovations Corporation; |
|
● |
Comstock Engineering Corporation; |
|
● |
Comstock IP Holdings LLC; |
|
● |
MANA Corporation; |
|
● |
Comstock Fuels Oklahoma LLC; and |
|
● |
Bioleum PDC Madison LLC. |
The unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial information (the “Pro Forma Financial Information”) included herein has been prepared to illustrate the estimated impact of the FPC Amendment and the Assignment of the former Fuels division on Comstock’s historical financial position and results of operations. The Pro Forma Financial Information is based on Comstock’s historical consolidated financial statements adjusted to reflect the FPC Amendment and the Assignment as if they had occurred on:
|
● |
January 1, 2023, for the unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, and for the three months ended March 31, 2025; and |
|
● |
March 31, 2025, for the unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated balance sheet. |
Beginning with Comstock’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the six months ending June 30, 2025, we believe the results of operations for the transferred division will be reported as discontinued operations.
The Pro Forma Financial Information should be read in conjunction with:
|
● |
The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in Comstock’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three-months ended March 31, 2025; and |
|
● |
The audited consolidated financial statements included in Comstock’s Annual Reports on Form 10-K for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. |
The adjustments included in the Pro Forma Financial Information are based on currently available information and assumptions that management believes to be reasonable and supportable. Actual financial results may differ from the pro forma information due to changes in the final terms of the transaction, estimates, or other factors.
For Pro Forma Financial Information purposes, Comstock’s investment in Bioleum Corporation has an estimated carrying value of approximately $65.0 million. This amount reflects Comstock’s initial investment—made through the issuance of its common stock, which occurred in 2021—in the subsidiary entities comprising the Fuels division, as well as subsequent costs incurred, including cash outlays related to innovations, engineering, investments, working capital and other general purposes for the Fuels division. It is believed that this amount will approximate the fair value of the investment as of the date of transfer.
Comstock intends to finalize the determination of the estimated fair value of its investment in Bioleum Corporation upon the completion of the transfer and using the most current and relevant data available at that time. An independent valuation will be obtained in connection with this final determination.
The estimated fair value utilized for preparing the Pro Forma Financial Information is subject to significant estimation uncertainty and may materially differ from the actual fair value determined at the time of the transfer. Any such difference could directly impact the recorded investment balance and any gain or loss recognized upon deconsolidation of the Fuels division.
The Pro Forma Financial Information is presented for informational purposes only and does not purport to represent what Comstock’s actual financial position or results of operations would have been had the transfer occurred as of the dates indicated. Furthermore, it is not indicative of future financial performance. All material pro forma adjustments and underlying assumptions are described in detail in the accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated pro forma financial information.
COMSTOCK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
March 31, 2025
|
Transaction Accounting Adjustments |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Comstock Inc. Historical |
FPC Earn Out Settlement Adjustments |
Assignment Adjustments |
Comstock Inc. Pro Forma |
|||||||||||||||
|
ASSETS |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Current Assets: |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 3,906,773 | $ | — | $ | (806,068 | ) |
(d) |
$ | 3,100,705 | ||||||||
|
Accounts receivable |
3,644,369 | — | — | 3,644,369 | ||||||||||||||
|
Derivative assets |
406,942 | — | — | 406,942 | ||||||||||||||
|
Assets held for sale - land and mineral rights and properties |
7,058,933 | — | — | 7,058,933 | ||||||||||||||
|
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
680,262 | — | (166,938 | ) | 513,324 | |||||||||||||
|
Total current assets |
15,697,279 | — | (973,006 | ) | 14,724,273 | |||||||||||||
|
Non-current Assets: |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Investments |
39,594,103 | — | (1,518,039 | ) | 38,076,064 | |||||||||||||
|
Investment in Bioleum Corporation - Series 1 preferred |
— | — | 65,000,000 |
(c) |
65,000,000 | |||||||||||||
|
Investment in Bioleum Corporation - Series A |
— | 5,650,000 |
(b) |
— | 5,650,000 | |||||||||||||
|
Mineral rights and properties |
11,250,121 | — | — | 11,250,121 | ||||||||||||||
|
Properties, plant and equipment, net |
20,734,578 | — | (12,368,038 | ) | 8,366,540 | |||||||||||||
|
Notes receivable |
2,860,291 | — | (1,880,000 | ) | 980,291 | |||||||||||||
|
Intangible assets, net |
5,821,174 | 10,750,000 |
(a) |
(16,571,174 | ) |
(e) |
— | |||||||||||
|
Finance lease - right of use asset, net |
3,075,377 | — | (875,351 | ) | 2,200,026 | |||||||||||||
|
Operating lease - right of use asset, net |
8,103,651 | — | (3,529,733 | ) | 4,573,918 | |||||||||||||
|
Other assets |
4,190,922 | — | (329,489 | ) | 3,861,433 | |||||||||||||
|
Total non-current assets |
95,630,217 | 16,400,000 | 27,928,176 | 139,958,393 | ||||||||||||||
|
TOTAL ASSETS |
$ | 111,327,496 | $ | 16,400,000 | $ | 26,955,170 | $ | 154,682,666 | ||||||||||
See accompanying notes to Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Information.
COMSTOCK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET (Continued)
March 31, 2025
|
Transaction Accounting Adjustments |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Comstock Inc. Historical |
FPC Earn Out Settlement Adjustments |
Assignment Adjustments |
Comstock Inc. Pro Forma |
||||||||||||||
|
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Current Liabilities: |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Accounts payable |
$ | 3,201,029 | $ | — | $ | (1,330,444 | ) | $ | 1,870,585 | ||||||||
|
Accrued expenses and other liabilities |
3,401,551 | 1,440,000 |
(b) |
(1,966,113 | ) | 2,875,438 | |||||||||||
|
Deferred revenue |
789,120 | — | (33,333 | ) | 755,787 | ||||||||||||
|
Derivative liabilities |
1,229,000 | 5,852,000 |
(a) |
— | 7,081,000 | ||||||||||||
|
Total current liabilities |
8,620,700 | 7,292,000 | (3,329,890 | ) | 12,582,810 | ||||||||||||
|
Long-term Liabilities: |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Operating lease - right of use lease liability |
8,321,853 | — | (3,445,794 | ) | 4,876,059 | ||||||||||||
|
Marathon Simple Agreement for Future Equity (“SAFE”) Note |
12,000,000 | — | (12,000,000 | ) | — | ||||||||||||
|
Series A Obligation for Future Equity - Earn Out cash |
— | 4,210,000 |
(b) |
— | 4,210,000 | ||||||||||||
|
Debt, net |
13,904,372 | — | — | 13,904,372 | |||||||||||||
|
Other liabilities |
8,932,637 | — | (1,289,304 | ) | 7,643,333 | ||||||||||||
|
Total long-term liabilities |
43,158,862 | 4,210,000 | (16,735,098 | ) | 30,633,764 | ||||||||||||
|
TOTAL LIABILITIES |
51,779,562 | 11,502,000 | (20,064,988 | ) | 43,216,574 | ||||||||||||
|
Stockholders' Equity: |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Common stock |
160,410 | 1,332 |
(a) |
— | 161,742 | ||||||||||||
|
Additional paid-in capital |
404,132,520 | 4,896,668 |
(a) |
— | 409,029,188 | ||||||||||||
|
Accumulated deficit |
(344,744,996 | ) | — | 47,020,158 | (297,724,838 | ) | |||||||||||
|
Total stockholders' equity |
59,547,934 | 4,898,000 | 47,020,158 | 111,466,092 | |||||||||||||
|
TOTAL LIABILITIES & STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |
$ | 111,327,496 | $ | 16,400,000 | $ | 26,955,170 | $ | 154,682,666 | |||||||||
See accompanying notes to Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Information.
COMSTOCK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
For the Three-Months Ended March 31, 2025
|
Transaction Accounting Adjustments |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Comstock Inc. Historical |
FPC Earn Out Settlement Adjustments |
Assignment Adjustments |
Comstock Inc. Pro Forma |
|||||||||||||||
|
Revenue |
$ | 785,815 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 785,815 | ||||||||||
|
Cost of goods sold |
886,796 | — | — | 886,796 | ||||||||||||||
|
Operating Expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Selling, general and administrative expenses |
3,258,465 | — | (325,821 | ) | 2,932,644 | |||||||||||||
|
Research and development |
3,303,918 | — | (2,876,942 | ) | 426,976 | |||||||||||||
|
Depreciation and amortization |
375,384 | 268,750 |
(a) |
(516,582 | ) |
(f) |
127,552 | |||||||||||
|
Total operating expenses |
6,937,767 | 268,750 | (3,719,345 | ) | 3,487,172 | |||||||||||||
|
Loss from operations |
(7,038,748 | ) | (268,750 | ) | 3,719,345 | (3,588,153 | ) | |||||||||||
|
Other Income (Expense): |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Interest expense |
(659,144 | ) | — | 85,509 | (573,635 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
Change in fair value of derivative instruments |
(1,190,803 | ) | (9,452,000 | ) |
(a) |
— | (10,642,803 | ) | ||||||||||
|
Loss on conversion of debt |
(1,196,880 | ) | — | — | (1,196,880 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
Gain on extinguishment of liability |
845,000 | — | — | 845,000 | ||||||||||||||
|
Other income (expense) |
146,644 | — | (49,851 | ) | 96,793 | |||||||||||||
|
Total other income (expense), net |
(2,055,183 | ) | (9,452,000 | ) | 35,658 | (11,471,525 | ) | |||||||||||
|
Net income (loss) |
(9,093,931 | ) | (9,720,750 | ) | 3,755,003 | (15,059,678 | ) | |||||||||||
|
Net income (loss) attributable to Comstock Inc. |
$ | (9,093,931 | ) | $ | (9,720,750 | ) | $ | 3,755,003 | $ | (15,059,678 | ) | |||||||
|
Earnings per Share - Basic and Diluted: |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Net loss per share - basic and diluted |
$ | (0.37 | ) | $ | (0.57 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted |
24,266,290 | 2,000,000 |
(a) |
26,266,290 | ||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Information.
COMSTOCK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
For the Year Ended December 31, 2024
|
Transaction Accounting Adjustments |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Comstock Inc. Historical |
FPC Earn Out Settlement Adjustments |
Assignment Adjustments |
Comstock Inc. Pro Forma |
|||||||||||||||
|
Revenue |
$ | 3,016,163 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 3,016,163 | ||||||||||
|
Cost of goods sold |
451,938 | — | — | 451,938 | ||||||||||||||
|
Operating Expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Selling, general and administrative expenses |
12,703,056 | — | (933,682 | ) | 11,769,374 | |||||||||||||
|
Research and development |
19,098,183 | — | (4,965,651 | ) | 14,132,532 | |||||||||||||
|
Depreciation and amortization |
2,242,554 | 1,075,000 |
(a) |
(2,022,848 | ) |
(f) |
1,294,706 | |||||||||||
|
Impairment of intangible assets |
8,667,869 | — | (7,560 | ) | 8,660,309 | |||||||||||||
|
Impairment of properties, plant and equipment |
324,047 | — | — | 324,047 | ||||||||||||||
|
Gain on sale of mineral rights |
(804,489 | ) | — | — | (804,489 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
Total operating expenses |
42,231,220 | 1,075,000 | (7,929,741 | ) | 35,376,479 | |||||||||||||
|
Loss from operations |
(39,666,995 | ) | (1,075,000 | ) | 7,929,741 | (32,812,254 | ) | |||||||||||
|
Other Income (Expense): |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Loss on investments |
(711,920 | ) | — | — | (711,920 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
Interest expense |
(2,971,351 | ) | — | 298,022 | (2,673,329 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
Change in fair value of derivative instruments |
1,284,614 | 4,250,000 |
(a) |
— | 5,534,614 | |||||||||||||
|
Loss on conversion of debt |
(9,755,686 | ) | — | — | (9,755,686 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
Loss on debt extinguishment |
(817,498 | ) | — | — | (817,498 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
Other income (expense) |
(764,062 | ) | — | 179,425 | (584,637 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
Total other income (expense), net |
(13,735,903 | ) | 4,250,000 | 477,447 | (9,008,456 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
Net income (loss) |
(53,402,898 | ) | 3,175,000 | 8,407,188 | (41,820,710 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest |
(81,444 | ) | — | — | (81,444 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
Net income (loss) attributable to Comstock Inc. |
$ | (53,321,454 | ) | $ | 3,175,000 | $ | 8,407,188 | $ | (41,739,266 | ) | ||||||||
|
Earnings per Share - Basic and Diluted: |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Net loss per share - basic and diluted |
$ | (3.21 | ) | $ | (2.24 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted |
16,613,755 | 2,000,000 |
(a) |
18,613,755 | ||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Information.
COMSTOCK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
|
Transaction Accounting Adjustments |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Comstock Inc. Historical |
FPC Earn Out Settlement Adjustments |
Assignment Adjustments |
Comstock Inc. Pro Forma |
|||||||||||||||
|
Revenue |
$ | 1,274,449 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1,274,449 | ||||||||||
|
Operating Expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Selling, general and administrative expenses |
12,588,626 | — | (215,411 | ) | 12,373,215 | |||||||||||||
|
Research and development |
6,117,305 | — | (6,131,242 | ) | (13,937 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
Depreciation and amortization |
2,477,525 | 1,075,000 |
(a) |
(2,005,342 | ) |
(f) |
1,547,183 | |||||||||||
|
Gain on sale of Facility |
(7,304,570 | ) | — | — | (7,304,570 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
Total operating expenses |
13,878,886 | 1,075,000 | (8,351,995 | ) | 6,601,891 | |||||||||||||
|
Loss from operations |
(12,604,437 | ) | (1,075,000 | ) | 8,351,995 | (5,327,442 | ) | |||||||||||
|
Other Income (Expense): |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Gain on investments |
25,034,875 | — | (3,828,001 | ) |
(g) |
21,206,874 | ||||||||||||
|
Interest expense |
(1,646,724 | ) | — | 66,323 | (1,580,401 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
Change in fair value of derivative instruments |
961,085 | 4,590,000 |
(a) |
— | 5,551,085 | |||||||||||||
|
Gain on conversion of debt |
129,705 | — | — | 129,705 | ||||||||||||||
|
Transaction costs for Assignment |
— | — | 200,000 |
(d) |
200,000 | |||||||||||||
|
Other income (expense) |
(1,348,252 | ) | — | (3,991 | ) | (1,352,243 | ) | |||||||||||
|
Total other income (expense), net |
23,130,689 | 4,590,000 | (3,565,669 | ) | 24,155,020 | |||||||||||||
|
Net income |
10,526,252 | 3,515,000 | 4,786,326 | 18,827,578 | ||||||||||||||
|
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest |
1,364,431 | — | — | 1,364,431 | ||||||||||||||
|
Net income attributable to Comstock Inc. |
$ | 9,161,821 | $ | 3,515,000 | $ | 4,786,326 | $ | 17,463,147 | ||||||||||
|
Earnings per Share - Basic and Diluted: |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Net income per share - basic |
$ | 0.87 | $ | 1.40 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income per share - diluted | $ | 0.87 | $ | 1.40 | ||||||||||||||
| Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic |
10,512,675 |
2,000,000 | (a) | 12,512,675 | ||||||||||||||
|
Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted |
10,516,936 | 2,000,000 |
(a) |
12,516,936 | ||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Information.
COMSTOCK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION
The Comstock Inc. (“Comstock”) historical financial information was referenced from Comstock’s Annual Reports on Form 10-K for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, and its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three-months ended March 31, 2025. Certain historical consolidated financial information has been condensed for the purpose of these pro forma condensed consolidated financial information. The Pro Forma Financial Information should be read in conjunction with the historical consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto of Comstock.
The Pro Forma Balance Sheet is presented as if the FPC Amendment and the Assignment had been completed on March 31, 2025. The Pro Forma Statements of Operation are presented as if the FPC Amendment and the Assignment had been completed on January 1, 2023.
The FPC Amendment and Assignment and related adjustments are described in the accompanying notes and are based on currently available information. All material adjustments have been made that are necessary to present fairly the Pro Forma Financial Information, in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation S-X of the SEC. The Pro Forma Financial Information does not purport to represent what Comstock’s financial position or results of operations would have been if the transactions had actually occurred on the dates indicated, nor are they indicative of Comstock’s future financial position or results of operations. Actual results may differ materially from the assumptions and estimates reflected in the Pro Forma Financial Information.
PRO FORMA ADJUSTMENTS
Adjustments included in the “Transaction Accounting Adjustments” column reflect the impact of the amendment to the FPC Asset Purchase Agreement (the "FPC Earn-Out Settlement Adjustments") and the impact of the Assignment (the “Assignment Adjustments”).
The presented adjustments are not tax-effected, as Comstock's net deferred tax assets - both including and excluding the Bioleum Corporation-related activity and balances - are fully offset by a valuation allowance, resulting in an effective tax rate of zero.
Transaction Accounting Adjustments – FPC Earn-Out Settlement Adjustments
(a) - In connection with entering into the FPC Amendment, Comstock agreed to amend the FPC Asset Purchase Agreement to issue 2,000,000 shares of common shares (the “Settlement Shares”), 1,700,000 of such shares will go towards settling $10.0 million with true up provisions for any proceeds received by FPC that are below or in excess of $10.0 million, and the other 300,000 additional shares to settle $750,000 in certain FPC affiliates. The anticipated additional 2,000,000 shares resulted in an overall impact to common stock at par of $1,332 and additional paid-in capital of $4,896,668 based on a trading price of $2.44 on March 31, 2025.
As a result of the 1,700,000 and 300,000 share issuances noted above, Comstock recognized a $10,750,000 intangible asset with a 10-year estimated useful life. Amortization expense related to the FPC Earn Out intangible asset would be $268,750, $1,075,000, and $1,075,000 for the three-months ended March 31, 2025 and the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2025, respectively.
At March 31, 2025, the 1,700,000 shares subject to the $10.0 million true-up, resulted in a derivative liability of $5,852,000 based on a trading price of $2.44 on March 31, 2025. Additionally, based on the changes in share price at each reporting period end, Comstock would have incurred a $4.6 million gain on derivative valuation for the year-ended December 31, 2023, a $4.3 million gain on derivative valuation for the year-ended December 31, 2024, and a $9.5 million loss on derivative valuation for the three-months ended March 31, 2025. The fair value of the derivative was based on a trading price at March 31, 2025, December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 of $2.44, $8.00 and $5.50, respectively.
Pro forma basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share and pro forma weighted-average basic and diluted shares outstanding for the three-months ended March 31, 2025, and the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, reflect the number of shares of Comstock Inc. common stock which will be issued per the amendments to the FPC Asset Purchase Agreement of 2,000,000 shares.
(b) – Reflects a $6,050,000 cash obligation for future equity funding with a portion paid by Comstock at a rate equal to $120,000 per month for 18 months, $60,000 per month thereafter, together with payments equaling 2% of financing raised by Bioleum Corporation and its subsidiaries, until such time as the entire $6,050,000 is paid in full by and between both Comstock and Bioleum Corporation, in full settlement of the earn out. Bioleum Corporation agreed to issue shares of Series A Preferred Stock to Comstock in exchange for all of the cash payments made by Comstock to FPC pursuant to the FPC Amendment. As of the date of this filing, Bioleum Corporation raised an additional $20 million in third party investment reducing the $6,050,000 cash obligation immediately by 2% of that related financing raised for a total cash obligation of $5,650,000, recorded as additional Investment in Bioleum - Series A on the balance sheet at March 31, 2025 with a related short-term and long-term liability. The short-term a liability was calculated as $1,440,000, representative of twelve months of activity at a guaranteed cash rate of $120,000 per month with the remaining $4,210,000 recorded as a long-term liability.
Transaction Accounting Adjustments – Assignment Adjustments
All Assignment Adjustments reflect the removal of Comstock’s Fuels Division balances for assets and liabilities as well as income statement activity for each respective period-end, with the exception of the following:
(c) - Reflects the estimated fair value of Comstock’s investment in Bioleum Corporation of $65.0 million consisting of the following.
|
Investment |
Amount |
|||
|
Shares of Comstock common stock issued |
$ | 37,000,000 | ||
|
Cash advanced to Comstock Fuels since initial investment |
28,000,000 | |||
|
Total Investment - Series 1 Preferred Shares |
$ | 65,000,000 | ||
|
● |
Shares of Comstock common stock issued – reflects common stock issued in connection with historical acquisitions and other transactions involving Comstock’s Fuels Division-related subsidiaries. |
|
● |
Since the initial investment, Comstock Inc. has funded expenditures associated with Comstock Fuels totaling $28.0 million through March 31, 2025. Upon the Assignment, the receivable from Comstock Fuels is added to the basis of Comstock Inc.’s investment in Bioleum Corporation. |
Comstock anticipates that its Investment in Bioleum Corporation will be less than 20% of total equity in Bioleum Corporation and the investment will be accounted for on the cost basis. Management believes that Bioleum Corporation is a variable interest entity ("VIE") but after the Assignment is complete, Comstock will not be the primary beneficiary of the VIE.
The estimated fair value of this investment as of the Pro Forma Balance Sheet date is approximately $65.0 million and has been used to reflect the calculation of the impact of the Assignment in the Pro Forma Financial Information and related adjustments.
This fair value estimate is preliminary and based on internally developed assessments associated with costs incurred by Comstock. Due to the absence of published information regarding the value of Bioleum Corporation at the time of this filing, significant judgment was required in estimating fair value, and actual results may differ materially.
A change of +/- 20% in the estimated fair value of the investment would result in a corresponding change of +/- $13.0 million in the recognized gain (loss) in the Pro Forma Financial Information and related adjustments. This change would also affect shareholders’ equity and other related metrics accordingly. These estimates are subject to change and may be updated upon receipt of additional information or upon completion of the Assignment and any related valuation prepared by specialists.
(d) - Reflects estimated non-recurring transaction costs of $200,000 related to the Assignment, including fees paid for financial advisory, legal and other professional services, as follows:
|
Calculation of Adjustments to Historical Fuels Division Balances |
||||||||||||
|
Historical Fuels Balance at March 31, 2025 |
Estimated Transaction Costs |
Adjusted Fuels Balance at March 31, 2025 |
||||||||||
|
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |
$ | (1,006,068 | ) | $ | 200,000 | $ | (806,068 | ) | ||||
For the year ended December 31, 2023, Comstock’s pro forma statement of operations includes $200,000 of non-recurring transaction costs included other income (expense).
(e) – Reflects an adjustment of $10,750,000 (a) in additional intangible asset at the Fuels Division level, calculated as follows:
|
Calculation of Adjustments to Fuels Division Balances |
||||||||||||
|
Historical Fuels Balance at March 31, 2025 |
Additional Intangible Asset related to FPC Amendment |
Adjusted Fuels Balance at March 31, 2025 |
||||||||||
|
Intangible assets, net |
$ | (5,821,174 | ) | $ | (10,750,000 | ) | $ | (16,571,174 | ) | |||
(f) – Reflects an adjustment for amortization expense on the $10,750,000 intangible asset, by period, calculated as follows:
| Calculation of Amortization Expense Adjustments by Period | ||||||||||||
|
Quarter-Ended |
Year-Ended |
Year-Ended |
||||||||||
|
March 31, 2025 |
December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||
|
Historical Fuels division |
$ | (247,832 | ) | $ | (947,848 | ) | $ | (930,342 | ) | |||
|
Pro Forma Adjustment |
(268,750 | ) | (1,075,000 | ) | (1,075,000 | ) | ||||||
|
Pro Forma Fuels division, by period |
$ | (516,582 | ) | $ | (2,022,848 | ) | $ | (2,005,342 | ) | |||
(g) – Reflects estimated loss on assignment as of December 31, 2023, as a result of the Assignment, calculated as follows:
|
Calculation of Estimated Loss of Assignment |
||||
|
Estimated Fair Value of Bioleum Investment |
$ | 65,000,000 | ||
|
Less: Estimate of transaction costs |
(200,000 | ) | ||
|
|
$ | 64,800,000 | ||
|
Comstock Inc.'s original investment in Fuels division subsidiary acquisitions with shares of common stock |
$ | 29,028,360 | ||
|
Comstock funding of Fuels division's operations since inception |
28,849,641 | |||
|
Impact of FPC Earn Out Settlement Agreement |
10,750,000 | |||
|
Total |
$ | 68,628,001 | ||
|
Loss on Assignment at January 1, 2023 |
$ | (3,828,001 | ) | |