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Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal controls over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. Yes ☒ No ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based on the closing price of a share of common stock on July 31, 2024, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, as reported by the New York Stock Exchange on such date was approximately $1,355,922,770. This calculation does not reflect a determination that certain persons are affiliates of the registrant for any other purpose.

As of March 7, 2025, there were 58,772,448 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding.

1 Phreesia, Inc. is a fully remote company and no longer maintains its principal executive office. The address listed here is the mailing address that we maintain. For purposes of compliance with applicable requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and

Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, stockholder communications required to be sent to our principal executive offices should

be directed to the email address set forth in our proxy materials and/or identified on our investor relations website.

Portions of the registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement relating to its 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed hereafter are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K where indicated.

Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties that you should be aware of in evaluating our business. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the following:

•We operate in a highly competitive industry, and if we are not able to compete effectively, including with the electronic health records ("EHR") and practice management ("PM") systems with which we integrate, our business and results of operations may be harmed.

•If we fail to manage our future growth effectively, our revenue may not increase, and we may be unable to implement our business strategy.

•Our operating results have fluctuated and may continue to fluctuate significantly, and if we fail to meet the expectations of analysts or investors, our stock price and the value of your investment could decline substantially.

•Privacy concerns, cyber-attacks, data breaches or cybersecurity incidents relating to our SaaS-based solutions could result in economic loss, damage to our reputation, deterring users from using our products, and our exposure to legal penalties and liability.

•Our operations in India subject us to additional risks which could have an adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition.

•We typically incur significant upfront costs in our client relationships, and if we are unable to develop or grow these relationships over time, we are unlikely to recover these costs and our operating results may suffer.

•As a result of our variable sales and implementation cycles, we may be unable to recognize revenue to offset expenditures, which could result in fluctuations in our quarterly results of operations or otherwise harm our future operating results.

•The estimates and assumptions we use to determine the size of our target market may prove to be inaccurate, and even if the markets in which we compete meet our size estimates and forecasted growth, our business may not grow at similar rates, or at all.

•We depend on our senior management team and certain key employees, and the loss of one or more of our executive officers or key employees or an inability to attract and retain highly skilled employees could adversely affect our business.

•We have made, and may in the future make, acquisitions and investments which may be difficult to integrate, divert management resources, result in unanticipated costs or dilute our stockholders.

•We are a fully remote company that does not maintain a physical office presence, which subjects us to unique operational risks.

•We are subject to health care laws and data privacy and security laws and regulations governing our collection, use, disclosure, storage and transmission of personally identifiable information, including protected health information and payment card data, which may impose restrictions on us and our operations, require us to change our business practices and put in place additional compliance mechanisms, and subject us to fines, penalties, lawsuits, adverse publicity, reputational harm, loss of customer trust or government enforcement actions if we are unable to fully comply with such laws.

•We rely on our third-party contractors, vendors and partners, including some outside of the United States, to execute our business strategy. Replacing them could be difficult and disruptive to our business. If we are unsuccessful in forming or maintaining such relationships on terms favorable to us, our business may not succeed.

The summary risk factors described above should be read together with the text of the full risk factors below in the section titled "Risk Factors" and in the other information set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes, as well as in other documents that we file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). If any such risks and uncertainties actually occur, our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. The risks summarized above or described in full below are not the only risks that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us, or that we currently deem to be immaterial may also materially adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

This Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the sections entitled “Business,” “Risk Factors,” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” contains express or implied statements that are not historical facts and are considered forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements generally relate to future events or our future financial or operating performance and may contain projections of our future results of operations or of our financial information or state other forward-looking information. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the following words: “may,” “will,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “project,” “potential,” “continue,” “ongoing,” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words.

Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, these statements relate to future events or our future operational or financial performance, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance, or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K include, but are not limited to, statements about:

•our future financial performance, including our revenue, cash flows, costs of revenue and operating expenses;

•the rapidly evolving industry and the market for technology-enabled services in healthcare in the United States being relatively immature and unproven;

•our reliance on a limited number of clients for a substantial portion of our revenue;

•our anticipated growth and growth strategies and our ability to effectively manage that growth;

•our ability to achieve positive net income and our ability to maintain and grow positive Adjusted EBITDA;

•the sufficiency of our cash, cash equivalents and investments to meet our liquidity needs;

•our potential competition with our customers or partners;

•our existing clients not renewing their existing contracts with us, renewing at lower fee levels or declining to purchase additional applications from us;

•our failure to adequately maintain our direct sales force, impeding our growth;

•our ability to recover the significant upfront costs in our customer relationships;

•liability arising from our collection, use, disclosure, or storage of sensitive data collected from or about patients;

•our reliance on third-party vendors, manufacturers and partners to execute our business strategy;

•the impact of privacy concerns, data breaches or other cybersecurity incidents on our business operations, financial performance and results of operations;

•the uncertainty and ongoing flux of the regulatory and political framework, including potential regulatory, judicial, and legislative changes or developments resulting from the change in U.S. presidential administration;

•our ability to comply with laws and regulations;

•our ability to determine the size of our target market;

•the impact of market volatility, including the inflationary and interest rate environment, economic slowdowns and recessions, and other global financial, economic and political events, on our business and our ability to attract, retain and cross-sell to healthcare services clients;

•our ability to obtain, maintain and enforce intellectual property for our technology and products;

•our inability to implement our solutions for clients resulting in loss of clients and reputation;

•our dependency on our key personnel, and our ability to attract, hire, integrate, and retain key personnel, including as a result of being a fully remote company;

•the possibility that we may become subject to future litigation and the expected outcome of any ongoing litigation matters;

•our future indebtedness and contractual obligations;

•our expectations regarding trends in our key metrics and revenue from subscription fees from our healthcare services clients, payment processing fees and fees charged to our life sciences clients and other organizations for delivering direct communications to help activate, engage and educate patients about topics critical to their health;

•our ability to meet our objectives regarding our operations in India; and

•other risks and uncertainties, including those listed under the section titled "Risk Factors."

We caution you that the foregoing list may not contain all of the forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We have based our forward-looking statements primarily on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. The outcome of the events described in these forward-looking statements is subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, including, without limitation, those described in the section titled “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time and it is not possible for us to predict all risks and uncertainties that could have an impact on the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We cannot assure you that the results, events and circumstances reflected in these forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur, and actual results, events or circumstances could differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements.

The forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K speak only as of the date on which the statements are made. We undertake no obligation to update, and expressly disclaim the obligation to update, any forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or to reflect new information or the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements.

This Annual Report on Form 10-K includes statistical and other industry and market data that we obtained from industry publications and research, surveys and studies conducted by third parties. Industry publications and third-party research, surveys and studies generally indicate that their information has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, although they do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of such information. We have not independently verified the information contained in such sources.

Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “Phreesia,” “the Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K refer to Phreesia, Inc.

We are a leading provider of comprehensive software solutions that improve the operational and financial performance of healthcare organizations and improve health outcomes by helping patients take a more active role in their care. Phreesia’s mission is to make care easier every day. We have created an integrated and streamlined system that automates data capture and activates patients before, during and after their interaction with their healthcare services provider. Our solutions include SaaS-based integrated tools that manage patient access, registration and payments. We offer tools to communicate with patients about their health that have demonstrated increased rates of preventive care and vaccinations. Additionally, our solutions include clinical assessments to screen patients for a variety of physical, behavioral and mental health conditions, helping providers better understand their patients and connect them to needed services, resulting in improved health outcomes. We also provide life sciences companies, government entities, patient advocacy, public interest and not-for-profit and other organizations with a channel for direct education and communication with patients in a privacy-protected environment. Additional products and services include the MediFind provider directory, which helps patients find care based on providers' specialty and condition expertise. In fiscal 2025, we facilitated patient visits in over 4,300 healthcare services clients across all 50 states. We define a patient visit as an individual, in-person or telehealth visit to a healthcare services provider, which may include multiple encounters by the same patient.

Patient intake is a complex and time-consuming process involving numerous tasks, including registration, insurance verification, patient questionnaires, patient-reported outcomes ("PROs") and payments. Inefficiencies during the intake process often result in lower satisfaction for patients and healthcare services organizations, wasted time, missed revenue opportunities and diminished health outcomes.

Our comprehensive range of technology solutions and services include registration, appointment scheduling, payments, automated answering services, and post-appointment patient surveys. We securely collect and analyze each patient’s information and provide engagement tools to efficiently guide each patient through their healthcare journey. We deploy our solutions to patients across a range of modalities, including through patients’ mobile devices (Phreesia Mobile), and through our self-service intake tablets (PhreesiaPads) and on-site kiosks (Arrivals Kiosks), all of which provide an individualized experience for each patient based on age, gender, appointment type and other clinical and demographic factors. We deploy our solutions to healthcare services clients through a web-based dashboard (Phreesia Dashboard). Our solutions are highly customizable and scalable to any size healthcare service organization and can seamlessly integrate within a client’s workflows and leading Practice Management, or PM, and Electronic Health Record, or EHR, systems. Our solutions additionally allow for secure and integrated payments at the time-of-service and after explanation of benefits.

We serve an array of healthcare services clients of all sizes across over 25 specialties, ranging from single-specialty practices, including internal and family medicine, urology, dermatology, and orthopedics, to large, multi-specialty groups and health systems as well as other organizations that provide other types of healthcare-related services. Our network solutions clients include life sciences companies in the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device industries, as well as government entities, patient advocacy, public interest and other not-for-profit organizations seeking to activate, engage and educate patients about topics critical to their health. Our goal is to help patients have more informed conversations to help them make decisions about their care.

We offer our clients a comprehensive range of technology applications and modules that address the growing needs of the healthcare market by helping patients take a more active role in their care.

•Our access to care solutions provide a comprehensive appointment scheduling system to provide clients with applications for online appointments, reminders and referral tracking and management, in addition to managing inbound patient calls during and after business hours. Through our MediFind.com provider directory, we enable healthcare services clients to manage their MediFind provider profiles, helping patients to find the best doctors, latest medical advances and active clinical trials, and helping patients to book appointments.

•Our registration solutions automate patient self-registration before or at the time of the patient’s visit— via Phreesia Mobile or through the use of a purpose-built PhreesiaPad or Arrivals Kiosk for on-site check-in. Our Phreesia Dashboard is used by healthcare services organization staff to monitor and manage the intake process. We also collect clinical intake and PRO data for more than 25 specialties, enabling our clients to ask the right clinical questions of the appropriate patients at the right time and gather key data that aligns with their quality-reporting goals. In addition, our registration solutions include electronic forms that streamline workflows, improve compliance and deliver a better patient experience.

•Our revenue cycle solutions provide insurance-verification processes, point-of-sale payments applications, post-visit payment collection and flexible payment options, which help healthcare services clients maximize the timely collection of patient payments.

•Our network solutions provide a channel for our life sciences, patient advocacy, government and public health clients to deliver content to patients who use our solutions and our MediFind platform. On behalf of our clients, we deliver clinically relevant content to patients who consent to receive information and engagement. Viewing content is optional, and patients can revoke their authorization at any time. Additionally, our DoctorFinder product allows Life Sciences companies to embed our MediFind doctor directory in their own websites, thereby helping patients find appropriate care for their unique needs.

We serve a range of healthcare services clients, including single-specialty practices, large multi-specialty groups and health systems. We provide services to large and small pharmaceutical, medical device and biotechnology companies, as well as government entities and other organizations. We believe our current addressable market is approximately $10.0 billion and is derived from: (1) the potential $6.3 billion of subscription and related services revenue generated from the approximately 1.4 million U.S.-based healthcare services organizations who take medical appointments in ambulatory care settings and healthcare service providers who work in hospital settings, (2) the estimated potential $2.3 billion of consumer-related transaction and payment processing fees, which are based on a percentage of payments that we process through our platform and address approximately $95.0 billion of annual out of pocket patient spend in ambulatory healthcare related professional services, (3) an estimated potential $1.9 billion in Network solutions revenue, based on projections of direct-to-consumer point-of-care marketing spend and other digital, direct-to-consumer life sciences marketing spend. We estimate that our target client universe in the ambulatory and hospital markets is approximately 50,000 unique healthcare services clients. As we develop new products and services, we expect our total addressable market to grow.

We are focused on providing healthcare services organizations, life sciences companies, government entities and other organizations the tools to help patients take a more active role in their care. We believe our solutions provide a unique value proposition that is differentiated from what is offered by the traditional healthcare system.

•Improved patient experience. Our solutions streamline the patient access and patient intake processes and provide consumer-centric options for check-in. We pre-populate information from prior visits, minimizing the frustration of repetitive questions during the intake process and streamlining the information for review by a clinician by the time the patient reaches the exam room. We also offer patients a convenient, flexible, secure intake experience that saves time and provides clarity regarding the amount of payment due. The MediFind provider directory helps patients find the right care for their unique needs. Patients are also able to save time by making their appointments using our technology. Additionally, our smart answering and after hours care solution improves the patient experience by routing incoming patient calls to the appropriate healthcare resources.

•Flexible payment options. We provide patients with flexibility and choice in how they pay for healthcare services. Patients are able to pay upfront or set up an automated payment plan that adheres to our healthcare services clients' financial policies. Patients can also choose to pay online on their healthcare services organization’s website or place a card on file, removing the need for difficult payment-related conversations with staff. Additionally, we customize the messaging, channel and timing of payment reminders by providing patients with easy-to-read digital bills through preferred patient channels including text or email.

•Activation in care. By leveraging the power of self-service, flexible software solutions and consent-based content delivery, we support and activate patients along their healthcare journey so they can take an active role in their healthcare decisions, resulting in improved health outcomes.

•Simplify operations and enhance staff efficiency. We enable healthcare services clients to streamline operations through automated patient access and intake, automated answering services and payments that are integrated into existing workflows and PM and EHR systems. By automating the numerous tasks and forms associated with the intake process, our healthcare services clients have been able to save time on patient check-ins and inbound calls. Our automated answering service routes and triages incoming patient calls during a practice’s normal business hours to connect patients with appropriate resources and services including medication refills and appointment scheduling, and our after-hours care service connects patients with the appropriate care after hours.

•Improve cash flow and profitability and gain new business. We enable our healthcare services clients to increase collections and reduce costs. Based on client feedback received and our internal analysis, we believe that our flexible patient payment options, including card on file, have led to an increase in time-of-service collections for the majority of our healthcare services clients. Our automated eligibility and benefits verification solution also reduces the number of denied claims. Additionally, the MediFind provider directory enables providers to enhance their visibility to prospective new patients by including their profiles in the provider directory.

•Enhance clinical and cost outcomes. We enable our healthcare services clients to more efficiently and effectively capture the right clinical information to meet their clinical goals and align with quality reporting initiatives. Our logic-driven delivery of PROs and other questionnaires help healthcare services clients identify at-risk patients in need of specific care and reduce errors by avoiding the need to manually gather the information. These PROs enable our healthcare services clients to close gaps in care, identify successful treatments and engage patients in their care. Through our subsidiary, Insignia Health, LLC ("Insignia"), we license the exclusive worldwide rights to the Patient Activation Measure ("PAM"®), which we believe is widely viewed as the gold standard of patient activation measures. Extensive research over the past decade suggests that the PAM could be a critical pathway in helping healthcare services clients achieve the goals of reducing costs and improving the health of their patients. Beginning in 2024, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services ("CMS") includes the PAM Performance Measure ("PAM-PM") in its Merit-based Incentive Payments System ("MIPS").

•Improve patient experience. We activate patients through their journey from access to registration to drive higher patient satisfaction, retention and safety. Our streamlined intake and payments offering provides a consumer-friendly experience and activates patients to take control of their care. Additionally, after obtaining patient consent, we enable healthcare services clients to conduct outreach within 24 hours of visit and generate real-time feedback that informs and drives efforts to improve patient experience.

•Direct communications. We provide life sciences companies, government entities, patient advocacy and other organizations with a channel to reach and engage patients in a relevant, privacy-protected environment. Our data-driven solutions ensure content is appropriately tailored to facilitate conversations with healthcare providers and support improved health outcomes.

•Speed diagnosis and increase uptake of preventive health services. Our data and analytics capabilities identify relevant patient populations that align with our life sciences clients’ audiences. Based on our ongoing analyses of client marketing and education campaigns conducted by data analytics companies, we believe patients exposed to our campaigns are more likely, on average, to receive a relevant diagnosis, undergo a preventive health screening, or receive a relevant treatment, than control patients.

•Improve brand conversion, treatment, and adherence. Our data and analytics capabilities identify patient populations that align with our life sciences clients’ audiences. Based on our ongoing analyses of client marketing campaigns conducted by data analytics companies, we believe patients exposed to a brand campaign using our solutions are more likely, on average, to take an action, such as initiating treatment, continuing treatment, or having a prescription filled for that product, than control patients.

•Learn about patient cohorts. Our Patient Insights solutions provide a channel for our life sciences clients to deliver surveys to patients and capture direct feedback and access relevant population insights.

We compete in a dynamic patient intake market with direct and indirect competitors that maintain varying degrees of resources and capabilities. We believe many direct competitors are focused on the basic aspects of electronic patient intake and are only starting to expand into the multiple adjacencies beyond patient registration such as access and clinical support.

Some of our existing and potential service providers, particularly EHR providers, have developed their own patient intake solutions and have become direct competitors. Our solutions integrate with a majority of the leading EHR systems.

We believe companies in the market for comprehensive software solutions, including patient intake, compete on the basis of several factors, including:

•price;

•breadth, depth, quality and reliability of product and service offerings;

•ease of use;

•ability to drive tangible return on investment;

•client-focused implementation services and training programs;

•healthcare domain expertise;

•patient clinical content offerings;

•client support and client services; and

•ability to integrate with all of a client’s existing systems, including EHR and/or PM systems.

Life sciences marketing is highly competitive and rapidly evolving and consists of both traditional media platforms (e.g. television and print media) as well as more modern web-based and application-based platforms that provide direct-to-consumer marketing for the life sciences industries. Our direct marketing solutions are unique and compete across the healthcare journey including during the search for care, at the point of care, and at pre- and post-visit moments across an array of digital devices backed by our commitment to transparency and third-party auditing. We compete on the basis of several factors, including price, quality, transparency and the ability to demonstrate meaningful return on investment.

The success of our business depends on acquiring new clients and increasing utilization among our existing clients, which in turn drives growth across our solutions. We believe we are well-positioned to benefit from a number of prevailing industry tailwinds across our patient access, registration, revenue cycle and Network solution areas. We intend to continue to proactively grow the business through the following strategies:

The market for a technology-powered intake and payment solution in the U.S. healthcare industry is large and underserved, and we believe we have a substantial opportunity to grow our client base and market share. With the ability to support over 25 different medical specialties and existing agreements with leading PM and EHR providers, we are able to serve a large portion of the U.S. ambulatory and acute care market. We currently serve a small percentage of ambulatory and acute care organizations, and we plan to continue to utilize our direct sales force to win new clients. We believe that expanding our solutions to new healthcare services organizations supports revenue growth for all of our solutions.

We generate recurring fees from our healthcare services clients based on the number of subscriptions to our solutions and add-on applications. As our healthcare services clients realize the value our solutions offer, they typically purchase additional subscriptions for their organizations. Our sales strategy is focused on expanding our revenue per average healthcare services client ("AHSC") and we believe there is a significant opportunity to sell new applications.

We believe our depth, scalability and robust capabilities allow us to address key challenges facing providers, life sciences companies and other organizations. As an innovative leader across these segments of healthcare, we intend to continue to invest in new value-added offerings for our clients. We have a well-defined technology roadmap to introduce new features and functionality to our products. We intend to leverage our network and patient activation capabilities to eliminate gaps in care and increase care coordination among all key healthcare constituents. By expanding and continuously enhancing our solutions, we believe we can drive incremental revenue from existing clients as well as broaden our appeal to potential new clients.

Our strong growth has included significant organic growth as we have added healthcare services and life sciences clients, while also expanding the solutions we offer those clients. Throughout our history, we have effectively contracted with leading PM and EHR solution providers and will continue to evaluate strategic and innovative investments and partnerships to accelerate growth.

Phreesia has also acquired products and functionalities that expand our suite of solutions. We evaluate many investment, partnership and acquisition opportunities on an ongoing basis. We target opportunities that enhance the breadth or depth of our ability to activate patients in their care. Our acquisitions to date have all been consistent with this philosophy, and we will continue to evaluate growth opportunities that complement our internal initiatives.

Our business model is based on developing and deploying new, value-added applications for our clients that increase revenue and enhance our attractive client unit economics. We have invested significantly and expect to continue investing significantly to create a comprehensive, scalable suite of solutions that allow us to gain operating leverage and enhance margins. Over time, we expect to increase net income and margins by adding new clients and by expanding our existing clients with minimal incremental investment. Moreover, we continually aim to improve effectiveness and efficiency.

Our solutions are specifically designed to cater to the needs of patients, healthcare services clients, life sciences companies, government entities and other organizations while improving healthcare engagement.

We offer healthcare services clients convenient online appointment requests for patients, appointment tracking and appointment management in one place, and provide insight into past and upcoming appointments. Our Access to Care solutions include:

•Provider directory for patients seeking care. On MediFind.com, healthcare services clients in our network can manage and update their profiles, to help new patients discover their services and book appointments.

•Integrated patient scheduling. We give patients 24/7 access to request or schedule their own in-person or virtual appointments online, either through a link or by responding to patient-outreach by their provider. Once patients self-schedule or send an appointment request, their information automatically populates into the Phreesia Appointments Hub for staff to track and manage.

•Automated appointment rescheduling. Our appointment rescheduling tool is an automated, text-based solution designed to fill open slots on a healthcare services client's schedule with clinically relevant patients. The tool leverages artificial intelligence and a custom-rules engine to offer earlier appointments for eligible patients as soon as a time slot becomes available.

•Appointment reminders. With our appointment reminder solution, patients receive email, text, and voice reminders about upcoming in-person and virtual appointments, reducing no-shows for our healthcare services clients. Patient responses to confirm, cancel or reschedule appointments flow directly into the Phreesia Appointments Hub.

•Patient text messaging. We allow healthcare services clients to send and receive text messages from individual patients about their in-person or virtual visits. This capability helps to reduce face-to-face interactions, decrease phone-call volume and improve patient communication.

•After-hours care. Our after-hours service helps healthcare services clients manage patients seeking care after-hours. A provider-facing app transcribes patient messages, routes to the on-call provider, and displays key information from the patient’s chart for a more productive call.

•Smart answering solution. We help healthcare services clients manage inbound patient calls digitally with the option to follow-up via text message, reducing burden on call center and front desk staff members.

•Referral management. We offer a suite of referral management tools for healthcare services clients that enable them to track incoming referrals in a centralized list, send referrals to specialists, and check the status of each request.

Our Registration applications facilitate mobile and on-site check-in, create a more complete patient record and increase patient convenience and satisfaction. These solutions include:

•Mobile and in-office intake modalities. We allow patients to check in securely and conveniently on their computer or mobile device, either prior to their visit or when they arrive at the office. Patients can also update their clinical and demographic information, take a photo to store in their patient record, capture images of their driver’s license and insurance card, sign forms and policies, pay copays and outstanding balances and select and update their preferred pharmacy—all from the privacy and ease of their own device.

•Registration for virtual visits. We support healthcare services clients offering telehealth by allowing them to perform all the necessary intake tasks for each virtual visit, including gathering consents, at scale. Intake for telehealth also provides patients with information about how their telehealth visit will work.

•Specialty-specific workflows. Our workflows cover over 25 specialties leveraging our proprietary logic to guide patients through a tailored list of questions, allowing them to efficiently enter and verify their demographics, insurance data and clinical information.

•Consent management. We streamline the process of collecting consents by ensuring that each patient receives the right forms. These forms can be customized by appointment type and can capture electronic signatures and send required forms directly to the PM or EHR system.

•Self service patient-reported outcomes and screenings.

•We deliver clinical assessments to screen patients for common morbidities, and we own the worldwide exclusive license to the PAM™, a measure that we believe is widely viewed as the gold standard for measuring patient activation.

•Behavioral health screenings for primary care. We identify and screens patients for common behavioral and mental health conditions, including depression, anxiety and substance abuse.

•Social determinants of health screening. We enable healthcare services clients to ask patients confidentially about their access to healthy food, safe housing and other social determinants that can have a critical impact on their health, to help healthcare services clients better understand patients and connect them to needed services.

We are able to improve key revenue cycle metrics with our payment solutions, increasing time-of-service and post-visit collections as well as improving patient convenience with online payments and card on file. Our Revenue Cycle solutions include:

•Point-of-service payments. We offer self-service payment options on Phreesia Mobile, on the PhreesiaPad or at an Arrivals Kiosk. Healthcare services client staff can also process time-of-service or post-explanation of benefits payments on the Phreesia Dashboard. We are able to replace or support a client’s existing payment processor with a fast and secure way to process transactions, as we accept all major credit cards (Visa, MasterCard, American Express and Discover), ApplePay, and other payment methods. Phreesia is a PCI DSS Level 1 Service Provider and offers PCI-compliant point-of-sale solutions that significantly reduce the client's PCI DSS reporting requirements.

•Insurance verification. Our automated eligibility and benefits application streamlines verification, reduces staff’s manual workload and alerts staff when attention is needed. We can run eligibility and benefits checks in advance, so our clients know their patients’ primary and secondary insurance before their visit.

•Payment plans. Our healthcare services clients can give patients the option to set up private, automated payment plans when they check in, or have the staff create payment plans for them on the Phreesia Dashboard. Each plan is configured according to the healthcare services client’s financial policies and managed automatically.

•Online payments. We allow practices to add a custom payment button to their website, send email reminders that direct patients to an online payment page and send bills directly to patients via text or email, based on patient preferences.

•Card on file and payment assurance. Patients may sign a financial policy that gives authorization to store their payment card on our secure solution, thus automatically collecting payments once claims are adjudicated.

We provide several opportunities for third parties to engage with the patients and providers who are using the tools and products we offer.

•Education and engagement before, during and after the visit.

◦PatientConnect is our point of care offering which enables third parties to deliver personalized health content to users who consent to receive such content after they have completed checking in for a doctor's appointment via Phreesia's intake software. Clients of this tool include life sciences organizations, government entities and patient advocacy groups.

◦Educational and promotional content about health is delivered to raise patient awareness and help patients start the right conversations with their providers, improving outcomes for these individuals. Educational material includes information about different therapy options to assist in advocating for their needs and preferences; disease education, which speeds up the time to diagnosis; screening tools and information to aid in early detection and disease prevention; engagement regarding prescriptions, and public service materials about vaccines, avoiding use of tobacco products, and more.

•Patient insights. Similar to delivery of educational materials, we conduct primary research among interested users after they check in for appointments via our intake software to understand sentiments and behaviors, uncover unmet needs, and learn about preferences and health beliefs. These insights aid clients in understanding their patients’ experiences and enhancing their existing products and services.

We have continued to enhance and develop our proprietary solutions with a focus on delivering reliability, performance, security and privacy. Our solutions have demonstrated scalability and robust integration within the operating infrastructure of our healthcare services clients. Our core technology capabilities include:

•Robust integration. We integrate our technology into PMs, EHRs and ambulatory and acute system workflows for over 4,300 healthcare services clients. Data captured from the patient or generated by the use of our solutions automatically integrate into the PM and EHR systems of healthcare services clients. We currently contract with leading PM and EHR providers that collectively represent the majority of the total PM and EHR market. These providers of PM and EHR solutions and our healthcare services clients can leverage our expanding APIs to embed the functionality of our solutions for their patients, while controlling the look and feel.

•Embedded payments. Our payment processing features have been designed to operate seamlessly within the workflows of our healthcare services clients, and our revenue cycle solutions can connect directly to those making payments, to multiple clearinghouses and directly with PM, EHR and other systems.

•Scalable at cost. Our robust and scalable SaaS-based solution allows us to iterate on existing technology and develop new solutions quickly and efficiently to meet the needs of our clients. Our unique architecture also allows new integrated applications to be quickly deployed to clients and allows real-time integration without expensive and difficult-to-manage VPN tunnels. This is particularly important in a regulatory environment and industry that continues to evolve.

•Consumer-oriented. Through technological innovation, we have continued to ensure our products and services evolve to meet growing and increasingly consumer-centric demands. Our technological innovations include enhancements to our user interface, which we believe has improved user experience, accessibility and satisfaction.

•Reliable. Our technology is engineered to provide strong reliability and availability. We process hundreds of thousands of transactions, including eligibility and benefits verification, payment card processing and email and text messaging, quickly and reliably at a low cost every day.

•Secure and private. We securely manage billions of data points for millions of patients using multiple devices. Maintaining the integrity of our solutions is critical to our business, our clients and the patients they treat. As our product offerings increase and become more robust, we continue to enhance and evolve our security program.

Privacy and security are our top priorities. We maintain a comprehensive security program designed to safeguard the confidentiality, integrity and availability of our clients’ data. In particular, we deploy physical, administrative and technical controls to appropriately safeguard patient information. Our infrastructure is deployed to three co-located data centers, and within multiple Microsoft Azure and Amazon Web Service environments, to securely manage and maintain our clients’ information.

We use external security auditors and industry-leading vendors, such as Sikich, A-LIGN, and Bluefin to ensure we have the controls and procedures in place to protect our clients’ sensitive information. We have industry certifications, including HITRUST, PCI-DSS Level 1 Service Provider, Systems and Organization Controls 2 ("SOC 2") and PCI Point-to-Point Encryption. As a PCI-DSS Level 1 Service Provider, we are committed to upholding industry security standards to cardholder data.

We are committed to protecting the information of and safeguarding privacy for our clients and their patients. To the extent we work as a third-party for our healthcare provider partners, we are a "Business Associate" as defined under the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, as amended by the Health Information and Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act ("HITECH Act") and their implementing regulations, collectively referred to as “HIPAA.” As a Business Associate, we sign Business Associate Agreements that govern our uses and disclosures of protected health information ("PHI") on behalf of our covered entity clients that engage us to provide our software solutions. In certain contexts, we also process personal data and consumer health data as a controller and are regulated by various federal and state laws when we do so, including the Federal Trade Commission Act, Washington’s My Health My Data Act, the California Consumer Privacy Act, and other similar U.S. state consumer privacy laws. Our publicly available privacy policies provide detailed information regarding how we protect consumers’ data and the data subject rights of consumers.

Refer to Item 1C. Cybersecurity in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding our processes to assess, identify and manage material risks from cybersecurity threats and our board’s role in overseeing risks from cybersecurity threats.

We market and sell our products and services to healthcare services prospects throughout the U.S. using a direct sales organization. Our database team is responsible for the hygiene and health of our data and is tasked with validating information by using various tools to enrich it. This data powers our sales development organization. Our marketing team identifies customer profiles, develops content and deploys one-to-many communications to soften the market. This helps prepare our sales development team to engage with new prospective customers. The sales development team creates opportunities and works with the direct sales team to qualify those opportunities. Our sales force executes on these qualified sales leads, partnering with our sales enablement and client services functions to ensure prospects are educated on the breadth of our capabilities and demonstrable value proposition, with the goal of attracting and retaining clients and expanding their use of our solutions over time. Most of our healthcare services customer contracts are structured as annual, auto-renewing agreements. Our sales typically involve competitive processes, and sales cycles have, on average, varied in duration from three months to six months, depending on the size of the potential client. After we secure new contracts, our sales team offers additional add-on solutions and services to healthcare services customers, expanding the breadth of solutions provided to clients, which we believe increases customer satisfaction and retention. In addition, through Phreesia University (Phreesia’s in-house training program), live and virtual events, we help our healthcare services clients optimize their businesses and, as a result, support client retention.

We also sell products and services to life sciences and other organizations, healthcare advertising agencies, government entities and advocacy groups through our direct sales and marketing teams. Most of the life science campaigns need to be measured and resold each year. Like healthcare services, the marketing team supports net new business and client retention for life sciences by educating ideal customer profiles about the value of Phreesia and the positive impact on health outcomes Phreesia campaigns have on patients.

Our operations and support organizations differentiate and enhance our clients’ and patients’ experience. Our teams have significant experience integrating with various EHR and PM systems, which can help take our healthcare services clients from sale to go-live much quicker than other solutions.

Our client-focused operations are structured to provide a seamless process.

•Client services. Our dedicated Client Services team is responsible for pre-sales engagement, new client onboarding and implementation, existing client implementation and on-site optimization. Client Services is organized by market specialization, ensuring that our team provides deep expertise in the markets they support. In addition, our implementation teams have extensive knowledge of the PM and EHR systems that our healthcare services clients use. Through our designed implementation approach and expertise, we are able to take healthcare services clients live efficiently and quickly. Our Client Services team is also able to demonstrate early return on investment in land-and-expand deals, enabling us to roll out to additional locations.

•Client success. Our success is driven by our ability to retain and expand relationships with existing and new clients. Our dedicated Client Success team is focused on the retention of our client base, coordinating directly with Sales and Client Services to meet this objective. Furthermore, we are continuously expanding our business and enhancing our clients' experience by offering additional products to our clients and driving adoption and utilization.

•Client support. We provide technical support to our healthcare services clients through our dedicated Client Support team to directly resolve any product and/or service issues. We serve as the single starting point for client issues and offer a collaborative support model in contrast to tiered support models. This model has proven to help large companies continue to scale, while leveraging the benefits of smaller operations.

We are committed to providing quality services and support, with a focus on integration, implementation support and overall client satisfaction.

Our business is subject to extensive, complex and rapidly changing federal and state laws and regulations. Various federal and state agencies have discretion to issue regulations and interpret and enforce privacy and other laws applicable to businesses such as ours. While we routinely evaluate our legal positions under applicable healthcare, data privacy, security and other laws and regulations, these regulations can vary significantly from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and interpretation and enforcement of existing laws and regulations can be uncertain or may change periodically. We cannot be assured that a review of our business by courts or regulatory authorities will not result in determinations that could adversely affect our operations or that the regulatory environment will not change in a way that restricts our operations. Federal and state legislatures also may enact various legislative proposals that could materially impact certain aspects of our business. In addition, our payments business is subject to certain financial services laws, regulations and rules, such as the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards.

There are numerous U.S. federal and state laws and regulations related to the privacy and security of personally identifiable information, including protected health information. In particular, HIPAA establishes privacy and security standards that limit the use and disclosure of PHI, and requires the implementation of administrative, physical, and technical safeguards to ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of individually identifiable health information in electronic form. Many of our customers are regulated as covered entities under HIPAA. As a service provider that creates, receives, maintains or transmits PHI on behalf of our covered entity customers, Phreesia is a “business associate” as defined under HIPAA, and certain HIPAA requirements are directly applicable to business associates.

Violations of HIPAA may result in civil and criminal penalties and a single data breach can result in violations of multiple standards. We must also comply with HIPAA’s breach notification rule. Under the breach notification rule, business associates must notify covered entities of a breach, and those covered entities must notify affected individuals without unreasonable delay in the case of a breach of unsecured PHI, which may compromise the privacy, security or integrity of the PHI. In addition, notification must be provided to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”), and, in cases where a breach affects more than 500 individuals, the local media. Breaches affecting fewer than 500 individuals must be reported to HHS on an annual basis. In the event of a breach, our covered entity customers may require that we provide assistance or request that we make these notifications on behalf of the covered entity in the breach notification process and may seek indemnification and other contractual remedies.

State attorneys general also have the right to prosecute HIPAA violations in their states. While HIPAA does not create a private right of action that would allow individuals to sue in civil court, its standards have been used as the basis for the duty of care in state civil suits, such as those for negligence or recklessness in misusing personal information.

In addition, HIPAA tasks HHS with establishing a methodology whereby harmed individuals who were the victims of breaches of unsecured PHI may receive a percentage of the Civil Monetary Penalty fine paid by the violator. We expect a continued or increased level of federal and state HIPAA privacy and security enforcement efforts.

On December 27, 2024, the HHS Office for Civil Rights (“HHS-OCR”) issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking to modify the HIPAA Security Rule to enhance cybersecurity protections for electronic protected health information (“ePHI”). The proposed rule would modify the HIPAA Security Rule to require covered entities and business associates to strengthen cybersecurity protections for individuals’ protected health information. Key proposals include removing the distinction between “required” and “addressable” implementation specifications and mandating the development and revision of a technology asset inventory and a network map. Given the recent change in presidential administration, it is difficult to anticipate when the proposed rule will be finalized or if the NPRM will be withdrawn.

In recent years, federal and state regulators have increased their focus on the application of HIPAA and other privacy laws to the digital space and to technology companies, and states have adopted new statutes applicable to this area.

Beyond HIPAA, it is important to note that additional federal and state laws restrict the use and disclosure of personally identifiable information, particularly sensitive information such as individually identifiable health information. For example, the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) has advised that failing to take appropriate steps to keep consumers’ personal information private and secure may constitute an unfair act or practice in or affecting commerce in violation of Section 5(a) of the Federal Trade Commission Act (the “FTCA”). The FTC expects a company’s data privacy and security policies and practices to be reasonable and appropriate in light of the sensitivity and volume of consumer information it holds, the size and complexity of its business and the cost of available tools to improve security and reduce vulnerabilities. In recent years, the FTC’s enforcement actions and guidance have focused on disclosures of sensitive health information by commonly used digital tracking technologies such as cookies, pixels, and software development kits in circumstances in which such disclosures are unfair or misleading. The FTC has initiated enforcement actions against entities in the health space that mislead consumers, make false or misleading statements in privacy policies, fail to limit third-party use of personal health information, fail to implement policies to protect personal health information or engage in other unfair practices that harm customers. We regularly review our privacy program in light of FTC guidance and enforcement actions and believe that our privacy standards are fair and transparent under the FTCA. However, in such an evolving regulatory space, there can be no assurances as to how future interpretations of law may affect our business.

Regulators and legislators in the United States are also increasingly scrutinizing and restricting certain personal data transfers and transactions involving foreign countries. For example, the Biden Administration’s executive order Preventing Access to Americans’ Bulk Sensitive Personal Data and United States Government-Related Data by Countries of Concern as implemented by Department of Justice regulations issued in December 2024, prohibits data brokerage transactions involving certain sensitive personal data categories, including health data, genetic data, and biospecimens, to countries of concern, including China. The regulations also restrict certain investment agreements, employment agreements and vendor agreements involving such data and countries of concern, absent specified cybersecurity controls. Actual or alleged violations of these regulations may be punishable by criminal and/or civil sanctions, and may result in exclusion from participation in federal and state programs.

Many states also have laws that protect the privacy and security of sensitive and personal information, including health information, and are, in many cases, not preempted by HIPAA and may be subject to varying interpretations by courts and government agencies. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”), as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act (“CPRA”), creates individual privacy rights for California consumers (as defined in the law) and places increased privacy and security obligations on entities handling personal data of consumers or households. The CCPA requires covered companies to provide certain disclosures to consumers about its data collection, use and sharing practices, and provides consumers with additional rights in their personal data, such as to have their data deleted and to opt-out of certain sales or transfers of personal information. While any information we maintain in our role as a business associate may be exempt from the CCPA, other records and information we maintain may be subject to the CCPA.

In addition to the CCPA, new privacy and data security laws have been enacted in numerous other states and have been proposed in even more states as well as in the U.S. Congress, reflecting a trend toward more stringent privacy legislation in the U.S., which may accelerate. Some of these laws are similar in scope to the CCPA, while other state laws, such as Washington’s My Health My Data Act or U.S. state biometric privacy laws, apply to distinct subsets of sensitive personal data, impose additional and different requirements on businesses, and grant distinct privacy rights to consumers.

The legislature in New York recently passed the Health Information Privacy Act. While the legislation has not been signed by the Governor, if enacted, the legislation would create protections for certain regulated health information, including limitations on processing such information without authorization unless such processing is strictly necessary for providing or maintaining a specific product or service requested by the individual, conducting internal business operations, or certain other purposes. A request for authorization would have to be made at least 24 hours after an individual creates an account or first uses the requested service. The legislation would also prohibit making the provision of a product or service contingent on an individual providing authorization for processing of their regulated health information. The legislation would not apply to protected health information collected by a covered entity or business association or information collected as part of a clinical trial regulated by the Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects which is commonly known as the Common Rule.

We expect that there will continue to be new proposed and amended laws, regulations and industry standards concerning privacy, data protection and information security in the U.S. Already in the U.S. we have witnessed significant developments at the state level. These new laws and proposed legislation have added additional complexity, variation in requirements, restrictions and potential legal risk, and required additional investment of resources in compliance programs and impact strategies. While we continue to evaluate the potential impact of new and proposed laws on our business, the application of such laws and their potential impact on our business is difficult to predict. In certain cases, it may become necessary to modify our planned operations and procedures to comply with more stringent state laws. The existence of privacy laws in different states in the country have increasingly made compliance obligations more complex and costly and may increase the likelihood that we may be subject to enforcement actions or otherwise incur liability for noncompliance. Not only may some of these state laws impose fines and penalties upon violators, but also some state laws, unlike HIPAA, may afford private rights of action to individuals who believe their personal information has been misused. In addition, state laws are changing rapidly, and there is discussion of a new federal privacy law to which we may be subject.

In recent years, there have been a number of well publicized data breaches involving the improper use and disclosure of personally identifiable information and PHI. Many states have responded to these incidents by enacting laws requiring holders of personal information to maintain safeguards and to take certain actions in response to a data breach, such as providing prompt notification of the breach to affected individuals and state officials. In addition, under HIPAA and pursuant to the related contracts with our business associates, we must report breaches of unsecured PHI to our contractual partners following discovery of the breach. Notification must also be made in certain circumstances to affected individuals, federal authorities and others.

There are number of U.S. federal and state laws and regulations that concern telephone calls, text messages and other telephonic communications to patients, potential patients, clients and potential clients. For example, the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (“TCPA”) is a federal statute that restricts certain calls and text messages to individuals. Some states, including Florida and Oklahoma, have mini-TCPA laws that restrict certain calls and text messages to their residents and mini-TCPA laws have been proposed in other state legislatures. Our call and text communications are or may be (or may become) subject to these laws.

Our subsidiary, Insignia, receives a portion of its revenue from customers that are governmental agencies or funded by government programs. As a federal government contractor, Insignia’s government contracts and subcontracts subject Insignia to the Federal Acquisition Regulation (“FAR”) and, among other requirements, the following: (a) termination when appropriated funding for the current fiscal year is exhausted; (b) termination for the governmental customer’s convenience, subject to a negotiated settlement for costs incurred and profit on work completed, along with the right to place contracts out for bid before completion of the full contract term, as well as the right to make unilateral changes in contract requirements, subject to negotiated price adjustments; (c) compliance and reporting requirements related to, among other things, agency-specific policies and regulations, information security, subcontracting requirements, equal employment opportunity, affirmative action for veterans and workers with disabilities and accessibility for the disabled; (d) broad audit rights; (e) specialized remedies for breach and default, including setoff rights, retroactive price adjustments and civil or criminal fraud penalties under the False Claims Act (as described below), re-procurement expenses, as well as mandatory administrative dispute resolution procedures instead of state contract law remedies; and (f) requirements to calculate overhead rates in accordance with the accounting procedures and internal controls required under the FAR standards.

We are subject to additional healthcare regulation by the federal government and by authorities in the states and foreign jurisdictions in which we conduct our business that may constrain our financial arrangements with third parties. Such laws include, without limitation, state and federal anti-kickback, fraud and abuse, false claims, and transparency laws and regulations and other transfers of value made to physicians and other healthcare providers. If our operations are found to be in violation of any of such laws or any other governmental regulations that apply, we may be subject to penalties, including, without limitation, administrative, civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines, disgorgement, the curtailment or restructuring of operations, integrity oversight and reporting obligations, exclusion from participation in federal and state healthcare programs and responsible individuals may be subject to imprisonment. Such laws and regulations include:

•the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, which prohibits, among other things, persons or entities from knowingly and willfully soliciting, receiving, offering or paying any remuneration (including any kickback, bribe or rebate), directly or indirectly, overtly or covertly, in cash or in kind, to induce, or in return for, the purchase, lease, order, arrangement, or recommendation of any good, facility, item or service for which payment may be made, in whole or in part, under a federal healthcare program, such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs. A person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of this statute or specific intent to violate it to have committed a violation. In addition to statutory exceptions, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Inspector General, or OIG, has enacted safe-harbor regulations that outline categories of activities that are deemed protected from prosecution under the Anti-Kickback Statute provided all applicable criteria are met. The failure of a financial relationship to meet all of the applicable safe harbor criteria does not necessarily mean that the particular arrangement violates the Anti-Kickback Statute. Violations are subject to civil and criminal fines and penalties for each violation, imprisonment, and exclusion from government healthcare programs. Moreover, the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act or federal civil monetary penalty laws;

•the federal civil and criminal false claims laws and civil monetary penalty laws, such as the federal False Claims Act, which impose criminal and civil penalties and authorize civil whistleblower or qui tam actions, against individuals or entities for, among other things: knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, to the federal government, claims for payment that are false or fraudulent; knowingly making, using or causing to be made or used, a false statement or record material to a false or fraudulent claim or obligation to pay or transmit money or property to the federal government or knowingly concealing or knowingly and improperly avoiding or decreasing an obligation to pay money to the federal government. Companies can be held liable under the federal False Claims Act even when they do not submit claims directly to government payors if they are deemed to “cause” the submission of false or fraudulent claims. The federal False Claims Act also permits a private individual acting as a “whistleblower” to bring actions on behalf of the federal government alleging violations of the federal False Claims Act and to share in any monetary recovery;

•HIPAA, which created new federal criminal statutes that prohibit a person from knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program or obtain, by means of false or fraudulent pretenses, representations or promises, any of the money or property owned by, or under the custody or control of, any healthcare benefit program, regardless of the payor (e.g., public or private) and knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up by any trick or device a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent statements or representations in connection with the delivery of, or payment for, healthcare benefits, items or services relating to healthcare matters; similar to the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation; and

•federal consumer protection and unfair competition laws, which broadly regulate marketplace activities and activities that potentially harm consumers.

Additionally, we are subject to state and foreign equivalents of each of the healthcare laws and regulations described above, among others, some of which may be broader in scope and may apply regardless of the payor. Many U.S. states have adopted laws similar to the federal Anti-Kickback Statute and False Claims Act, and may apply to our business practices, including, but not limited to, arrangements involving healthcare items or services reimbursed by non-governmental payors, including private insurers. There are ambiguities as to what is required to comply with these state requirements and if we fail to comply with an applicable state law requirement we could be subject to penalties.

Our continued growth and success depend, in part, on our ability to protect our intellectual property and proprietary technology. We primarily protect our intellectual property through a combination of trademarks, trade secrets and other contractual rights, including confidentiality, non-disclosure and assignment-of-invention agreements with our employees, independent contractors, consultants and companies with which we conduct business.

However, these intellectual property rights and procedures may not prevent others from creating a competitive SaaS solution or otherwise competing with us. We may be unable to obtain, maintain and enforce the intellectual property rights on which our business depends, and assertions by third parties that we violate their intellectual property rights could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

As of January 31, 2025, we had 2,082 full-time employees, including 623 in sales and marketing, 614 in research and development, 610 in services and support and 235 in general and administrative. As of January 31, 2025, we had 817 full-time employees in the United States and 1,265 full-time employees internationally. We also supplement our workforce with contractors and consultants, including a number of contractors and consultants in international locations. None of our employees are represented by labor unions or covered by collective bargaining agreements. We consider our relationship with our employees to be good, and we have not experienced any work stoppages.

Talent and Culture: The success and continued evolution of our company has been due in large part to the talent and engagement of our entire team. Our team members are key pillars of our success and fostering and developing their talent is central to our culture. Attracting and retaining top talent is a high priority for us, and we look to hire smart, passionate and driven individuals who want to be a part of our mission. Our strong company culture and investment in long-term career growth for our people is evidenced by the long tenure of many of our team members with our organization. During our fiscal year ended January 31, 2025, Modern Healthcare magazine recognized Phreesia as one of the “Best Places to Work in Healthcare” for the eighth time, and Phreesia was named to the list of "The Top 100 Software Companies of 2024" by the Software Report, our third year in a row on the list. Phreesia has also had representation on the Software Report's Top 50 Women Leaders in Software for the past seven years. All of these achievements optimally position us to continue to attract top healthcare and technology talent.

Access and Equal Opportunity: We are committed to hiring, developing and supporting an inclusive workplace. We seek to recruit employees of all backgrounds and support their professional development. We strive to make career paths, career development opportunities and mentorships available to all employees. Additionally, we cultivate opportunities for diverse voices to be heard and supported. Our employee resource groups ("ERGs") support our commitment to promoting and maintaining an inclusive culture for all employees by bringing together individuals from a wide range of backgrounds, experiences and perspectives. These groups seek to foster a sense of shared community and empowerment for employees. Phreesians can voluntarily join an ERG to network, discuss and exchange ideas and enhance their professional development.

We are also committed to supporting gender equality in our organization, including through our inclusive culture, board representation, pathways to leadership for women, pay equity and strong family-leave policies.

Remote Workforce: We have operated as a fully remote company since 2020, as we believe this arrangement allows us access to the best talent and creates optimal flexibility for our employees. We are intentional about building a remote-only culture that gives our employees a sense of meaning, connection and belonging, including through our mentorship program, town halls, regular in-person offsites and virtual activities.

We are a fully remote company and do not maintain principal executive offices. Our mailing address is 1521 Concord Pike, Suite 301, PMB 221, Wilmington, DE 19803, and our telephone number is (888) 654-7473. Our website address is http://www.phreesia.com. We do not incorporate the information on or accessible through our website into this report, and you should not consider any information on, or that can be accessed through, our website as part of this report.

Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to these filings, are available free of charge from our investor relations website at https://ir.phreesia.com as soon as reasonably practicable following our filing with or furnishing to the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, of any of these reports. The SEC maintains an Internet website at https://www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.

Phreesia investors and others should note that we announce material information to the public about our company, products and services and other issues through a variety of means, including our website at https://www.phreesia.com, our investor relations website at https://ir.phreesia.com, press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls, in order to achieve broad, non-exclusionary distribution of information to the public. We also use the following social media channels as a means of disclosing information about the company, our solutions, our planned financial and other announcements and attendance at upcoming investor and industry conferences, and other matters and for complying with our disclosure obligations under Regulation FD:

PHREESIA X Account (https://x.com/phreesia)

PHREESIA Facebook Page (https://www.facebook.com/phreesia/)

PHREESIA LinkedIn Page (https://www.linkedin.com/company/phreesia)

PHREESIA Instagram Account (https://www.instagram.com/phreesia.co)

PHREESIA News Page (https://www.phreesia.com/news/)

PHREESIA Life Sciences X Account (https://x.com/phreesialifesci)

PHREESIA Life Sciences Facebook Page (https://www.facebook.com/phreesialifesciences/)

PHREESIA Life Sciences LinkedIn Page (https://www.linkedin.com/company/phreesia-life-sciences/)

PHREESIA Life Sciences Page (https://lifesciences.phreesia.com)

INSIGNIA Health website (https://www.insigniahealth.com/)

MEDIFIND website (https://www.medifind.com/)

We encourage our investors and others to review the information we make public in these locations as such information could be deemed to be material information. Please note that this list may be updated from time to time.

The contents of any website or social media channel referred to in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are not intended to be incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K or in any other report or document we file with the SEC, and any references to our websites are intended to be inactive textual references only.

The market for our products and services is fragmented, competitive and characterized by rapidly evolving technology standards, evolving regulatory requirements, changes in client needs and the frequent introduction of new products and services, including as a result of artificial intelligence (“AI”) technologies. Our competitors range from smaller niche companies to large, well-financed and technologically-sophisticated entities, including the EHR and PM systems with which we integrate. As costs fall and technology improves, increased market saturation may change the competitive landscape in favor of competitors with greater scale than we currently possess.

In order to remain competitive, we are continually involved in a number of projects to compete with new market entrants by developing new services, expanding offerings to our existing client base, growing our client base, and penetrating new markets. These projects carry risks, such as cost overruns, delays in delivery, performance problems and lack of acceptance by our clients.

The success of our business and growth strategy depend upon our continued ability to maintain and expand a network of healthcare services clients, which also requires us to provide and develop new high-quality products and services that are helpful to our clients and used and positively received by patients. If we are unable to attract and retain healthcare services clients, including because we are unable to adapt to new industry standards in developing new products and services, it would have a material adverse effect on our business and ability to grow and would adversely affect our results of operations.

Additionally, if we do not maintain our current client network, or if we have to renegotiate existing contracts, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be harmed.

We believe demand for our products and services has been driven in large part by increasing patient responsibility, engagement and consumerism. Our ability to streamline the intake process and critical workflows in order to improve healthcare services organization, staff efficiency and patient engagement to allow for optimal allocation of resources will be critical to our business. Our success also depends on the ability of our solutions to increase patient engagement, and our ability to demonstrate the value of our solutions to healthcare services clients, patients and life sciences companies. If our existing clients do not recognize or acknowledge the benefits of our solutions or our solutions do not drive patient engagement, then the market for our products and services might develop more slowly than we expect, which could adversely affect our operating results.

In addition, as we and the EHR and PM solutions with which we integrate, grow and expand product offerings, the EHR and PM solutions with which we integrate could offer more competitive services or make it more cost prohibitive to do business with them. Some of these EHR and PM systems offer, or may begin to offer, services, including patient intake and engagement services, payment processing tools and direct patient communication services, in the same or similar manner as we do. Although there are many potential opportunities for, and applications of, these services, these EHR and PM systems may seek opportunities or target new clients in areas that may overlap with those that we have chosen to pursue. Such competition from these EHR and PM systems may adversely affect our business, market share and results from operations.

We compete on the basis of several factors. Some of our competitors have greater name recognition, longer operating histories and significantly greater resources than we do. As a result, our competitors may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than we can to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards or client requirements or provide faster implementations. As a result, even if our services are more effective than the products and services that our competitors offer, potential customers might select competitive products and services in lieu of purchasing our services. In addition, current and potential competitors have established, and may in the future establish, cooperative relationships with vendors of complementary products, technologies or services to increase the availability of their products to the marketplace. Accordingly, new competitors or providers of EHR and PM solutions may emerge that have greater market share, larger client bases, more widely adopted proprietary technologies, greater marketing expertise, greater financial resources and larger sales forces than we have, which could put us at a competitive disadvantage. We also may be subject to pricing pressures as a result of, among other things, competition within the industry, consolidation of healthcare industry participants, practices of managed care organizations, government action and financial stress experienced by our clients. If our pricing experiences significant downward pressure, our business will be less profitable and our results of operations will be adversely affected. We cannot be certain that we will be able to retain our current client base in this competitive environment. If we do not retain current clients or expand our client base, or if we have to renegotiate existing contracts, our business, financial condition and results of operations will be harmed. Moreover, we expect that competition will continue to increase as a result of consolidation in both the healthcare information technology and healthcare industries. If one or more of our competitors or potential competitors were to merge or partner with another of our competitors, the change in the competitive landscape could also adversely affect our ability to compete effectively and could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We have experienced significant growth in the past. Rapid expansion has historically placed, and may in the future place, strain on our business, operations and employees. We anticipate that our operations will continue to expand. As we continue to grow, both organically and through acquisitions, we must effectively integrate, develop, and manage an increasingly distributed employee base in a fully remote working environment. We may find it challenging to maintain the same level of employee productivity while executing our growth plan, fostering collaboration, and maintaining the beneficial aspects of our culture, and any such failures could negatively affect our future success, including our ability to attract and retain highly qualified employees and to achieve our business objectives. If we do not manage the demands of our growing operations effectively, our efficiency may decline, our operations could be disrupted, and we may not be able to meet our financial projections, which could adversely affect our business performance and stock price.

In addition, to manage our current and anticipated future growth effectively, we must continue to maintain and enhance our IT infrastructure, financial and accounting systems and controls and continue to build our qualified work force in key areas of our company. A key element of how we manage our growth is our ability to scale our capabilities and satisfactorily implement solutions for our clients’ needs.

Our healthcare services clients often require specific features or functions unique to their organizational structure, which, at a time of significant growth or during periods of high demand, may strain our implementation capacity and hinder our ability to successfully implement our solutions for our clients in a timely manner. If we are unable to address the needs of our healthcare services clients or our healthcare services clients are unsatisfied with the quality of our solutions or our services due to our inability to manage our rapid growth, they may not renew their contracts, seek to cancel or terminate their relationship with us or renew on less favorable terms, any of which could adversely affect our business.

Failure to effectively manage our growth could also lead us to over-invest or under-invest in development and operations, result in weaknesses in our infrastructure, systems or controls, give rise to operational mistakes, financial losses, loss of productivity or business opportunities and result in loss of employees and reduced productivity of remaining employees. If our management is unable to effectively manage our growth, our revenue may not increase (including sufficiently to offset our expenses) or may grow more slowly than expected, and we may be unable to implement our business strategy.

Our operating results are likely to fluctuate, and if we fail to meet or exceed the expectations of securities analysts or investors, the trading price of our common stock could decline. Moreover, our stock price may be based on expectations of our future performance that may be unrealistic or that may not be met. Some of the important factors that could cause our revenues and operating results to fluctuate from quarter to quarter include:

•the extent to which our products and services achieve or maintain market acceptance;

•our ability to introduce new products and services and enhancements to our existing products and services on a timely basis;

•new competitors and the introduction of enhanced products and services from new or existing competitors;

•the length of our contracting and implementation cycles;

•the financial condition of our current and potential clients;

•our ability to integrate our solutions with the systems utilized by our healthcare services clients, including but not limited to, EHR and PM systems;

•changes in client budgets and procurement policies;

•patients' desires to receive communications from Phreesia and/or our partners, the extent to which they opt-in to such communications, and our ability to deliver a consistent volume of such communications;

•amount and timing of our investment in research and development activities and other areas of our business;

•technical difficulties or interruptions in our services, like the one we experienced with ConnectOnCall in 2024;

•our ability to hire and retain qualified personnel, including the rate of expansion of our sales force;

•changes in the regulatory environment related to healthcare;

•regulatory compliance costs;

•the timing, size and integration success of recent and potential future acquisitions;

•unforeseen legal expenses, including litigation and settlement costs; and

•buying patterns of our clients and the related seasonality impacts on our business.

Many of these factors are not within our control, and the occurrence of one or more of them might cause our operating results to vary widely. As such, we believe that quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our revenues and operating results may not be meaningful and should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance.

A significant portion of our operating expense is relatively fixed in nature, and planned expenditures are based in part on expectations regarding future revenue. Accordingly, unexpected revenue shortfalls may decrease our margins and could cause significant changes in our operating results from quarter to quarter.

We collect, process and store significant amounts of sensitive, confidential and proprietary information, including personally identifiable information, such as payment data and protected health information, of patients received in connection with the utilization of our solutions. Attacks on information technology systems are increasing in their frequency, levels of persistence, sophistication and intensity, they are being conducted by increasingly sophisticated and organized groups and individuals with a wide range of motives and expertise, and they may remain undetected for an extended period of time. Like other companies in our industry, we, and our third party vendors, have experienced threats and cybersecurity incidents relating to our information technology systems and infrastructure.

For example, in 2024, we experienced a cybersecurity incident which impacted our ConnectOnCall product. Although we do not believe this, or any other cybersecurity incident, has had a material impact on our business to date, any interruption in our business or disclosure, loss, processing or other compromise of personal information or individually identifiable health information (violating certain privacy laws such as HIPAA) or confidential information, or event that jeopardizes the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of our solutions, could result in a material disruption to our solutions and our business operations, require us to expend significant resources and subject us to litigation, fines and penalties. In addition to extracting sensitive information, such attacks could include the deployment of harmful malware, ransomware, denial-of-service attacks, social engineering fraud (including phishing attacks), and other means to affect service reliability and threaten the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information. While we aim to maintain a robust security program for all of our products to protect such data, techniques used to gain unauthorized access to data and systems, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems, are constantly evolving, and may be the result of criminal groups, state sponsored or other malicious actors. We may be unable to anticipate such techniques or implement adequate preventative measures to avoid unauthorized access or other adverse impacts to such data or our systems.

In addition, some of our third-party service providers and partners, such as Change Healthcare and other clearinghouses, also collect and/or store our sensitive information and our clients' data on our behalf, and these service providers and partners have in the past, and may in the future be subject to similar threats of cyber-attacks and other malicious internet-based activities, which could also expose us to risk of loss, litigation, and potential liability. Even though we may have contractual protections with such vendors, contractors, or other organizations, notifications and follow-up actions related to a cybersecurity incident or data breach could impact our reputation, cause us to incur significant costs, including legal expenses, harm customer confidence, expose us to government enforcement action, hurt our expansion into new markets, cause us to incur remediation costs, or cause us to lose existing customers. The risk of state-supported and geopolitical-related cyber-attacks may increase in connection with political unrest or wars and any related political or economic responses and counter-responses. We may not discover all such cybersecurity incidents, data breaches, or other activity or be able to respond or otherwise address them promptly, in sufficient respects or at all.

We are subject to state laws requiring notification of affected individuals and state regulators in the event of a breach of personal information. Furthermore, certain health privacy laws, data breach notification laws, consumer protection laws and genetic testing laws may apply directly to our business and/or those of our collaborators and may impose restrictions on our collection, use and dissemination of individuals’ health information. Patients about whom we obtain health information, as well as the healthcare services clients who share this information with us, may have statutory or contractual rights that limit our ability to use and disclose the information. We may be required to expend significant capital and other resources to ensure ongoing compliance with applicable privacy and data security laws. Claims that we have violated individuals’ privacy rights, violated applicable privacy laws and regulations or breached our contractual obligations, even if we are not found liable, could be expensive and time-consuming to defend and could result in adverse publicity that could harm our business. Our contracts may not contain limitations of liability, and even where they do, there can be no assurance that limitations of liability in our contracts are sufficient to protect us from liabilities, damages, or claims related to our privacy and data security obligations. Further, although we maintain cyber liability insurance, this insurance may not provide adequate coverage against potential liabilities related to any experienced cybersecurity incident or breach.

Like all internet services, our service is vulnerable to software bugs, computer viruses, internet worms, break-ins, phishing attacks, attempts to overload servers with denial-of-service, wrongful or inadvertent conduct by insider employees or vendors, or other attacks or similar disruptions from unauthorized use of our and third-party computer systems, any of which could lead to system interruptions, delays, or shutdowns, causing loss of critical data or the unauthorized access of data. Though it is difficult to determine what, if any, harm may directly result from any specific interruption or attack, any failure to maintain performance, reliability, security and availability of our products, or failure to prevent software bugs, to the satisfaction of our clients or the health and safety of their patients, such events may harm our reputation and our ability to retain existing clients, and negatively affect our clients and their patients. We have in place systems and processes that are designed to protect our data, prevent data loss, disable undesirable accounts and activities on our platform and prevent or detect cybersecurity incidents or data breaches, however, we cannot assure you that such measures will provide absolute security.

Further, the security systems in place at our employees’ and service providers’ offices and homes may be less secure than those used in a corporate office, and while we have implemented technical and administrative safeguards to help protect our systems as our employees and service providers work from their offices, homes and other remote locations, we may be subject to increased cybersecurity risk, which could expose us to risks of data or financial loss, and could disrupt our business operations. There is no guarantee that the data security and privacy safeguards we have put in place will be completely effective or that we will not encounter risks associated with employees and service providers accessing company data and systems remotely.

If an actual or perceived cybersecurity incident or data breach occurs to our systems or a third-party’s systems, we also could be required to expend significant resources to mitigate the breach of security, pay any applicable fines and address matters related to any such breach, including notifying users or regulators, defend against claims related to the breach and address reputational harm.

We have a subsidiary in India that performs a number of functions that were previously performed by outside contractors. While we believe our Indian operations are advantageous to our business, they also create risks that we must effectively manage. Conducting business abroad subjects us to increased legal and regulatory compliance and oversight. A failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations could result in regulatory enforcement actions, as well as substantial civil and criminal penalties assessed against us and our employees. The management of our Indian operations has, and will continue to, require significant management attention and financial resources that could adversely affect our operating performance. Wages in India are increasing at a faster rate than those in many countries, including the United States. In addition, with the significant increase in the numbers of foreign businesses that have established operations in India, the competition to attract and retain employees there has increased significantly. As a result, we may be unable to cost-effectively retain our current employee base in India or hire additional new talent. In addition, India has experienced significant inflation, low growth in gross domestic product and shortages of foreign exchange. India also has experienced civil unrest and terrorism and, in the past, has been involved in conflicts with neighboring countries. The occurrence of any of these circumstances could result in disruptions to our India operations, which, if continued for an extended period of time, could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our operating expenses incurred outside the United States and denominated in foreign currencies will increase as we expand our operations in India. Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. If we are not able to successfully hedge against the risks associated with foreign currency fluctuations, our financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.

We devote significant resources to establish relationships with new clients and deepen relationships with existing clients. Our efforts involve educating our clients and patients about the use, technical capabilities and benefits of our products and services. We do not provide access to our solutions and do not charge fees during this initial sales period. For clients that decide to enter into a contract with us, most of these contracts may provide for a preliminary trial period where a subset of the client’s healthcare services locations is granted access to our solutions. Following any such trial period, we aim to increase the number of the client’s healthcare services locations that utilize our solutions. Accordingly, our operating results depend in substantial part on our ability to deliver a successful client and patient experience and persuade our clients and patients to grow their relationship with us over time. If we are unable to do so, we are unlikely to recover these costs and our operating results may suffer.

The sales cycle for our services can be variable, typically ranging from three to six months from initial contact to contract execution. During the sales cycle, we expend time and resources, and we do not recognize any revenue to offset such expenditures. Our implementation cycle is also variable, typically ranging from one to 24 months from contract execution to completion of implementation. The variability of our sales and implementation cycle is dependent on numerous factors, including the discretionary nature of potential clients' purchasing and budget decisions and the size and complexity of the applicable client. Some of our new client set-up projects are complex and require a considerable time commitment and significant implementation work, including educating prospective clients about the uses and benefits of our solutions. Each customer’s situation is different, and unanticipated difficulties and delays may arise as a result of failure by us or by the client to meet our respective implementation responsibilities. During the implementation cycle, we expend substantial time, effort and financial resources implementing our service, but accounting principles do not allow us to recognize the resulting revenue until the service has been implemented, at which time we begin recognition of subscription and related implementation revenue over the life of the contract. This could harm our future operating results. If implementation periods are extended, our revenue cycle will be delayed and our financial condition may be adversely affected.

In addition, cancellation of any implementation after it has begun may involve loss to us of time, effort and expenses invested in the cancelled implementation process and lost opportunity for implementing paying clients in that same period of time.

These factors may contribute to substantial fluctuations in our quarterly operating results, particularly in the near term and during any period in which our sales volume is relatively low. As a result, in future quarters our operating results could fall below the expectations of securities analysts or investors, in which event our stock price would likely decrease.

We enter into agreements with our healthcare services clients, under which a significant portion of our fees are variable, including fees which are dependent upon the number of add-on features subscribed for by our clients and the number of patients utilizing our payment processing tools. If there is a general reduction in spending by healthcare services organizations on healthcare technology solutions, it may result in a reduction in fees generated from our healthcare services clients or a reduction in the number of add-on features subscribed for by our healthcare services clients. This could lead to a decrease in our revenue, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, the number of patients utilizing our payment processing tools, and the amounts those patients pay directly to our healthcare services clients for services, is often impacted by factors outside of our control. Accordingly, revenue under these agreements can be uncertain and unpredictable. If the number of patients utilizing our payment systems, or the aggregate amounts paid by such patients directly to our healthcare services clients through our solutions, were to be reduced by a material amount, such decrease would lead to a decrease in our revenue, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We also generate Network solutions revenue through fees charged to our life sciences and other clients by delivering direct communications to help activate, engage and educate patients who provide consent for the delivery of such communications about topics critical to their health. The growth of our revenue stream from life sciences and other clients is driven, in part, by our ability to grow our network of healthcare services clients and available population of patients to engage, the desirability of optional communications to patients, the number of newly approved drugs, the success of newly launched drugs, and the continued success of certain types of drugs, each of which is impacted by factors outside of our control. If there is a reduction in newly approved drugs, newly launched drugs are not successful, or certain drugs’ popularity decreases, this could negatively affect the ability of our life sciences clients to deliver relevant messages to patients who would have otherwise been candidates to receive such drugs. A reduction in the available population of patients to engage or a lack of relevant content could lead to a decrease in our Network solutions revenue, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We depend on our existing clients’ satisfaction with our products and services. We expect to derive a significant portion of our revenue from renewal of existing clients’ contracts and sales of additional applications and services to existing clients. As part of our growth strategy, we have focused on expanding our services amongst current clients. As a result, achieving a high client retention rate and selling additional applications and services to existing clients are critical to our future business, revenue growth and results of operations. We also believe that maintaining and enhancing our reputation and brand recognition is critical to our relationships with existing clients and the patients that they serve and to our ability to attract new clients. The promotion of our brand may require us to make substantial investments, and we anticipate that, as our market becomes increasingly competitive, these marketing initiatives may become increasingly difficult and expensive. In addition, the loss or dissatisfaction of any client could substantially harm our brand and reputation, inhibit widespread adoption of our solutions and impair our ability to attract new clients.

Factors that may affect our client satisfaction and our ability to sell additional applications and services include, but are not limited to, the following:

•the price, performance and functionality of our solutions;

•patient acceptance and adoption of services and utilization of our payment processing tools;

•the availability, price, performance and functionality of competing solutions;

•our ability to develop and sell complimentary applications and services;

•the stability, performance and security of our hosting infrastructure and hosting services;

•changes in healthcare laws, regulations or trends;

•the business environment of our clients including healthcare staffing shortages and headcount reductions by our clients; and

•our ability to maintain and enhance our reputation and brand recognition.

We typically enter into annual contracts with our clients, which have a stated initial term of one year and automatically renew for one-year subsequent terms. Our clients have no obligation to renew their subscriptions for our solutions after the initial term expires. In addition, our clients may negotiate terms less advantageous to us upon renewal, which may reduce our revenue from these clients and may decrease our annual revenue. If our clients fail to renew their contracts, renew their contracts upon less favorable terms or at lower fee levels or fail to purchase new products and services from us, our revenue may decline or our future revenue growth may be constrained. Should any of our clients terminate their relationship with us after implementation has begun, we would not only lose our time, effort and resources invested in that implementation, but we would also have lost the opportunity to leverage those resources to build a relationship with other clients over that same period of time.

Market estimates and growth forecasts that we disclose are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates that may not prove to be accurate. The estimates and forecasts relating to the size and expected growth of the markets for our services may prove to be inaccurate. These estimates and forecasts may be impacted by economic uncertainty that is outside our control, including international conflicts that may impact international trade and global economic performance and other macroeconomic trends, such as international and domestic supply chain risks, inflationary pressure, interest rate increases and declines in consumer confidence that impact our customers.

The principal assumptions relating to our market opportunity include the number of healthcare services organizations currently taking appointments, the amount of annual out of pocket consumer spend for healthcare-related services, and the amount of annual spend by life sciences companies and other organizations on direct communications with patients at the point of care. Our market opportunity is also based on the assumption that the strategic approach that Phreesia enables for our potential clients will be more attractive in creating efficiencies in patient care than competing solutions. If these assumptions prove inaccurate, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Our clients utilize a variety of data formats, applications and infrastructure and we must support our clients’ data formats. Furthermore, the healthcare industry has shifted towards digitalized record keeping, and accordingly, many of our healthcare services clients have developed their own software, or utilize third-party software, for practice management and secure storage of electronic medical records. Our ability to develop and maintain logic-based and scalable technology for patient intake management and engagement and payment processing that successfully integrates with our clients’ software systems for practice management and storage of electronic medical records is critical. If we do not currently support a client’s required data format or appropriately integrate with clients’ systems, then we must configure our solutions to do so, which could increase our expenses. Additionally, we do not control our clients’ implementation schedules. As a result, if our clients do not allocate the internal resources necessary to meet their implementation responsibilities or if we face unanticipated implementation difficulties, the implementation may be delayed. If the client implementation process is not executed successfully or if execution is delayed, we could incur significant costs, clients could become dissatisfied and decide not to increase utilization of our services or not to implement our solutions beyond an initial period prior to their term commitment or, in some cases, revenue recognition could be delayed. In addition, competitors with more efficient operating models with lower implementation costs could jeopardize our client relationships.

Our clients and patients depend on our support services to resolve any technical issues relating to our solutions and our services, and we may be unable to respond quickly enough to accommodate short-term increases in demand for support services, particularly as we increase the size of our client bases (including healthcare services clients and the number of patients that they serve). In addition, we may experience unexpected service interruptions due to cyber-attacks or other cybersecurity incidents or data breaches, such as one that affected our ConnectOnCall product in 2024. In such cases, we may be unable to restore service in a timely manner, if at all. We also may be unable to modify the format of our support services to compete with changes in support services provided by competitors.

It is difficult to predict client and patient demand for technical support services, and if client or patient demand increases significantly, we may be unable to provide satisfactory support services to our clients. Further, if we are unable to address the needs of our clients and their patients in a timely fashion or further develop and enhance our solutions, or if a client or patient is not satisfied with the quality of work performed by us or with the technical support services rendered, then we could incur additional costs to address the situation or be required to issue credits or refunds for amounts related to unused services, and our profitability may be impaired and clients’ or patients’ dissatisfaction with our solutions could damage our ability to expand the number of applications and services purchased by such clients. These clients may not renew their contracts, seek to terminate their relationships with us or renew on less favorable terms. Moreover, negative publicity related to our client and patient relationships, or regarding patient confidentiality and privacy in the context of technology-enabled healthcare, regardless of its accuracy, may further damage our business by affecting our reputation or ability to compete for new business with current and prospective clients. If any of these were to occur, our revenue may decline and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Historically, we have relied on a limited number of clients for a substantial portion of our total revenue and accounts receivable. The sudden loss of any of our larger clients, or the renegotiation of any of their contracts on less favorable terms, could adversely affect our operating results. Because we rely on a limited number of clients for a significant portion of our revenues, we depend on the creditworthiness of these clients. If the financial condition of our larger clients declines, our credit risk could increase. Should one or more of our significant clients declare bankruptcy, it could adversely affect the collectability of our accounts receivable and affect our bad debt reserves and net income.

We have incurred significant operating losses since our inception. For the years ended January 31, 2025 and January 31, 2024, we had net losses of $58.5 million and $136.9 million, respectively, and losses from operations of $58.1 million and $136.5 million, respectively. Our operating expenses may increase in the foreseeable future as we continue to invest to grow our business and build relationships with our clients and partners, develop new solutions and operate as a public company. In addition, to the extent we are successful in increasing our client base, we could incur increased losses because significant costs associated with entering into client agreements are generally incurred up front, while revenue is generally recognized ratably over the term of the agreement. As a result, we may need to raise additional capital through equity and debt financings in order to fund our operations, which may not be available to us on favorable terms or at all. If we are unable to effectively manage these risks and difficulties as we encounter them or effectively access the capital markets, our business, financial condition and results of operations may suffer.

Our success depends, in part, on the skills, working relationships and continued services of our founders, Chaim Indig (Chief Executive Officer) and Evan Roberts (Chief Operating Officer), and our senior management team and other key personnel. From time to time, there may be changes in our senior management team resulting from the hiring or departure of executives, which could disrupt our business.

In addition, we must attract, train and retain a significant number of highly skilled employees in the U.S., India and Canada, including sales and marketing personnel, client support personnel, professional services personnel, software engineers, technical personnel and management personnel, and the availability of such personnel, in particular software engineers, may be constrained. We also believe that our future growth will depend on the continued development of our direct sales force and its ability to obtain new clients and to manage our existing client base. If we are unable to hire and develop sufficient numbers of productive direct sales personnel or if new direct sales personnel are unable to achieve desired productivity levels in a reasonable period of time, sales of our services will suffer and our growth will be impeded.

Competition for qualified management and employees in our industry is intense, and identifying and recruiting qualified personnel and training them requires significant time, expense and attention. Many of the companies with which we compete for personnel have greater financial and other resources than we do. Our North American employees are employed on a contract-employment basis or are “at-will” employees, and, in most cases, their employment can be terminated by us or them at any time, for any reason and without notice, subject, in certain cases, to severance payment rights. The departure and replacement of one or more of our executive officers or other key employees would likely involve significant time and costs, may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our business objectives and could materially harm our business.

In addition, volatility or lack of performance in our stock price may affect our ability to attract replacements should key personnel depart.

We have in the past acquired, and we may continue to acquire or invest in, businesses, products or technologies that we believe could complement or expand our products and services, enhance our market coverage or technical capabilities or otherwise offer growth opportunities. This may include acquiring or investing in companies, businesses, products or technologies that are tangential to our current business and/or in which we have limited or no prior operating experience.

There are inherent risks in integrating and managing acquisitions, and the pursuit of potential acquisitions may divert the attention of management and cause us to incur various expenses related to identifying, investigating and pursuing suitable acquisitions, whether or not they are consummated. We cannot assure you that we will realize the anticipated benefits of these or any future acquisitions. We also may not achieve the anticipated benefits from an acquired business due to a number of factors, including, without limitation:

•difficulty integrating the purchased operations, products or technologies and maintaining the quality and security standards consistent with our brand;

•the need to integrate or implement additional controls, procedures and policies;

•privacy concerns, cyber-attacks, data breaches or cybersecurity incidents relating to the acquired businesses, such as the security incident we experienced with ConnectOnCall in 2024;

•our inability to comply with the regulatory requirements applicable to the acquired business;

•assimilation of the acquired businesses, which may divert significant management attention and financial resources from our other operations and could disrupt our ongoing business;

•the use of substantial portions of our available cash, issuance of our equity securities or incurrence of debt to consummate the acquisition;

•the loss of key employees, particularly those of the acquired operations; difficulty retaining or developing the acquired business’ customers;

•adverse effects on our existing business relationships;

•failure to realize the potential cost savings or other financial benefits or the strategic benefits of the acquisitions, including failure to consummate any proposed or contemplated transaction; and

•liabilities from the acquired businesses for infringement of intellectual property rights or other claims and failure to obtain indemnification for such liabilities or claims.

Acquisitions also increase the risk of unforeseen legal liability, including for potential violations of applicable law or industry rules and regulations, arising from prior or ongoing acts or omissions by the acquired businesses which are not discovered by due diligence during the acquisition process. Acquisitions could also result in dilutive issuances of equity securities or the incurrence of debt, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition. Even if we are successful in completing and integrating an acquired business, it may not perform as we expect or enhance the value of our business as a whole.

We believe there are significant seasonal factors that may cause us to record higher revenue in some quarters compared with others. We believe this variability is largely due to our focus on the healthcare industry. For example, with respect to our healthcare services clients, we receive a disproportionate increase in payment processing revenue from such clients during the first two to three months of the calendar year relative to the other months of the year, which is driven, in part, by the resetting of patient deductibles at the beginning of each calendar year. Sales for our life sciences solutions are also seasonal, primarily due to the annual spending patterns of our clients. This portion of our sales is usually the highest in the fourth quarter of each calendar year. While we believe we have visibility into the seasonality of our business, our rapid growth rate over the last several years may have made seasonal fluctuations more difficult to detect. If our rate of growth slows over time, seasonal or cyclical variations in our operations may become more pronounced, and our business, results of operations and financial position may be adversely affected.

Broad-based business or economic disruptions or global health concerns could materially and adversely impact our business and results of operations due to, among other factors:

•a general decline in business activity;

•a potentially disproportionate impact on the healthcare services clients with whom we contract;

•disruptions to our supply chains and our third-party vendors, partners, and suppliers;

•difficulty accessing the capital and credit markets on favorable terms, or at all, and a severe disruption and instability in the global financial markets, or deteriorations in credit and financing conditions that could affect our access to capital necessary to fund business operations or address maturing liabilities on a timely basis; and

•social, economic, and labor instability in the countries in which we or the third parties with whom we engage operate.

In addition, macroeconomic challenges (including changes in inflation and interest rates) and a tight labor market have adversely affected, and may continue to adversely affect, workforces, organizations, governments, clients, economies, and financial markets globally and have disrupted the normal operations of many businesses, including our business, making it potentially very difficult for our clients and us to accurately forecast and plan future business activities. These factors have and could further decrease healthcare industry spending, adversely affect demand for our products and services, impair the ability of our clients to pay for the products and services they have already purchased from us, cause one or more of our clients to file for bankruptcy protection or go out of business, cause one or more of our clients to fail to renew, terminate, or renegotiate their contracts, impact expected spending from new clients, negatively impact collections of accounts receivable, and harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

As a public company, we are required to maintain internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the "Sarbanes-Oxley Act") requires that we evaluate and determine the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and provide a management report on the internal control over financial reporting. Our testing, or the subsequent testing by our independent public accounting firm, may reveal deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses. If we are not able to comply with the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner, or if we or our accounting firm identify deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses, the market price of our stock would likely decline and we could be subject to lawsuits, sanctions or investigations by regulatory authorities, including SEC enforcement actions, and we could be required to restate our financial results, any of which would require additional financial and management resources.

If material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting are discovered or occur in the future, our consolidated financial statements may contain material misstatements and we could be required to restate our financial results, which could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition, restrict our ability to access the capital markets, require us to expend significant resources to correct the material weakness, subject us to fines, penalties or judgments, harm our reputation or otherwise cause a decline in investor confidence.

We continue to invest in more robust technology and resources to manage our reporting requirements. Implementing the appropriate changes to our internal controls may distract our officers and employees, result in substantial costs and require significant time to complete. Any difficulties or delays in implementing these controls could impact our ability to timely report our financial results. For these reasons, we may encounter difficulties in the timely and accurate reporting of our financial results, which would impact our ability to provide our investors with information in a timely manner. As a result, our investors could lose confidence in our reported financial information, and our stock price could decline. In addition, any such changes do not guarantee that we will be effective in maintaining the adequacy of our internal controls, and any failure to maintain that adequacy could prevent us from accurately reporting our financial results.

From time to time, we are or may become involved in claims, lawsuits (whether class actions or individual lawsuits), arbitration proceedings, governmental investigations, and other legal or regulatory proceedings involving commercial, corporate and securities matters; privacy, marketing and communications practices; labor and employment matters; alleged infringement of third-party patents and other intellectual property rights; and other matters. The results of any such claims, lawsuits, arbitration proceedings, government investigations, or other legal or regulatory proceedings cannot be predicted with any degree of certainty. Any claims against us, whether meritorious or not, could be time-consuming, result in costly litigation, require significant management attention, and divert significant resources. Determining reserves for our pending litigation is a complex and fact-intensive process that requires significant subjective judgment and speculation. It is possible that a resolution of one or more such proceedings could result in substantial damages, settlement costs, fines, and penalties. These proceedings could also result in harm to our reputation and brand, sanctions, consent decrees, injunctions, or other orders requiring a change in our business practices. Any of these consequences could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Further, under certain circumstances, we have contractual and other legal obligations to indemnify and to incur legal expenses on behalf of our business, customers, and commercial partners and current and former directors and officers. In addition, certain litigation or the resolution of certain litigation may affect the availability or cost of some of our insurance coverage, which could adversely impact our results of operations and cash flows, expose us to increased risks that would be uninsured, and adversely impact our ability to attract directors and officers. Notwithstanding the terms of our agreements with our customers, it is possible that one or more of our customers could breach their obligations, which in the aggregate, could adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations. For example, if a customer defaults on its obligations under a customer agreement or terminates a customer agreement prior to the contractual termination date, we may be required to assert a claim to acquire the amount in full due under the customer agreement, which we may choose not to pursue. However, if we choose to pursue any such claim, we may incur substantial costs to resolve claims or enter into litigation or arbitration, and even if we were to prevail in the event of claims, litigation or arbitration, such claims, litigation, or arbitration could be costly and time-consuming and divert the attention of our management and other employees from our business operations.

Being a fully remote company subjects us to unique operational risks. For example, technologies in our employees’ homes may not be as robust as in a corporate office and could cause the networks, information systems, applications, and other tools available to employees and service providers to be more limited or less reliable than in a corporate office. Further, the security systems in place at our employees’ homes may be less secure than those used in a corporate office, and while we have implemented technical and administrative safeguards to help protect our systems as our employees and service providers work from home, we may be subject to increased cybersecurity risk, which could expose us to risks of data or financial loss and could disrupt our business operations. There is no guarantee that the data security and privacy safeguards we have put in place will be completely effective or that we will not encounter risks associated with employees accessing company data and systems remotely. In addition, operating remotely may negatively impact our corporate culture, including employee engagement and productivity.

Our payments platform is a core element of our business. For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2025, our payments platform generated 24% of our total revenue. Our future success depends in part on the continued growth and development of our payments platform. If such activities are limited, restricted, curtailed or degraded in any way, or if we fail to continue to grow and develop our payments platform, our business may be materially and adversely affected. The utilization of our payment processing tools may be impacted by factors outside of our control, such as changes in laws governing medical bill payments or disruptions in the payment processing industry generally. If the number of patients utilizing our payments platform, the aggregate amounts paid by such patients directly to our healthcare services clients through our payments platform, or the credit card interchange fees we receive from such payments were to be reduced as a result of disruptions in the payment processing industry, laws discouraging the use of credit card payments for medical services or other factors, it could result in a decrease to our revenue. In addition, some potential or existing clients may not desire to use our payment processing services or to switch from their existing payment processing vendors for a variety of reasons, such as transition costs, business disruption, and loss of accustomed functionality. There can be no assurance that our efforts to overcome these factors will be successful, and this resistance may adversely affect our growth.

The attractiveness of our payment processing services may also depend on our ability to integrate emerging payment technologies, including crypto-currencies, other emerging or alternative payment methods, and credit card systems that we or our processing partners may not adequately support or for which we or they do not provide adequate processing rates. In the event such methods become popular among consumers, any failure to timely integrate emerging payment methods into our software, anticipate client behavior changes, or contract with payment processing partners that support such emerging payment technologies could reduce the attractiveness of our payment processing services, potentially resulting in a corresponding loss of revenue.

From time to time, card networks, including Visa, MasterCard, American Express and Discover, increase the fees that they charge acquirers, which would be passed down to processors, payment facilitators and merchants. We could attempt to pass these increases along to our clients, but this strategy might result in the loss of clients to competitors who do not pass along the increases. If competitive practices prevent us from passing along the higher fees to our clients in the future, we may have to absorb all or a portion of such increases, which may increase our operating costs and reduce our earnings.

We provide a payments solution for the secure processing of patient payments. Our payment processing tools can connect to multiple clearinghouses and can also connect directly with patients. We have developed partnerships with primary credit card processors in the United States to facilitate payment processing, and we are registered with Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Discover and other card networks as a service provider (payment facilitator or the equivalent) for acquiring member institutions. These card networks set the operating rules and standards with which we must comply. The termination of our status as a certified service provider, a decision by the card networks to disallow payment facilitators or bar us from serving as such, or any changes in network rules or standards, including interpretation and implementation of the operating rules or standards, that increase the cost of doing business or limit our ability to provide transaction processing services to our clients or partners, could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We and our clients are subject to card network rules that could subject us or our clients to a variety of fines or penalties that may be levied by card networks for certain acts or omissions by us or our clients. If a client or sales partner fails to comply with the applicable requirements of card networks, we could be subject to a variety of fines or penalties that may be levied by card networks. We may have to bear the cost of such fines or penalties if we cannot collect them from the applicable client or sales partner, resulting in lower earnings or losses for us. Our violation of the network rules may result in the termination or suspension of our registration with the affected network. The termination of our registration, including a card network barring us from acting as a payment facilitator, or any changes in card network rules that would impair our registration, could require us to stop providing payment processing services relating to the affected card network, which would adversely affect our ability to conduct our business.

In addition, the rules of card networks are set by their boards, which may be influenced by card issuers. Many banks directly or indirectly sell processing services to clients in competition with us. These banks could attempt, by virtue of their influence on the networks, to alter the networks’ rules or policies to the detriment of non-members, including us.

We pay interchange fees to the card networks or the card issuers for each transaction we process. The card networks may increase, from time to time, the fees that they charge members or service providers. Although we may attempt to pass these increases along to our clients, this may result in the loss of clients to our competitors that do not pass along the increases. A provision of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the "Dodd-Frank Act") known as the Durbin Amendment empowered the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System ("FRS"), to establish and regulate a cap on the interchange fees that issuers (e.g. banks) may charge or receive for electronic clearing of debit card transactions. The original regulations implementing the Durbin Amendment established standards for assessing whether debit card interchange fees received by debit card issuers were reasonable and proportional to the costs incurred by issuers for electronic debit transactions, and it established a maximum permissible interchange fee that an issuer may receive for an electronic debit transaction, limiting the fee revenue to debit card issuers and payment processors.

If the maximum permissible interchange fee for debit cards, credit cards, or other payment cards is changed or the exempt status of HSA-linked payment cards from such maximum interchange rate caps is lost as a result of amendment to Regulation II by the FRS or any other new rulemaking, legislation, or private litigation challenge, our revenue and profit from payment card transactions processed through our payments platform could decrease, and there could be a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our business depends on proprietary technology and content, including software, databases, confidential information and know-how, the protection of which is crucial to the success of our business. We rely on a combination of trademark, trade-secret and copyright laws, confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions to protect our intellectual property rights in our proprietary technology, content and brand. We may, over time, increase our investment in protecting our intellectual property through additional trademark, patent and other intellectual property filings that could be expensive and time-consuming. Effective trademark, trade-secret and copyright protection is expensive to develop and maintain, both in terms of initial and ongoing registration requirements and the costs of defending our rights. These measures, however, may not be sufficient to offer us meaningful protection. If we are unable to protect our intellectual property and other proprietary rights, our brand, competitive position and business could be harmed, as third parties may be able to dilute our brand or commercialize and use technologies and software products that are substantially the same as ours without incurring the development and licensing costs that we have incurred. Any of our owned or licensed intellectual property rights could be challenged, invalidated, circumvented, infringed or misappropriated, our trade secrets and other confidential information could be disclosed in an unauthorized manner to third parties, or our intellectual property rights may not be sufficient to permit us to take advantage of current market trends or otherwise provide us with competitive advantages, which could result in costly redesign efforts, discontinuance of certain offerings or other competitive harm.

Monitoring unauthorized use of our intellectual property is difficult and costly. From time to time, we seek to analyze our competitors’ products and services, and may in the future seek to enforce our rights against potential infringement. However, the steps we have taken to protect our proprietary rights may not be adequate to prevent infringement or misappropriation of our intellectual property. We may not be able to detect unauthorized use of, or take appropriate steps to enforce, our intellectual property rights. Any inability to meaningfully protect our intellectual property rights could result in harm to our brand or our ability to compete and reduce demand for our technology and products. Moreover, our failure to develop and properly manage new intellectual property could adversely affect our market positions and business opportunities. Also, some of our products and services rely on technologies and software developed by or licensed from third parties. Any disruption or disturbance in such third-party products or services, which we have experienced in the past, could interrupt the operation of our solutions. We may not be able to maintain our relationships with such third parties or enter into similar relationships in the future on reasonable terms or at all.

We may also be required to protect our proprietary technology and content in an increasing number of jurisdictions, a process that is expensive and may not be successful, or which we may not pursue in every location. In addition, effective intellectual property protection may not be available to us in every country, and the laws of some foreign countries may not be as protective of intellectual property rights as those in the United States. Additional uncertainty may result from changes to intellectual property legislation enacted in the United States and elsewhere, and from interpretations of intellectual property laws by applicable courts and agencies. Accordingly, despite our efforts, we may be unable to obtain and maintain the intellectual property rights necessary to provide us with a competitive advantage. Our failure to obtain, maintain and enforce our intellectual property rights could therefore have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We integrate into our proprietary applications and use third-party software to maintain and enhance, among other things, content generation and delivery, and to support our technology infrastructure. Some of this software is proprietary and some is open source software. Our use of third-party technologies and open source software exposes us to increased risks, including, but not limited to, risks associated with the integration of new technology into our solutions, the diversion of our resources from development of our own proprietary technology and our inability to generate revenue from licensed technology sufficient to offset associated acquisition and maintenance costs. These technologies may not be available to us in the future on commercially reasonable terms or at all and could be difficult to replace once integrated into our own proprietary applications. Most of these licenses can be renewed only by mutual consent and may be terminated if we breach the terms of the license and fail to cure the breach within a specified period of time.

Our inability to obtain, maintain or comply with any of these licenses could delay development until equivalent technology can be identified, licensed and integrated, which would harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Most of our third-party licenses are non-exclusive and our competitors may obtain the right to use any of the technology covered by these licenses to compete directly with us. If our data suppliers choose to discontinue support of the licensed technology in the future, we might not be able to modify or adapt our own solutions.

Our commercial success depends on our ability to develop and commercialize our services and use our proprietary technology without infringing the intellectual property or proprietary rights of third parties. Intellectual property disputes can be costly to defend and may cause our business, operating results and financial condition to suffer. As the market for healthcare in the United States expands and more patents are issued, the risk increases that there may be patents issued to third parties that relate to our products and technology of which we are not aware or that we must challenge to continue our operations as currently contemplated. Whether merited or not, we may face allegations that we, our partners, our licensees or parties indemnified by us have infringed or otherwise violated the patents, trademarks, copyrights or other intellectual property rights of third parties. Such claims may be made by competitors seeking to obtain a competitive advantage or by other parties. Additionally, in recent years, individuals and groups have begun purchasing intellectual property assets for the purpose of making claims of infringement and attempting to extract settlements from companies like ours. We may also face allegations that our employees have misappropriated the intellectual property or proprietary rights of their former employers or other third parties. It may be necessary for us to initiate litigation to defend ourselves in order to determine the scope, enforceability and validity of third-party intellectual property or proprietary rights, or to establish our respective rights. Regardless of whether claims that we are infringing patents or other intellectual property rights have merit, such claims can be time-consuming, divert management’s attention and financial resources and can be costly to evaluate and defend. Results of any such litigation are difficult to predict and may require us to stop commercializing or using our products or technology, obtain licenses, modify our services and technology while we develop non-infringing substitutes or incur substantial damages, settlement costs or face a temporary or permanent injunction prohibiting us from marketing or providing the affected products and services. If we require a third-party license, it may not be available on reasonable terms or at all, and we may have to pay substantial royalties, upfront fees or grant cross-licenses to intellectual property rights for our products and services. We may also have to redesign our products or services so they do not infringe third-party intellectual property rights, which may not be possible or may require substantial monetary expenditures and time, during which our technology and products may not be available for commercialization or use. Even if we have an agreement to indemnify us against such costs, the indemnifying party may be unable to uphold its contractual obligations. If we cannot or do not obtain a third-party license to the infringed technology, license the technology on reasonable terms or obtain similar technology from another source, our revenue and earnings could be adversely impacted.

From time to time, we may be subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business with respect to intellectual property. We are not currently subject to any claims from third parties asserting infringement of their intellectual property rights. Some third parties may be able to sustain the costs of complex litigation more effectively than we can because they have substantially greater resources. Even if resolved in our favor, litigation or other legal proceedings relating to intellectual property claims may cause us to incur significant expenses and could distract our technical and management personnel from their normal responsibilities. In addition, there could be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions or other interim proceedings or developments, and if securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, it could have a material adverse effect on the price of our common stock. Moreover, any uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of any legal proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our ability to raise the funds necessary to continue our operations. Assertions by third parties that we violate their intellectual property rights could therefore have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our business depends on the continuing operation of our technology infrastructure and systems. Proprietary software development is time-consuming, expensive and complex, and may involve unforeseen difficulties. We may encounter technical obstacles in enhancing our existing software and developing new software, and it is possible that we may discover additional problems that prevent our proprietary applications from operating properly.

In addition, any damage to or failure of our existing systems, or the systems of our third-party providers, could result in interruptions in our ability to deliver our products and services. Interruptions in our service, such as one that affected our ConnectOnCall product in 2024, have in the past and could in the future reduce our revenue and profits, and our reputation could be damaged if people believe our systems are unreliable.

Our systems and operations, and those of our third-party providers, are vulnerable to damage or interruption from natural disasters or man-made problems, such as earthquakes, floods, fires, political unrest, acts of terrorism, armed conflict or war (such as the current Russian invasion of Ukraine and the conflict in the Middle East), power loss, break-ins, hardware or software failures, telecommunications failures, computer viruses, cyber-attacks or other attempts to harm our systems and similar events. Any unscheduled interruption in our service would result in an immediate loss of revenue. Frequent or persistent system failures that result in the unavailability of our solutions or slower response times could reduce our clients’ ability to access our solutions, impair our delivery of our products and services and harm the perception of our solutions as reliable, trustworthy and consistent. Our insurance policies provide only limited coverage for service interruptions and may not adequately compensate us for any losses that may occur due to any failures or interruptions in our systems.

Our software, content and services are used to assist medical groups, health systems and other organizations with managing the patient intake process and to empower patients and healthcare organizations as they navigate the challenges of an evolving healthcare system. If our software, content or services fail to provide accurate and timely information or are associated with errors or malfunctions, then healthcare services clients or patients could assert claims against us that could result in substantial costs to us, harm our reputation in the industry and cause demand for our services to decline.

Our proprietary service is utilized in patient intake and engagement and to help healthcare services organizations better understand patients through medical histories, insurance benefits and socio-economic indicators. If our service fails to provide accurate and timely information, or if our content or any other element of our service is associated with errors or malfunctions, we could have liability to healthcare services clients or patients. We attempt to limit by contract our liability for damages and to require that our clients assume responsibility for medical care and approve key system rules, protocols and data. Despite these precautions, the allocations of responsibility and limitations of liability set forth in our contracts may not be enforceable, may not be binding upon patients or may not otherwise protect us from liability for damages.

Our proprietary software may contain errors or failures that are not detected until after the software is introduced or updates and new versions are released. It is challenging for us to test our software for all potential problems because it is difficult to simulate the wide variety of computing environments or methodologies that our clients may deploy or rely upon. From time to time we have discovered defects or errors in our software, and such defects or errors can be expected to appear in the future. Defects and errors that are not timely detected and remedied could expose us to risk of liability to healthcare services clients and patients and cause delays in introduction of new services, result in increased costs and diversion of development resources, require design modifications or decrease market acceptance or client satisfaction with our services. If any of these risks occur, they could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We collect, store and display data, including patient health information, for use by healthcare services clients in handling patient intake and engagement. Our clients, their patients, or third parties provide us with most of this data. If this data is incorrect or incomplete, or if we make mistakes in the capture or input of this data, adverse consequences may occur and give rise to product liability and other claims against us. In addition, a court or government agency may take the position that our storage and display of health information exposes us to liability arising out of our intake, storage and display of erroneous health information. While we maintain insurance coverage, we cannot be certain that this coverage will prove to be adequate or will continue to be available on acceptable terms, if at all. Even unsuccessful claims could result in substantial costs and diversion of management resources.

A claim brought against us that is uninsured or under-insured could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may use open source software in connection with our products and services. Companies that incorporate open source software into their products have, from time to time, faced claims challenging the use of open source software and/or compliance with open source license terms. As a result, we could be subject to suits by parties claiming ownership of what we believe to be open source software or claiming noncompliance with open source licensing terms. Some open source software licenses require users who distribute software containing open source software to publicly disclose all or part of the source code to such software and/or make available any derivative works of the open source code, which could include valuable proprietary code of the user, on unfavorable terms or at no cost. While we monitor the use of open source software and try to ensure that none is used in a manner that would require us to disclose our proprietary source code or that would otherwise breach the terms of an open source agreement, such use could inadvertently occur, in part because open source license terms are often ambiguous. Any requirement to disclose our proprietary source code or pay damages for breach of contract could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and could help our competitors develop products and services that are similar to or better than ours.

Numerous complex federal and state laws and regulations govern the collection, use, disclosure, storage and transmission of personally identifiable information, including protected health information. State laws may be even more restrictive and not preempted by HIPAA, and may be subject to varying interpretations by the courts and government agencies. These laws and regulations, including their interpretation by governmental agencies, are subject to frequent change and could have a negative impact on our business. Further, these varying interpretations could create complex compliance issues for us and our partners and potentially expose us to additional expense, liability, penalties, negatively impact our client relationships, and lead to adverse publicity, and all of these risks could adversely affect our business in the short and long term. In addition, contractual obligations and in the future, legislation may limit, forbid or regulate the use or transmission of health information outside of the United States or across other national borders. These developments, if adopted, could render our use of Indian employees and other non-U.S. resources for work related to such data impracticable or substantially more expensive.

We are a “Business Associate” as defined under HIPAA. The HHS Office for Civil Rights may impose civil penalties on a Business Associate for a failure to comply with HIPAA requirements. The U.S. Department of Justice is responsible for criminal prosecutions under HIPAA. Penalties can vary significantly depending on a number of factors, such as whether the Business Associate’s failure to comply was due to willful neglect. State attorneys general also have the right to prosecute HIPAA violations in their states. While HIPAA does not create a private right of action that would allow individuals to sue in civil court, its standards have been used as the basis for the duty of care in state civil suits, such as those for recklessness in misusing individuals’ health information. If we are subject to investigation or litigation related to an alleged violation of HIPAA, then we may elect to resolve the matter through a settlement. Such settlement could require payment of a civil penalty or damages, corrective action and/or monitoring of our business by a third party.

The security measures that we and our third-party vendors and subcontractors have in place to ensure compliance with privacy and data protection laws are not guarantees that we and our subcontractors will not be the victims of cyber-attacks, acts of vandalism or theft, computer viruses, misplaced or lost data, malfeasance, programming and human errors or other similar events. Under the HITECH Act, as a Business Associate we may also be liable for privacy and security breaches and failures of our subcontractors. Even though we provide for appropriate protections through our agreements with our subcontractors, we still have limited control over their actions and practices. A breach of privacy or security of individually identifiable health information by a subcontractor may result in an enforcement action, including criminal and civil liability, against us. We are not able to predict the extent of the impact such incidents may have on our business. Enforcement actions against us could be costly and could interrupt regular operations, which may adversely affect our business. While we are not aware of any non-compliance or violations of any applicable privacy and data protection laws and believe we are in compliance with such laws, there can be no assurance that we will not receive notices of non-compliance or violations in the future.

Even when HIPAA does not apply, according to the FTC, failing to take appropriate steps to keep consumers’ personal information secure constitutes unfair acts or practices in or affecting commerce in violation of Section 5(a) of the FTCA. The FTC’s current guidance for appropriately securing consumers’ personal information is similar to what is required by the HIPAA security regulations, but this guidance may change in the future, resulting in increased complexity and the need to expend additional resources to ensure we are complying with the FTCA.

Federal and state consumer protection laws are increasingly being applied by the FTC and states’ attorneys general to regulate the collection, use, storage and disclosure of personal or personally identifiable information, through websites or otherwise, and to regulate the presentation of website content. The FTC has authority to initiate enforcement actions against entities that mislead customers about HIPAA compliance, make deceptive statements about privacy and data sharing in privacy policies, fail to limit third-party use of personal health information, fail to implement policies to protect personal health information or engage in other unfair practices that harm customers or that may violate Section 5(a) of the FTCA, and has brought enforcement actions against companies in the healthcare space in recent years. As a result of regulatory enforcement proceedings, we may be subject to related litigation, settlements or enforcement actions that could include monetary penalties and/or compliance requirements that (1) impose significant and material costs, (2) require us to make modifications to our data practices and our marketing programs, (3) result in negative publicity, or (4) have a negative impact on consumer demand for our products and services, or on our commercial or industry relationships. Even an unsuccessful challenge of our privacy practices by our consumers, regulatory authorities or other third parties could result in negative publicity and could require a costly response from and defense by us. Any of these events could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our financial results.

Other federal and state laws restrict the use and protect the privacy and security of personally identifiable information, in many cases are not preempted by HIPAA and may be subject to varying interpretations by courts and government agencies. These varying interpretations can create complex compliance issues for us and our partners and potentially expose us to additional expense, adverse publicity and liability, any of which could adversely affect our business. States continue to introduce and adopt new and amended laws, regulations and industry standards concerning privacy, data protection and information security. The first of these was the CCPA, as amended by the CPRA, which amendments went into effect on January 1, 2023. The CCPA created specific obligations with respect to processing and storing personal information, and the CPRA amendments created a new state agency that is vested with authority to implement and enforce the CCPA. In addition to the CCPA, similar privacy and data security laws have been enacted or proposed in numerous other states as well as in the U.S. Congress. These new laws will impose similar, additional, and in some cases more restrictive requirements than the CCPA created.

Furthermore, other states have proposed or enacted legislation that is focused on more narrow aspects of privacy. For example, a number of states have passed laws that protect biometric information and a smaller number of states have passed or are considering laws that are specifically focused upon health privacy, such as Washington’s My Health My Data Act. The My Health My Data Act imposes new state restrictions and requirements on the processing and sale of consumer health data and creates a private right of action, which further increases the relevant compliance risk. Connecticut and Nevada have also passed similar laws regulating consumer health data, and New York’s Health Information Privacy Act is awaiting the governor’s signature. The effects of state and federal privacy laws are potentially significant and may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies and to incur substantial costs and potential liability in an effort to comply with such legislation.

We cannot yet determine the full impact these laws or other such future laws, regulations and standards may have on our current or future business. Any of these laws may broaden their scope in the future, and similar laws have been proposed on both a federal level and in various states in the U.S. Such proposed legislation, if enacted, may add additional complexity, variation in requirements, restrictions and potential legal risk, require additional investment of resources in compliance programs, impact strategies and the availability of previously useful data and could result in increased compliance costs and/or changes in business practices and policies. The existence of comprehensive privacy laws in different states in the country, and the heightened scrutiny associated with the enforcement of such laws, could make our compliance obligations more complex and costly and may increase the likelihood that we may be subject to enforcement actions or otherwise incur liability for noncompliance. State laws are changing rapidly and there are discussions in the U.S. Congress of new comprehensive federal data privacy laws to which we could become subject, if enacted.

While we primarily process data of consumers located within the United States, we process data of consumers located in other jurisdictions and have employees outside of the United States that may be subject to foreign laws. Internationally, virtually every jurisdiction in which we operate has established its own data security and privacy legal framework with which we or our customers must comply.

Cross-border data transfers and other future developments regarding local data residency and access could increase the cost and complexity of delivering our services in some markets and may lead to governmental enforcement actions, litigation, fines and penalties or adverse publicity, which could adversely affect our business and financial position could greatly increase our cost of providing our products and services, require significant changes to our operations or even prevent us from offering certain services in specific jurisdictions. In addition, any limitation on our ability to use or transmit health information outside of the U.S. could impose restrictions on our ability to recruit and maintain employees residing outside of the U.S., which could, in turn, adversely affect our business.

We expect that there will continue to be new or amended laws, regulations, standards and obligations proposed and enacted in various foreign jurisdictions. Many countries around the world have enacted comprehensive privacy and data protection laws that can impact our business. Some of the businesses we have acquired are subject to additional laws and regulations in jurisdictions outside of the United States, for example, the EU, in May 2018, adopted the General Data Protection Regulation, or EU GDPR, and the EU GDPR was incorporated into the laws of the United Kingdom (“UK GDPR”, together with the EU GDPR, “GDPR”). The GDPR in the EU and the UK, which have been incorporated into their respective laws, impose stringent requirements on the processing of health and other sensitive data. These requirements encompass: (i) providing information to individuals regarding data processing activities; (ii) ensuring a legal basis or condition applies to the processing of personal data and, where applicable, obtaining consent from individuals to whom the data processing relates; (iii) responding to data subject requests; (iv) imposing requirements to notify the competent national data protection authorities and data subjects of personal data breaches; (v) implementing safeguards in connection with the security and confidentiality of the personal data; (vi) accountability requirements; and (vii) taking certain measures when engaging third-party processors. Compliance with such laws and regulations requires resources and could be more costly and take more time than we anticipate, and could involve new fines or penalties for non-compliance, all of which could adversely affect our business.

We have operations in Canada, where our collection, use, disclosure and management of personal information must comply with both federal and provincial privacy laws, which impose separate requirements, but may overlap in some instances. The Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act ("PIPEDA") applies in all Canadian provinces except Alberta, British Columbia and Québec, as well as to the transfer of consumer data across provincial borders. PIPEDA imposes stringent consumer data protection obligations, requires privacy breach reporting and limits the purposes for which organizations may collect, use, and disclose consumer data. The provinces of Alberta, British Columbia and Québec have enacted separate data privacy laws that are substantially similar to PIPEDA, but all three additionally apply to our handling of our own employees’ personal data within their respective provinces. Notably, Québec’s Act respecting the protection of personal information in the private sector (the “Private Sector Act”), was amended by Bill 64, an Act to modernize legislative provisions as regards the protection of personal information, which introduced major amendments to the Private Sector Act, notably, to impose significant and stringent new obligations on Québec businesses while increasing the powers of Quebec’s supervisory authority. We may incur additional costs and expenses related to compliance with these laws and may incur significant liability if we are not able to comply with these laws. We are also subject to Canada’s anti-spam legislation, or CASL, which includes rules governing commercial electronic messages, which include marketing emails, text messages and social media advertisements. Under these rules, we must follow certain standards when sending marketing communications, are prohibited from sending them to customers without their consent and can be held liable for violations.

Certain of our products and services are also subject to self-regulatory standards and industry certifications that may legally or contractually apply to us. These include the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards ("PCI-DSS"), AICPA Security Organization Control 2 ("SOC 2") and HITRUST certification, which apply to or are maintained by certain of our solutions. In the event we fail to comply with the PCI-DSS or fail to maintain our SOC 2 or HITRUST certification, we could be in breach of our obligations under customer and other contracts, fines and other penalties could result, and we may suffer reputational harm and damage to our business. Further, our clients may expect us to comply with more stringent privacy, data storage and data security requirements than those imposed by laws, regulations or self-regulatory requirements, and we may be obligated contractually to comply with additional or different standards relating to our handling or protection of data.

All of these evolving compliance and operational requirements impose significant costs, such as costs related to organizational changes, implementing additional protection technologies, training employees and engaging consultants and legal advisors, which are likely to increase over time. In addition, such requirements may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies, utilize management’s time and/or divert resources from other initiatives and projects. Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with domestic or foreign laws or regulations, industry standards or other legal obligations, or any actual or suspected privacy or security incident, whether or not resulting in unauthorized access to, or acquisition, release or transfer of personally identifiable information or other data, may result in governmental enforcement actions and prosecutions, private litigation, fines and penalties or adverse publicity and could cause our clients to lose trust in us, which could have an adverse effect on our reputation and business.

We may be unable to make such changes and modifications in a commercially reasonable manner or at all, and our ability to develop new products and features could be limited. Any of these developments could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. Privacy and data security concerns, whether valid or not valid, may inhibit retention of services by existing clients or adoption of our services by new clients.

We rely on a variety of direct marketing techniques, including email marketing. These activities are regulated by legislation such as the Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003 (“CAN-SPAM Act”). Any failure by us to comply fully with the CAN-SPAM Act may leave us subject to substantial fines and penalties. In addition, any future restrictions in laws such as the CAN-SPAM Act, and various United States state laws, or new federal laws regarding marketing and solicitation or international data protection laws that govern these activities could adversely affect the continuing effectiveness of our marketing efforts and could force changes in our marketing strategies. If this occurs, we may not be able to develop adequate alternative marketing strategies, which could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.

Additionally, while we do not allow any third-party cookies, tags or trackers (collectively, “cookies”) to be placed in our software solutions, we utilize cookies on some of our public websites to collect data about visitors to our websites in order to administer our sites, enhance users’ web-browsing experience, analyze trends and gather information about users’ activities on our sites. Our ability to collect, analyze, use and share information collected via cookies is governed by U.S. and foreign laws and regulations which change from time to time, such as those regulating the level of consumer notice and consent required before a company can employ cookies to collect data about interactions with users online.

In recent years, there has been increasing public and regulatory scrutiny of the use of cookies by companies in the healthcare space. For example, the FTC has brought enforcement actions against online healthcare services and service providers, and there has been an increase in litigation alleging the unauthorized collection and sharing of sensitive health information in violation of federal and state privacy laws. While we do not collect HIPAA-regulated PHI via the use of cookies on our websites, and we believe our use of cookies on those websites complies with all applicable laws, we may from time to time receive public or regulatory inquiries about our use of tracking technologies. Continued regulation of cookies, changes in the interpretation and enforcement of existing laws and regulations, and increased scrutiny of the use of cookies by healthcare technology companies could restrict our ability to engage in certain activities or require changes to our practices. If we are believed or found to have not complied with our obligations under applicable laws, we may also be subject to litigation, substantial financial penalties, injunctive actions and reputational harm. All of the above could impact our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We conduct business through various Internet websites and web-based applications that are subject to accessibility requirements. Courts have ruled that the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”) applies to Internet websites and other digital experiences, and litigation related to ADA website accessibility has soared in recent years. Failing to comply with those requirements could leave us subject to claims, litigation, lawsuits and, ultimately, substantial fines and penalties.

Healthcare laws and regulations are rapidly evolving and may change significantly in the future, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. For example, in 2020, the HHS, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology ("ONC") and CMS promulgated final rules to clarify and operationalize provisions of the 21st Century Cures Act ("Cures Act"), regarding interoperability and “information blocking,” and create significant new requirements for health care industry participants. Information blocking is defined as activity that is likely to interfere with, prevent, or materially discourage access, exchange, or use of EHI, where a health information technology developer, health information network or health information exchange knows or should know that such practice is likely to interfere with access to, exchange or use of EHI. In April 2023, the ONC issued a notice of proposed rulemaking that would modify certain components of the Final Rule, including modifying and expanding certain exceptions to the information blocking regulations, which are intended to support information sharing.

While these rules benefit us in that certain EHR vendors will no longer be permitted to interfere with our attempts at integration, they may also make it easier for other similar companies to enter the market, creating increased competition and reducing our market share.

In addition, on December 27, 2024, HHS-OCR issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking to modify the HIPAA Security Rule to enhance cybersecurity protections for electronic protected health information. The proposed rule would modify the HIPAA Security Rule to require covered entities and business associates to strengthen cybersecurity protections for individuals’ protected health information. Key proposals include removing the distinction between “required” and “addressable” implementation specifications and mandating the development and revision of a technology asset inventory and a network map. Given the recent change in presidential administration, it is difficult to anticipate when the proposed rule will be finalized or if the NPRM will be withdrawn. If the NPRM is finalized, we may be subject to additional compliance obligations and incur additional costs in connection with compliance.

In addition, we are subject to various other laws and regulations, including, among others, anti-kickback laws, antitrust laws and the privacy and data protection laws described below.

Our current and future arrangements with healthcare professionals and life sciences companies may subject us to various federal and state fraud and abuse laws and other healthcare laws, including, without limitation, the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, the federal civil and criminal false claims laws, HIPAA and regulations promulgated under such laws. These laws will impact, among other things, proposed sales, marketing and educational programs, and other interactions with healthcare providers. For more information regarding the risks related to these laws and regulations please see “Business – Regulatory Matters – U.S. Federal and State Fraud and Abuse Laws.”

The scope and enforcement of each of these laws is uncertain and subject to rapid change in the current environment. Federal and state enforcement bodies have recently increased their scrutiny of interactions between healthcare industry participants, which has led to a number of investigations, prosecutions, convictions and settlements in the healthcare industry. Because of the breadth of these laws and the narrowness of their statutory or regulatory exceptions and safe harbors, some of our business activities may be subject to challenge under one or more of them.

Ensuring that our internal operations and future business arrangements with third parties comply with applicable healthcare laws and regulations will involve substantial costs. The risk of our being found in violation of healthcare laws and regulations is increased by the fact that their provisions are sometimes complex and open to a variety of interpretations.

It is possible that governmental authorities will conclude that our business practices do not comply with current or future statutes, regulations, agency guidance or case law involving applicable fraud and abuse or other healthcare laws and regulations. If our operations are found to be in violation of any of the laws described above or any other governmental laws and regulations that may apply to us, we may be subject to significant penalties, including administrative, civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines, disgorgement, the exclusion from participation in federal and state healthcare programs, individual imprisonment, reputational harm, and the curtailment or restructuring of our operations, as well as additional reporting obligations and oversight if we become subject to a corporate integrity agreement or other agreement to resolve allegations of non-compliance with these laws. Likewise, if any of the healthcare providers or entities with whom we do business are found to not be in compliance with applicable laws, they may be subject to criminal, civil or administrative sanctions, including exclusions from government funded healthcare programs and imprisonment. Further, defending against any such actions can be costly and time consuming, and may require significant financial and personnel resources. Therefore, even if we are successful in defending against any such actions that may be brought against us, our business may be impaired. If any of the above occur, our ability to operate our business and our results of operations could be adversely affected.

Our contracts with federal, state, local and foreign government entities are subject to various procurement regulations and other requirements relating to their formation, administration and performance. We are from time to time subject to audits and investigations relating to our government contracts, and any violations could result in various civil and criminal penalties and administrative sanctions, including termination of contracts, refunding or suspending of payments, forfeiture of profits, payment of fines and suspension or debarment from future government business.

In addition, such contracts may provide for termination by the government at any time, without cause. Any of these risks related to contracting with government entities could adversely impact our future sales and operating results.

The FDA may promulgate a policy or regulation that affects our products and services. FDA regulations govern, among other things, product development, testing, manufacture, packaging, labeling, storage, clearance or approval, advertising and promotion, sales and distribution and import and export for regulated drugs, biologics and devices. Non-compliance with applicable FDA requirements can result in, among other things, public warning letters, fines, injunctions, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products, total or partial suspension of production, failure of the FDA to grant marketing approvals, withdrawal of marketing approvals, criminal prosecutions or a recommendation by the FDA to disallow us from entering into government contracts. The FDA also has the authority to request repair, replace or refund of the cost of any device.

Our clients may use our products to place various short message service, or SMS, text messages and calls to patients. Additionally, we place certain calls and text messages as part of our operations. There are a number of federal and state statutes and regulations that govern certain of these telecommunications, including the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (“TCPA”), the Telemarketing Sales Rule (“TSR”), and various state laws similar in scope to the TCPA and TSR. The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”), and the FTC have responsibility for regulating various aspects of some of the TCPA, TSR and other federal laws. The FCC has recognized that certain healthcare-related telecommunications from or on behalf a healthcare provider to a patient are exempt from some TCPA restrictions if the calls or text messages meet certain requirements. For certain informational calls and text messages that do not qualify as a healthcare-related telecommunication, the TCPA requires callers to obtain prior express consent from the call recipient. Further, for calls and texts for telemarketing purposes, the TCPA requires callers to obtain prior express written consent from the call recipient and to adhere to “do-not-call” registry requirements which, in part, mandate that callers maintain and regularly update lists of consumers who have chosen not to be called and restrict calls to consumers who are on the national do-not-call list. Florida, Oklahoma and other states also have mini-TCPA and other similar consumer protection laws regulating calls and texts directed to their residents. As currently construed, the TCPA does not distinguish between voice and data, and, as such, text and SMS/MMS messages are also “calls” for the purpose of TCPA (and, in some cases, state mini-TCPA) obligations and restrictions.

For violations of the TCPA, the law provides for a private right of action under which a plaintiff may recover monetary damages of $500 for each call or text made in violation of the prohibitions on certain calls made using an artificial or pre-recorded voice or an ATDS and certain calls made to numbers properly registered on the federal “do-not-call” list. A court may treble the $500 amount upon a finding of a willful or knowing violation. There is no statutory cap on maximum aggregate exposure (although some courts have applied in TCPA class actions constitutional limits on excessive penalties). An action may be brought by the FCC, a state attorney general, an individual, or a class of individuals. As with the TCPA, Florida’s mini-TCPA, for example, restricts certain calls and calls and texts made using an automated system to Florida residents without prior consent, allows a plaintiff to obtain $500 for each call or text made in violation of its prohibitions, and permits a court to treble the $500 amount for willful or knowing violations of the statute. The TCPA, TSR, mini-TCPA laws and other similar state laws are subject to interpretations that may change. We regularly evaluate how they may apply to our business. The FCC, FTC, a state attorney general or other regulator, or a court, however, may disagree with our interpretation of these laws and conclude that we are not in compliance and impose damages, civil penalties and other consequences upon us for noncompliance. Determination by a court or regulatory agency that our services did not comply may also invalidate all or portions of some of our client contracts, could require us to change or terminate some portions of our business, could require us to refund portions of our services fees, and could have an adverse effect on our business. Further, we could be subject to putative class action lawsuits alleging violations of the TCPA, state mini-TCPA laws and other similar state laws. Our call and SMS texting services are potential sources of risk for class action lawsuits and liability for us. Numerous class-action suits under federal and state laws have been filed in recent years against companies who conduct call and SMS texting programs, with many resulting in multi-million-dollar settlements to the plaintiffs.

Even an unsuccessful challenge by consumers or regulatory authorities of our activities could result in adverse publicity and could require a costly response from us.

If in the future we are found to have violated such laws in a class action, the amount of damages and potential liability could be extensive and adversely impact our business. Accordingly, were such a class certified or if we are unable to successfully defend such a suit, then the damages could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Our business is dependent in part on phone, email and other messaging channels, such as text messages. Actions taken by third parties that block, impose restrictions on or charge more for the delivery of these communications could harm our business. For example, from time to time, internet service providers or other third parties may block bulk communications or otherwise experience difficulties that result in our inability to successfully deliver communications to patients. In addition, our use of email and text messaging channels to send communications to patients, potential patients, clients and potential clients may result in legal claims against us, which if successful might limit or prohibit our ability to send such communications.

Our product relies on a third-party service provider for delivery of calls, emails, text messages and other forms of electronic communication. If we were unable to use any one of our current service providers, alternate providers are available; however, we believe our revenue could be impacted for some period as we transition to a new provider, and the new provider may be unable to provide equivalent or satisfactory services. Any disruption or restriction on the distribution of our communications, termination or disruption of our relationships with our third-party service providers or any increase in the associated costs, may be beyond our control and would adversely affect our business.

Issues in the development and use of artificial intelligence, combined with an uncertain regulatory environment, may result in reputational harm, liability or other adverse consequences to our business operations. As with many technological innovations, AI presents risks and challenges that could impact our business. We currently incorporate a limited number of AI technologies into certain of our products, and we may continue to adopt and integrate AI, including generative AI, into our products in the future for specific use cases reviewed by legal and information security. If we, our vendors, or our third-party partners experience an actual or perceived data breach or cybersecurity incident because of the use of generative AI, we may lose valuable intellectual property, personal data and/or confidential information, and our reputation and the public perception of the effectiveness of our security measures could be harmed. Further, bad actors around the world use increasingly sophisticated methods, including the use of AI, to engage in illegal activities involving the theft and misuse of personal information, confidential information, and intellectual property. Any of these outcomes could damage our reputation, subject us to legal liability, result in the loss of valuable property and information, and adversely impact our business.

The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence will require the application of significant resources to design, develop, test and maintain such systems to help ensure that artificial intelligence is implemented in accordance with applicable law and regulation and in a socially responsible manner and to minimize any real or perceived unintended harmful impacts. The use of certain artificial intelligence technologies can also give rise to intellectual property risks, including by disclosing or otherwise compromising our confidential or proprietary intellectual property, or by undermining our ability to assert or defend ownership rights in intellectual property created with the assistance of artificial intelligence tools. Our vendors may in turn incorporate artificial intelligence tools into their offerings, and the providers of these artificial intelligence tools may not meet existing or rapidly evolving regulatory or industry standards, including with respect to privacy and data security.

A growing number of legislators and regulators are adopting laws and regulations and have focused enforcement efforts on the adoption of artificial intelligence and the use of such technologies in compliance with ethical standards and societal expectations. These developments may increase our compliance burden and costs in connection with the use of artificial intelligence and lead to legal liability if we fail to meet evolving legal standards or if use of such technologies results in harms or other causes of action we did not predict. For example, several states, including Colorado and California, passed laws that will take effect in 2026 to regulate various uses of artificial intelligence, including to make consequential decisions. In addition, various federal regulators have issued guidance and focused enforcement efforts on the use of AI in regulated sectors. If we develop or use AI systems governed by these laws or regulations, we will need to meet higher standards of data quality, transparency, monitoring and human oversight, and we would need to adhere to specific and potentially burdensome and costly ethical, accountability, and administrative requirements, with the potential for significant enforcement or litigation in the event of any perceived non-compliance.

Any of these effects could damage our reputation, result in the loss of valuable property and information, cause us to breach applicable laws and regulations, and adversely impact our business.

In addition, our competitive position could be harmed if we fail to adopt and integrate AI effectively into our operations and product offerings. The successful implementation of AI technology requires significant investment in talent, infrastructure, and ongoing research and development. Misjudging the convergence of AI with our business needs may lead to inefficiencies or obsolescence of our services or products. Additionally, AI systems can present risks of unintended bias, errors, or regulatory compliance challenges that could affect our reputation and legal standing. Our future success will depend, in part, on our ability to leverage AI responsibly and effectively.

Our employment practices and corporate activities in non-U.S. jurisdictions, such as Canada and India, where certain of our employees are based, are in many cases subject to the laws of those jurisdictions rather than U.S. law. Laws in some jurisdictions differ in significant respects from those in the U.S. and may impose additional requirements, particularly with respect to employment and tax matters, which can make our compliance obligations more complex and costly and may increase the likelihood that we may be subject to enforcement actions or otherwise incur liability for noncompliance. These differences can also affect our ability to react to changes in our business, and our rights or ability to enforce rights may be different than would be expected under U.S. law. Moreover, enforcement of laws in some overseas jurisdictions can be inconsistent and unpredictable, which can affect both our ability to enforce our rights and to undertake activities that we believe are beneficial to our business. In addition, the business and political climate in some jurisdictions may encourage corruption, which could reduce our ability to compete successfully in those jurisdictions while remaining in compliance with local laws or U.S. anti-corruption laws applicable to our businesses.

While our solutions are primarily subject to government regulations pertaining to healthcare, certain aspects of our solutions may require us to comply with regulatory schema from other areas. Examples of such regulatory schema include:

•Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ("FCPA") and foreign anti-bribery laws. The FCPA makes it illegal for U.S. persons, including U.S. companies, and their subsidiaries, directors, officers, employees, and agents, to promise, authorize or make any corrupt payment, or otherwise provide anything of value, directly or indirectly, to any foreign official, any foreign political party or party official, or candidate for foreign political office to obtain or retain business. Violations of the FCPA can also result in violations of other U.S. laws, including anti-money laundering, mail and wire fraud, and conspiracy laws. There are severe penalties for violating the FCPA. The Company may also be subject to other non-U.S. anti-corruption or anti-bribery laws, such as the U.K. Bribery Act 2010. In many foreign countries, particularly in those with developing economies, it may be common to engage in business practices that are prohibited by laws and regulations applicable to us, such as the FCPA and other anti-bribery laws. Any violations of the FCPA or local anti-corruption laws by us, our subsidiaries or our local agents in India or elsewhere could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects, as well as our reputation, and result in substantial financial penalties or other sanctions.

•Economic sanctions and export controls. Economic and trade sanctions programs that are administered by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”) prohibit or restrict transactions to or from, and dealings with specified countries and territories, their governments, and in certain circumstances, with individuals and entities that are located in or nationals of those countries, and other sanctioned persons, including specially designated nationals, narcotics traffickers and terrorists or terrorist organizations. As federal, state and foreign legislative regulatory scrutiny and enforcement actions in these areas increase, we expect our costs to comply with these requirements will increase as well. Failure to comply with any of these requirements could result in the limitation, suspension or termination of our services, imposition of significant civil and criminal penalties, including fines, and/or the seizure and/or forfeiture of our assets.

•Further, our solutions incorporate encryption technology. The U.S. Export Administration Regulations require authorization for the export of certain encryption items, including by a license, a license exception or other appropriate government authorizations. Such solutions may also be subject to certain regulatory reporting requirements. While we believe our products meet certain exceptions that reduce the scope of export control restrictions applicable to such products, these exceptions may be determined not to apply to our products and our products and underlying technology may become subject to export control restrictions.

•Our subsidiary, Insignia, receives a portion of its revenue from customers that are governmental agencies or funded by government programs. As a federal government contractor, Insignia’s government contracts and subcontracts subject Insignia to the Federal Acquisition Regulation (“FAR”) and, among other requirements, the following: (a) termination when appropriated funding for the current fiscal year is exhausted; (b) termination for the governmental customer’s convenience, subject to a negotiated settlement for costs incurred and profit on work completed, along with the right to place contracts out for bid before completion of the full contract term, as well as the right to make unilateral changes in contract requirements, subject to negotiated price adjustments; (c) compliance and reporting requirements related to, among other things, agency-specific policies and regulations, information security, subcontracting requirements, equal employment opportunity, affirmative action for veterans and workers with disabilities and accessibility for the disabled; (d) broad audit rights; (e) specialized remedies for breach and default, including setoff rights, retroactive price adjustments and civil or criminal fraud penalties under the False Claims Act (as described below), re-procurement expenses, as well as mandatory administrative dispute resolution procedures instead of state contract law remedies; and (f) requirements to calculate overhead rates in accordance with the accounting procedures and internal controls required under the FAR standards.

•In addition, our establishment of a subsidiary in India to bring outside services in-house could increase our risk of violations of the aforementioned laws and regulations. Despite our policies, procedures and compliance programs, our internal controls and compliance systems may not be able to protect us from prohibited acts willfully committed by our employees, agents or business partners that would violate such applicable laws and regulations.

We have entered into contracts with third-party contractors and vendors to provide critical services relating to our business, including initial software development and cloud hosting. We also rely on third-party providers to enable automated eligibility and benefits verification through our solutions, and we outsource certain of our software development and design, quality assurance and operations activities to third-party contractors that have employees and consultants in international locations that may be subject to political and economic instability, including India and Ukraine.

Our dependence on third-party contractors to support key functions of our business creates numerous risks, in particular, the risk that we may not maintain service quality, control or effective management with respect to these operations. In the event that these service providers fail to maintain adequate levels of support, do not provide high quality service, increase the fees they charge us, discontinue their lines of business, terminate our contractual arrangements or cease or reduce operations, we may suffer additional costs and be required to pursue new third-party relationships, which could materially disrupt our operations and our ability to provide our products and services, and could divert management’s time and resources. Our reputation and our customers’ willingness to purchase our products and partners’ willingness to use our products depend, in part, on our third-party contractors’ compliance with ethical employment practices, such as with respect to child labor, wages and benefits, forced labor, discrimination, safe and healthy working conditions, and with all legal and regulatory requirements relating to the conduct of their businesses. If our third-party contractors fail to comply with applicable laws, regulations, safety codes, employment practices, human rights standards, quality standards, environmental standards, production practices, or other obligations, norms, or ethical standards, our reputation and brand image could be harmed and we could be exposed to litigation and additional costs that would harm our business, reputation, and results of operations.

These third-party contractors, some of which handle sensitive data on our behalf, could be non-compliant with regulatory requirements or our contractual provisions regarding the handling of sensitive data, despite our best efforts to monitor their compliance and mitigate risks in our contractual cost-shifting provisions. Even if these third parties are compliant, they still could be the victims of sophisticated cyber-attacks or other unforeseeable events, such as the cyber-attack affecting Change Healthcare. The ability of our third-party contractors to effectively satisfy our business requirements could be impacted by financial difficulty of our third-party contractors or damage to their operations caused by fire, terrorist attack, natural disaster, or other events.

It would be difficult to replace some of our third-party contractors and third-party vendors in a timely manner if they were unwilling or unable to provide us with these services in the future, and our business and operations could be adversely affected. If these services fail or are of poor quality, our business, reputation and operating results could be harmed. For example, the continued Russian invasion of Ukraine has, and may continue to, impact macroeconomic conditions, give rise to regional instability, increase the threat of cyberwarfare and result in heightened economic sanctions from the U.S. and the international community in a manner that adversely affects us and our third-party contractors that have employees and consultants located in Ukraine. Further, although the length and impact of the continuing conflict are highly unpredictable, individuals located in these areas have been and could continue to be forced to evacuate or voluntarily choose to relocate, making them unavailable to provide services, such as software engineering, to support our business. It could also disrupt or delay our communications with such resources or the flow of funds to support their operations, or otherwise render some of our resources unavailable. While we have risk mitigation efforts in place, the realization of any of these risks could adversely affect our product development, operations, business and/or financial results and may require us to shift some of our development activities to other jurisdictions and/or third-party contractors, which may result in significant disruption, including delays in releases of new versions or updates of our software and incurrence of additional costs. We anticipate that we will continue to depend on these and other third-party relationships in order to grow our business for the foreseeable future. If we are unsuccessful in maintaining existing and, if needed, establishing new relationships with third parties, our ability to efficiently operate existing services or develop new services could be impaired, and, as a result, our competitive position or our results of operations could suffer.

We also depend on our third-party processing partners to perform payment processing services, which generate almost all of our payments revenue. Our processing partners may go out of business or otherwise be unable or unwilling to continue providing such services, which could significantly and materially reduce our payments revenue and disrupt our business. A number of our processing contracts require us to assume liability for any losses our processing partners may suffer as a result of losses caused by our healthcare services clients and their patients, including losses caused by chargebacks and fraud. Thus, in the event of a significant loss by our processing partners, we may be required to pay-out a large amount of cash in one or two business days following such event and, if we do not have sufficient cash on hand, may be deemed in breach of such contracts. A contractual dispute with our processing partners could adversely impact our revenue. Certain contracts may expire or be terminated, and we may not be able to enter into a new payment processor relationship that replicates the associated revenue for a considerable period of time.

In addition, we have entered into contracts with providers of EHR and PM solutions, and we intend to pursue such agreements in the future. These contracts are typically structured as commercial and technical agreements, pursuant to which we integrate certain of our solutions into the EHR and PM systems that are utilized by many of our clients, for agreed payments or provision of services to such providers of EHR and PM solutions. Our ability to form and maintain these agreements in order to facilitate the integration of our solutions into the EHR and PM systems used by our healthcare services clients and their patients is important to the success of our business. We or the providers of EHR and PM solutions with which we contract may terminate or seek to amend our agreements in response to future laws or regulations, such as those involving the access, exchange, and use of EHI. If providers of EHR or PM solutions amend, terminate or fail to perform their obligations under their agreements with us, we may need to seek other ways of integrating our solutions with the EHR and PM systems of our healthcare services clients, which could be costly and time consuming, and could adversely affect our business results.

We may also seek to enter into new agreements in the future, and we may not be successful in entering into future agreements on terms favorable to us. Any delay in entering agreements with providers of EHR or PM solutions or other technology providers could either delay the development and adoption of our products and services and reduce their competitiveness. Any such delay could adversely affect our business.

We rely on third-party suppliers and contract manufacturers for the materials and components used to operate our solutions and product offerings, and to manufacture and assemble our hardware, including the PhreesiaPad and our on-site kiosks, which we refer to as Arrivals Kiosks. We rely on a sole supplier, for example, as the manufacturer of our PhreesiaPads and Arrivals Kiosks, which help drive our business and support our subscription, payment processing and life sciences offerings. In connection with these services, our supplier builds new hardware for us and refurbishes and maintains existing hardware.

Any of our other suppliers or third-party contract manufacturers may be unwilling or unable to supply the necessary materials and components or manufacture and assemble our products reliably and at the levels we anticipate or that are required by the market. Our ability to supply our products commercially and to develop any future products depends, in part, on our ability to obtain these materials, components and products in accordance with regulatory requirements and in sufficient quantities for commercialization. If we are required to change contract manufacturers due to any change in or termination of our relationships with these third parties, or if our manufacturers are unable to obtain the materials they need to produce our products at consistent prices or at all, (including, without limitation, because of the effect of tariffs or other trade restrictions), we may lose sales, experience manufacturing or other delays, incur increased costs or otherwise experience impairment to our client relationships. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to establish alternative relationships on similar terms, without delay or at all.

If our third-party suppliers fail to deliver the required quantities of materials on a timely basis and at commercially reasonable prices, and we are unable to find one or more replacement suppliers capable of production at a substantially equivalent cost in substantially equivalent volumes and quality on a timely basis, the supply of our products to clients and the development of any future products will be delayed, limited or prevented, which could have material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our ability to deliver our products and services, particularly our cloud-based solutions, is dependent on the development and maintenance of the infrastructure of the Internet and other telecommunications services by third parties. This includes maintenance of a reliable network connection with the necessary speed, data capacity and security for providing reliable Internet access and services and reliable telephone and facsimile services. Our services are designed to operate without interruption in accordance with our service level commitments.

However, we have experienced limited interruptions in these systems in the past, including server failures that temporarily slow down the performance of our services, and we may experience more significant interruptions in the future. We rely on internal systems as well as third-party suppliers, including bandwidth and telecommunications equipment providers, to provide our services. We do not maintain redundant systems or facilities for some of these services. Interruptions in these systems, whether due to system failures, computer viruses, physical or electronic attacks or other catastrophic events, could affect the security or availability of our services, compromise the data we handle on behalf of our partners and prevent or inhibit the ability of our partners to access our services. In the event of a catastrophic event with respect to one or more of these systems or facilities, we may experience an extended period of system unavailability, which could result in substantial costs to remedy those problems or negatively impact our relationship with our clients, our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Any disruption in the network access, telecommunications or co-location services provided by third-party providers or any failure of or by third-party providers’ systems or our own systems to handle current or higher volume of use could significantly harm our business. We exercise limited control over third-parties, which increases our vulnerability to problems with services they provide. We have experienced failures by third-party providers’ systems which resulted in a limited interruption of our system. For example, in February 2024, Change Healthcare, a subsidiary of UnitedHealth Group and the largest clearinghouse for medical claims in the U.S., was the subject of a cyber-attack that required it to take offline its computer systems that handled electronic payments and insurance claims. One of our clearinghouse clients, for whom we act as merchant processor for patient payments, contracted with Change Healthcare to operate their online payment portal and handle print communications. As a result of the outage, the online payment portal was impacted, resulting in a decline in our patient payment volume during the three months ended April 30, 2024. Similar events could occur in the future, and the impact to our business could be material. Any errors, failures, interruptions or delays experienced in connection with these third-party technologies and information services or our own systems could negatively impact our relationships with clients and adversely affect our business and could expose us to third-party liabilities.

The reliability and performance of our Internet connection may be harmed by increased usage or by denial-of-service attacks. The Internet has experienced a variety of outages and other delays as a result of damages to portions of its infrastructure, and it could face outages and delays in the future. These outages and delays could reduce the level of Internet usage as well as the availability of the Internet to us for delivery of our Internet-based services.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and our key metrics requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes and amounts reported in our key metrics. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, as provided in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates. The results of these estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets, liabilities, and equity and the amount of revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Significant assumptions and estimates used in preparing our consolidated financial statements include those related to, but not limited to, revenue recognition, the allowance for doubtful accounts, contingent liabilities, the useful lives, the capitalization, valuation and recoverability of long-lived assets, the grant-date fair value of stock-based compensation awards, and the fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations. Changes in accounting rules and interpretations or in our accounting assumptions, estimates and/or judgments could significantly impact our consolidated financial statements. In some cases, we could be required to delay the filing of our consolidated financial statements, or to apply a new or revised standard retroactively, resulting in restating prior period consolidated financial statements. Any of these circumstances could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, liquidity, financial condition and results of operations.

Furthermore, we are subject to federal and state income, sales, use, value added and other taxes in the United States and other countries in which we conduct business, and such laws and rates vary by jurisdiction. We are registered in all states that assess sales and use taxes on our services. Although we believe our tax practices and provisions are reasonable, the final determination of tax audits and any related litigation, changes in the taxation of our operations and proposed changes in tax laws could cause the ultimate settlement of our tax liabilities to be materially different from our historical tax practices, provisions and accruals. If we receive an adverse ruling as a result of an audit, or we unilaterally determine that we have misinterpreted provisions of the tax regulations to which we are subject, there could be a material effect on our tax provision, net income or cash flows in the period or periods for which that determination is made, which could materially impact our financial results. Further, any changes in the taxation of our operations, including certain proposed changes in U.S. tax laws, may increase our effective tax rate and adversely affect our financial position and results of operations. In addition, liabilities associated with taxes are often subject to an extended or indefinite statute of limitations period. Therefore, we may be subject to additional tax liability (including penalties and interest) for a particular year for extended periods of time.

As of January 31, 2025, we had U.S. federal and state net operating loss carryforwards ("NOLs") of $596.5 million due to prior period losses, which, subject to the following discussion, are generally available to be carried forward to offset a portion of our future taxable income, if any, until such NOLs are used or expire. In general, under Section 382 ("Section 382") of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), a corporation that undergoes an “ownership change” is subject to limitations on its ability to utilize its pre-ownership change NOLs to offset future taxable income. Similar rules may apply under state tax laws. We have completed a Section 382 study and as a result of the analysis, it is more likely than not that we have experienced an "ownership change." In addition, it is more likely than not that our existing NOLs are subject to limitations arising from previous ownership changes. Future changes in our stock ownership, some of which are outside of our control, could result in an ownership change under Section 382 of the Code. In addition, under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, as amended by The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act of 2020, the amount of post-2017 NOLs that we are permitted to utilize in any taxable year is limited to 80% of our taxable income in such year, where taxable income is determined without regard to the NOL deduction itself. For these reasons, we may not be able to realize a tax benefit from the use of our NOLs. We have a valuation allowance related to our NOLs to recognize only the portion of the deferred tax asset that is more likely than not to be realized.

We regularly maintain cash balances at third-party financial institutions in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insurance limit, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to access uninsured funds in a timely manner or at all in the event of a failure of these financial institutions. If any such depositary institution fails to return our deposits, or if a depository institution is subject to other adverse conditions in the financial or credit markets, this could further impact access to our invested cash or cash equivalents and could adversely impact our operating liquidity and financial performance.

Our operations have consumed substantial amounts of cash since inception and we intend to continue to make significant investments to support our business growth, respond to business challenges or opportunities, develop new applications and services, enhance our existing solution and services, enhance our operating infrastructure and potentially acquire complementary businesses and technologies. For the year ended January 31, 2025, our net cash provided by operating activities was $32.4 million. As of January 31, 2025, we had $84.2 million of cash and cash equivalents, which are held for working capital purposes. As of January 31, 2025, we had no outstanding borrowings under the Capital One Credit Facility, with the ability to borrow up to $50.0 million.

Our future capital requirements may be significantly different from our current estimates and will depend on many factors, including the need to:

•finance unanticipated working capital requirements;

•develop or enhance our technological infrastructure and our existing products and services;

•fund strategic relationships, including joint ventures and co-investments;

•fund additional implementation engagements;

•respond to competitive pressures; and

•acquire complementary businesses, technologies, products or services.

Accordingly, we may need to engage in equity or debt financings or collaborative arrangements to secure additional funds. Additional financing may not be available on terms favorable to us, or at all. If we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of holders of our common stock. Any debt financing secured by us in the future could involve additional restrictive covenants relating to our capital-raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. In addition, during times of economic instability, it has been difficult for many companies to obtain financing in the public markets or to obtain debt financing, and we may not be able to obtain additional financing on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Credit Agreement governing our Capital One Credit Facility contains various restrictive covenants that limit our ability to take certain actions, including, but not limited to, our ability to grant or incur liens, dispose of assets, incur additional indebtedness, make certain investments, restricted payments (including dividends) and restricted debt payments, enter into certain transactions with affiliates and enter into certain mergers and acquisitions. In addition, the Capital One Credit Facility contains financial covenants applicable from time to time, which include Minimum Consolidated EBITDA, Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio and Minimum Liquidity, as such terms are defined in the Credit Agreement.

Our ability to comply with these covenants and meet these financial ratios and tests may be affected by events beyond our control, and we may not be able to meet those covenants. A breach of any such covenants could result in a default under the applicable loan agreement, which could cause all of the outstanding indebtedness under such credit facility to become immediately due and payable and terminate all commitments to extend further credit. These covenants could also limit our ability to seek capital through the incurrence of new indebtedness or, if we are unable to meet our obligations, require us to repay any outstanding amounts with sources of capital we may otherwise use to fund our business, operations and strategy.

Adverse developments that affect financial institutions, transactional counterparties or other third parties, or concerns or rumors about any events of these kinds or other similar risks, have in the past and may in the future lead to market-wide liquidity problems. For example, in early 2023, several financial institutions closed and were taken into receivership by the FDIC. There is no guarantee that the U.S. Department of Treasury, FDIC and Federal Reserve Board will provide access to uninsured funds in the future in the event of the closure of other banks or financial institutions, stabilize financial institutions through access to loans or other liquidity or support programs, or that they would do so in a timely fashion.

Although we assess our banking relationships as we believe necessary or appropriate, our access to cash in amounts adequate to finance or capitalize our current and projected future business operations could be significantly impaired by factors that affect us, the financial institutions with which we have banking relationships, or the financial services industry or economy in general. Further, investor concerns regarding domestic or international financial systems could result in less favorable commercial financing terms, including higher interest rates or costs and tighter financial and operating covenants, or systemic limitations on access to credit and liquidity sources, thereby making it more difficult for us to acquire financing on acceptable terms or at all. Any decline in available funding or access to cash and liquidity resources could, among other risks, adversely impact our ability to meet our financial obligations, which could have material adverse impacts on our liquidity and our business, financial condition, or results of operations.

In addition, a partner or supplier could be adversely affected by any of the liquidity or other risks that are described above as factors that could result in material adverse impacts on us, including but not limited to delayed access or loss of access to uninsured deposits or loss of the ability to draw on existing credit facilities involving a troubled or failed financial institution. Any partner or supplier bankruptcy or insolvency, or the failure of any partner to make payments when due, or any breach or default by a partner or supplier, or the loss of any significant supplier relationships, may have a material adverse impact on our business.

The trading price of our common stock has been and may be volatile and subject to wide price fluctuations in response to various factors, including, but not limited to:

•market conditions in the broader stock market in general, or in our industry in particular, which create highly variable and unpredictable pricing of equity securities;

•actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly financial reports and results of operations;

•changes in the financial projections we provide to the public or our failure to meet these projections;

•our ability to satisfy our ongoing capital needs and unanticipated cash requirements;

•indebtedness incurred in the future;

•actual or anticipated developments in our business, our competitors' businesses, or the competitive landscape generally, including introduction of new products and services by us or our competitors;

•issuance of new or changed securities analysts’ reports or recommendations;

•additions or departures of key personnel;

•new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations applicable to our business;

•regulatory developments;

•litigation and governmental investigations;

•the impact of public health concerns, on the economy, our company, our customers, suppliers or employees;

•macroeconomic conditions, such as changes in interest rates and economic slowdowns and recessions, and political conditions or events including from the results of the 2024 U.S. presidential and congressional elections and those resulting from geopolitical uncertainty and instability or war, such as the ongoing military conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the conflict in the Middle East;

•trading activity by stockholders who together beneficially own a significant portion of our outstanding common stock, as well as other institutional or activist investors; and

•our sale of common stock or other securities in the future.

These and other factors may cause the market price and demand for our common stock to fluctuate substantially, which may limit or prevent investors from readily selling their shares of common stock and may otherwise negatively affect the liquidity of our common stock. In addition, in the past, when the market price of a stock has been volatile, holders of that stock have instituted securities class action litigation against the company that issued the stock.

If any of our stockholders brought a lawsuit against us, we could incur substantial costs defending the lawsuit. Such a lawsuit could also divert the time and attention of our management from our business.

The trading market for our common stock is also influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us or our business. If one or more securities or industry analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline. If one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrades our common stock or provides more favorable recommendations about our competitors, or if our results of operations do not meet their expectations, our stock price could decline.

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock and do not currently intend to do so for the foreseeable future. We currently intend to invest our future earnings, if any, to fund our growth. Therefore, you are not likely to receive any dividends on your common stock for the foreseeable future and the success of an investment in shares of our common stock will depend upon any future appreciation in its value. There is no guarantee that shares of our common stock will appreciate in value or even maintain the price at which you have purchased your shares.

On March 12, 2025, our Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program. Under the program, we may repurchase up to 2.5 million shares of our common stock from time to time. The stock repurchase program does not obligate us to repurchase a specified number or dollar value of shares, and the program may be modified, suspended or discontinued at any time without prior notice. Our ability to return capital to stockholders through stock repurchases principally depends upon the amount of cash we generate from our operations, which will fluctuate from quarter to quarter based on, among other things, cash received from customers and cash paid to employees and suppliers, and other factors impacting our financial condition, some of which are beyond our control. The existence of the stock repurchase program could cause our common stock to trade at a higher price than it otherwise would. Although the program is intended to enhance long-term stockholder value, there is no assurance it will do so because the market price of our common stock may decline below the levels at which we repurchased shares and short-term stock price fluctuations could reduce the effectiveness of the program. Any failure to repurchase our common stock after we have announced our intention to do so may negatively impact our reputation and investor confidence in us and may negatively impact our stock price. Repurchasing our common stock will reduce the amount of cash we have available to fund working capital, capital expenditures, strategic acquisitions, or business opportunities and other general corporate purposes, and we may fail to realize the anticipated long-term stockholder value of the stock repurchase program. Further, the timing and amount of any repurchases, if any, will be subject to liquidity, market and economic conditions, compliance with applicable legal requirements such as Delaware surplus and solvency tests and other relevant factors. In addition, our stock repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time and may not enhance long-term stockholder value. Additionally, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 provides for the imposition of a 1% non-deductible U.S. federal excise tax (the “Stock Buyback Tax”) on certain repurchases of stock by publicly traded U.S. corporations.

Our seventh amended and restated certificate of incorporation (as amended, our "certificate of incorporation") and our fourth amended and restated by-laws ("bylaws") contain provisions that could delay or prevent a change of control of our company or changes in our board of directors that our stockholders might consider favorable. Some of these provisions include:

•a board of directors divided into three classes serving staggered three-year terms, such that not all members of the board will be elected at one time;

•a prohibition on stockholder action through written consent, which requires that all stockholder actions be taken at a meeting of our stockholders;

•a requirement that special meetings of stockholders be called only by the board of directors acting pursuant to a resolution approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office;

•advance notice requirements for stockholder proposals and nominations for election to our board of directors;

•a requirement that no member of our board of directors may be removed from office by our stockholders except for cause and, in addition to any other vote required by law, upon the approval of not less than 75% of all outstanding shares of our voting stock then entitled to vote in the election of directors;

•a requirement of approval of not less than 75% of all outstanding shares of our voting stock to amend any bylaws by stockholder action or to amend specific provisions of our certificate of incorporation; and

•the authority of the board of directors to issue preferred stock on terms determined by the board of directors without stockholder approval and which preferred stock may include rights superior to the rights of the holders of common stock.

In addition, because we are incorporated in Delaware, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporate Law ("DGCL"), which may prohibit certain business combinations with stockholders owning 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock. These anti-takeover provisions and other provisions in our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws could make it more difficult for stockholders or potential acquirers to obtain control of our board of directors or initiate actions that are opposed by the then-current board of directors and could also delay or impede a merger, tender offer or proxy contest involving our company. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for stockholders to elect directors or cause us to take other corporate actions. Any delay or prevention of a change of control transaction or changes in our board of directors could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.

Our bylaws provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (the "Chancery Court") will be the sole and exclusive forum for state law claims for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers or other employees to us or our stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, our certificate of incorporation or our bylaws, (iv) any action to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of our certificate of incorporation or bylaws, or (v) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine (the "Delaware Forum Provision"). The Delaware Forum Provision will not apply to any causes of action arising under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act. Our bylaws further provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States will be the sole and exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act (the "Federal Forum Provision"). Our bylaws provide that any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock is deemed to have notice of and consented to the foregoing Delaware Forum Provision and the Federal Forum Provision; provided, however, that stockholders cannot and will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.

The Delaware Forum Provision and the Federal Forum Provision in our bylaws may impose additional litigation costs on stockholders in pursuing any such claims. Additionally, these forum selection clauses may limit our stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage the filing of lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and employees, even though an action, if successful, might benefit our stockholders. In addition, while the Delaware Supreme Court and other states courts have upheld the validity of federal forum selection provisions purporting to require claims under the Securities Act be brought in federal court, there is uncertainty as to whether other courts will enforce our Federal Forum Provision. If the Federal Forum Provision is found to be unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such an action. The Federal Forum Provision may also impose additional litigation costs on stockholders who assert that the provision is not enforceable or invalid. The Chancery Court or the federal district courts of the United States may also reach different judgments or results than would other courts, including courts where a stockholder considering an action may be located or would otherwise choose to bring the action, and such judgments may be more or less favorable to us than our stockholders.

None.

As a healthcare-focused company, we understand the importance of managing cybersecurity risks that we face and have established a cybersecurity risk management program as part of our enterprise risk management program.

Our cybersecurity risk management program is informed by recognized industry standards and frameworks and incorporates elements of the same, including elements of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Cybersecurity Framework and The Health Information Trust Alliance (HITRUST) Common Security Framework. Additionally, we are certified as a PCI-DSS Level 1 Service Provider. The Company’s cybersecurity program utilizes a cross functional, multilayered defense-in-depth approach designed to: (i) identify, prevent and mitigate cybersecurity threats to the Company; (ii) preserve the confidentiality, security and availability of the information that we collect and store; (iii) protect the Company’s intellectual property; (iv) maintain the confidence of our customers, clients and business partners; and (v) provide appropriate public disclosure and required notices of cybersecurity risks and incidents when required.

Our cybersecurity program includes safeguards that are designed to protect the Company’s information systems from cybersecurity threats. Such safeguards include firewalls, automated intrusion detection systems, anti-malware functionality and access controls, which are evaluated and improved through periodic vulnerability assessments and ongoing cybersecurity threat intelligence. We have established and maintain an incident response plan that addresses the Company’s response to and recovery from a cybersecurity incident. The incident response plan is tested and evaluated on an annual basis.

The Company’s cybersecurity program is supported by engagement of third-party service providers who help identify, assess and respond to cybersecurity risks. For example, the Company regularly engages third parties to perform and facilitate assessments on our cybersecurity measures, including information security maturity assessments, audits, tabletop exercises, threat modeling and independent reviews of our information security control environment and operating effectiveness. The results of such assessments, audits and reviews are reported to leadership, the Audit Committee, and/or the Board, as appropriate, and the Company adjusts its cybersecurity policies, standards, processes and practices as appropriate based on the information provided by the assessments, audits and reviews.

As part of our cybersecurity risk management program, we maintain a risk-based approach to identifying and overseeing cybersecurity risks presented by third parties, including vendors, service providers and other external users of the Company’s systems, as well as the systems of third parties that could adversely impact our business. Further, all personnel are required to undergo cybersecurity training during onboarding and, thereafter, on an annual basis to reinforce the Company’s information security policies, standards and practices.

We have not identified any cybersecurity incidents or threats that have materially affected us or are reasonably likely to materially affect us, including our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. However, like other companies in our industry, we and our third-party vendors have experienced and will likely experience threats and security incidents that could affect our information or systems. See Item 1A “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information.

Phreesia takes a cross-functional approach to address the risks from cybersecurity threats. The Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) maintains oversight responsibility over the Company’s enterprise risk management (“ERM”) program, which incorporates the Company’s cybersecurity risk management program. The Board’s oversight of cybersecurity risk management is supported by the Audit Committee of the Board (the “Audit Committee”), which regularly interacts with the Company’s ERM function, the Company’s Chief Technology Officer, along with other members of management including the Chief Information Security Officer, the Chief Privacy Officer, and the compliance, audit, and risk teams.

The Company’s Chief Information Security Officer is principally responsible for day-to-day management of the Company’s cybersecurity risk management program and reports to the Chief Technology Officer. The Chief Information Security Officer has more than 15 years of cybersecurity experience, including leadership roles at four publicly traded companies. He is a Certified Information Systems Security Professional, holds a M.S. in Security Technologies from the University of Minnesota and is an alumnus of the FBI Citizen’s Academy. The Chief Technology Officer has served in various leadership roles in information technology and information security at the Company for over 14 years and holds a B.S. in computer science from Worcester Polytechnic Institute. The Chief Technology Officer reports directly to the Chief Executive Officer and works in coordination with the other members of the leadership team, which includes our General Counsel, Chief Operating Officer, and Chief Financial Officer. The Chief Technology Officer oversees a team of security professionals, which is led by the Chief Information Security Officer.

The security team includes approximately 36 security professionals, 25 of whom are security engineers. Other members of the team oversee and manage identity, risk, compliance and audit functions.

The Board and the Audit Committee each receive quarterly presentations and reports from the Company’s Chief Technology Officer and/or General Counsel on cybersecurity risks, which address a wide range of topics including, among others, recent developments, evolving standards, vulnerability assessments, third-party and independent reviews, the threat environment, technological trends and information security considerations arising with respect to the Company’s peers and third party service providers. The Board and the Audit Committee also receive prompt and timely information regarding any cybersecurity incident that meets established reporting thresholds under the Company’s incident response plan.

We are a fully remote company and do not maintain physical corporate offices. Our employees work remotely, from home or at shared co-working office spaces. We believe these arrangements support our current needs. We maintain a mailing address at 1521 Concord Pike, Suite 301, PMB 221, Wilmington, DE 19803. For purposes of compliance with applicable requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, stockholder communications required to be sent to our principal executive offices may be directed to the email address set forth in our proxy materials and/or identified on our investor relations website.

From time to time we may become involved in legal proceedings or be subject to claims arising in the ordinary course of our business. For further information regarding legal proceedings, refer to Note 11 - Commitments and contingencies in Part II - Item 8 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Our common stock began trading on the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, under the symbol "PHR" on July 18, 2019. Prior to that time, there was no public market for our common stock.

The following performance graph shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that Section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Phreesia, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, or the Exchange Act.

The following graph shows a comparison the period beginning on January 31, 2020 and ending on January 31, 2025 of the cumulative total stockholder return on our common stock, the NYSE Composite Index, S&P 500, and the S&P 1500 Composite Software and Services Index, each of which assumes an initial investment of $100 and reinvestment of all dividends. Such returns are based on historical results and are not intended to suggest future performance.

The comparisons shown in the graph below are based upon historical data. We caution that the stock price performance shown in the graph below is not necessarily indicative of, nor is it intended to forecast, the potential future performance of our common stock.

We had approximately 37 stockholders of record as of March 13, 2025; however, because many of our outstanding shares are held in accounts with brokers and other institutions, we believe we have more beneficial owners. This number of holders of record also does not include stockholders whose shares may be held in trust by other entities.

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We anticipate that we will retain all available funds and any future earnings, if any, for use in the operation of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. In addition, future debt instruments may materially restrict our ability to pay dividends on our common stock. Payment of future cash dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of the board of directors after taking into account various factors, including our financial condition, operating results, current and anticipated cash needs, restrictions that may be imposed by applicable law and our contracts and other factors the board of directors deems relevant. Additionally, our ability to pay dividends on our common stock is limited by restrictions under the terms of the Capital One Credit Facility.

Information about our equity compensation plans in Part III - Item 12 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is incorporated herein by reference.

There were no sales of unregistered securities during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2025 that were not previously reported on a Current Report on Form 8-K.

This management's discussion and analysis discusses our financial condition and results of operations for the years ended January 31, 2025 and 2024. Please refer to Part II - Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2024 for a comparison of the year ended January 31, 2024 to the year ended January 31, 2023.

•Total revenue increased 18% to $419.8 million in fiscal 2025 compared with $356.3 million in fiscal 2024.

•Net loss was $58.5 million in fiscal 2025 compared with $136.9 million in fiscal 2024.

•Adjusted EBITDA was $36.8 million in fiscal 2025 compared with negative $35.4 million in fiscal 2024.

•Cash provided by operating activities was $32.4 million in fiscal 2025 compared with cash used in operating activities of $32.4 million in fiscal 2024.

•Free cash flow was $8.3 million in fiscal 2025 compared with negative $57.5 million in fiscal 2024.

•Cash and cash equivalents was $84.2 million as of January 31, 2025 compared with $87.5 million as of January 31, 2024.

For a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net loss and a reconciliation of free cash flow to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities, and for more information as to how we define and calculate such measures, see the section below titled “Non-GAAP financial measures.”

We are a leading provider of comprehensive software solutions that improve the operational and financial performance of healthcare organizations and improve health outcomes by helping patients take a more active role in their care. Phreesia’s mission is to make care easier every day. We have created an integrated and streamlined system that automates data capture and activates patients before, during and after their interaction with their healthcare services provider. Our solutions include SaaS-based integrated tools that manage patient access, registration and payments. We offer tools to communicate with patients about their health that have demonstrated increased rates of preventive care and vaccinations. Additionally, our solutions include clinical assessments to screen patients for a variety of physical, behavioral and mental health conditions, helping providers better understand their patients and connect them to needed services, resulting in improved health outcomes. We also provide life sciences companies, government entities, patient advocacy, public interest and not-for-profit and other organizations with a channel for direct education and communication with patients in a privacy-protected environment. Our solutions also include additional products and services such as the MediFind provider directory, which helps patients find care based on providers' specialty and condition expertise.

We serve an array of healthcare services clients of all sizes across over 25 specialties, ranging from single-specialty practices, including internal and family medicine, urology, dermatology, and orthopedics, to large, multi-specialty groups, and health systems as well as other organizations that provide other types of healthcare-related services. Our network solutions clients include life sciences companies in the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device industries, as well as government entities, patient advocacy, public interest and other not-for-profit organizations seeking to activate, engage and educate patients about topics critical to their health. Our goal is to help patients have more informed conversations to help them make decisions about their care.

We derive revenue from (i) subscription fees from healthcare services clients for access to our solutions and related professional services fees, (ii) payment processing fees based on levels of patient payment volume processed through our solutions and (iii) fees from life sciences clients and other organizations for delivering direct communications to help activate, engage and educate patients about topics critical to their health using our solutions. We also generate revenue through our additional products and services such as the MediFind provider directory, which helps patients find care based on providers' specialty and condition expertise. We have strong visibility into our business as the majority of our revenue is derived from recurring subscription fees and re-occurring payment processing fees.

We market and sell our products and services to healthcare services prospects throughout the U.S. using a direct sales organization. Our database team is responsible for the hygiene and health of our data and is tasked with validating information by using various tools to enrich it. This data powers our sales development organization. Our marketing team identifies customer profiles, develops content and deploys one-to-many communications to soften the market. This helps prepare our sales development team to engage with new prospective customers. The sales development team creates opportunities and works with the direct sales team to qualify those opportunities. Our sales force executes on these qualified sales leads, partnering with our sales enablement and client services functions to ensure prospects are educated on the breadth of our capabilities and demonstrable value proposition, with the goal of attracting and retaining clients and expanding their use of our solutions over time. Most of our healthcare services customer contracts are structured as annual, auto-renewing agreements. Our sales typically involve competitive processes, and sales cycles have, on average, varied in duration from three months to six months, depending on the size of the potential client. After we secure new deals, our sales team offers additional add-on solutions and services to healthcare services customers, expanding the breadth of solutions provided to clients, which we believe increases customer satisfaction and retention. In addition, through Phreesia University (Phreesia’s in-house training program), live and virtual events, we help our healthcare services clients optimize their businesses and, as a result, support client retention.

We also sell products and services to life sciences and other organizations, healthcare advertising agencies, government entities and advocacy groups through our direct sales and marketing teams. Unlike healthcare services programs, most of the life science campaigns need to be measured and resold each year. Like healthcare services, the marketing team supports net new business and client retention for life sciences by educating ideal customer profiles about the value of Phreesia and the positive impact on health outcomes Phreesia campaigns have on patients.

Since our inception, we have focused substantially all of our sales efforts within the United States. Accordingly, substantially all of our revenue from historical periods has come from the United States, and our current strategy is to continue to focus substantially all of our sales efforts within the United States.

Our revenue growth has been primarily organic and reflects our significant addition of new healthcare services clients. New healthcare services clients are defined as clients that go live in the applicable period and existing healthcare services clients are defined as clients that go live in any period before the applicable period.

Our business is directly and indirectly affected by macroeconomic conditions, geopolitical conditions and the state of global financial markets. Geopolitical uncertainty resulting, in part, from the military conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the conflict in the Middle East, as well as other macro-economic conditions, such as the impact of pandemics, changes in interest rates, inflation in the cost of goods, services and labor, or a recession or an economic slowdown in the U.S. or internationally, have contributed to significant volatility and declines in global financial markets. The uncertainty over the extent and duration of the ongoing conflicts and these macroeconomic conditions continues to cause disruptions to businesses and markets worldwide. Additionally, the change in U.S. presidential administration may result in additional geopolitical and macroeconomic uncertainty. While none of these factors individually has had a material impact on our business to date, it is difficult to predict the potential impact these factors may have on our future business results, and each could adversely impact our business operations, financial performance and results of operations.

We regularly review the following key metrics to measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate financial projections, make strategic business decisions and assess working capital needs.

•AHSCs. We define AHSCs as the average number of clients that generate subscription and related services or payment processing revenue each month during the applicable period. In cases where we act as a subcontractor providing white-label services to our partner's clients, we treat the contractual relationship as a single healthcare services client. We believe growth in AHSCs is a key indicator of the performance of our business and depends, in part, on our ability to successfully develop and market our solutions to healthcare services organizations that are not yet clients. We believe growth in AHSCs provides useful information to investors as an important indicator of expected revenue growth. In addition, growth in AHSCs informs our management of the areas of our business that will require further investment to support expected future AHSC growth. For example, as AHSCs increase, we may need to add to our customer support team and invest to maintain effectiveness and performance of our solutions for our healthcare services clients and their patients.

•Healthcare services revenue per AHSC. We define Healthcare services revenue as the sum of subscription and related services revenue and payment processing revenue. We define Healthcare services revenue per AHSC as healthcare services revenue in a given period divided by AHSCs during that same period. We are focused on continually delivering value to our healthcare services clients. We believe that our ability to increase healthcare services revenue per AHSC provides useful information to investors as an indicator of the long-term value of our solutions. Healthcare services revenue per AHSC was $70,961 for the year ended January 31, 2025 compared to $72,215 for the year ended January 31, 2024, a decrease of 2%. The decrease was primarily driven by AHSC growth significantly outpacing growth in payment processing volume and payment processing revenue.

•Total revenue per AHSC. We define Total revenue per AHSC as Total revenue in a given period divided by AHSCs during that same period. Our healthcare services clients directly generate subscription and related services and payment processing revenue. Additionally, our relationships with healthcare services clients who subscribe to our technology give us the opportunity to engage with life sciences companies, government entities, patient advocacy, public interest and not-for-profit organizations who deliver direct communication to patients through our solutions. As a result, we believe that our ability to increase Total revenue per AHSC provides useful information to investors as an indicator of the long-term value of our solutions. Total revenue per AHSC was $99,884 for the year ended January 31, 2025 compared to $98,944 for the year ended January 31, 2024, an increase of 1%. The increase was primarily driven by Network solutions revenue growth that outpaced AHSC growth.

•Patient payment volume. We believe that patient payment volume is an indicator of both the underlying health of our healthcare services clients’ businesses and the continuing shift of healthcare costs to patients. We measure patient payment volume as the total dollar volume of transactions between our healthcare services clients and their patients utilizing our payment platform, including via credit and debit cards that we process as a payment facilitator as well as cash and check payments and credit and debit transactions for which we act as a gateway to other payment processors.

•Payment facilitator volume percentage. We define payment facilitator volume percentage as the volume of credit and debit card patient payment volume that we process as a payment facilitator as a percentage of total patient payment volume. Payment facilitator volume is a major driver of our payment processing revenue.

The following tables set forth our results of operations for the periods presented and as a percentage of revenue for those periods:

We generate revenue primarily from providing an integrated SaaS-based software and payment platform for the healthcare industry. We derive revenue from subscription fees and related services generated from our healthcare services clients for access to our solutions, payment processing fees based on the levels of patient payment volume we process, and from fees from life sciences clients and other organizations for delivering direct communications to help activate, engage and educate patients about topics critical to their health.

Our total revenue consists of the following:

•Subscription and related services. We primarily generate subscription fees from our healthcare services clients based on the number of healthcare services clients that subscribe to and utilize our solutions. Our healthcare services clients are typically billed monthly in arrears, though in some instances, healthcare services clients may opt to be billed quarterly or annually in advance. Subscription fees are typically auto-debited from healthcare services clients’ accounts every month. As we target and add larger enterprise healthcare services clients, these clients may choose to contract differently than our typical per healthcare services client subscription model. To the extent we charge in an alternative manner with larger enterprise healthcare services clients, we expect that such a pricing model will recur and, combined with our per healthcare services client subscription fees, will increase as a percentage of our total revenue. In addition, we receive certain fees from healthcare services clients for professional services associated with our implementation services as well as travel and expense reimbursements, shipping and handling fees, leasing and sales of hardware (PhreesiaPads and Arrivals Kiosks), on-site support and training.

•Payment processing fees. We generate revenue from payment processing fees based on the number of transactions and the levels of patient payment volume processed through our solutions. Payment processing fees are generally calculated as a percentage of the total transaction dollar value processed and/or a fee per transaction. Credit and debit patient payment volume processed through our payment facilitator model represented 81% and 82% of our patient payment volume in fiscal 2025 and 2024, respectively. The remainder of our patient payment volume is composed of credit and debit transactions for which Phreesia acts as a gateway to another payment processor, and cash and check transactions. Patient payment responsibility typically declines as a share of total spending as the calendar year progresses due to benefit design. Consistent with that trend, payment volume on a per client basis has historically been lower in the second half of our fiscal year as compared to the first half of our fiscal year.

•Network solutions. We generate revenue from life sciences clients and other organizations for delivering direct communications to patients. As we expand our healthcare services client base, we increase the number of new patients we can reach to deliver our direct communications to help activate, engage and educate patients about topics critical to their health on behalf of life sciences clients and other organizations.

Our cost of revenue (excluding depreciation and amortization) primarily consists of labor costs, including salaries, stock-based compensation, benefits and bonuses for implementation and technical support, as well as outside services costs. Cost of revenue (excluding depreciation and amortization) also includes infrastructure costs to operate our solutions such as hosting fees and fees paid to various third-party providers for access to their technology, as well as costs to verify insurance eligibility and benefits.

Payment processing expense consists primarily of interchange fees set by payment card networks that are ultimately paid to the card-issuing financial institution, assessment fees paid to payment card networks, and fees paid to third-party payment processors and gateways. Payment processing expense may increase as a percentage of payment processing revenue if card networks raise pricing for interchange and assessment fees or if we reduce pricing to our clients.

Sales and marketing expense consists primarily of labor costs, including salaries, stock-based compensation, benefits, bonuses and commission costs for our sales and marketing personnel, as well as outside services costs. Sales and marketing expense also includes costs for advertising, promotional and other marketing activities, as well as certain fees paid to various third-party partners for sales and lead generation. Advertising is expensed as incurred.

Research and development expense consists of costs to develop our products and services that do not meet the criteria for capitalization as internal-use software. These costs consist primarily of labor costs, including salaries, stock-based compensation and benefits for our development personnel, as well as outside services costs. Research and development expense also includes third-party partner fees and third-party consulting fees.

General and administrative expense consists primarily of labor costs, including salaries, stock-based compensation and benefits for our executive, finance, legal, security, human resources, information technology and other administrative personnel, as well as outside services costs. General and administrative expense also includes software costs to support our finance, legal and human resources operations, insurance costs as well as fees to third-party providers for accounting, legal and consulting services, costs for various non income-based taxes and software costs.

Depreciation represents depreciation expense for PhreesiaPads and Arrivals Kiosks, data center and other computer hardware, purchased computer software, furniture and fixtures and leasehold improvements.

Amortization primarily represents amortization of our capitalized internal-use software related to our solutions as well as amortization of acquired intangible assets.

Our other income and expense line items consist of the following:

•Other income (expense), net. Other income (expense), net consists of a $2.3 million gain recorded in fiscal 2025 in connection with a settlement with the former equity holders of ConnectOnCall, foreign currency-related gains and losses as well as miscellaneous other income and expense.

•Loss on extinguishment of debt. Loss on extinguishment of debt represents the difference between the amount paid on extinguishment of debt (including any directly related fees) and the net carrying amount of debt being extinguished.

•Interest income. Interest income consists of interest earned on our cash and cash equivalent balances.

•Interest expense. Interest expense consists primarily of the interest incurred on our financing obligations as well as amortization of discounts and deferred financing costs.

Based upon our cumulative pre-tax losses in recent years and available evidence, we have determined that it is more likely than not that substantially all of our U.S. deferred tax assets as of January 31, 2025 will not be realized in the near term. Consequently, we have established a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets that are not more likely than not to be realized. In future periods, if we conclude we have future taxable income sufficient to realize the deferred tax assets, we may reduce or eliminate the valuation allowance. Provision for income taxes also includes U.S. state and local income taxes and foreign income taxes. We record unrecognized tax benefits as liabilities or as reductions to deferred tax assets and adjust these balances when our judgement changes as a result of the evaluation of new information previously not available.

•Subscription and related services. Our subscription and related services revenue from healthcare services organizations increased $31.1 million to $196.5 million for fiscal 2025, as compared to $165.4 million for fiscal 2024, primarily due to new healthcare services clients added in fiscal 2025 as well as expansion of and cross-selling to existing healthcare services clients.

•Payment processing fees. Our revenue from patient payments processed through our solutions increased $7.1 million to $101.7 million for fiscal 2025, as compared to $94.6 million for fiscal 2024, due to the addition of new healthcare services clients, which drove increases in patient visits and patient payments processed through our platform. Payment processing fees for the year ended January 31, 2025 were reduced by approximately $6.1 million related to the accelerated wind-down of a relationship with a clearinghouse client.

•Network solutions. Our revenue from life sciences clients and other organizations increased $25.3 million to $121.6 million for fiscal 2025, as compared to $96.3 million for fiscal 2024 due to an increase in engagement, education programs and deeper patient outreach among the existing programs.

Cost of revenue (excluding depreciation and amortization) increased $5.2 million to $66.2 million for fiscal 2025, as compared to $61.0 million for fiscal 2024. The increase resulted primarily from a $7.7 million increase in other third-party costs driven by growth in revenue, partially offset by a $2.5 million decrease in labor costs.

Stock compensation incurred related to cost of revenue was $4.9 million and $4.6 million for fiscal 2025 and fiscal 2024, respectively.

Payment processing expense increased $5.7 million to $68.7 million for fiscal 2025, as compared to $63.0 million for fiscal 2024. The increase resulted primarily from the increase in payment processing fees revenue and patient payments processed through our solutions, each driven by an increase in patient visits over the prior year. Payment processing expense for the year ended January 31, 2025 was reduced by the accelerated wind-down of a relationship with a clearinghouse client.

Sales and marketing expense decreased $25.9 million to $121.1 million for fiscal 2025, as compared to $147.0 million for fiscal 2024. The decrease resulted primarily from a $18.0 million decrease in labor costs and a $7.9 million decrease in other third-party sales and marketing costs.

Stock compensation incurred related to sales and marketing expense was $22.0 million and $26.0 million for fiscal 2025 and fiscal 2024, respectively.

Research and development expense increased $5.0 million to $117.4 million for fiscal 2025, as compared to $112.3 million for fiscal 2024. The increase resulted primarily from a $3.2 million increase in software costs, a $1.5 million increase in labor costs and a $0.4 million increase in other third-party costs.

Stock compensation incurred related to research and development expense was $15.3 million and $17.4 million in fiscal 2025 and fiscal 2024, respectively.

General and administrative expense decreased $3.3 million to $76.6 million for fiscal 2025, as compared to $79.9 million for fiscal 2024. The decrease primarily resulted from a $3.1 million decrease in third-party costs associated with prior-year acquisitions, a $0.1 million decrease in other third-party general and administrative expenses and a $0.1 million decrease in labor costs.

Stock compensation incurred related to general and administrative expense was $24.8 million and $23.7 million in fiscal 2025 and fiscal 2024, respectively.

Depreciation expense decreased $3.4 million to $14.2 million for fiscal 2025, as compared to $17.6 million for fiscal 2024. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower data center equipment depreciation.

Amortization expense increased $1.8 million to $13.7 million for fiscal 2025, as compared to $11.9 million for fiscal 2024. The increase was primarily driven by higher amortization of capitalized internal-use software development costs as well as amortization of intangible assets acquired during fiscal 2024.

Other income, net was income of $2.0 million for fiscal 2025 as compared to income of less than $0.1 million for fiscal 2024. The increase in other income, net was driven primarily by a $2.3 million gain recorded in connection with a settlement with the former equity holders of ConnectOnCall, partially offset by foreign exchange losses. See Note 4 (b) in Part II - Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding the ConnectOnCall settlement. Other income, net for fiscal 2024 was comprised primarily of foreign exchange gains.

During fiscal 2024, we recorded a $1.1 million loss on extinguishment of debt in connection with the termination of the Third SVB Facility.

Interest income, net decreased by $1.9 million to $0.3 million for fiscal 2025, as compared to $2.2 million for fiscal 2024. The decrease is primarily attributable to lower interest income earned from our cash and cash equivalent balances, as well as higher interest expense on our finance leases and other financing obligations.

Provision for income taxes increased by $1.2 million to $2.7 million for fiscal 2025, as compared to $1.5 million for fiscal 2024. The increase in provision for income taxes relates primarily to an increase in Canadian and Indian income tax expense.

Adjusted EBITDA is a supplemental measure of our performance that is not required by, or presented in accordance with, GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA is not a measurement of our financial performance under GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income or loss or any other performance measure derived in accordance with GAAP, or as an alternative to cash flows from operating activities as a measure of our liquidity. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income or loss before interest income, net, provision for income taxes, depreciation and amortization, and before stock-based compensation expense, loss on extinguishment of debt and other income, net.

We have provided below a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net loss, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure. We have presented Adjusted EBITDA in this Annual Report on Form 10-K because it is a key measure used by our management and board of directors to understand and evaluate our core operating performance and trends, to prepare and approve our annual budget, and to develop short and long-term operational plans. In particular, we believe that the exclusion of the amounts eliminated in calculating Adjusted EBITDA can provide a useful measure for period-to-period comparisons of our core business. Accordingly, we believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results in the same manner as our management and board of directors.

Our use of Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our financial results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are as follows:

•Although depreciation and amortization expense are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized may have to be replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect cash capital expenditure requirements for such replacements or for new capital expenditure requirements;

•Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect: (1) changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs; (2) the potentially dilutive impact of non-cash stock-based compensation; (3) tax payments that may represent a reduction in cash available to us; or (4) interest income, net; and

•Other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate Adjusted EBITDA or similarly titled measures differently, which reduces its usefulness as a comparative measure.

Because of these and other limitations, you should consider Adjusted EBITDA along with other GAAP-based financial performance measures, including various cash flow metrics, net loss, and our GAAP financial results. The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net loss for each of the periods indicated:

We calculate free cash flow as net cash provided by (used in) operating activities less capitalized internal-use software development costs and purchases of property and equipment.

Additionally, free cash flow is a supplemental measure of our performance that is not required by, or presented in accordance with, GAAP. We consider free cash flow to be a liquidity measure that provides useful information to management and investors about the amount of cash generated by our business that can be used for strategic opportunities, including investing in our business, making strategic investments, partnerships and acquisitions and strengthening our financial position.

The following table presents a reconciliation of free cash flow from net cash provided by (used in) operating activities, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, for each of the periods indicated:

As of January 31, 2025 and 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of $84.2 million and $87.5 million, respectively. Cash and cash equivalents consist of money market mutual funds and cash on deposit.

We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, along with cash generated in the normal course of business, will be sufficient to meet our needs for at least the next 12 months.

In addition, we also have potential borrowing capacity under our credit agreement subject to certain restrictive covenants.

Our future capital requirements and the adequacy of available funds will depend on many factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors.”

In the event that additional financing is required from outside sources, we may be unable to raise the funds on acceptable terms, if at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital when desired, our business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected.

In December 2023, we entered into a 5-year $50 million senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility ("Capital One Credit Facility") maturing in December 2028, which includes a swingline sub-limit of at least $5.0 million and a letter of credit sub-limit of at least $5.0 million.

The new Capital One Credit Facility was entered into with Capital One, N.A. (“Capital One”) acting as administrative agent and replaces our previous senior secured revolving credit facility with Silicon Valley Bank, which we terminated on the same date. We believe the Capital One Credit Facility will give us additional financial flexibility through fiscal 2028. The facility is available to us for working capital and general corporate purposes.

The obligations under the Capital One Credit Facility are secured by a first priority security interest in substantially all of our tangible and intangible assets, and by pledges of the equity of certain of our U.S. subsidiaries, in each case subject to customary exclusions.

The Capital One Credit Facility includes financial covenants including but not limited to requiring us to maintain minimum Consolidated EBITDA, minimum Liquidity, a minimum Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio and limiting the amount of cash and cash equivalents we hold outside Capital One, each as defined in the Credit Agreement. We were in compliance with all covenants related to the Capital One Credit Facility as of January 31, 2025.

We believe that our cash and cash equivalents along with cash generated in the normal course of business are sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next twelve months.

In June 2023, we entered into a financing agreement to obtain financing for internal-use software and related software support. As of January 31, 2025, there was $1.9 million in outstanding principal and interest due under the agreement. The financing agreement requires us to pay $0.1 million per month for 36 months beginning August 2023. The effective interest rate on the agreement is 10.5% per annum.

On June 30, 2023, we entered into an agreement to acquire 100% of the outstanding equity of Comsort, Inc. d/b/a MediFind (“MediFind”) for total consideration of $8.9 million, which included the issuance of 150,786 shares of our common stock to certain MediFind stockholders.

On August 11, 2023, we entered into an agreement to acquire 100% of the outstanding equity of Access eForms, LLC (“Access”) for total consideration of $37.4 million, which included the issuance of 1,096,436 shares of our common stock to certain members of Access.

In October 2023, we entered into an agreement to acquire 100% of the outstanding equity of ConnectOnCall for total consideration of $13.9 million, including liabilities payable to the sellers. As of January 31, 2024, the Company’s liability for the ConnectOnCall deferred consideration liabilities was $8.7 million. See Note 4 (b) and Note 17 in Part II - Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding the liabilities issued as consideration for acquisition.

On January 31, 2025, we and the former equity holders of ConnectOnCall entered into a settlement agreement which resulted in a reduced payment of $5.0 million in full settlement of the deferred consideration liabilities. As of January 31, 2025, the outstanding balance of the deferred consideration liabilities was $0. The settlement agreement was a result of indemnification claims made by us against the former equity holders of ConnectOnCall stemming from our October 2023 agreement to acquire the outstanding equity of ConnectOnCall.

In connection with the settlement, we recorded a gain of $2.3 million within Other income (expense), net. We included the gain as an adjustment to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities.

We presented $4.6 million and $0.4 million of the settlement payment within cash used for financing activities and cash provided by operating activities, respectively, in its statement of cash flows for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2025.

The following table summarizes our sources and uses of cash for each of the periods presented:

The primary sources of cash from operating activities are cash received from our customers and interest earned on our money market mutual funds. The primary uses of cash for operating activities are for payroll, payments to suppliers, payments for operating leases, as well as cash paid for interest on our finance leases and other borrowings and cash paid for various sales, property and income taxes.

During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2025, net cash provided by operating activities was $32.4 million, as our cash received from customers in connection with our normal operations exceeded our cash paid to employees and suppliers. During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2024, net cash used in operating activities was $32.4 million, as our cash paid to employees and suppliers exceeded our cash received from customers in connection with our normal operations.

The change in net cash provided by (used in) operating activities was driven primarily by an increase in cash received from customers driven by higher revenues during the year ended January 31, 2025.

During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2025, net cash used in investing activities was $24.1 million, principally resulting from $15.4 million of cash paid for capitalized internal-use software, as well as $8.7 million of purchases of property and equipment, primarily computer equipment.

During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2024, net cash used in investing activities was $39.7 million, including $19.3 million of cash paid for capitalized internal-use software, $14.6 million of cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired, as well as $5.8 million of purchases of property and equipment.

During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2025, net cash used in financing activities was $11.5 million, primarily consisting of $9.0 million used for principal payments on finance leases and financing arrangements, $6.3 million used for principal payments of acquisition-related liabilities and $0.2 million used for debt issuance costs, facility fees and debt extinguishment costs, partially offset by $3.9 million in proceeds from our equity compensation plans.

During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2024, net cash used in financing activities was $17.1 million, primarily consisting of $12.2 million used for treasury stock to satisfy tax withholdings on stock compensation awards, $7.4 million used for principal payments on finance leases and financing arrangements, $2.1 million used for debt issuance costs, facility fees and debt extinguishment costs, and $1.3 million used for principal payments of acquisition-related liabilities, partially offset by $4.2 million in proceeds from our equity compensation plans and $1.7 million constructive financing related to our software financing arrangement.

Our material cash requirements relate to human capital, contractual purchase commitments, leases and financing arrangements. Refer to Note 4 - Composition of certain financial statement accounts in Part II - Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information on accrued payroll related liabilities. Refer to Note 6 - Finance leases and other debt, Note 10 - Leases and Note 11 - Commitments and contingencies in Part II - Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information on cash requirements for leases, financing arrangements and contractual purchase commitments.

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make certain estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the balance sheet date, as well as reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Our most significant estimates and judgments involve revenue recognition, the fair value of assets acquired in business combinations, capitalized internal-use software, income taxes, and valuation of our stock-based compensation. Actual results may differ from these estimates. To the extent that there are differences between our estimates and actual results, our future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows will be affected.

We believe that the accounting policies described below involve a greater degree of judgment and complexity. Accordingly, these are the policies we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our financial condition and results of operations.

We account for revenue from contracts with clients by applying the requirements of Topic 606, which includes the following steps:

•Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a client

•Identification of the performance obligations in a contract

•Determination of the transaction price

•Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

•Recognition of revenue when, or as, performance obligations are satisfied

Revenues are recognized when control of these services is transferred to our clients, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those services.

We believe the areas in which we apply significant judgements when determining revenue recognition relate to the identification of distinct performance obligations, the assessment of the standalone selling price (“SSP”) for each performance obligation identified, the determination of the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price of our contracts with customers and the determination of whether we are the principal or the agent for certain performance obligations.

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract with a customer to transfer products or services that are distinct. Our contracts with customers may include multiple promises to transfer services to a customer. Determining whether products and services are distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately or combined as a single performance obligation may require significant judgment that requires us to assess the nature of the promise and the value delivered to the customer.

Our subscription and related services revenue includes certain fees from clients for professional services associated with implementation services.

In determining whether professional services for implementation are distinct, we consider the following factors for each professional services agreement: availability of the services from other vendors, the nature of the professional services and the complexity of interfaces created between systems.

We determined that the majority of implementation services were not distinct from the related subscription service because they are proprietary such that they cannot be performed by another entity, because we generally do not sell professional services on a stand-alone basis, and because they are integral to the customer’s ability to derive the intended benefit of the subscription service, indicating that the implementation services and related subscription are inputs to a combined output.

We allocate the transaction price of our customer contracts to the performance obligations within those contracts based on the relative SSP of the performance obligations.

The SSP is the price that we would sell a product separately to a customer. The best evidence of this is an observable price from stand-alone sales of that product to similarly situated customers. However, as we do not typically transfer our performance obligations on a standalone basis, but rather we transfer bundles of performance obligations, we use an adjusted market assessment approach to estimate the price a customer would be willing to pay for our performance obligations using historical price information as priced in previous bundled contracts.

In determining SSPs, we stratify the population of customer transactions by product, type, size of customer and geographic area. We typically establish a range of SSPs for each of our performance obligations.

The prices we charge for digital messaging solutions provided to life sciences companies have historically been highly variable. We consider pricing to be highly variable if we have a history of selling the services at a wide range of prices to similar customers in similar geographic areas within the same time periods. As the pricing of our digital messaging solutions has historically been highly variable, we use the residual method to estimate the SSP of performance obligations for digital messaging solutions. We estimate the residual SSP of our digital messaging solutions as the total transaction price of the customer contract less the SSPs of the remaining performance obligations pursuant to the contract.

We estimate the transaction price at contract inception, including any variable consideration, and we update the estimate each reporting period for any changes in circumstances. When determining the transaction price, we assume the products will be transferred to the customer based on the terms of the existing contract and our assumption does not take into consideration the possibility of a contract being canceled, renewed, or modified.

We occasionally provide credits to customers representing adjustments to the transaction price. Known and estimable credits and adjustments represent a form of variable consideration, which are estimated at contract inception and generally result in reductions to revenues recognized for a particular contract. These estimates are updated at the end of each reporting period as additional information becomes available. We estimate the amount of variable consideration based on its expected probability-weighted value or its most likely amount. We include variable consideration in the transaction price to the extent it is probable there will not be a significant reversal of revenue when the uncertainty with respect to the variable consideration is resolved. We believe that there will not be significant changes to our estimates of variable consideration as of January 31, 2025.

As part of our revenue recognition process, we evaluate whether we are the principal or agent for the performance obligations in our contracts with customers. When we determine that we are the principal for a performance obligation, we recognize revenue for that performance obligation on a gross basis. When we determine that we are an agent for a performance obligation, we recognize revenue for that performance obligation net of the related costs. In determining whether we are the principal or the agent, we evaluate whether we have control of the services before we transfer the services to the customer by considering whether we are primarily obligated for transferring the services to the customer, whether we have inventory risk for the services before the services are transferred to the customer, and whether we have latitude in establishing prices. We recognize payment processing fees collected from customers as revenue on a gross basis because, as the merchant of record, we control the services before delivery to the customer, we are primarily responsible for the delivery of the services to our customers, we have latitude in establishing pricing with respect to the customer and other terms of service, we have sole discretion in selecting the third-party to perform the settlement, and we assume the credit risk for the transaction processed. We also have the unilateral ability to accept or reject a transaction based on our established criteria.

We use our best estimates and assumptions to accurately assign fair value to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date. With the assistance of third-party appraisers, we assess the fair value of the assets acquired in business combinations. The fair value of the acquired licenses and technology was estimated using the relief from royalty method. The fair value of customer relationships was estimated using a multi period excess earnings method. To calculate fair value, we used cash flows discounted at a rate considered appropriate given the inherent risks associated with each client grouping. Our estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, we may record adjustments to the fair value of these tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. We continue to collect information and reevaluate these estimates and assumptions quarterly and record any adjustments to our estimates to goodwill provided that we are within the measurement period. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the fair value of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to our consolidated statements of operations.

In connection with the ConnectOnCall acquisition, we recorded deferred consideration liabilities within other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities for amounts payable to the selling shareholders in seven quarterly installments through June 2025. The fair value of our deferred consideration liabilities was determined based on a discount cash flow approach, using the pre-tax cost of debt of 9.3%. In connection with the acquisition of ConnectOnCall, we recorded deferred consideration liabilities with an acquisition-date fair value of $10.0 million. On January 31, 2025, we and the former equity holders of ConnectOnCall entered into a settlement agreement which resulted in a reduced payment of $5.0 million in full settlement of the deferred consideration liabilities. As of January 31, 2025, the outstanding balance of the deferred consideration liabilities was $0. The settlement agreement was a result of indemnification claims made by us against the former equity holders of ConnectOnCall stemming from our October 2023 agreement to acquire the outstanding equity of ConnectOnCall. The principal portion of payments of the deferred consideration liabilities are financing payments of acquisition-related liabilities in our accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows.

We capitalize certain costs incurred for the development of computer software for internal use. These costs relate to the development of our solutions. We capitalize the costs during the development of the project, when it is determined that it is probable that the project will be completed, and the software will be used as intended. Costs related to preliminary project activities, post-implementation activities, training and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Internal-use software is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life, which is generally three to five years. We evaluate the useful lives of these assets on an annual basis and tests for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that could impact the recoverability of these assets. We exercise judgment in determining the point at which various projects may be capitalized, in assessing the ongoing value of the capitalized costs and in determining the estimated useful lives over which the costs are amortized. To the extent that we change the manner in which we develop and test new features and functionalities related to our solutions, assess the ongoing value of capitalized assets or determine the estimated useful lives over which the costs are amortized, the amount of internal-use software development costs we capitalize and amortize could change in future periods.

We granted market-based PSUs during fiscal 2023, 2024 and 2025.

PSUs vest in between 0% and 220% of the number of PSUs originally granted based on our total stockholder return ("TSR"), relative to a peer group of companies on the Russell 3000 stock index. PSUs granted during fiscal 2025, 2024 and 2023 vest in a maximum of 220% of the number of PSUs originally granted. We estimate the fair value of the PSUs using a Monte Carlo Simulation model which projects TSR for Phreesia and each member of the peer group over a performance period of approximately three years. The most critical and judgmental assumptions used in the Monte Carlo Simulation to estimate the fair value of the PSUs are set forth below:

•Correlation coefficient: The correlation coefficient measures the correlation of our stock to the stock of the companies in the peer group. This coefficient is used to project the performance of our stock against our peers to estimate projected performance under the plan.

•Expected volatility: For PSUs granted during the years ended January 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of our stock price over a term commensurate with the simulation term assumption.

We recognize the grant-date fair value of stock-based awards issued as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the award.

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, Segment Reporting. The new standard requires enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses and other segment items and requires companies to disclose all annual disclosures about segments in interim periods. The new standard also permits companies to disclose more than one measure of segment profit or loss, requires disclosure of the title and position of the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), and requires companies with a single reportable segment to provide all disclosures required by Topic 280 – Segment Reporting. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. Companies are required to apply ASU 2023-07 retrospectively to all periods presented. We adopted ASU 2023-07 for annual periods beginning in the fiscal year ending January 31, 2025.

We plan to adopt ASU 2023-07 for interim periods beginning in the fiscal year ending January 31, 2026. The disclosure changes that resulted from the adoption of ASU 2023-07 did not materially impact its consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The new standard requires companies to disclose disaggregated information related to income taxes paid and the effective tax rate. The provisions of ASU 2023-09 are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024; early adoption is permitted for annual statements. We plan to adopt ASU 2023-09 for annual periods beginning in the fiscal year ending January 31, 2026. We are currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2023-09 will have on our financial statements and related disclosures. We do not expect the disclosure changes that result from the adoption of ASU 2023-09 to materially impact our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. The new standard requires companies to disclose disaggregated information about certain income statement expense line items. The provisions of ASU 2024-03 are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. We plan to adopt ASU 2024-03 for annual periods beginning in the fiscal year ending January 31, 2028 and for interim periods beginning in the fiscal year ending January 31, 2029. We are currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2024-03 will have on our financial statements and related disclosures. We do not expect the disclosure changes that result from the adoption of ASU 2024-03 to materially impact our consolidated financial statements.

See Note 3 - Summary of significant accounting policies in Part II - Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.

We have operations in the United States, Canada and India, and we are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. These risks primarily include interest rate and foreign exchange risks.

As of January 31, 2025, our cash and cash equivalents consisted primarily of money market funds and cash on deposit. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal while maximizing income without significantly increasing risk. Because our cash equivalents have a short maturity, our portfolio’s fair value is relatively insensitive to interest rate changes. We do not believe that an increase or decrease in interest rates of 100 basis points would have a material effect on our financial condition. Changes in interest rates impact the amount of interest income we record on our cash equivalents. In future periods, we will continue to evaluate our investment policy in order to ensure that we continue to meet our overall objectives.

Although we had no debt outstanding under the Capital One Credit Facility as of January 31, 2025, changes in interest rates would affect interest expense if we borrow against the Capital One Credit Facility in the future.

Our results of operations and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly changes in the Canadian Dollar and Indian Rupee, and may be adversely affected in the future due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. For example, changes in exchange rates negatively affected our expenses as expressed in U.S. dollars for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2025. Additionally, changes in exchange rates largely offset operating income for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2025. For the year ended January 31, 2025, approximately 85% of our expenses were denominated in U.S. Dollars.

We have also experienced and will continue to experience foreign currency fluctuations due to the periodic re-measurement of monetary account balances that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the entities in which they are recorded, and such fluctuations can impact our net income. Foreign currency losses, primarily resulting from the re-measurement of monetary account balances, were $0.4 million for the year ended January 31, 2025.

In February 2025, we entered into foreign currency forward contracts in respect of the Canadian Dollar and designated them as hedges of the foreign currency exchange risk associated with forecasted Canadian Dollar denominated payroll payments.

We do not believe that a 1% increase or decrease in foreign exchange rates between the Canadian Dollar, Indian Rupee and U.S. Dollar would have a material effect on our results of operations or financial condition. In addition, we believe that the foreign currency forward contracts will limit our exposure to the foreign currency exchange risk associated with forecasted Canadian Dollar denominated payroll payments.

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Phreesia, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of January 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended January 31, 2025, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of January 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended January 31, 2025, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated March 13, 2025 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

As discussed in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company derives revenue from subscription fees and related services generated from the Company’s healthcare services clients for access to the Company's solutions, payment processing fees based on patient payment volume, and fees from life sciences and payer clients for delivering qualified direct communications to patients who voluntarily opt in to receive this type of engagement using the Company's solutions. Revenue from the Company’s contracts with its customers are disaggregated by service offering and certain aspects of the Company’s processes for revenue recognition and information technology (IT) systems differ among the revenue streams. The Company recorded $419,813 thousand of total revenues for the year ended January 31, 2025, of which $196,510 thousand was subscription and related services, $101,740 thousand was payment processing fees, and $121,563 thousand was network solutions revenue.

Each of these categories of revenue has multiple service offerings.

We identified the evaluation of the sufficiency of audit evidence over revenue as a critical audit matter. Subjective auditor judgment was required because of the multiple revenue streams, the related revenue recognition processes, and the number of IT systems involved in the revenue recognition processes.

The following are the primary procedures we performed to address the critical audit matter. We applied auditor judgment to determine the nature and extent of procedures to be performed over revenue. For each revenue stream where procedures were performed, we evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls related to the revenue process, including IT related controls. We involved IT professionals with specialized skills and knowledge, who assisted in testing certain general IT and application controls used by the Company in its revenue processes. For certain revenue streams, we selected a sample of transactions and assessed recorded revenue by comparing the amounts recognized to underlying documentation, including evidence of contracts with customers. We evaluated the sufficiency of audit evidence obtained over revenue by assessing the results of procedures performed.

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2019.

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors

We have audited Phreesia, Inc. and subsidiaries' (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of January 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended January 31, 2025, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated March 13, 2025 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

			January 31,
			2025						2024
Assets
Current:
Cash and cash equivalents			$	84,220					$	87,520
Settlement assets			29,176						28,072
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,468 and $1,392 as of January 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively			73,617						64,863
Deferred contract acquisition costs			401						768
Prepaid expenses and other current assets			15,871						14,461
Total current assets			203,285						195,684
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $84,505 and $76,859 as of January 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively			23,651						16,902
Capitalized internal-use software, net of accumulated amortization of $55,991 and $45,769 as of January 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively			52,763						46,139
Operating lease right-of-use assets			1,477						266
Deferred contract acquisition costs			583						986
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $8,407 and $4,925 as of January 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively			28,143						31,625
Goodwill			75,845						75,845
Other assets			2,668						2,879
Total Assets			$	388,415					$	370,326
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current:
Settlement obligations			$	29,176					$	28,072
Current portion of finance lease liabilities and other debt			8,043						6,056
Current portion of operating lease liabilities			964						393
Accounts payable			5,622						8,480
Accrued expenses			37,460						37,130
Deferred revenue			32,758						24,113
Other current liabilities			—						5,875
Total current liabilities			114,023						110,119
Long-term finance lease liabilities and other debt			8,150						5,400
Operating lease liabilities, non-current			646						134
Long-term deferred revenue			119						97
Long-term deferred tax liabilities			484						270
Other long-term liabilities			185						2,857
Total Liabilities			123,607						118,877
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
Stockholders’ Equity:
Preferred stock, undesignated, $0.01 par value—20,000,000 shares authorized as of both January 31, 2025 and 2024; no shares issued or outstanding as of January 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively			—						—
Common stock, $0.01 par value—500,000,000 shares authorized as of both January 31, 2025 and 2024; 60,083,444 and 57,709,762 shares issued as of January 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively			601						577
Additional paid-in capital			1,111,274						1,039,361
Accumulated deficit			(801,496)						(742,969)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss			(51)						—
Treasury stock, at cost, 1,355,169 shares as of both January 31, 2025 and 2024			(45,520)						(45,520)
Total Stockholders’ Equity			264,808						251,449
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity			$	388,415					$	370,326

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

			For the fiscal years ended January 31,
			2025						2024						2023
Revenue:
Subscription and related services			$	196,510					$	165,436					$	128,975
Payment processing fees			101,740						94,610						78,368
Network solutions			121,563						96,253						73,567
Total revenues			419,813						356,299						280,910
Expenses:
Cost of revenue (excluding depreciation and amortization)			66,227						61,025						58,944
Payment processing expense			68,707						62,986						50,323
Sales and marketing			121,129						147,008						151,263
Research and development			117,364						112,346						91,244
General and administrative			76,597						79,926						80,384
Depreciation			14,183						17,584						17,988
Amortization			13,703						11,903						7,316
Total expenses			477,910						492,778						457,462
Operating loss			(58,097)						(136,479)						(176,552)
Other income (expense), net			1,956						44						(175)
Loss on extinguishment of debt			—						(1,118)						—
Interest income, net			330						2,211						1,064
Total other income, net			2,286						1,137						889
Loss before provision for income taxes			(55,811)						(135,342)						(175,663)
Provision for income taxes			(2,716)						(1,543)						(483)
Net loss			$	(58,527)					$	(136,885)					$	(176,146)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted			$	(1.02)					$	(2.51)					$	(3.36)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted			57,589,687						54,561,449						52,440,067

(in thousands)

			For the fiscal years ended January 31,
			2025						2024						2023
Net loss			$	(58,527)					$	(136,885)					$	(176,146)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Change in foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax			(51)						—						—
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax			(51)						—						—
Comprehensive loss			$	(58,578)					$	(136,885)					$	(176,146)

(in thousands, except share data)

(in thousands)

			For the fiscal years ended January 31,
			2025						2024						2023
Operating activities:
Net loss			$	(58,527)					$	(136,885)					$	(176,146)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization			27,886						29,487						25,304
Stock-based compensation expense			66,975						71,613						58,775
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discount			236						321						310
Loss on extinguishment of debt			—						1,118						—
Non-cash gain on settlement			(2,345)						—						—
Cost of Phreesia hardware purchased by customers			1,873						1,619						1,598
Deferred contract acquisition costs amortization			1,815						1,056						1,696
Non-cash operating lease expense			747						702						1,768
Deferred taxes			214						228						434
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable			(8,812)						(11,205)						(11,132)
Prepaid expenses and other assets			(1,427)						(2,209)						250
Deferred contract acquisition costs			(1,045)						—						(427)
Accounts payable			(3,234)						(1,993)						4,774
Accrued expenses and other liabilities			182						14,195						2,720
Lease liabilities			(824)						(1,156)						(1,302)
Deferred revenue			8,667						731						1,255
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities			32,381						(32,378)						(90,123)
Investing activities:
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired			—						(14,573)						—
Capitalized internal-use software			(15,380)						(19,291)						(21,471)
Purchases of property and equipment			(8,709)						(5,806)						(4,732)
Net cash used in investing activities			(24,089)						(39,670)						(26,203)
Financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options			1,012						955						1,603
Treasury stock to satisfy tax withholdings on stock compensation awards			—						(12,176)						(19,383)
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan			2,918						3,209						3,321
Finance lease payments			(7,811)						(6,779)						(5,731)
Constructive financing			—						1,688						—
Principal payments on financing agreements			(1,199)						(600)						(216)
Debt issuance costs and loan facility fee payments			(152)						(1,321)						(397)
Financing payments of acquisition-related liabilities			(6,254)						(1,333)						—
Debt extinguishment costs			—						(758)						—
Net cash used in financing activities			(11,486)						(17,115)						(20,803)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents			(106)						—						—
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents			(3,300)						(89,163)						(137,129)
Cash and cash equivalents—beginning of year			87,520						176,683						313,812
Cash and cash equivalents—end of year			$	84,220					$	87,520					$	176,683

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

Phreesia, Inc. (the "Company") is a leading provider of comprehensive software solutions that improve the operational and financial performance of healthcare organizations and improve health outcomes by helping patients take a more active role in their care. The Company has created an integrated and streamlined system that automates data capture and activates patients before, during and after their interaction with their healthcare services provider. The Company's solutions include SaaS-based integrated tools that manage patient access, registration and payments. Additionally, the Company offers tools to communicate with patients about their health that have demonstrated increased rates of preventive care and vaccinations. Additionally, Phreesia's solutions include clinical assessments to screen patients for a variety of physical, behavioral and mental health conditions, helping providers to better understand their patients and connect them to needed services, resulting in improved health outcomes. The Company also provides life sciences companies, government entities, patient advocacy, public interest and not-for-profit and other organizations with a channel for direct education and communication with patients in a privacy-protected environment. Phreesia's solutions also include additional products and services such as the MediFind provider directory, which helps patients find care based on providers' specialty and condition expertise. Phreesia offers its healthcare services clients the ability to lease tablets ("PhreesiaPads") and on-site kiosks ("Arrivals Kiosks") along with their monthly subscription. The Company was formed in May 2005.

Since the Company commenced operations, it has not generated sufficient revenue to meet its operating expenses and has continued to incur significant net losses. To date, the Company has primarily relied upon the proceeds from issuances of common stock, debt and preferred stock to fund its operations as well as sales of Company products and services in the normal course of business.

Management believes that the Company’s cash and cash equivalents at January 31, 2025, along with cash generated in the normal course of business and available borrowing capacity under its revolving credit facility with Capital One, N.A. (“Capital One”) (the “Capital One Credit Facility”), are sufficient to fund its operations for at least the next 12 months.

The Company may seek to obtain additional financing, if needed, to successfully implement its long-term strategy.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP") and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") regarding annual financial reporting and include the accounts of Phreesia, Inc; its branch operation in Canada and its consolidated subsidiaries (or collectively, the "Company").

(b) Fiscal year

The Company’s fiscal year ends on January 31. References to fiscal 2025, 2024 and 2023 refer to the fiscal years ending on January 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. These judgments, estimates and assumptions are used for, but not limited to revenue recognition, the allowance for doubtful accounts, contingent liabilities, the determination of the useful lives of long-lived assets, the capitalization, valuation and recoverability of long-lived assets, the fair value of securities underlying stock-based compensation and the fair value of identifiable assets and liabilities and deferred consideration in business acquisitions.

The Company generates revenue primarily from providing integrated SaaS-based software and payment solutions for the healthcare industry. The Company derives revenue from subscription fees and related services generated from the Company’s healthcare services clients for access to the Company's solutions, payment processing fees based on patient payment volume, and fees from life sciences clients and other organizations for delivering qualified direct communications to patients who consent to receive this type of engagement using the Company's solutions.

The Company accounts for revenue from contracts with customers by applying the following steps:

•identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer;

•identification of the performance obligations in the contract;

•determination of the transaction price;

•allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

•recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

Revenues are recognized when control of these services is transferred to the Company’s customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services.

The majority of the Company’s contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations. For these contracts, the Company accounts for individual performance obligations separately when they are distinct. The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis. The Company determines the standalone selling prices based on its overall pricing objectives, taking into consideration market conditions, historical pricing information as priced in previous bundled contracts, as well as other factors such as product, customer type and geographic area. The Company typically establishes a range of SSPs for each of its performance obligations. The Company uses the residual method to estimate the SSP for certain performance obligations with highly variable pricing.

i.Subscription and related services

In most cases, the Company generates subscription fees from clients based on the number of healthcare services clients that utilize the Company's solutions and subscription fees for the Company’s self-service intake tablets (PhreesiaPads), on-site kiosks (Arrivals Kiosks) and any other solutions. The Company’s healthcare services clients are typically billed monthly in arrears, though in some instances healthcare services clients may opt to be billed monthly, quarterly or annually in advance. Subscription fees are typically auto-debited from client’s accounts every month. Revenue for healthcare services client subscriptions is recognized over the term of the respective healthcare services client contract. Substantially all of the Company’s subscription arrangements are considered service contracts, and the customer does not have the right to take possession of the software. Revenue for related services is recognized as it is delivered if the services are distinct from the subscription service and is recognized over the remaining non-cancelable subscription term if it is not distinct from the subscription service. In certain arrangements, the Company leases its PhreesiaPads and Arrivals Kiosks through operating leases to its customers. Accordingly, these revenue transactions are accounted for using ASC 842, Leases.

In addition, subscription and related services includes certain fees from clients for professional services associated with implementation services as well as travel and expense reimbursements, shipping and handling fees, sales of Phreesia hardware (PhreesiaPads and Arrivals Kiosks), on-site support and training. Certain professional services for implementation are not distinct from the Company's solutions and are therefore recognized over the term of the contract. Revenue from sales of distinct professional services, Phreesia hardware and training are recognized in the period they are delivered to clients.

ii.Payment processing fees

The Company generates revenue from payment processing fees based on the levels of patient payment volume resulting from credit and debit card transactions (dollar value and number of card transactions) processed through Phreesia’s payment facilitator model. Payment processing fees are generally calculated as a percentage of the total transaction dollar value processed and/or a fee per transaction. The remainder of patient payment volume is composed of credit and debit card transactions for which Phreesia acts as a gateway to payment processors, and cash and check transactions.

The Company recognizes the payment processing fees when the transaction occurs (i.e., when the processing services are completed). The transaction amount is collected from the cardholder’s bank via the Company’s third-party payment processing partner and the card networks. The transaction amount is then remitted to its customers approximately two business days after the transaction occurs.

At the end of each month, the Company bills its customers for any payment processing fees owed per its customer contractual agreements. Similarly, at the end of each month, the Company remits payments to third-party payment processors and financial institutions for interchange and assessment fees, processing fees, and bank settlement fees.

The Company acts as the merchant of record for its customers and works with payment card networks and banks so that its customers do not need to manage the complex systems, rules, and requirements of the payment industry. The Company satisfies its performance obligations and therefore recognizes the transaction fees as revenue upon completion of a transaction. Revenue is recognized net of refunds, which arise from reversals of transactions initiated by the Company’s customers.

The payment processing fees collected from customers are recognized as revenue on a gross basis as the Company is the principal in the delivery of the managed payment solutions to the customer. The Company has concluded it is the principal because as the merchant of record, it controls the services before delivery to the customer, it is primarily responsible for the delivery of the services to its customers, it has latitude in establishing pricing with respect to the customer and other terms of service, it has sole discretion in selecting the third-party to perform the settlement, and it assumes the credit risk for the transaction processed. The Company also has the unilateral ability to accept or reject a transaction based on criteria established by the Company.

As the merchant of record, the Company is liable for settlement of the transactions processed and, accordingly, such costs are included in payment processing fees expense on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

iii.Network solutions

The Company's Network solutions revenue includes fees from life sciences companies and other organizations for qualified direct communications to patients who consent to receive this type of engagement, to help activate, engage and educate patients about topics critical to their health using the Company’s solutions.

The Company generates revenue from sales of digital marketing solutions to life sciences companies which is based largely on the delivery of messages at a contracted price per message to patients. Messaging campaigns are sold for a specified number of messages delivered to qualified patients over an expected time frame. Revenue is recognized as the messages are delivered.

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and settlement assets. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are held by established financial institutions. The Company does not require collateral from its customers and generally requires payment within 30 to 60 days of billing. Settlement assets are amounts due from well-established payment processing companies and normally take one to two business days to settle which mitigates the associated risk of concentration. The Company utilizes one third-party payment processor.

The Company’s customers are primarily physician’s offices and other healthcare services organizations located in the United States as well as pharmaceutical companies. The Company did not have any individual customers that represented more than 10% of total revenues for the years ended January 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023. As of both January 31, 2025 and January 31, 2024, the Company had receivables from at least one entity that accounted for at least 10% of total accounts receivable.

The Company is subject to a variety of risk factors, including the economy, data privacy and security laws and government regulations. Additionally, the Company is subject to other risks associated with the markets in which it operates including reliance on third-party vendors, partners, and service providers. The Company has a substantial number of employees in Canada and India and the Company supplements its workforce with contractors and consultants in domestic and international locations. Certain of the Company's service providers, including certain third-party software developers, are located in international locations subject to warfare and/or political and economic instability, such as Ukraine and India. As with any business, operation of the Company involves risk, including the risk of service interruption impacting the operations of the Company's business and the Company's customer’s facilities below expected levels of operation, shut downs due to the breakdown or failure of information technology and communications systems, changes in laws or regulations, political and economic instability, or catastrophic events such as fires, earthquakes, floods, explosions, global health concerns such as pandemics or other similar occurrences affecting the delivery of our productions and services. The occurrence of any of these events could significantly reduce or eliminate revenues generated, or significantly increase the expenses of the Company's operations, adversely impacting the Company’s operating results and the Company's ability to meet the Company's obligations and commitments.

See Note 6 - Finance leases and other debt and Note 11 - Commitments and contingencies, for a summary of our contractual commitments as of January 31, 2025.

Cost of revenue (excluding depreciation and amortization) primarily consists of personnel expenses for implementation and technical support, infrastructure costs for operation of our solutions such as hosting fees, and certain fees paid to various third-party providers for the use of their technology, as well as costs to verify insurance eligibility and benefits. Personnel expenses consist of salaries, stock-based compensation, benefits and bonuses.

Payment processing expense consists primarily of interchange fees set by payment card networks that are ultimately paid to the card-issuing financial institution, and assessment fees paid to payment card networks, and fees paid to third-party payment processors and gateways.

Sales and marketing expense consists primarily of personnel costs, including salaries, stock-based compensation, benefits, bonuses and commission costs for our sales and marketing personnel. Sales and marketing expense also includes costs for advertising, promotional and other marketing activities, as well as certain fees paid to various third-party partners for sales lead generation. Advertising is expensed as incurred. Advertising expense was $1,675, $1,900 and $2,634 for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Research and development expense consists of costs for the design, development, testing and enhancement of the Company’s products and services that do not meet the criteria for capitalization as internal-use software. These costs consist primarily of personnel costs, including salaries, stock-based compensation, benefits and bonuses for the Company’s development personnel. Research and development expense also includes third-party partner fees and third-party consulting fees.

General and administrative expense consists primarily of personnel costs, including salaries, stock-based compensation, benefits and bonuses for the Company’s executive, finance, legal, human resources, information technology, and other administrative personnel. General and administrative expense also includes consulting, legal, security, accounting services and allocated overhead.

(j) Depreciation

Depreciation represents depreciation expense for PhreesiaPads and Arrivals Kiosks (collectively, Phreesia hardware), data center and other computer hardware and purchased computer software.

Amortization primarily represents amortization of the Company’s capitalized internal-use software related to the Company's solutions as well as amortization of acquired intangible assets.

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. The Company's money market accounts meet the definition of cash equivalents.

Settlement assets represent amounts due from the Company’s payment processor for customer electronic processing transactions. Settlement assets are typically settled within one to two business days of the transaction date.

Settlement obligations represent amounts due to customers for electronic processing transactions that have not been funded by the Company due to timing of settlement from the Company’s payment processor.

Accounts receivable represent trade receivables, net of allowances for any potential uncollectible amounts. The Company estimates the allowance for doubtful accounts as its current estimate of expected credit loss over the life of the instrument.

The Company estimates its allowance for doubtful accounts by evaluating the Company’s ability to collect outstanding receivable balances considering various factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s creditworthiness, payment history and financial condition, the condition of the industry as a whole, as well as expected future changes in credit losses. Write-offs of accounts receivable were not material during the fiscal years ended January 31, 2025, 2024 or 2023. As of January 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company has reserved $1,468 and $1,392, respectively, for the allowance for doubtful accounts.

Accounts receivable also includes unbilled accounts receivable (see Contract balances in Note 5(c)).

Property and equipment, including PhreesiaPads and Arrivals Kiosks, are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation of property and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Maintenance and repair costs are charged to operations as incurred while expenditures for major improvements are capitalized.

The Company depreciates property and equipment over the following estimated useful lives:

Upon sale or disposition of property and equipment, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from their respective accounts and any gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated statements of operations.

The Company capitalizes certain costs incurred for the development of computer software for internal use. These costs relate to the development of its solutions. The Company capitalizes the costs during the development of the project, when it is determined that it is probable that the project will be completed, and the software will be used as intended. Costs related to preliminary project activities, post-implementation activities, training and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Internal-use software is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life, which is generally three to five years. Management evaluates the useful lives of these assets on an annual basis and tests for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that could impact the recoverability of these assets. The Company exercises judgment in determining the point at which various projects may be capitalized, in assessing the ongoing value of the capitalized costs and in determining the estimated useful lives over which the costs are amortized. To the extent that the Company changes the manner in which it develops and tests new features and functionalities related to its solutions, assesses the ongoing value of capitalized assets or determines the estimated useful lives over which the costs are amortized, the amount of internal-use software development costs the Company capitalizes and amortizes could change in future periods. Refer to Note 4(d) for further detail on internal-use software costs capitalized during the period.

The Company uses its best estimates and assumptions to accurately assign fair value to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date. The Company’s estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the fair value of these tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. The Company continues to collect information and reevaluate these estimates and assumptions quarterly and records any adjustments to its estimates to goodwill provided that the Company is within the measurement period. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the fair value of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the consolidated statements of operations.

When applicable, the consideration transferred for business combinations includes the acquisition-date fair value of deferred consideration liabilities. The Company recognizes interest expense to accrete deferred consideration liabilities to their settlement amount.

Goodwill represents the excess of the consideration transferred over the fair value of the underlying net tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection with business combinations accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. Goodwill is not amortized, but instead goodwill is required to be tested for impairment annually and under certain circumstances. We perform such testing of goodwill in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or as events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value below its carrying amount.

The testing of goodwill is performed at the reporting unit level. The Company’s reporting unit is the same as its operating segment. The test begins with a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is “more likely than not” that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If it is concluded that it is “more likely than not” that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the Company performs a quantitative goodwill impairment test by calculating the fair value of the reporting unit and comparing that fair value to the carrying value of the reporting unit. If the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the Company records a goodwill impairment to reduce the carrying amount of goodwill by the amount by which the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount.

All other intangible assets associated with purchased intangibles, consisting of customer relationships, acquired technology, acquired trademarks and acquired licenses, are recorded at acquisition-date fair value less accumulated amortization and are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated remaining economic lives.

Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, intangible assets, capitalized internal-use software and operating lease right-of-use assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If circumstances require a long-lived asset or asset group be tested for possible impairment, the Company first compares the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by that asset or asset group to its carrying value. If the carrying value of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, an impairment is recognized to the extent that the carrying value exceeds its fair value. There were no impairment charges recognized in the consolidated statements of operations during any of the periods presented.

An asset and liability approach is used for financial accounting and reporting of current and deferred income taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed for temporary differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future. Such deferred income tax asset and liability computations are based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income or loss. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized. The Company recognizes the financial statement effects of income tax positions taken or expected to be taken in an income tax return when they are more likely than not, based on technical merits, to be sustained upon examination. The Company measures income tax positions at the largest amount of tax benefit that is more likely than not to be realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. U.S. GAAP also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in the interim periods, and disclosure for income taxes.

The Company reviews and evaluates tax positions in its major jurisdictions and determines whether or not there are uncertain tax positions that require financial statement recognition and the recording of a tax liability or the reduction of a tax asset. The Company would recognize tax related interest and penalties, if applicable, as a component of its provision for income taxes.

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company defines the term “chief operating decision maker” to be its Chief Executive Officer. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer reviews the financial information presented on an entire company basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating the Company’s financial performance. Accordingly, we have determined that we operate in a single reportable operating segment. Additionally, substantially all of the Company's revenues and long-lived assets are located in the U.S. See Note 16 - Segments and geographic information - for additional information regarding the Company’s reportable segment.

The Company has stock-based compensation plans under which various types of equity-based awards are granted, including stock options, restricted stock units ("RSUs"), performance-based RSUs, and market-based performance stock units ("PSUs"). The Company recognizes the compensation cost for equity-classified stock-based awards based on the grant-date fair value of the award. That cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the award. For performance-based RSUs, the number of shares expected to vest is estimated at each reporting date based on management's expectations regarding the relevant performance criteria. The Company adjusts stock compensation expense for forfeitures of stock-based compensation awards in the periods the forfeitures occur.

The fair value of stock options is estimated at the time of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which requires the use of inputs and assumptions such as the exercise price of the option, expected term, risk-free interest rate, expected volatility and dividend yield, and the value of the Company's common stock (which is estimated for awards granted prior to our IPO). The Company does not estimate forfeitures in recognizing stock-based compensation expense. The fair value of the RSUs is equal to the fair value of the Company's common stock on the grant date of the award. The fair value of market-based PSUs is estimated at the time of grant using a Monte Carlo simulation which compares Phreesia's projected total shareholder return ("TSR") to the projected TSR of the Russell 3000 Index (the "Peer Group") and estimates the value of shares to be issued based on the vesting conditions of the PSUs. The Monte Carlo simulation requires the use of inputs and assumptions such as the grant-date closing stock price, simulation, expected volatility, correlation coefficient to the Russell 3000 Index, risk-free interest rate and dividend yield.

During fiscal 2020, the Company adopted the Phreesia, Inc. 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP" or "the Plan"). The Company records compensation expense based on the grant date fair value per award granted multiplied by the number of awards granted to the employee for the purchase period. The number of awards granted to the employee for the purchase period is equal to the expected employee contributions divided by 85% of the closing stock price on the offering date.

For liability-classified performance-based stock bonus awards, at the beginning of the year, the Company offers eligible employees the option to elect to receive their year-end performance bonus in stock. Bonuses settled in stock are accounted for as stock-based compensation awards vesting based on a performance condition and are classified as liabilities because they represent a liability settled in a variable number of shares.

During fiscal 2023, the Company adopted the 2023 Inducement Award Plan (the "Inducement Plan"). The Inducement Plan allows the Company to grant equity-based incentive awards including stock options, RSUs and PSUs to employees of acquired companies to induce them to join the Company.

See Note 8 - Equity-based compensation, for additional information on stock-based compensation.

Certain assets and liabilities are carried at fair value under GAAP. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are required to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable:

Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2—Observable inputs (other than Level 1 quoted prices), such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3—Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques.

The fair value hierarchy also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

The Company capitalizes certain legal, accounting and other third-party fees that are directly associated with in-process equity financings as deferred offering costs until such financings are consummated. After consummation of the equity financing, these costs will be recorded in stockholders’ equity as a reduction of additional paid-in capital generated as a result of the offering, to the extent there are sufficient proceeds. Should the equity financing no longer be considered probable of being consummated, all deferred offering costs would be charged to operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

The functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries and branch in the U.S. and Canada is the U.S. Dollar. The functional currency of the Company’s subsidiary in India is the Indian Rupee. For subsidiaries with functional currencies other than the U.S. Dollar, the Company translates the functional currency financial statements into U.S. Dollars using the exchange rates at the balance sheet date for assets and liabilities, the period average exchange rates for revenues and expenses, and the historical exchange rates for equity transactions. The effects of foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded as accumulated other comprehensive loss within stockholders’ equity in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses to re-measure monetary assets and liabilities into each entity’s functional currency are included in Other income (expense), net in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Other income (expense), net consists primarily of miscellaneous other income and expense items that are not attributable to the Company’s normal ongoing operations, as well as foreign currency-related gains and losses.

The Company periodically evaluates the development in litigation, claims and other legal matters. The Company records liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines, penalties, and other sources when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. The Company discloses legal proceedings when it is reasonably possible that a loss has been incurred. Legal costs incurred in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred.

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, Segment Reporting. The new standard requires enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses and other segment items and requires companies to disclose all annual disclosures about segments in interim periods. The new standard also permits companies to disclose more than one measure of segment profit or loss, requires disclosure of the title and position of the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), and requires companies with a single reportable segment to provide all disclosures required by Topic 280 – Segment Reporting. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. Companies are required to apply ASU 2023-07 retrospectively to all periods presented. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 for annual periods beginning in the fiscal year ending January 31, 2025. The Company plans to adopt ASU 2023-07 for interim periods beginning in the fiscal year ending January 31, 2026. The disclosure changes that resulted from the adoption of ASU 2023-07 did not materially impact its consolidated financial statements.

During the year ended January 31, 2025, the Company did not adopt any other accounting pronouncements that materially impacted the Company's financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The new standard requires companies to disclose disaggregated information related to income taxes paid and the effective tax rate. The provisions of ASU 2023-09 are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024; early adoption is permitted for annual statements. The Company plans to adopt ASU 2023-09 for annual periods beginning in the fiscal year ending January 31, 2026. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2023-09 will have on its financial statements and related disclosures. The Company does not expect the disclosure changes that result from the adoption of ASU 2023-09 to materially impact its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. The new standard requires companies to disclose disaggregated information about certain income statement expense line items. The provisions of ASU 2024-03 are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company plans to adopt ASU 2024-03 for annual periods beginning in the fiscal year ending January 31, 2028 and for interim periods beginning in the fiscal year ending January 31, 2029. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2024-03 will have on its financial statements and related disclosures. The Company does not expect the disclosure changes that result from the adoption of ASU 2024-03 to materially impact its consolidated financial statements.

There are no other recently issued accounting pronouncements the Company has not yet adopted that will

materially impact the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Accrued expenses at January 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

			January 31,
			2025						2024
Payroll-related expenses and taxes			$	12,016					$	8,981
Stock-based compensation liability			6,135						5,890
Payment processing fees liability			6,578						6,008
Acquisition-related liabilities			844						1,888
Income and other tax liabilities			2,503						3,042
Information technology			4,562						5,927
Other			4,822						5,394
Total			$	37,460					$	37,130

Other current liabilities as of January 31, 2025 and 2024 were $0 and $5,875, respectively. Other long-term liabilities as of January 31, 2025 and 2024 were $185 and $2,857, respectively.

Other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities primarily represent deferred consideration liabilities payable to the former equity holders of ConnectOnCall.com, LLC (“ConnectOnCall”), which the Company acquired during the year ended January 31, 2024. As of January 31, 2025, the balance of other long-term liabilities was $185 and related to other post-employment benefits. See Note 17 - Acquisitions for additional information regarding the acquisition of ConnectOnCall.

On January 31, 2025, the Company and the former equity holders of ConnectOnCall entered into a settlement agreement which resulted in a reduced payment of $4,950 in full settlement of the deferred consideration liabilities. As of January 31, 2025, the outstanding balance of the deferred consideration liabilities was $0. The settlement agreement was a result of indemnification claims made by the Company against the former equity holders of ConnectOnCall stemming from the Company’s October 2023 agreement to acquire the outstanding equity of ConnectOnCall.

In connection with the settlement, the Company recorded a gain of $2,345 within Other income (expense), net. The Company included the gain as an adjustment to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2025. The Company presented $4,581 and $369 of the settlement, respectively, within cash used for financing activities and cash provided by operating activities in its statements of cash flows for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2025.

Property and equipment at January 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

			January 31,
			2025						2024
PhreesiaPads and Arrivals Kiosks			$	15,763					$	18,610
Computer equipment			77,704						62,888
Computer software			14,114						11,687
Hardware development			575						576
Total property and equipment			$	108,156					$	93,761
Less: accumulated depreciation			(84,505)						(76,859)
Property and equipment — net			$	23,651					$	16,902

Depreciation expense related to property and equipment amounted to $14,183, $17,584 and $17,988 for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Property and equipment - net and related depreciation expense includes assets acquired under finance leases. Assets acquired under finance leases included in computer equipment were $49,009 and $35,250 at January 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Accumulated amortization of assets under finance leases was $34,815 and $27,399 at January 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. See Note 10 - Leases for additional information regarding finance leases.

For the fiscal years ended January 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the Company capitalized $16,846, $19,521 and $23,604 of costs related to the Company's solutions, respectively.

During the fiscal years ended January 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 amortization expense related to capitalized internal-use software was $10,222, $9,527 and $5,945, respectively.

The following presents the details of intangible assets as of January 31, 2025 and 2024.

The weighted average remaining useful life for acquired technology in years was 5.1 and 6.0 as of January 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The remaining useful life for customer relationships in years was 11.6 and 12.4 as of January 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The remaining useful life for the license to the Patient Activation Measure ("PAM"®) in years was 11.8 and 12.8 as of January 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The remaining useful life for the trademarks in years was 13.5 and 14.5 as of January 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Amortization expense associated with intangible assets for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 was $3,481, $2,376 and $1,371, respectively.

The estimated amortization expense for intangible assets for the next five years and thereafter is as follows as of January 31, 2025:

			January 31, 2025
2026			$	3,450
2027			3,157
2028			3,157
2029			3,057
Thereafter			15,322
Total			$	28,143

The following table presents a roll-forward of goodwill for the years ended January 31, 2025 and 2024:

During the quarter ended October 31, 2023, the Company completed its quarterly triggering event assessments and determined that the decline in the market value of its publicly-traded stock, which resulted in a corresponding decline in its market capitalization, constituted a triggering event. Due to the decline in the Company’s market capitalization during the quarter ended October 31, 2023 the Company evaluated whether changes in the Company’s market capitalization indicated that the carrying value of goodwill in the Company’s single reporting unit was impaired.

As of October 31, 2023, the Company’s market capitalization exceeded the carrying value of the Company’s equity by over 100%. As a result, the Company did not believe that changes in the Company’s market capitalization during the quarter ended October 31, 2023 indicated that that the carrying amount of the Company’s goodwill was impaired as of October 31, 2023.

As of January 31, 2024, the Company's market capitalization also exceeded the carrying amount of the Company's equity by over 100%. As a result, the Company did not believe that the Company’s goodwill was impaired as of January 31, 2024. No other triggering events occurred during fiscal 2024 or 2025.

As of January 31, 2025, the Company determined that it was more likely than not that the fair value of its single reporting unit exceeded its carrying value. As a result, the Company did not believe that the Company’s goodwill was impaired as of January 31, 2025.

The Company did not record any impairments of goodwill during the years ended January 31, 2025, 2024 or 2023.

Accounts Receivable as of January 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

			January 31,
			2025						2024
Billed			$	70,342					$	62,880
Unbilled			4,743						3,375
Total accounts receivable, gross			$	75,085					$	66,255
Less: accounts receivable allowances			(1,468)						(1,392)
Total accounts receivable			$	73,617					$	64,863

Activity in the Company's allowance for doubtful accounts was as follows for the years ended January 31, 2025 and 2024:

The Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts represents the current estimate of expected future losses based on prior bad debt experience as well as considerations for specific customers as applicable. The Company's accounts receivable are considered past due when they are outstanding past the due date listed on the invoice to the customer. Write-offs of accounts receivable were not material during the fiscal years ended January 31, 2025, 2024 or 2023

Prepaid and other current assets as of January 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

			January 31,
			2025						2024
Prepaid software and business systems			$	6,849					$	4,922
Prepaid data center expenses			3,558						3,872
Prepaid insurance			912						1,257
Other prepaid expenses and other current assets			4,552						4,410
Total prepaid and other current assets			$	15,871					$	14,461