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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 8-K
 
CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): May 8, 2025
 
Warner Music Group Corp.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
 
Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction
of incorporation)
001-32502
(Commission
File Number)
13-4271875
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
1633 Broadway,
New York, NY
(Address of principal executive offices)
10019
(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (212) 275-2000
____________________________________________________________
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:
Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)
Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class   Trading Symbol(s)   Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share   WMG   The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).
Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐




ITEM 2.02. RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION.
On May 8, 2025, Warner Music Group Corp. issued an earnings release announcing its results for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, which is furnished as Exhibit 99.1 hereto.
This information shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except as expressly set forth by specific reference to such filing.
ITEM 9.01. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND EXHIBITS.
(d) Exhibits.
Exhibit No. Description
99.1
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)




SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

WARNER MUSIC GROUP CORP.
 
Date: May 8, 2025 By:    /s/ Armin Zerza
Armin Zerza
  Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

EX-99.1 2 q22025ex991.htm EX-99.1 Document

wmg_logoxbluexrgba.jpg

WARNER MUSIC GROUP CORP. REPORTS RESULTS FOR FISCAL SECOND QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2025
Financial Highlights
•Q2 Performance Driven by Revenue Growth Across Recorded Music and Music Publishing
•Cost Savings Plans on Track, With Reinvestment Initiatives Accelerating
•Year-to-Date Operating Cash Flow and Free Cash Flow Increased by 53% and 59%, Respectively

For the three months ended March 31, 2025
•Total revenue decreased 1%, or increased 1% in constant currency
•Net income decreased 63% to $36 million versus $96 million in the prior-year quarter
•Operating income increased 41% to $168 million versus $119 million in the prior-year quarter
•Adjusted OIBDA decreased 3% to $303 million, versus $312 million in the prior-year quarter, or 1% in constant currency
•Cash provided by operating activities increased to $69 million from cash used in operating activities of $31 million in the prior-year quarter

NEW YORK, New York, May 8, 2025—Warner Music Group Corp. today announced its second-quarter financial results for the period ended March 31, 2025.

“Our strategy is starting to bear fruit, with our strongest chart presence in two years, translating to expanding new release market share in the US. As a result, our true strength this quarter was partially obscured by challenging comparisons with last year’s outperformance. As we replicate our strategy across other labels and geographies, and drive a virtuous cycle of greater reinvestment, we expect to deliver lasting value for artists and songwriters, and sustained growth and profitability for shareholders,” said Robert Kyncl, CEO of Warner Music Group.







1


Total WMG
Total WMG Summary Results
(dollars in millions)
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 % Change For the Six Months Ended March 31, 2025 For the Six Months Ended March 31, 2024 % Change
(unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited)
Revenue $ 1,484  $ 1,494  -1  % $ 3,150  $ 3,242  -3  %
Recorded Music revenue 1,175  1,189  -1  % 2,520  2,634  -4  %
Music Publishing revenue 310  306  % 633  610  %
Operating income 168  119  41  % 382  473  -19  %
Adjusted OIBDA(1)
303  312  -3  % 666  763  -13  %
Net income 36  96  -63  % 277  289  -4  %
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities 69  (31) —  % 401  262  53  %
Free Cash Flow 33  (57) —  % 329  207  59  %
(1) See "Supplemental Disclosures Regarding Non-GAAP Financial Measures" at the end of this release for details regarding this measure.

Revenue was down 0.7% (or up 1.2% in constant currency). Digital revenue decreased 0.8% (or increased 1.2% in constant currency), driven by a decrease in streaming revenue of 0.3% (or increase of 1.6% in constant currency). Recorded Music streaming revenue decreased 0.4% (or increased 1.6% in constant currency). Music Publishing streaming revenue was flat to the prior-year quarter (or increased 1.6% in constant currency). The decrease in total revenue was driven by lower Recorded Music artist services and expanded-rights revenue, partially offset by higher licensing and physical revenue and growth across Music Publishing digital, performance, synchronization and mechanical revenue.

Operating income increased 41.2% (or 47.4% in constant currency) to $168 million from $119 million primarily due to the factors affecting Adjusted OIBDA discussed below, as well as a decrease in restructuring and impairment charges of $82 million compared to the prior-year quarter, which includes severance costs and impairment losses related to the Strategic Restructuring Plan, partially offset by higher non-cash stock-based compensation of $4 million in the quarter and the impact of a $14 million net gain on divestitures in the prior-year quarter related to a divestiture of certain music publishing rights.

Adjusted OIBDA decreased 2.9% (or 1.0% in constant currency) to $303 million from $312 million and Adjusted OIBDA margin decreased 0.5 percentage points to 20.4% from 20.9% in the prior-year quarter (the same in constant currency). The decreases in Adjusted OIBDA and Adjusted OIBDA margin were primarily driven by revenue mix, partially offset by savings from the Strategic Restructuring Plan, a portion of which has been reinvested in the Company’s business.

Net income decreased 62.5% to $36 million from $96 million. The decrease in net income was due to the factors affecting Adjusted OIBDA described above, as well as the impact of exchange rates on the Company’s Euro-denominated debt resulting in a $34 million loss in the quarter compared to a $21 million gain in the prior-year quarter, and realized and unrealized losses on hedging activity of $6 million in the quarter compared to gains of $5 million in the prior-year quarter. The decrease was also driven by an $11 million increase in income tax expense due to the impact from winding down the Company’s owned and operated media properties in the prior-year quarter, partially offset by the impact of lower pre-tax income in the quarter.

Basic and Diluted earnings per share were $0.07 for both the Class A and Class B shareholders due to the net income attributable to the Company in the quarter of $36 million.

As of March 31, 2025, the Company reported a cash balance of $637 million, total debt of $4.292 billion and net debt (defined as total debt, net of deferred financing costs, premiums and discounts, minus cash and equivalents) of $3.655 billion. Total debt includes $302 million of subsidiary debt acquired in our acquisition of Tempo Music Holdings, LLC (“Tempo”). The debt is secured only by certain music rights owned by Tempo and is nonrecourse to the Company and its subsidiaries, other than Tempo.

2


Cash provided by operating activities increased to $69 million in the quarter, compared to a use of $31 million in the prior-year quarter. The increase was largely a result of movements in deferred revenue due to timing of digital advances and other movements within working capital, including the timing of annual variable-compensation payments. Capital expenditures increased 38% to $36 million from $26 million in the prior-year quarter, driven by investments in technology. Free Cash Flow, as defined below, increased to $33 million from a use of $57 million in the prior-year quarter, primarily due to the factors affecting cash provided by operating activities described above.
3


Recorded Music
Recorded Music Summary Results
(dollars in millions)
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 % Change For the Six Months Ended March 31, 2025 For the Six Months Ended March 31, 2024 % Change
(unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited)
Revenue $ 1,175  $ 1,189  -1  % $ 2,520  $ 2,634  -4  %
Operating income 203  134  51  % 441  508  -13  %
Adjusted OIBDA(1)
270  272  -1  % 593  684  -13  %
 
(1) See "Supplemental Disclosures Regarding Non-GAAP Financial Measures" at the end of this release for details regarding this measure.

Recorded Music Revenue
(dollars in millions)
       
  For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 For the Six Months Ended March 31, 2025 For the Six Months Ended March 31, 2024 For the Six Months Ended March 31, 2024
  As reported As reported Constant As reported As reported Constant
  (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited)
Digital $ 841  $ 848  $ 831  $ 1,714  $ 1,756  $ 1,726 
Physical 112  111  110  278  265  263 
Total Digital and Physical 953  959  941  1,992  2,021  1,989 
Artist services and expanded-rights 117  126  124  313  330  326 
Licensing 105  104  102  215  283  281 
Total Recorded Music $ 1,175  $ 1,189  $ 1,167  $ 2,520  $ 2,634  $ 2,596 
Recorded Music revenue was down 1.2% (or up 0.7% in constant currency) driven by decreases across digital and artist services and expanded-rights revenue, partially offset by growth in physical and licensing revenue. Digital revenue was down 0.8% (or up 1.2% in constant currency) and streaming revenue was down 0.4% (or up 1.6% in constant currency). Streaming revenue reflects growth in subscription revenue of 1.1% (or 3.2% in constant currency), partially offset by a decline in ad-supported revenue of 4.7% (or 2.9% in constant currency). Streaming revenue was impacted by a challenging year-over-year comparison, largely in subscription streaming revenue, compounded by a lighter release slate and market share loss in China. The decrease in ad-supported revenue was driven by a soft overall ad environment. Licensing revenue increased 1.0% (or 2.9% in constant currency), driven by licensing deals primarily in Japan and the U.S., partially offset by the timing of copyright infringement settlements. Artist services and expanded-rights revenue decreased 7.1% (or 5.6% in constant currency) due to lower concert promotion revenue primarily in France, lower direct-to-consumer merchandising revenue at EMP, and a decrease in revenue related to winding down the Company’s owned and operated media properties in the prior-year quarter. Physical revenue increased 0.9% (or 1.8% in constant currency) driven by new releases in the quarter, primarily in the U.S. and Japan, partially offset by the impact of the BMG Termination. Top physical sellers in the quarter included Mac Miller’s Balloonerism and new releases from ONE OK ROCK and TWICE.

Recorded Music operating income increased 51.5% (or 57.4% in constant currency) to $203 million from $134 million in the prior-year quarter, and operating margin was up 6.0 percentage points to 17.3% versus 11.3% in the prior-year quarter. The increase in operating income was due to the factors affecting Adjusted OIBDA discussed below, as well as a decrease in restructuring and impairment charges of $75 million compared to the prior-year quarter, which includes severance costs and impairment losses related to the Strategic Restructuring Plan in both periods, partially offset by higher non-cash stock-based compensation and other related expenses of $3 million in the quarter and higher amortization expenses of $1 million in the quarter attributable to acquisitions of music-related assets.

4


Adjusted OIBDA decreased 0.7% (or increased 1.1% in constant currency) to $270 million from $272 million and Adjusted OIBDA margin increased 0.1 percentage point to 23.0% from 22.9% in the prior-year quarter (the same in constant currency). The increases in constant currency Adjusted OIBDA and in Adjusted OIBDA margin were primarily driven by savings from the Strategic Restructuring Plan, of which a portion has been reinvested in the Company’s business, partially offset by revenue mix.
5


Music Publishing
Music Publishing Summary Results
(dollars in millions)
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 % Change For the Six Months Ended March 31, 2025 For the Six Months Ended March 31, 2024 % Change
(unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited)
Revenue $ 310  $ 306  % $ 633  $ 610  %
Operating income 52  69  -25  % 107  132  -19  %
Adjusted OIBDA(1)
85  82  % 168  168  —  %
 
(1) See "Supplemental Disclosures Regarding Non-GAAP Financial Measures" at the end of this release for details regarding this measure.

Music Publishing Revenue
(dollars in millions)
       
  For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 For the Six Months Ended March 31, 2025 For the Six Months Ended March 31, 2024 For the Six Months Ended March 31, 2024
  As reported As reported Constant As reported As reported Constant
  (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited)
Performance $ 53  $ 52  $ 50  $ 109  $ 103  $ 100 
Digital 188  187  185  395  383  380 
Mechanical 16  15  14  30  30  29 
Synchronization 49  48  48  88  87  87 
Other 11 
Total Music Publishing $ 310  $ 306  $ 301  $ 633  $ 610  $ 603 

Music Publishing revenue increased 1.3% (or 3.0% in constant currency). The increase was driven by growth across digital, performance, synchronization and mechanical revenue. Digital revenue increased 0.5% (or 1.6% in constant currency) and streaming revenue was flat to the prior-year quarter (or increased 1.6% in constant currency), driven by the impact of digital deal renewals primarily in the U.S. Performance revenue increased 1.9% (or 6.0% in constant currency) attributable to growth from concerts, radio and live events primarily outside of the U.S. Synchronization revenue increased 2.1% (the same in constant currency) due to higher television and commercial licensing activity and the impact of acquisitions, partially offset by the timing of copyright infringement settlements. Mechanical revenue increased 6.7% (or 14.3% in constant currency), driven by higher physical sales in the quarter.

Music Publishing operating income decreased 24.6% (or 5.5% in constant currency) to $52 million from $69 million in the prior-year quarter and operating margin decreased 5.7 percentage points to 16.8% from 22.5% in the prior-year quarter. The decrease in operating income was driven by the same factors affecting Adjusted OIBDA discussed below, partially offset by the impact of a $14 million net gain on a divestiture of certain music publishing rights in the prior-year quarter and an increase in amortization expense of $4 million in the quarter related to various music publishing copyright acquisitions.

Music Publishing Adjusted OIBDA increased 3.7% (or 4.9% in constant currency) to $85 million from $82 million in the prior-year quarter. Adjusted OIBDA margin increased 0.6 percentage points to 27.4% from 26.8% in the prior-year quarter (or 0.5 percentage points to 27.4% from 26.9% in constant currency). The increases in Adjusted OIBDA and Adjusted OIBDA margin were primarily driven by revenue mix.

Financial details for the quarter can be found in the Company’s current Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2025, which will be filed this morning with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

This morning management will be hosting a conference call to discuss the results at 8:30 A.M. EST. The call will be webcast on www.wmg.com.
6


About Warner Music Group
With a legacy extending back over 200 years, Warner Music Group today is home to an unparalleled family of creative artists, songwriters, and companies that are moving culture across the globe. At the core of WMG’s Recorded Music division are four of the most iconic companies in history: Atlantic, Elektra, Parlophone and Warner Records. They are joined by renowned labels such as TenThousand Projects, 300 Entertainment, Asylum, Big Beat, Canvasback, East West, Erato, FFRR, Fueled by Ramen, Nonesuch, Reprise, Rhino, Roadrunner, Sire, Spinnin’ Records, Warner Classics and Warner Music Nashville. Warner Chappell Music - which traces its origins back to the founding of Chappell & Company in 1811 - is one of the world's leading music publishers, with a catalog of more than one million copyrights spanning every musical genre from the standards of the Great American Songbook to the biggest hits of the 21st century.

"Safe Harbor" Statement under Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995
This communication includes forward-looking statements that reflect the current views of Warner Music Group about future events and financial performance. Words such as "estimates," "expects," "anticipates," "projects," "plans," "intends," "believes," "forecasts" and variations of such words or similar expressions that predict or indicate future events or trends, or that do not relate to historical matters, identify forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are made as of today, and we disclaim any duty to update such statements. Our expectations, beliefs and projections are expressed in good faith and we believe there is a reasonable basis for them. However, we cannot assure you that management's expectations, beliefs and projections will result or be achieved. Investors should not rely on forward-looking statements because they are subject to a variety of risks, uncertainties, and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations. Please refer to our Form 10-K, Form 10-Qs and our other filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission concerning factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in our forward-looking statements.

We maintain an Internet site at www.wmg.com. We use our website as a channel of distribution for material company information. Financial and other material information regarding Warner Music Group is routinely posted on and accessible at http://investors.wmg.com. In addition, you may automatically receive email alerts and other information about Warner Music Group by enrolling your email address through the “email alerts” section at http://investors.wmg.com. Our website and the information posted on it or connected to it shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this communication.
7


Figure 1. Warner Music Group Corp. - Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 versus March 31, 2024
(dollars in millions)
       
  For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 % Change
  (unaudited) (unaudited)
Revenue $ 1,484  $ 1,494  -1  %
Cost and expenses:
Cost of revenue (791) (791) —  %
Selling, general and administrative expenses (450) (446) %
Restructuring and impairments (13) (95) -86  %
Amortization expense (62) (57) %
Total costs and expenses $ (1,316) $ (1,389) -5  %
Net gain on divestiture —  14  -100  %
Operating income $ 168  $ 119  41  %
Interest expense, net (39) (42) -7  %
Other (expense) income, net (64) 37  —  %
Income before income taxes $ 65  $ 114  -43  %
Income tax expense (29) (18) 61  %
Net income $ 36  $ 96  -63  %
Less: Income attributable to noncontrolling interest —  —  —  %
Net income attributable to Warner Music Group Corp.
$ 36  $ 96  -63  %
Net income per share attributable to common stockholders:
Class A – Basic and Diluted $ 0.07  $ 0.18 
Class B – Basic and Diluted $ 0.07  $ 0.18 
For the Six Months Ended March 31, 2025 For the Six Months Ended March 31, 2024 % Change
(unaudited) (unaudited)
Revenue $ 3,150  $ 3,242  -3  %
Cost and expenses:
Cost of revenue (1,685) (1,671) %
Selling, general and administrative expenses (924) (922) —  %
Restructuring and impairments (40) (95) -58  %
Amortization expense (119) (112) %
Total costs and expenses $ (2,768) $ (2,800) (1) %
Net gain on divestiture —  31  -100  %
Operating income $ 382  $ 473  -19  %
Loss on extinguishment of debt —  —  —  %
Interest expense, net (76) (81) -6  %
Other income (expense), net 89  (13) —  %
Income before income taxes $ 395  $ 379  %
Income tax expense (118) (90) 31  %
Net income $ 277  $ 289  -4  %
Less: Income attributable to noncontrolling interest (5) (34) -85  %
Net income attributable to Warner Music Group Corp. $ 272  $ 255  %
Net income per share attributable to common stockholders:
Class A – Basic and Diluted $ 0.52  $ 0.49 
Class B – Basic and Diluted $ 0.52  $ 0.49 
8


Figure 2. Warner Music Group Corp. - Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2025 versus September 30, 2024
(dollars in millions)
       
  March 31, 2025 September 30, 2024 % Change
  (unaudited)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and equivalents $ 637  $ 694  -8  %
Accounts receivable, net 1,218  1,255  -3  %
Inventories 88  99  -11  %
Royalty advances expected to be recouped within one year 509  470  %
Prepaid and other current assets 147  125  18  %
Total current assets $ 2,599  $ 2,643  -2  %
Royalty advances expected to be recouped after one year 945  874  %
Property, plant and equipment, net 503  481  %
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net 217  225  -4  %
Goodwill 2,031  2,021  —  %
Intangible assets subject to amortization, net 2,764  2,359  17  %
Intangible assets not subject to amortization 151  152  -1  %
Deferred tax assets, net 41  52  -21  %
Other assets 317  348  -9  %
Total assets $ 9,568  $ 9,155  %
Liabilities and Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable $ 347  $ 289  20  %
Accrued royalties 2,600  2,549  %
Accrued liabilities 475  641  -26  %
Accrued interest 35  17  —  %
Operating lease liabilities, current 47  45  %
Deferred revenue 319  246  30  %
Other current liabilities 93  110  -15  %
Total current liabilities $ 3,916  $ 3,897  —  %
Acquisition Corp. long-term debt 3,990  4,014  -1  %
Asset-based long-term debt 302  —  —  %
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent 216  228  -5  %
Deferred tax liabilities, net 214  195  10  %
Other noncurrent liabilities 140  146  -4  %
Total liabilities $ 8,778  $ 8,480  %
Equity:
Class A common stock $ —  $ —  —  %
Class B common stock —  %
Additional paid-in capital 2,088  2,077  %
Accumulated deficit (1,230) (1,313) -6  %
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net (292) (247) 18  %
Total Warner Music Group Corp. equity $ 567  $ 518  %
Noncontrolling interest 223  157  42  %
Total equity 790  675  17  %
Total liabilities and equity $ 9,568  $ 9,155  %
9


Figure 3. Warner Music Group Corp. - Summarized Statements of Cash Flows, Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 versus March 31, 2024
(dollars in millions)
     
  For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
  (unaudited) (unaudited)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities $ 69  $ (31)
Net cash used in investing activities (121) (33)
Net cash used in financing activities (121) (97)
Effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash and equivalents (6)
Net decrease in cash and equivalents $ (165) $ (167)
     

Figure 4. Warner Music Group Corp. - Digital Revenue Summary, Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 versus March 31, 2024
(dollars in millions)
     
  For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 % Change
  (unaudited) (unaudited)
Recorded Music
Subscription $ 622  $ 615  %
Ad-Supported 203  213  -5  %
Streaming $ 825  $ 828  —  %
Downloads and Other Digital 16  20  -20  %
Total Recorded Music Digital Revenue $ 841  $ 848  -1  %
   
Music Publishing
Streaming $ 185  $ 185  —  %
Downloads and Other Digital 50  %
Total Music Publishing Digital Revenue $ 188  $ 187  %
Consolidated
Streaming $ 1,010  $ 1,013  —  %
Downloads and Other Digital 19  22  -14  %
Intersegment Eliminations (2) —  —  %
Total Digital Revenue $ 1,027  $ 1,035  -1  %

Supplemental Disclosures Regarding Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We evaluate our operating performance based on several factors, including the following non-GAAP financial measure:

Adjusted OIBDA
We evaluate our operating performance based on several factors, including our primary financial measure of operating income (loss) before non-cash depreciation of tangible assets and non-cash amortization of intangible assets adjusted to exclude the impact of non-cash stock-based compensation and other related expenses and certain items that affect comparability including but not limited to gains or losses on divestitures and expenses related to restructuring and transformation initiatives (“Adjusted OIBDA”). We consider Adjusted OIBDA to be an important indicator of the operational strengths and performance of our businesses. However, a limitation of the use of Adjusted OIBDA as a performance measure is that it does not reflect the periodic costs of certain capitalized tangible and intangible assets used in generating revenues in our businesses. Accordingly, Adjusted OIBDA should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for, operating income (loss), net income (loss) attributable to Warner Music Group Corp. and other measures of financial performance reported in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). In addition, our definition of Adjusted OIBDA may differ from similarly titled measures used by other companies.
10


Figure 5. Warner Music Group Corp. - Reconciliation of Net Income to Adjusted OIBDA, Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 versus March 31, 2024
(dollars in millions)
       
  For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 % Change
  (unaudited) (unaudited)
Net income attributable to Warner Music Group Corp.
$ 36  $ 96  -63  %
Income attributable to noncontrolling interest —  —  —  %
Net income $ 36  $ 96  -63  %
Income tax expense 29  18  61  %
Income including income taxes $ 65  $ 114  -43  %
Other expense (income), net 64  (37) —  %
Interest expense, net 39  42  -7  %
Operating income $ 168  $ 119  41  %
Amortization expense 62  57  %
Depreciation expense 28  26  %
Restructuring and impairments 13  95  -86  %
Transformation initiative costs 18  19  -5  %
Net gain on divestitures —  (14) -100  %
Non-cash stock-based compensation and other related costs 14  10  40  %
Adjusted OIBDA $ 303  $ 312  -3  %
Operating income margin 11.3  % 8.0  %  
Adjusted OIBDA margin 20.4  % 20.9  %
     
  For the Six Months Ended March 31, 2025 For the Six Months Ended March 31, 2024 % Change
  (unaudited) (unaudited)
Net income attributable to Warner Music Group Corp.
$ 272  $ 255  %
Income attributable to noncontrolling interest 34  -85  %
Net income $ 277  $ 289  -4  %
Income tax expense 118  90  31  %
Income including income taxes $ 395  $ 379  %
Other (income) expense, net (89) 13  —  %
Interest expense, net 76  81  -6  %
Operating income $ 382  $ 473  -19  %
Amortization expense 119  112  %
Depreciation expense 57  52  10  %
OIBDA $ 558  $ 637  -12  %
Restructuring and impairments 40  95  -58  %
Transformation initiatives and other related costs 35  38  -8  %
Net gain on divestitures —  (31) -100  %
Non-cash stock-based compensation and other related costs 33  24  38  %
Adjusted OIBDA $ 666  $ 763  -13  %
Operating income margin 12.1  % 14.6  %  
Adjusted OIBDA margin 21.1  % 23.5  %
11


Figure 6. Warner Music Group Corp. - Reconciliation of Segment Operating Income to Adjusted OIBDA, Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 versus March 31, 2024
(dollars in millions)
       
  For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 % Change
  (unaudited) (unaudited)
Total WMG operating income – GAAP $ 168  $ 119  41  %
Depreciation and amortization expense (90) (83) %
Total WMG OIBDA $ 258  $ 202  28  %
Restructuring and impairments 13  95  -86  %
Transformation initiative costs 18  19  -5  %
Net gain on divestitures —  (14) -100  %
Non-cash stock-based compensation and other related costs 14  10  40  %
Total WMG Adjusted OIBDA $ 303  $ 312  -3  %
Total WMG Adjusted OIBDA margin 20.4  % 20.9  %
Recorded Music operating income – GAAP $ 203  $ 134  51  %
Depreciation and amortization expense (46) (45) %
Recorded Music OIBDA $ 249  $ 179  39  %
Restructuring and impairments 13  88  -85  %
Non-cash stock-based compensation and other related costs $ $ 60  %
Recorded Music Adjusted OIBDA $ 270  $ 272  -1  %
Recorded Music Adjusted OIBDA margin 23.0  % 22.9  %
Music Publishing operating income – GAAP $ 52  $ 69  -25  %
Depreciation and amortization expense (31) (26) 19  %
Music Publishing OIBDA $ 83  $ 95  -13  %
Net gain on divestitures —  (14) -100  %
Non-cash stock-based compensation and other related costs 100  %
Music Publishing Adjusted OIBDA $ 85  $ 82  %
Music Publishing Adjusted OIBDA margin 27.4  % 26.8  %
       
  For the Six Months Ended March 31, 2025 For the Six Months Ended March 31, 2024 % Change
  (unaudited) (unaudited)
Total WMG operating income – GAAP $ 382  $ 473  -19  %
Depreciation and amortization expense (176) (164) %
Total WMG OIBDA $ 558  $ 637  -12  %
Restructuring and impairments 40  95  -58  %
Transformation initiatives and other related costs 35  38  -8  %
Net gain on divestitures —  (31) -100  %
Non-cash stock-based compensation and other related costs 33  24  38  %
Total WMG Adjusted OIBDA $ 666  $ 763  -13  %
Total WMG Adjusted OIBDA margin 21.1  % 23.5  %
Recorded Music operating income – GAAP $ 441  $ 508  -13  %
Depreciation and amortization expense (91) (92) -1  %
Recorded Music OIBDA $ 532  $ 600  -11  %
Restructuring and impairment 41  88  -53  %
Net gain on divestitures —  (17) -100  %
Non-cash stock-based compensation and other related costs 20  13  54  %
Recorded Music Adjusted OIBDA $ 593  $ 684  -13  %
Recorded Music Adjusted OIBDA margin 23.5  % 26.0  %
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Music Publishing operating income – GAAP $ 107  $ 132  -19  %
Depreciation and amortization expense (58) (48) 21  %
Music Publishing OIBDA $ 165  $ 180  -8  %
Net gain on divestitures —  (14) -100  %
Non-cash stock-based compensation and other related costs 50  %
Music Publishing Adjusted OIBDA $ 168  $ 168  —  %
Music Publishing Adjusted OIBDA margin 26.5  % 27.5  %  

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Constant Currency
As exchange rates are an important factor in understanding period-to-period comparisons, we believe the presentation of revenue and Adjusted OIBDA on a constant-currency basis in addition to reported results helps improve the ability to understand our operating results and evaluate our performance in comparison to prior periods. Constant-currency information compares revenue and Adjusted OIBDA between periods as if exchange rates had remained constant period over period. We use revenue and Adjusted OIBDA on a constant-currency basis as one measure to evaluate our performance. We calculate constant-currency by calculating prior-year revenue and Adjusted OIBDA using current-year foreign currency exchange rates. Revenue and Adjusted OIBDA on a constant-currency basis should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for, revenue and Adjusted OIBDA reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Revenue and Adjusted OIBDA on a constant-currency basis, as we present them, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies and are not a measure of performance presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Figure 7. Warner Music Group Corp. - Revenue by Geography and Segment, Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 versus March 31, 2024 As Reported and Constant Currency
(dollars in millions)
       
  For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 % Change
  As reported As reported Constant Constant
  (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited)
U.S. revenue      
Recorded Music $ 497  $ 508  $ 508  -2  %
Music Publishing 161  170  170  -5  %
International revenue
Recorded Music $ 678  $ 681  $ 659  %
Music Publishing 149  136  131  14  %
Intersegment eliminations (1) (1) (1) —  %
Total Revenue $ 1,484  $ 1,494  $ 1,467  %
       
Revenue by Segment:      
Recorded Music      
Digital $ 841  $ 848  $ 831  %
Physical 112  111  110  %
Total Digital and Physical $ 953  $ 959  $ 941  %
Artist services and expanded-rights 117  126  124  -6  %
Licensing 105  104  102  %
Total Recorded Music $ 1,175  $ 1,189  $ 1,167  %
Music Publishing      
Performance $ 53  $ 52  $ 50  %
Digital 188  187  185  %
Mechanical 16  15  14  14  %
Synchronization 49  48  48  %
Other —  %
Total Music Publishing $ 310  $ 306  $ 301  %
Intersegment eliminations (1) (1) (1) —  %
Total Revenue $ 1,484  $ 1,494  $ 1,467  %
       
For the Six Months Ended March 31, 2025 For the Six Months Ended March 31, 2024 For the Six Months Ended March 31, 2024 % Change
As reported As reported Constant Constant
(unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited)
U.S. revenue
Recorded Music $ 1,029  $ 1,135  $ 1,135  (9) %
Music Publishing 334  342  342  (2) %
International revenue
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Recorded Music $ 1,491  $ 1,499  $ 1,461  %
Music Publishing 299  268  261  15  %
Intersegment eliminations (3) (2) (3) —  %
Total Revenue $ 3,150  $ 3,242  $ 3,196  (1) %
Revenue by Segment:
Recorded Music
Digital $ 1,714  $ 1,756  $ 1,726  (1) %
Physical 278  265  263  %
Total Digital and Physical $ 1,992  $ 2,021  $ 1,989  —  %
Artist services and expanded-rights 313  330  326  (4) %
Licensing 215  283  281  (23) %
Total Recorded Music $ 2,520  $ 2,634  $ 2,596  (3) %
Music Publishing
Performance $ 109  $ 103  $ 100  %
Digital 395  383  380  %
Mechanical 30  30  29  %
Synchronization 88  87  87  %
Other 11  57  %
Total Music Publishing $ 633  $ 610  $ 603  %
Intersegment eliminations (3) (2) (3) —  %
Total Revenue $ 3,150  $ 3,242  $ 3,196  (1) %

Figure 8. Warner Music Group Corp. - Adjusted OIBDA by Segment, Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 versus March 31, 2024 As Reported and Constant Currency
(dollars in millions)
       
  For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Change %
  As reported As reported Constant Constant
  (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited)
Total WMG Adjusted OIBDA $ 303  $ 312  $ 306  -1.0  %
Adjusted OIBDA margin 20.4  % 20.9  % 20.9  %
Recorded Music Adjusted OIBDA $ 270  $ 272  $ 267  1.1  %
Recorded Music Adjusted OIBDA margin 23.0  % 22.9  % 22.9  %
Music Publishing Adjusted OIBDA $ 85  $ 82  $ 81  4.9  %
Music Publishing Adjusted OIBDA margin 27.4  % 26.8  % 26.9  %
Free Cash Flow
Our definition of Free Cash Flow is defined as cash flow provided by operating activities less capital expenditures. We use Free Cash Flow, among other measures, to evaluate our operating performance. Management believes Free Cash Flow provides investors with an important perspective on the cash available to fund our debt service requirements, ongoing working capital requirements, capital expenditure requirements, strategic acquisitions and investments, and any dividends, prepayments of debt or repurchases or retirement of our outstanding debt or notes in open market purchases, privately negotiated purchases, any repurchases of our common stock or otherwise. As a result, Free Cash Flow is a significant measure of our ability to generate long-term value. It is useful for investors to know whether this ability is being enhanced or degraded as a result of our operating performance. We believe the presentation of Free Cash Flow is relevant and useful for investors because it allows investors to view performance in a manner similar to the method management uses.

Free Cash Flow is not a measure of performance calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP and therefore it should not be considered in isolation of, or as a substitute for, net income (loss) as an indicator of operating performance or cash flow provided by operating activities as a measure of liquidity. Free Cash Flow, as we calculate it, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures employed by other companies.
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In addition, Free Cash Flow does not necessarily represent funds available for discretionary use and is not necessarily a measure of our ability to fund our cash needs. Because Free Cash Flow deducts capital expenditures from “net cash provided by operating activities” (the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure), users of this information should consider the types of events and transactions that are not reflected. We provide below a reconciliation of Free Cash Flow to the most directly comparable amount reported under U.S. GAAP, which is “net cash provided by operating activities.”

Figure 9. Warner Music Group Corp. - Calculation of Free Cash Flow, Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 versus March 31, 2024
(dollars in millions)
     
  For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
  (unaudited) (unaudited)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities $ 69  $ (31)
Less: Capital expenditures 36  26 
Free Cash Flow $ 33  $ (57)
     
  For the Six Months Ended March 31, 2025 For the Six Months Ended March 31, 2024
  (unaudited) (unaudited)
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 401  $ 262 
Less: Capital expenditures 72  55 
Free Cash Flow $ 329  $ 207 







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Media Contact: Investor Contact:
James Steven Kareem Chin
(212) 275-2213
James.Steven@wmg.com Investor.Relations@wmg.com

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