UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 6-K

REPORT OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER
PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-16 OR 15d-16
UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of Report: May 5, 2025

Commission File Number: 001-39570

TIM S.A.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)

João Cabral de Melo Neto Avenue, 850 – North Tower – 12th floor
22775-057 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
(Address of principal executive office)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F.

Form 20-F ☒ Form 40-F ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1).

Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7).

Yes ☐ No ☒

TIM S.A.

QUARTERLY INFORMATION

March 31, 2025

TIM S.A.

QUARTERLY INFORMATION

March 31, 2025

Contents

Independent auditor’s report on the quarterly information

Independent auditor’s report on the quarterly information

Notes are an integral part of the quarterly information.

See the accompanying notes to the quarterly information.

See the accompanying notes to the quarterly information.

See the accompanying notes to the quarterly information.

See the accompanying notes to the quarterly information.

See the accompanying notes to the quarterly information.

See the accompanying notes to the quarterly information.

Explanatory notes are an integral part of the quarterly information

RECENT AND SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

Operational Revenue

Consistent revenue growth supported by the mobile segment

Total Net Revenue grew 4.9% YoY in 1Q25, driven mainly by the positive performance of Mobile Service Revenue, supported by Postpaid strong performance. Service Revenue increased by 5.6% YoY.

Details of the Mobile Segment (net of taxes and deductions):

The Mobile Service Revenue ("MSR") saw a YoY increase of 6.2% in 1Q25, driven by another double-digit growth in Postpaid as TIM continues to consolidate the best value proposition for its customers supported by its strategic pillars. This led the Mobile ARPU (average monthly revenue per user) to reach R$ 31.9, the highest level ever recorded for a first quarter, with a YoY growth of 5.0%.

The Client Generated Revenue ("CGR"), which represents the MSR after excluding interconnection, customer platform, and other revenues, reached R$ 5,542 million in 1Q25, an increase of 6.8% YoY, driven by the strong performance of postpaid client generated revenue.

The Interconnection Revenue (ITX) fell by 11.5% YoY in 1Q25, following the reduction in incoming traffic.

Customer Platform Revenue reached R$ 22 million in 1Q25 compared to R$ 31 million in 1Q24. This variation was primarily due to the reduction in financial service revenue amid the termination of the partnership with C6 Bank.

The Other Revenue line grew 5.3% YoY in 1Q25, due to an increase in revenues from IoT projects.

Below is the breakdown of the performance of each mobile customer profile:

Postpaid Revenue expanded by 13.9% YoY in 1Q25, with Postpaid ARPU reaching R$ 43.8 (+4.0% YoY), and Postpaid ex-M2M ARPU reaching R$ 54.3, increasing by 6.5% YoY. This result reflects the Company's focus on monetizing its base through mechanisms of migration to higher-value plans (in 1Q25, the migration from Control to Pure Postpaid plans expanded by 20.3% YoY), by maintaining low churn rates (0.8% in postpaid customers ex-M2M), and by the impact of annual price adjustments for part of the customer base, which began in March.

Prepaid Revenue fell by 10.9% YoY in 1Q25, with Prepaid ARPU reaching R$ 13.8 (-5.5% YoY). This reduction is explained by the greater migration of prepaid customers to Control plans and a decrease in the frequency of recharges.

Details of the Fixed Segment (net of taxes and deductions):

Fixed Service Revenue recorded a decline of 4.1% YoY in 1Q25. TIM Ultrafibra, the main line of the segment, saw a decrease of 4.5% YoY in 1Q25, with ARPU reaching R$ 93.2 (-2.7% YoY), mainly impacted by: (i) a more competitive price environment; and (ii) a more selective approach focusing on operational optimization and efficiency.

Breakdown of Product Revenue (net of taxes and deductions):

The Product Revenue saw a decline of 17.6% YoY in 1Q25. The performance was mainly affected by: (i) a more comparable base effect in 1Q25, as sales of B2B IoT products and accessories began in the last quarter of 2023; and (ii) a seasonal effect in the sale of devices.

Operational Costs and Expenses

The continuous pursuit of efficiency translates into a deceleration of cost growth

* Operation Costs normalized for: costs with legal consultancy services related to the end of the dispute with C6 (+R$ 19.0 million in 1Q25) and expenses related to the price adjustment in the I-Systems sales contract (+R$ 10.0 million in 4Q24).

Normalized Operating Costs and Expenses totaled R$ 3,310 million in 1Q25, an annual increase of 3.3%. This yearly increase reflects the still significant impact of network and interconnection expenses, largely affected by the effects of international roaming and content providers. Nevertheless, this increase was lower than the inflation recorded in the period (IPCA accumulated over the 12 months ending in March 2025: 5.48%[1]).

Breakdown of Normalized Costs and Expenses:

Personnel costs saw a decline of 1.7% YoY in 1Q25, mainly due to lower level of provisions for variable compensation tied to employee participation in the Company's results.

The Selling and Marketing line saw a reduction of 1.8% YoY in 1Q25, mainly explained by lower expenses with Fistel fees.

Network and Interconnection expenses increased by 16.5% YoY in 1Q25, mostly impacted by higher expenses with international roaming services, reflecting an increase in traffic volume, and greater spending on content providers due to the ongoing development of offerings.

[1] Source: IBGE

Normalized General and Administrative (G&A) expenses decreased4F[2] by 4.2% YoY in 1Q25, due to lower spending on legal services.

The Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) fell by 15.7% YoY in 1Q25, in line with the reduction in product sales during the period.

The Bad Debt line increased by 9.9% YoY in 1Q25, as a result of greater exposure due to the growing postpaid base (almost 10% higher compared to the same period last year). Even so, the bad debt on gross revenue ratio remains at a healthy level of 1.9% (vs. 1.9% in 1Q24).

Other Normalized F[3] Operational Expenses (Revenues) fell by 29.0% YoY in 1Q25, mainly due to a lower level of provisions for fiscal contingencies.

[2] The General and Administrative Expenses line had a non-recurring impact of R$ 19.0 million in 1Q25, referring to the costs of legal consultancy services in the context of closing the dispute with C6.

[3] The Other Operating Expenses (Income) line had a non-recurring impact of R$ 10.0 million in 4Q24, referring to expenses linked to the price adjustment in the I-Systems sale contract.

From EBITDA to Net Income

Efficient operational execution fosters consistent EBITDA growth with margin expansion

* Normalized EBITDA according to items described in the Costs section (+R$ 19.0 million in 1Q25 and +R$ 10.0 million in 4Q24). Normalized Net Income according to items described in the Costs section and to non-recurring effects in Income Tax and Social Contribution (-R$ 6.5 million in 1Q25 and -R$ 3.4 million in 4Q24).

EBITDA6F[4] (Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, Amortization and Equity in Earnings)

Normalized EBITDA totaled R$ 3,084 million in 1Q25, representing a 6.7% YoY increase. This led the Normalized EBITDA Margin to reach 48.2%, the best result for a years’ first quarter, representing an expansion of 0.8 p.p. YoY. This result reflects the consistent growth in mobile service revenue and continuous cost control.

EBITDA After Leases (AL)

Returning with the effects of leases into EBITDA, Normalized EBITDA-AL (After Lease), excluding the impact of fines applied in sites decommissioning, showed a 6.5% YoY growth in 1Q25, with a Margin of 36.6%, +0.5 p.p. YoY. This result reflects the solid evolution of EBITDA, although impacted by the combination of: (i) annual adjustment on lease contracts; and (ii) a lower level of contractual incentives.

[4] Normalized EBITDA as per items described in the 'Costs' section.

Depreciation and Amortization (D&A)

The D&A line showed a 0.5% YoY decrease in 1Q25, as a result of the reduction in depreciation on lease rights under IFRS 16, partially offset by higher depreciation related to infrastructure equipment.

Net Financial Results

Net Financial Result was negative by R$ 598 million in 1Q25, a worsening of 14.0% YoY vs. 1Q24. This result is explained by the adjustment regarding the C6 value, due to the difference between the recognized value and the asset value established in the agreement, and by a higher level of interest on leases, due to the contracts adjustment and a lower level of cancellations. These effects were partially offset by: (i) higher cash profitability, due to a higher Selic rate and a higher average cash level; and (ii) lower interest related to debt, due to a reduction in the level of indebtedness.

Income Tax and Social Contribution

In the Normalized[5] view, Income Tax and Social Contribution ("IR/CS") totaled R$ 97 million in 1Q25 compared to -R$ 69 million in 1Q24, leading to an effective rate of 13.7% vs. -11.7% in the first quarter of 2024. The variation is mainly explained by the deliberation of Interest on Capital, which totaled R$ 690 million in 1Q25, compared to R$ 200 million in 1Q24. However, other effects also contributed, such as the increase in the SUDAM/SUDENE benefit and the effect of the agreement with C6.

Net Income

Normalized0F[6] Net Income totaled R$ 810 million in 1Q25, representing the 8th consecutive quarter of double-digit annual growth, +56.0% YoY. This robust result represents another record: the highest level of net income ever recorded by the Company in a first quarter. This led Normalized Earnings per Share (EPS) to R$ 0.33 vs. R$ 0.21 in 1Q24.

INVESTIMENTS AND CASH FLOW

Capex

The strategic allocation of investments contributes to healthy cash generation

Capex reached R$ 1,339 million in 1Q25, a 1.1% YoY reduction, maintaining the expected seasonality and, therefore, the Capex projection for the year remains unchanged. In 2025, investments were more concentrated in network with the modernization of São Paulo's infrastructure, while in 2024 they were more focused on IT, due to an accelerated expansion of digitalization initiatives, which had positive effects later, especially in improving customer service indicators. The Capex over Net Revenue ratio reached 20.9% in 1Q25 vs. 22.2% in 1Q24, a reduction of 1.3 p.p. YoY.

[5] The Income Tax and Social Contribution line had non-recurring effects amounting to -R$ 6.5 million in 1Q25 and -R$ 3.4 million in 4Q24.

[6] Net Income Normalized by items described in the 'From EBITDA to Net Income' section.

Cash Flow

* The variation in Working Capital and Income Tax excludes the impacts related to EXA in 4Q24.

** Incentives over payment of leases were recognized in line with the agreed contractual conditions, reducing the amount disbursed during the period (+R$ 3.8 million in 1Q25, +R$ 9.9 million in 4Q24, +R$ 14.1 million in 3Q24, +R$ 31.6 million in 2Q24, and +R$ 33.9 million in 1Q24).

Normalized EBITDA (-) Capex reached R$ 1,745 million in 1Q25, an increase of 13.6% YoY. Excluding the effects of leases, Normalized EBITDA-AL[7] (-) Capex totaled R$ 1,001 million in the period, showing a double-digit growth (+18.7% YoY) with a margin of 15.7%.

The Operating Free Cash Flow (“OpFCF”) totaled R$ 294 million in 1Q25, an improvement of R$ 729 million YoY. The expansion reflects the evolution of the operating cash flow, driven by the increase in EBITDA and a less negative variation in working capital, due to improvements in inventory and supplier lines, mainly due to the reduction of international roaming line. Additionally, there was an improvement in the lines of taxes, fees, and contributions, as well as in accounts receivable from customers, which showed a less impactful seasonal effect compared to 1Q24.

[7] EBITDA-AL normalized according to the items described in the section “From EBITDA to Net Income” and excluding the impact of sites decommissioning fines. For more details, see Exhibit 4 - EBITDA After Lease.

Cash Position

Cash and Securities positions totaled R$ 5,327 million at the end of March 2025, representing an increase of 58.0% YoY, reflecting the Company's operational improvement.

It is also worth noting that the full payment of the TFF (Operating Inspection Fee), which is part of the Fistel fee, has been suspended since 2020. The total amount recorded until March 31, 2025, was R$ 3.6 billion, with R$ 2.8 billion as principal and R$ 806 million as accrued interest.

DEBT

Debt Profile

Total Debt (post-hedge), including net derivatives amounting R$ 152 million, totaled R$ 16,377 million at the end of March 2025, representing an increase of R$ 63 million compared to 1Q24. The increase mainly reflects the rise in the total lease position, although partially offset by a reduction in financial debt.

OPERATIONAL INDICATORS

* Data published by Anatel as of February 2025.

ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND GOVERNANCE

ESG Highlights for 1Q25

Environmental

Social

Governance

To access the quarterly ESG report, please visit: Quarterly ESG Report

Disclaimer

The consolidated financial and operating information disclosed in this document, except where otherwise indicated, is presented in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and in Brazilian Reais (R$), in compliance with the Brazilian Corporate Law (Law 6,404/76). Comparisons refer to the first quarter of 2025 (“1Q25”), except when otherwise indicated.

This document may contain forward-looking statements. Such statements are not statements of historical fact and reflect the beliefs and expectations of the Company's management. The words “anticipates”, “believes”, “estimates”, “expects”, “forecasts”, “plans”, “predicts”, “projects”, “targets” and similar words are intended to identify these statements, which necessarily involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties foreseen, or not, by the Company. Therefore, the Company’s future operating results may differ from current expectations and readers of this report should not base their assumptions exclusively on the information given herein. Forward-looking statements only reflect opinions on the date on which they are made and the Company is not obliged to update them in light of new information or future developments.

1.1. Corporate Structure

TIM S.A. (“TIM” or “Company”) is a public limited company with Registered office in the city of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, and a subsidiary of TIM Brasil Serviços e Participações S.A. (“TIM Brasil”). TIM Brasil is a subsidiary of the Telecom Italia Group that holds 66.59% of the share capital of TIM S.A on March 31, 2025 (66.59% on December 31, 2024).

The TIM group (“Group”) comprises TIM and its associated company I-Systems.

The Company holds an authorization for Landline Switched Telephone Service (“STFC”) in Local, National Long-Distance and International Long-Distance modes, as well as Personal Mobile Service (“SMP”) and Multimedia Communication Service (“SCM”), in all Brazilian states and in the Federal District.

The Company’s shares are traded on B3 – Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão (“B3”). Additionally, TIM has American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), Level II, traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) – USA. As a result, the company is subject to the rules of the Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission (“CVM”) and the Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In order to comply with good market practices, the company adopts as a principle the simultaneous disclosure of its financial information in both markets, in reais, in Portuguese and English.

On March 31, 2025, TIM holds a 49% equity interest (49% on December 31, 2024) in the company I-Systems (associated company).

The quarterly information were prepared and are being presented according to the accounting practices adopted in Brazil, which comprise the CVM standards and pronouncements, guidance and interpretations issued by the Accounting Pronouncement Committee (“CPC”) and in compliance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), currently named “IFRS Accounting Standards” by the IFRS Foundation.

Additionally, the Company considered the guidelines provided for in Technical Guideline OCPC 07 - Evidencing upon Disclosure of General Purpose Financial-Accounting Reports in the preparation of its quarterly information. Accordingly, relevant information of the quarterly information is being evidenced and corresponds to the information used by management when administrating.

The material accounting policies applied in the preparation of this quarterly information are below and/or presented in its respective notes. These policies were applied consistently over the periods presented.

The quarterly information was prepared considering the historical cost as value basis, except regarding the derivative financial instruments that were measured at fair value.

Assets and liabilities are classified according to their degree of liquidity and collectability. They are reported as current when they are likely to be realized or settled over the next 12 months. Otherwise, they are stated as non-current. The exception to this procedure involves deferred income tax and social contribution balances (assets and liabilities) and provision for lawsuits and administrative proceedings that are fully classified as non-current.

On March 31, 2025, the Company reported a net profit of R$ 797,622. The Company’s current liabilities exceeded total current assets by R$ 1,770,848. The Company believes that there is a seasonal decrease in operating cash flow at the beginning of the year due to the payment of obligations and regulatory fees. On March 31, 2025, the Company’s shareholders’ equity is positive by R$ 24,455,547.

In connection with the preparation of this quarterly information, Company’s Management made analyses which confirms that the cash generated by operations up to March 31, 2025 is positive by R$ 2.5 billion; therefore, there is no evidence of uncertainties about the going concern.

The presentation of the Statement of Value Added is required by Brazilian corporate law and the accounting practices adopted in Brazil applicable to publicly-held companies. The DVA was prepared according to the criteria set forth in CPC Technical Pronouncement No. 09 - “Statement of Value Added”. The IFRS do not require the presentation of this statement. Consequently, according to IFRS, this statement is presented as supplementary information, without prejudice to the set of quarterly information.

Interests paid from loans and financing are classified as financing cash flow in the statement of cash flow as it represents costs of obtaining financial resources.

The currency of presentation of the quarterly information is the Real (R$), which is also the functional currency of the Company and its associated company.

Transactions in foreign currency are recognized by the exchange rate on the date of transaction. Monetary items in foreign currency are translated into Brazilian reais at the foreign exchange rate prevailing on the balance sheet date, informed by the Central Bank of Brazil. Foreign exchange gains and losses linked to these items are recorded in the statement of income.

Operating segments are components of the entity that carry out business activities from which revenues can be obtained and expenses incurred. Its operating results are regularly reviewed by the entity's main operations manager, who makes decisions on resource allocation and evaluates segment performance. For the segment to exist, individualized financial information is required.

The main operational decision maker in the Company, responsible for the allocation of resources and periodically evaluating performance, is the Executive Board, which, along with the Board of Directors, are responsible for making the strategic decisions of the company and its management.

The Group’s strategy is focused on optimizing results, and all the operating activities of the group are concentrated in TIM S.A. Although there are diverse activities, decision makers understand that the company represents only one business segment and do not contemplate specific strategies focused only on one service line. All decisions regarding strategic, financial planning, purchases, investments and investment of resources are made on a consolidated basis. The aim is to maximize the result obtained by operating the SMP, STFC and SCM licenses.

Business combinations are accounted for under the acquisition method. The cost of an acquisition is measured for the consideration amount transferred, which is valuated on fair value basis on the acquisition date, including the value of any non-controlling interest in the acquiree, regardless of their proportion. For each business combination the Acquirer must measure the non-controlling interest in the acquiree at the fair value or based on its interest in the net assets identified in the acquiree. Costs directly attributable to the acquisition are accounted for as expense when incurred.

The purchase accounting method is used to record the acquisition of subsidiaries by the Group. The acquisition cost is measured as the fair value of the assets acquired, equity instruments (i.e.: shares) and liabilities incurred or assumed by the acquirer on the date of the change of control. Identifiable assets acquired, contingencies and liabilities assumed in a business combination are initially measured at their fair value on the acquisition date, regardless of the proportion of any non-controlling interest. The portion exceeding the transferred consideration of the Company's interest in the acquired identifiable net assets, is recorded as goodwill. Should the consideration transferred be less than the fair value of the net assets of the acquired subsidiary, the difference is recognized directly in the statement of income as a gain from bargain purchase once concepts and calculations applied are reviewed.

On acquiring a business, the Group assesses the financial assets and liabilities assumed in order to rate and to allocate them in accordance with contractual terms, economic circumstances and pertinent conditions on the acquisition date, which includes segregation by the acquired entity of built-in derivatives existing in the acquired entity’s host contracts.

Any contingent payments to be transferred by the acquiree will be recognized at fair value on the acquisition date. Subsequent changes to the fair value of the contingent consideration which is deemed to be an asset or liability should be recognized in accordance with CPC 48 in the statement of income.

Initially, goodwill is initially measured as being the excess of consideration transferred in relation to net assets acquired (acquired identifiable assets and assumed liabilities) measured at fair value on acquisition date. If consideration is lower than fair value of net assets acquired, the difference must be recognized as gain in bargain purchase in the statement of income on the acquisition date.

After initial recognition, the goodwill is carried at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. For impairment testing purposes, goodwill acquired in a business combination is, from the acquisition date, allocated to each cash-generating units of the Group that are expected to benefit by the synergies of combination, regardless of other assets or liabilities of the acquiree being allocated to those units.

When the goodwill is part of a cash generating unit and a portion of this unit is disposed of, the premium associated with the disposed portion should be included in the cost of the operation when calculating gains or losses in the disposal. The goodwill disposed under these circumstances of this operation is determined based on the proportional values of the portion disposed of, in relation to the cash generating unit maintained.

This quarterly information was approved by the Company's Board of Directors on May 05, 2025.

g.1 The following new standards/amendments were issued by the Accounting Pronouncement Committee (“CPC”) and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), are effective for the period ended March 31, 2025.

IAS 21 – Effects of changes in exchange rates and translation of financial statements

In March 2024, the IASB issued an amendment regarding Lack of Exchangeability, seeking to define the concept of convertible currency and provide guidance on procedures for non-convertible currencies, determining that convertibility should be assessed at the measurement date based on the purpose of the transaction. If the currency is not convertible, the entity must estimate the exchange rate that reflects market conditions. In situations with multiple rates, the one that best represents the settlement of the cash flows should be used.

The pronouncement also highlights the importance of disclosures about non-convertible currencies, so that users of the financial statements understand the financial impacts, risks involved and criteria used in estimating the exchange rate.

The amendments are effective for financial statement periods starting on or after January 1, 2025.

The Company assessed and did not identify any material impact on the Company’s quarterly information.

CPC 18 (R3) - Investment in associated company, subsidiary and joint venture

In September 2024, the Accounting Pronouncements Committee (CPC) amended Technical Pronouncement CPC 18 (R3) to align Brazilian accounting standards with the IASB’s international standards.

CPC 18 currently allows the equity method (MEP) in the measurement of investments in subsidiaries in the Separate Financial Statements, following changes in international standards. This convergence harmonizes the accounting practices adopted in Brazil with the international ones, without generating material impacts, only editorial and normative adjustments.

The amendments are effective for financial statement periods starting on or after January 1, 2025.

The Company assessed and did not identify any material impact on the Company’s quarterly information.

g.2 the following new standards were issued by Comitê de Pronunciamentos Contábeis [Accounting pronouncements committee] (CPC) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), but are not in effect for the period ended on March 31, 2025. The Company intends to adopt these new and amended standards and interpretations, if applicable, when they come into force.

IFRS 18: Presentation and disclosure of financial statements

In April 2024, the IASB issued IFRS 18, which replaces IAS 1 (equivalent to CPC 26 (R1) - Presentation of Financial Statements. IFRS 18 introduces new requirements for presentation within the statement of income, including specified totals and subtotals. Moreover+, entities are required to classify all income and expenses within the statement of income in one of five categories: operating, investment, financing, income taxes and discontinued operations, of which the first three are new.

The standard also requires the disclosure of performance measures defined by management, subtotals of income and expenses, and includes new requirements for the aggregation and disaggregation of financial information based on the identified “functions” of the primary financial statements (PFS) and notes.

Furthermore, restricted scope amendments were made to IAS 7 (equivalent to CPC 03 (R2) - Statement of Cash Flows), which include changing the starting point for determining cash flows from operations using the indirect method, from “income or loss for the period” to “operating income +r loss” and removing the option to classify cash flows from dividends and interest. In addition, there are consequent amendments in several other standards.

IFRS 18 and the amendments to the other standards will come into force for reporting periods beginning on or after January 01, 2027, with early adoption permitted, and must be disclosed, although in Brazil early adoption is not allowed. IFRS 18 will be applied retrospectively.

The Company is currently working to identify all the impacts that the changes will have on the primary financial statements and notes to the financial statements.

IFRS 19: Subsidiaries without Public Liability: Disclosures

In May 2024, the IASB issued IFRS 19, which allows eligible entities to opt to apply its reduced disclosure requirements while still applying the recognition, measurement and presentation requirements in other IFRS accounting standards. To be eligible, at the end of the reporting period, an entity must be a subsidiary, as defined in IFRS 10 (CPC 36 (R3) – Consolidated Statements), must not have public accountability and must have a parent company (ultimate or intermediate) that prepares consolidated financial statements, available for public use, that comply with IFRS accounting standards.

IFRS 19 will come into force for reporting periods beginning on or after January 01, 2027, with early adoption permitted.

As the Company’s equity instruments are publicly traded, it is not eligible to apply IFRS 19.

Amendment to IFRS 9 – Disclosure of quantitative information for contractual terms

In May 2024, the IASB issued amendments to IFRS 9 related to financial assets, establishing that entities must disclose quantitative information, such as a range of possible changes in contractual cash flows. This means that entities need to provide both qualitative and quantitative information about the contractual terms that may impact the value of said cash flows. For example, possible changes in contractual interest rates arising from contingent events associated with ESG (environmental, social and governance) targets must be disclosed.

The amendments are effective for financial statement periods starting on or after January 1, 2026.

The Company is assessing the impacts to ensure that all information complies with the standard.

IFRS Accounting Standard for SMEs (Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises)

In February 2025, the IASB issued a significant update to the IFRS Accounting Standard for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs).

The update is the result of a comprehensive periodic review of the standard and includes improvements to the revenue recognition model, the consolidation of fair value measurement requirements in a single location, as well as updating the requirements for business combinations, consolidations and financial instruments.

This update will help improve the quality of the information provided to users of SME financial statements, while maintaining the simplicity of the Standard.

The amendments are effective for financial statement periods starting on or after January 1, 2027.

The Company has assessed that this update is not applicable, since it is a large public traded company and is therefore subject to the full adoption of the international accounting standards (IFRS) issued by the IASB.

Accounting estimates and judgments are continuously assessed based on the Company's historical experience and on other factors, such as expectations of future events, considering the circumstances present on the base date of quarterly information.

By definition, resulting accounting estimates are seldom equal to the respective taxable income. The estimates and assumptions that present a significant risk, with the probability of causing a material adjustment to the book values of assets and liabilities for the fiscal period, are covered below.

(a)       Provision for legal and tax administrative proceedings

The legal and tax administrative proceedings are analyzed by the Management along with its legal advisors (internal and external). The Company considers factors in its analysis such as hierarchy of laws, precedents available, recent court judgments, their relevance in the legal system and payment history. These assessments involve Management’s judgment (note 24).

(b)       Fair value of derivatives and other financial instruments

The financial instruments presented in the balance sheet at fair value are measured using valuation techniques that consider observable data or observable data derived from market (Note 36).

(c)       Unbilled revenues

Since some cut dates for billing occur at intermediate dates within the months of the year, as the end of each month there are revenues earned by the Company, but not actually invoiced to its customers. These unbilled revenues are recorded based on estimate that takes into consideration historical consumption data, number of days elapsed since the last billing date, among others (note 27).

(d)       Leases

The Company has a significant number of the lease contracts in which it acts a lessee (Note 18), and with the adoption of the accounting standard IFRS 16 / CPC 06 (R2) – Leases, on January 1, 2019, certain judgments were exercised by Company’s management in measuring lease liabilities and right-of-use assets, such as: (i) estimate of the lease term, considering non-cancellable period and the period covered by options to extend the contract term, when the exercise depends only from the Company, and this exercise is reasonably certain; and (ii) using certain assumptions to calculate the discount rate.

The company is not able to readily determine the interest rate implicit on the lease and, therefore, considers its incremental rate on loans to measure lease liabilities. Incremental rate on the lessee’s loan is the interest rate that the lessee would have to pay when borrowing, for a similar term and with a similar guarantee, the resources necessary to obtain the asset with a value similar to the right of use asset in a similar economic environment. The Company estimates the incremental rate using observable data (such as market interest rates) when available and considers aspects that are specific to the Company (such as the cost of debt) in this estimate.

Cash and cash equivalents are financial assets measured at amortized cost or at fair value through profit or loss, respectively.

Company’s Management classifies its financial assets upon initial recognition.

Bank certificates of deposit (“CDBs”) and committed transactions are nominative securities issued by banks and sold to the public as a form of fund raising. These securities can be traded during the contracted term, at any time, which gives them high liquidity, their adjustment is linked to the percentage of the Bank Deposit Certificate (CDI), there is no risk of significant impairment in their value and they are used to fulfill the Company’s short-term obligations.

The average remuneration of CDB investments in 2025 is 100.25% p.a. (101.09% on December 31, 2024) of the variation of the interbank deposit certificate—CDI.

Comprise financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss.

(i) Since 2017, the Company, with the aim of using tax deductibility benefit for income tax purposes, started investing in the National Film Industry Financing Fund (FUNCINE). The average remuneration in 2025 was 0.13% p.a. (1.47% p.a. on December 31, 2024).

(ii) Fundo Soberano is composed only of federal government bonds. The average remuneration in the 1Q2025 was 99.68% p.a. of the variation of the Interbank Deposit Certificate - CDI (99.20% on December 31, 2024).

(iii) The Company invests in open FIC's (Quota Investment Fund). Funds are mostly made up of federal government bonds and papers from financial institutions, mostly AAA (highest quality). The average remuneration of FICs in the 1Q2025 was 103.71% p.a. of the variation of the Interbank Deposit Certificate - CDI (105.14% p.a. on December 31, 2024).

(a) Government bonds are fixed income financial instruments issued by the National Treasury to finance the activities of the Federal Government.

(b) The CDB operations are emitted by the banks with the commitment of stock buyback by the bank itself and with predetermined taxes.

(c) The Financial bills is a fix income tittle emitted by financial institutions with the objective of a long-term fund raising.

(d) Is represented by: Debentures, FIDC, commercial notes, promissory notes, bank credit note.

These are financial assets measured at amortized cost, and refer to accounts receivable from users of telecommunications services, from network use (interconnection) and from sales of handsets and accessories. Accounts receivable are recorded at the price charged at the time of the transaction. The balances of accounts receivable also include services provided and not billed (“unbilled”) up to the balance sheet date. Trade accounts receivable are initially recognized at fair value and, subsequently, measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method less provision for expected credit losses (“impairment”).

The provision for expected credit losses was recognized as a decrease in accounts receivable based on the profile of the subscriber portfolio, the aging of overdue accounts receivable, the economic situation, the risks involved in each case and the collection curve, at an amount deemed sufficient by Management, as adjusted to reflect current and prospective information on macroeconomic factors that affect the customers’ ability to settle the receivables.

The fair value of trade accounts receivable is close to the book value recorded on March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Amounts expected to be received in more than 12 months are classified as long-term.

The average rate considered in calculating the present value of accounts receivable recorded in the long term is 0.58% p.m. (0.58% p.m. on December 31, 2024).

(i) Accounts receivable arising from the Agreement between TIM and C6 Bank on February 11, 2025, approved by CIMA (Cayman Islands Monetary Authority) in March 2025, for the sale of all outstanding shares (note 12) and subscription bonuses held by TIM (note 36) of the Company in C6 Bank, for a total amount of R$520 million. As of March 31, 2025, approximately 10% of the amount had been received. The remaining balance, in the amount of R$468 million, will be received during the period.

The movement of the provision for expected credit losses, accounted for as an asset reduction account, was as follows:

The aging of accounts receivable is as follows:

Inventories are presented at the average acquisition cost. A loss is recognized to adjust the cost of Handsets and accessories to the net realizable value (selling price), when this value is less than the average acquisition cost.

In September 2021, the Federal Supreme Court (“STF”), with general repercussions, established an understanding for the non-levy of Corporate Income Tax (IRPJ) and Social Contribution (CSLL) on the monetary restatement using the SELIC rate in cases of undue payment. At that time, TIM recorded its best estimate, in the amount of R$ 535 million (principal). Up to March 31, 2025, the total monetary restatement recognized was R$ 130 million. In the third quarter of 2023, TIM’s lawsuit received a favorable final and unappealable decision and in September 2023, the Company obtained credit approval from the Brazilian Federal Revenue Service.

In September 2023, the company carried out the reclassification between asset accounts (Recoverable income tax and social contribution x Deferred income tax and social contribution) amounting R$ 156 million. Recognizing deferred taxes on tax losses and negative CSLL bases in the amounts of R$ 114 million and R$ 42 million, respectively. Moreover, in the same period, TIM reclassified R$ 470 million of credits to current assets. In the years 2023 and 2024, the company used R$ 151 million and R$ 231 million, respectively, in credits to offset federal taxes. In the first quarter of 2025, R$ 35 million of these credits was offset.

Current income tax and social contribution charges are calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted, or substantially enacted, up to the balance sheet date.

The legislation allows companies to opt for quarterly or monthly payment of income tax and social contribution. In 2025, the Company has chosen to make the quarterly payment of income tax and social contribution.

Deferred income tax and social contribution are recognized on (1) tax losses and accumulated tax loss carryforwards; and (2) temporary differences arising from differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their book values in the quarterly information. Deferred income tax is determined using the tax rates (and tax laws) enacted, or substantially enacted, up to the balance sheet date. Subsequent changes in tax rates or tax legislation may modify the deferred tax credit and debit balances.

Deferred tax assets on income tax and social contribution are recognized only according to the profitable track record and/or when based on the annual forecasts prepared by the Company.

The balances of deferred income tax assets and liabilities are presented at net value in balance sheet when there is the legal right and the intention of offsetting them upon calculation of current taxes, in general related to the same legal entity and the same tax authority. Accordingly, deferred tax assets and liabilities in different entities are in general presented separately, and not at net balance.

On March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the prevailing tax rates were 25% for income tax and 9% for social contribution. In addition, there is no statute of limitation in regard to the income tax and social contribution carried forward losses, which it can be offset by up to 30% of the taxable profit reached at each fiscal year, according to the current tax legislation.

The amounts recorded are as follows:

(i) Mainly represented by the Fistel fee (TFF) for the financial years 2020-2024 of TIM S.A. and the TFF referring to Cozani's 2022 financial year. The Operating Inspection Fee (TFF) for the years 2020 and 2024 of TIM S.A. and TFF for 2022 of Cozani had its payments suspended by virtue of an injunction and, therefore, still do not have a specific date for payment. See Note 22 for details.

(ii) Represents the addition of new lease contracts. The temporary difference of the IFRS 16 contracts is due to the difference in the timing of recognition of the accounting (interest and depreciation) and tax expense (provision of service), under the terms of the current legislation.

(iii) As of the 1Q20, TIM S.A. excludes the portion of acceleration of depreciation of movable assets belonging to property, plant and equipment from the calculation basis of the IRPJ and CSLL, due to their uninterrupted use in three operating shifts, supported by technical expert report, as provided for in Article 323 of the RIR/2018, or by the adequacy to the tax depreciation provided for in IN 1700/2017. Such tax adjustment generated a deferred liability of R$ 1,002 million until March 31, 2025 (R$ 990 million up to December 31, 2024).

(iv) Refers to deferred charges on the adjustment at fair value of the non-controlling interest calculated in the sale of Fiber Co (currently I-Systems), which took place in November 2021, from TIM S.A. to IHS Fiber Brasil - Cessão de Infraestruturas Ltda (see Note 14).

(v) Represents the deferred charges recorded, referring to the impairment of tangible assets recognized by Cozani before its acquisition in April 2022.

(vi) In the acquisition of Company Cozani, a goodwill of R$ 2,636,426 was recorded, which comprises the value of future economic benefits arising from synergies expected from the acquisition. The recognized goodwill has already been deducted for tax purposes since the date of the corporate acquisition of the company Cozani by TIM S.A., which took place on April 1, 2023. This merger took place after due approval by Anatel in February 2023 by Act 3535/2023 and acknowledgment by the Board of Directors of TIM S.A. on March 31, 2023 that said merger and consequent extinction of Cozani are effective on April 1, 2023.

The Company, based on historical profitability and projections of future taxable income, constitutes deferred income tax and social contribution credits on the totality of its temporary differences.

The Company used deferred credits arising from tax losses and negative social contribution bases in the amount of R$ 12 million as of March 31, 2025 (R$ 189 million as of December 31, 2024).

The reconciliation between income tax and social contribution expense as calculated by applying combined tax rates and amounts reflected in income (loss) is as follows:

(i) The amounts of recoverable ICMS (state VAT) are mainly comprised by:

(a) credits on the acquisition of property, plant and equipment directly related to the provision of telecommunication services (credits divided over 48 months).

(b) ICMS amounts paid under the tax substitution regime from goods acquired for resale, mainly mobile handsets, chips, tablets and modems sold by TIM.

(ii) The current balance is mostly composed of credits arising from the non-cumulative taxation regime.

(i) The Fistel rate is appropriated monthly to the income (loss).

(ii) Represent prepaid payments of advertising expenses for products and services of the TIM brand that are recognized in the result according to the period of serving the advertisement.

(iii) It is substantially represented by incremental costs related to sales commissions paid to partners for obtaining customer contracts arising from the adoption of IFRS 15/ CPC 47, which are deferred to the result in accordance with the term of the contract and/or economic benefit, usually from 1 to 2 years.

(iv) Represent the costs of installing a neutral network deferred over the term of the contract.

They are recorded at historical cost and updated according to current legislation.

(i) Refer to legal blockages directly in the company's current accounts and interest earning bank deposits linked to certain legal proceedings. This amount is periodically analyzed and when identified, reclassification is made to one of the other specific accounts of the legal deposit item.

Civil

These are court deposits to guarantee the execution of civil proceedings where the Company is challenging the amounts involved. Most of these proceedings refer to lawsuits filed by customers, involving issues of consumer rights, among others.

There are some processes with differentiated matters, for instance, in which the value set by ANATEL for vacating certain transmission sub-bands is discussed, enabling the implementation of 4G technology. In this case, the amount under discussion updated deposited in court is R$ 89,490 (R$ 88,147 on December 31, 2024).

Labor

These are amounts deposited in court as guarantees for the execution and the filing of appropriate appeals, where the relevant matters or amounts involved are still being discussed. The total amount has been allocated between the various claims filed by registered employees and third-party service providers.

Tax

The Company has legal deposits in the total, restated and estimated amount of R$ 244,644 (R$ 239,093 on December 31, 2024), relating to tax matters, made to support several ongoing legal discussions. Such deposits mainly relate to the following discussions:

They are recognized at fair value on the date of acquisition or issue. Such financial assets and liabilities are subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss. Changes arising from the fair value measurement, where applicable, shall be recognized in the result when incurred, under the line of financial income.

(i) On February 1, 2021, TIM announced that, within the scope of this partnership with BANCO C6 S.A., the right to exercise Subscription Warrant equivalent to the indirect interest of approximately 1.44% of Banco C6’s share capital Banco C6 as a result of meeting, in December 2020, the 1st level of the agreed targets. Subsequently, the Company exercised its option to acquire and convert C6 shares, which represented approximately 1.44% of the Bank and totaled R$ 162,958. It is worth highlighting that once the option is exercised, TIM started holding a minority position and does not have a position of control or significant influence in the management of C6.

In March 2025, after obtaining the approval of the Cayman Islands Monetary Authority (CIMA), the Agreement signed on February 11, 2025, between the Company and Banco C6 was signed. Its purpose was to terminate the partnership between the parties and extinguish all ongoing disputes, including four arbitration proceedings. The Agreement includes the full transfer of the Company’s interest, including such subscription warrant. With the formalization of the Agreement, the subscription warrant was fully written off.

(ii) The Company has invested approximately R$ 275 million on March 31, 2025 (R$ 212 million in 2024) in the Investment fund focused on 5G solutions “Upload Ventures Growth” (“5G Fund”). Reinforcing its commitment to boosting the development of solutions based on 5G technology.

Out of this total amount, on January 16, 2025, the Company made a contribution of approximately R$ 85 million (R$ 270 million until 2024) to the 5G Fund, reinforcing its commitment to boosting the development of solutions based on 5G technology.

According to the requirements of IFRS 9 / CPC 48, the financial instrument must be valued at its fair value and the Company must disclose the level classification of each financial instrument. See Note 36 in the section on Financial instruments measured at fair value for details of this information.

(iii) In April 2022, the Company entered into a partnership with EXA Serviços de Tecnologia (“EXA”) to provide digital services and entertainment to TIM’s customer base. Said partnership also provided for commission payments by EXA to TIM as a result of TIM’s customers acquiring services from this partnership, as well as TIM’s right to subscribe to shares upon payment of a consideration.

At the end of 2024, the contract with the new partnership terms was completed and TIM acquired the right to subscribe for 27% of EXA’s shares for a consideration of R$ 174 million. The value of the financial asset was recorded at fair value for R$ 175 million and accounts for 27% of the fair value of TIM’s right to participate in EXA. This right must be exercised within the next 24 months, after the exercise conditions and corporate approval have been met.

The ownership interest in associated company is valued using the equity accounting method.

I-Systems

In November 2021, as a result of the spin-off of net assets from the broadband business and creation of I-Systems, TIM S.A. disposed of 51% of its equity interest on behalf of IHS. As a result of this transaction, a loss of control took place and TIM S.A. no longer consolidates the Company, recording the investment in the associated company in the amount of R$ 1,612,957, at fair value, for the remaining minority interest (non-controlling) of 49%.

TIM S.A. has 49% (49% on December 31, 2024) in the share capital of I-Systems. The following table represents summarized financial information about the investments of I-Systems:

Property, plant and equipment are measured at acquisition and/or construction cost, less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses (the latter only if applicable). Depreciation is calculated based on the straight-line method over terms that consider the expected useful lives of the assets and their residual values. On March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company has no indication of impairment in its property, plant and equipment.

The estimated costs of dismantling towers and equipment on rented properties are capitalized and depreciated over the estimated useful lives of these assets. The Company recognizes the present value of these costs in property, plant and equipment with a counter-entry to the liability “provision for future asset retirement”. The interest incurred in updating the provision is classified as financial expenses.

Gains and losses on disposal are determined by comparing the amounts of these disposals with the book value at the time of the transaction and are recognized in “other operating expenses (revenue), net” in the statement of income.

The construction in progress represents the cost of projects in progress related to the construction of networks and/or other tangible assets in the period of their construction and installation, until the moment they come into operation, when they will be transferred to the corresponding accounts of these assets.

The lease rights of use are represented by leased agreements of identifiable assets within the scope of IFRS 16/CPC 6 (R2) standard. These rights refer to leases of network infrastructure, stores and kiosks, real estate, land (Network) and fiber, as below:

(i) The change in the right of use in leases includes net additions of lease incentives received, totaling R$ 4 million in the first quarter of 2025 (R$ 34 million in the first quarter of 2024).

In 2024, pursuant to IAS 16 / CPC 27, approved by a CVM Deliberation 73, the Company assessed the useful life estimates for their property, plant and equipment, concluding that there were no significant changes or alterations to the circumstances on which the estimates were based that would justify changes to the useful lives currently in use.

Intangible assets are measured at historical cost less accumulated amortization and impairment losses (if applicable) and reflect: (i) the purchase of authorizations and rights to use radio frequency bands, and (ii) software in use and/or development. Intangible assets also include: (i) infrastructure right-of-use of other companies, and (ii) goodwill on expectation of future profits in purchases of companies.

Amortization charges are calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the assets contracted and over the terms of the authorizations. The useful life estimates of intangible assets are reviewed regularly.

Financial charges on funds raised generically (with no specific allocation), used to obtain a qualifying asset, which is an asset that necessarily demands a substantial period of time to become ready for intended use is capitalized as part of this asset’s cost when it is probable that will result in future economic benefits to the Entity and such costs can be reliably measured. Within this concept, we had the capitalization of charges for the 700MHz 4G license between 2014 and 2019 and we had the capitalization of charges on the acquisition of the 5G license for the radio frequency not readily available and other obligations related to such radio frequency between 2021 and 2023. As of the second quarter of 2023, the capitalization of interest and charges on this asset ended. These costs are amortized over the estimated useful lives of assets.

The values of permits for the operation of SMP and rights to use radio frequencies, as well as software, goodwill and others are demonstrated as follows:

Intangible assets with undefined useful lives are not amortized (e.g., goodwill in the acquisition of companies) but tested for impairment on an annual basis, individually or at cash generating unit level.

The intangible assets in development represent the cost of projects in progress related to the intangible assets in the period of their construction and installation, until the moment they come into operation, when they will be transferred to the corresponding accounts of these assets.

(b) Amortization rates

(c) Software licenses

Software maintenance costs are recognized as an expense, as incurred. Development costs that are directly attributable to software product design and testing, and are identifiable and exclusive, controlled by the Company, are recognized as intangible assets when the capitalization criteria are met.

Directly attributable costs that are capitalized as part of the software product are related to employee costs directly allocated in its development.

(d) Goodwill registered

The Company has the following goodwill, based on the expected future profitability on March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Goodwill on the acquisition of Cozani

In April 2022, the Company acquired 100% of Cozani, with a total consideration paid of R$ 7,211,585 and identifiable assets, net of liabilities assumed, at a fair value of R$ 4,575,159. Therefore, having a remaining amount of goodwill totaling R$ 2,636,426, which is recorded on March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Among the assets identified in the business combination process of Cozani, the Company identified a surplus value of the acquired radio frequencies amounting to R$ 3,038,951 and a customer list of R$ 253,629.

On October 4, 2023, the Arbitration Chamber Court approved an agreement related to the Post-Closing Adjustment, celebrated, on the one hand, between TIM S.A., Telefônica Brasil S.A. and Claro S.A. and, on the other hand, Oi S.A. – Under Court-Ordered Reorganization, as a way of putting an end to the controversy and the arbitration procedure related to the Post-Closing Adjustment. The final price of the portion of UPI Ativos Móveis assigned to the Company, considering the Post-Closing Adjustment negotiated in the Agreement (except for the contract targets), was R$ 6.6 billion.

Mainly due to the fact that it is still a contractual debt at the date of completion of the allocation of the purchase price of the Cozani acquisition, the decrease in the consideration, corresponding to the half of the amount in court, was recorded in the income (loss) for the year on the date of approval of the agreement (October 2023), under “other operating revenues (expenses)”, the recorded goodwill was not adjusted as provided for in accounting practice of IFRS3/CPC 15 (R1).

The Company describes the accounting practice adopted in business combinations in the Note 2d that initially, goodwill is initially measured as being the excess of consideration transferred in relation to net assets acquired (acquired identifiable assets and assumed liabilities).

After initial recognition, the goodwill is carried at cost less impairment losses (if any). For purposes of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is, as of the acquisition date, allocated in the cash generating unit that is expected to benefit from the business combination.

Goodwill from TIM Fiber SP and TIM Fiber RJ – TIM Celular S.A. (merged by Intelig, current TIM S.A.) acquired, at the end of 2011, the companies Eletropaulo Telecomunicações Ltda. (subsequently TIM Fiber SP) and AES Communications Rio de Janeiro S.A. (subsequently TIM Fiber RJ). TIM Fiber SP and TIM Fiber RJ were merged into TIM Celular S.A. on August 29, 2012. TIM Celular S.A. definitively recorded goodwill arising from these companies of R$ 1,159,649.

As described in Note 14, in November 2021, the Company sold 51% of the equity interest in Fiber Co (now I-Systems), a company that received the liquid assets related to the secondary network infrastructure of residential broadband. Due to the transaction closing, TIM S.A. wrote off R$ 1,051,477 of the goodwill recorded in the acquisition of TIM Fiber SP Ltda. and TIM Fiber RJ S.A, leaving R$ 108,172 of goodwill on March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024.

On August 31, 2020, with the merger of TIM Participações S.A. by TIM S.A., the Company recorded the goodwill arising from the merger of the net assets of TIM Participações, which were originated in acquisition transactions as described below:

Goodwill acquisition of "Intelig" by TIM Participações – the goodwill arising from the acquisition of TIM S.A. (formerly ”Intelig") in December 2009 in the amount of R$ 210,015 is represented/based on the expectation of future profitability of the Company.

Goodwill from the acquisition of minority interests in TIM Sul and TIM Nordeste – TIM Participações S.A. (merged by TIM S.A. in August 2020) acquired in 2005, all the shares of the minority shareholders of TIM Sul and TIM Nordeste, in exchange for shares issued by TIM Participações, converting these companies into full subsidiaries. The goodwill resulting from this transaction amounted to R$ 157,556.

Impairment test

As required by the accounting standard, the Company tests goodwill on business combinations.

The methodology and assumptions used by Management for the aforementioned impairment test is summarized below:

The Management of the Company understands that the smallest unit generating cash for impairment testing of goodwill in the acquisition of the companies previously described covers TIM S.A., Tim Group’s operating company in Brazil.

On December 31, 2024, the impairment test was performed by comparing the book value with the fair value minus the potential sale costs of the asset, as foreseen in IAS 36 / CPC 01 / IFRS 13 / CPC 46.

For the calculation of fair value, the level of hierarchy within which the measurement of the fair value of the asset (cash generating unit) is classified was considered. For the company, as there is only one CGU this was classified in its entirety as Level 1, for the disposal costs we consider that it is irrelevant considering the variation between the fair value level 1 and the book value of the cash generating unit.

The fair value of Level 1 financial instruments comprises the instruments traded in active markets and based on quoted market prices on the balance sheet date. Company’s shares are traded on B3 – Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão (“B3”) with code (TIMS3) and have a regular trading volume that allows the measurement (Level 1) as the product between the quoted price for the individual asset or liability and the amount held by the entity.

On March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the measurement was made based on the value of the Company’s share at the balance sheet closing date, with the fair value determined higher than the book value, which includes all tangible assets, intangible assets, and investments. Therefore, the Company has not identified any indications of impairment.

(e) Infrastructure right-of-use - LT Amazonas

The company has signed infrastructure rights agreements with companies that operate electricity transmission lines in the Northern Region of Brazil. These contracts fall within the scope of IFRIC 4 / ICPC 3 as financial commercial leases.

Additionally, the Company has signed network infrastructure sharing agreements with Telefónica Brasil S.A., also in the North Region. In these, the two operators optimize resources and reduce their respective operating costs.

(f) Authorizations

4G License

In this item are recorded the values related to the acquisition of Lot 2 in the auction of the 700 MHz band in the amount of R$ 1,739 million, in addition to the costs related to the cleaning of the frequency of the 700 MHZ band acquired, which totaled R$ 1,199 million, in nominal values. As it is a long-term obligation, the amount payable of R$ 1,199 million was reduced by R$ 47 million by applying the concept of adjustment to present value (“AVP”). The aforementioned license fell under the concept of qualifying asset. Consequently, the financial charges on resources raised without a specific destination, used for the purpose of obtaining a qualifying asset, were capitalized between the years 2014 and 2019.

5G License

In the fourth quarter of 2021, there was a registration related to the acquisition of 5th generation mobile telephony radio frequencies (“5G”), since TIM participated in the 5G Auction and won several lots of the 2.3GHz, 3.5Ghz and 26Ghz radio frequency bands. These licenses will be paid over a period of 10 to 20 years, subject to restatement at the Selic rate. In December 2021, the Company signed the Terms of Authorization for these radio frequencies, generating the accounting of an intangible asset related to the licenses in the amount of R$ 884 million and the obligations related to said licenses (among them, disbursements with costs of the public notice and disbursement obligations with the management entities described below) in the amount of R$ 2,680 million.

Aiming to fulfill the additional obligations, managing entities were set up, which fulfilled the commitments provided for in the Auction. The companies that won the auction paid the amounts provided for in the public notice so that these entities could fulfill the obligations defined. Said obligations were set out for the 3.5GHz radio frequency (obligation to clean the band, solve interferences, among others), fulfilled by the Band Administration Entity (“EAF”), and for the 26GHz radio frequency (public school connectivity project), fulfilled by the School Connectivity Administration Entity (“EACE”).

On the signature date of the terms, in December 2021, the 2.3GHz and 26GHz radio frequencies were readily available for use by the Company (operating assets), generating the registration in 2021 in “Authorizations” of the amounts related to the licenses (R$ 614 million) and the obligations related to the 26GHz license, fulfilled through EACE (R$ 550 million). The disbursements with EACE (R$ 633 million) occurred in 5 semi-annual installments between 2022 and 2024, and were monetarily restated by the IGP-DI. The Company evaluated the application of the concept of adjustment to present value (“AVP”) upon initial recognition (R$ 83 million).

The 3.5GHz radio frequency was not readily available, requiring spectrum cleaning activities to be available for use, and, thus, it was registered in assets in progress (R$ 270 million). Therefore, the obligations carried out by EAF (R$ 2,104 million) were also recorded under assets in progress. The disbursements with the EAF were restated by the IGP-DI until the disbursement dates. Such disbursements took place in 2 installments in 2022 (R$ 1,090 million in February and R$ 1,133 million in May) to EAF.

Furthermore, as described above, the Company capitalizes loan costs for qualifying assets that require a substantial period of time to be in a condition for use as intended by Management. This concept includes the 3.5GHz radio frequency. In the second quarter of 2023, the asset was considered available for use by the Company, ceasing such capitalization. Thus, the transfer of goods in progress to the line of authorizations was carried out. The Company recorded R$ 95 million in intangible assets referring to interest calculated based on the Selic rate in 2023, incurred on the 3.5GHz radio frequency and did not capitalize the inflation adjustments of amounts due to EAF in 2023 since there is no further balance to disburse with this entity.

The total effect on the Company’s intangible assets on March 31, 2025 referring to 5G radio frequencies and related obligations was R$ 4,053 million (R$ 4,053 million on December 31, 2024) and there are no more balances of assets in progress relating to 5G licenses since 2023.

These refer to Fistel credit amounts arising from the decrease of the customer base, which may be offset by future changes in the base, or used to reduce future obligations, and are expected to be used in the decrease of the TFF contribution (operating supervision fee) due to Anatel.

On March 31, 2025, this credit is R$ 37,229 (R$ 38,033 on December 31, 2024).

When entering into a contract, the Company assesses whether the contracts signed are (or contain) a lease. An agreement is (or contains) a lease if it transmits the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

Leases whose the Company is a lessee are capitalized at the lease's commencement at the lower of the fair value of the leased asset (right-of-use) and the present value of payments provided for in contract, and lease liability as a counterparty. Interest related to the leases is taken to income as financial costs over the term of the contract.

Leases in which the Company, as a lessor, transfers substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the other party (lessee) are classified as finance leases. These lease values are transferred from the intangible assets of the Company and are recognized as a lease receivable at the lower of the fair value of the leased item and/or the present value of the receipts provided for in the agreement. Interest related to the lease is taken to income as financial revenue over the contractual term.

Asset leases are financial assets or liabilities classified and/or measured at amortized cost.

Assets

The table below presents the schedule of cash receipts for the agreement currently in force, representing the estimated receipts (nominal values) in the signed agreements. These balances differ from those shown in the books since, in the case of the latter, the amounts are shown at present value.

(i) LT Amazonas

As a result of the contract signed with LT Amazonas in 2013, the Company signed network infrastructure sharing agreements with Telefónica Brasil S.A. In these agreements, the company and Telefónica Brasil S.A. share investments made in the Northern Region of Brazil. The company has monthly amounts receivable from Telefónica Brasil S.A. for a period of 20 years, adjusted annually by the IPC-A. The discount rate used to calculate the present value of the installments due is 12.56% per annum, considering the date of signing the agreement.

(ii) Subleases - Stores - IFRS 16

The Company, due to sublease agreements for third parties in some of its stores, recognized the present value of short and long term receivables, which are equal in value and term to the liability cash flows of the contracts called “resale stores”. The impact on lease liabilities is reflected in the group “Leases - Shops & Kiosks and Real Estate”.

The amount of the Company’s subleasing revenue in the period ended March 31, 2025, is R$ 16,273 (R$ 16,264 in the same period of 2024).

Liabilities

The amount of interest paid in the period ended March 31, 2025 related to IFRS 16/CPC 6 (R2) was R$ 317,533 (R$ 293,789 in the same period of 2024).

In the period ended March 31, 2025, the amount of R$ 31 million (R$ 27 million in the same period of 2024) was paid, referring to fines applied related to the decommissioning process of sites.

Changes to the lease liabilities are shown in note 36.

The table below presents the future payment schedule for the agreements in force, representing the estimated disbursements (nominal values) in the signed agreements. These nominal balances differ from those shown in the books since, in the case of the latter, the amounts are shown at present value:

i) LT Amazonas

In 2013, the Company executed agreements for the right to use the infrastructure of companies that operate electric power transmission lines in Northern Brazil (“LT Amazonas”). The terms of these agreements are for 20 years, counted from the date on which the assets are ready to operate. The contracts provide for monthly payments to the electric power transmission companies, restated annually at the IPCA.

The discount rate used to calculate the present value of the installments due is 14.44% per annum, considering the signing date of agreements with transmission companies.

ii) Sale and leaseback of Towers

The Company entered into two Sales Agreements with American Tower do Brasil Cessão de Infraestruturas Ltda. (“ATC”) in November 2014 and January 2015 for up to 6,481 telecommunications towers then owned by TIM Celular, for an amount of approximately R$ 3 billion, and a Master Lease Agreement (“MLA”) for part of the space on these towers for a period of 20 years from the date of transfer of each tower, under a sale and leaseback transaction, with a provision for monthly rental amounts depending on the type of tower (greenfield or rooftop). The sales agreements provided for the towers to be transferred in tranches to ATC, due to the need to meet certain conditions precedent.

In total, 5,873 towers were transferred, being 54,336 and 5,483 in the years 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. This transaction resulted in a sales amount of R$ 2,651,247, of which R$ 1,088,390 was booked as deferred revenue and will be amortized over the period of the contract (Note 23).

The discount rates used at the date of the transactions, ranging from 11.01% to 17.08% per annum, were determined based on observable market transactions that the company (the lessee) would have to pay on a similar lease and/or loan.

(iii) Other

Besides the aforementioned lease agreements, the Company also has tower lease agreements that are part of the lease obligations under the agreement with tower companies.

The present value, principal and interest value on March 31, 2025 for the above contracts was estimated month-to-month, based on the average incremental rate of the Company’s loans, namely 12.21% (11.88% in 2024).

(iv) Other leases

It is substantially represented by lease transactions in transmission towers, land, stores, kiosks, and fiber in the scope of IFRS 16.

Low-value or short-term leases

The lease amounts considered low-value or short-term (less than 12 months) were recognized as rental expenses and totaled R$ 7,236 on March 31, 2025 (R$ 7,383 in the same period of 2024).

Accounts payable to suppliers are obligations payable for goods or services that were acquired in the usual course of business. They are initially recognized at fair value and, subsequently, measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method. Given the short maturity of these obligations, in practical terms, they are usually recognized at the value of the corresponding invoice.

(i) Represents the amount to be paid to suppliers in the acquisition of materials and in the provision of services applied to the tangible and intangible asset or for consumption in the operation, maintenance and administration, in accordance with the terms of the contract between the parties.

(ii) Refers to as the use of the network of other fixed and mobile operators such cases where calls are initiated on the TIM network and terminated on the other operators.

(iii) Refers to calls made when the customer is outside their registration area and is considered a visitor on the other network.

(iv) Refers to calls made by the customer when choosing another long-distance operator.

The company signed contracts with financial institutions as an alternative to support its suppliers so that they can anticipate their receivables on an ad hoc basis, at their sole discretion. In these operations, the suppliers transfer the right to receive the securities to a financial institution with no right of recourse, while maintaining the contractual terms. The securities assigned are advanced to suppliers at a discount rate. Once the operations have been carried out, the company will have these financial institutions as creditors of the securities assigned for the original contractual amount and term with suppliers, without any associated financial charge or benefit. The balance of accounts payable related to said operations remains classified under suppliers of material and service provers and has already been fully paid by the financial institutions to the suppliers.

On March 31, 2025, the Company has approximately R$ 89 million (R$ 429 million as of December 31, 2024) related to the drawee risk operation.

There were no significant non-cash changes in the book values of suppliers included in these operations.

On March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company has the following commitments with ANATEL:

On June 30, 2015, the company filed a lawsuit questioning the collection of the excess nominal value of R$ 61 million, restated at IGP-DI totaling R$ 215 million on March 31, 2025 (R$ 210 million on December 31, 2024), which is still pending trial.

The authorizations payable on March 31, 2025 due in long-term is in accordance with the following schedule:

[8] The renewal time varies according to the bid notice and extension conditions approved by the Agency.

The primary authorizations held by TIM S.A. on March 31, 2025, as well as their expiration dates, are shown in the table below:

They are classified as financial liabilities measured at the amortized cost, and represented by non-derivative financial liabilities that are usually traded before maturity.

In the initial recognition, they are recorded at the fair value and after the initial recognition they are measured based on the effective interest rate method. Appropriations of financial expenses according to the effective interest rate method are recognized in income (loss), under financial expenses.