株探米国株
エドガーで原本を確認する
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2026 
or
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934    
For the transition period from  to . 
Commission File Number: 001-31924
Nelnet_Logo_color.jpg
NELNET, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Nebraska                          84-0748903
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)         (I.R.S Employer Identification No.)
121 South 13th Street, Suite 100                
Lincoln, Nebraska                      68508
    (Address of principal executive offices)                     (Zip Code)
(402) 458-2370
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading Symbol Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, Par Value $0.01 per Share NNI New York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.                    Yes No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).                             Yes No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer                     Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer                     Smaller reporting company
        Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No
As of July 31, 2026, there were 25,162,763 and 10,616,675 shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding, respectively (excluding 11,305,731 shares of Class A Common Stock held by wholly owned subsidiaries).






NELNET, INC.
FORM 10-Q
INDEX
June 30, 2026











PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1.  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NELNET, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
(unaudited)
As of
As of
June 30, 2026 December 31, 2025
Assets:
Loans and accrued interest receivable (net of allowance for loan losses of $165,065 and $132,078, respectively)
$ 9,802,215  10,006,695 
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and cash equivalents - not held at a related party 46,783  128,142 
Cash and cash equivalents - held at a related party 125,647  167,841 
Total cash and cash equivalents 172,430  295,983 
Investments and notes receivable:
Investments at fair value 1,701,392  1,414,636 
Other investments and notes receivable, net 967,352  933,335 
Total investments and notes receivable 2,668,744  2,347,971 
Restricted cash 285,845  357,639 
Restricted cash - due to customers 508,039  319,924 
Accounts receivable (net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $4,098 and $2,758, respectively)
169,922  193,453 
Goodwill 206,835  158,029 
Intangible assets, net 96,003  29,283 
Property and equipment, net 80,732  75,532 
Other assets 284,299  279,274 
Total assets $ 14,275,064  14,063,783 
Liabilities:
Bonds and notes payable $ 7,043,156  7,780,927 
Accrued interest payable 16,265  20,426 
Bank deposits 2,219,249  1,669,173 
Other liabilities 521,048  558,184 
Due to customers 839,910  457,844 
Total liabilities 10,639,628  10,486,554 
Commitments and contingencies
Equity:
Nelnet, Inc. shareholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value. Authorized 50,000,000 shares; no shares issued or outstanding
   
Common stock:
Class A, $0.01 par value. Authorized 600,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 25,163,944
     shares and 25,259,718 shares, respectively
252  253 
Class B, convertible, $0.01 par value. Authorized 60,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding
     10,616,675 shares
106  106 
Additional paid-in capital 1,777  1,481 
Retained earnings 3,770,251  3,681,333 
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) earnings, net (1,847) 2,619 
Total Nelnet, Inc. shareholders' equity 3,770,539  3,685,792 
Noncontrolling interests (135,103) (108,563)
Total equity 3,635,436  3,577,229 
Total liabilities and equity $ 14,275,064  14,063,783 
Supplemental information - assets and liabilities of consolidated education and other lending variable-interest entities:
Loans and accrued interest receivable $ 7,742,049  8,780,878 
Restricted cash 271,573  326,281 
Bonds and notes payable (7,189,895) (8,112,424)
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities (121,220) (133,502)
Net assets of consolidated education and other lending variable-interest entities $ 702,507  861,233 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
2



NELNET, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
(unaudited)
Three months ended Six months ended
June 30, June 30,
2026 2025 2026 2025
Interest income:
Loan interest $ 164,598  172,104  335,622  338,543 
Investment interest 40,315  40,185  80,517  81,574 
Total interest income 204,913  212,289  416,139  420,117 
Interest expense on bonds and notes payable and bank deposits 108,902  132,854  218,485  257,968 
Net interest income 96,011  79,435  197,654  162,149 
Less provision for loan losses 41,077  17,930  94,321  33,267 
Less provision for beneficial interests 2,441  4,977  6,571  6,487 
Net interest income after provision 52,493  56,528  96,762  122,395 
Other income (expense):
Loan servicing and systems revenue 132,244  120,724  260,086  241,465 
Education technology services and payments revenue 118,884  118,184  273,319  265,515 
Reinsurance premiums earned 40,625  26,112  63,161  50,799 
Solar construction revenue   1,259    5,254 
Other, net 18,399  22,976  28,836  47,579 
Gain on partial redemption of ALLO investment   175,044    175,044 
Derivative market value adjustments and derivative settlements, net 3,852  (3,122) 6,019  (8,701)
Total other income (expense), net 314,004  461,177  631,421  776,955 
Cost of services and expenses:
Loan servicing contract fulfillment and acquisition costs 2,087  1,845  4,174  3,478 
Cost to provide education technology services and payments 39,183  39,844  89,136  87,891 
Cost to provide solar construction services   14,050    21,878 
Total cost of services 41,270  55,739  93,310  113,247 
Salaries and benefits 152,664  134,699  292,035  272,922 
Depreciation and amortization 10,142  7,624  19,312  16,879 
Reinsurance losses and underwriting expenses 32,809  25,662  56,414  47,874 
Other expenses 64,199  56,617  126,038  104,924 
Total operating expenses 259,814  224,602  493,799  442,599 
Income before income taxes 65,413  237,364  141,074  343,504 
Income tax expense (19,942) (59,510) (40,003) (84,521)
Net income 45,471  177,854  101,071  258,983 
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests 21,191  3,605  36,717  5,035 
Net income attributable to Nelnet, Inc. $ 66,662  181,459  137,788  264,018 
Earnings per common share:
Net income attributable to Nelnet, Inc. shareholders - basic and diluted $ 1.85  4.97  3.82  7.24 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted
36,037,509  36,485,605  36,057,102  36,482,035 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
3



NELNET, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Dollars in thousands)
(unaudited)
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2026 2025 2026 2025
Net income $ 45,471  177,854  101,071  258,983 
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Net changes related to foreign currency translation adjustments $ (1,575) (131) (2,772) (147)
Net changes related to available-for-sale debt securities:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during period, net 4,213  (657) (2,245) (3,425)
Reclassification of gains recognized in net income, net (479) (595) (902) (1,077)
Amortization of net unrealized loss on securities transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity 8  94  13  141 
Income tax effect (898) 2,844  278  (880) 752  (2,382) 1,047  (3,314)
Net changes related to cash flow hedges:
Fair value adjustments during period, net 565  (625) 867  (625)
Income tax effect (136) 429  150  (475) (208) 659  150  (475)
Net changes related to equity method investee's other comprehensive income:
Cash flow hedge fair value adjustment during period (15) (385) 37  340 
Income tax effect 4  (11) 92  (293) (8) 29  (82) 258 
Other comprehensive income (loss) 1,687  (1,779) (4,466) (3,678)
Comprehensive income 47,158  176,075  96,605  255,305 
Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests 21,191  3,605  36,717  5,035 
Comprehensive income attributable to Nelnet, Inc. $ 68,349  179,680  133,322  260,340 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
4



NELNET, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
(unaudited)
Nelnet, Inc. Shareholders
Preferred stock shares Common stock shares Preferred stock Class A common stock Class B common stock Additional paid-in capital  Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) earnings Noncontrolling interests Total equity
Class A Class B
Balance as of March 31, 2025 25,697,581 10,658,604 $   257  107  6,649  3,412,939  (429) (56,514) 3,363,009 
Net income (loss) —  —  —  —  181,459  —  (3,605) 177,854 
Other comprehensive loss —  —  —  —  —  (1,779) —  (1,779)
Issuance of noncontrolling interests —  —  —  —  —  —  3,882  3,882 
Distribution to noncontrolling interests —  —  —  —  —  —  (30,670) (30,670)
Cash dividends on Class A and Class B common stock - $0.28 per share
—  —  —  —  (10,162) —  —  (10,162)
Issuance of common stock, net of forfeitures 24,703 —  —  —  2,153  —  —  —  2,153 
Compensation expense for stock-based awards —  —  —  3,296  —  —  —  3,296 
Repurchase of common stock (183,554) —  (2) —  (11,461) (9,897) —  —  (21,360)
Acquisition of remaining 20% of NextGen, net of tax
—  —  —  —  1,853  —  (5,383) (3,530)
Balance as of June 30, 2025 25,538,730 10,658,604 $   255  107  637  3,576,192  (2,208) (92,290) 3,482,693 
Balance as of March 31, 2026 25,334,870 10,616,675 $   253  106  1,535  3,732,931  (3,534) (125,279) 3,606,012 
Net income (loss) —  —  —  —  66,662  —  (21,191) 45,471 
Other comprehensive income —  —  —  —  —  1,687  —  1,687 
Issuance of noncontrolling interests —  —  —  —  —  —  22,557  22,557 
Distribution to noncontrolling interests —  —  —  —  —  —  (11,190) (11,190)
Cash dividends on Class A and Class B common stock - $0.33 per share
—  —  —  —  (11,820) —  —  (11,820)
Issuance of common stock, net of forfeitures 19,355 —  —  —  1,935  —  —  —  1,935 
Compensation expense for stock-based awards —  —  —  5,137  —  —  —  5,137 
Repurchase of common stock (190,281) —  (1) —  (6,830) (17,522) —  —  (24,353)
Balance as of June 30, 2026 25,163,944 10,616,675 $   252  106  1,777  3,770,251  (1,847) (135,103) 3,635,436 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

5



NELNET, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
(unaudited)
Nelnet, Inc. Shareholders
Preferred stock shares Common stock shares Preferred stock Class A common stock Class B common stock Additional paid-in capital Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) earnings Noncontrolling interests Total equity
Class A Class B
Balance as of December 31, 2024 25,634,748 10,658,604 $   256  107  7,389  3,340,540  1,470  (50,645) 3,299,117 
Net income (loss) —  —  —  —  264,018  —  (5,035) 258,983 
Other comprehensive loss —  —  —  —  —  (3,678) —  (3,678)
Issuance of noncontrolling interests —  —  —  —  —  —  6,179  6,179 
Distribution to noncontrolling interests —  —  —  —  —  —  (37,406) (37,406)
Cash dividends on Class A and Class B common stock - $0.56 per share
—  —  —  —  (20,322) —  —  (20,322)
Issuance of common stock, net of forfeitures 126,027 —  1  —  2,816  —  —  —  2,817 
Compensation expense for stock-based awards —  —  —  6,351  —  —  —  6,351 
Repurchase of common stock (222,045) —  (2) —  (15,919) (9,897) —  —  (25,818)
Acquisition of remaining 20% of NextGen, net of tax
—  —  —  —  1,853  —  (5,383) (3,530)
Balance as of June 30, 2025 25,538,730 10,658,604 $   255  107  637  3,576,192  (2,208) (92,290) 3,482,693 
Balance as of December 31, 2025 25,259,718 10,616,675 $   253  106  1,481  3,681,333  2,619  (108,563) 3,577,229 
Net income (loss) —  —  —  —  137,788  —  (36,717) 101,071 
Other comprehensive loss —  —  —  —  —  (4,466) —  (4,466)
Issuance of noncontrolling interests —  —  —  —  —  —  24,395  24,395 
Distribution to noncontrolling interests —  —  —  —  —  —  (14,183) (14,183)
Cash dividends on Class A and Class B common stock - $0.66 per share
—  —  —  —  (23,655) —  —  (23,655)
Issuance of common stock, net of forfeitures 220,826 —  2  —  8,477  —  —  —  8,479 
Compensation expense for stock-based awards —  —  —  8,699  —  —  —  8,699 
Repurchase of common stock (316,600) —  (3) —  (16,880) (23,750) —  —  (40,633)
Redemption of 10% minority interests of WRCM
—  —  —  —  (1,465) —  (35) (1,500)
Balance as of June 30, 2026 25,163,944 10,616,675 $   252  106  1,777  3,770,251  (1,847) (135,103) 3,635,436 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.


6



NELNET, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Dollars in thousands)
(unaudited)
Six months ended
June 30,
2026 2025
Net income attributable to Nelnet, Inc. $ 137,788  264,018 
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests (36,717) (5,035)
Net income 101,071  258,983 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities, net of acquisitions:
Depreciation and amortization, including debt discounts and loan premiums and deferred origination costs 42,933  52,406 
Loan discount and deferred lender fees accretion (86,264) (42,502)
Provision for loan losses 94,321  33,267 
Provision for beneficial interests 6,571  6,487 
Derivative market value adjustments (5,273) 10,190 
Gain on partial redemption of ALLO investment   (175,044)
Loss (gain) on sale of loans, net 132  (909)
Loss (gain) on investments, net 25,060  (19,650)
Deferred income tax benefit (12,192) (88,924)
Non-cash compensation expense 8,868  6,513 
Impairment expense   5,392 
Other (1,692) (3,019)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
(Increase) decrease in loan and investment accrued interest receivable (23,468) 15,218 
Decrease in accounts receivable 41,565  32,523 
(Increase) decrease in other assets (50,126) 23,510 
Decrease in the carrying amount of ROU asset 2,152  1,958 
Decrease in accrued interest payable (4,161) (6,072)
Increase in other liabilities 13,951  65,986 
Decrease in the carrying amount of lease liability (2,439) (3,384)
Total adjustments 49,938  (86,054)
Net cash provided by operating activities 151,009  172,929 
Cash flows from investing activities, net of acquisitions:
Purchases and originations of loans, including cash paid for student loan trusts,
net of cash and restricted cash acquired
(6,140,240) (368,499)
Purchases of loans from a related party (415,039) (136,667)
Proceeds from loan repayments, claims, and capitalized interest, net 6,596,556  881,096 
Proceeds from sale of loans 262  72,626 
Proceeds from sale of loans to a related party 157,861  60,181 
Purchases of available-for-sale securities (408,618) (240,476)
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities 148,021  109,609 
Proceeds from beneficial interest in loan securitizations 42,193  38,235 
Purchases of other investments and issuance of notes receivable (271,653) (161,828)
Proceeds from other investments and repayments of notes receivable 83,476  454,829 
Purchases of held-to-maturity debt securities (2,279)  
Redemption of held-to-maturity debt securities 3,190  7,796 
Purchases of property and equipment (17,875) (7,074)
Business acquisitions, net of cash and restricted cash acquired 189,286   
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities $ (34,859) 709,828 
7



NELNET, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)
Six months ended
June 30,
2026 2025
Cash flows from financing activities, net of acquisitions:
Payments on bonds and notes payable $ (995,241) (1,117,852)
Proceeds from issuance of bonds and notes payable 255,059  25 
Payments of debt issuance costs (2,181) (3,999)
Increase in bank deposits, net 550,076  195,911 
Increase (decrease) in due to customers 94,491  (49,489)
Dividends paid (23,655) (20,322)
Repurchases of common stock (40,633) (25,818)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock 952  920 
Redemption of noncontrolling interest (1,500) (3,944)
Issuance of noncontrolling interests 56,249  15,580 
Distribution to noncontrolling interests (3,276) (3,351)
Net cash used in financing activities (109,659) (1,012,339)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and restricted cash (13,723) 338 
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash (7,232) (129,244)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period 973,546  931,020 
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period $ 966,314  801,776 
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash disbursements made for interest $ 215,947  244,109 
Cash disbursements made for income taxes, net of refunds and credits received (a) $ 3,900  26,886 
Cash disbursements made for operating leases $ 2,901  2,604 
Non-cash operating, investing and financing activity:
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations $ 5,525  6,495 
Student loans and other assets acquired $   672,601 
Borrowings and other liabilities assumed in acquisition of student loans $   705,439 
Distribution to noncontrolling interests $ 10,907  34,055 
Issuance of noncontrolling interests $ 31,854  9,401 
(a) The Company utilized $33.1 million and $36.6 million of federal and state tax credits related primarily to renewable energy during the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively.
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash activities regarding the Company's business acquisitions are contained in note 6.
The following table presents a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported in the consolidated balance sheets to the total of the amounts reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows:
As of As of As of As of
June 30, 2026 December 31, 2025 June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Total cash and cash equivalents $ 172,430  295,983  225,753  194,518 
Restricted cash 285,845  357,639  317,958  332,100 
Restricted cash - due to customers 508,039  319,924  258,065  404,402 
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
$ 966,314  973,546  801,776  931,020 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
8



NELNET, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
(unaudited)
1.  Basis of Financial Reporting
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of Nelnet, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company” or "Nelnet") as of June 30, 2026 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025 and, in the opinion of the Company’s management, the unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of results of operations for the interim periods presented. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the year ending December 31, 2026. The unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 (the "2025 Annual Report").
2.  Loans and Accrued Interest Receivable and Allowance for Loan Losses
Loans and accrued interest receivable consisted of the following:
As of As of
June 30, 2026 December 31, 2025
Non-Nelnet Bank:
Federally insured loans (a):
Stafford and other $ 1,744,658  1,772,172 
Consolidation 4,748,739  5,665,071 
Total 6,493,397  7,437,243 
Private education loans 122,818  139,209 
Consumer loans and other financing receivables (b) 1,213,556  1,122,717 
Non-Nelnet Bank loans 7,829,771  8,699,169 
Nelnet Bank:
Federally insured loans (a):
Stafford and other 53,525  23,960 
Consolidation 799,816  148,360 
Total 853,341  172,320 
Private education loans 521,159  518,634 
Consumer and other loans 264,597  266,608 
Nelnet Bank loans 1,639,097  957,562 
Accrued interest receivable 542,799  528,936 
Loan discount and deferred lender fees, net of unamortized loan premiums and deferred origination costs (44,387) (46,894)
Allowance for loan losses:
Non-Nelnet Bank:
Federally insured loans (38,173) (42,080)
Private education loans (6,239) (6,894)
Consumer loans and other financing receivables (92,215) (57,360)
Non-Nelnet Bank allowance for loan losses (136,627) (106,334)
Nelnet Bank:
Federally insured loans (3,016) (676)
Private education loans (12,609) (12,932)
Consumer and other loans (12,813) (12,136)
Nelnet Bank allowance for loan losses (28,438) (25,744)
$ 9,802,215  10,006,695 
9



(a)    During 2026, the Company's Asset Generation and Management operating segment (non-Nelnet Bank) contributed certain student loan securitization trusts to Nelnet Bank that included $716.3 million in federally insured loans.
(b)    Included in "consumer loans and other financing receivables" in the above table are Pay Later receivables that the Company began to purchase in the third quarter of 2025. As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the balance of Pay Later receivables was $699.8 million and $744.2 million, respectively.
The following table summarizes the allowance for loan losses as a percentage of the ending loan balance for each of the Company's loan portfolios:
As of As of
June 30, 2026 December 31, 2025
Non-Nelnet Bank:
Federally insured loans (a) 0.59  % 0.57  %
Private education loans 5.08  % 4.95  %
Consumer loans and other financing receivables (b) 7.60  % 5.11  %
Nelnet Bank:
Federally insured loans (a) 0.35  % 0.39  %
Private education loans 2.42  % 2.49  %
Consumer and other loans 4.84  % 4.55  %
(a)    The allowance for loan losses as a percent of the risk sharing component of federally insured student loans not covered by the federal guaranty for Non-Nelnet Bank was 20.1% and 19.3%, and for Nelnet Bank was 17.1% and 17.3%, as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.
(b)    The increase in allowance for loan losses as a percentage of the ending loan balance for consumer loans and other financing receivables was driven by (1) a shift in loan mix, reflecting growth in certain consumer loans (non-Pay Later receivables) that carry a higher expected loss rate than the overall portfolio; and (2) the seasoning of Pay Later receivables, which the Company began acquiring in the third quarter of 2025. This increase was not due to a deterioration in credit quality, and delinquency and net charge-off rates remained consistent with management's expectations during the period.
Activity in the Allowance for Loan Losses
The following table presents the activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment:
Balance at beginning of period Provision (negative provision) for loan losses Charge-offs Recoveries Initial allowance on loans purchased with credit deterioration Loan sales/contributions Balance at end of period
Three months ended June 30, 2026
Non-Nelnet Bank:
Federally insured loans $ 40,043  2,387  (2,687)     (1,570) 38,173 
Private education loans 6,385    (392) 246      6,239 
Consumer loans and other financing receivables 79,593  38,939  (29,396) 3,079      92,215 
Nelnet Bank:
Federally insured loans 1,725  (158) (121)     1,570  3,016 
Private education loans 13,182  572  (1,498) 353      12,609 
Consumer and other loans 14,263  (717) (829) 96      12,813 
$ 155,191  41,023  (34,923) 3,774      165,065 
Three months ended June 30, 2025
Non-Nelnet Bank:
Federally insured loans $ 48,906  2,112  (3,391)       47,627 
Private education loans 10,394  (2,760) (523) 295      7,406 
Consumer loans and other financing receivables 43,904  11,781  (7,967) 310      48,028 
Nelnet Bank:
Federally insured loans 362  9  (16)       355 
Private education loans 9,893  2,839  (1,739) 307  1,060    12,360 
Consumer and other loans 6,617  3,731  (878) 103      9,573 
$ 120,076  17,712  (14,514) 1,015  1,060    125,349 
10



Balance at beginning of period Provision (negative provision) for loan losses Charge-offs Recoveries Initial allowance on loans purchased with credit deterioration Loan sales/contributions Balance at end of period
Six months ended June 30, 2026
Non-Nelnet Bank:
Federally insured loans $ 42,080  4,459  (5,655)     (2,711) 38,173 
Private education loans 6,894  (306) (777) 428      6,239 
Consumer loans and other financing receivables 57,360  85,639  (55,529) 4,745      92,215 
Nelnet Bank:
Federally insured loans 676  (191) (180)     2,711  3,016 
Private education loans 12,932  2,337  (3,291) 631      12,609 
Consumer and other loans 12,136  2,657  (2,178) 198      12,813 
$ 132,078  94,595  (67,610) 6,002      165,065 
Six months ended June 30, 2025
Non-Nelnet Bank:
Federally insured loans $ 49,091  4,746  (6,210)       47,627 
Private education loans 11,130  (2,760) (1,457) 493      7,406 
Consumer loans and other financing receivables 38,468  22,158  (13,143) 545      48,028 
Nelnet Bank:
Federally insured loans   374  (19)       355 
Private education loans 10,086  3,925  (3,134) 423  1,060    12,360 
Consumer and other loans 6,115  4,734  (1,447) 171      9,573 
$ 114,890  33,177  (25,410) 1,632  1,060    125,349 
During the periods presented above, the primary item impacting provision for loan losses was the establishment of an initial allowance for loans originated and acquired during the periods.
The increase in provision for loan losses and charge-offs for Non-Nelnet Bank consumer loans and other financing receivables during the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2026 compared with the same periods in 2025 was due to an increase in consumer loans and Pay Later receivables acquired during 2026 as compared with 2025. The Company began to purchase Pay Later receivables in the third quarter of 2025. The increase in provision expense and charge-offs reflects the volume of new loans added to the portfolio rather than a deterioration in credit quality. Credit performance metrics, including delinquency rates and charge-offs, remained consistent with management’s expectations.
The following table summarizes annualized net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans for each of the Company's loan portfolios:
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2026 2025 2026 2025
Non-Nelnet Bank:
Federally insured loans 0.16  % 0.16  % 0.16  % 0.14  %
Private education loans 0.46  % 0.55  % 0.54  % 1.02  %
Consumer loans and other financing receivables 8.78  % 7.62  % 8.86  % 6.58  %
Nelnet Bank:
Federally insured loans 0.07  % 0.06  % 0.07  % 0.06  %
Private education loans 0.87  % 1.10  % 1.00  % 1.08  %
Consumer and other loans 1.10  % 1.71  % 1.50  % 1.49  %
Annualized net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans for the Company's Non-Nelnet Bank consumer and other financing receivables portfolio increased during the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 compared with the same periods in 2025. This increase was primarily attributable to the cumulative growth in the volume of Pay Later receivables acquired since the
11



third quarter of 2025 and the seasoning of the portfolio, and was not indicative of a deterioration in credit quality. Delinquency and net charge-off rates remained consistent with management's expectations during the period.
Unfunded Loan Commitments
The Company maintains an allowance for unfunded loan commitments that are not unconditionally cancelable, at a level the Company believes is appropriate as of the balance sheet date, to absorb expected credit losses on this exposure. As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, Nelnet Bank had a liability of approximately $0.5 million and $0.8 million, respectively, related to $79.5 million and $76.5 million, respectively, of unfunded private education, consumer, and other loan commitments. Other than the estimation of the probability of funding, this reserve is estimated in a manner similar to the methodology used for determining reserves for loans included on the consolidated balance sheet. When a new loan commitment is made, the Company records an allowance that is included in "other liabilities" on the consolidated balance sheet. Net adjustments to this reserve are included in "provision for loan losses" on the consolidated income statement. Below is a reconciliation of the provision for loan losses reported in the consolidated statements of income:
Three months ended Six months ended
June 30, June 30,
2026 2025 2026 2025
Provision for loan losses from allowance activity table above $ 41,023  17,712  94,595  33,177 
Provision expense (negative provision) for unfunded loan commitments, net 54  218  (274) 90 
Provision for loan losses reported in consolidated statements of income $ 41,077  17,930  94,321  33,267 
Key Credit Quality Indicators
Loan Status and Delinquencies
Key credit quality indicators for the Company’s federally insured, private education, consumer, and other loan portfolios are loan status, including delinquencies. The impact of changes in loan status is incorporated into the allowance for loan losses calculation. Delinquencies have the potential to adversely impact the Company’s earnings through increased servicing and collection costs and account charge-offs. Loans in repayment include loans on which borrowers are making interest only or fixed payments, as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status after any applicable grace period. The following table presents the Company’s loan status and delinquency amounts:
As of June 30, 2026 As of December 31, 2025 As of June 30, 2025
Federally insured loans - Non-Nelnet Bank:
Loans in-school/grace/deferment $ 304,960  4.7  % $ 336,749  4.5  % $ 393,460  4.7  %
Loans in forbearance 504,082  7.8  493,277  6.6  555,469  6.6 
Loans in repayment status:
Loans current 5,013,702  88.2  % 5,701,660  86.3  % 6,378,571  86.0  %
Loans delinquent 31-60 days 184,769  3.2  234,259  3.5  261,809  3.5 
Loans delinquent 61-90 days 126,576  2.2  147,645  2.2  175,562  2.4 
Loans delinquent 91-120 days 71,368  1.3  94,765  1.4  111,678  1.5 
Loans delinquent 121-270 days 190,828  3.4  280,899  4.3  360,754  4.9 
Loans delinquent 271 days or greater 97,112  1.7  147,989  2.3  129,782  1.7 
Total loans in repayment 5,684,355  87.5  100.0  % 6,607,217  88.9  100.0  % 7,418,156  88.7  100.0  %
Total federally insured loans 6,493,397  100.0  % 7,437,243  100.0  % 8,367,085  100.0  %
Accrued interest receivable 482,085  506,943  545,288 
Loan discount, net of unamortized premiums and deferred origination costs (26,000) (23,513) (26,523)
Allowance for loan losses (38,173) (42,080) (47,627)
Total federally insured loans and accrued interest receivable, net of allowance for loan losses $ 6,911,309  $ 7,878,593  $ 8,838,223 
12



As of June 30, 2026 As of December 31, 2025 As of June 30, 2025
Private education loans - Non-Nelnet Bank:
Loans in-school/grace/deferment $ 2,852  2.3  % $ 3,094  2.2  % $ 4,433  2.8  %
Loans in forbearance 2,679  2.2  3,049  2.2  1,530  1.0 
Loans in repayment status:
Loans current 114,669  97.8  % 130,018  97.7  % 147,690  98.0  %
Loans delinquent 31-60 days 858  0.7  1,253  0.9  1,246  0.8 
Loans delinquent 61-90 days 854  0.7  515  0.4  564  0.4 
Loans delinquent 91 days or greater 906  0.8  1,280  1.0  1,151  0.8 
Total loans in repayment 117,287  95.5  100.0  % 133,066  95.6  100.0  % 150,651  96.2  100.0  %
Total private education loans 122,818  100.0  % 139,209  100.0  % 156,614  100.0  %
Accrued interest receivable 1,062  1,120  1,299 
Loan discount, net of unamortized premiums (3,474) (4,317) (5,162)
Allowance for loan losses (6,239) (6,894) (7,406)
Total private education loans and accrued interest receivable, net of allowance for loan losses $ 114,167  $ 129,118  $ 145,345 
Consumer loans and other financing receivables - Non-Nelnet Bank:
Loans in forbearance $ 1,489  0.1  % $ 1,698  0.2  % $ 1,355  0.3  %
Loans in repayment status:
Loans current 1,173,003  96.8  % 1,085,883  96.9  % 399,263  97.3  %
Loans delinquent 31-60 days 15,436  1.3  13,723  1.2  3,731  0.9 
Loans delinquent 61-90 days 11,384  0.9  10,797  1.0  3,096  0.8 
Loans delinquent 91 days or greater 12,244  1.0  10,616  0.9  4,025  1.0 
Total loans in repayment 1,212,067  99.9  100.0  % 1,121,019  99.8  100.0  % 410,115  99.7  100.0  %
Total consumer loans and other financing receivables 1,213,556  100.0  % 1,122,717  100.0  % 411,470  100.0  %
Accrued interest receivable 2,238  1,497  2,260 
Loan discount and deferred lender fees, net of unamortized premiums (20,524) (17,845) (6,296)
Allowance for loan losses (92,215) (57,360) (48,028)
Total consumer loans and other financing receivables and accrued interest receivable, net of allowance for loan losses $ 1,103,055  $ 1,049,009  $ 359,406 
Federally insured loans - Nelnet Bank (a):
Loans in-school/grace/deferment $ 29,991  3.5  % $ 6,162  3.6  % $ 2,665  2.5  %
Loans in forbearance 43,723  5.1  8,787  5.1  5,550  5.2 
Loans in repayment status:
Loans current 713,274  91.5  % 141,357  89.9  % 88,408  89.9  %
Loans delinquent 30-59 days 19,771  2.5  5,686  3.6  2,806  2.9 
Loans delinquent 60-89 days 13,982  1.8  2,703  1.7  2,001  2.0 
Loans delinquent 90-119 days 6,700  0.9  980  0.6  1,683  1.7 
Loans delinquent 120-270 days 18,696  2.4  4,844  3.1  2,495  2.5 
Loans delinquent 271 days or greater 7,204  0.9  1,801  1.1  947  1.0 
Total loans in repayment 779,627  91.4  100.0  % 157,371  91.3  100.0  % 98,340  92.3  100.0  %
Total federally insured loans 853,341  100.0  % 172,320  100.0  % 106,555  100.0  %
Accrued interest receivable 46,323  10,939  5,194 
Loan premium and deferred origination costs, net of unaccreted discount 6,174  910  1,221 
Allowance for loan losses (3,016) (676) (355)
Total federally insured loans and accrued interest receivable, net of allowance for loan losses $ 902,822  $ 183,493  $ 112,615 
13



As of June 30, 2026 As of December 31, 2025 As of June 30, 2025
Private education loans - Nelnet Bank (a):
Loans in-school/grace/deferment $ 69,136  13.3  % $ 56,667  10.9  % $ 45,107  8.7  %
Loans in forbearance 1,342  0.3  1,684  0.3  1,926  0.4 
Loans in repayment status:
Loans current 443,365  98.3  % 451,221  98.0  % 460,426  98.0  %
Loans delinquent 30-59 days 2,639  0.6  4,001  0.9  3,102  0.7 
Loans delinquent 60-89 days 2,091  0.5  2,327  0.5  2,710  0.6 
Loans delinquent 90 days or greater 2,586  0.6  2,734  0.6  3,392  0.7 
Total loans in repayment 450,681  86.4  100.0  % 460,283  88.8  100.0  % 469,630  90.9  100.0  %
Total private education loans 521,159  100.0  % 518,634  100.0  % 516,663  100.0  %
Accrued interest receivable 8,726  6,599  5,540 
Loan discount, net of unamortized premiums and deferred origination costs (3,567) (5,686) (8,589)
Allowance for loan losses (12,609) (12,932) (12,360)
Total private education loans and accrued interest receivable, net of allowance for loan losses $ 513,709  $ 506,615  $ 501,254 
Consumer and other loans - Nelnet Bank (a):
Loans in deferment $ 9,911  3.7  % $ 10,006  3.8  % $ 8,538  4.2  %
Loans in repayment status:
Loans current 252,216  99.0  % 254,448  99.2  % 194,507  99.3  %
Loans delinquent 30-59 days 985  0.4  1,225  0.5  1,001  0.5 
Loans delinquent 60-89 days 935  0.4  560  0.2  193  0.1 
Loans delinquent 90 days or greater 550  0.2  369  0.1  184  0.1 
Total loans in repayment 254,686  96.3  100.0  % 256,602  96.2  100.0  % 195,885  95.8  100.0  %
Total consumer and other loans 264,597  100.0  % 266,608  100.0  % 204,423  100.0  %
Accrued interest receivable 2,365  1,838  1,346 
Loan premium, net of unaccreted discount 3,004  3,557  2,444 
Allowance for loan losses (12,813) (12,136) (9,573)
Total consumer and other loans and accrued interest receivable, net of allowance for loan losses $ 257,153  $ 259,867  $ 198,640 
(a) For the periods presented for Nelnet Bank, the delinquency bucket periods conform with the delinquency bucket periods reflected in Nelnet Bank's Call Reports filed with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
FICO Scores
An additional key credit quality indicator for Nelnet Bank private education and consumer loans is FICO scores at the time of origination or purchase. The following tables highlight the gross principal balance of Nelnet Bank's portfolios, by year of origination, stratified by FICO score at the time of origination or purchase:
Nelnet Bank Private Education Loans
Loan balance as of June 30, 2026
Six months ended June 30, 2026 2025 2024 2023 2022 Prior years Total Percent of total
FICO at origination or purchase:
Less than 705 $ 1,959  6,907  2,641  2,550  3,621  19,626  37,304  7.2  %
705 - 734 2,379  12,104  4,444  6,651  15,689  19,047  60,314  11.6 
735 - 764 2,948  16,514  5,118  6,536  24,589  29,207  84,912  16.3 
765 - 794 4,502  22,812  6,183  4,600  38,357  41,690  118,144  22.7 
Greater than 794 9,618  32,452  12,988  10,312  52,963  96,730  215,063  41.2 
No FICO score available or required (a)     1,858  3,564      5,422  1.0 
$ 21,406  90,789  33,232  34,213  135,219  206,300  521,159  100.0  %
14



Loan balance as of December 31, 2025
2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior years Total Percent of total
FICO at origination or purchase:
Less than 705 $ 5,540  2,788  2,909  4,061  3,519  18,772  37,589  7.2  %
705 - 734 9,056  4,795  7,480  17,048  6,565  14,410  59,354  11.4 
735 - 764 12,256  5,534  7,073  26,369  11,066  21,511  83,809  16.2 
765 - 794 16,293  6,471  5,035  40,851  20,858  26,025  115,533  22.3 
Greater than 794 23,370  14,017  11,819  57,404  40,529  68,618  215,757  41.6 
No FICO score available or required (a)   2,275  4,317        6,592  1.3 
$ 66,515  35,880  38,633  145,733  82,537  149,336  518,634  100.0  %
Nelnet Bank Consumer and Other Loans
Loan balance as of June 30, 2026
Six months ended June 30, 2026 2025 2024 2023 2022 Prior years Total Percent of total
FICO at origination:
Less than 720 $ 413  12,537  15,245  1,600    1,220  31,015  11.7  %
720 - 769 2,099  22,707  32,934  3,485  13  10,749  71,987  27.2 
Greater than 769 8,285  47,706  43,070  5,371  56  7,421  111,909  42.3 
No FICO score available or required (a) 3,108  34,946  10,879  428  272  53  49,686  18.8 
$ 13,905  117,896  102,128  10,884  341  19,443  264,597  100.0  %
Loan balance as of December 31, 2025
2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior years Total Percent of total
FICO at origination:
Less than 720 $ 13,054  16,301  1,618    275  1,210  32,458  12.2  %
720 - 769 24,995  36,292  3,621  15  5,231  6,686  76,840  28.8 
Greater than 769 54,681  47,537  5,819  90  5,084  3,161  116,372  43.6 
No FICO score available or required (a) 30,719  9,473  431  259  53  3  40,938  15.4 
$ 123,449  109,603  11,489  364  10,643  11,060  266,608  100.0  %
(a)    Loans with no FICO score available or required refers to loans issued to borrowers for which the Company cannot obtain a FICO score or are not required to under a special purpose credit program. Management proactively assesses the risk and size of this loan category and, when necessary, takes actions to mitigate the credit risk.
Nonaccrual Status
The Company does not place federally insured loans on nonaccrual status due to the government guaranty. The amortized cost of private education, consumer, and other loans on nonaccrual status, as well as the allowance for loan losses related to such loans, as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, was not material.

15



Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
The following table presents the amortized cost of the Company's private education, consumer, and other loans by loan status and delinquency amount as of June 30, 2026 based on year of origination. Effective July 1, 2010, no new loan originations can be made under the Federal Family Education Loan Program (the "FFEL Program" or FFELP) and all new federal loan originations must be made under the Federal Direct Loan Program. As such, all the Company’s federally insured loans were originated prior to July 1, 2010.
Six months ended June 30, 2026 2025 2024 2023 2022 Prior years Total
Private education loans - Non-Nelnet Bank:
Loans in-school/grace/deferment $         226  2,626  2,852 
Loans in forbearance         68  2,611  2,679 
Loans in repayment status:
Loans current       157  3,203  111,309  114,669 
Loans delinquent 31-60 days         17  841  858 
Loans delinquent 61-90 days           854  854 
Loans delinquent 91 days or greater         7  899  906 
Total loans in repayment       157  3,227  113,903  117,287 
Total private education loans $       157  3,521  119,140  122,818 
Accrued interest receivable 1,062 
Loan discount, net of unamortized premiums (3,474)
Allowance for loan losses (6,239)
Total private education loans and accrued interest receivable, net of allowance for loan losses $ 114,167 
Gross charge-offs - six months ended June 30, 2026 $         20  757  777 
Consumer loans and other financing receivables - Non-Nelnet Bank:
Loans in forbearance $ 62  171  441  815      1,489 
Loans in repayment status:
Loans current 970,862  173,954  15,398  11,232  1,181  376  1,173,003 
Loans delinquent 31-60 days 12,195  1,915  730  525  57  14  15,436 
Loans delinquent 61-90 days 8,994  1,442  622  312  12  2  11,384 
Loans delinquent 91 days or greater 7,409  2,936  995  808  72  24  12,244 
Total loans in repayment 999,460  180,247  17,745  12,877  1,322  416  1,212,067 
Total consumer loans and other financing receivables $ 999,522  180,418  18,186  13,692  1,322  416  1,213,556 
Accrued interest receivable 2,238 
Loan discount and deferred lender fees, net of unamortized premiums (20,524)
Allowance for loan losses (92,215)
Total consumer loans and other financing receivables and accrued interest receivable, net of allowance for loan losses $ 1,103,055 
Gross charge-offs - six months ended June 30, 2026 $ 5,794  36,101  9,724  2,949  927  34  55,529 
Private education loans - Nelnet Bank:
Loans in-school/grace/deferment $ 8,027  34,463  13,978  6,579  3,701  2,388  69,136 
Loans in forbearance   33    84  517  708  1,342 
Loans in repayment status:
Loans current 13,280  55,638  18,831  26,815  130,182  198,619  443,365 
Loans delinquent 30-59 days 67  222  173  105  467  1,605  2,639 
Loans delinquent 60-89 days 15  208  106  422  221  1,119  2,091 
Loans delinquent 90 days or greater 17  225  144  208  131  1,861  2,586 
Total loans in repayment 13,379  56,293  19,254  27,550  131,001  203,204  450,681 
Total private education loans $ 21,406  90,789  33,232  34,213  135,219  206,300  521,159 
Accrued interest receivable 8,726 
Loan discount, net of unamortized premiums and deferred origination costs (3,567)
Allowance for loan losses (12,609)
Total private education loans and accrued interest receivable, net of allowance for loan losses $ 513,709 
Gross charge-offs - six months ended June 30, 2026 $ 20  240  325  559  494  1,653  3,291 
16



Six months ended June 30, 2026 2025 2024 2023 2022 Prior years Total
Consumer and other loans - Nelnet Bank:
Loans in deferment $ 5,687  4,107  117        9,911 
Loans in repayment status:
Loans current 8,218  112,636  101,003  10,659  341  19,359  252,216 
Loans delinquent 30-59 days   274  600  107    4  985 
Loans delinquent 60-89 days   696  162      77  935 
Loans delinquent 90 days or greater   183  246  118    3  550 
Total loans in repayment 8,218  113,789  102,011  10,884  341  19,443  254,686 
Total consumer and other loans $ 13,905  117,896  102,128  10,884  341  19,443  264,597 
Accrued interest receivable 2,365 
Loan premium, net of unaccreted discount 3,004 
Allowance for loan losses (12,813)
Total consumer and other loans and accrued interest receivable, net of allowance for loan losses $ 257,153 
Gross charge-offs - six months ended June 30, 2026 $   518  1,360  71    229  2,178 
17



3.  Bonds and Notes Payable
The following tables summarize the Company’s outstanding debt obligations by type of instrument:
As of June 30, 2026
Carrying
amount
Interest rate
range
Final maturity
Variable-rate bonds and notes issued in FFELP loan asset-backed securitizations:
Bonds and notes based on indices $ 5,520,346 
3.99% - 5.76%
10/25/33 - 11/27/90
Bonds and notes based on auction 10,915 
4.74%
8/25/37
Total FFELP variable-rate bonds and notes 5,531,261 
Fixed-rate bonds and notes issued in FFELP loan asset-backed securitizations 277,696 
1.42% - 3.45%
10/25/67 - 8/27/68
FFELP loan warehouse facility 469,041 
4.72% / 4.73%
7/30/27
Consumer loan warehouse and other facilities 752,435 
4.92% - 5.42%
11/13/27 - 2/29/28
Variable-rate bonds and notes issued in private education loan asset-backed securitizations 27,414 
5.15% / 5.88%
6/25/49 / 11/25/53
Fixed-rate bonds and notes issued in private education loan asset-backed securitization 20,534 
7.15%
11/25/53
Unsecured line of credit   3/31/31
Participation agreements 796 
4.37% - 5.82%
5/4/27 / 7/28/32
7,079,177 
Discount on bonds and notes payable and debt issuance costs (36,021)
Total $ 7,043,156 
As of December 31, 2025
Carrying
amount
Interest rate
range
Final maturity
Variable-rate bonds and notes issued in FFELP loan asset-backed securitizations:
Bonds and notes based on indices $ 6,448,212 
4.35% - 5.85%
3/22/32 - 11/27/90
Bonds and notes based on auction 24,150 
0.01% - 5.10%
3/22/32 - 8/25/37
Total FFELP variable-rate bonds and notes 6,472,362 
Fixed-rate bonds and notes issued in FFELP loan asset-backed securitizations 302,791 
1.42% - 3.45%
10/25/67 - 8/27/68
FFELP loan warehouse facility 213,982 
4.83% / 4.84%
1/29/27
Consumer loan warehouse and other facilities 767,951 
5.01% - 5.67%
11/13/27 - 2/29/28
Variable-rate bonds and notes issued in private education loan asset-backed securitizations 35,770 
5.15% / 6.12%
6/25/49 / 11/25/53
Fixed-rate bonds and notes issued in private education loan asset-backed securitization 27,391 
7.15%
11/25/53
Unsecured line of credit   9/22/26
Participation agreements 1,322 
4.53% - 5.82%
5/4/26 / 7/28/32
7,821,569 
Discount on bonds and notes payable and debt issuance costs (40,642)
Total $ 7,780,927 
18



Warehouse and Other Facilities
The Company funds a portion of its loan acquisitions through the use of warehouse and other secured facilities. Loan warehousing allows the Company to buy and manage loans prior to transferring them into more permanent financing arrangements. The following table summarizes the Company's warehouse and other facilities as of June 30, 2026:
Type of loans Maximum financing amount Amount outstanding Amount available Expiration of liquidity provisions Final maturity date Advance rate Advanced as equity support
FFELP (a) $ 500,000  469,041  30,959  7/31/2026 7/30/2027 note (b) $ 30,143 
Consumer loans and other financing receivables $ 925,000  752,435  172,565 
11/13/2026 - 7/31/2027
11/13/2027 - 2/29/2028
50% - 90%
$ 107,953 
(a)    On January 30, 2026, the Company extended the liquidity provisions and final maturity date on this facility to July 31, 2026 and July 30, 2027, respectively. On May 5, 2026, the Company decreased the maximum financing amount from $800 million to $500 million. On July 31, 2026, the Company extended the liquidity provisions and final maturity date to September 30, 2026 and September 30, 2027, respectively.
(b)    This facility has a static advance rate until the expiration date of the liquidity provisions. The maximum advance rates for this facility are 90% to 96%, and the minimum advance rates are 84% to 90%. In the event the liquidity provisions are not extended, the valuation agent has the right to perform a one-time mark to market on the underlying loans funded in this facility, subject to a floor. The loans would then be funded at this new advance rate until the final maturity date of the facility.
Unsecured Line of Credit
On March 31, 2026, the Company entered into a new $435.0 million unsecured line of credit. In conjunction with entering into the new line of credit, the Company terminated its $495.0 million line of credit which had a scheduled maturity date of September 22, 2026. There was no outstanding balance on the $495.0 million line of credit on the date of termination.
Borrowings by the Company under the new line of credit will bear interest at rates that will vary based on market conditions, the Company's credit rating, interest elections by the Company under the agreement, and other factors at the time of the borrowings. The maturity date of the new line of credit is March 31, 2031.
The new line of credit contains affirmative and negative covenants, including, but not limited to, certain financial covenants related to maintenance of a minimum consolidated net worth, a limitation on recourse indebtedness to adjusted EBITDA, a limitation on permitted investments, and an asset quality test related to non-FFELP loans held by the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries. Any violation of these covenants could lead to an event of default under the agreement. The Company's obligations under the agreement are guaranteed by certain subsidiaries of the Company.
As of June 30, 2026, no amount was outstanding on the new line of credit and $435.0 million was available for future use.
Debt Repurchases
The Company has repurchased certain of its own asset-backed securities (bonds and notes payable) in the secondary market or retained such instruments upon initial issuance. For accounting purposes, these notes are eliminated in consolidation and are not included in the Company's consolidated financial statements. However, these securities remain legally outstanding at the trust level and the Company could sell these notes to third parties, redeem the notes at par as cash is generated by the trust estate, or pledge the securities as collateral on repurchase agreements. Upon a sale of these notes to third parties, the Company would obtain cash proceeds equal to the market value of the notes on the date of such sale. As of June 30, 2026, the Company holds $111.5 million (par value) of its own FFELP asset-backed securities. Upon sale, these notes would be shown as "bonds and notes payable" in the Company's consolidated balance sheet.
4.  Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company uses derivative financial instruments to manage interest rate risk. Derivative instruments used are described in note 6 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in the 2025 Annual Report.
Non-Nelnet Bank Derivatives
Basis Swaps
The following table summarizes the Company’s Basis Swaps outstanding as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 used to hedge its basis risk and repricing risk on a portion of its FFELP student loan assets. The Company has entered into basis swaps
19



in which the Company receives payments indexed to three-month SOFR and makes payments based on the one-month SOFR index (plus or minus a spread) as defined in the agreements.
Maturity Notional amount
2026 $ 1,150,000 
2027 250,000 
$ 1,400,000 
Interest Rate Swaps – Floor Income Hedges
The following table summarizes the outstanding derivative instruments used by the Company to economically hedge federally insured loans held by the Asset Generation and Management operating segment (Non-Nelnet Bank) that are earning fixed-rate floor income. For these derivative instruments, the Company receives payments based on SOFR, the majority of which reset quarterly.
As of June 30, 2026 As of December 31, 2025
Maturity Notional amount Weighted-average fixed rate paid by the Company Notional amount Weighted-average fixed rate paid by the Company
2026 $     % $ 200,000  3.92  %
2028 50,000  3.56  50,000  3.56 
2029 50,000  3.17  50,000  3.17 
2030 100,000  3.63  100,000  3.63 
$ 200,000  3.50  % $ 400,000  3.71  %
Nelnet Bank Derivatives
Nelnet Bank uses derivative instruments to hedge exposure to variability in cash flows from variable-rate intercompany and third-party deposits to minimize volatility from future changes in interest rates.
Interest Rate Swaps - Intercompany Deposits
Nelnet Bank's derivatives used to hedge intercompany deposits are structured so that each is economically effective; however, because these derivatives are hedging intercompany deposits, the derivative instruments are not eligible for hedge accounting in the consolidated financial statements. The following table summarizes the outstanding derivative instruments used by Nelnet Bank as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 to hedge intercompany deposits. For these derivatives, the Company receives monthly or quarterly payments based on SOFR that reset daily.
Maturity Notional amount Weighted-average fixed rate paid by the Company
2028 $ 40,000  3.33  %
2029 25,000  3.37 
2030 50,000  3.06 
2032 (a) 25,000  4.03 
2033 25,000  3.90 
2035 (b) 30,000  3.79 
$ 195,000  3.50  %
(a)    This $25 million notional amount derivative has a forward effective start date in February 2027.
(b)    This $30 million notional amount derivative has a forward effective start date in May 2028.
20



Interest Rate Swaps - Third-Party Deposits
The following table summarizes the outstanding derivative instruments used by Nelnet Bank as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 to hedge third-party deposits. For these derivative instruments, the Company receives monthly payments based on SOFR that reset monthly.
Maturity Notional amount Weighted-average fixed rate paid by the Company
2030 $ 25,000  3.57  %
2035 25,000  3.87 
$ 50,000  3.72  %
Consolidated Financial Statement Impact Related to Derivatives
Balance Sheets
Certain derivatives are not cleared post-execution at a regulated clearinghouse. As such, the Company records these derivative instruments in the consolidated balance sheets on a gross basis as either an asset (included in "other assets") or liability (included in "other liabilities") measured at fair value. The following table summarizes the fair value of these derivatives as reflected in the consolidated balance sheets:
Fair value of asset derivatives Fair value of liability derivatives
As of June 30, 2026 As of December 31, 2025 As of June 30, 2026 As of December 31, 2025
Nelnet Bank interest rate swaps - intercompany deposits $ 2,379  614  295  1,243 
Nelnet Bank interest rate swaps - third-party deposits (cash flow hedges) 383      484 
Other derivative instruments 14       
$ 2,776  614  295  1,727 
Statements of Income
The following table summarizes the components of "derivative market value adjustments and derivative settlements, net" included in the consolidated statements of income related to derivative instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting:
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2026 2025 2026 2025
Settlements:
Basis swaps $ 154  154  307  307 
Interest rate swaps - floor income hedges (65) 427  (114) 855 
Interest rate swaps - Nelnet Bank intercompany deposits 77  163  116  327 
Other derivative instruments     437   
Total settlements - income 166  744  746  1,489 
Change in fair value:
Basis swaps (150) (143) (298) (281)
Interest rate swaps - floor income hedges 2,108  (2,022) 3,750  (5,680)
Interest rate swaps - Nelnet Bank intercompany deposits 1,714  (1,701) 2,714  (4,229)
Other derivative instruments 14    (893)  
Total change in fair value - income (expense) 3,686  (3,866) 5,273  (10,190)
Derivative market value adjustments and derivative settlements, net - income (expense) $ 3,852  (3,122) 6,019  (8,701)
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5.  Investments and Notes Receivable
“Total investments and notes receivable” consisted of the following:
As of June 30, 2026 As of December 31, 2025
Amortized cost Gross unrealized gains Gross unrealized losses Fair value Amortized cost Gross unrealized gains Gross unrealized losses Fair value
Investments at fair value:
Available-for-sale asset-backed securities
Non-Nelnet Bank:
FFELP loan $ 43,466  2,878  (146) 46,198  36,824  2,950  (129) 39,645 
FFELP loan and other debt securities - restricted (a) 192,387  3,045  (662) 194,770  172,739  3,384  (323) 175,800 
Private education loan (b) 177,299  90  (12,258) 165,131  197,568  20  (13,436) 184,152 
Other debt securities 114,801  2,628  (70) 117,359  55,874  2,528    58,402 
Total Non-Nelnet Bank 527,953  8,641  (13,136) 523,458  463,005  8,882  (13,888) 457,999 
Nelnet Bank:
FFELP loan 244,004  6,109  (778) 249,335  258,208  6,513  (798) 263,923 
Private education loan 11,815    (35) 11,780  13,623    (37) 13,586 
Other debt securities 797,091  721  (4,045) 793,767  569,528  1,433  (1,481) 569,480 
Total Nelnet Bank 1,052,910  6,830  (4,858) 1,054,882  841,359  7,946  (2,316) 846,989 
Total available-for-sale asset-backed securities $ 1,580,863  15,471  (17,994) 1,578,340  1,304,364  16,828  (16,204) 1,304,988 
Equity securities and funds measured at net asset value 123,052  109,648 
Total investments at fair value 1,701,392  1,414,636 
Other investments and notes receivable (not measured at fair value):
Nelnet Bank: Held-to-maturity asset-backed securities - FFELP loan 210,908  211,299 
Venture capital, funds, and other:
Measurement alternative 236,062  227,962 
Equity method 258,331  248,253 
Total venture capital and funds 494,393  476,215 
Real estate equity method 272,713  233,167 
ALLO:
Voting interest/equity method    
Preferred membership interest 23,500  10,148 
Total interest in ALLO 23,500  10,148 
Beneficial interest in loan securitizations (c):
Consumer and private education loans, net of allowance for credit losses of $55,123 and $50,802 as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively
173,752  180,262 
Federally insured student loans 15,100  14,568 
Total beneficial interest in loan securitizations, net of allowance 188,852  194,830 
Solar (d) (286,992) (240,370)
Notes receivable 41,772  32,085 
Tax liens, affordable housing, and other 22,206  15,961 
Total other investments and notes receivable (not measured at fair value) 967,352  933,335 
Total investments and notes receivable $ 2,668,744  $ 2,347,971 
(a)Represent investments held in third-party trusts as collateral for the Company’s reinsurance business.
(b)As sponsor of certain private education loan securitizations, the Company is required to provide a certain level of risk retention, and has purchased bonds issued in such securitizations to satisfy this requirement. The Company must retain these investment securities until the aggregate outstanding loan or bond balances in the securitization are met, at which time the Company can sell its investment securities (bonds) to a third party. The bonds purchased to satisfy the risk retention requirement are included in the above table and as of June 30, 2026, the amortized cost and fair value of these securities was $177.1 million and $164.9 million, respectively.
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(c)The Company has partial ownership in certain securitizations. As of the latest remittance reports filed by the various trusts prior to or as of June 30, 2026, the Company's ownership correlates to approximately $950 million, $350 million, and $280 million of consumer, private education, and federally insured student loans, respectively, included in these securitizations.
The Company has recorded an allowance for credit losses (and related provision expense) related to certain loan securitizations, due primarily to an increase in cumulative loss expectations, of $2.4 million and $5.0 million during the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, and $6.6 million and $6.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, which is included in “provision for beneficial interests” on the consolidated statements of income.
(d)As of June 30, 2026, the Company has contributed a total of $367.6 million and its third-party partners have contributed $469.7 million in tax equity to renewable energy solar partnerships that remain outstanding. The Company's carrying value in a solar project is reduced by tax credits earned when the solar project is placed in service. As of June 30, 2026, the Company and its third-party partners have earned $423.1 million and $464.2 million, respectively, of tax credits on those projects that remain outstanding. The Company’s negative carrying value related to solar tax partnerships on the consolidated balance sheet of $287.0 million as of June 30, 2026 represents the sum of total tax credits earned on solar projects placed in service and the calculated hypothetical liquidation at book value ("HLBV") cumulative net losses through June 30, 2026 being larger than the total contributions made by the Company and its syndication partners on such projects. The negative carrying value as of June 30, 2026, excluding the portion owned by syndication partners that is reflected as "noncontrolling interests" on the consolidated balance sheet, was $131.4 million.
The following table presents (i) HLBV losses recognized by the Company and gains recognized upon the sale of partnership interests, including amounts attributable to third-party noncontrolling interest partners (syndication partners), which are included in “other, net” in "other income (expense)" on the consolidated statements of income, (ii) solar net losses attributed to noncontrolling interest partners included in “net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests” on the consolidated statements of income, and (iii) the recognized pre-tax net (loss) gain attributable to the Company:
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2026 2025 2026 2025
Losses from HLBV accounting (gross) $ (29,351) (6,463) (51,882) (9,079)
Gains from sales (gross) 6,854  4,961  6,854  8,033 
Losses from solar investments (gross) (22,497) (1,502) (45,028) (1,046)
Less: losses attributable to noncontrolling members (19,491) (3,159) (32,936) (4,204)
Net (loss) gain attributable to the Company $ (3,006) 1,657  (12,092) 3,158 
The following table presents, by remaining contractual maturity, the amortized cost and fair value of debt securities:
As of June 30, 2026
1 year or less After 1 year through 5 years After 5 years through 10 years After 10 years Total
Available-for-sale asset-backed securities
Non-Nelnet Bank:
FFELP loan $   206  2,543  40,717  43,466 
FFELP loan and other debt securities - restricted   6,158  54,040  132,189  192,387 
Private education loan     215  177,084  177,299 
Other debt securities 100    11,687  103,014  114,801 
Total Non-Nelnet Bank 100  6,364  68,485  453,004  527,953 
Fair value 100  6,446  68,319  448,593  523,458 
Nelnet Bank:
FFELP loan 40,757  11,913  17,536  173,798  244,004 
Private education loan     11,720  95  11,815 
Other debt securities   17,436  130,261  649,394  797,091 
Total Nelnet Bank 40,757  29,349  159,517  823,287  1,052,910 
Fair value 40,472  29,292  159,507  825,611  1,054,882 
Total available-for-sale asset-backed securities at amortized cost $ 40,857  35,713  228,002  1,276,291  1,580,863 
Total available-for-sale asset-backed securities at fair value $ 40,572  35,738  227,826  1,274,204  1,578,340 
Held-to-maturity asset-backed securities
Nelnet Bank:
FFELP loan - amortized cost $   2,337  12,404  196,167  210,908 
FFELP loan - fair value $   2,336  12,201  200,436  214,973 
Beneficial interest in loan securitizations (a):
Amortized cost $         188,852 
Fair value $         202,812 
(a) The Company's beneficial interest in loan securitizations is not due at a single maturity date.
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The following table summarizes the unrealized positions for held-to-maturity asset-backed securities investments and the beneficial interest in loan securitizations as of June 30, 2026:
Carrying value Gross unrealized gains Gross unrealized losses Fair value
Asset-backed securities $ 210,908  4,869  (804) 214,973 
Beneficial interest in loan securitizations 188,852  14,885  (925) 202,812 
The following table presents securities classified as available-for-sale that have gross unrealized losses as of June 30, 2026 and the fair value of such securities as of June 30, 2026. These securities are segregated between investments that had been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than twelve months and twelve months or more, based on the point in time that the fair value declined below the amortized cost basis. All securities in the table below have been evaluated to determine if a credit loss exists. As part of that assessment, the Company concluded it currently has the intent and ability to retain these investments, and none of the unrealized losses were due to credit losses.
As of June 30, 2026
Unrealized loss position less than 12 months Unrealized loss position 12 months or more Total
Unrealized loss Fair value Unrealized loss Fair value Unrealized loss Fair value
Available-for-sale asset-backed securities
Non-Nelnet Bank:
FFELP loan $ (10) 7,921  (136) 2,408  (146) 10,329 
FFELP loan and other debt securities - restricted (379) 95,553  (283) 16,719  (662) 112,272 
Private education loan (7) 208  (12,251) 134,648  (12,258) 134,856 
Other debt securities (70) 17,401      (70) 17,401 
Total Non-Nelnet Bank (466) 121,083  (12,670) 153,775  (13,136) 274,858 
Nelnet Bank:
FFELP loan (154) 38,238  (624) 53,641  (778) 91,879 
Private education loan (1) 149  (34) 11,536  (35) 11,685 
Other debt securities (2,446) 434,731  (1,599) 41,695  (4,045) 476,426 
Total Nelnet Bank (2,601) 473,118  (2,257) 106,872  (4,858) 579,990 
Total available-for-sale asset-backed securities $ (3,067) 594,201  (14,927) 260,647  (17,994) 854,848 
The following table summarizes the gross proceeds received and gross realized gains and losses related to sales of available-for-sale asset-backed securities:
Three months ended Six months ended
June 30, June 30,
2026 2025 2026 2025
Gross proceeds from sales $ 100,488  34,828  148,021  109,609 
Gross realized gains $ 535  622  966  1,555 
Gross realized losses (56) (27) (64) (478)
Net gains $ 479  595  902  1,077 
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Equity securities and funds measured at net asset value
The following table summarizes the unrealized gains and losses related to equity securities and funds measured at net asset value held at June 30, 2026 and 2025. Realized and unrealized gains/losses are included in "other, net" in "other income (expense)" on the consolidated statements of income.
Three months ended Six months ended
June 30, June 30,
2026 2025 2026 2025
Unrealized gains recognized during the period, net $ 10,489  2,752  2,688  4,134 
Less: realized losses on securities sold during the period, net 421    1,879   
Unrealized gains on securities still held as of the reporting date, net $ 10,068  2,752  809  4,134 
6. Business Combination
Nelnet Diversified Services Canada, Inc.
On February 2, 2026, the Company acquired 100 percent of the outstanding stock of a wholly owned subsidiary of DH Corporation. The acquired entity was subsequently renamed Nelnet Diversified Services Canada, Inc. ("NDS Canada"). During the three months ended June 30, 2026, the Company finalized the post-closing working capital adjustment. As a result, consideration transferred increased by CAD $2.6 million (USD $1.8 million) from the preliminary amount previously reported. Accordingly, the purchase price was revised from CAD $144.2 million (USD $105.8 million) to CAD $146.8 million (USD $107.6 million). The increase was recorded as a measurement period adjustment and resulted in a corresponding increase to goodwill.
NDS Canada is a Canadian student loan servicing business that services Canadian student loans for governments and a financial institution, providing assistance programs that include loan origination, disbursement, servicing, customer support, delinquency management, and reporting. The acquisition of NDS Canada has expanded the Company's portfolio of loans it services. The operating results of NDS Canada are included in the Loan Servicing and Systems operating segment.
The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date. During the three months ended June 30, 2026, the Company recognized certain adjustments to the provisional amounts recorded on the acquisition date that were needed to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date. The impact of these adjustments had no impact on operating results.
Restricted cash - due to customers $ 302,901 
Accounts receivable 17,590 
Other assets 336 
Intangible assets 69,805 
Excess cost over fair value of net assets acquired (goodwill) 47,814 
Other liabilities (27,898)
Due to customers (302,901)
Net assets acquired $ 107,647 
The $69.8 million of acquired intangible assets on the date of acquisition had a weighted-average useful life of approximately 6 years. The intangible assets that made up this amount include customer relationships of $43.5 million (7-year useful life) and software of $26.3 million (5-year useful life).
The $47.8 million of goodwill was assigned to the Loan Servicing and Systems operating segment and is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes. The amount allocated to goodwill was primarily attributed to expected future economic benefits associated with the Company's servicing expertise and scale supporting NDS Canada's ongoing operations, along with the deferred tax liability related to the differences between the carrying amounts and tax bases of acquired identifiable intangible assets.
NDS Canada's assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded by the Company at their respective fair values at the date of acquisition, and NDS Canada's operating results from the date of acquisition forward are included in the Company's consolidated operating results. The pro forma impacts of the NDS Canada acquisition on the Company's historical results prior to the acquisition were not material.
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7. Intangible Assets
Intangible assets consisted of the following:
Weighted-average remaining useful life as of
June 30, 2026 (months)
As of As of
June 30, 2026 December 31, 2025
Amortizable intangible assets, net:
Customer relationships (net of accumulated amortization of $64,445 and $58,561, respectively)
78 $ 70,815  29,283 
Computer software (net of accumulated amortization of $2,344)
54 25,188   
Total amortizable intangible assets, net 72 $ 96,003  29,283 
The Company recorded amortization expense on its intangible assets of $4.7 million and $1.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, and $8.4 million and $3.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The Company will continue to amortize intangible assets over their remaining useful lives. As of June 30, 2026, the Company estimates it will record amortization expense as follows:
2026 (July 1 - December 31) $ 9,363 
2027 18,657 
2028 18,412 
2029 15,596 
2030 15,377 
2031 and thereafter 18,598 
$ 96,003 
8. Goodwill
The change in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable operating segment was as follows:
Nelnet Financial Services
Loan Servicing and Systems Education Technology Services and Payments Asset
Generation and
Management
Nelnet Bank NFS Other Operating Segments Corporate and Other Activities Total
Goodwill as of December 31, 2025 $ 23,639  92,507  41,883        158,029 
Goodwill acquired during the period (NDS Canada) 46,969            46,969 
Foreign currency translation (1,068)           (1,068)
Goodwill as of March 31, 2026 69,540  92,507  41,883        203,930 
Goodwill acquired during the period (a)   3,017          3,017 
NDS Canada purchase price allocation adjustment 845            845 
Foreign currency translation (845) (112)         (957)
Goodwill as of June 30, 2026 $ 69,540  95,412  41,883        206,835 
(a)    On April 30, 2026, the Company acquired 100 percent of the outstanding stock of Australia‑based Invision Digital Pty Ltd, which was subsequently renamed Invision Marketing Services PTY Ltd and is the owner of the Passtab brand. Passtab is a leading school visitor, contractor, and compliance management platform, expanding Nelnet's global education technology offerings.
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9.  Bank Deposits
The following table summarizes Nelnet Bank’s deposits, excluding intercompany deposits:
As of As of
June 30, 2026 December 31, 2025
Retail and other savings $ 1,435,278  1,337,873 
Brokered CDs, net of brokered deposit fees 759,032  311,015 
Retail and other CDs, net of issuance fees 24,939  20,285 
Total interest-bearing deposits $ 2,219,249  1,669,173 
As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, Nelnet Bank had intercompany deposits from Nelnet, Inc. and its subsidiaries totaling $285.8 million and $93.8 million, respectively, including a $40.0 million pledged deposit from Nelnet, Inc. as required under a Capital and Liquidity Maintenance Agreement with the FDIC. All intercompany deposits held at Nelnet Bank are eliminated for consolidated financial reporting purposes.
The following table presents the remaining maturities of certificates of deposit as of June 30, 2026:
One year or less $ 618,698 
After one year to two years 8,842 
After two years to three years 61,935 
After three years to four years 20,588 
After four years to five years 19,850 
After five years 54,058 
Total $ 783,971 
Deposits that exceeded the FDIC insurance limits as of June 30, 2026 were $40.9 million, the majority of which were intercompany deposits from Nelnet, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
10.  Earnings per Common Share
The following table presents the components used to calculate basic and diluted earnings per share. The Company applies the two-class method in computing both basic and diluted earnings per share, which requires the calculation of separate earnings per share amounts for common stock and unvested share-based awards. Unvested share-based awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends are considered securities which participate in undistributed earnings with common stock.
Common shareholders Unvested restricted stock shareholders Total Common shareholders Unvested restricted stock shareholders Total
Three months ended June 30,
2026 2025
Numerator:
Net income attributable to Nelnet, Inc. $ 65,433  1,229  66,662  178,170  3,289  181,459 
Denominator:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted
35,373,041  664,468  36,037,509  35,824,313  661,292  36,485,605 
Earnings per share - basic and diluted $ 1.85  1.85  1.85  4.97  4.97  4.97 
Six months ended June 30,
2026 2025
Numerator:
Net income attributable to Nelnet, Inc. $ 135,287  2,501  137,788  259,158  4,860  264,018 
Denominator:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted
35,402,521  654,581  36,057,102  35,810,499  671,536  36,482,035 
Earnings per share - basic and diluted $ 3.82  3.82  3.82  7.24  7.24  7.24 
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11.  Segment Reporting
See note 16 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in the 2025 Annual Report for a description of the Company's operating segments. The following tables present the results of each of the Company's reportable operating segments reconciled to the consolidated financial statements:
Three months ended June 30, 2026
Reportable Segments Reconciling Items
Loan Servicing and Systems (LSS) Education Technology Services and Payments (ETSP) Asset
Generation and
Management
Nelnet Bank Total Reportable Segments NFS Other Operating Segments Corporate and Other Activities Eliminations/ Reclassifications Total
Interest income:
Loan interest $     140,264  24,334  164,598        164,598 
Investment interest 868  4,732  10,327  18,614  34,541  7,809  2,165  (4,200) 40,315 
Total interest income 868  4,732  150,591  42,948  199,139  7,809  2,165  (4,200) 204,913 
Interest expense 286    87,425  23,657  111,368  1,170  564  (4,200) 108,902 
Net interest income 582  4,732  63,166  19,291  87,771  6,639  1,601    96,011 
Less provision (negative provision) for loan losses     41,326  (249) 41,077        41,077 
Less provision for beneficial interests     2,441    2,441        2,441 
Net interest income after provision 582  4,732  19,399  19,540  44,253  6,639  1,601    52,493 
Other income (expense):
LSS revenue 132,244        132,244        132,244 
ETSP revenue   118,884      118,884        118,884 
Intersegment revenue 4,798  74      4,872      (4,872)  
Reinsurance premiums earned           40,625      40,625 
Solar construction revenue                  
Other, net (57) 1,902  19,765  564  22,174  11,122  (14,913) 16  18,399 
Gain on partial redemption of ALLO investment                  
Derivative settlements, net     89  77  166        166 
Derivative market value adjustments, net     1,972  1,714  3,686        3,686 
Total other income (expense), net 136,985  120,860  21,826  2,355  282,026  51,747  (14,913) (4,856) 314,004 
Cost of services and expenses:
Total cost of services 2,087  39,183      41,270        41,270 
Salaries and benefits 74,924  45,596  1,883  3,589  125,992  1,568  25,110  (6) 152,664 
Depreciation and amortization 5,071  2,442    306  7,819    2,323    10,142 
Reinsurance losses and underwriting expenses           32,809      32,809 
Postage expense 8,237  8,237  (8,237)  
Servicing fees 7,752  1,635  9,387  (9,387)  
Other expenses (a) 15,193  12,714  1,000  1,842  30,749  1,662  18,954  12,833  64,199 
Intersegment expenses, net 17,233  6,293  1,396  695  25,617  486  (26,028) (75)  
Total operating expenses 120,658  67,045  12,031  8,067  207,801  36,525  20,359  (4,872) 259,814 
Income (loss) before income taxes 14,822  19,364  29,194  13,828  77,208  21,861  (33,671) 16  65,413 
Income tax (expense) benefit (3,557) (4,648) (7,005) (3,310) (18,520) (5,247) 3,825    (19,942)
Net income (loss) 11,265  14,716  22,189  10,518  58,688  16,614  (29,846) 16  45,471 
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests     (9)   (9) 3  21,213  (16) 21,191 
Net income (loss) attributable to Nelnet, Inc. $ 11,265  14,716  22,180  10,518  58,679  16,617  (8,633)   66,662 
Total assets as of June 30, 2026 $ 704,764  519,834  8,877,882  2,997,294  13,099,774  1,093,814  681,431  (599,955) 14,275,064 
(a)    Other expenses for each reportable segment consist primarily of the following:
LSS - occupancy, professional fees, software, and computer services and subscriptions.
ETSP - advertising, professional fees, computer services and subscriptions, travel, and customer bad debt expense.
AGM - trustee fees, professional fees, and travel.
Nelnet Bank - marketing, consulting and professional fees, collection costs, software, FDIC insurance, travel, and management fee expense.
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Three months ended June 30, 2025
Reportable Segments Reconciling Items
Loan Servicing and Systems (LSS) Education Technology Services and Payments (ETSP) Asset
Generation and
Management
Nelnet Bank Total Reportable Segments NFS Other Operating Segments Corporate and Other Activities Eliminations/ Reclassifications Total
Interest income:
Loan interest $     157,300  14,804  172,104        172,104 
Investment interest 624  5,417  12,641  13,934  32,616  8,870  2,661  (3,963) 40,185 
Total interest income 624  5,417  169,941  28,738  204,720  8,870  2,661  (3,963) 212,289 
Interest expense     120,066  14,672  134,738  1,428  651  (3,963) 132,854 
Net interest income 624  5,417  49,875  14,066  69,982  7,442  2,010    79,435 
Less provision (negative provision) for loan losses     11,133  6,797  17,930        17,930 
Less provision for beneficial interests     4,977    4,977        4,977 
Net interest income after provision 624  5,417  33,765  7,269  47,075  7,442  2,010    56,528 
Other income (expense):
LSS revenue 120,724        120,724        120,724 
ETSP revenue   118,184      118,184        118,184 
Intersegment revenue 5,603  65      5,668      (5,668)  
Reinsurance premiums earned           26,112      26,112 
Solar construction revenue             1,259    1,259 
Other, net 113    7,507  392  8,012  5,265  9,603  96  22,976 
Gain on partial redemption of ALLO investment             175,044    175,044 
Derivative settlements, net     581  163  744        744 
Derivative market value adjustments, net     (2,165) (1,701) (3,866)       (3,866)
Total other income (expense), net 126,440  118,249  5,923  (1,146) 249,466  31,377  185,906  (5,572) 461,177 
Cost of services and expenses:
Total cost of services 1,845  39,844      41,689    14,050    55,739 
Salaries and benefits 65,549  41,598  1,469  2,791  111,407  539  22,784  (30) 134,699 
Depreciation and amortization 1,821  2,505    352  4,678    2,946    7,624 
Reinsurance losses and underwriting expenses           25,662      25,662 
Postage expense 9,551  9,551  (9,551)  
Servicing fees 7,102  824  7,926  (7,926)  
Other expenses (a) 11,099  9,904  2,464  1,969  25,436  2,206  17,006  11,969  56,617 
Intersegment expenses, net 17,240  6,273  1,260  652  25,425  321  (25,616) (130)  
Total operating expenses 105,260  60,280  12,295  6,588  184,423  28,728  17,120  (5,668) 224,602 
Income (loss) before income taxes 19,959  23,542  27,393  (465) 70,429  10,091  156,746  96  237,364 
Income tax (expense) benefit (4,790) (5,650) (6,569) 101  (16,908) (2,395) (40,207)   (59,510)
Net income (loss) 15,169  17,892  20,824  (364) 53,521  7,696  116,539  96  177,854 
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests     (23)   (23) (114) 3,838  (96) 3,605 
Net income (loss) attributable to Nelnet, Inc. $ 15,169  17,892  20,801  (364) 53,498  7,582  120,377    181,459 
Total assets as of June 30, 2025 $ 168,435  533,317  10,036,454  1,767,193  12,505,399  1,077,523  541,471  (413,305) 13,711,088 
(a)    Other expenses for each reportable segment consist primarily of the following:
LSS - communications, professional fees, collection costs, software, and computer services and subscriptions.
ETSP - advertising, professional fees, analysis fees, computer services and subscriptions, and travel.
AGM - trustee fees and professional fees.
Nelnet Bank - marketing, consulting and professional fees, collection costs, software, FDIC insurance, and management fee expense.

29



Six months ended June 30, 2026
Reportable Segments Reconciling Items
Loan Servicing and Systems (LSS) Education Technology Services and Payments (ETSP) Asset
Generation and
Management
Nelnet Bank Total Reportable Segments NFS Other Operating Segments Corporate and Other Activities Eliminations/ Reclassifications Total
Interest income:
Loan interest $     292,616  43,006  335,622        335,622 
Investment interest 2,008  10,851  20,987  35,178  69,024  16,326  5,300  (10,133) 80,517 
Total interest income 2,008  10,851  313,603  78,184  404,646  16,326  5,300  (10,133) 416,139 
Interest expense 834    182,981  41,064  224,879  2,544  1,195  (10,133) 218,485 
Net interest income 1,174  10,851  130,622  37,120  179,767  13,782  4,105    197,654 
Less provision (negative provision) for loan losses     89,792  4,529  94,321        94,321 
Less provision for beneficial interests     6,571    6,571        6,571 
Net interest income after provision 1,174  10,851  34,259  32,591  78,875  13,782  4,105    96,762 
Other income (expense):
LSS revenue 260,086        260,086        260,086 
ETSP revenue   273,319      273,319        273,319 
Intersegment revenue 9,804  145      9,949      (9,949)  
Reinsurance premiums earned           63,161      63,161 
Solar construction revenue                  
Other, net (267) 1,902  46,012  2,122  49,769  7,536  (28,493) 24  28,836 
Gain on partial redemption of ALLO investment                  
Derivative settlements, net     193  116  309    437    746 
Derivative market value adjustments, net     3,466  2,714  6,180    (907)   5,273 
Total other income (expense), net 269,623  275,366  49,671  4,952  599,612  70,697  (28,963) (9,925) 631,421 
Cost of services and expenses:
Total cost of services 4,174  89,136      93,310        93,310 
Salaries and benefits 142,545  88,292  3,511  6,504  240,852  3,081  48,125  (23) 292,035 
Depreciation and amortization 9,073  4,811    658  14,542    4,770    19,312 
Reinsurance losses and underwriting expenses           56,414      56,414 
Postage expense 17,043  17,043  (17,043)  
Servicing fees 15,904  2,862  18,766  (18,766)  
Other expenses (a) 29,386  24,474  2,051  3,120  59,031  2,923  38,056  26,028  126,038 
Intersegment expenses, net 33,952  12,326  2,748  1,352  50,378  943  (51,176) (145)  
Total operating expenses 231,999  129,903  24,214  14,496  400,612  63,361  39,775  (9,949) 493,799 
Income (loss) before income taxes 34,624  67,178  59,716  23,047  184,565  21,118  (64,633) 24  141,074 
Income tax (expense) benefit (8,309) (16,123) (14,325) (5,416) (44,173) (5,086) 9,256    (40,003)
Net income (loss) 26,315  51,055  45,391  17,631  140,392  16,032  (55,377) 24  101,071 
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests     (27)   (27) 72  36,696  (24) 36,717 
Net income (loss) attributable to Nelnet, Inc. $ 26,315  51,055  45,364  17,631  140,365  16,104  (18,681)   137,788 
Total assets as of June 30, 2026 $ 704,764  519,834  8,877,882  2,997,294  13,099,774  1,093,814  681,431  (599,955) 14,275,064 
(a)    Other expenses for each reportable segment consist primarily of the following:
LSS - occupancy, professional fees, software, and computer services and subscriptions.
ETSP - advertising, professional fees, computer services and subscriptions, travel, and customer bad debt expense.
AGM - trustee fees, professional fees, and travel.
Nelnet Bank - marketing, consulting and professional fees, collection costs, software, FDIC insurance, and management fee expense.
30



Six months ended June 30, 2025
Reportable Segments Reconciling Items
Loan Servicing and Systems (LSS) Education Technology Services and Payments (ETSP) Asset
Generation and
Management
Nelnet Bank Total Reportable Segments NFS Other Operating Segments Corporate and Other Activities Eliminations/ Reclassifications Total
Interest income:
Loan interest $     311,768  26,775  338,543        338,543 
Investment interest 1,345  12,356  25,411  26,430  65,542  17,690  4,973  (6,632) 81,574 
Total interest income 1,345  12,356  337,179  53,205  404,085  17,690  4,973  (6,632) 420,117 
Interest expense     234,369  26,749  261,118  2,198  1,284  (6,632) 257,968 
Net interest income 1,345  12,356  102,810  26,456  142,967  15,492  3,689    162,149 
Less provision (negative provision) for loan losses     24,144  9,123  33,267        33,267 
Less provision for beneficial interests     6,487    6,487        6,487 
Net interest income after provision 1,345  12,356  72,179  17,333  103,213  15,492  3,689    122,395 
Other income (expense):
LSS revenue 241,465        241,465        241,465 
ETSP revenue   265,515      265,515        265,515 
Intersegment revenue 11,287  129      11,416      (11,416)  
Reinsurance premiums earned           50,799      50,799 
Solar construction revenue             5,254    5,254 
Other, net 225    12,411  534  13,170  6,376  27,840  193  47,579 
Gain on partial redemption of ALLO investment             175,044    175,044 
Derivative settlements, net     1,162  327  1,489        1,489 
Derivative market value adjustments, net     (5,961) (4,229) (10,190)       (10,190)
Total other income (expense), net 252,977  265,644  7,612  (3,368) 522,865  57,175  208,138  (11,223) 776,955 
Cost of services and expenses:
Total cost of services 3,478  87,891      91,369    21,878    113,247 
Salaries and benefits 135,123  83,339  2,690  5,607  226,759  1,017  45,279  (134) 272,922 
Depreciation and amortization 4,474  4,936    691  10,101    6,778    16,879 
Reinsurance losses and underwriting expenses           47,874      47,874 
Postage expense 17,127  17,127  (17,127)  
Servicing fees 14,013  1,491  15,504  (15,504)  
Other expenses (a) 21,931  18,952  3,352  3,327  47,562  3,059  32,592  21,711  104,924 
Intersegment expenses, net 33,718  11,877  2,510  1,362  49,467  565  (49,670) (362)  
Total operating expenses 212,373  119,104  22,565  12,478  366,520  52,515  34,979  (11,416) 442,599 
Income (loss) before income taxes 38,471  71,005  57,226  1,487  168,189  20,152  154,970  193  343,504 
Income tax (expense) benefit (9,233) (17,052) (13,725) (333) (40,343) (4,779) (39,398)   (84,521)
Net income (loss) 29,238  53,953  43,501  1,154  127,846  15,373  115,572  193  258,983 
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests   45  (40)   5  (238) 5,461  (193) 5,035 
Net income (loss) attributable to Nelnet, Inc. $ 29,238  53,998  43,461  1,154  127,851  15,135  121,033    264,018 
Total assets as of June 30, 2025 $ 168,435  533,317  10,036,454  1,767,193  12,505,399  1,077,523  541,471  (413,305) 13,711,088 
(a)    Other expenses for each reportable segment consist primarily of the following:
LSS - communications, professional fees, collection costs, software, and computer services and subscriptions.
ETSP - advertising, professional fees, analysis fees, computer services and subscriptions, and travel.
AGM - trustee fees and professional fees.
Nelnet Bank - marketing, consulting and professional fees, collection costs, software, FDIC insurance, and management fee expense.

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12. Disaggregated Revenue
The following tables present disaggregated revenue for the Company's fee-based operating segments:
Loan Servicing and Systems
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2026 2025 2026 2025
Department of Education loan servicing $ 74,639  85,737  150,759  173,100 
Canada student loans (a) 17,685    29,016   
Private education and consumer loan servicing 26,114  22,733  51,775  45,426 
FFELP loan servicing 1,968  2,241  4,222  4,873 
Software services 11,384  9,452  23,147  16,444 
Outsourced services 454  561  1,167  1,622 
Loan servicing and systems revenue $ 132,244  120,724  260,086  241,465 
(a)    On February 2, 2026, the Company acquired a Canadian student loan servicing business, NDS Canada. The operating results of NDS Canada are included in the Company's consolidated operating results beginning on the acquisition date of February 2, 2026. See note 6 for additional information.
Education Technology Services and Payments
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2026 2025 2026 2025
Tuition payment plan services $ 37,005  36,013  78,859  76,085 
Payment processing 39,409  37,515  95,297  89,051 
Education technology services 42,312  44,481  98,426  100,177 
Other 158  175  737  202 
Education technology services and payments revenue $ 118,884  118,184  273,319  265,515 
Other Income (Expense)
The following table presents the components of "other, net" in "other income (expense)" on the consolidated statements of income:
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2026 2025 2026 2025
Investment activity, net $ 19,643  14,837  35,794  28,412 
Borrower late fee income 7,791  1,642  16,249  3,231 
Administration/sponsor fee income 1,606  1,293  3,155  2,598 
Investment advisory services (WRCM) 1,380  1,504  2,715  2,977 
Loss from solar investments, net (22,497) (1,502) (45,028) (1,046)
Other 10,476  5,202  15,951  11,407 
Other, net $ 18,399  22,976  28,836  47,579 
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13.  Reinsurance
The following table presents reinsurance premiums written and earned and loss reserves, commissions, and broker fees:
Three months ended Six months ended
June 30, June 30,
2026 2025 2026 2025
Premiums written:
Assumed $ 59,131  55,798  103,902  110,404 
Ceded (17,159) (16,916) (32,009) (36,965)
Net premiums written $ 41,972  38,882  71,893  73,439 
Premiums earned:
Assumed $ 55,467  44,079  95,792  91,803 
Ceded (14,842) (17,967) (32,631) (41,004)
Net premiums earned $ 40,625  26,112  63,161  50,799 
Loss reserve, commissions, and broker fees:
Assumed $ 46,312  45,100  86,287  87,741 
Ceded (13,503) (19,438) (29,873) (39,867)
Reinsurance losses and underwriting expenses $ 32,809  25,662  56,414  47,874 
The Company’s loss reserve balance, net of amounts ceded to reinsurers, was $92.1 million and $72.3 million as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, which is included in "other liabilities" on the consolidated balance sheets.
14.  Major Customer
The Company earns loan servicing revenue from a servicing contract with the U.S. Department of Education (the "Department") that became effective in April 2023 and has a five-year base period, with 2 two-year and 1 one-year possible extensions. Revenue earned by the Company related to this contract was $74.6 million and $85.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, and $150.8 million and $173.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively.
15.  Fair Value
The following tables present the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
As of June 30, 2026 As of December 31, 2025
Level 1 Level 2 Total Level 1 Level 2 Total
Assets:
Investments:
Asset-backed debt securities - available-for-sale $ 100  1,578,240  1,578,340  100  1,304,888  1,304,988 
Equity securities 24,659    24,659  22,107    22,107 
Equity securities measured at net asset value (a) 98,393  87,541 
Total investments 24,759  1,578,240  1,701,392  22,207  1,304,888  1,414,636 
Derivative instruments   2,776  2,776    614  614 
Total assets $ 24,759  1,581,016  1,704,168  22,207  1,305,502  1,415,250 
Liabilities:
Derivative instruments $   295  295    1,727  1,727 
Total liabilities $   295  295    1,727  1,727 
(a)    In accordance with the Fair Value Measurements Topic of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification, certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.
33



The following table summarizes the fair values of all of the Company’s financial instruments on the consolidated balance sheets. The methodologies for estimating the fair value of financial assets and liabilities are described in note 24 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in the 2025 Annual Report.
As of June 30, 2026
Fair value Carrying value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Financial assets:
Loans receivable $ 9,718,535  9,259,416      9,718,535 
Accrued loan interest receivable 542,799  542,799    542,799   
Cash and cash equivalents 172,430  172,430  172,430     
Investments at fair value 1,701,392  1,701,392  24,759  1,578,240   
Investments - held-to-maturity asset-backed securities 214,973  210,908    214,973   
Notes receivable 41,772  41,772    41,772   
Beneficial interest in loan securitizations 202,812  188,852      202,812 
Restricted cash 285,845  285,845  285,845     
Restricted cash – due to customers 508,039  508,039  508,039     
Derivative instruments 2,776  2,776    2,776   
Financial liabilities:
Bonds and notes payable 7,065,938  7,043,156    7,065,938   
Accrued interest payable 16,265  16,265    16,265   
Bank deposits 2,206,275  2,219,249  1,187,152  1,019,123   
Due to customers 839,910  839,910  839,910     
Derivative instruments 295  295    295   
As of December 31, 2025
Fair value Carrying value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Financial assets:
Loans receivable $ 9,978,262  9,477,759      9,978,262 
Accrued loan interest receivable 528,936  528,936    528,936   
Cash and cash equivalents 295,983  295,983  295,983     
Investments at fair value 1,414,636  1,414,636  22,207  1,304,888   
Investments - held-to-maturity asset-backed securities 215,722  211,299    215,722   
Notes receivable 32,085  32,085    32,085   
Beneficial interest in loan securitizations 211,398  194,830      211,398 
Restricted cash 357,639  357,639  357,639     
Restricted cash – due to customers 319,924  319,924  319,924     
Derivative instruments 614  614    614   
Financial liabilities:
Bonds and notes payable 7,784,936  7,780,927    7,784,936   
Accrued interest payable 20,426  20,426    20,426   
Bank deposits 1,658,675  1,669,173  1,040,077  618,598   
Due to customers 457,844  457,844  457,844     
Derivative instruments 1,727  1,727    1,727   
ITEM 2.  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
(Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025. All dollars are in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted.)
The following discussion and analysis provides information that the Company’s management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of the consolidated results of operations and financial condition of the Company. The discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in the 2025 Annual Report.
34



Forward-looking and cautionary statements
This report contains forward-looking statements and information that are based on management's current expectations as of the date of this document. Statements that are not historical facts, including statements about the Company's plans and expectations for future financial condition, results of operations or economic performance, or that address management's plans and objectives for future operations, and statements that assume or are dependent upon future events, are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “assume,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “ensure,” “estimate,” “expect,” "focus," “forecast,” “future,” “intend,” “may,” "objective," “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” "pursue," “scheduled,” “should,” "strategy," “will,” “would,” and similar expressions, as well as statements in future tense, are intended to identify forward-looking statements.
The forward-looking statements are based on assumptions and analyses made by management in light of management's experience and its perception of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments, and other factors that management believes are appropriate under the circumstances. These statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, assumptions, and other factors that may cause the actual results and performance to be materially different from any future results or performance expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These factors include, among others, the risks and uncertainties set forth in the “Risk Factors” section of the 2025 Annual Report and include such risks and uncertainties as:
risks related to the ability to successfully maintain and increase allocated volumes of student loans serviced by the Company under existing and future servicing contracts with the Department, risks related to unfavorable contract modifications or interpretations, risks related to consistently meeting service requirements to avoid the assessment of performance penalties, and risks related to the Company's ability to comply with agreements with third-party customers for the servicing of Federal Direct Loan Program, Canadian, FFEL Program, private education, and consumer loans;
loan portfolio risks such as credit risk, prepayment risk, interest rate basis and repricing risk, risks related to the use of derivatives to manage exposure to interest rate fluctuations, uncertainties regarding the expected benefits from purchased securitized and unsecuritized FFELP, private education, consumer, and other loans, or residual interests therein, and initiatives to purchase additional FFELP, private education, consumer, and other loans;
financing and liquidity risks, including risks of changes in the interest rate environment;
risks from changes in the terms of education loans and in the educational credit and services markets resulting from changes in applicable laws, regulations, and government programs and budgets;
risks related to a breach of or failure in the Company's operational or information systems or infrastructure, or those of third-party vendors, including disclosure of confidential or personal information and/or damage to reputation resulting from cyber breaches;
risks related to use of artificial intelligence;
uncertainties inherent in forecasting future cash flows from student loan assets, including residual interests therein, and related asset-backed securitizations;
risks related to the ability of Nelnet Bank to achieve its business objectives and effectively deploy loan and deposit strategies and achieve expected market penetration;
risks related to the Company's solar tax equity partnerships, including risks of not being able to realize tax credits which remain subject to recapture by taxing authorities and risks from the impact of the enactment of the One Big Beautiful Bill that accelerates the expiration and phase out of solar energy credits;
risks and uncertainties related to other initiatives (and anticipated income therefrom) including venture capital, real estate, reinsurance, acquisitions, and other activities, including activities that are intended to diversify the Company both within and outside of its historical core education-related businesses;
risks and uncertainties associated with climate change; and
risks and uncertainties associated with litigation matters, maintaining compliance with the extensive regulatory requirements applicable to the Company's businesses, and uncertainties inherent in the estimates and assumptions about future events that management is required to make in the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
All forward-looking statements contained in this report are qualified by these cautionary statements and are made only as of the date of this document. Although the Company may from time to time voluntarily update or revise its prior forward-looking statements to reflect actual results or changes in the Company's expectations, the Company disclaims any commitment to do so except as required by law.
35



OVERVIEW
The Company is an operating holding company with primary businesses in consumer lending, loan servicing, payments, and technology-enabled services, many of which are focused on serving customers in the education sector. The Company conducts these activities both directly and through its wholly owned and majority-owned subsidiaries, and actively manages and operates its businesses on an integrated basis. Nelnet’s largest operating and technology platforms support loan servicing and education-related technology and payment solutions. A significant portion of the Company’s revenue is derived from net interest income earned on a portfolio of federally insured student loans, a substantial portion of which is serviced by the Company.
The Company has also broadened its operating business mix both within and beyond its historical education-focused activities. These businesses include banking and other financial services conducted through the Company’s bank and other subsidiaries, asset management and related customer-facing servicing, real estate development and management, reinsurance operations, renewable energy development, and selected strategic interests in early-stage, emerging growth, and other operating enterprises. The Company actively manages such businesses and holds interests in them for strategic and operational purposes.
GAAP Net Income and Non-GAAP Net Income, Excluding Adjustments
The Company prepares its financial statements and presents its financial results in accordance with GAAP. However, it also provides additional non-GAAP financial information related to specific items management believes to be important in the evaluation of its operating results and performance. A reconciliation of the Company's GAAP net income to Non-GAAP net income excluding derivative market value adjustments, and a discussion of why the Company believes providing this additional information is useful to investors, are provided below.
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2026 2025 2026 2025
GAAP net income attributable to Nelnet, Inc. $ 66,662  181,459  137,788  264,018 
Realized and unrealized derivative market value adjustments (a) (3,686) 3,866  (5,273) 10,190 
Tax effect (b) 885  (928) 1,266  (2,446)
Non-GAAP net income attributable to Nelnet, Inc., excluding derivative market value adjustments $ 63,861  184,397  133,781  271,762 
Earnings per share:
GAAP net income attributable to Nelnet, Inc. $ 1.85  4.97  3.82  7.24 
Realized and unrealized derivative market value adjustments (a) (0.10) 0.11  (0.15) 0.28 
Tax effect (b) 0.02  (0.03) 0.04  (0.07)
Non-GAAP net income attributable to Nelnet, Inc., excluding derivative market value adjustments $ 1.77  5.05  3.71  7.45 
(a) "Derivative market value adjustments" includes both the realized portion of gains and losses (corresponding to variation margin received or paid on derivative instruments that are settled daily at a central clearinghouse) and the unrealized portion of gains and losses that are caused by changes in fair values of derivatives which do not qualify for "hedge treatment" under GAAP. "Derivative market value adjustments" does not include "derivative settlements" that represent the cash paid or received during the respective period to settle with derivative instrument counterparties the economic effect of the Company's derivative instruments based on their contractual terms.

The accounting for derivatives requires that changes in the fair value of derivative instruments be recognized currently in earnings, with no fair value adjustment of the hedged item, unless specific hedge accounting criteria are met. Management has structured all of the Company’s derivative transactions with the intent that each is economically effective; however, the majority of the Company’s derivative instruments do not qualify for hedge accounting in the consolidated financial statements. As a result, the change in fair value for the derivative instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting is reported in current period earnings with no consideration for the corresponding change in fair value of the hedged item. Under GAAP, the cumulative net realized and unrealized gain or loss caused by changes in fair values of derivatives in which the Company plans to hold to maturity will generally equal zero over the life of the contract. However, the net realized and unrealized gain or loss during any given reporting period fluctuates significantly from period to period.

The Company believes these point-in-time estimates of asset and liability values related to its derivative instruments that are subject to interest rate fluctuations are subject to volatility mostly due to timing and market factors beyond the control of management, and affect the period-to-period comparability of the results of operations. Accordingly, the Company’s management utilizes operating results excluding these items for comparability purposes when making decisions regarding the Company’s performance and in presentations with credit rating agencies, lenders, and investors. Consequently, the Company reports this non-GAAP information because the Company believes that it provides additional information regarding operational and performance indicators that are closely assessed by management and represents what earnings would have been had these derivatives qualified for hedge accounting. There is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for the presentation of such non-GAAP information, which is only meant to supplement GAAP results by providing additional information that management utilizes to assess performance.
(b)The tax effects are calculated by multiplying the realized and unrealized derivative market value adjustments by the applicable statutory income tax rate.
36



Operating Segments
The Company's reportable operating segments are described in note 1 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in the 2025 Annual Report. They include:
Loan Servicing and Systems (LSS) - referred to as Nelnet Diversified Services (NDS)
Education Technology Services and Payments (ETSP) - referred to as Nelnet Business Services (NBS)
Asset Generation and Management (AGM), part of the Nelnet Financial Services (NFS) division
Nelnet Bank, part of the NFS division
The Company earns fee-based revenue through its NDS and NBS reportable operating segments. The Company earns net interest income on its loan portfolio, consisting primarily of FFELP loans, through its AGM reportable operating segment. This segment is expected to generate significant amounts of cash as the FFELP portfolio amortizes. The Company actively works to maximize the amount and timing of cash flows generated from its FFELP portfolio and seeks to acquire additional loan assets to leverage its servicing scale and expertise to generate incremental earnings and cash flow. Nelnet Bank operates as an internet industrial bank franchise focused on the private education and unsecured consumer loan markets, with a home office in Salt Lake City, Utah.
In addition to AGM and Nelnet Bank being part of the NFS division, NFS's other operating segments that are not reportable include the operating results of:
Nelnet Insurance Services, which primarily includes multiple reinsurance treaties on property and casualty policies
Whitetail Rock Capital Management, LLC (WRCM), the Company's U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)-registered investment advisor subsidiary
The Company’s ownership and activities in real estate
The Company’s ownership and management of its bond portfolio (primarily student loan and other asset-backed securities) and certain marketable equity securities
Other business activities and operating segments that are not reportable and not part of the NFS division are combined and included in Corporate and Other Activities ("Corporate"). Corporate includes the following items:
Shared service activities related to human resources, accounting, legal, enterprise risk management, information technology, occupancy, and marketing. These costs are allocated to each operating segment based on estimated use of such activities and services
Corporate costs and overhead functions not allocated to operating segments, including executive management, innovation initiatives, and other holding company organizational costs
The operating results of the Company’s participation in renewable energy solar developments through tax equity structures and administrative and management services provided by the Company on solar tax equity investments made by third parties
The operating results of Nelnet Renewable Energy (NRE), a solar engineering, procurement, and construction business, which the Company sold during the fourth quarter of 2025, but retained a limited number of construction contracts to complete following the sale
The operating results of certain of the Company’s investment activities, including its ownership in ALLO and early-stage and emerging growth companies (venture capital)
Interest income earned on cash balances held at the corporate level
Other product and service offerings that are not considered reportable operating segments
37



The information below presents the operating results (net income (loss) before taxes) for each of the Company's reportable and certain other operating segments reconciled to the consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025. See "Results of Operations" for additional detail regarding each reportable operating segment, the NFS operating segments, and Corporate and Other Activities under this Item 2.
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2026 2025 2026 2025
NDS $ 14,822  19,959  34,624  38,471 
NBS 19,364  23,542  67,178  71,005 
Nelnet Financial Services division:
AGM 29,194  27,393  59,716  57,226 
Nelnet Bank 13,828  (465) 23,047  1,487 
NFS other operating segments 21,861  10,091  21,118  20,152 
Corporate:
Unallocated shared services and corporate costs (13,596) (11,923) (24,703) (21,911)
Solar tax equity (21,642) (1,892) (43,966) (686)
Nelnet Renewable Energy - solar construction (390) (17,601) (2,571) (24,175)
Other corporate operating segments 1,973  188,258  6,631  201,935 
Net income before taxes 65,413  237,364  141,074  343,504 
Income tax expense (19,942) (59,510) (40,003) (84,521)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests 21,191  3,605  36,717  5,035 
Net income $ 66,662  181,459  137,788  264,018 
Impact of Transactions on 2026 Operating Results
Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 compared to the same periods in 2025 were influenced by several transactions that significantly affected certain components of income. The impacts of these items are summarized below to provide additional context for the Company’s financial performance during the period.
Nelnet Bank
In its initial years, Nelnet Bank incurred operating losses as it invested in the personnel and infrastructure needed to support future growth. As the bank has matured, operating expenses have stabilized while loan and deposit balances have continued to expand. This operating leverage has contributed to increased net interest income and net income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, compared with the corresponding periods in 2025.
During 2026, the Company’s AGM operating segment contributed certain student loan trusts to Nelnet Bank, including $716.3 million of federally insured loans. Following these contributions, Nelnet Bank repaid the related securitization debt and funded the loans with deposits. These transactions were a significant contributor to the increase in Nelnet Bank's loan balance during 2026.
NFS Other Operating Segments
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, the Company recognized an unrealized gain of $8.6 million and an unrealized loss of $1.1 million, respectively, from changes in the fair value of certain marketable equity securities. These fair value adjustments were a significant driver of the increase in income before income taxes for the NFS other operating segments in the second quarter of 2026 compared with the prior-year period; however, they had only a limited impact on the year-to-date comparison. Operating results may continue to fluctuate and be impacted in future periods by fair value adjustments of marketable equity securities.
Solar Tax Equity
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, the Company recognized $22.5 million and $45.0 million of losses related to its solar tax equity partnerships, respectively. These losses reflect the accounting treatment required under the HLBV method and were influenced by contributions made to these partnerships in recent periods. The HLBV method commonly results in the recognition of accelerated losses in the early years of a partnership. The Company consolidates its solar tax equity partnerships because it holds management and control rights, with third‑party investor interests reflected as noncontrolling interests. Losses attributable to noncontrolling interest partners totaled $19.5 million and $32.9 million for the three and six
38



months ended June 30, 2026, and are included in “net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests” in the table above. See note 5 of the notes to consolidated financial statements in this report for additional information.
Nelnet Renewable Energy (NRE)
NRE was the Company’s solar construction subsidiary, providing full‑service engineering, procurement, and construction services. Following its acquisition, NRE experienced low and, in certain cases, negative project margins. In addition, changes in legislation reducing clean energy tax incentives, tariff uncertainty, and rising construction costs adversely affected NRE's revenue and operating results. As a result of these factors, the Company sold NRE in November 2025. Although the Company retained a limited number of construction contracts to complete following the sale, the Company does not expect the operating results from such contracts to be significant in future periods.
ALLO Investment
During the three months ended June 30, 2025, the Company recognized a $175.0 million gain on a partial redemption of the Company's voting membership interests in ALLO. In addition, ALLO redeemed all of the Company's preferred membership interests in ALLO that were outstanding at that time. Included in the Company's operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 was $6.0 million and $14.4 million of ALLO preferred return, respectively. The operating results from the Company's investment in ALLO is included in "other corporate operating segments" in the table above.
CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
An analysis of the Company's consolidated operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 compared with the same periods in 2025 is provided below.
The Company operates as distinct reportable operating segments as described above. For a reconciliation of the reportable segment operating results to the consolidated results of operations, see note 11 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included under Part I, Item 1 of this report. Since the Company monitors and assesses its operations and results based on these segments, the discussion following the consolidated results of operations is presented on a reportable segment basis.
Three months ended Six months ended
June 30, June 30,
2026 2025 2026 2025 Additional information
Loan interest $ 164,598  172,104  335,622  338,543  Decrease was due to a decrease in the average consolidated balance of FFELP loans and gross yield earned on loans, partially offset by an increase in loan discount accretion and the average balance of consumer and other loans held within the AGM and Nelnet Bank operating segments.
Investment interest 40,315  40,185  80,517  81,574  Includes income from operating cash, investments, and restricted cash in asset-backed securitizations. Decrease was due to a decrease in interest rates and interest earned on restricted cash in asset-backed securitizations due to lower balances. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in the average balance of other investments.
Total interest income 204,913  212,289  416,139  420,117 
Interest expense 108,902  132,854  218,485  257,968  Decrease was due to a decrease in the average balance of debt outstanding and decrease in cost of funds. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in interest expense on larger deposit balances at Nelnet Bank.
Net interest income 96,011  79,435  197,654  162,149 
Less provision for loan losses 41,077  17,930  94,321  33,267 
Represents the current period provision to reflect the lifetime expected credit losses related to the Company's loan portfolio. The increase was driven by the establishment of an initial allowance for loans originated and acquired during the periods, including the significant increase in the volume of Pay Later receivables acquired since the third quarter of 2025. See note 2 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included under Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional information.
Less provision for beneficial interests 2,441  4,977  6,571  6,487 
Represents the current period provision expense related to the Company’s beneficial interest in certain loan securitizations. See note 5 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included under Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional information.
Net interest income after provision 52,493  56,528  96,762  122,395 
Other income (expense):
LSS revenue 132,244  120,724  260,086  241,465  See LSS operating segment - results of operations.
ETSP revenue 118,884  118,184  273,319  265,515 
See ETSP operating segment - results of operations.
Reinsurance premiums earned 40,625  26,112  63,161  50,799  Represents premiums earned, net of ceded portion, from reinsurance treaties on primarily property and casualty policies. Increase was primarily due to timing of premium recognition under certain reinsurance treaties.
Solar construction revenue —  1,259  —  5,254 
Represents revenue earned from NRE providing solar construction services. The Company sold NRE in November 2025.
39



Other, net 18,399  22,976  28,836  47,579 
See table below for the components of "other, net."
Gain on partial redemption of ALLO investment —  175,044  —  175,044  Represents a gain recognized from the partial redemption of the Company's ALLO investment.
Derivative settlements, net 166  744  746  1,489 
The Company maintains an overall risk management strategy that incorporates the use of derivative instruments to reduce the economic effect of interest rate volatility.
Derivative market value adjustments, net 3,686  (3,866) 5,273  (10,190)
Includes the realized and unrealized gains and losses that are caused by changes in fair values of derivatives which do not qualify for "hedge treatment" under GAAP.
Total other income (expense), net 314,004  461,177  631,421  776,955 
Cost of services and expenses:
Loan servicing contract fulfillment and acquisition costs 2,087  1,845  4,174  3,478 
Represents primarily the amortization of previously capitalized contract fulfillment costs.
Cost to provide education technology services and payments 39,183  39,844  89,136  87,891 
Represents direct costs to provide payment processing and instructional services in ETSP. See ETSP operating segment - results of operations.
Cost to provide solar construction services —  14,050  —  21,878  Represents direct costs related to NRE providing solar construction services. The Company sold NRE in November 2025.
Total cost of services 41,270  55,739  93,310  113,247 
Salaries and benefits 152,664  134,699  292,035  272,922 
Increase was primarily due to the acquisition of NDS Canada during the first quarter of 2026 and higher headcount at the ETSP operating segment to support the growth of its customer base and the investment in the development of new technologies.
Depreciation and amortization 10,142  7,624  19,312  16,879  Includes depreciation of property and equipment and the amortization of intangibles from prior business acquisitions. Increase was primarily driven by an increase in amortization due to the acquisition of NDS Canada during the first quarter of 2026.
Reinsurance losses and underwriting expenses 32,809  25,662  56,414  47,874  Represents case reserve, estimated loss reserve, and amortization of acquisition costs, which consist primarily of commissions and brokerage expenses, net of ceded portion, from reinsurance treaties on primarily property and casualty policies.
Other expenses 64,199  56,617  126,038  104,924  Includes expenses such as postage and distribution, consulting and professional fees, servicing fees, marketing, travel, communications, certain information technology-related costs, and impairment charges. Increase was primarily due to higher legal and transition service costs related to closing the NDS Canada acquisition and subsequent integration activities, as well as increased expenses related to certain information technology activities to support development of new technologies.
Total operating expenses 259,814  224,602  493,799  442,599 
Income before income taxes 65,413  237,364  141,074  343,504 
Income tax expense (19,942) (59,510) (40,003) (84,521)
The effective tax rate was 23.03% and 24.70% for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively and 22.50% and 24.25% for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate in 2026 as compared with 2025 was impacted by the state effective tax rate. The Company expects its effective tax rate will range between 22.5% and 24.5% for the remainder of 2026.
Net income 45,471  177,854  101,071  258,983 
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests 21,191  3,605  36,717  5,035  Represents the net loss attributable to the holders of noncontrolling membership interests, the majority of which are related to renewable energy solar developments.
Net income attributable to Nelnet, Inc. $ 66,662  181,459  137,788  264,018 
Additional information: See "Overview - GAAP Net Income and Non-GAAP Net Income, Excluding Adjustments" above for additional information about non-GAAP financial information.
Net income attributable to Nelnet, Inc. $ 66,662  181,459  137,788  264,018 
Derivative market value adjustments, net (3,686) 3,866  (5,273) 10,190 
Tax effect 885  (928) 1,266  (2,446)
Non-GAAP net income attributable to Nelnet, Inc., excluding derivative market value adjustments $ 63,861  184,397  133,781  271,762 

40



The following table summarizes the components of "other, net" in "other income (expense)" on the consolidated statements of income:
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2026 2025 2026 2025 Additional information
Investment activity, net (a) $ 19,643  14,837  35,794  28,412  See note (b) below for additional information.
Borrower late fee income 7,791  1,642  16,249  3,231  See NFS division - results of operations - AGM operating segment.
Administration/sponsor fee income 1,606  1,293  3,155  2,598  See NFS division - results of operations - AGM operating segment.
Investment advisory services (WRCM) 1,380  1,504  2,715  2,977  See NFS division - results of operations - NFS other operating segments.
Loss from solar investments, net (22,497) (1,502) (45,028) (1,046) See Corporate - results of operations and note 5 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included under Part I, Item 1 of this report.
Other 10,476  5,202  15,951  11,407 
Other, net $ 18,399  22,976  28,836  47,579 
(a)    The Company anticipates fluctuations in future periodic earnings resulting from investment purchases, sales, and valuation adjustments.
(b)    Investment activity by operating segment and investment type follows:
Real Estate Venture Capital and Funds Equity Securities Bonds Total Real Estate Venture Capital and Funds Equity Securities Bonds Total
Three months ended June 30,
2026 2025
NFS - AGM $ —  8,649  —  (20) 8,629  —  4,213  —  —  4,213 
NFS - Nelnet Bank —  (15) —  470  455  —  (65) —  149  84 
NFS - Other Operating Segments (1,034) —  8,629  1,191  8,786  453  —  654  1,686  2,793 
Corporate —  1,316  457  —  1,773  —  7,747  —  —  7,747 
$ (1,034) 9,950  9,086  1,641  19,643  453  11,895  654  1,835  14,837 
Six months ended June 30,
2026 2025
NFS - AGM $ —  24,011  —  (20) 23,991  —  5,260  —  —  5,260 
NFS - Nelnet Bank —  1,053  —  803  1,856  —  (127) —  435  308 
NFS - Other Operating Segments 1,698  —  (1,050) 2,872  3,520  (1,190) —  645  2,735  2,190 
Corporate —  7,097  (670) —  6,427  —  20,654  —  —  20,654 
$ 1,698  32,161  (1,720) 3,655  35,794  (1,190) 25,787  645  3,170  28,412 
41



LOAN SERVICING AND SYSTEMS OPERATING SEGMENT – RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
On February 2, 2026, the Company acquired a Canadian student loan servicing business. NDS Canada delivers technology-enabled student loan servicing for governments and a financial institution, managing 2.7 million borrowers on proprietary platforms. Beginning on the acquisition date, the operating results of NDS Canada are included in the Loan Servicing and Systems reportable operating segment. See note 6 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included under Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional information.
Summary and Comparison of Operating Results
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2026 2025 2026 2025
Interest income, net $ 582  624  1,174  1,345 
Loan servicing and systems revenue (see disaggregated revenue by service offering below)
132,244  120,724  260,086  241,465 
Intersegment servicing revenue 4,798  5,603  9,804  11,287 
Other income (57) 113  (267) 225 
Total other income 136,985  126,440  269,623  252,977 
Contract fulfillment and acquisition costs 2,087  1,845  4,174  3,478 
Salaries and benefits 74,924  65,549  142,545  135,123 
Depreciation and amortization 5,071  1,821  9,073  4,474 
Postage expense 8,237  9,551  17,043  17,127 
Other expenses 15,193  11,099  29,386  21,931 
Intersegment expenses 17,233  17,240  33,952  33,718 
Total operating expenses 120,658  105,260  231,999  212,373 
Income before income taxes 14,822  19,959  34,624  38,471 
Income tax expense (3,557) (4,790) (8,309) (9,233)
Net income $ 11,265  15,169  26,315  29,238 
GAAP before tax operating margin 11.0  % 16.0  % 13.0  % 15.4  %
Amortization expense related to acquired intangibles from NDS Canada acquisition 2.1  —  1.8  — 
Non-GAAP before tax operating margin, excluding amortization expense (a) 13.1  % 16.0  % 14.8  % 15.4  %
(a)    Before tax operating margin, excluding amortization expense, is a non-GAAP measure of before tax operating profitability as a percentage of revenue, and for the LSS segment is calculated as income before income taxes less amortization expense related to the acquired intangibles from the NDS Canada acquisition ($2.8 million and $4.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, respectively), divided by the total of loan servicing and systems revenue (net of contract fulfillment and acquisition costs), intersegment servicing revenue, and other income. The Company uses this metric to monitor and assess the segment’s performance, manage operating costs, identify and evaluate business trends affecting the segment, and make strategic decisions, and believes that it provides additional information to facilitate an understanding of the operating performance of the segment and provides a meaningful comparison of the results of operations between periods.
Before‑tax operating margin, excluding amortization expense, decreased in 2026 compared with 2025 due to a decrease in Department loan servicing revenue, primarily driven by a decrease in the number of borrowers and further explained in the disaggregated revenue table below. This was partially offset by lower salaries and benefits (excluding the impact of employees added through the NDS Canada acquisition) reflecting ongoing cost-efficiency initiatives and headcount reductions, as well as lower postage expense (which was also driven by a decrease in Department borrowers).
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Loan Servicing Volumes
As of
June 30,
2026
March 31,
2026
December 31,
2025
September 30,
2025
June 30,
2025
March 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
Servicing volume (dollars in millions):
Department of Education $ 423,605  431,049  434,479  458,679  465,689  482,786  489,877 
Canada student loans 42,942  42,692  —  —  —  —  — 
FFELP 10,853  11,195  11,594  11,982  12,386  12,826  13,260 
Private and consumer 41,815  40,785  40,088  38,060  38,018  46,728  29,226 
Total $ 519,215  525,721  486,161  508,721  516,093  542,340  532,363 
Number of servicing borrowers:
Department of Education 10,679,141  11,048,314  11,426,789  12,387,665  12,694,386  13,453,127  14,049,550 
Canada student loans 2,681,563  2,708,392  —  —  —  —  — 
FFELP 429,298  443,028  463,109  482,696  502,205  524,421  549,861 
Private and consumer 1,360,744  1,327,471  1,349,414  1,325,037  1,326,451  1,350,999  1,168,293 
Total 15,150,746  15,527,205  13,239,312  14,195,398  14,523,042  15,328,547  15,767,704 
Number of remote hosted borrowers: 2,681,324  2,824,963  2,886,458  2,839,493  2,056,358  1,427,800  842,200 
Loan servicing and systems revenue
The following table presents disaggregated revenue by service offering for each reporting period:
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2026 2025 2026 2025 Additional information
Department of Education loan servicing $ 74,639  85,737  150,759  173,100 
Represents revenue from the Company’s servicing contract with the Department. The decrease was primarily attributable to a reduction in the number of borrowers serviced. Borrower volume declined throughout 2025 as servicing volume was transferred, at the Department’s direction, from the Company to its remote-hosted servicing customer to support the stand‑up of a new servicer. The Company does not expect to transfer additional volume to this servicer in 2026. In addition, borrower volume declined beginning in the fourth quarter of 2025 as certain borrowers exiting the CARES Act forbearance period failed to resume payment activity and were transferred to the Department’s Debt Management and Collections System for management of defaulted federal student loans.
Canada student loans 17,685  —  29,016  — 
Represents revenue from NDS Canada's student loan servicing contract with the Government of Canada, including direct agreements with three provinces and a program administered through a financial institution. NDS Canada earns a monthly servicing fee based on borrower volume. The Company also earns additional revenue for approved change requests related to platform enhancements, achieving delinquency and default performance targets, and certain transactional servicing activities, including disbursements, application processing, and postage. Canada loan servicing revenue was recognized by the Company beginning February 2, 2026, the date the Company acquired NDS Canada.
Private education and consumer loan servicing 26,114  22,733  51,775  45,426 
Increase was due to an increase in loan servicing volume from the continued conversion of Discover Financial Services and SoFi Lending Corp. loan portfolios during the first quarter of 2025. Over time, revenue earned on the Discover Financial Services portfolio will decrease as borrowers pay off their loans.
FFELP loan servicing 1,968  2,241  4,222  4,873 
Represents revenue from servicing third-party customers' FFELP portfolios. Over time, FFELP servicing revenue will decrease as third-party customers' FFELP portfolios pay off.
Software services 11,384  9,452  23,147  16,444 
Represents revenue from providing remote hosted servicing software, primarily to one of the Department’s servicers, as well as diversified technology services. The increase was driven primarily by higher revenue from the Company's Department remote hosted servicing customer, as the Company transferred borrower volume to this new servicer throughout 2025 at the Department’s direction to establish initial volume. The Company does not expect to transfer additional volume to this servicer in 2026.
Outsourced services 454  561  1,167  1,622 
Represents revenue from providing contact center and back office operational outsourcing services.
Loan servicing and systems revenue $ 132,244  120,724  260,086  241,465 
43



EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY SERVICES AND PAYMENTS OPERATING SEGMENT – RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
As discussed further in the Company's 2025 Annual Report, this segment of the Company’s business is subject to seasonal fluctuations which correspond, or are related to, the traditional school year. Based on the timing of revenue recognition and when expenses are incurred, revenue and before tax operating margin are higher in the first quarter compared with the remainder of the year.
Summary and Comparison of Operating Results
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2026 2025 2026 2025
Interest income $ 4,732  5,417  10,851  12,356 
Education technology services and payments revenue (see disaggregated revenue by service offering below)
118,884  118,184  273,319  265,515 
Intersegment revenue 74  65  145  129 
Other income 1,902  —  1,902  — 
Total income 120,860  118,249  275,366  265,644 
Cost of services (see disaggregated revenue by service offering below) 39,183  39,844  89,136  87,891 
Salaries and benefits 45,596  41,598  88,292  83,339 
Depreciation and amortization 2,442  2,505  4,811  4,936 
Other expenses 12,714  9,904  24,474  18,952 
Intersegment expenses, net 6,293  6,273  12,326  11,877 
Total operating expenses 67,045  60,280  129,903  119,104 
Income before income taxes 19,364  23,542  67,178  71,005 
Income tax expense (4,648) (5,650) (16,123) (17,052)
Net income 14,716  17,892  51,055  53,953 
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests —  —  —  45 
Net income $ 14,716  17,892  51,055  53,998 
GAAP before tax operating margin 24.3  % 30.0  % 36.5  % 40.0  %
Net interest income (5.9) (6.9) (5.9) (7.0)
Non-GAAP before tax operating margin, excluding net interest income (a) 18.4  % 23.1  % 30.6  % 33.0  %
(a)    Before tax operating margin, excluding net interest income, is a non-GAAP measure of before tax operating profitability as a percentage of revenue, and for the ETSP segment is calculated as income before income taxes less net interest income divided by net revenue. The Company uses this metric to monitor and assess the segment’s performance, manage operating costs, identify and evaluate business trends affecting the segment, and make strategic decisions, and believes that it facilitates an understanding of the operating performance of the segment and provides a meaningful comparison of the results of operations between periods.
ETSP before tax operating margin decreased in 2026 compared with 2025 due to an increase in operating expenses to support the growth in the customer base and investments in the development of new technologies.
44



Education technology services and payments revenue
The following table presents disaggregated revenue by service offering for each reporting period:
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2026 2025 2026 2025 Additional information
Tuition payment plan services $ 37,005 36,013 78,859 76,085
Increase was due to a higher number of payment plans in the K-12 and higher education markets for both new and existing customers.
Payment processing 39,409 37,515 95,297 89,051
Increase was due to an increase in payment volumes for both the K-12 and higher education markets due to new customers and an increase in volume from existing customers.
Education technology services 42,312 44,481 98,426 100,177
Decrease during the three months ended June 30, 2026 compared with the same period in 2025 was primarily due to a decrease in professional development. The timing and amount of revenue recognition for professional development depends on both the availability of government funding to schools and each school's decision regarding when and how to use those funds. The decrease during the six months ended June 30, 2026 compared with the same period in 2025 was also driven by a decline in FACTS education services revenue, reflecting the end of economic aid provided to private schools ("EANS program") in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Revenue recognized under the EANS program totaled $1.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The decrease was partially offset by growth in student information system revenue.
Other 158 175 737 202
Education technology services and payments revenue 118,884 118,184 273,319 265,515
Cost of services 39,183 39,844 89,136 87,891
Represents direct costs to provide payment processing revenue and such costs decrease/increase in relationship to payment volumes. Costs to provide instructional services are also a component of this expense and decrease/increase in relationship to instructional services revenues.
Net revenue $ 79,701 78,340 184,183 177,624


45



NELNET FINANCIAL SERVICES DIVISION - RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Asset Generation and Management Operating Segment
Loan Portfolio
As of June 30, 2026, the AGM operating segment had a $7.83 billion loan portfolio, consisting primarily of federally insured loans. For a summary of the Company’s loan portfolio as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, see note 2 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included under Part I, Item 1 of this report.
Loan Activity
The following table sets forth the activity of loans in the AGM operating segment:
FFELP Private Consumer loans and other financing receivables Total
Three months ended June 30, 2026
Balance as of March 31, 2026 $ 7,065,363  130,217  1,213,599  8,409,179 
Loan acquisitions (a) 115,737  —  3,067,022  3,182,759 
Repayments, claims, capitalized interest, participations, and other, net (198,656) (7,112) (3,066,989) (3,272,757)
Loans lost to external parties (18,864) (287) —  (19,151)
Loans sold (49,892) —  (76) (49,968)
Loans contributed to Nelnet Bank (420,291) —  —  (420,291)
Balance as of June 30, 2026 $ 6,493,397  122,818  1,213,556  7,829,771 
Three months ended June 30, 2025
Balance as of March 31, 2025 $ 8,670,284  208,507  381,215  9,260,006 
Loan acquisitions 626  —  142,503  143,129 
Repayments, claims, capitalized interest, participations, and other, net (236,813) (8,920) (112,248) (357,981)
Loans lost to external parties (66,771) (800) —  (67,571)
Loans sold (241) —  —  (241)
Loans contributed to Nelnet Bank —  (42,173) —  (42,173)
Balance as of June 30, 2025 $ 8,367,085  156,614  411,470  8,935,169 
Six months ended June 30, 2026
Balance as of December 31, 2025 $ 7,437,243  139,209  1,122,717  8,699,169 
Loan acquisitions (a) 415,286  —  6,102,945  6,518,231 
Repayments, claims, capitalized interest, participations, and other, net (423,977) (15,359) (6,011,712) (6,451,048)
Loans lost to external parties (61,010) (1,032) —  (62,042)
Loans sold (157,861) —  (394) (158,255)
Loans contributed to Nelnet Bank (716,284) —  —  (716,284)
Balance as of June 30, 2026 $ 6,493,397  122,818  1,213,556  7,829,771 
Six months ended June 30, 2025
Balance as of December 31, 2024 $ 8,388,564  221,744  345,560  8,955,868 
Loan acquisitions 703,425  —  272,290  975,715 
Repayments, claims, capitalized interest, participations, and other, net (467,370) (21,455) (206,232) (695,057)
Loans lost to external parties (125,535) (1,502) —  (127,037)
Loans sold (131,999) —  (148) (132,147)
Loans contributed to Nelnet Bank —  (42,173) —  (42,173)
Balance as of June 30, 2025 $ 8,367,085  156,614  411,470  8,935,169 
(a)    The Company began to acquire Pay Later receivables during the third quarter of 2025. Consumer loan acquisitions excluding Pay Later receivables was $205.5 million and $387.5 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, respectively.
46



The Company has partial ownership in certain consumer, private education, and federally insured student loan securitizations that are accounted for as held-to-maturity beneficial interest investments and included in "other investments and notes receivable, net" in the Company's consolidated financial statements. As of the latest remittance reports filed by the various trusts prior to or as of June 30, 2026, the Company’s ownership correlates to approximately $1.58 billion of loans included in these securitizations. The loans held in these securitizations are not included in the above table. Investment interest income earned by the Company from the beneficial interest in loan securitizations is included in "investment interest" on the Company's consolidated statements of income and is not a component of the Company's loan interest income.
The Company also has ownership interests in certain entities whose primary business is to acquire, own, and manage loan assets which are accounted for as equity method investments and included in "other investments and notes receivable, net" in the Company's consolidated financial statements. As of June 30, 2026, the Company's ownership in these entities correlates to approximately $1.20 billion of loans included in these entities. The loans held in these entities are not included in the above table. The ownership interests in these entities are recorded at cost and subsequently increased or decreased by the amount of the Company's proportionate share of the net earnings or losses of each entity. During the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company recognized income of $8.6 million and $4.2 million, respectively, and $24.0 million and $5.3 million, respectively, related to these businesses that is included in "other, net" in "other income (expense)" on the consolidated statements of income and is not a component of the Company's loan interest income.
Allowance for Loan Losses, Loan Delinquencies, and Loan Charge-offs
For a summary of the allowance as a percentage of the ending balance, loan status, delinquency amounts, and other key credit quality indicators for each of AGM’s loan portfolios as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025; and the activity in AGM's allowance for loan losses and net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, see note 2 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included under Part I, Item 1 of this report.
Loan Spread Analysis
The following table analyzes the loan spread on AGM’s portfolio of loans, which represents the spread between the yield earned on loan assets and the costs of the liabilities used to fund the assets. The spread amounts included in the following table are calculated by using the notional dollar values found in the table under the caption "Net loan interest income" below, divided by the average balance of loans or debt outstanding.
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2026 2025 2026 2025
Variable loan yield, gross 6.58  % 7.77  % 6.68  % 7.59  %
Consolidation rebate fees (0.75) (0.82) (0.77) (0.80)
Discount accretion, net of premium and deferred origination costs amortization 1.09  (0.15) 1.16  (0.14)
Variable loan yield, net 6.92  6.80  7.07  6.65 
Loan cost of funds - interest expense (4.67) (5.60) (4.75) (5.50)
Variable loan spread 2.25  1.20  2.32  1.15 
Fixed-rate floor income, gross 0.08  0.04  0.08  0.05 
Loan spread 2.33  % 1.24  % 2.40  % 1.20  %
Average balance of AGM's loans $ 8,039,243  9,215,579  8,260,332  9,379,948 
Average balance of AGM's debt outstanding 7,375,706  8,439,800  7,585,788  8,445,716 
Variable loan spread was higher during the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 compared with the same periods in 2025 due to an increase in consumer loans as a percentage of AGM’s overall loan portfolio. Consumer loans earn a higher yield than FFELP loans. Variable loan spread was also impacted by the increase in discount accretion primarily from Pay Later receivables the Company began to purchase during the third quarter of 2025 at a discount that have a short estimated life. The difference between variable loan spread and loan spread is fixed-rate floor income earned on a portion of AGM's federally insured student loan portfolio. See Item 3, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk - Interest Rate Risk - AGM Operating Segment,” which provides additional detail on AGM's federally insured student loans earning fixed-rate floor income.
The relationship between the indices in which AGM earns interest on its loans and funds such loans has a significant impact on loan spread. See Item 3, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk - Interest Rate Risk - AGM Operating Segment,” which provides additional detail on AGM’s FFELP student loan assets and related funding for those assets.
47



Summary and Comparison of Operating Results
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2026 2025 2026 2025 Additional information
Interest income:
Loan interest $ 140,264  157,300  292,616  311,768  See table below for additional analysis.
Investment interest:
Residual interest 6,215  7,741  12,659  16,407 
Represents residual interest earned on beneficial interest investments. Decrease is due to a decrease in the investment balance.
Other investment interest 4,112  4,900  8,328  9,004 
Represents investment interest earned on restricted cash included in student loan securitizations and other secured borrowings.
Total investment interest 10,327  12,641  20,987  25,411 
Total interest income 150,591  169,941  313,603  337,179 
Loan interest expense 85,823  117,843  178,375  230,254  See table below for additional analysis.
Intercompany interest expense 1,602  2,223  4,606  4,115  Represents interest paid by AGM to Nelnet, Inc. (parent company) related to (i) internal borrowings to fund equity advances on certain AGM debt facilities; and (ii) AGM-issued bonds held by Nelnet, Inc. Intercompany interest is eliminated for consolidated financial reporting purposes.
Total interest expense 87,425  120,066  182,981  234,369 
Net interest income 63,166  49,875  130,622  102,810 
Less provision for loan losses 41,326  11,133  89,792  24,144 
The increase was driven by the establishment of an initial allowance for loans acquired during the periods, including the significant increase in the volume of Pay Later receivables acquired since the third quarter of 2025. See note 2 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included under Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional information.
Less provision for beneficial interests 2,441  4,977  6,571  6,487  During the periods presented, the Company recorded an allowance for credit losses (and related provision expense) related to the Company's beneficial interest in certain loan securitizations.
Net interest income after provision 19,399  33,765  34,259  72,179 
Other income, net 19,765  7,507  46,012  12,411  Represents primarily borrower late fees, income from providing administration activities for third parties, sponsor fee income, and income/losses from AGM's investment in joint ventures. Increase in 2026 compared with 2025 was due to an increase in income from AGM's joint ventures and borrower late fee income. See "Overview - Consolidated Results of Operations" for further detail included in other income.
Derivative settlements, net 89  581  193  1,162 
The Company maintains an overall risk management strategy that incorporates the use of derivative instruments to reduce the economic effect of interest rate volatility.
Derivative market value adjustments, net 1,972  (2,165) 3,466  (5,961)
Includes the realized and unrealized gains and losses that are caused by changes in fair values of derivatives which do not qualify for "hedge treatment" under GAAP.
Total other income, net 21,826  5,923  49,671  7,612 
Salaries and benefits 1,883  1,469  3,511  2,690 

Servicing fees 7,752  7,102  15,904  14,013 
Represents servicing fees paid to third parties and LSS for the servicing of AGM’s loans. Increase was due to an increase in volume of Pay Later receivables the Company began to purchase during the third quarter of 2025, partially offset by the amortization of the FFELP student loan portfolio, the majority of which is serviced by LSS. Intercompany servicing expense of $3.7 million and $4.8 million during the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, and $7.9 million and $9.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, was eliminated for consolidated financial reporting purposes.
Other expenses 1,000  2,464  2,051  3,352 

Intersegment expenses 1,396  1,260  2,748  2,510  Includes costs for certain corporate activities and services that are allocated to each operating segment based on estimated use of such activities and services.
Total operating expenses 12,031  12,295  24,214  22,565 
Income before income taxes 29,194  27,393  59,716  57,226 
Income tax expense (7,005) (6,569) (14,325) (13,725) Represents income tax expense at an effective tax rate of 24%.
Net income 22,189  20,824  45,391  43,501 
48



Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (9) (23) (27) (40)
Net income $ 22,180  20,801  45,364  43,461 
Additional information:
GAAP net income $ 22,180  20,801  45,364  43,461  See "Overview - GAAP Net Income and Non-GAAP Net Income, Excluding Adjustments" above for additional information about non-GAAP financial information.
Derivative market value adjustments, net (1,972) 2,165  (3,466) 5,961 
Tax effect 473  (520) 832  (1,431)
Non-GAAP net income, excluding derivative market value adjustments $ 20,681  22,446  42,730  47,991 
Net loan interest income
The following table summarizes the components of "loan interest" and "loan interest expense" from the table above.
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2026 2025 2026 2025 Additional information
Variable interest income, gross $ 131,894  178,606  273,746  353,912  Decrease was due to a decrease in the average balance of loans and gross yield earned on loans.
Consolidation rebate fees (14,988) (18,897) (31,706) (37,645) Decrease was due to a decrease in the average consolidation loan balance.
Discount accretion, net of premium and deferred origination costs amortization 21,836  (3,406) 47,490  (6,471)
Increase in discount accretion was due to a forward flow agreement of Pay Later receivables the Company began to purchase during the third quarter of 2025 at a discount that have a short estimated life.
Variable interest income, net 138,742  156,303  289,530  309,796 
Interest on bonds and notes payable (85,823) (117,843) (178,375) (230,254) Decrease was due to a decrease in the average balance of debt outstanding and cost of funds.
Variable loan interest margin 52,919  38,460  111,155  79,542 
Fixed-rate floor income 1,522  997  3,086  1,972  Increase was due to lower interest rates.
Net loan interest income $ 54,441  39,457  114,241  81,514 
Factors Affecting Operating Results
AGM began to acquire Pay Later receivables during the third quarter of 2025. These receivables are generally purchased at a discount and have a short expected duration. As of June 30, 2026, the balance of Pay Later receivables was $699.8 million. Growth in Pay Later receivable volumes contributed to increased loan interest income, higher provision for loan losses, and increased borrower late fee income.
AGM holds interests in certain joint ventures engaged in the acquisition, ownership, and management of loan portfolios. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, AGM recognized $8.6 million and $24.0 million of income from these joint ventures, respectively, compared with $4.2 million and $5.3 million in the same periods of 2025, respectively. Such amounts are included in “Other income, net” in the above table titled “Summary and Comparison of Operating Results.”
During 2026, AGM contributed certain student loan trusts to Nelnet Bank that included $716.3 million of federally insured loans. The contribution of these loans to Nelnet Bank has resulted in a decrease in loan interest income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 compared with the same periods in 2025.
49



Nelnet Bank Operating Segment
Loan Portfolio
As of June 30, 2026, Nelnet Bank had a $1.64 billion loan portfolio. For a summary of Nelnet Bank’s loan portfolio as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, see note 2 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included under Part I, Item 1 of this report.
Loan Activity
The following table sets forth the activity of loans in the Nelnet Bank operating segment:
FFELP Private Consumer and other Total
Three months ended June 30, 2026
Balance as of March 31, 2026 $ 458,571  539,381  263,498  1,261,450 
Loan acquisitions and originations —  6,580  13,845  20,425 
Repayments (25,521) (24,802) (12,746) (63,069)
Loans contributed from AGM 420,291  —  —  420,291 
Balance as of June 30, 2026 $ 853,341  521,159  264,597  1,639,097 
Three months ended June 30, 2025
Balance as of March 31, 2025 $ 110,187  489,451  161,995  761,633 
Loan acquisitions and originations 38  8,354  50,175  58,567 
Repayments (3,670) (23,315) (7,747) (34,732)
Loans contributed from AGM —  42,173  —  42,173 
Balance as of June 30, 2025 $ 106,555  516,663  204,423  827,641 
Six months ended June 30, 2026
Balance as of December 31, 2025 $ 172,320  518,634  266,608  957,562 
Loan acquisitions and originations —  51,676  25,511  77,187 
Repayments (35,263) (49,151) (27,522) (111,936)
Loans contributed from AGM 716,284  —  —  716,284 
Balance as of June 30, 2026 $ 853,341  521,159  264,597  1,639,097 
Six months ended June 30, 2025
Balance as of December 31, 2024 $ —  482,445  162,152  644,597 
Loan acquisitions and originations 111,040  37,396  54,730  203,166 
Repayments (4,485) (45,351) (12,459) (62,295)
Loans contributed from AGM —  42,173  —  42,173 
Balance as of June 30, 2025 $ 106,555  516,663  204,423  827,641 
Allowance for Loan Losses, Loan Delinquencies, and Loan Charge-offs
For a summary of the allowance as a percentage of the ending balance, loan status, delinquency amounts, and other key credit quality indicators for each of Nelnet Bank's loan portfolios as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025; and the activity in Nelnet Bank's allowance for loan losses and net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, see note 2 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included under Part I, Item 1 of this report.
Investments
As of June 30, 2026, Nelnet Bank had a $1.29 billion investment portfolio, consisting primarily of asset-backed securities. For a summary of Nelnet Bank's asset-backed securities investments as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, see note 5 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included under Part I, Item 1 of this report.
Deposits
As of June 30, 2026, Nelnet Bank had $2.51 billion of deposits, which included $285.8 million of intercompany deposits from Nelnet, Inc. (parent company) and its subsidiaries, and thus have been eliminated for consolidated financial reporting purposes. For a summary of deposits as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, see note 9 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included under Part I, Item 1 of this report.
50



Average Balance Sheet
The following table reflects average daily balances and the annualized rates earned on interest-earning assets and paid on interest-bearing liabilities:
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
2026 2025 2026 2025
Balance Rate Balance Rate Balance Rate Balance Rate
Average assets
Federally insured student loans $ 708,027  5.39  % $ 108,235  6.14  % $ 490,549  5.42  % $ 67,156  6.21  %
Private education loans 530,455  6.30  519,858  6.37  534,894  6.36  504,619  6.24 
Consumer and other loans 266,072  9.78  181,821  10.79  266,138  9.82  172,265  10.64 
Cash and investments 1,333,171  5.60  923,233  6.05  1,250,762  5.67  858,743  6.21 
Total interest-earning assets 2,837,725  6.07  % 1,733,147  6.65  % 2,542,343  6.20  % 1,602,783  6.69  %
Non-interest-earning assets 57,563  13,504  46,065  14,071 
Total assets $ 2,895,288  $ 1,746,651  $ 2,588,408  $ 1,616,854 
Average liabilities and equity
Brokered deposits $ 596,888  3.79  % $ 269,112  2.11  % $ 451,111  3.37  % $ 259,240  2.03  %
Intercompany deposits 205,099  3.60  158,465  3.99  200,483  3.65  115,887  3.81 
Retail and other deposits 1,478,354  3.83  1,073,322  4.24  1,419,501  3.82  1,018,443  4.22 
Federal funds purchased and other borrowed money 184,044  4.28  13,258  5.45  137,394  4.24  11,839  5.12 
Total interest-bearing liabilities 2,464,385  3.84  % 1,514,157  3.84  % 2,208,489  3.74  % 1,405,409  3.79  %
Non-interest-bearing liabilities 14,128  10,037  14,824  9,323 
Equity 416,775  222,457  365,095  202,122 
Total liabilities and equity $ 2,895,288  $ 1,746,651  $ 2,588,408  $ 1,616,854 
Net interest margin 2.74  % 3.29  % 2.95  % 3.37  %


51



Summary and Comparison of Operating Results
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2026 2025 2026 2025
Interest income:
Loan interest $ 24,334  14,804  43,006  26,775 
Investment interest 18,614  13,934  35,178  26,430 
Total interest income 42,948  28,738  78,184  53,205 
Interest expense 23,657  14,672  41,064  26,749 
Net interest income 19,291  14,066  37,120  26,456 
(Negative provision) provision for loan losses (249) 6,797  4,529  9,123 
Net interest income after provision for loan losses 19,540  7,269  32,591  17,333 
Other income, net 564  392  2,122  534 
Derivative settlements, net 77  163  116  327 
Derivative market value adjustments, net 1,714  (1,701) 2,714  (4,229)
Total other income, net 2,355  (1,146) 4,952  (3,368)
Salaries and benefits 3,589  2,791  6,504  5,607 
Depreciation 306  352  658  691 
Servicing fees 1,635  824  2,862  1,491 
Other expenses 1,842  1,969  3,120  3,327 
Intersegment expenses 695  652  1,352  1,362 
Total operating expenses 8,067  6,588  14,496  12,478 
Income (loss) before income taxes 13,828  (465) 23,047  1,487 
Income tax (expense) benefit (3,310) 101  (5,416) (333)
Net income (loss) $ 10,518  (364) 17,631  1,154 
Additional information:
GAAP net income (loss) $ 10,518  (364) 17,631  1,154 
Derivative market value adjustments, net (1,714) 1,701  (2,714) 4,229 
Tax effect 411  (408) 651  (1,015)
Non-GAAP net income, excluding derivative market value adjustments $ 9,215  929  15,568  4,368 
Factors Affecting Operating Results
Nelnet Bank’s growth was driven by higher loan and investment balances, funded primarily through increased deposit balances. During 2026, the Company’s Asset Generation and Management operating segment contributed certain student loan trusts to Nelnet Bank that included $716.3 million of federally insured loans. Following these contributions, Nelnet Bank repaid the related securitization debt and funded the loans with deposits. These transactions were a significant contributor to the increase in loan balances during 2026.
In its initial years, Nelnet Bank incurred operating losses as it invested in the personnel and infrastructure needed to support future growth. As the bank has matured, operating expenses have stabilized while loan and deposit balances have continued to expand. This operating leverage has contributed to increased net interest income and net income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, compared with the corresponding periods in 2025.
52



NFS Other Operating Segments
The following table summarizes the operating results of other operating segments included in NFS that are not reportable. Income taxes are allocated based on 24% of income (loss) before taxes for each activity.
Summary and Comparison of Operating Results
Nelnet Insurance Services WRCM Real estate Bond portfolio and marketable equity securities Total
Three months ended June 30, 2026
Investment interest $ 3,594  —  4,211  7,809 
Interest expense (1,169) —  —  (1) (1,170)
Net interest income 2,425  —  4,210  6,639 
Reinsurance premiums earned 40,625  —  —  —  40,625 
Other income, net 1,068  1,416  (1,034) 9,672  11,122 
Salaries and benefits (534) (34) (1,000) —  (1,568)
Reinsurance losses and underwriting expenses (32,809) —  —  —  (32,809)
Other expenses (1,451) (78) (132) (1) (1,662)
Intersegment expenses, net (197) (5) (252) (32) (486)
Income (loss) before income taxes 9,127  1,303  (2,418) 13,849  21,861 
Income tax (expense) benefit (2,190) (313) 580  (3,324) (5,247)
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests —  —  — 
Net income (loss) $ 6,937  990  (1,835) 10,525  16,617 
Three months ended June 30, 2025
Investment interest $ 2,464  —  6,402  8,870 
Interest expense (1,427) —  —  (1) (1,428)
Net interest income 1,037  —  6,401  7,442 
Reinsurance premiums earned 26,112  —  —  —  26,112 
Other income, net 1,073  1,506  453  2,233  5,265 
Salaries and benefits (296) (30) (213) —  (539)
Reinsurance losses and underwriting expenses (25,662) —  —  —  (25,662)
Other expenses (2,113) (63) (29) (1) (2,206)
Intersegment expenses, net (182) (4) (103) (32) (321)
Income (loss) before income taxes (31) 1,413  108  8,601  10,091 
Income tax (expense) benefit (305) (33) (2,065) (2,395)
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests —  (141) 27  —  (114)
Net income (loss) $ (23) 967  102  6,536  7,582 
53



Nelnet Insurance Services WRCM Real estate Bond portfolio and marketable equity securities Total
Six months ended June 30, 2026
Investment interest $ 6,454  —  9,865  16,326 
Interest expense (2,542) —  —  (2) (2,544)
Net interest income 3,912  —  9,863  13,782 
Reinsurance premiums earned 63,161  —  —  —  63,161 
Other income, net 1,502  2,754  1,698  1,582  7,536 
Salaries and benefits (1,133) (68) (1,880) —  (3,081)
Reinsurance losses and underwriting expenses (56,414) —  —  —  (56,414)
Other expenses (2,543) (171) (205) (4) (2,923)
Intersegment expenses, net (343) (11) (527) (62) (943)
Income (loss) before income taxes 8,142  2,511  (914) 11,379  21,118 
Income tax (expense) benefit (1,954) (603) 202  (2,731) (5,086)
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests —  —  72  —  72 
Net income (loss) $ 6,188  1,908  (640) 8,648  16,104 
Six months ended June 30, 2025
Investment interest $ 4,457  —  13,226  17,690 
Interest expense (2,196) —  —  (2) (2,198)
Net interest income 2,261  —  13,224  15,492 
Reinsurance premiums earned 50,799  —  —  —  50,799 
Other income, net 1,647  2,980  (1,190) 2,939  6,376 
Salaries and benefits (546) (62) (409) —  (1,017)
Reinsurance losses and underwriting expenses (47,874) —  —  —  (47,874)
Other expenses (2,790) (125) (141) (3) (3,059)
Intersegment expenses, net (291) (7) (202) (65) (565)
Income (loss) before income taxes 3,206  2,793  (1,942) 16,095  20,152 
Income tax (expense) benefit (770) (603) 456  (3,862) (4,779)
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests —  (279) 41  —  (238)
Net income (loss) $ 2,436  1,911  (1,445) 12,233  15,135 
Factors Affecting Operating Results
Nelnet Insurance Services: The increase in reinsurance premiums earned in the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 compared with the same periods in 2025 was primarily due to timing of premium recognition under certain reinsurance treaties. Net income was positively impacted in 2026 as compared to 2025 due to an increase in interest income from the float earned on cash premiums and improved underwriting margins.
Bond portfolio and marketable equity securities: During the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, the Company recognized an unrealized gain of $8.6 million and an unrealized loss of $1.1 million, respectively, resulting from changes in the fair value of certain marketable equity securities. These amounts are included in "other income, net" in the table above. Operating results may continue to fluctuate and be impacted in future periods by fair value adjustments of marketable equity securities.

54



CORPORATE AND OTHER ACTIVITIES – RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Other business activities and operating segments that are not reportable and not part of the NFS division are combined and included in Corporate and Other Activities (“Corporate”). The following table summarizes the operating results of these activities.
Income taxes are allocated based on 24% of income (loss) before taxes for each activity. The difference between the Corporate income tax expense and the sum of taxes calculated for each activity is included in income taxes under “Other” in the table below.
Summary and Comparison of Operating Results
Shared services Solar tax equity Nelnet Renewable Energy (NRE) Venture capital Other Total
Three months ended June 30, 2026
Investment interest $ —  —  —  —  2,165  2,165 
Interest expense —  (2) —  —  (562) (564)
Net interest income (expense) —  (2) —  —  1,603  1,601 
Solar construction revenue —  —  —  —  —  — 
Other income, net 482  (20,106) (140) 137  4,714  (14,913)
Gain on partial redemption of ALLO investment —  —  —  —  —  — 
Derivative settlements —  —  —  —  —  — 
Derivative market value adjustments —  —  —  —  —  — 
Cost to provide solar construction services —  —  —  —  —  — 
Salaries and benefits (22,286) (633) (104) (243) (1,844) (25,110)
Depreciation and amortization (1,942) (13) (1) —  (367) (2,323)
Other expenses (16,389) (792) (133) (6) (1,634) (18,954)
Intersegment expenses, net 26,539  (96) (12) (50) (353) 26,028 
(Loss) income before income taxes (13,596) (21,642) (390) (162) 2,119  (33,671)
Income tax benefit (expense) 3,263  103  94  39  326  3,825 
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests —  21,213  —  —  —  21,213 
Net (loss) income $ (10,333) (326) (296) (123) 2,445  (8,633)
Three months ended June 30, 2025
Investment interest $ —  —  —  2,660  2,661 
Interest expense —  —  (2) —  (649) (651)
Net interest income (expense) —  (2) —  2,011  2,010 
Solar construction revenue —  —  1,259  —  —  1,259 
Other income, net 598  (1,228) —  1,762  8,471  9,603 
Gain on partial redemption of ALLO investment —  —  —  —  175,044  175,044 
Derivative settlements —  —  —  —  —  — 
Derivative market value adjustments —  —  —  —  —  — 
Cost to provide solar construction services —  —  (14,050) —  —  (14,050)
Salaries and benefits (18,600) (374) (1,850) (229) (1,731) (22,784)
Depreciation and amortization (2,666) —  (241) —  (39) (2,946)
Other expenses (17,671) (225) (2,309) (148) 3,347  (17,006)
Intersegment expenses, net 26,416  (66) (408) (45) (281) 25,616 
(Loss) income before income taxes (11,923) (1,892) (17,601) 1,340  186,822  156,746 
Income tax benefit (expense) 2,862  (467) 4,224  (321) (46,505) (40,207)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests —  3,838  —  —  —  3,838 
Net (loss) income $ (9,061) 1,479  (13,377) 1,019  140,317  120,377 
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Shared services Solar tax equity Nelnet Renewable Energy (NRE) Venture capital Other Total
Six months ended June 30, 2026
Investment interest $ —  300  —  —  5,000  5,300 
Interest expense —  (3) —  —  (1,192) (1,195)
Net interest income (expense) —  297  —  —  3,808  4,105 
Solar construction revenue —  —  —  —  —  — 
Other income, net 993  (41,903) 263  4,940  7,214  (28,493)
Gain on partial redemption of ALLO investment —  —  —  —  —  — 
Derivative settlements —  —  —  —  437  437 
Derivative market value adjustments —  —  —  —  (907) (907)
Cost to provide solar construction services —  —  —  —  —  — 
Salaries and benefits (42,468) (1,196) (284) (447) (3,730) (48,125)
Depreciation and amortization (4,007) (23) (4) —  (736) (4,770)
Other expenses (31,509) (955) (2,519) (54) (3,019) (38,056)
Intersegment expenses, net 52,288  (186) (27) (110) (789) 51,176 
(Loss) income before income taxes (24,703) (43,966) (2,571) 4,329  2,278  (64,633)
Income tax benefit (expense) 5,929  1,745  617  (1,039) 2,004  9,256 
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests —  36,696  —  —  —  36,696 
Net (loss) income $ (18,774) (5,525) (1,954) 3,290  4,282  (18,681)
Six months ended June 30, 2025
Investment interest $ —  —  —  4,967  4,973 
Interest expense —  —  (3) —  (1,281) (1,284)
Net interest income (expense) —  (3) —  3,686  3,689 
Solar construction revenue —  —  5,254  —  —  5,254 
Other income, net 1,217  502  —  6,254  19,867  27,840 
Gain on partial redemption of ALLO investment —  —  —  —  175,044  175,044 
Derivative settlements —  —  —  —  —  — 
Derivative market value adjustments —  —  —  —  —  — 
Cost to provide solar construction services —  —  (21,878) —  —  (21,878)
Salaries and benefits (37,320) (761) (3,494) (436) (3,268) (45,279)
Depreciation and amortization (6,185) —  (517) (1) (75) (6,778)
Other expenses (30,855) (302) (2,730) (171) 1,466  (32,592)
Intersegment expenses, net 51,232  (131) (807) (86) (538) 49,670 
(Loss) income before income taxes (21,911) (686) (24,175) 5,560  196,182  154,970 
Income tax benefit (expense) 5,259  (1,146) 5,802  (1,334) (47,979) (39,398)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests —  5,461  —  —  —  5,461 
Net (loss) income $ (16,652) 3,629  (18,373) 4,226  148,203  121,033 
Factors Affecting Operating Results
Solar tax equity: The Company holds equity interests in partnerships that invest in solar tax equity projects intended to promote renewable energy generation. Because the Company has management and control over these partnerships, they are consolidated in the Company’s consolidated financial statements, with third-party interests presented as noncontrolling interests. The Company accounts for its solar tax equity interests using the HLBV method, which commonly results in the recognition of accelerated losses in the early years of a partnership. Based on contributions made to these partnerships in recent periods, the Company recognized losses of $22.5 million and $45.0 million related to its solar tax equity partnerships during the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, respectively, compared with $1.5 million and $1.0 million for the same periods in 2025. These amounts are included in “other income, net” in the tables above. Losses attributable to noncontrolling interest partners were $19.5 million and $32.9 million for the three
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and six months ended June 30, 2026, respectively, compared with $3.2 million and $4.2 million for the same periods in 2025. These amounts are included in “net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests” in the tables above. See note 5 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included under Part I, Item 1 of this report.
NRE: NRE was the Company’s solar construction subsidiary, providing full‑service engineering, procurement, and construction services. Following its acquisition, NRE experienced low and, in certain cases, negative project margins. In addition, changes in legislation reducing clean energy tax incentives, tariff uncertainty, and rising construction costs adversely affected NRE's revenue and operating results. As a result of these factors, the Company sold NRE in November 2025. Although the Company retained a limited number of construction contracts to complete following the sale, the Company does not expect the operating results from such contracts to be significant in future periods.
Gain from partial redemption of ALLO investment: The operating results from the Company's investment in ALLO is included under "Other" in the tables above. In June 2025, the Company recognized a $175.0 million gain on a partial redemption of the Company's voting membership interests in ALLO. In addition, ALLO redeemed all of the Company's preferred membership interests in ALLO that were outstanding at that time. Included in the Company's operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 was $6.0 million and $14.4 million of ALLO preferred return, respectively. The preferred return is included in "other income, net" in the tables above.

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The Company’s Loan Servicing and Systems, and Education Technology Services and Payments operating segments are non-capital intensive and both produce positive operating cash flows. As such, a minimal amount of debt and equity capital is allocated to these segments and any liquidity or capital needs are satisfied using cash flow from operations.
Therefore, the Liquidity and Capital Resources discussion is concentrated on the Company’s liquidity and capital needs to meet existing debt obligations in the Nelnet Financial Services division, which includes the Asset Generation and Management and Nelnet Bank reportable operating segments, and the Company's other initiatives to pursue additional strategic investments.
Sources of Liquidity
As of June 30, 2026, the Company's sources of liquidity included:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 172,430 
Less: Cash and cash equivalents held at Nelnet Bank (a) (17,546)
Net cash and cash equivalents 154,884 
Available-for-sale (AFS) debt securities (investments) - at fair value 1,578,340 
Less: AFS debt securities held at Nelnet Bank - at fair value (a) (1,054,882)
AFS private education and consumer loan debt securities - held as risk retention - at fair value (b) (170,705)
Restricted investments - at fair value (c) (194,770)
Unencumbered AFS debt securities (investments) - at fair value 157,983 
Unencumbered federally insured, private, consumer, and other loans (Non-Nelnet Bank) - at par 423,235 
Unencumbered repurchased Nelnet issued asset-backed debt securities - at par (not included on consolidated financial statements) (d) 111,514 
Unused capacity on unsecured line of credit (e) 435,000 
Sources of liquidity as of June 30, 2026
$ 1,282,616 
(a)Cash and investments held at Nelnet Bank are generally not available for Company activities outside of Nelnet Bank.
(b)The Company is sponsor for certain private education and consumer loan securitizations and as sponsor, is required to provide a certain level of risk retention. To satisfy this requirement, the Company has purchased bonds issued in the securitizations. The majority of the purchased bonds reflected in the table above relate to private education loan securitizations. For these securitizations, the Company is required to retain these bonds until the latest of (i) the date the aggregate outstanding principal balance of the loans in the securitization is 33% or less of the initial loan balance, and (ii) the date the aggregate outstanding principal balance of the bonds is 33% or less of the aggregate initial outstanding principal balance of the bonds, at which time the Company can sell these bonds to a third party. The Company estimates these bonds will be restricted from trading until approximately the first half of 2027.
(c)The Company is required to hold collateral in third-party trusts related to its reinsurance business.
(d)The Company has repurchased certain of its own asset-backed securities (bonds and notes payable) in the secondary market. For accounting purposes, these notes are eliminated in consolidation and are not included in the Company's consolidated financial statements. However, these securities remain legally outstanding at the trust level and the Company could sell these notes to third parties, redeem the notes at par as cash is generated by the trust estate, or pledge the securities as collateral on repurchase agreements. Upon a sale of these notes to third parties, the Company would obtain cash proceeds equal to the market value of the notes on the date of such sale.
(e)The Company has a $435.0 million unsecured line of credit that matures on March 31, 2031. As of June 30, 2026, there was no amount outstanding on the unsecured line of credit and $435.0 million was available for future use.
The Company intends to use its current and future liquidity position to capitalize on market opportunities, including FFELP, private education, consumer, and other loan acquisitions (or residual interests therein); strategic acquisitions; and capital management initiatives, including stock repurchases, debt repurchases, and dividend distributions. The timing and size of these opportunities will vary and will have a direct impact on the Company's cash and investment balances.
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Cash Flows
The Company has historically generated positive cash flow from operations. During the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company generated $151.0 million and $172.9 million, respectively, in cash from operating activities. The decrease in 2026 compared with 2025 was due to:
A decrease in net income;
Adjustments to net income for certain non-cash items, including loan discount and deferred lender fees accretion, derivative market value adjustments, and depreciation and amortization; and
The impact of changes to other assets, other liabilities, and accrued interest receivable during the six months ended June 30, 2026 compared with the same period in 2025.
These factors were partially offset by:
Adjustments to net income for certain non-cash items, including the gain on the partial redemption of the Company's ALLO investment, deferred income tax benefit, provision for loan losses, and loss on investments; and
The impact of changes to accounts receivable during the six months ended June 30, 2026 compared with the same period in 2025.
The primary items included in the statement of cash flows for investing activities are the purchase, origination, repayment, and sale of loans, the purchase and sale of available-for-sale securities, the purchase and sale of other investments, and business acquisitions. The primary items included in financing activities are the payments on and proceeds from bonds and notes payable and the change in deposits at Nelnet Bank used to fund loans and investment activity, the change in due to customers, issuances of noncontrolling interests, and repurchases of common stock. Cash used in investing activities and used in financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2026 was $34.9 million and $109.7 million, respectively. Cash provided by investing activities and used in financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was $709.8 million and $1.01 billion, respectively. Investing and financing activities are further addressed in the discussion that follows.
Sources and Needs of Liquidity - AGM Operating Segment
The Company plans to fund additional loan acquisitions (or residual interests therein) through a combination of current cash; cash generated from operating activities and expected future cash flows from loan securitizations; proceeds from the sale of certain investments; borrowings under its unsecured line of credit, Union Bank student loan participation agreement, and Union Bank student loan asset-backed securities participation agreement, or similar secured and unsecured borrowing facilities; utilization of existing warehouse facilities; expansion of capacity under existing and/or establishment of new warehouse facilities; and continued access to the asset-backed securities market.
Sources of Liquidity
Asset-backed Securities Transactions
The Company, through its subsidiaries, has historically funded loans by completing asset-backed securitizations. The majority of AGM’s portfolio of student loans is funded in asset-backed securitizations that are structured to substantially match the maturity of the funded assets, thereby minimizing liquidity risk. Depending on market conditions, the Company anticipates continuing to access the asset-backed securitization market. Such asset-backed securitization transactions would be used to refinance loans included in its warehouse facilities and existing asset-backed securitizations and/or finance loans purchased from third parties and loans that are currently unencumbered.
There were no asset-backed securitization transactions completed during the six months ended June 30, 2026.
Warehouse Facilities
Warehousing allows the Company to buy and manage loans prior to transferring them into more permanent financing arrangements. See note 3 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included under Part I, Item 1 of this report for a discussion of the Company's warehouse facilities outstanding as of June 30, 2026.
Union Bank Participation Agreement
The Company maintains an agreement with Union Bank, a related party, as trustee for various grantor trusts, under which Union Bank has agreed to purchase from the Company participation interests in student loans. The agreement automatically renews annually and is terminable by either party upon five business days' notice. As of June 30, 2026, $574.4 million of loans
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were subject to outstanding participation interests held by Union Bank, as trustee, under this agreement. This agreement provides beneficiaries of Union Bank’s grantor trusts with access to investments in interests in student loans, while providing liquidity to the Company. The Company can sell participation interests in loans to Union Bank to the extent of availability under the grantor trusts, up to $900.0 million or an amount in excess of $900.0 million if mutually agreed to by both parties. Loans participated under this agreement have been accounted for by the Company as loan sales. Accordingly, the participation interests sold are not included on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
Liquidity Impact Related to Debt Obligations Secured by Loan Assets and Related Collateral
The following table shows AGM's debt obligations outstanding that are secured by loan assets and related collateral:
As of June 30, 2026
Carrying amount
Final maturity
Bonds and notes issued in asset-backed securitizations $ 5,856,905  10/25/33 - 11/27/90
FFELP and consumer loan warehouse and other facilities 1,221,476  7/30/27 - 2/29/28
$ 7,078,381 
Warehouse Facilities
Upon termination or expiration of the warehouse and other secured facilities, the Company would expect to access the securitization market, obtain replacement facilities, use operating cash, consider the sale of assets, or transfer collateral to satisfy any remaining obligations.
Bonds and Notes Issued in Asset-backed Securitizations
Cash generated from student loans funded in asset-backed securitizations provides the source of liquidity to satisfy all obligations related to the outstanding bonds and notes issued in such securitizations. In addition, due to (i) the difference between the yield AGM receives on the loans and cost of financing within these transactions, and (ii) the servicing and administration fees AGM earns from these transactions, AGM has created a portfolio that the Company expects to generate earnings and significant cash flow over the life of these transactions. As of June 30, 2026, based on cash flow models developed to reflect management’s current estimate of, among other factors, prepayments, defaults, deferment, forbearance, and interest rates, AGM expects future undiscounted cash flows from its portfolio funded in asset-backed securitizations to be approximately $0.82 billion as detailed below. The actual timing of cash flows released from the securitizations could be impacted based on when and if the Company terminates a securitization by exercising clean-up calls on the underlying securities when the assets in such securitization reach a certain threshold.
The forecasted cash flow presented below includes loans funded in asset-backed securitizations as of June 30, 2026, the majority of which are federally insured student loans. As of June 30, 2026, AGM had $6.1 billion of loans included in asset-backed securitizations, which represented 78.3% of its total loan portfolio. The forecasted cash flow does not include cash flows that the Company expects to receive in relation to loans funded in its warehouse facilities, unencumbered federally insured, private education, consumer, and other loans funded with operating cash, its ownership of beneficial interest in loan securitizations (such beneficial interest investments are classified as "other investments and notes receivable, net" on the Company's consolidated balance sheets), loans acquired subsequent to June 30, 2026, and loans owned by Nelnet Bank.
During 2026, the Company’s AGM operating segment contributed certain asset-backed securitization trusts to Nelnet Bank, including $716.3 million of federally insured loans that included $108.9 million of overcollateralization. Following these contributions, Nelnet Bank repaid the related securitization debt and funded the loans with deposits. These transactions were a significant contributor to the decrease in forecasted future cash flows as disclosed in the prior quarter.
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Asset-backed Securitization Cash Flow Forecast
$0.82 billion
(dollars in millions)
549755823040
The forecasted future undiscounted cash flows of approximately $0.82 billion include approximately $0.62 billion (as of June 30, 2026) of overcollateralization included in the asset-backed securitizations. These excess net asset positions are included in the consolidated balance sheets in the balances of "loans and accrued interest receivable, net" and "restricted cash." The difference between the total estimated future undiscounted cash flows and the overcollateralization of approximately $0.20 billion, or approximately $0.15 billion after income taxes based on the estimated effective tax rate, represents estimated future net interest income (earnings) from the portfolio and is expected to be accretive to the Company's balance of consolidated shareholders' equity from the June 30, 2026 balance.
The Company uses various assumptions, including prepayments and future interest rates, when preparing its cash flow forecast. These assumptions are further discussed below.
Prepayments: The primary variables in establishing a life of loan estimate are the level and timing of prepayments. Prepayment rates equal the amount of loans that prepay annually as a percentage of the beginning-of-period balance, net of scheduled principal payments. A number of factors can affect estimated prepayment rates, including the level of consolidation activity, borrower default rates, and utilization of debt management options such as income-based repayment, deferments, and forbearance. Should any of these factors change, management may revise its assumptions, which in turn would impact the projected future cash flow. The Company’s cash flow forecast above assumes prepayment rates of 6% for both federally insured consolidation and Stafford loans. Prepayment rates for private education loans range from 11% to 20%.
The following table summarizes the estimated impact to the above forecasted cash flows if prepayments were greater than the prepayment rate assumptions used to calculate the forecasted cash flows:
Increase in prepayment rate
Reduction in forecasted cash flow from table above
Forecasted cash flow using increased prepayment rate
2x
$0.05 billion
$0.77 billion
4x
$0.14 billion
$0.68 billion
If the entire AGM student loan portfolio was prepaid, the Company would receive the full amount of overcollateralization included in the asset-backed securitizations of approximately $0.62 billion (as of June 30, 2026); however, the Company would not receive the $0.20 billion ($0.15 billion after tax) of estimated future earnings from the portfolio.
Interest rates: The Company funds a portion of its student loans with variable rate securities that are indexed to 90-day SOFR. Meanwhile, the interest earned on the Company’s student loan assets is indexed primarily to the 30-day average SOFR
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in effect for each day in a calendar quarter. The different interest rate characteristics of the Company’s loan assets and liabilities funding these assets result in basis risk. The Company’s cash flow forecast assumes, for the life of the portfolio, a relationship between the various SOFR indices that is implied by the current forward SOFR curves. If the forecast is computed assuming a spread of an additional 12 basis points between 3-month Term SOFR and 30-day average SOFR for the life of the portfolio, the cash flow forecast would be reduced by approximately $5 million to $15 million.
The Company uses the current forward interest rate yield curve to forecast cash flows. A change in the forward interest rate curve would impact the future cash flows generated from the portfolio. See Item 3, "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk — Interest Rate Risk — AGM Operating Segment" for additional information about various interest rate risks which may impact future cash flows from AGM's loan assets.
Liquidity Impact Related to Beneficial Interest in Loan Securitizations
The Company has partial ownership in consumer, private education, and federally insured student loan third-party securitizations that are classified as "beneficial interest in loan securitizations" and included in "other investments and notes receivable, net" on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. These residual interests were acquired by the Company or have been received by the Company as consideration from selling portfolios of loans to unrelated third parties who securitized such loans. As of the latest remittance reports filed by the various trusts prior to or as of June 30, 2026, the Company's ownership correlates to approximately $1.58 billion of loans included in these securitizations. Investment interest income earned by the Company from the beneficial interest in loan securitizations is included in "investment interest" on the Company's consolidated statements of income and is not a component of the Company's loan interest income.
As of June 30, 2026, the investment balance on the Company's consolidated balance sheet of its beneficial interest in loan securitizations was $188.9 million. For a summary of this investment balance, see note 5 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included under Part I, Item 1 of this report.
The Company's partial ownership percentage in each loan securitization grants the Company the right to receive the corresponding percentage of cash flows generated by the securitization. As of June 30, 2026, based on cash flow models developed to reflect management’s current estimate of, among other factors, prepayments, defaults, deferment, forbearance, and interest rates, the Company currently expects future undiscounted cash flows from its partial ownership in these securitizations to be approximately $266.0 million. The vast majority of these cash flows are expected to be received over the next 5 years.
The difference between the total estimated future undiscounted cash flows from these residual interests ($266.0 million) and the investment carrying value ($188.9 million) of $77.1 million, or $58.6 million after income taxes based on the estimated effective tax rate, represents estimated future investment interest income (earnings) from these investments and is expected to be accretive to the Company's balance of consolidated shareholders' equity from the June 30, 2026 balance.
The undiscounted future cash flows from the consumer and private education loan securitizations are highly subject to credit risk (defaults). If defaults are higher than management's current estimate, the forecasted cash flows and estimated future investment interest income (earnings) from these securitizations would be adversely impacted.
Sources and Needs of Liquidity - Nelnet Bank
Nelnet Bank’s growth strategy is supported by a combination of parent company capital support, diversified deposit funding, and access to supplemental liquidity sources. Nelnet Bank’s primary liquidity needs relate to funding loan originations and acquisitions while maintaining appropriate capital and liquidity levels.
Nelnet Bank operates under a capital and liquidity maintenance agreement that requires Nelnet, Inc., Nelnet Bank's parent company, to serve as a source of financial strength to Nelnet Bank. Nelnet, Inc. has provided capital contributions to support Nelnet Bank’s growth since inception and expects to continue to provide equity capital as necessary to support balance sheet growth and to meet regulatory capital requirements. Through June 30, 2026, the Company has contributed $431.3 million of initial and ongoing capital to Nelnet Bank. Such capital contributions have included cash, investments, loans, and equity in student loan trusts. During the six months ended June 30, 2026, Nelnet, Inc. contributed seven student loan securitization trusts that included $153.4 million of net assets.
Nelnet Bank funds the majority of its assets through a diversified deposit base, including retail, commercial, institutional, and brokered deposits sourced through direct banking platforms and deposit marketplaces. Deposit products include both liquid and term deposits with varying maturities, which provide funding stability and flexibility. Management expects continued deposit growth to be the primary source of funding for future loan growth.
In addition to deposit funding, Nelnet Bank maintains access to unsecured federal funds lines with correspondent banks and has established borrowing capacity with the Federal Reserve Bank and the Federal Home Loan Bank. These sources provide additional liquidity and funding flexibility as needed.
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Other Sources of Liquidity
Unsecured Line of Credit
On March 31, 2026, the Company entered into a new $435.0 million unsecured line of credit with a maturity date of March 31, 2031. In conjunction with entering into the new line of credit, the Company terminated its $495.0 million line of credit which had a scheduled maturity date of September 22, 2026. There was no outstanding balance on the $495.0 million line of credit on the date of termination. As of June 30, 2026, the new unsecured line of credit had no amount outstanding and $435.0 million was available for future use. Upon the maturity date of the new facility, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to maintain this line of credit, increase or maintain the amount outstanding under the line, or find alternative funding if necessary.
Union Bank Participation Agreement
The Company has an agreement with Union Bank under which Union Bank has agreed to purchase from the Company participation interests in FFELP loan asset-backed securities (bond investments). The agreement automatically renews annually and is terminable by either party upon five business days' notice. The Company can participate FFELP loan asset-backed securities (investments) to Union Bank to the extent of availability under the grantor trusts, up to $400.0 million or an amount in excess of $400.0 million if mutually agreed to by both parties. As of June 30, 2026, $0.1 million (par value) of FFELP loan asset-backed securities were subject to outstanding participation interests held by Union Bank, as trustee, under this agreement.
Stock Repurchases
The Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program to repurchase up to a total of five million shares of the Company's Class A common stock during the three-year period ending May 8, 2028. As of June 30, 2026, 4,219,239 shares remained authorized for repurchase under the Company's stock repurchase program. Shares may be repurchased from time to time on the open market, in private transactions (including with related parties), or otherwise, depending on various factors, including share prices and other potential uses of liquidity.
Shares repurchased by the Company during the first half of 2026 are shown below. For additional information on stock repurchases during the second quarter of 2026, see "Stock Repurchases" under Part II, Item 2 of this report.
Total shares repurchased Purchase price (in thousands) Average price of shares repurchased (per share) (a)
Quarter ended March 31, 2026 126,319  $ 16,280  128.88 
Quarter ended June 30, 2026 190,281  24,353  127.99 
Total 316,600  $ 40,633  128.34 
(a) The average price of shares repurchased for the quarter ended June 30, 2026 includes excise taxes.
Dividends
On June 15, 2026, the Company paid a second quarter 2026 cash dividend on the Company's Class A and Class B common stock of $0.33 per share. In addition, the Company's Board of Directors has declared a third quarter 2026 cash dividend on the Company's outstanding shares of Class A and Class B common stock of $0.33 per share. The third quarter cash dividend will be paid on September 15, 2026 to shareholders of record at the close of business on September 1, 2026.
The Company plans to continue making regular quarterly dividend payments, subject to future earnings, capital requirements, financial condition, and other factors.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In November 2024, the FASB issued accounting guidance to increase disclosure requirements primarily through enhanced disclosures about types of expenses (including employee compensation, depreciation, and amortization) in commonly presented expense captions. This guidance will be effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026. The guidance is required to be applied prospectively with the option for retrospective application. Management is currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on disclosures included in the notes to the consolidated financial statements. The Company does not expect the standard to impact the Company's financial condition or results of operations.
There are no other recently issued, but not yet adopted, accounting pronouncements which are expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
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ITEM 3.  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
(All dollars are in thousands, except share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
The Company’s consolidated balance sheets include assets and liabilities whose fair values are subject to market risks, primarily interest rate risk. The following sections address the interest rate risk associated with our relevant business activities.
Interest Rate Risk - AGM Operating Segment
AGM’s primary market risk exposure arises from fluctuations in its lending and borrowing rates, the spread between which could impact AGM due to shifts in market interest rates.
The following table sets forth AGM’s loan assets and debt instruments by rate characteristics:
As of June 30, 2026 As of December 31, 2025
Dollars Percent Dollars Percent
Fixed-rate loan assets $ 1,739,001  22.2  % $ 1,611,772  18.5  %
Variable-rate loan assets 6,090,770  77.8  7,087,397  81.5 
Total $ 7,829,771  100.0  % $ 8,699,169  100.0  %
Fixed-rate debt instruments $ 298,926  4.2  % $ 331,404  4.2  %
Variable-rate debt instruments 6,780,151  95.8  7,490,065  95.8 
Total $ 7,079,077  100.0  % $ 7,821,469  100.0  %
FFELP loans originated prior to April 1, 2006 generally earn interest at the higher of the borrower rate, which is fixed over a period of time, or a floating rate based on the special allowance payment (SAP) formula set by the Department. The SAP rate is based on an applicable index plus a fixed spread that depends on loan type, origination date, and repayment status. The Company generally finances its FFELP student loan portfolio with variable-rate debt. In low and/or declining interest rate environments, when the fixed borrower rate is higher than the SAP rate, the Company’s FFELP student loans earn at a fixed rate while the interest on the variable-rate debt typically continues to reflect the low and/or declining interest rates. In these interest rate environments, the Company may earn additional spread income that it refers to as floor income.
Depending on the type of loan and when it was originated, the borrower rate is either fixed to term or is reset to an annual rate each July 1. As a result, for loans where the borrower rate is fixed to term, the Company may earn floor income for an extended period of time, which the Company refers to as fixed-rate floor income, and for those loans where the borrower rate is reset annually on July 1, the Company may earn floor income to the next reset date, which the Company refers to as variable-rate floor income. All FFELP loans first originated on or after April 1, 2006 effectively earn at the SAP rate, since lenders are required to rebate fixed-rate floor income and variable-rate floor income for those loans to the Department.
The Company earned no variable-rate floor income in 2026 or 2025.
The following table shows AGM’s federally insured student loan assets that were earning fixed-rate floor income as of June 30, 2026:
Fixed interest rate range Borrower/lender weighted-average yield Estimated variable conversion rate (a) Loan balance
6.5 - 6.99% 6.71% 4.07% $ 89,500 
7.0 - 7.49% 7.16% 4.52% 34,891 
7.5 - 7.99% 7.72% 5.08% 74,222 
8.0 - 8.99% 8.18% 5.54% 177,676 
> 9.0%
9.06% 6.42% 76,214 
$ 452,503 
(a) The estimated variable conversion rate is the estimated short-term interest rate at which loans would convert to a variable rate. As of June 30, 2026, the weighted-average estimated variable conversion rate was 5.25% and the short-term interest rate was 380 basis points.
Absent the use of derivative instruments, a rise in interest rates will reduce the amount of floor income received and has an impact on earnings due to interest margin compression caused by increasing financing costs, until such time as the federally insured loans earn interest at a variable rate in accordance with their SAP formulas. In higher interest rate environments, where the interest rate rises above the borrower rate and fixed-rate loans effectively become variable-rate loans, the impact of the rate fluctuations is reduced.
64



A summary of fixed-rate floor income earned by the AGM operating segment follows:
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2026 2025 2026 2025
Fixed-rate floor income, gross $ 1,522  997  $ 3,086  1,972 
Derivative settlements (a) (65) 427  (114) 855 
Fixed-rate floor income, net $ 1,457  1,424  $ 2,972  2,827 
(a)    Derivative settlements consist of settlements received related to the Company's derivatives used to hedge student loans earning fixed-rate floor income. See note 4 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this report for a summary of fixed-rate floor derivatives.
AGM is also exposed to interest rate risk in the form of repricing risk and basis risk because the interest rate characteristics of AGM’s assets do not match the interest rate characteristics of the funding for those assets. In a decreasing interest rate environment, student loan spread on FFELP loans decreases in the short term because of the timing of interest rate resets on the Company's assets occurring daily in contrast to the timing of the interest rate resets on the Company's debt occurring either monthly or quarterly. This also results in student loan spread increasing in the short term in an increasing interest rate environment. The following table presents AGM’s FFELP student loan assets and related funding for those assets arranged by underlying indices as of June 30, 2026:
Index Frequency of variable resets Assets Funding of student loan assets
30-day average SOFR (a) Daily $ 6,066,639  — 
3-month Treasury bill Daily 215,740  — 
3-month H15 financial commercial paper Daily 211,018  — 
30-day average SOFR / 1-month CME Term SOFR Monthly —  4,628,755 
90-day average SOFR / 3-month CME Term SOFR (a) Quarterly —  891,591 
Asset-backed commercial paper / SOFR (b) Varies —  469,041 
Fixed rate —  277,696 
Auction-rate (c) Varies —  10,915 
Other (d) 638,626  854,025 
$ 7,132,023  7,132,023 
(a)    The Company has certain basis swaps outstanding in which the Company receives payments indexed to three-month SOFR and makes payments based on the one-month SOFR index (plus or minus a spread) as defined in the agreements (the "Basis Swaps"). The Company entered into these derivative instruments to better match the interest rate characteristics on its student loan assets and the debt funding such assets. The following table summarizes the Basis Swaps outstanding as of June 30, 2026:
Maturity Notional amount
2026 $ 1,150,000 
2027 250,000 
$ 1,400,000 
(b)    The interest rates on the Company's FFELP warehouse facility is indexed to asset-backed commercial paper rates and daily SOFR.
(c)    As of June 30, 2026, the Company was sponsor for $10.9 million of outstanding asset-backed securities that were set and provide for interest rates to be periodically reset via a "dutch auction" (the “Auction Rate Securities”). Since the auction feature has essentially been inoperable for substantially all auction rate securities since 2008, the Auction Rate Securities generally pay interest to the holder at a maximum rate as defined by the indenture. While these rates will vary, they will generally be based on a spread to SOFR or Treasury Securities, or the Net Loan Rate as defined in the financing documents.
(d)    Assets include accrued interest receivable and restricted cash. Funding represents overcollateralization (equity) and other liabilities included in FFELP loan asset-backed securitizations and warehouse facilities.
65



The following table summarizes the effect on the Company’s consolidated earnings based upon a sensitivity analysis performed on AGM’s variable-rate assets (including loans earning fixed-rate floor income) and liabilities. The sensitivity analysis was performed assuming the funding index increases 10 basis points and 30 basis points while holding the asset index constant, if the funding index is different than the asset index.
Asset and funding index mismatches
Increase of
10 basis points
Increase of
30 basis points
Increase of
10 basis points
Increase of
30 basis points
Dollars Percent Dollars Percent Dollars Percent Dollars Percent
Three months ended June 30, 2026 Three months ended June 30, 2025
Effect on earnings:
Increase (decrease) in pre-tax net income before impact of derivative settlements $ (571) (0.8) % $ (1,712) (2.6) % $ (823) (0.3) % $ (2,468) (1.0) %
Impact of derivative settlements 349  0.5  1,047  1.6  349  0.1  1,047  0.4 
Increase (decrease) in net income before taxes $ (222) (0.3) % $ (665) (1.0) % $ (474) (0.2) % $ (1,421) (0.6) %
Increase (decrease) in basic and diluted earnings per share $ (0.00) $ (0.01) $ (0.01) $ (0.03)
Six months ended June 30, 2026 Six months ended June 30, 2025
Effect on earnings:
Increase (decrease) in pre-tax net income before impact of derivative settlements $ (1,214) (0.9) % $ (3,642) (2.6) % $ (1,584) (0.5) % $ (4,750) (1.4) %
Impact of derivative settlements 694  0.5  2,083  1.5  694  0.2  2,083  0.6 
Increase (decrease) in net income before taxes $ (520) (0.4) % $ (1,559) (1.1) % $ (890) (0.3) % $ (2,667) (0.8) %
Increase (decrease) in basic and diluted earnings per share $ (0.01) $ (0.03) $ (0.02) $ (0.06)
Interest Rate Risk - Nelnet Bank
To manage Nelnet Bank's risk from fluctuations in market interest rates, the Company actively monitors interest rates and other interest sensitive components to minimize the impact that changes in interest rates have on the fair value of assets, net income, and cash flow. To achieve this objective, the Company manages and mitigates Nelnet Bank’s exposure to fluctuations in market interest rates through several techniques, including managing the maturity, repricing, and mix of fixed- and variable-rate assets and liabilities and the use of derivative instruments.
The following table presents Nelnet Bank's loan assets, asset-backed security investments, and deposits (including intercompany deposits) by rate characteristics:
As of June 30, 2026 As of December 31, 2025
Dollars Percent Dollars Percent
Fixed-rate loan assets $ 690,380  $ 630,570 
Fixed-rate investments 104,110  83,020 
Total fixed-rate assets 794,490  27.4  % 713,590  35.4  %
Variable-rate loan assets 948,717  326,992 
Variable-rate investments 1,161,681  975,268 
Total variable-rate assets 2,110,398  72.6  1,302,260  64.6 
Total assets $ 2,904,888  100.0  % $ 2,015,850  100.0  %
Fixed-rate deposits $ 1,036,973  41.4  % $ 635,293  36.0  %
Variable-rate deposits (a) 1,468,033  58.6  1,127,667  64.0 
Total deposits $ 2,505,006  100.0  % $ 1,762,960  100.0  %
(a)    Nelnet Bank uses derivative instruments to hedge exposure to variability in cash flows of variable-rate deposits to minimize the exposure to volatility in cash flows from future changes in interest rates. The derivatives are not reflected in the above table. See note 4 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included under Part I, Item 1 of this report for a summary of Nelnet Bank's derivatives outstanding as of June 30, 2026.
66



Interest Rate and Market Risk - Investments
The following table presents the rates earned on the Company’s available-for-sale debt securities (investments), excluding securities (investments) held by Nelnet Bank.
Average balance Interest income Average yield Average balance Interest income Average yield
Three months ended June 30,
2026 2025
Investments:
Asset-backed securities available-for-sale (a) (b) $ 597,297  7,865  5.28  % $ 620,800  8,110  5.24  %
Six months ended June 30,
2026 2025
Investments:
Asset-backed securities available-for-sale (a) (b) $ 648,795  16,358  5.08  % $ 605,050  16,105  5.37  %
(a)The Company has repurchased certain of its own asset-backed securities (bonds and notes payable) in the secondary market or retained such instruments upon initial issuance. For accounting purposes, these notes are eliminated in consolidation and are not included in the Company's consolidated financial statements. However, these securities remain legally outstanding at the trust level and the Company could sell these notes to third parties, redeem the notes at par as cash is generated by the trust estate, or pledge the securities as collateral on repurchase agreements. Upon a sale of these notes to third parties, the Company would obtain cash proceeds equal to the market value of the notes on the date of such sale. The table above includes these repurchased bonds.
(b)The majority of the Company’s asset-backed securities earn floating rates with expected returns of approximately SOFR + 50 to 350 basis points to maturity. As of June 30, 2026, $213.5 million (par value) of the Company’s asset-backed securities earn a weighted-average fixed rate of 3.95%.
The Company’s portfolio of asset-backed investment securities has limited liquidity, and the Company could incur a significant loss if the investments were sold prior to maturity at an amount less than the original purchase price. As of June 30, 2026, the gross unrealized loss on the Company’s available-for-sale debt securities (including available-for-sale securities held at Nelnet Bank) was $18.0 million, and the aggregate fair value of available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses was $854.8 million. The Company currently has the intent and ability to retain these investments, and none of the unrealized losses were due to credit losses. See note 5 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included under Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional information.
67



Consolidated Sensitivity Analysis
The following table summarizes the effect on the Company’s consolidated earnings, based upon a sensitivity analysis performed on the Company’s significant interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities assuming hypothetical increases and decreases in interest rates of 100 basis points and 300 basis points, while funding spreads remain constant:
Interest rates
Change from increase of
100 basis points
Change from increase of
300 basis points
Change from decrease of
100 basis points
Change from decrease of
300 basis points
Dollars Percent Dollars Percent Dollars Percent Dollars Percent
Three months ended June 30, 2026
Effect on earnings:
AGM operating segment (a) $ (1,276) $ (1,107) $ 2,357  $ 9,497 
Nelnet Bank operating segment (b) 1,453  4,555  (1,355) (3,606)
NFS other operating segments (c) 925  2,774  (925) (2,774)
ETSP operating segment (d) 1,263  3,789  (1,263) (3,789)
Corporate and Other Activities (d) 1,237  3,710  (1,237) (3,710)
Increase (decrease) in net income before taxes $ 3,602  5.5  % $ 13,721  21.0  % $ (2,423) (3.7) % $ (4,382) (6.7) %
Increase (decrease) in basic and diluted earnings per share $ 0.08  $ 0.29  $ (0.05) $ (0.09)
Three months ended June 30, 2025
Effect on earnings:
AGM operating segment (a) $ 374  $ 5,253  $ 373  $ 3,457 
Nelnet Bank operating segment (b) 303  910  (303) (910)
NFS other operating segments (c) 975  2,924  (975) (2,924)
ETSP operating segment (d) 1,259  3,776  (1,259) (3,776)
Corporate and Other Activities (d) 1,232  3,695  (1,232) (3,695)
Increase (decrease) in net income before taxes $ 4,143  1.7  % $ 16,558  7.0  % $ (3,396) (1.4) % $ (7,848) (3.3) %
Increase (decrease) in basic and diluted earnings per share $ 0.09  $ 0.34  $ (0.07) $ (0.16)
Six months ended June 30, 2026
Effect on earnings:
AGM operating segment (a) $ (1,738) $ 223  $ 4,023  $ 17,179 
Nelnet Bank operating segment (b) 5,339  16,213  (5,241) (15,264)
NFS other operating segments (c) 2,097  6,290  (2,097) (6,290)
ETSP operating segment (d) 2,864  8,591  (2,864) (8,591)
Corporate and Other Activities (d) 967  2,901  (967) (2,901)
Increase (decrease) in net income before taxes $ 9,529  6.8  % $ 34,218  24.3  % $ (7,146) (5.1) % $ (15,867) (11.2) %
Increase (decrease) in basic and diluted earnings per share $ 0.20  $ 0.72  $ (0.15) $ (0.33)
Six months ended June 30, 2025
Effect on earnings:
AGM operating segment (a) $ 776  $ 10,520  $ 728  $ 6,709 
Nelnet Bank operating segment (b) 1,018  3,054  (1,018) (3,054)
NFS other operating segments (c) 1,891  5,674  (1,891) (5,674)
ETSP operating segment (d) 2,826  8,478  (2,826) (8,478)
Corporate and Other Activities (d) 1,312  3,936  (1,312) (3,936)
Increase (decrease) in net income before taxes $ 7,823  2.3  % $ 31,662  9.2  % $ (6,319) (1.8) % $ (14,433) (4.2) %
Increase (decrease) in basic and diluted earnings per share $ 0.16  $ 0.66  $ (0.13) $ (0.30)
68



(a)Impact associated with variable-rate restricted cash, variable-rate loans, and variable-rate bonds and notes payable, including the impact of derivative settlements.
(b)Impact associated with variable-rate loans and debt securities (investments) and variable-rate deposits and bonds and notes payable, including the impact of derivative settlements.
(c)Impact associated with variable-rate debt securities (investments).
(d)Impact associated with interest earning operating and restricted cash accounts.
ITEM 4.  CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company's principal executive and principal financial officers, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of June 30, 2026. Based on this evaluation, the Company’s principal executive and principal financial officers concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2026.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2026 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
There have been no material changes from the information referred to in the Legal Proceedings section of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 under Part I, Item 3 of such Form 10-K.
ITEM 1A.  RISK FACTORS
There have been no material changes from the risk factors described in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 in response to Part I, Item 1A of such Form 10-K.
ITEM 2.  UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Stock Repurchases
The following table summarizes the repurchases of Class A common stock during the second quarter of 2026 by the Company or any “affiliated purchaser” of the Company, as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Certain share repurchases included in the table below were made pursuant to a trading plan adopted by the Company in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Period Total number of shares purchased (a) Average price paid per share (b) Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs (c) Maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (c)
April 1 - April 30, 2026 16,126  $ 128.31  16,126  4,382,095 
May 1 - May 31, 2026 109,695  126.12  109,436  4,272,659 
June 1 - June 30, 2026 64,460  129.04  53,420  4,219,239 
Total 190,281  $ 127.30  178,982 
(a)The total number of shares includes: (i) shares repurchased pursuant to the stock repurchase program discussed in footnote (c) below; and (ii) shares owned and tendered by employees to satisfy tax withholding obligations upon the vesting of restricted shares. Shares of Class A common stock tendered by employees to satisfy tax withholding obligations included 259 shares in May 2026 and 11,040 shares in June 2026. Unless otherwise indicated, shares owned and tendered by employees to satisfy tax withholding obligations were purchased at the closing price of the Company’s shares on the date of vesting.
(b)The average price of shares repurchased excludes excise taxes.
(c)On May 8, 2025, the Company announced that its Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program to repurchase up to a total of five million shares of the Company's Class A common stock during the three-year period ending May 8, 2028. As of June 30, 2026, 4,219,239 shares remained authorized for repurchase under the Company's stock repurchase program.
69



Working capital and dividend restrictions/limitations
The Company's $435.0 million unsecured line of credit, which is available through March 31, 2031, imposes restrictions on the payment of dividends through covenants requiring a minimum consolidated net worth. In addition, trust indentures and other financing agreements governing debt issued by the Company's lending subsidiaries generally have limitations on the amounts of funds that can be transferred to the Company by its subsidiaries through cash dividends at certain times. Further, Nelnet Bank and Nelnet Insurance Services' consolidated captive insurance companies are subject to laws and regulations that restrict the ability to pay dividends to the Company and authorize regulatory authorities to prohibit or limit the payment of dividends by these subsidiaries to the Company. These provisions do not currently materially limit the Company's ability to pay dividends and, based on the Company's current financial condition and recent results of operations, the Company does not currently anticipate that these provisions will materially limit the future payment of dividends.
ITEM 5.  OTHER INFORMATION
Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans
The following table describes contracts, instructions, or written plans for the purchase or sale of the Company's securities adopted by the Company's directors or executive officers during the second quarter of 2026, each of which is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c), referred to as Rule 10b5-1 trading plans:
Name and Title Date of Adoption of Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plan Scheduled Expiration Date of Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plan (a) Aggregate Number of Securities to Be Purchased or Sold
Timothy Tewes (b)
Former President
6/12/2026 6/11/2027
Sale of 30,000 shares of Class A common stock
(a)    A trading plan may also expire on such earlier date as all transactions under the trading plan are completed.
(b)    Mr. Tewes retired from the Company effective June 30, 2026. The Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement was adopted on June 12, 2026, while Mr. Tewes was serving as President.
ITEM 6.  EXHIBITS
10.1
31.1*
31.2*
32**
101.INS* Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104* Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).
* Filed herewith
** Furnished herewith
70



SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
NELNET, INC.
Date: August 6, 2026 By: /s/ JEFFREY R. NOORDHOEK
Name: Jeffrey R. Noordhoek
Title:
Chief Executive Officer
Principal Executive Officer
Date: August 6, 2026 By: /s/ JAMES D. KRUGER
Name: James D. Kruger
Title: 
Chief Financial Officer
Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer


71
EX-31.1 2 nni-06302026xex_311.htm EX-31.1 Document

Exhibit 31.1
 


Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
I, Jeffrey R. Noordhoek, certify that:
 
1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Nelnet, Inc. (the “Company”);
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

                                                      
Date:
August 6, 2026 /s/ JEFFREY R. NOORDHOEK
Jeffrey R. Noordhoek Chief Executive Officer
Principal Executive Officer
   

EX-31.2 3 nni-06302026xex_312.htm EX-31.2 Document

Exhibit 31.2
 


Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
I, James D. Kruger, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Nelnet, Inc. (the “Company”);
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.


    
Date:
August 6, 2026 /s/ JAMES D. KRUGER
James D. Kruger
Chief Financial Officer
Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer


EX-32 4 nni-06302026xex_32.htm EX-32 Document

Exhibit 32



Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of Nelnet, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2026 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), we certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
 

 
Date: August 6, 2026
By: /s/ JEFFREY R. NOORDHOEK
Name: Jeffrey R. Noordhoek
Title:   Chief Executive Officer
 Principal Executive Officer
By: /s/ JAMES D. KRUGER
Name: James D. Kruger
Title:   Chief Financial Officer
 Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer