OSRホールディングスの四半期報告

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended: September 30, 2025

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

OSR HOLDINGS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware		001-41390		84-5052822
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(Commission File Number)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

10900 NE 4th Street, Suite 2300 Bellevue, WA		98004
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

(425) 635-7700

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class:	Trading Symbol:	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered:
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share	OSRH	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Redeemable warrants, exercisable for shares of common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share	OSRHW	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 5, 2025, there were 25,672,788 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share issued and outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I Financial Information		1

Item 1.	Financial Statements	1
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2025 (unaudited) and December 31, 2024	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (unaudited) for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (unaudited) for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024	4
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	27
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	31
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	31

PART II Other Information		32

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	32
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	32
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	32
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	34
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	34
Item 5.	Other Information	34
Item 6.	Exhibits	34
	Signatures	35

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

OSR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In the United States Dollar, except share data)

	(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)
	September 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,177,309		$	341,543
Trade and other receivables, less allowance for credit losses of $65,170.95 and $67,579.81 as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively		533,929			933,824
Inventories, net		185,095			922,107
Prepaid income taxes		3			39
Other current financial assets		57,053			54,422
Other current assets		250,825			74,555
Total current assets		3,204,215			2,326,489
Equipment and vehicles, net		98,109			2,334
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net		50,371			78,484
Intangible assets, net		148,152,920			148,056,852
Goodwill		25,531,648			24,354,066
Other non-current financial assets		170,963			329,252
Deferred tax assets		81,303			92,101
Total assets	$	177,289,528		$	175,239,579
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Short-term borrowing	$	1,859,897		$	1,799,796
Short-term corporate bond		2,469,959			0
Trade and other payables		7,663,482			1,078,760
Accrued expenses		977,446			459,883
Operating lease liabilities-current		38,796			44,741
Other current liabilities		963,317			79,777
Income taxes payable		358,333			255
Derivative liabilities		700,777			0
Total current liabilities		15,032,007			3,463,212
Long-term debt		0			497,615
Operating lease liabilities- non-current		11,574			33,372
Other non-current liabilities		1,737			1,657
Deferred tax liabilities		28,086,365			28,035,508
Total liabilities		43,131,683			32,031,364

Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, Authorized 100,000,000 shares; 23,671,217 shares and 2,155,000 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively		2,367			216
Additional paid-in capital		109,548,746			162,606,449
Accumulated deficit		(32,327,645	)		(19,173,063	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income		4,721,717			(225,386	)
Non-controlling interests		52,212,660			0
Total stockholders’ equity		134,157,845			143,208,215
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	177,289,528		$	175,239,579

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

OSR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)

(In the United States Dollar)

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025			2024			2025			2024
Net sales	$	627,747		$	822,996		$	2,524,536		$	2,615,051
Cost of sales		366,014			643,903			2,061,335			1,963,835
Gross profit		261,734			179,093			463,201			651,215
Selling, general, and administrative expenses		4,065,199			3,745,635			12,413,670			10,730,393
Operating loss		(3,803,465	)		(3,566,542	)		(11,950,469	)		(10,079,178	)
Other income (expense):
Interest income		18,474			1,442			47,364			11,448
Interest expense		(43,866	)		(9,114	)		(97,194	)		(24,729	)
Other income		24,250			82,221			218,950			95,958
Other expenses		(685,218	)		(4,101	)		(9,326,489	)		(106,069	)
Loss before income taxes		(4,489,826	)		(3,496,094	)		(21,107,838	)		(10,102,570	)
Income tax benefit		1,294,952			139,560			1,294,952			1,113,183
Net loss	$	(3,194,874	)	$	(3,356,533	)	$	(19,812,886	)	$	(8,989,387	)
Attributable to:
OSR Holdings, Inc. and subsidiaries		(2,126,595	)		(3,356,533	)		(13,187,995	)		(8,989,387	)
Non-controlling interests		(1,068,279	)		0			(6,624,892	)		0
Other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax
Gain(loss) on foreign currency translation		(2,257,789	)		104			4,947,103			23,678
Total comprehensive loss for the year		(5,452,663	)		(3,356,430	)		(14,865,783	)		(8,965,709	)
Attributable to:
OSR Holdings, Inc. and subsidiaries		(3,629,440	)		(3,356,430	)		(9,895,069	)		(8,965,709	)
Non-controlling interests		(1,823,223	)		0			(4,970,715	)		0
Loss per share attributable to OSR Holding, Inc. and subsidiaries
Basic loss per ordinary share	$	(0.10	)	$	(1.56	)	$	(0.76	)	$	(4.17	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

OSR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

(In the United States Dollar)

	Common stock				Additional paid-in			Retained Earnings (accumulated			Accumulated other comprehensive			Non- controlling			Total stockholders’
	Shares		Amounts		capital			deficit)			Income (loss)			interests			equity
Balance at January 1, 2024		5,622,954	$	640		106,896,221		$	(10,496,810	)	$	131,022		$	—		$	96,531,073
Net loss		—		—		—			(5,632,853	)		—			—			(5,632,853	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		—		—		—			—			23,575			—			23,575
Balance at June 30, 2024		5,622,954	$	640		106,896,221		$	(16,129,663	)	$	154,597		$	—		$	90,921,794
Balance at July 1, 2024		5,622,954	$	640		106,896,221		$	(16,129,663	)	$	154,597		$	—		$	90,921,794
Net loss		—		—		—			(3,356,533	)		—			—			(3,356,533	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		—		—		—			—			104			—			104
Balance at September 30, 2024		5,622,954	$	640		106,896,221		$	(19,486,197	)	$	154,701		$	—		$	87,565,364
Balance at January 1, 2025		2,155,000	$	216		162,606,449		$	(19,173,063	)	$	(225,386	)	$	—		$	143,208,215
Net loss		—		—		—			(11,061,400	)		—			(5,556,612	)		(16,618,012	)
Changes in Exercise tax		—		—		—			57,213			—			—			57,213
Foreign currency translation adjustment		—		—		—			—			7,204,892			4,484,754			11,689,646
Business Combination		17,121,978		1,712		(56,524,226	)		—			—			56,522,514			—
Issuance of share capital		529,481		53		(813,998	)		—			—			—			814,051
Balance at June 30, 2025		19,806,459	$	1,981		106,896,221		$	(30,177,250	)	$	6,979,506		$	55,450,656		$	139,151,113
Balance at July 1, 2025		19,806,459	$	1,981		106,896,221		$	(30,177,250	)	$	6,979,506		$	55,450,656		$	139,151,113
Net loss		—		—		—			(2,126,595	)		—			(1,068,279	)		(3,194,874	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		—		—		—			(23,800	)		(2,257,789	)		(2,169,716	)		(4,451,305	)
Issuance of share capital		3,864,758		386		2,652,525			—			—			—			2,652,911
Balance at September 30, 2025		23,671,217		2,367		109,548,746			(32,327,645	)		4,721,717			52,212,660			134,157,845

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

OSR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(In the United States Dollar)

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2025			2024
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(19,812,886	)	$	(8,989,387	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities:
Income tax benefit		(1,294,952	)		(1,113,183	)
Depreciation		894			47,849
Amortization		7,010,647			8,488,493
Loss on inventory valuation		(8,891	)		1,346
Loss on disposal of tangible assets		-			3,477
Lease expense		40,346			-
Bad debts		(5,634	)		26,322
Severance pay		178,137			75,301
Commissions and professional fees		626,890			-
Loss on change in fair value of financial liabilities		518,686			-
Merger and acquisiton costs		8,703,455			-
Loss on foreign currency translation		54,934			54,323
Gain on change in fair value of financial liabilities		(24,200	)		-
Gain on foreign currency translation		(125,410	)		(54,256	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Decrease in trade and other receivables		461,201			154,158
Decrease in inventories, net		784,631			271,945
Increase in prepaid income taxes		-			(547	)
Increase in other current financial assets		(8,551	)		-
Decrease (increase) in other current assets		30,208			(10,786	)
Decrease in ROU assets		-			22,092
Decrease in trade and other payables		(584,752	)		(592,844	)
Increase in accrued expenses		286,720			23,447
Decrease in lease liabilities		(40,346	)		(59,553	)
Increase (decrease) in tax payables		26,525			(13,212	)
Decrease in other liabilities		(75,693	)		(3,429	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(3,258,041	)		(1,668,444	)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Decrease in deposits		-			8,388
Decrease in short-term loan		-			702,008
Decrease in long-term loan		246,037			-
Disposal of equipment and vehicles		1,029			6,056
Purchase of tangible assets		(96,871	)		-
Increase in deposits		(354	)		(7,392	)
Increase in long-term loan		(1,452,275	)		(17,637	)
Increase in cash and cash equivalents from business combination		1,232,969			-
Net cash provided by investing activities		(69,465	)		691,423
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from long-term debt		-			238,619
Proceeds from short-term borrowing		2,089,031			1,284,822
Repayment of long-term debt		(517,766	)		-
Repayment of short-term borrowing		(423,477	)		(660,622	)
Issuance of convertible bonds		1,087,780			-
Repayment of convertible bonds		(464,026	)		-
Proceeds from issuance of common stock		3,385,038			-
Net cash provided by financing activities		5,156,580			862,818
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		1,829,076			(114,201	)
Effects of changes in exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents		6,693			96,993
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year		341,543			540,207
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	$	2,177,309		$	522,997
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	97,803		$	37,311
Cash paid for income taxes (net of refunds received)		(26,525	)		13,765

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

OSR HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2025 and 2024

(UNAUDITED)

(1)	Organization and nature of business

OSR Holdings, Inc. (the Company) and its subsidiaries (collectively the Group) are a global healthcare company dedicated to advancing healthcare outcomes and improving the quality of life for people and their families. The Group aims to build and develop a robust portfolio of innovative and potentially transformative therapies and healthcare solutions. The Group’s current operating businesses (through the four wholly owned subsidiaries) include (i) developing oral immunotherapies for the treatment of cancer, (ii) developing design-augmented biologics for age-related and other degenerative diseases and (iii) neurovascular intervention medical device and systems distribution in Korea. The Group’s vision is to acquire and operate a portfolio of innovative health-care related companies globally.

The Company (formerly known as Bellevue Life Sciences Acquisition Corp. or BLAC) was incorporated in Delaware on February 25, 2020. The Company was incorporated for the purpose of entering into a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, recapitalization, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses or entities (the “Business Combination”). The Company is an emerging growth company and, as such, the Company is subject to all of the risks associated with emerging growth companies.

On February 14, 2025 (the “Closing Date”), the Company consummated its previously announced business combination (the “Business Combination”) with OSR Holdings Co., Ltd., a corporation organized under the laws of the Republic of Korea (“OSR”), pursuant to the Amended and Restated Business Combination Agreement dated May 23, 2024, as amended on December 20, 2024 (the “Business Combination Agreement”). The Business Combination Agreement was entered into among the Company, OSR, and certain OSR stockholders that executed joinder agreements thereto. In connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, the Company changed its name from “Bellevue Life Sciences Acquisition Corp. or BLAC” to “OSR Holdings, Inc.”

The Business Combination was consummated on February 14, 2025, which, for accounting and reporting purposes under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (US-GAAP), was treated as the equivalent of OSR Holdings Co., Ltd. exchanging its stock for the net assets of OSR Holdings, Inc, accompanied by an equity recapitalization of OSR Holdings, Inc, which was determined to fall within the scope of Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 805 Business Combinations. OSR Holdings, Inc. was treated as the acquired company, and its net assets were stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. The excess of the fair value of shares exchanged to OSR Holdings, Inc. over the fair value of OSR Holdings, Inc’s identifiable net assets acquired represented compensation for the service of a stock exchange listing for its shares and was expensed as incurred.

Details of shareholders as of September 30, 2025 are as follows:

Name of Shareholder	Number of ordinary share		Percentage of ownership
Bellevue Global Life Sciences Investors LLC		1,332,500		5.63	%
BCM Europe AG		8,612,634		36.38	%
Bellevue Capital Management LLC		3,123,970		13.20	%
Duksung Co.,Ltd.		1,420,215		6.00	%
Others		9,181,898		38.79	%
Total		23,671,217		100.00	%

As of September 30, 2025, there were 23,671,217 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

Details of investments in subsidiaries as of September 30, 2025 are as follows:

Name of subsidiary	Share capital		Percentage of ownership			Principal activities
VAXIMM AG (“VAXIMM”)	$	778,208		100.00	%	Biotech (drug development)
RMC Co., Ltd. (“RMC”)		24,961		100.00	%	Medical device distribution
Darnatein Co., Ltd. (“Darnatein”)		4,611,801		100.00	%	Biotech (drug development)
OSR Holdings, Inc. ("OSRI") (*1)		2,450		N/A		SPAC

Key financial information of the subsidiaries at September 30, 2025 are as follows :

Name of subsidiary	Asset		Liability		Equity			Sales		Net Income(loss)
VAXIMM AG	$	638,405	$	275,103	$	363,302		$	74,031	$	(206,841	)
RMC Co.,Ltd		1,342,303		1,123,849		218,453			2,450,506		(490,105	)
Darnatein Co.,Ltd		170,206		907,976		(737,770	)		-		(287,890	)
OSR Holdings, Inc. (*1)		3,487,130		11,197,024		(7,709,894	)		-		(2,945,469	)

(*1)	Aforementioned above, the Company is treated as the acquired company under ASC 805 Business Combinations. As such, it is shown as subsidiary for the subsidiary investment details.

Summaries of entities, which are newly included in consolidation scope for the periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025
Name of subsidiary	Reason	Type of purchase consideration
OSR Holdings, Inc.	Acquisition (*2)	Equity swap with shares of the Parent and OSR Holdings, Inc.’s share

(*2)	The Parent acquired subsidiary in February 2025 and accounted for the acquisitions at March 31, 2025, which is deemed the acquisition date.

(2)	Summary of significant accounting policies

Basis of presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to US-GAAP and reflect all adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary to a fair presentation of the results of the interim periods presented, under the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). These condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments consisting of only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the results of the interim periods presented. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any subsequent quarter or for the entire year ending December 31, 2025. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the Company’s annual audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes prepared in accordance with US-GAAP have been condensed in, or omitted from, these interim financial statements. Accordingly, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes to the audited consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 22, 2025, which is presented in Korean won.

Principle of consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of OSR Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

The Company consolidates entities in which it has a controlling financial interest based on either the variable interest entity (VIE) or voting interest model. The Company is required to first apply the VIE model to determine whether it holds a variable interest in an entity, and if so, whether the entity is a VIE. If the Company determines it does not hold a variable interest in a VIE, it then applies the voting interest model. Under the voting interest model, the Company consolidates an entity when it holds a majority voting interest in an entity.

The Company accounts for investments in which it has significant influence but not a controlling financial interest using the equity method of accounting.

Use of estimates

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with US-GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include allowance for credit losses, valuation of inventories, valuation of deferred tax assets, the useful lives of equipment and vehicles, lease liabilities and right-of-use assets, and other contingencies.

Cash and cash equivalents

The Group considers all highly liquid financial instruments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.

Allowance for credit losses

The Group records an allowance for credit losses (ACL) under Subtopic 326-20 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses – Measured at Amortized Cost for the current expected credit losses inherent in its financial assets measured at amortized cost and contract assets. The ACL is a valuation account deducted from the amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected. The estimate of expected credit losses includes expected recoveries of amounts previously written off as well as amounts expected to be written off.

Accounts receivable

The Group uses an aging schedule to estimate the ACL for trade accounts receivable. This method categorizes trade receivables into different groups based on industry and the number of days past due. Past due status is measured based on the number of days since the payment due date. The trade receivables are evaluated individually for expected credit losses if they no longer share similar risk characteristics. The Group determines that the receivables no longer share similar risk characteristic if they are past due balances over 90 days and over a specified amount. The Group evaluates the collectability of trade accounts receivables with payments that are more than 90 days past due on an individual basis to determine if any are deemed uncollectible. Trade accounts receivable balances are deemed uncollectible and written off as a deduction from the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted.

Accounts receivable

Accounts receivables are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. Amounts collected on trade accounts receivable are included in cash flows from operating activities in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value and cost is determined by the first-in, first-out method. Cost comprises of direct materials and delivery costs, direct labor, import duties and other taxes, an appropriate proportion of variable and fixed overhead expenditure based on normal operating capacity, and, where applicable, transfers from cash flow hedging reserves in equity. Costs of purchased inventory are determined after deducting rebates and discounts received or receivable.

Stock in transit is stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost comprises of purchase and delivery costs, net of rebates and discounts received or receivable.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

Equipment and vehicles

Equipment and vehicles are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items.

Depreciation of all equipment and vehicles is calculated using the straight-line method to allocate their cost or revalued amounts, net of their residual values, over their estimated useful lives as follows:

		Estimated useful lives
Vehicle		5 years
Office equipment		5 years
Facility equipment		3 to 13 years

The assets’ depreciation method, residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period.

Goodwill and intangible assets

Goodwill represents the excess purchase price over the estimated fair value of net assets acquired in a business combination.

The Group accounts for intangible assets in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (ASC 350). ASC 350 requires that intangible assets with estimable useful lives be amortized over their respective estimated useful lives and reviewed for impairment in accordance with accounting standards.

When impairment indicators are identified, the Group compares the reporting unit’s fair value to its carrying amount, including goodwill. An impairment loss is recognized as the difference, if any, between the reporting unit’s carrying amount and its fair value, to the extent the difference does not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.

Indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment annually, and more frequently when there is a triggering event. Annually, or when there is a triggering event, the Group first performs a qualitative assessment by evaluating all relevant events and circumstances to determine if it is more likely than not that the indefinite-lived intangible assets are impaired; this includes considering any potential effect on significant inputs to determining the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible assets. When it is more likely than not that an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired, then the Group calculates the fair value of the intangible asset and performs a quantitative impairment test.

Impairment of long--lived assets

Long-lived assets, such as equipment, vehicles and intangible assets subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If circumstances require a long-lived asset or asset group to be tested for possible impairment, the Group first compares undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by that asset or asset group to its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, an impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds its fair value. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques including discounted cash flow models, quoted market values and third-party independent appraisals, as considered necessary.

Leases

The Group is a lessee in several noncancellable operating leases, primarily for plants and main offices. The Group does not have a finance lease.

The Group accounts for leases in accordance with ASC Topic 842, Leases. The Group determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at contract inception. The Group recognizes a right-of-use (ROU) asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date.

For operating leases, the lease liability is initially and subsequently measured at the present value of the unpaid lease payments at the lease commencement date. For finance leases, the lease liability is initially measured in the same manner and date as for operating leases and is subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective-interest method.

Key estimates and judgments include how the Group determines (1) the discount rate it uses to discount the unpaid lease payments to present value, (2) lease term, and (3) lease payments.

●

Topic 842 requires a lessee to discount its unpaid lease payments using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, its incremental borrowing rate. Generally, the Group cannot determine the interest rate implicit in the lease because it does not have access to the lessor’s estimated residual value or the amount of the lessor’s deferred initial direct costs. Therefore, the Group generally uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate for the lease. The Group’s incremental borrowing rate for a lease is the rate of interest it would have to pay on a collateralized basis to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments under similar terms. Because the Group does not generally borrow on a collateralized basis, it uses the interest rate it pays on its noncollateralized borrowings as an input to deriving an appropriate incremental borrowing rate, adjusted for the amount of the lease payments, the lease term, and the effect on that rate of designating specific collateral with a value equal to the unpaid lease payments for that lease.

●

The lease term for all of the Group’s leases includes the noncancellable period of the lease plus any additional periods covered by either a Group option to extend (or not to terminate) the lease that the Group is reasonably certain to exercise, or an option to extend (or not to terminate) the lease controlled by the lessor.

●

Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise the following:

–

Fixed payments, including in-substance fixed payments, owed over the lease term (includes termination penalties the Group would owe if the lease term reflects the Group’s exercise of a termination option);

–

Variable lease payments that depend on an index or rate, initially measured using the index or rate at the lease commencement date;

–

Amounts expected to be payable under a Group-provided residual value guarantee; and

–

The exercise price of a Group option to purchase the underlying asset if the Group is reasonably certain to exercise the option.

The ROU asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for lease payments made at or before the lease commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred less any lease incentives received.

For operating leases, the ROU asset is subsequently measured throughout the lease term at the carrying amount of the lease liability, plus initial direct costs, plus (minus) any prepaid (accrued) lease payments, less the unamortized balance of lease incentives received. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

ROU assets are periodically reduced by impairment losses. The Group uses the long-lived assets impairment guidance in ASC Subtopic 360-10, Property, Plant, and Equipment – Overall, to determine whether an ROU asset is impaired, and if so, the amount of the impairment loss to recognize.

The Group monitors for events or changes in circumstances that require a reassessment of one of its leases. When a reassessment results in the remeasurement of a lease liability, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the corresponding ROU asset unless doing so would reduce the carrying amount of the ROU asset to an amount less than zero. In that case, the amount of the adjustment that would result in a negative ROU asset balance is recorded in profit or loss.

Operating lease ROU assets are presented as operating lease right of use assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The current portion of operating lease liabilities are presented separately on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The Group has elected not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less. The Group recognizes the lease payments associated with its short-term leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Foreign currency translation

The Group has operations in South Korea, Switzerland, and Germany. Accounting records in foreign operations are maintained in local currencies and remeasured to the US dollars during the consolidation. Nonmonetary assets and liabilities are translated at historical rates, and monetary assets and liabilities are translated at exchange rates in effect at the end of the year. Income statement accounts are translated at average rates for the year. Gains or losses from remeasurement of foreign currency financial statements into the US dollars are included in current results of comprehensive income.

Revenue recognition

The Group only has revenue from customers. The Group recognizes revenue when it satisfies performance obligations under the terms of its contracts, and control of its products is transferred to its customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Group expects to receive from its customers in exchange for those products. This process involves identifying the customer contract, determining the performance obligations in the contract, determining the transaction price, allocating the transaction price to the distinct performance obligations in the contract, and recognizing revenue when the performance obligations have been satisfied. A performance obligation is considered distinct from other obligations in a contract when it (a) provides a benefit to the customer either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer and (b) is separately identified in the contract. The Group considers a performance obligation satisfied once it has transferred control of a good or product to a customer, meaning the customer has the ability to direct the use and obtain the benefit of the good or product.

Income taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Group recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Valuation allowances are established when management determines it is more likely than not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. The Group reports income tax-related interest and penalties relating to uncertain tax positions, if applicable, as a component of income tax expense.

Fair value measurements

The Group utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible. The Group determines fair value based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability in the principal or most advantageous market. When considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, the following fair value hierarchy distinguishes between observable and unobservable inputs, which are categorized in one of the following levels:

–

Level 1 inputs: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities accessible to the reporting entity at the measurement date.

–

Level 2 inputs: Other than quoted prices included in Level 1 inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

–

Level 3 inputs: Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at measurement date.

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, inventories, prepaid expenses and other current and financial assets, trade and other payable, short-term borrowing, current operating lease liabilities, and accrued expenses and other current liabilities approximates their fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying amount reported in the condensed consolidated balance sheets for notes payable to related party may differ from fair value since the interest rate is fixed.

Compound Financial Instruments

Compound financial instruments are convertible bonds that can be converted into equity instruments at the option of the holder. The liability component of a compound financial instrument is recognized initially at the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an equity conversion right and subsequently measured at amortized cost until extinguished on conversion or maturity of the bonds. The equity component is recognized initially on the difference between the fair value of the compound financial instrument as a whole and the fair value of the liability component. Any directly attributable transaction costs are allocated to the liability and equity components in proportion to their initial carrying amounts.

Accounting pronouncements adopted as of September 30, 2025

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which provides an exception to fair value measurement for contract assets and contract liabilities related to revenue contracts acquired in a business combination. The ASU requires an entity (acquirer) to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with Topic 606. At the acquisition date, an acquirer should account for the related revenue contracts in accordance with Topic 606 as if it had originated the contracts. The ASU is effective for the Company for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023. The ASU is applied to business combinations occurring on or after the effective date. The Group adopted this ASU as of January 1, 2024 and there is no impact on the Group’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires enhanced disclosure of significant segment expenses on an annual and interim basis. This ASU will be effective for the annual periods beginning the year ended December 31, 2024, and for interim periods beginning January 1, 2025. Early adoption is permitted. Upon adoption, this ASU should be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Group adopted this ASU as of January 1, 2025 and there is not impact on the Group’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Accounting pronouncements issued, but not adopted as of September 30, 2025

In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements – Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative. The ASU modifies the disclosure or presentation requirements of a variety of Topics in the Codification to align with the SEC’s regulations. The ASU also makes those requirements applicable to entities that were not previously subject to the SEC’s requirements. The ASU is effective for the Company two years after the effective date to remove the related disclosure from Regulation S-X or S-K. As of the date these financial statements have been made available for issuance, the SEC has not yet removed any related disclosure. The Group does not expect the adoption of ASU 2023-06 to have a material effect on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which improves the transparency of income tax disclosures by requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the effective tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. It also includes certain other amendments to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures. This ASU will be effective for the annual periods beginning the year ended December 31, 2026. Early adoption is permitted. Upon adoption, this ASU can be applied prospectively or retrospectively. The Group is currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on the Group's consolidated financial statements.

(3)

Critical accounting estimates and assumptions

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements requires the Group to make estimates and assumptions concerning the future. Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The resulting accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom equal the related actual results. The estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are discussed below.

Income taxes

The Group’s taxable income generated from these operations are subject to income taxes based on tax laws and interpretations of tax authorities in numerous jurisdictions. There are many transactions and calculations during the ordinary course of business for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain.

Deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences and the losses can be utilized. Significant management judgement is required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognized, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits, together with future tax planning strategies

Business combinations

Business combinations are initially accounted for on a provisional basis. The fair value of assets acquired, liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed are initially estimated by the Parent taking into consideration all available information at the reporting date. Fair value adjustments on the finalization of the business combination accounting is retrospective, where applicable, to the period the combination occurred and may have an impact on the assets and liabilities, depreciation and amortization reported.

Patent technology

Patent technology is recognized in Intangible assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Group considers both qualitative and quantitative factors when determining whether the patent technology may be impaired. For the purposes of assessing impairment, the Group follows its accounting policy disclosed in Note 2. In assessing whether there is any indication that the patent technology may be impaired, the Group considers, at minimum, the following indications:

External sources of information

●

there are observable indications that the patent technology’s value has declined during the period significantly more than would be expected as a result of the passage of time or normal use.

●

significant changes with an adverse effect on the Group have taken place during the period, or will take place in the near future, in the technological, market, economic or legal environment in which the entity operates or in the market to which an asset is dedicated.

●

market interest rates or other market rates of return on investments have increased during the period, and those increases are likely to affect the discount rate used in calculating an asset’s value in use and decrease the asset’s recoverable amount materially.

●

the carrying amount of the net assets of the entity is more than its market capitalization.

Internal sources of information

●

evidence is available of obsolescence or physical damage of the patent technology.

●

significant changes with an adverse effect on the entity have taken place during the period, or are expected to take place in the near future, in the extent to which, or manner in which, the patent technology is used or is expected to be used. These changes include the patent technology becoming idle, plans to discontinue or restructure the operation to which the patent technology belongs, and plans to dispose of the patent technology before the previously expected date.

●

evidence is available from internal reporting that indicates that the economic performance of the patent technology is, or will be, worse than expected.

(4)

Financial risk management

The Group is exposed to various financial risks such as market risk (exchange risk, interest rate risk), credit risk and liquidity risk due to various activities. The Group's overall risk management policy focuses on volatility in the financial markets and focuses on minimizing any negative impact on financial performance. Risk management is conducted under the supervision of the finance department according to the policy approved by the Board of Directors. The finance department identifies, evaluates and manages financial risks in close cooperation with the sales departments. The Board of Directors provides written policies on overall risk management principles and specific areas such as foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk, credit risk, use of derivative and non-derivative financial instruments, and investments in excess of liquidity.

Market risk management

Market risk is the risk of possible losses which arise from the changes of market factors, such as interest rate, stock price, foreign exchange rate, commodity value and other market factors related to the fair value or future cash flows of the financial instruments, such as securities, derivatives and others.

Currency risk

The functional currency of the foreign subsidiary’s operations is the local currency. Therefore, for purposes of the condensed consolidated financial statements, the results of foreign operations are translated from the local currency into U.S. dollars. Local currency assets and liabilities are translated at the rates of exchange on the balance sheet date, and local currency revenues and expenses are translated at average rates of exchange during the period. Resulting translation gains or losses are included in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss.

Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk refers to the risk that interest income and interest expenses arising from deposits or borrowings will fluctuate due to changes in market interest rates in the future, which mainly arises from deposits and borrowings with floating interest rates. The goal of interest rate risk management is to maximize corporate value by minimizing uncertainty caused by interest rate fluctuations.

As of the end of the reporting period, there are no financial instruments subject to a variable interest rate.

Price risk

Price risk is the risk that the fair value of a financial instrument or future cash flows will change due to changes in market prices other than interest rate or foreign exchange rate. As of the end of the reporting period, the Group is not exposed to commodity price risk. Investments in financial instruments are made on a non-recurring basis according to management's judgment.

Credit risk management

Credit risk is the risk of possible losses in an asset portfolio in the events of counterparty’s default, breach of contract and deterioration in the credit quality of the counterparty. For the risk management reporting purposes, the Group manages the credit risk systematically and pursues value maximization and continuous growth of the Group by efficient resource allocation and monitoring non-performing loans. In order to reduce the risks that may occur in transactions with financial institutions, such as cash and cash equivalents and various deposits, the Group conducts transactions only with financial institutions with high creditworthiness. As of September 30, 2025, the Group believes that there are low signs of material default, and the maximum exposure to credit risk as of September 30, 2025 is equal to the book value of financial instruments (excluding cash).

Liquidity risk management

The Group constantly monitors its liquidity positions to ensure that no borrowing limits or commitments are breached to meet operating capital needs. In estimating liquidity, we also take into account external laws or legal requirements, such as the group's financing plan, compliance with agreements, internal target financial ratios and currency restrictions.

The Group's liquidity risk analysis details as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows:

	September 30, 2025
					Remaining maturity
	Book Value		Cashflow by contract		Within a year		1 year to 3 years		More than 3 years
Financial liabilities	$	5,030,633	$	5,075,737	$	5,075,737	$	-	$	-
Other Payables		8,640,928		9,269,662		8,973,623		296,038		-
Lease liabilities		50,371		68,464		48,139		20,325		-
Total	$	13,721,931	$	14,413,863	$	14,097,499	$	316,363	$	-

	December 31, 2024
					Remaining maturity
	Book Value		Cashflow by contract		Within a year		1 year to 3 years		More than 3 years
Borrowings	$	2,297,411	$	2,423,008	$	1,840,406	$	35,048	$	547,555
Other Payables		1,538,643		1,538,643		1,538,643		-		-
Lease liabilities		80,848		93,537		48,980		44,558		-
Total	$	3,916,903	$	4,055,188	$	3,428,028	$	79,605	$	547,555

Capital risk management

Capital includes issued capital, share premium and all other equity reserves attributable to the equity holders of the Group. The primary objective of the Group’s capital management is to maximize the shareholder value.

The Group manages its capital structure and makes adjustments in light of changes in economic conditions and the requirements of the financial covenants. To maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Group may adjust the dividend payment to shareholders, return capital to shareholders or issue new shares. The Group uses the debt ratio as a capital management indicator. This ratio is calculated by dividing total liabilities by total equity, and total liabilities and total equity are calculated based on the amounts in the Group’s consolidated financial statements.

The group's debt ratio as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows:

	September 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
Net borrowings (A)
Borrowings	$	5,030,633		$	2,297,411
Lease liabilities		50,371			78,113
Less: cash and cash equivalents		(2,177,309	)		(341,543	)
		2,903,694			2,033,981
Total equity (B)		134,157,845			143,208,215
Debt ratio (A / B)		2.2	%		1.4	%

(5)

Fair value measurements

Book value and fair value of financial instruments

The difference between the carrying amount and fair value of the Group's financial assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are insignificant.

Fair value hierarchy

All financial assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

●

Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

●

Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable

●

Level 3 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable

Fair values of the Group’s financial assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, which are accounted as amortized cost, are categorized as Level 3.

Recurring transfer between levels of the fair value hierarchy

Fair value hierarchy classifications of the financial instruments that are measured at fair value level 3 as at September 30, 2025 is as follows(Null for December 31, 2024):

	September 30, 2025
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Recurring fair value measurements Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss	$	-	$	-	$	700,777	$	700,777

Valuation Techniques and the Inputs

Valuation techniques and inputs used in the recurring and non-recurring fair value measurements categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as at September 30, 2025 is as follows:(Null for December 31, 2024):

The Group did not change any valuation techniques in determining the fair value, which is categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

September 30, 2025

Fair Value

Level

Valuation
Techniques

Inputs

Financial liabilities at fair value

Tsiveriotis-

through profit or loss

630,603

Fernandes model

Stock Volatility, Risk-free rate

(6)

Financial instruments by category

The carrying value of financial instruments category as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows:

	September 30, 2025
Financial assets:	Financial assets at amortized cost		Financial liabilities at fair value		Financial liabilities at amortized cost		Total
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,177,309	$	-	$	-	$	2,177,309
Trade and other receivables		533,929		-		-		533,929
Other current financial assets		57,053		-		-		57,053
Other non-current financial assets		170,963		-		-		170,963
Fianancial liabilities:
Trade and other payables		-		-		7,663,482		7,663,482
Accrued expenses		-		-		977,446		977,446
Current financial liabilities		-		-		4,329,856		4,329,856
Derivative liabilities		-		700,777		-		700,777

	December 31, 2024
Financial assets:	Financial assets at amortized cost		Financial liabilities at fair value		Financial liabilities at amortized cost		Total
Cash and cash equivalents	$	341,543	$	-	$	-	$	341,543
Trade and other receivables		933,824		-		-		933,824
Other current financial assets		54,422		-		-		54,422
Other non-current financial assets		329,252		-		-		329,252
Fianancial liabilities:
Trade and other payables		-		-		1,078,760		1,078,760
Accrued expenses		-		-		459,883		459,883
Borrowings		-		-		2,297,411		2,297,411

Net gains or losses by financial instrument category for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

	For the nine months ended September 30, 2025			For the nine months ended September 30, 2024
Amortized cost:
Interest income	$	47,364		$	11,448
Foreign exchange gains		25,941			32,948
Gains on foreign currency translation		125,410			54,256
Interest expense		(97,194	)		(24,729	)
Losses on foreign currency transaction		(47,356	)		(42,442	)
Losses on foreign currency translation		(56,949	)		(54,323	)

Financial assets measured at fair value through profit and loss:
Gains on change in fair value of financial liabilities		24,200			-
Losses on change in fair value of financial liabilities		(518,686	)		-

(7)

Cash and cash equivalents

The Group considers all money market funds and highly liquid financial instruments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

		September 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
Cash and cash equivalents		$	2,177,309			$	341,543

(8)

Trade and other receivables, net

All trade receivables are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. Amounts collected on trade receivables are included in net cash provided by operating activities in the statements of cash flows. The Group does not have any off-balance sheet credit exposure related to its customers.

	September 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
Trade receivables	$	554,352		$	972,036
Less: Allowance for credit losses		(65,171	)		(67,580	)
Net trade receivables		489,181			904,456
Other receivables		44,748			29,368
Total	$	533,929		$	933,824

(9)

Inventories, net

Inventories consisted of the following as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

	September 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
Merchandised goods	$	205,089		$	949,724
Less inventory reserves		(19,994	)		(27,617	)
	$	185,095		$	922,107

(10)	Other financial assets

Details of other financial assets as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows:

	September 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
	Current		Non-current		Current		Non-current
Leasehold guarantee deposits	$	57,053	$	23,485	$	54,422	$	21,669
Other deposits		-		1,498		-		1,088
Loan		-		145,980		-		306,494
Total	$	57,053	$	170,963	$	54,422	$	329,252

(11)

Other assets

Details of other assets as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows:

	September 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
	Current		Non-current		Current		Non-current
Prepayments	$	94,269	$	-	$	53,908	$	-
Prepaid expenses		156,557		-		20,646		-
Total	$	250,825	$	-	$	74,555	$	-

(12)

Equity method investment

Details of investment under the equity method are as follows:

			September 30, 2025					December 31, 2024
	Location	Main business	Ownership			Book value		Ownership			Book value
Taction Co., LTD	Korea	Software development		33.3	%	$	-		33.3	%	$	-

The summarized financial information of investment under the equity method as of the closing date and for the current period is as follows:

	As of and for the year ended December 31,2024
										Comprehensive
	Assets		Liabilities		Revenue		Net loss			loss
Taction Co., LTD	$	97,936	$	32,785	$	-	$	(74,740	)	$	(74,740	)

There is no equity method valuation applied on investments in associate for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 or 2024.

Taction Co., Ltd. was incorporated to engage in software development and IT consulting. As no practical plan to generate revenue and maintain going-concern basis in the foreseeable future was provided, the Parent recognized impairment loss amounting to acquisition cost.

(13)

Equipment and vehicles, net

Equipment and vehicles consist as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

	September 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
Office equipment	$	35,957		$	26,912
Tools and instruments		23,784			22,687
Machinery and equipment		23,327			22,251
Facilities		206,906			210,613
Vehicles		9,828			9,375
Construction in progress		89,859			-
		389,661			291,838
Less accumulated depreciation		(291,552	)		(289,504	)
Equipment and vehicles, net	$	98,109		$	2,334

(14)

Goodwill

Changes of goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

	For the nine months ended September 30, 2025
	Beginning		Business combination		Impairment loss		Effects of changes in exchange rate		Ending
Goodwill	$	24,354,066	$	-	$	-	$	1,177,582	$	25,531,648

	For the nine months ended September 30, 2024
	Beginning		Business combination		Impairment loss		Effects of changes in exchange rate			Ending
Goodwill	$	27,765,222	$	-	$	-	$	(1,183,341	)	$	26,581,881

(15)

Intangible assets, net

The acquired intangible assets, all of which are being amortized, have an average useful life of approximately 20 years. Intangible assets consist of the following as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

	As of September 30, 2025
	Average useful life	Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying amount
Technology license	20 years	$	102,558	$	82,878	$	19,680
Customer relationship	20 years		607,108		333,910		273,199
Patent technology	20 years		172,783,518		24,923,477		147,860,041
		$	173,493,185	$	25,340,265	$	148,152,920

	As of December 31, 2024
	Average useful life	Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying amount
Technology license	20 years	$	97,828	$	78,439	$	19,389
Customer relationship	20 years		579,107		231,643		347,464
Patent technology	20 years		164,814,319		17,124,320		147,690,000
		$	165,491,254	$	17,434,402	$	148,056,852

Accumulated amortization expense for intangible assets is $7,010,647 and $8,488,493 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

(16)

Short-term borrowings

The Group has a loan agreement with BCM Europe AG and as of September 30, 2025, the outstanding balance was $860,000 (3.00% interest rate at September 30, 2025), which matures in 2025.

The Group has multiple loan agreements with individuals and as of September 30, 2025, the outstanding balance was $999,897 (0% interest rate at September 30, 2025), which mature various dates in 2025.

The Group has a loan agreement with Duksung Co.,Ltd and as of September 30, 2025, the outstanding balance was $800,000 (5.00% interest rate at September 30, 2025), which matures in October 2025. Refer to Note 25 Subsequent events for more details.

The Group has a loan agreement with BGLSI and as of September 30, 2025, the outstanding balance was $1,278,000 (0% interest rate at September 30, 2025), which matures in 2025.

The Group has multiple loan agreements with an individual and as of September 30, 2025, the outstanding balance was $135,000 (0% interest rate at September 30, 2025), which mature various dates in 2025.

The Group has a convertible note agreement with White Lion Capital and as of September 30, 2025, the outstanding balance was $256,959 (5.00% interest rate at September 30, 2025), which mature various dates in 2026.

The Group has a loan agreement with BCM Europe AG and as of December 31, 2024, the outstanding balance was $600,000 (3.00% interest rate at December 31, 2024).

The Group has a loan agreement with BCM Europe AG and as of December 31, 2024, the outstanding balance was $260,000 (3.00% interest rate at December 31, 2024).

The Group has a loan agreement with OSR Holdings, Inc. (f/k/a Bellevue Life Sciences Acquisition Corp.) and as of December 31, 2024, the outstanding balance was $300,000 (3.96% interest rate at December 31, 2024), which matures in October 2025.

The Group has a loan agreement with an individual and as of December 31, 2024, the outstanding balance was $50,000 (7.00% interest rate at December 31, 2024), which matures in December 2025.

The Group has multiple loan agreements with an individual and as of December 31, 2024, the outstanding balance was $408,163 (0% interest rate at December 31, 2024), which mature various dates in 2025.

Details of convertible bonds issued on May 6, 2025 and outstanding as of September 30, 2025 are as follows:

Classification		Details
Par value		USD 1,110,000
Stated interest rate		5%
Guaranteed yield upon conversion		-
Exercise price adjustments		Issuance of new shares for consideration (paid-in capital increase), stock dividends and capitalization of reserves, mergers, capital reduction, stock split and consolidation, reduction of capital and stock consolidation, etc.
Conversion condition		Variable Conversion Price. At any time, and from time to time, the Holder may utilize the Variable Conversion Price for conversions of this Note into Common Stock. The Variable Conversion Price shall be a rate per share equal to 95% multiplied by the Market Price (as defined herein) (representing a discount rate of 5%) (the “Variable Conversion Price”). “Market Price” means the lowest daily VWAP of the Common Stock during the fifteen (15) Trading Day period ending on the latest complete Trading Day prior to the Conversion Date. “Trading Price” means the lowest volume-weighted average daily price as reported on the principal securities exchange or trading market where such security is quoted, listed or traded or, if no trading price of such security is available in any of the foregoing manners, the average of the trading prices of any market makers for such security that are listed in the “pink sheets” by the National Quotation Bureau, Inc. “Trading Day” shall mean any day on which the Common Stock is tradable for any period on the NASDAQ stock market or on the principal securities exchange or other securities market on which the Common Stock is then being quoted or traded.

The conversion right on the above convertible bonds is classified as other financial liabilities.

(17)

Long-term debt

The Group has long-term debt agreements with individuals and as of December 31, 2024, the total outstanding balance was $497,615 (4.6% interest rate at December 31, 2024), which matures in 2030.

(18)

Post-employment benefits

The Group maintains a defined contribution retirement benefit plan for its employees. The Group is obligated to pay fixed contributions to an independent fund, and the amount of future retirement benefits to be paid to employees is determined by the contributions made to the fund, etc., and the investment income generated from those contributions. Plan assets are managed independently from the Group's assets in a fund managed by a trustee.

Danatein’s pension plan has converted from the DB type to the DC type at the end of March 31, 2017, and is obligated to pay severance payment as DB type which incurred before the March 31, 2017.

Meanwhile, expenses recognized by the Group in relation to the defined contribution retirement benefit plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 are $401,449 and $93,458, respectively.

(19)

Related party transactions

As of September 30, 2025, the Group's related parties are as follows:

Type		Related parties
Ultimate parent entity		Bellevue Capital Management LLC
Major shareholder of the Parent		BCM Europe AG
Subsidiaries		RMC, VAXIMM, Darnatein, OSR Holdings Co., Ltd.
Associates		Taction Co., Ltd.
Other related parties		Bellevue Global Life Sciences Investors LLC
		Bellevue Global Life Sciences Acquisition Corp

There are no sales and procurement transactions and treasury transactions with related parties for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

Details of receivables and payables from related party transactions as at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows:

	September 30, 2025
	Related parties		Short-term borrowings
BCM Europe AG	Major shareholder of the Parent	$	860,000
Bellevue Global Life Sciences Acquisition Corp	Other related parties		1,278,000

	December 31, 2024
	Related parties		Short-term borrowings
Key management	Individuals	$	340,136

Compensations paid or accrued to key management of the Parent for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

	For the nine months ended
	September 30, 2025		September 30, 2024
Salaries	$	461,498	$	283,050

The Group’s key management includes registered directors who have important authority and responsibility for planning, operation, and control of the Group’s business activities.

No collateral or guarantee were provided for related parties and were received from related parties as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

(20)

Administrative expenses

Details of administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

	For the nine months ended September 30, 2025			For the nine months ended September 30, 2024
Salary	$	1,177,435		$	693,447
Retirement payment		401,338			93,458
Employee benefits		75,171			42,336
Travel expenses		31,655			31,020
Entertainment expenses		31,313			25,152
Communication cost		1,446			1,767
Tax and due		27,555			17,061
Depreciation cost		894			47,849
Amortization of intangible assets		7,010,647			8,488,493
Rental cost		75,423			74,728
Repair fee		3,386			141
Insurance cost		13,598			25,920
Vehicle maintenance fee		26,447			8,874
Allowance for expected credit losses		(5,634	)		26,322
Research and development expenses		141,880			146,679
Transportation cost		1,518			2,150
Training cost		1,223			-
Publishing fee		717			310
Office supplies fee		161			234
Consumable cost		10,260			18,221
Commisions and professional fee		3,373,415			969,879
Building management fee		13,822			15,398
Advertising expenses		-			954
Total	$	12,413,670		$	10,730,393

(21)

Income taxes

In assessing the reliability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based upon these considerations as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had a full valuation allowance for the net deferred tax assets on one of its Asian subsidiaries and certain of its European subsidiaries. Also, as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had a partial valuation allowance offsetting certain deferred tax assets of another one of its Asian subsidiaries. Management believes that it is more likely than not that the Company will realize the benefits of the remaining deductible differences, net of valuation allowances, at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

The Company did not have any material uncertain tax positions, which should be recognized in the condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2025. In addition, the Company did not have any unrecognized tax benefits, which, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate for the nine months then ended.

(22) Loss per share

Basic loss per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 are calculated as follows:

(The United States Dollar in unit and number of shares)	For the nine months ended September 30
	2025			2024
Net loss (A)	$	(13,187,995	)	$	(8,989,387	)
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding (B)		17,375,710			2,155,000
Basic loss per ordinary share (A/B)	$	(0.76	)	$	(4.17	)

Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 are calculated as follows:

(Number of shares)	For the nine months ended September 30
	2025		2024
Ordinary shares outstanding at the beginning		2,155,000		2,155,000
Changes due to business combination		14,362,392		-
Commitment shares issued for White Lion Capital		201,703		-
Shares issued due to ELOC		195,156		-
Shares issued due to Convertible note conversion		232,402		-
Shares issued due to Warrant conversion		229,057		-
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding		17,375,710		2,155,000

Diluted loss per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 are calculated as follows:

(The United States Dollar in unit and number of shares)	For the nine months ended September 30
	2025			2024
Net loss (A)	$	(13,175,055	)	$	(8,989,387	)
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding (B)		23,118,372			2,155,000
Diluted loss per ordinary share (A/B)	$	(0.57	)	$	(4.17	)

Weighted average number of ordinary shares including diluted effects outstanding for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 are calculated as follows:

(Number of shares)	For the nine months ended September 30
	2025		2024
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding beginning		17,375,710		2,155,000
Diluted effect) Convertible bonds conversion effect		403,807		-
Diluted effect) Warrant conversion effect		5,338,855		-
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding		23,118,372		2,155,000

(23) Commitment and contingencies

The Group has no pending litigation cases arising in the ordinary course of business as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The Parent has entered into various contractual commitments related to the acquisition of VAXIMM including a future financial obligation of CHF 7,416 underlying as of September 30, 2025. Meanwhile, both parties have agreed to remove section 6.1.3 of the license agreement that states that in the event of the Parent’s sale to a third party, the Licensor shall reimburse the Licensee for reasonable costs and expenses incurred in the preparation, submission, maintenance, prosecution, and enforcement process.

(24) Segment reporting

The Group operates in one operating segment. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources and assessing performance. The Group’s CODM role is fulfilled by the Executive Leadership Team, who allocates resources and assesses performance based upon consolidated financial information. The geographic segments for the long-lived assets and ROU assets are disclosed below.

There are no external customers that account for more than 10% of sales for the reporting period.

(25) Subsequent events

The Group has evaluated subsequent events from the balance sheet date through November 3, 2025, the date at which the condensed consolidated financial statements were available to be issued and determined that there are no other items to disclose, except the following:

●

In October, the Group issued total of 2,001,571 shares under the warrants, to raise gross proceeds of $900,707.

●

In October, the Board of Directors of the Group approved the acquisition of Woori IO Co.,Ltd through a comprehensive share exchange with OSR Holdings Co., Ltd.

●

In October, the Company’s convertible loan from Duksung Co.,Ltd totaling $800,000 reached its maturity. The Company repaid $150,000 plus 5% accrued interest and the remaining balance of $650,000 was extended till October 15, 2026, with an interest rate of 7%.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

References in this report (the “Quarterly Report”) to “we,” “us” or the “Company” refer to OSR Holdings, Inc. References to our “management” or our “management team” refer to our officers and directors. The following discussion and analysis of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes thereto contained elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. Certain information contained in the discussion and analysis set forth below includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties.

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events. These forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “continue,” or the negative of such terms or other similar expressions. Factors that might cause or contribute to such a discrepancy include, but are not limited to, those described in our other filings made with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

Recent Developments

Nasdaq Minimum Bid Price Deficiency Notice

On September 5, 2025, the Company received a notification from The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) stating that the Company was not in compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) after the closing bid price fell below USD 1.00 per share for 30 consecutive business days. The Company has been provided a grace period until March 4, 2026 to regain compliance by maintaining a closing bid price of at least USD 1.00 for ten consecutive business days.

Management is actively monitoring the Company’s share price performance and evaluating various available options to regain compliance within the applicable period, which may include corporate or capital structure adjustments, enhanced investor communications, and other strategic measures as appropriate. The Company intends to take all necessary actions to maintain its continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market.

Annual General Meeting and Board Changes

As previously reported in the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on August 29, 2025 and Form 8-K filed on September 18, 2025, the Company held its annual meeting of stockholders on September 17, 2025 (the “Annual Meeting”). As of the record date of August 15, 2025, there were 21,585,360 shares of common stock outstanding and entitled to vote. A total of 13,325,691 shares (approximately 61.7% of the outstanding shares) were present in person or by proxy, constituting a quorum.

At the Annual Meeting, stockholders approved all proposals described in the Definitive Proxy Statement, including the following: (i) Director Proposal, (ii) Executive Compensation Proposal, (iii) Equity Incentive Plan Proposal, and (iv) Proposal to Exceed 20% Common Share Issuance Pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(d). No other matters were submitted for stockholder vote, and each of the four proposals was approved by the stockholders. As a result, the Board underwent the following changes: Reto Fierz was appointed as an Independent Director, and Jin Whan Park and Phil Geon Lee were removed.

The Board committees have been reconstituted as follows: Audit Committee - Reto Fierz and Hyuk Joo Jee, Compensation Committee - Seng Chin Mah, Alcide Barberis and Hyuk Joo Jee, Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee - Seng Chin Mah and Alcide Barberis and Joong Myung Cho. These changes reflect the Company’s ongoing commitment to strengthening corporate governance and enhancing strategic oversight.

Definitive Agreement to Acquire Woori IO Co., Ltd.

On October 14, 2025, the Company announced that its wholly owned Korean subsidiary, OSR Holdings Co., Ltd. (“OSRK”), entered into a definitive share exchange agreement with Woori IO Co., Ltd. (“WORIO”), a Korean medical-device company specializing in noninvasive glucose monitoring and biosensing technologies. Under the agreement, WORIO will become a wholly owned subsidiary of OSRK. WORIO shareholders will receive newly issued OSRK shares worth KRW15bn (~$10.5m) in exchange for WORIO shares. If, within 3 years of the share exchange, OSRH reaches at least $10 per share, OSRK shares may be converted into OSRH common stock at a ratio of 12.96:1 or approximately 1.09 million new shares. Following the acquisition, WORIO will leverage OSRH's governance, global partnerships and clinical development resources to accelerate product development, enhance supply readiness, and boost commercialization speed and efficiency The following tables present OSR Holdings’ statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2025, and percentage change between the two periods:

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2025

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2025			Change $		Change %
Net Sales:		822,996			627,747			-195,249		-24	%
Cost of Sales		643,903			366,014			-277,889		-43	%
Gross Profit		179,093			261,734			82,641		46	%
Expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses		3,745,635			4,065,199			319,564		9	%
Operating loss		(3,566,542	)		(3,803,465	)		-236,923		7	%
Other income (expense)		70,448			(686,361	)		-756,809		-1,074	%
Profit (loss) before income taxes		(3,496,094	)		(4,489,826	)		-993,732		28	%

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2025			Change $		Change %
Net Sales:		2,615,051			2,524,536			-90,515		-3	%
Cost of Sales		1,963,835			2,061,335			97,500		5	%
Gross Profit		651,215			463,201			-188,014		-29	%
Expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses		10,730,393			12,413,670			1,683,277		16	%
Operating loss		(10,079,178	)		(11,950,469	)		-1,871,291		19	%
Other income (expense)		(23,392	)		(9,157,369	)		-9,133,977		39,047	%
Profit (loss) before income taxes		(10,102,570	)		(21,107,838	)		-11,005,268		109	%

Net Sales, Cost of Sales, Gross Profit

OSR Holdings’ net sales, cost of sales, and gross profit are primarily derived from RMC, its subsidiary engaged in the distribution of medical devices.

For the three months ended September 30, 2025, RMC’s net sales decreased by $195,249, or 24%, compared to the same period in the prior year. However, cost of sales decreased by $277,889, or 43%, resulting in an increase in gross profit of $82,641, or 46%.

This improvement in profitability was driven by a change in RMC’s contractual arrangement with one of its major suppliers. Specifically, RMC transitioned from a traditional purchase-and-resale model to a consignment-based arrangement under which only commission revenue is recognized. Although the new contract was executed in April, the change began to affect revenue recognition starting in July. Management expects this consignment-based model to enhance gross-margin stability in future periods.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, RMC’s net sales decreased by $90,515, or 3%, while cost of sales increased by $97,500, or 5%, compared to the same period in the prior year. As a result, gross profit decreased by $188,014, or 29%. The decline in gross profit for the nine-month period was primarily due to the impact of the second quarter, during which RMC sold previously held inventory back to the supplier at cost as part of the transition to the new consignment-based model. This transaction temporarily depressed gross margin in the second quarter, offsetting the margin improvement realized in the third quarter. The margin decline in the second quarter was a one-time event.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

For the three months ended September 30, 2025, OSR Holdings’ selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses increased by $319,564, or 9%, compared to the same period in the prior year.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, OSR Holdings’ selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses increased by $1,683,277, or 16%, compared to the same period in the prior year.

Following the completion of the Business Combination on February 14, 2025, various costs associated with fulfilling public company obligations began to rise. The increase was primarily attributable to higher personnel-related expenses, including salaries, severance payments, employee benefits, bonuses, and travel costs. Additional SG&A expenses included amortization of intangible assets, research and development expenses, and professional service fees such as legal, audit, investor relations, and press release costs, as well as non-income taxes, insurance premiums, and employee recruiting and training expenses. The most significant drivers of the increase were personnel-related costs and professional service fees.

Research and Development (R&D) Expenses

OSR Holding’s R&D expenses consisted primarily of development costs associated with our product candidates in pre-clinical and clinical trials, and related costs of salaries and contractors. R&D costs are expensed as incurred. OSR Holdings expects to incur and report R&D related expenses mainly from its subsidiaries actively engaged in R&D at an estimated amount of $2.5 million to $3.0 million per quarter beginning in 2026, which could potentially increase to $5.0 million to $6.0 million per quarter.

Operating Loss

For the three months ended September 30, 2025, OSR Holdings’ operating loss increased by $236,923, or 7%, compared to the same period in the prior year.

On a year-to-date basis, operating loss increased by $1,871,291, or 19%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

As discussed in the section titled “Selling, General and Administrative Expenses,” this increase was primarily due to the rise in SG&A expenses beginning in the second quarter of 2025 following the completion of the Business Combination on February 14, 2025.

Other Income (Expense)

OSR Holdings’ other income (expense) consists of interest income, interest expense, foreign exchange-related gains and losses, and other non-operating items.

For the three months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recorded net other expenses of $686,361, representing an increase of $756,809 compared to the same period in the prior year. The primary drivers of this increase were the loss on change in fair value of financial liabilities and higher interest expense.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, net other expenses increased significantly to $9,157,369 from $23,392 in the prior-year period, an increase of $9,133,977. This substantial increase was primarily due to the one-time recognition of approximately $8.5 million in merger-related expenses incurred in connection with the Business Combination completed on February 14, 2025.

Loss Before Income Taxes

For the three months ended September 30, 2025, OSR Holdings’ loss before income taxes increased by $993,732, or 28%, compared to the same period in the prior year. As previously discussed, this increase was primarily attributable to higher expenses incurred following the completion of the Business Combination on February 14, 2025.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, loss before income taxes increased by $11,005,268, or 109%, compared to the same period in the prior year. This increase was primarily due to the one-time recognition of approximately $8.5 million in merger-related expenses incurred in connection with the Business Combination completed on February 14, 2025.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Since its inception through September 30, 2025, OSR Holdings has incurred significant operating losses and negative cash flows from operating activities. The Company recorded an operating loss of approximately $10.08 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, and approximately $11.95 million for the same period in 2025. As of September 30, 2025, OSR Holdings had an accumulated deficit of approximately $32.33 million.

To date, OSR Holdings has funded its operations primarily through the issuance of common stock and convertible bonds, bank borrowings, loans from affiliates, and, to a lesser extent, product revenue generated by its subsidiary, RMC. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $2.18 million, consisting primarily of bank deposits.

The Company incurred significant expenses in connection with the business combination and the filing of its Form S-4 registration statement, which, together with other general expenses, reduced the funds available for operations and created an urgent need for additional capital. In response, in February 2025, OSR Holdings entered into an equity line of credit (“ELOC”) agreement with an investor, providing for up to $80 million in potential capital. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had issued a total of 767,500 shares under the ELOC, raising gross proceeds of $741,937. In addition, the Company has executed or is exploring various financing initiatives through the issuance of warrants and notes.

OSR Holdings expects to continue utilizing the ELOC and other available financing instruments to secure additional capital for its ongoing operations.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no obligations, assets or liabilities which would be considered off-balance sheet arrangements as of September 30, 2025. We do not participate in transactions that create relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, often referred to as variable interest entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements. We have not entered into any off-balance sheet financing arrangements, established any special purpose entities, guaranteed any debt or commitments of other entities, or purchased any non-financial assets.

Contractual Obligations

We do not have any long-term debt, capital lease obligations, operating lease obligations, purchase obligations or long-term liabilities, other than an agreement to pay an affiliate of Bellevue Capital Management, LLC (“BCM”) a monthly fee of $7,500, for office space, utilities and secretarial and administrative support. We began incurring these fees on March 1, 2023, and they continue following the consummation of our business combination in February 2025.

Chardan Capital Markets, LLC (“Chardan”) is entitled to a deferred underwriting commission of $2,070,000, payable as of September 30, 2025. In addition, we incurred deferred legal fees of approximately $1.25 million that were payable upon consummation of our initial business combination.

The holders of the founder shares, equity participation shares, placement units, and units that may be issued upon conversion of working capital loans (and in each case holders of their component securities, as applicable) are entitled to registration rights pursuant to the registration rights agreement. These holders are entitled to make up to two demands, excluding short form registration demands, that we register such securities for sale under the Securities Act. In addition, these holders will have “piggyback” registration rights to include their securities in other registration statements filed by us. We will bear the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any such registration statements. Chardan may not exercise its demand and “piggyback” registration rights after five and seven years, respectively, after the date of our prospectus issued in connection with our IPO and may not exercise its demand rights on more than one occasion.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and income and expenses during the periods reported. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates. We have not identified any critical accounting estimates.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are a smaller reporting company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information otherwise required under this item.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

As required by Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act, our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2025.

In our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2025, management concluded that the material weaknesses previously identified in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, had been remediated and that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of that date. During the third quarter of 2025, management continued to monitor and test the operation of these controls and procedures and did not identify any new material weaknesses. Based on this evaluation, our management concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2025.

We believe, however, that a controls system, no matter how well designed and operated, cannot provide absolute assurance that the objectives of the controls systems are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud or error, if any, within a company have been detected.

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We may from time to time become subject to a range of actual or potential claims, lawsuits and other legal and administrative proceedings (including those described below) that may arise in the ordinary course of business. Some of these claims, lawsuits and other proceedings may range in complexity and result in substantial uncertainty; it is possible that they may result in damages, fines, penalties, non-monetary sanctions, or relief.

In March and May of 2025, Company Management became aware of a civil action filed against the Company by Benjamin Securities, Inc., in Supreme Court, New York County, seeking $425,000.00 in brokerage fees and costs that the plaintiff alleges are due and owing. As of September 30, 2025, the matter remains pending.

On September 2, 2025, Chardan Capital Markets, LLC filed a complaint (the “Complaint”) in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against the Company and Kuk Hyoun Hwang (Chardan Capital Markets, LLC v. OSR Holdings, Inc. et al., No. 1:25-cv-07285-SHS). The Complaint asserts claims for breach of contract and related causes of action. The case has been assigned to Judge Sidney H. Stein, with Magistrate Judge Robert W. Lehrburger designated to handle matters that may be referred in this action.

Service of process was waived on September 5, 2025, and an answer to the Complaint was filed on November 4, 2025. On October 6, 2025, the Court entered a Civil Case Management Plan and Scheduling Order setting discovery deadlines and scheduling a status conference for January 8, 2026, before Judge Stein. The matter is currently in the early discovery stages.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the risk factors set forth below and the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed under Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the SEC on April 22, 2025 (or “2024 Annual Report”), and in the other reports we file with the SEC before making a decision to invest in our securities. These factors could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and capital position, and could cause our actual results to differ materially from our historical results or the results contemplated by the forward-looking statements contained in this report or we could face liquidation. In that event, the trading price of our securities could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. The risks and uncertainties described in our 2024 Annual Report and below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of, or that we currently believe are not material, may also become important factors that adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results. Except as disclosed below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors described in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” included in our 2024 Annual Report.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Pursuant to the terms of an Equity Line of Credit Agreement comprising a Common Stock Purchase Agreement and a Registration Rights Agreement (taken together, the “ELOC Agreement”) as amended May 6, 2025, the Company may elect, in our sole discretion, to issue and sell to by White Lion Capital LLC dba White Lion GBM Innovation Fund (“White Lion”), from time to time, up to $78.9 million worth of shares of Common Stock from after the effective date of a related registration statement until the earlier of December 31, 2026 or the sale of all of such shares to White Lion. Any terms in initial capitals and not otherwise defined herein shall be as defined in the amended Common Stock Purchase Agreement and/or the Registration Rights Agreement.

Pursuant to the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, following the effective date of the resale registration statement registering the shares issuable to White Lion in accordance with the terms of the Registration Rights Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to require White Lion to purchase, from time to time, up to the lesser of (i) $78,900,000 in aggregate gross purchase price of newly issued shares of Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share and (ii) 3,853,467 shares of Common Stock (the “Exchange Cap”), in each case, subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth in the Common Stock Purchase Agreement.

The number of shares of Common Stock that the Company may require White Lion to purchase in any single sales notice will depend on a number of factors, including the relevant calculated purchase price and type of purchase notice that the Company delivers to White Lion. For example: (1) if the Company were to deliver a Rapid Purchase Notice, the Company can require White Lion to purchase a number of shares equal to $2,000,000 divided by the average of the three (3) lowest traded prices of the Common Stock on the Rapid Purchase Notice Date; and (2) if the Company were to deliver a VWAP Purchase Notice, the Company can require White Lion to purchase a number of shares equal to $2,000,000 divided by the product of (i) the lowest daily VWAP of the Common Stock during the VWAP Purchase Valuation Period and (ii) ninety-seven percent (97%).

White Lion’s purchase obligations under a single Rapid Purchase Notice or a single VWAP Purchase Notice shall not exceed $2,000,000, and the maximum amount of shares of Common Stock the Company may require White Lion to purchase under a single VWAP Purchase Notice shall be the lesser of (A) 30% of the Average Daily Trading Volume or (B) $2,000,000 divided by the highest closing price of the Common Stock over the most recent five (5) Business Days immediately preceding White Lion’s receipt of the subject VWAP Purchase Notice.

Additionally, in consideration for White Lion’s commitments under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to issue to White Lion the number of shares of Common Stock equal to $800,000 divided by the closing price of the Common Stock on the day that is the earlier of (i) the business day prior to effectiveness of this resale registration statement registering the shares issuable under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement and (ii) the business day prior to the date that White Lion requests the issuance of such shares (such shares, the “Commitment Shares”).

Accordingly, the actual number of shares of our Common Stock issuable will vary depending on the then-current market price of shares of Common Stock sold to White Lion under the ELOC Agreement, but will not exceed the number set forth in the preceding paragraphs unless we file an additional registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), with the SEC.

Warrants

Pursuant and subject to the terms of the ELOC Agreement and as further subject to the terms of a Common Stock Purchase Warrant dated May 6, 2025 between the Company and White Lion (“Warrant”), White Lion has the right, but not the obligation, at any time for a period of five years following the Warrant’s execution date, to subscribe for and purchase from the Company up to $4,000,000 worth, or the Available Share Amount (as defined in the Warrant and subject to adjustment thereunder), of Common Stock (the “Warrant Shares”). The initial purchase price of one share of Common Stock under the Warrant shall be equal to the Exercise Price, which shall be $1.584 or as otherwise defined therein pursuant to any applicable adjustments to the same.

Convertible Note

Pursuant and subject to the terms of a Convertible Note Purchase Agreement and executed on May 6, 2025 between the Company and White Lion (the “Note Purchase Agreement”) and related convertible promissory notes (“Convertible Notes”), White Lion has agreed to loan the Company the principal amount of $1,110,000 at an interest rate of 5% per annum subject to two Convertible Notes maturing on the date occurring Nine (9) months after the closing date of each respective loan. The first Convertible Note in the principal amount of $445,000 was executed by and between the Company and the White Lion on May 6, 2025. The second Convertible Note, constituting the balance of the principal amount under the Note Purchase Agreement, was executed by and between the Company and the White Lion on June 20, 2025.

The Company has agreed to allocate 10% of the proceeds from each purchase notice under the ELOC and/or warrant exercise toward the repayment of the outstanding Convertible Note(s). At any time, White Lion may convert one or both Convertible Notes at 95% multiplied by the lowest Volume Weighted Average Price (“VWAP”) fifteen days prior to the conversion notice. The Company and the Investor have agreed that no more than 4.99% of the shares outstanding will be issued to White Lion, which can be adjusted to up to 9.99% upon 61 prior days’ notice from White Lion.

Under certain circumstances, issuances of Common Shares under the ELOC, Warrants and Convertible Note may have significantly dilutive effect upon the Company’s existing shareholders.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

Item 6. Exhibits

The following exhibits are being filed herewith, or incorporated by reference into, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and are numbered in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K:

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.		Description
10.1		Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of May 6, 2025, between OSR Holdings, Inc. and White Lion Capital, LLC.
10.2		Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note, issued May 6, 2025, by OSR Holdings, Inc. to White Lion Capital LLC.
10.3		Common Stock Purchase Warrant, issued May 6, 2025, by OSR Holdings, Inc to White Lion Capital, LLC.
10.4		Amendment No. 1 to Common Stock Purchase Agreement, between OSR Holdings, Inc. and White Lion Capital LLC.
31.1		Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15(d)-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 *
31.2		Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15(d)-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 *
32.1		Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 **
32.2		Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 **
101.INS		Inline XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

Dated: November 12, 2025

OSR HOLDINGS, INC.

By:	/s/ Kuk Hyoun Hwang
	Name:	Kuk Hyoun Hwang
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer

By:	/s/ Gihyoun Bang
	Name:	Gihyoun Bang
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer

http://fasb.org/srt/2025#ChiefOperatingOfficerMember 0001840425 false Q3 --12-31 0001840425 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:CommonStockParValue00001PerShareMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:RedeemableWarrantsExercisableForSharesOfCommonStockAtAnExercisePriceOf1150PerShareMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 2025-11-05 0001840425 2025-09-30 0001840425 2024-12-31 0001840425 2025-07-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 2024-07-01 2024-09-30 0001840425 2024-01-01 2024-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2023-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2023-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2023-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2023-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:NoncontrollingInterestMember 2023-12-31 0001840425 2023-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2024-01-01 2024-06-30 0001840425 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2024-01-01 2024-06-30 0001840425 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2024-01-01 2024-06-30 0001840425 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2024-01-01 2024-06-30 0001840425 us-gaap:NoncontrollingInterestMember 2024-01-01 2024-06-30 0001840425 2024-01-01 2024-06-30 0001840425 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2024-06-30 0001840425 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2024-06-30 0001840425 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2024-06-30 0001840425 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2024-06-30 0001840425 us-gaap:NoncontrollingInterestMember 2024-06-30 0001840425 2024-06-30 0001840425 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2024-07-01 2024-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2024-07-01 2024-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2024-07-01 2024-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2024-07-01 2024-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:NoncontrollingInterestMember 2024-07-01 2024-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2024-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2024-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2024-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2024-09-30 0001840425 2024-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:NoncontrollingInterestMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2025-01-01 2025-06-30 0001840425 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2025-01-01 2025-06-30 0001840425 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2025-01-01 2025-06-30 0001840425 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2025-01-01 2025-06-30 0001840425 us-gaap:NoncontrollingInterestMember 2025-01-01 2025-06-30 0001840425 2025-01-01 2025-06-30 0001840425 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2025-06-30 0001840425 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2025-06-30 0001840425 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2025-06-30 0001840425 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2025-06-30 0001840425 us-gaap:NoncontrollingInterestMember 2025-06-30 0001840425 2025-06-30 0001840425 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2025-07-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2025-07-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2025-07-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2025-07-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:NoncontrollingInterestMember 2025-07-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:NoncontrollingInterestMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:BellevueGlobalLifeSciencesInvestorsLLCMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:BellevueGlobalLifeSciencesInvestorsLLCMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:BellevueCapitalManagementEuropeAGMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:BellevueCapitalManagementEuropeAGMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:BellevueCapitalManagementLLCMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:BellevueCapitalManagementLLCMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:DuksungCoLtdMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:DuksungCoLtdMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:OtherMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:OtherMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:ShareholderMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:ShareholderMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:VAXIMMAGMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:RMCCoLtdMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:DarnateinCoLtdDarnateinMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:OSRHoldingsIncMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:VAXIMMAGMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:RMCCoLtdMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:DarnateinCoLtdMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:DarnateinCoLtdMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:OSRHoldingsIncMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:VehiclesMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:OfficeEquipmentMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 srt:MinimumMember osrh:FacilityEquipmentMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 srt:MaximumMember osrh:FacilityEquipmentMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:BookValueMember osrh:LiquidityRiskMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:CashflowByContractMember osrh:LiquidityRiskMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:LaterThanOneYearMember osrh:LiquidityRiskMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:LaterThanOneYearAndNotLaterThanThreeYearsMember osrh:LiquidityRiskMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:LaterThanThreeYearsMember osrh:LiquidityRiskMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:BookValueMember osrh:LiquidityRiskMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 osrh:CashflowByContractMember osrh:LiquidityRiskMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 osrh:LaterThanOneYearMember osrh:LiquidityRiskMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 osrh:LaterThanOneYearAndNotLaterThanThreeYearsMember osrh:LiquidityRiskMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 osrh:LaterThanThreeYearsMember osrh:LiquidityRiskMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 osrh:CapitalRiskMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:CapitalRiskMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember osrh:FinancialAssetsAtAmortizedCostMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember osrh:FinancialAssetsAtFairValueMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember osrh:FinancialLiabilitiesAtAmortizedCostMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember osrh:TotalCarryingValueMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:TradeAccountsReceivableMember osrh:FinancialAssetsAtAmortizedCostMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:TradeAccountsReceivableMember osrh:FinancialAssetsAtFairValueMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:TradeAccountsReceivableMember osrh:FinancialLiabilitiesAtAmortizedCostMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:TradeAccountsReceivableMember osrh:TotalCarryingValueMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:OtherCurrentAssetsMember osrh:FinancialAssetsAtAmortizedCostMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:OtherCurrentAssetsMember osrh:FinancialAssetsAtFairValueMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:OtherCurrentAssetsMember osrh:FinancialLiabilitiesAtAmortizedCostMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:OtherCurrentAssetsMember osrh:TotalCarryingValueMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:OtherNoncurrentAssetsMember osrh:FinancialAssetsAtAmortizedCostMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:OtherNoncurrentAssetsMember osrh:FinancialAssetsAtFairValueMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:OtherNoncurrentAssetsMember osrh:FinancialLiabilitiesAtAmortizedCostMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:OtherNoncurrentAssetsMember osrh:TotalCarryingValueMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:TradeAndOtherPayablesMember osrh:FinancialAssetsAtAmortizedCostMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:TradeAndOtherPayablesMember osrh:FinancialAssetsAtFairValueMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:TradeAndOtherPayablesMember osrh:FinancialLiabilitiesAtAmortizedCostMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:TradeAndOtherPayablesMember osrh:TotalCarryingValueMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesMember osrh:FinancialAssetsAtAmortizedCostMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesMember osrh:FinancialAssetsAtFairValueMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesMember osrh:FinancialLiabilitiesAtAmortizedCostMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesMember osrh:TotalCarryingValueMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:FinancialAssetsAtAmortizedCostMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:FinancialAssetsAtFairValueMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:FinancialLiabilitiesAtAmortizedCostMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:TotalCarryingValueMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember osrh:FinancialAssetsAtAmortizedCostMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember osrh:FinancialAssetsAtFairValueMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember osrh:FinancialLiabilitiesAtAmortizedCostMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsMember osrh:TotalCarryingValueMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:TradeAccountsReceivableMember osrh:FinancialAssetsAtAmortizedCostMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:TradeAccountsReceivableMember osrh:FinancialAssetsAtFairValueMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:TradeAccountsReceivableMember osrh:FinancialLiabilitiesAtAmortizedCostMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:TradeAccountsReceivableMember osrh:TotalCarryingValueMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:OtherCurrentAssetsMember osrh:FinancialAssetsAtAmortizedCostMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:OtherCurrentAssetsMember osrh:FinancialAssetsAtFairValueMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:OtherCurrentAssetsMember osrh:FinancialLiabilitiesAtAmortizedCostMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:OtherCurrentAssetsMember osrh:TotalCarryingValueMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:OtherNoncurrentAssetsMember osrh:FinancialAssetsAtAmortizedCostMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:OtherNoncurrentAssetsMember osrh:FinancialAssetsAtFairValueMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:OtherNoncurrentAssetsMember osrh:FinancialLiabilitiesAtAmortizedCostMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:OtherNoncurrentAssetsMember osrh:TotalCarryingValueMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 osrh:TradeAndOtherPayablesMember osrh:FinancialAssetsAtAmortizedCostMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 osrh:TradeAndOtherPayablesMember osrh:FinancialAssetsAtFairValueMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 osrh:TradeAndOtherPayablesMember osrh:FinancialLiabilitiesAtAmortizedCostMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 osrh:TradeAndOtherPayablesMember osrh:TotalCarryingValueMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesMember osrh:FinancialAssetsAtAmortizedCostMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesMember osrh:FinancialAssetsAtFairValueMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesMember osrh:FinancialLiabilitiesAtAmortizedCostMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesMember osrh:TotalCarryingValueMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 osrh:FinancialAssetsAtAmortizedCostMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 osrh:FinancialAssetsAtFairValueMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 osrh:FinancialLiabilitiesAtAmortizedCostMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 osrh:TotalCarryingValueMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 osrh:AmortizedCostMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:AmortizedCostMember 2024-01-01 2024-09-30 0001840425 osrh:LeaseholdGuaranteeDepositsMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:LeaseholdGuaranteeDepositsMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 osrh:OtherDepositsMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:OtherDepositsMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 osrh:LoanMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:LoanMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 osrh:TactionCoLTDMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:TactionCoLTDMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:TactionCoLTDMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 osrh:TactionCoLTDMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 osrh:TactionCoLTDMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:OfficeEquipmentMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:ToolsDiesAndMoldsMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:ToolsDiesAndMoldsMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:MachineryAndEquipmentMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:MachineryAndEquipmentMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 osrh:FacilitiesMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:FacilitiesMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:VehiclesMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:ConstructionInProgressMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:ConstructionInProgressMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:TechnologyLicenseMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:CustomerRelationshipsMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:PatentsMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:TechnologyLicenseMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:CustomerRelationshipsMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 us-gaap:PatentsMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 osrh:LoanAgreementMember osrh:BellevueCapitalManagementEuropeAGMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:LoanAgreementMember osrh:BellevueCapitalManagementEuropeAGMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:LoanAgreementMember us-gaap:IndividualMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:LoanAgreementMember us-gaap:IndividualMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:LoanAgreementMember osrh:DukseongCoLtdMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:LoanAgreementMember osrh:DukseongCoLtdMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:LoanAgreementMember osrh:BGLSIMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:LoanAgreementMember osrh:BGLSIMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:LoanAgreementMember osrh:IndividualOneMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:LoanAgreementMember osrh:IndividualOneMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:ConvertibleNoteAgreementMember osrh:WhiteLionCapitalMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:ConvertibleNoteAgreementMember osrh:WhiteLionCapitalMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:LoanAgreementMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001840425 osrh:LoanAgreementMember osrh:BCMEuropeAGMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 osrh:LoanAgreementMember osrh:BCMEuropeAGOneMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001840425 osrh:LoanAgreementMember osrh:BCMEuropeAGOneMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 osrh:LoanAgreementMember osrh:BellevueLifeSciencesAcquisitionCorpMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001840425 osrh:LoanAgreementMember osrh:BellevueLifeSciencesAcquisitionCorpMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 osrh:LoanAgreementMember osrh:IndividualOneMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001840425 osrh:LoanAgreementMember osrh:IndividualOneMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 osrh:LoanAgreementMember us-gaap:IndividualMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001840425 osrh:LoanAgreementMember us-gaap:IndividualMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 osrh:LongTermDebtAgreementsMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001840425 osrh:UltimateParentEntityMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:MajorShareholderOfTheParentMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 srt:SubsidiariesMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:AssociatesMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:OtherRelatedPartiesMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:BCMEuropeAGMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:BCMEuropeAGMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:BellevueCapitalManagementEuropeAGMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:BellevueCapitalManagementEuropeAGMember 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:KeyManagementMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001840425 osrh:KeyManagementMember 2024-12-31 0001840425 osrh:OrdinarySharesOutstandingMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:OrdinarySharesOutstandingMember 2024-01-01 2024-09-30 0001840425 osrh:ChangesDueToBusinessCombinationMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:ChangesDueToBusinessCombinationMember 2024-01-01 2024-09-30 0001840425 osrh:CommitmentSharesIssuedForWhiteLionCapitalMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:CommitmentSharesIssuedForWhiteLionCapitalMember 2024-01-01 2024-09-30 0001840425 osrh:SharesIssuedDueToELOCMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:SharesIssuedDueToELOCMember 2024-01-01 2024-09-30 0001840425 osrh:SharesIssuedDueToConvertibleNoteConversionMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:SharesIssuedDueToConvertibleNoteConversionMember 2024-01-01 2024-09-30 0001840425 osrh:SharesIssuedDueToWarrantConversionMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:SharesIssuedDueToWarrantConversionMember 2024-01-01 2024-09-30 0001840425 osrh:WeightedAverageNumberOfOrdinarySharesOutstandingMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:WeightedAverageNumberOfOrdinarySharesOutstandingMember 2024-01-01 2024-09-30 0001840425 osrh:ConvertibleBondsConversionEffectMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:ConvertibleBondsConversionEffectMember 2024-01-01 2024-09-30 0001840425 osrh:WarrantConversionEffectMember 2025-01-01 2025-09-30 0001840425 osrh:WarrantConversionEffectMember 2024-01-01 2024-09-30 0001840425 us-gaap:SubsequentEventMember 2025-10-31 2025-10-31 0001840425 osrh:ConvertibleLoanMember us-gaap:SubsequentEventMember 2025-10-31 0001840425 osrh:ConvertibleLoanMember us-gaap:SubsequentEventMember 2025-10-31 2025-10-31 0001840425 osrh:ConvertibleLoanMember us-gaap:SubsequentEventMember 2025-10-31 2026-10-15 0001840425 us-gaap:SubsequentEventMember 2025-10-31 2026-10-15 xbrli:shares iso4217:USD iso4217:USD xbrli:shares xbrli:pure iso4217:CHF

EX-10.1 2 ea026452101ex10-1_osrhold.htm NOTE PURCHASE AGREEMENT, DATED AS OF MAY 6, 2025, BETWEEN OSR HOLDINGS, INC. AND WHITE LION CAPITAL, LLC

Exhibit 10.1

NOTE PURCHASE AGREEMENT

THIS NOTE PURCHASE AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”), dated as of May 6, 2025 (the “Execution Date”), is entered into by and between OSR HOLDINGS, INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and WHITE LION CAPITAL, LLC, dba White Lion GBM Innovation Fund, a Nevada limited liability company (the “Buyer”). Each capitalized term used herein shall have the meaning ascribed thereto in Section 10 below, or as otherwise defined herein.

WHEREAS, the Company and the Buyer are executing and delivering this Agreement in reliance upon an exemption from securities registration afforded by the rules and regulations as promulgated by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”); and

WHEREAS, the Buyer desires to purchase and the Company desires to issue and sell, upon the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement senior secured convertible promissory notes of the Company, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A, in an aggregate funded amount of $1,000,000 as set forth on the Issuance Schedule attached hereto (such notes, together with any note(s) issued in replacement thereof or as a dividend thereon or otherwise with respect thereto in accordance with the terms thereof, the “Notes”), convertible into shares (the “Conversion Shares”) of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, of the Company (the “Common Stock”), pursuant to the terms of the Note; and

WHEREAS, as an inducement to enter into this Agreement, the Company has agreed to amend that certain Common Stock Purchase Agreement by and between the Company and Buyer, dated February 25, 2025 (the “ELOC Agreement”), as pursuant to that amendment in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B (the “ELOC Amendment”).

NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and the Buyer hereby agree as follows:

PURCHASE AND SALE OF SECURITIES.

(a)

Closings.

(i)

On the First Closing Date (as defined below), the Company shall sell and issue to the Buyer and the Buyer shall purchase a Note in such principal amount, and for such funding price, set forth on the Issuance Schedule under “First Closing” (the “First Closing”), which such funding amount shall be $400,000 for the First Closing (the “First Funding Amount”). The date on which Buyer funds such Note shall be the “First Funding Date.”

(ii)

On the Second Closing Date (as defined below), the Company shall sell and issue to the Buyer and the Buyer shall purchase a Note in such principal amount, and for such funding price, set forth on the Issuance Schedule under “Second Closing” (the “Second Closing”), which such funding amount shall be $600,000 for the Second Closing (the “Second Funding Amount”). The date on which Buyer funds such Note shall be the “Second Funding Date.” Each of the First Closing and Second Closing shall be referred to herein as a “Closing.” Each of the First Funding Date and Second Funding Date shall be referred to herein as a “Funding Date.” Each of the First Funding Amount and Second Funding Amount shall be referred to herein as a “Funding Amount.”

(b)

Closing Dates.

(i)

Subject to the satisfaction (or written waiver) of the conditions set forth in Section 7 and Section 8 below, the date of the purchase, issuance and sale of the Note constituting the First Closing pursuant to this Agreement (the “First Closing Date”) shall be within one (1) Trading Day after the date of the Company’s filing of the Registration Statement (as described and defined under Section 5(e) below).

(ii)

Subject to the satisfaction (or written waiver) of the conditions set forth in Section 7 and Section 8 below, the date of the purchase, issuance and sale of the Note constituting the Second Closing pursuant to this Agreement (the “Second Closing Date”) shall be within one (1) Trading Day after the date that the Registration Statement is approved as effective by the SEC.

(c)

Form of Payment. On a Funding Date, the Buyer shall deliver the Funding Amount by wire transfer of immediately available funds, in accordance with the Company’s written wiring instructions.

(d)

ELOC Amendment. At the First Closing, the Company shall deliver the to the Buyer an executed copy of the ELOC Amendment and all of the ancillary documents contemplated by the ELOC Amendment.

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE BUYER. The Buyer represents and warrants to the Company that:

(a)

Investment Purpose. As of the Execution Date, the Buyer is purchasing the Securities for its own account for investment only and not with a view towards the public sale or distribution thereof, except pursuant to sales registered or exempted from registration under the Securities Act; provided, however, that by making the foregoing representation and warranty, the Buyer does not agree to hold any of the Securities for any minimum or other specific term and reserves the right to dispose of all or any portion of the Securities at any time in accordance with or pursuant to a registration statement or an exemption under the Securities Act.

(b)

Reliance on Exemptions. The Buyer understands that the Securities are being offered and sold to it in reliance upon specific exemptions from the registration requirements of United States federal and state securities laws and that the Company is relying upon the truth and accuracy of, and the Buyer’s compliance with, the representations, warranties, agreements, acknowledgments and understandings of the Buyer set forth herein in order to determine the availability of such exemptions and the eligibility of the Buyer to acquire the Securities.

(c)

Information. The Buyer and its advisors, if any, have been furnished with all materials relating to the business, finances and operations of the Company and materials relating to the offer and sale of the Securities which have been requested by the Buyer or its advisors. The Buyer and its advisors, if any, have been afforded the opportunity to ask questions of the Company. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company has not disclosed to the Buyer any material non-public information and will not disclose such information unless such information is disclosed to the public prior to or promptly following such disclosure to the Buyer. Neither such inquiries nor any other due diligence investigation conducted by Buyer or any of its advisors or representatives shall modify, amend or affect Buyer’s right to rely on the Company’s representations and warranties contained in Section 3 below.

(d)

Authorization; Enforcement. This Agreement has been duly and validly authorized by the Buyer. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered on behalf of the Buyer, and this Agreement constitutes a valid and binding agreement of the Buyer enforceable in accordance with its terms.

(e)

Accredited Investor Status. The Buyer is (i) an “accredited investor” as that term is defined in Rule 501 of the General Rules and Regulations under the Securities Act by reason of Rule 501(a)(3) (an “Accredited Investor”), (ii) experienced in making investments of the kind described in this Agreement and the related documents, (iii) able, by reason of the business and financial experience of its officers (if an entity) and professional advisors (who are not affiliated with or compensated in any way by the Company or any of its Affiliates or selling agents), to protect its own interests in connection with the transactions described in this Agreement, and the related documents, and (iv) able to afford the entire loss of its investment in the Securities.

(f)

General Solicitation. The Buyer is not purchasing the Securities as a result of any advertisement, article, notice or other communication regarding the Securities published in any newspaper, magazine or similar media or broadcast over television or radio or presented at any seminar or any other general solicitation or general advertisement.

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY. The Company represents and warrants to the Buyer that as of the Execution Date and as of each Closing Date and as of each Funding Date (or as of such other time expressly specified below):

	(a)	Corporate Governance Compliance:

		(i) Issuance of Note and Conversion Shares. Each Note has been duly authorized and is being validly issued to the Buyer. The Conversion Shares have been duly authorized and fully reserved for issuance and, upon conversion of the Note in accordance with its terms, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, and free from all taxes, liens, claims and encumbrances with respect to the issue thereof, with the holders being entitled to all rights accorded to a holder of Common Stock. The Conversion Shares shall not be subject to pre-emptive rights or other similar rights of stockholders of the Company (except to the extent already waived) and will not impose personal liability upon the holder thereof, other than restrictions on transfer provided for in the Transaction Documents and under the Securities Act.

(ii) Organization and Qualification. The Company is a corporation duly incorporated, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, with the requisite corporate power and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Each of the Subsidiaries is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized, and, to the extent any Subsidiary is a Material Subsidiary as defined below, such Subsidiary is validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, with the requisite corporate power and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Each of the Company and the Material Subsidiaries is not in violation or default of any of the provisions of its respective certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents. Each of the Company and its Material Subsidiaries is duly qualified to conduct business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation or other entity in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted or property owned by it makes such qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, as the case may be, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect proceeding has been instituted in any such jurisdiction revoking, limiting or curtailing or seeking to revoke, limit or curtail such power and authority or qualification.

		(iii) Authorization; Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action, and no further consent or authorization of the Company or its Board of Directors or stockholders is required. Each of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents has been duly executed and delivered by the Company and constitutes a valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, or similar laws relating to, or affecting generally the enforcement of, creditors’ rights and remedies or by other equitable principles of general application.

		(iv) Capitalization. As of the Execution Date, the authorized capital stock of the Company is as set forth in the SEC Documents (as defined below). The Company has filed in its SEC Documents true and correct copies of the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation as in effect on the Execution Date, the Company’s bylaws, as in effect on the Execution Date, and the terms of all securities convertible into or exercisable for Common Stock of the Company and the material rights of the holders thereof in respect thereto.

		(v) No Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby (including, without limitation, the issuance and reservation for issuance of the Conversion Shares) will not (a) result in a violation of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s certificate or articles of incorporation, by- laws or other organizational or charter documents, (b) conflict with, or constitute a material default (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a material default) under, result in the creation of any Lien upon any of the properties or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any agreement, indenture, instrument or any “lock-up” or similar provision of any underwriting or similar agreement to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party, or (c) result in a violation of any federal, state or local law, rule, regulation, order, judgment or decree (including federal and state securities laws and regulations) applicable to the Company or any Subsidiary or by which any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or affected (except for such conflicts, defaults, terminations, amendments, accelerations, cancellations and violations as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect), nor is the Company otherwise in violation of, conflict with or in default under any of the foregoing. The business of the Company is not being conducted in violation of any law, ordinance or regulation of any governmental entity, except for possible violations that either singly or in the aggregate do not and will not have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company is not required under federal, state or local law, rule or regulation to obtain any consent, authorization or order of, or make any filing or registration with, any court or governmental agency in order for it to issue the Conversion Shares or to execute, deliver or perform any of its obligations under this Agreement or the other Transaction Documents (other than any SEC, FINRA or state securities filings that may be required to be made by the Company subsequent to Closing).

	(b)	SEC and Offering Compliance:

		(i) SEC Documents. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act for the Company to be deemed fully “fully reporting” and “current” and in compliance with the periodic and current reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, and in compliance with the Rule 144(c)(1) under the Securities Act (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Documents”). The SEC Documents comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and other federal laws, rules and regulations applicable to such SEC Documents, and none of the SEC Documents contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

		(ii) Financial Statements. The financial statements of the Company included in its SEC Documents (the “Financial Statements”) comply as to form and substance in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the published rules and regulations of the SEC as well as other applicable rules and regulations with respect thereto. Such Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (except (a) as may be otherwise indicated in such Financial Statements or the notes thereto or (b) in the case of unaudited interim statements, to the extent they may not include footnotes or may be condensed or summary statements) and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company as of the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods then ended (subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal, immaterial, year-end audit adjustments). The Company maintains a system of internal accounting controls appropriate for its size. There is no transaction, arrangement, or other relationship between the Company and an unconsolidated or other off balance sheet entity that is not disclosed by the Company in its Financial Statements or otherwise that would be reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect. Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, the Company confirms that neither it nor any other Person acting on its behalf has provided the Buyer or its agents or counsel with any information that it believes constitutes or might constitute material, non-public information. The Company understands and confirms that the Buyer will rely on the foregoing representation in effecting transactions in securities of the Company.

		(iii) Acknowledgment Regarding Buyer’s Purchase of Securities. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Buyer is acting solely in the capacity of an arm’s length purchaser with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby and that the Buyer is neither (i) an officer or director of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, nor (ii) an “affiliate” (as defined in Rule 144) of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. The Company further acknowledges that the Buyer is not acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (or in any similar capacity) with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, and any advice given by a Buyer or any of its representatives or agents in connection with the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby is merely incidental to the Buyer’s purchase of the Securities. The Company further represents to the Buyer that the Company’s decision to enter into the Transaction Documents has been based solely on the independent evaluation by the Company and its representatives.

		(iv) No Integrated Offering. Neither the Company, nor any person acting on its or their behalf, has directly or indirectly made any offers or sales in any security or solicited any offers to buy any security under circumstances that would require registration under the Securities Act of the issuance of the Securities to the Buyer. The issuance of the Securities to the Buyer will not be integrated with any other issuance of the Company’s securities (past, current or future) for purposes of any stockholder approval provisions applicable to the Company or its securities.

		(v) Brokers. No broker is entitled to a commission payable by the Company in connection with the transactions contemplated by this transaction and the Company has taken no action which would give rise to any claim by any person for brokerage commissions, transaction fees or similar payments relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby. Any all fees due to any brokers shall be paid and satisfied by the Company at the Closing.

		(vi) Disclosure. All information relating to or concerning the Company or any of its Subsidiaries set forth in this Agreement and provided to the Buyer pursuant in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby is true and correct in all material respects and the Company has not omitted to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements made herein or therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. No event or circumstance has occurred or exists with respect to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or its or their business, properties, prospects, operations or financial conditions, which, under applicable law, rule or regulation, requires public disclosure or announcement by the Company but which has not been so publicly announced or disclosed (assuming for this purpose that the Company’s reports filed under the Exchange Act are being incorporated into a qualified filing pursuant to Regulation of the Securities Act, by the Company under the Securities Act).

		(vii) No Disqualification Events. With respect to Securities to be offered and sold hereunder in reliance on Rule 506 under the Securities Act (“Regulation D Securities”), none of the Company, any of its predecessors, any affiliated issuer, any director, executive officer, other officer of the Company participating in the offering hereunder, any beneficial owner of 20% or more of the Company’s outstanding voting equity securities, calculated on the basis of voting power, nor any promoter (as that term is defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) connected with the Company in any capacity at the time of sale (each, an “Issuer Covered Person” and, together, “Issuer Covered Persons”) is subject to any of the “bad actor” disqualifying events described in Rule 506(d)(1)(i)(viii) under the Securities Act (each, a “Disqualification Event”), except for a Disqualification Event covered by Rule 506(d)(2) or (d)(3). The Company has exercised reasonable care to determine whether any Issuer Covered Person is subject to a Disqualification Event. The Company has complied, to the extent applicable, with its disclosure obligations under Rule 506(e), and has furnished to the Buyers a copy of any disclosures provided thereunder.

(viii) Other Covered Persons. The Company is not aware of any Person (other than any Issuer Covered Person) that has been or will be paid (directly or indirectly) remuneration for solicitation of buyers or potential purchasers in connection with the sale of any Regulation D Securities.

(ix) No General Solicitation; Placement Agent. Neither the Company, nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates, nor any Person acting on its or their behalf, has engaged in any form of general solicitation or general advertising (within the meaning of Regulation D) in connection with the offer or sale of the Securities. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has engaged any placement agent in connection with the sale of the Securities. In the event that a broker-dealer or other agent or advisory is engaged by the Company subsequent to the Closing, the Company shall be responsible for the payment of any placement agent’s fees, financial advisory fees, or brokers’ commissions (other than for persons engaged by any Buyer or its investment advisor) relating to or arising out of the transactions contemplated hereby in connection with the sale of the Securities. The Company shall pay, and hold the Buyer harmless against, any liability, loss or expense (including, without limitation, attorney’s fees and out-of-pocket expenses) arising in connection with any such claim.

(x) Investment Company Status. The Company is not, and upon consummation of the sale of the Securities will not be, an “investment company,” a company controlled by an “investment company” or an “affiliated person” of, or “promoter” or “principal underwriter” for, an “investment company” as such terms are defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

(xi) Transfer Taxes. On the Closing Date, all stock transfer or other taxes (other than income or similar taxes) which are required to be paid in connection with the sale and transfer of the Securities to be sold to the Buyer hereunder will be, or will have been, fully paid or provided for by the Company, and all laws imposing such taxes will be or will have been complied with.

(xii) Compliance with Rule 15c2-11. On the Closing Date, and at all times that any of the Securities remain outstanding, the Company shall maintain as publicly available all information required by paragraph (b) of Rule 15c2-11 of the Exchange Act (as effective on September 26, 2021), as amended, such that brokers or dealers attempting to publish any quotation for the Common Stock or, directly or indirectly, to submit any such quotation for publication, shall be able to comply with Rule 15c2- 11(a).

(c)

Operations Related:

(i) Absence of Certain Changes. No event has occurred that would have a Material Adverse Effect on the Company or any Subsidiary that has not been disclosed in the SEC Documents.

(ii) Absence of Litigation. Except as disclosed in the SEC Documents, there are no actions, suits, investigations, inquiries or proceedings pending or, to the Knowledge of the Company, threatened against or affecting the Company, any Subsidiary or any of their respective properties, nor has the Company received any written or oral notice of any such action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation, which would have a Material Adverse Effect or would require disclosure under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act. No judgment, order, writ, injunction or decree or award has been issued by or, to the Knowledge of the Company, requested of any court, arbitrator or governmental agency which would have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as disclosed in the SEC Documents there has not been, and to the Knowledge of the Company, there is not pending or contemplated, any investigation by the SEC involving the Company, any Subsidiary or any current or former director or officer of the Company or any Subsidiary.

(iii) Patents, Copyrights, etc. The Company and the Subsidiaries own or possess adequate rights or licenses to use all material trademarks, trade names, service marks, service mark registrations, service names, patents, patent rights, copyrights, inventions, licenses, approvals, governmental authorizations, trade secrets and rights necessary to conduct their respective businesses as now conducted (“Intellectual Property”). None of the Company’s nor any Subsidiary’s Intellectual Property rights have expired or terminated, or, by the terms and conditions thereof, could expire or terminate within two years from the Execution Date other than by default under agreements that grant such rights. The Company does not have any Knowledge of any infringement by the Company and/or any Subsidiary of any material trademark, trade name rights, patents, patent rights, copyrights, inventions, licenses, service names, service marks, service mark registrations, trade secret or other similar rights of others, or of any such development of similar or identical trade secrets or technical information by others, and there is no claim, action or proceeding being made or brought against, or to the Company’s Knowledge, being threatened against, the Company and/or any Subsidiary regarding trademark, trade name, patents, patent rights, invention, copyright, license, service names, service marks, service mark registrations, trade secret or other infringement, which could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(iv) Tax Status. The Company and each of its Material Subsidiaries has made or filed all federal and material state and foreign income and all other material tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject (unless and only to the extent that the Company and each of its Material Subsidiaries has set aside on its books provisions reasonably adequate for the payment of all unpaid and unreported taxes) and has paid all taxes and other governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined to be due on such returns, reports and declarations, except those being contested in good faith and has set aside on its books provisions reasonably adequate for the payment of all taxes for periods subsequent to the periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply. There are no unpaid taxes in any material amount claimed to be due by the taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company know of no basis for any such claim. The Company has not executed a waiver with respect to the statute of limitations relating to the assessment or collection of any foreign, federal, state or local tax. None of the Company’s tax returns is presently being audited by any taxing authority.

(v) Certain Transactions. Except as set forth in the SEC Documents, none of the officers or directors of the Company or any Subsidiary, and to the Knowledge of the Company, none of the employees of the Company or any Subsidiary is presently a party to any transaction with the Company or any Subsidiary (other than for services as employees, officers and directors), including any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal property to or from, or otherwise requiring payments to or from any officer, director or such employee or, to the Knowledge of the Company, any entity in which any officer, director, or any such employee has a substantial interest or is an officer, director, trustee or partner, in each case in excess of the lesser of (i) $120,000 or (ii) one percent of the average of the Company’s total assets at year end for the last two completed fiscal years, other than for (i) payment of salary or consulting fees for services rendered, (ii) reimbursement for expenses incurred on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary and (iii) other employee benefits, including stock option agreements under any stock option plan of the Company.

(vi) Permits; Compliance. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries is in possession of all franchises, grants, authorizations, licenses, permits, easements, variances, exemptions, consents, certificates, approvals and orders necessary to own, lease and operate its properties and to carry on its business as it is now being conducted (collectively, the “Company Permits”), and there is no action pending or, to the Knowledge of the Company, threatened regarding suspension or cancellation of any of the Company Permits. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is in conflict with, or in default or violation of, any of the Company Permits, except for any such conflicts, defaults or violations which, individually or in the aggregate, would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any notification with respect to possible conflicts, defaults or violations of applicable laws, except for notices relating to possible conflicts, defaults or violations, which conflicts, defaults or violations would not have a Material Adverse Effect.

(vii) Environmental Matters. The Company is in compliance with all applicable Environmental Laws in all respects except where the failure to comply does not have and could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. For purposes of the foregoing: “Environmental Laws” means, collectively, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, as amended, the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the Toxic Substances Control Act, as amended, the Clean Air Act, as amended, the Clean Water Act, as amended, any other “Superfund” or “Superlien” law or any other applicable federal, state or local statute, law, ordinance, code, rule, regulation, order or decree regulating, relating to, or imposing liability or standards of conduct concerning, the environment or any Hazardous Material.

(viii) Title to Property. Except as disclosed in the SEC Documents, the Company and each Subsidiary has good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property owned by it and good and marketable title in all personal property owned by it that is material to the business of the Company and each Subsidiary, in each case free and clear of all Liens and, except for Liens as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company or any Subsidiary and Liens for the payment of federal, state or other taxes, the payment of which is neither delinquent nor subject to penalties. Any real property and facilities held under lease by the Company or any Subsidiary is held under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with which the Company is in compliance with such exceptions as are not material and do not interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property and buildings by the Company or any Subsidiary.

(ix) Internal Accounting Controls. Except as disclosed in the SEC Documents the Company and each of its Subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient, in the judgment of the Company’s board of directors, to provide reasonable assurance that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and to maintain asset accountability, (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. The Company is in compliance with all provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, which are applicable to it.

(x) Foreign Corrupt Practices. Neither the Company, nor any of its Subsidiaries, nor any director, officer, agent, employee or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary has, in the course of his actions for, or on behalf of, the Company, used any corporate funds for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expenses relating to political activity; made any direct or indirect unlawful payment to any foreign or domestic government official or employee from corporate funds; violated or is in violation of any provision of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, or made any bribe, rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other unlawful payment to any foreign or domestic government official or employee.

(xi) Insurance. The Company and each Material Subsidiary is insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as management of the Company believes to be prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and each Material Subsidiary is engaged. Neither the Company, nor any Material Subsidiary has been refused any insurance coverage sought or applied for, and the Company has no reason to believe that it or any Material Subsidiary will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business at a cost that would not materially and adversely affect the condition, financial or otherwise, or the earnings, business or operations of the Company, taken as a whole.

(xii) No Undisclosed Events, Liabilities, Developments or Circumstances. Except as set forth in the SEC Documents, the Company and its Subsidiaries have no liabilities or obligations of any nature (whether accrued, absolute, contingent, unasserted or otherwise and whether due or to become due) other than those liabilities or obligations that are disclosed in the Financial Statements or which do not exceed, individually in excess of $50,000 and in the aggregate in excess of $200,000. The reserves, if any, established by the Company or the lack of reserves, if applicable, are reasonable based upon facts and circumstances known by the Company on the Execution Date and there are no loss contingencies that are required to be accrued by the Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 5 of the Financial Accounting Standards Board which are not provided for in the Financial Statements.

(xiii) Management. During the past five year period, no current or former officer or director or, to the Knowledge of the Company, stockholder of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has been the subject of any matter that would require disclosure under Paragraph (f) of Rule 401 of Regulation S-K that has not been publicly disclosed.

(xiv) Assets; Title. Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries has good and valid title to, or a valid leasehold interest in, as applicable, all of its properties and assets, free and clear of all Liens except (i) any Lien for taxes not yet due or delinquent or being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings for which adequate reserves have been established in accordance with GAAP, (ii) any statutory Lien arising in the ordinary course of business by operation of law with respect to a liability that is not yet due or delinquent, (iii) any Lien created by operation of law, such as materialmen’s liens, mechanics’ liens and other similar liens, arising in the ordinary course of business with respect to a liability that is not yet due or delinquent or that are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings, and (iv) such as have been disposed of in the ordinary course of business. To the Company’s Knowledge, all tangible personal property owned by the Company and its Subsidiaries has been maintained in good operating condition and repair, except (x) for ordinary wear and tear, and (y) where such failure would not have a Material Adverse Effect. To the Company’s Knowledge, all assets leased by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries are in the condition required by the terms of the lease applicable thereto during the term of such lease and upon the expiration thereof. To the Company’s Knowledge, the Company and its Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property and good and marketable title to all personal property owned by them which is material to the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries, in each case free and clear of all liens, encumbrances and defects. Any real property and facilities held under lease by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with such exceptions as are not material and do not interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property and buildings by the Company and its Subsidiaries.

(xv) Subsidiary Rights. The Company or one of its Subsidiaries has the unrestricted right to vote, and to receive dividends and distributions on, all equity securities of its Subsidiaries as owned by the Company or such Subsidiary.

(xvi) Books and Records. To the Company’s Knowledge, the books of account, ledgers, order books, records and documents of the Company and its Subsidiaries accurately and completely reflect all information relating to the respective businesses of the Company and its Subsidiaries, the nature, acquisition, maintenance, location and collection of each of their respective assets, and the nature of all transactions giving rise to material obligations or accounts receivable of the Company or its Subsidiaries, as the case may be, except where the failure to so reflect such information would not have a Material Adverse Effect. To the Company’s Knowledge, the minute books of the Company and its Subsidiaries contain accurate records in all material respects of all meetings and accurately reflect all other actions taken by the stockholders, boards of directors and all committees of the boards of directors, and other governing Persons of the Company and its Subsidiaries, respectively.

(xvii) Money Laundering. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with, and have not previously violated, the USA PATRIOT ACT of 2001 and all other applicable U.S. and non-U.S. anti-money laundering laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, the laws, regulations and Executive Orders and sanctions programs administered by the U.S. Office of Foreign Assets Control, including, but not limited, to (i) Executive Order 13224 of September 23, 2001 entitled, “Blocking Property and Prohibiting Transactions With Persons Who Commit, Threaten to Commit, or Support Terrorism” (66 Fed. Reg. 49079 (2001)); and (ii) any regulations contained in 31 CFR, Subtitle B, Chapter V.

(d)

General

(i) Acknowledgment of Dilution. The Company understands and acknowledges the potentially dilutive effect to the Common Stock upon the issuance of the Conversion Shares upon conversion of the Note. The Company further acknowledges that its obligation to issue Conversion Shares upon conversion of the Note is absolute and unconditional regardless of the dilutive effect that such issuances may have on the ownership interests of other stockholders of the Company.

(ii) Breach of Representations and Warranties by the Company. If the Company breaches any of the representations or warranties set forth in this Section 3, and in addition to any other remedies available to the Buyer pursuant to this Agreement, it will be considered an “Event of Default” as defined under each Note.

(iii) Absence of Schedules. In the event that at the Closing Date, the Company does not deliver and attach hereto any disclosure schedule contemplated by this Agreement, the Company hereby acknowledges and agrees that (i) each such undelivered disclosure schedule shall be deemed to read as follows: “Nothing to Disclose”, and (ii) the Buyer has not otherwise waived delivery of such disclosure schedule.

GENERAL COVENANTS.

(a)

Best Efforts. The parties shall use their commercially reasonable best efforts to satisfy timely each of the conditions described in Section 7 and 8 of this Agreement.

(b)

Use of Proceeds. The Company shall use the proceeds from the sale of the Notes for general corporate purposes.

(c)

Financial Information. The Company agrees to send or make available the following reports to the Buyer until the Buyer transfers, assigns, or sells all of the Securities: (i) within ten (10) days after the filing with the SEC, a copy of its Annual Report on Form 10-K, its Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and any Current Reports on Form 8-K; (ii) within five (5) days after upload or filing, any filings made in the SEC Documents, (iii) within one (1) day after release, copies of all press releases issued by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries relating to the transactions contemplated hereby; and (iv) contemporaneously with the making available or giving to the stockholders of the Company, copies of any notices or other information the Company makes available or gives to such stockholders. For the avoidance of doubt, filing the documents required in (i) above via EDGAR or releasing any documents set forth in (ii) above via a recognized wire service shall satisfy the delivery requirements of this Section 4(c).

(d)

Listing. The Company shall work in good faith to secure the listing of the Conversion Shares upon each national securities exchange or automated quotation system, if any, upon which shares of Common Stock are then listed (subject to official notice of issuance) and, so long as the Buyer owns any of the Securities, shall maintain, so long as any other shares of Common Stock shall be so listed, such listing of all Conversion Shares from time to time issuable upon exercise of the Note. The Company will obtain and, so long as the Buyer owns any of the Securities, maintain the listing and trading of its Common Stock on the Trading Market and will comply in all respects with the Company’s reporting, filing and other obligations under the bylaws or rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) and such exchanges, as applicable.

(e)

Corporate Existence. So long as the Buyer beneficially owns any of the Securities, the Company shall maintain its corporate existence and shall not sell all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, except in the event of a merger or consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, where the surviving or successor entity in such transaction (i) assumes the Company’s obligations hereunder and under the agreements and instruments entered into in connection herewith and (ii) is a publicly traded corporation whose Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the Trading Market.

(f)

No Integration; Other Investors. The Company shall not make any offers or sales of any security (other than the Securities) under circumstances that would require registration of the Securities being offered or sold hereunder under the Securities Act or cause the offering of the Securities to be integrated with any other offering of securities by the Company for the purpose of any stockholder approval provision applicable to the Company or its securities.

(g)

Failure to Comply with the Exchange Act. So long as the Buyer beneficially owns any of the Securities, the Company shall comply with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act; and the Company be subject to the periodic reporting and other reporting requirements of the Exchange Act.

(h)

Breach of Covenants. If the Company breaches any of the covenants set forth in this Section 4, then in addition to any other remedies available to the Buyer pursuant to this Agreement, each such breach will be considered an “Event of Default” as defined under the Note.

(i)

Reservation of Shares. The Company covenants that while the Note remains outstanding, the Company will reserve from its authorized and unissued Common Stock, five times (5x) the number of shares of Common Stock, free from pre-emptive rights, that would be issuable upon full, unconditioned conversion of the Note calculated on the basis of the conversion price in effect as the Closing Date, which such reserved amounts shall be increased by the Company, or upon the written demand of the Buyer, from time to time. In addition to all other rights in this Agreement and the Notes, in the event that on any date (the “Reserve Depletion Date”) the Company does not have available enough authorized shares of Common Stock to satisfy any conversion request regarding the Note, the Company shall first convert as much as would be permitted based on the number of authorized and available shares of Common Stock and then repay all remaining outstanding amounts owed under the Note in full within thirty (30) days of the Reserve Depletion Date at the election of the Buyer.

(j)

Indemnification. Each party hereto (an “Indemnifying Party”) agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the other party along with its officers, directors, employees, and authorized agents, and each Person or entity, if any, who controls such party within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder (an “Indemnified Party”) from and against any Damages, joint or several, and any action in respect thereof to which the Indemnified Party becomes subject to, resulting from, arising out of or relating to any misrepresentation, breach of warranty or nonfulfillment of or failure to perform any covenant or agreement on the part of the Indemnifying Party contained in this Agreement.

SPECIAL COVENANTS

(a)

Piggyback Registration Rights. The Company shall include on any registration and/or offering statement filed with the SEC, including without limitation on any offering statement on Form 1-A, all Conversion Shares for resale by the Buyer. In addition to all other remedies at law or in equity or otherwise under this Agreement or other Transaction Documents, failure to do so will result in liquidated damages of $400,000.00 pursuant to this Section 5(a), being immediately due and payable to the Buyer at its election in the form of cash payment.

(b)

Repayment from Proceeds. While any portion of any Note is outstanding, if the Company receives cash proceeds from the issuance of securities pursuant the ELOC Agreement, or pursuant to the exercise of any purchase under the Warrant, the Buyer shall have the right in its sole discretion to require the Company to immediately apply up to 10% of such proceeds to repay all or any portion of the outstanding amounts owed under the Note.

(c)

Compliance with Rule 15c2-11. The Company take all actions to maintain as publicly available all information required by paragraph (b) of Rule 15c2-11 of the Exchange Act (as effective on September 26, 2021), as amended, such that brokers or dealers attempting to publish any quotation for the Common Stock or, directly or indirectly, to submit any such quotation for publication, shall be able to comply with Rule 15c2-11(a).

(d)

Audit. The Company shall maintain an engagement with a PCAOB registered accounting firm at all times the Securities are outstanding.

(e)

Registration Rights. The Company shall file with the SEC, within thirty (30) days from the Execution Date, a registration statement on Form S-1 covering the offering and resale of the Securities (the “Registration Statement”). The Registration Statement shall relate to the transactions contemplated by, and describing the material terms and conditions of, this Agreement, and disclosing all information relating to the transactions contemplated hereby required to be disclosed in the Registration Statement and the related prospectus, including, without limitation, information required to be disclosed in the section captioned “Plan of Distribution” in the Registration Statement. The Company shall use its best efforts to permit the Buyer to review and comment upon the Registration Statement within a reasonable time prior to their filing with the SEC, and the Company shall give reasonable consideration to all such comments. The Buyer shall also furnish to the Company such information regarding itself, the Company’s securities beneficially owned by the Buyer, and the intended method of distribution thereof, including any arrangement between the Buyer and any other person or relating to the sale or distribution of the Company’s securities, as shall be reasonably requested by the Company in connection with the preparation and filing of a Current Report and the Registration Statement, and shall otherwise cooperate with the Company as reasonably requested by the Company in connection with the preparation and filing of a Current Report and the Registration Statement with the SEC. At the time of the filing of the Registration Statement, the Company shall have no knowledge of any untrue statement (or alleged untrue statement) of a material fact in the Registration Statement (as supplemented by the Registration Statement) or omission (or alleged omission) of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, and there shall be no such untrue statement of material fact or omission in any effective registration statement filed or any post-effective amendment or prospectus which is a part of the foregoing. The Company shall promptly give the Buyer notice of any event (including the passage of time) which makes the aforementioned prospectus not to be in compliance with Section 5(b) or 10 of the Securities Act and shall use its best efforts thereafter to file with the SEC any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement, or amended prospectus in order to comply with Section 5(b) or 10 of the Securities Act.

(f)

Stockholder Approval. The Company will take all actions necessary, including without limitation the filing of a proposal in a proxy statement, to obtain Stockholder Approval, which shall expressly allow for issuances of all Securities hereunder and under the ELOC Agreement and Warrant. In the event that such Stockholder Approval is not obtained by the June 30, 2025, such failure will result in liquidated damages of $400,000.00 being immediately due and payable to the Buyer at its election in the form of cash payment. “Stockholder Approval” means the approval of the holders of a majority of the Company’s outstanding voting Common Stock that are present or represented by proxy at a meeting, to effectuate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, the issuance of all of the Securities in excess the Exchange Cap, subject to appropriate adjustment for any stock dividend, stock split, stock combination, rights offerings, reclassification or similar transaction that proportionately decreases or increases the Common Stock. “Exchange Cap” means that threshold amount of shares that the Company cannot issue to the Buyer related to this Agreement, and any other agreements with the Buyer, without first obtaining the approval of the Company’s stockholders in compliance with the rules of the Trading Market. For the avoidance of doubt, the Company shall obtain Stockholder Approval regarding the issuance to the Buyer of 20% or more of its outstanding shares of Common Stock as required by the NASDAQ stock market rules regarding the shares of Common Stock issuable under the Note, ELOC Agreement and the Warrant.

(g)

Variable Rate Right of First Refusal. Until the first anniversary of the Execution Date, prior to entering into any definitive documents regarding a Variable Rate Transaction with any third-parties, the Company shall present the terms of such contemplated Variable Rate Transaction to the Buyer as a right of first refusal, and the Buyer shall have the option, in its sole discretion, to fund the complete, or any portion, of the contemplated Variable Rate Transaction to the exclusion of any third-parties. The Buyer shall notify the Company of its election to proceed with the Variable Rate Transaction within thirty (30) Trading Days of receiving notice thereof from the Company.

(h)

Breach of Covenants. If the Company breaches any of the covenants set forth in this Section 5, then in addition to any other remedies available to the Buyer pursuant to this Agreement, each such breach will be considered an “Event of Default” as defined under the Note.

TRANSFER AGENT INSTRUCTIONS. Prior to registration of the Conversion Shares under the Securities Act or the date on which the Conversion Shares may be sold pursuant to Rule 144 without any restriction as to the number of Securities as of a particular date that can then be immediately sold, all such certificates shall bear the restrictive legend specified in the Note or Warrants as applicable. The Company warrants that: (i) no stop transfer instructions will be given by the Company to its Transfer Agent and that the Securities shall otherwise be freely transferable on the books and records of the Company as and to the extent provided in this Agreement and the Note; (ii) it will not direct its Transfer Agent not to transfer or delay, impair, and/or hinder its Transfer Agent in transferring (or issuing) (electronically or in certificated form) any certificate for Conversion Shares to be issued to the Buyer upon conversion of or otherwise pursuant to the Note, as and when required by the Note or this Agreement; and (iii) it will not fail to remove (or direct its Transfer Agent not to remove or impairs, delays, and/or hinders its Transfer Agent from removing) any restrictive legend (or to withdraw any stop transfer instructions in respect thereof) on any certificate for any Conversion Shares as contemplated by the terms of this Agreement and the Note, as applicable. Nothing in this Section shall affect in any way the Buyer’s obligations and agreement to comply with all applicable prospectus delivery requirements, if any, upon re-sale of the Securities. If the Buyer provides the Company (which shall be at the cost of the Company), with (i) an opinion of counsel in form, substance and scope customary for opinions in comparable transactions, to the effect that a public sale or transfer of any Securities may be made without registration under the Securities Act and such sale or transfer is effected or (ii) the Buyer provides reasonable assurances that the Securities can be sold pursuant to Rule 144, the Company shall permit the transfer, and, in the case of the Conversion Shares, promptly instruct its Transfer Agent to issue one or more certificates, free from restrictive legend, in such name and in such denominations as specified by the Buyer or, in the sole discretion of the Buyer, the Company shall take all action necessary to ensure that such Common Stock is transferred electronically as DWAC (as defined in the Note) shares. The Company acknowledges that a breach by it of its obligations hereunder will cause irreparable harm to the Buyer, by vitiating the intent and purpose of the transactions contemplated hereby. Accordingly, the Company acknowledges that the remedy at law for a breach of its obligations under this Section may be inadequate and agrees, in the event of a breach or threatened breach by the Company of the provisions of this Section, that the Buyer shall be entitled, in addition to all other available remedies, to an injunction restraining any breach and requiring immediate transfer, without the necessity of showing economic loss and without any bond or other security being required.

CONDITIONS PRECEDENT TO THE COMPANY’S OBLIGATIONS TO SELL. The obligation of the Company hereunder to issue and sell any Note to the Buyer at the Closing is subject to the satisfaction, at or before the Closing Date of each of the following conditions thereto, provided that these conditions are for the Company’s sole benefit and may be waived by the Company at any time in its sole discretion:

(a)

The Buyer shall have executed this Agreement and delivered the same to the Company.

(b)

The Buyer shall have delivered the Funding Amount in accordance with Section 1 above.

(c)

The representations and warranties of the Buyer shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the date when made and as of the First Closing Date as though made at that time (except for representations and warranties that speak as of a specific date), and the Buyer shall have performed, satisfied and complied in all material respects with the covenants, agreements and conditions required by this Agreement to be performed, satisfied or complied with by the Buyer at or prior to the First Closing Date.

(d)

No litigation, statute, rule, regulation, executive order, decree, ruling or injunction shall have been enacted, entered, promulgated or endorsed by or in any court or governmental authority of competent jurisdiction or any self- regulatory organization having authority over the matters contemplated hereby which prohibits the consummation of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

CONDITIONS PRECEDENT TO THE BUYER’S OBLIGATION TO PURCHASE. The obligation of the Buyer hereunder to purchase any Note and fund any such Note at any Closing is subject to the satisfaction, at or before the applicable Closing Date of each of the following conditions, provided that these conditions are for the Buyer’s sole benefit and may be waived by the Buyer at any time in its sole discretion:

(a)

The Company shall have executed this Agreement and delivered the same to the Buyer on the First Closing Date.

(b)

The Company shall have executed the ELOC Agreement and delivered the same to the Buyer on the First Closing Date.

(c)

The Company shall have delivered to the Buyer the duly executed Note in accordance with Section 1 above on the applicable Closing Date.

(d)

The Company shall have delivered to the Buyer the duly executed Transfer Agent Instruction Letter on the First Closing Date.

(e)

The Company shall have delivered a copy of its Directors’ resolutions relating to the transactions contemplated hereby, the form of which is reasonably acceptable to the Buyer, on the Closing Date.

(f)

(g)

No event shall have occurred which could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on the Company including but not limited to a change in the Exchange Act reporting status of the Company or the failure of the Company to be timely in its Exchange Act reporting obligations, as of the subject Closing Date.

(h)

The Company shall have delivered to the Buyer a copy of its certificate of good standing with the State of Delaware dated within five (5) days of the subject Closing.

(i)

The Company shall have delivered a legal opinion to the Transfer Agent regarding the issuance of the Conversion Shares in form and substance acceptable to the Buyer.

(j)

The representations and warranties of the Company shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the date when made and as of the Execution Date and the subject Closing Date as though made at such time (except for representations and warranties that speak as of a specific date, which shall be true and correct in all material respects as of such specific date) and the Company shall have performed, satisfied and complied in all material respects with the covenants, agreements and conditions required by this Agreement to be performed, satisfied or complied with by the Company at or prior to the subject Closing Date. The Buyer shall have received a certificate or certificates, executed by the chief executive officer of the Company, dated as of the subject Closing Date, to the foregoing effect and as to such other matters as may be reasonably requested by the Buyer, in the form prescribed by the Buyer.

GOVERNING LAW; MISCELLANEOUS.

(a)

Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York without regard to principles of conflicts of laws. Any dispute, controversy, difference or claim that may arise between the Company and the Buyer in connection with these Transaction Documents, shall be submitted to binding arbitration governed by the rules of the American Arbitration Association. The seat of the arbitration shall be in the State and County of New York. There shall be only one arbitrator selected in accordance with the rules of the American Arbitration Association. The arbitration shall be conducted in English and may be conducted in a virtual setting. The arbitrator’s decision shall be final and binding and judgment may be entered thereon.

(b)

JURY TRIAL WAIVER. THE COMPANY AND THE BUYER HEREBY WAIVE A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY ACTION, PROCEEDING OR COUNTERCLAIM BROUGHT BY EITHER OF THE PARTIES HERETO AGAINST THE OTHER IN RESPECT OF ANY MATTER ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE TRANSACTION DOCUMENTS.

(c)

Counterparts; Signatures by Electronic Mail. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original but all of which shall constitute one and the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to the other party. This Agreement, once executed by a party, may be delivered to the other party hereto by electronic mail transmission of a copy of this Agreement bearing the signature of the party so delivering this Agreement.

(d)

Headings. The headings of this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and shall not form part of, or affect the interpretation of, this Agreement.

(e)

Severability. In the event that any provision of this Agreement or of any of the Transaction Documents is invalid or unenforceable under any applicable statute or rule of law, then such provision shall be deemed inoperative to the extent that it may conflict therewith and shall be deemed modified to conform with such statute or rule of law. Any provision hereof which may prove invalid or unenforceable under any law shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision hereof.

(f)

Entire Agreement; Amendments. This Agreement and the instruments referenced herein contain the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the matters covered herein and therein and, except as specifically set forth herein or therein, neither the Company nor the Buyer makes any representation, warranty, covenant or undertaking with respect to such matters. No provision of this Agreement may be waived or amended other than by an instrument in writing signed by the Buyer and the Company.

(g)

Notices. All notices, demands, requests, consents, approvals, and other communications required or permitted hereunder shall be in writing and, unless otherwise specified herein, shall be (a) personally served, (b) deposited in the mail, registered or certified, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, (c) delivered by reputable air courier service with charges prepaid, or (d) transmitted by hand delivery, or e-mail, addressed as set forth below or to such other address as such party shall have specified most recently by written notice given in accordance herewith. Any notice or other communication required or permitted to be given hereunder shall be deemed effective (i) upon hand delivery or delivery by e-mail at the address designated below (if delivered on a business day during normal business hours where such notice is to be received), or the first business day following such delivery (if delivered other than on a business day during normal business hours where such notice is to be received) or (ii) on the second business day following the date of mailing by express courier service or on the fifth business day after deposited in the mail, in each case, fully prepaid, addressed to such address, or upon actual receipt of such mailing, whichever shall first occur.

If to the Company, to:

OSR HOLDINGS, INC.

10900 NE 4th Street, Suite 2300

Bellevue, WA

Attn: Kuk Hyoun Hwang, CEO

E-mail: peter.hwang@osr-holdings.com

If to the Buyer, to:

WHITE LION CAPITAL, LLC

21031 Ventura Blvd #920

Woodland Hills, CA 91364

Attn: Yash Thukral, Managing Director

E-mail: team@whitelioncapital.com

Either party hereto may from time to time change its address or e-mail for notices under this Section 9(g) by giving prior written notice of such changed address to the other party hereto.

(h)

Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their successors and assigns. Neither the Company nor the Buyer shall assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of the other. Notwithstanding the foregoing, subject to Section 4(c), the Buyer may assign its rights hereunder to any person that purchases Securities in a private transaction from the Buyer or to any of its “affiliates,” as that term is defined under the Exchange Act, without the consent of the Company.

(i)

Third Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective permitted successors and assigns and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other person.

(j)

Survival. The representations and warranties of the Company and the agreements and covenants set forth in this Agreement shall survive the Closings hereunder as well as the termination/satisfaction of the Note for the longest period allowable under applicable law. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Buyer and all their officers, directors, employees and agents for loss or damage arising as a result of or related to any breach by the Company of any of its representations, warranties and covenants set forth in this Agreement or any of its covenants and obligations under this Agreement, including advancement of expenses as they are incurred. The Buyer agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company and all its officers, directors, employees and agents for loss or damage arising as a result of or related to any breach by the Buyer of any of its representations, warranties and covenants set forth in this Agreement or any of its covenants and obligations under this Agreement, including advancement of expenses as they are incurred.

(k)

Further Assurances. Each party shall do and perform, or cause to be done and performed, all such further acts and things, and shall execute and deliver all such other agreements, certificates, instruments and documents, as the other party may reasonably request in order to carry out the intent and accomplish the purposes of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.

(l)

No Strict Construction. The language used in this Agreement will be deemed to be the language chosen by the parties to express their mutual intent, and no rules of strict construction will be applied against any party.

(m)

Remedies.

(i) The Company acknowledges that a breach by it of its obligations hereunder will cause irreparable harm to the Buyer by vitiating the intent and purpose of the transaction contemplated hereby. Accordingly, the Company acknowledges that the remedy at law for a breach of its obligations under this Agreement will be inadequate and agrees, in the event of a breach or threatened breach by the Company of the provisions of this Agreement, that the Buyer shall be entitled, in addition to all other available remedies at law or in equity, and in addition to the penalties assessable herein, to an injunction or injunctions restraining, preventing or curing any breach of this Agreement and to enforce specifically the terms and provisions hereof, without the necessity of showing economic loss and without any bond or other security being required.

(ii) In addition to any other remedy provided herein or in any document executed in connection herewith, the Company shall pay the Buyer for all costs, fees and expenses in connection with any arbitration, litigation, contest, dispute, suit or any other action to enforce any rights of the Buyer against the Company in connection herewith, including, but not limited to, costs and expenses and attorneys’ fees, and costs and time charges of counsel to the Buyer.

(n)

Publicity. The Company and the Buyer shall have the right to review a reasonable period of time before issuance of any press releases, SEC, Trading Market, or FINRA filings, or any other public statements with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby; provided, however, that the Company shall be entitled, without the prior approval of the Buyer, to make any press release or SEC, Trading Market or FINRA filings with respect to such transactions as is required by applicable law and regulations (although the Buyer shall be consulted by the Company in connection with any such press release prior to its release and shall be provided with a copy thereof).

10.

DEFINED TERMS. As used in this Agreement, the following terms shall have the following meanings specified or indicated (such meanings to be equally applicable to both the singular and plural forms of the terms defined):

“Affiliate” means, with respect to any Person, any other Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, or is controlled by, or is under common control with, such Person, and the term “control” (including the terms “controlled by” and “under common control with”) means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management policies of such Person, whether through ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.

“Common Stock Equivalents” shall mean any securities of the Company entitling the holder thereof to acquire at any time shares of Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, shares of Common Stock.

“Damages” shall mean any loss, claim, damage, liability, cost and expense (including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ fees and disbursements and costs and expenses of expert witnesses and investigation).

“Exchange Act” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

“Hazardous Material” means and includes any hazardous, toxic or dangerous waste, substance or material, the generation, handling, storage, disposal, treatment or emission of which is subject to any Environmental Law.

“Knowledge” including the phrase “to the Company’s Knowledge” shall mean the actual knowledge after reasonable investigation of the Company’s officers and directors.

“Lien” means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, pre- emptive right or any other restriction.

“Material Adverse Effect” means any effect on the business, operations, properties, or financial condition of the Company and/or the Subsidiaries that is material and adverse to the Company and/or the Subsidiaries and/or any condition, circumstance, or situation that prohibits or otherwise materially interferes with the ability of the Company and/or the Subsidiaries to enter into and/or perform its obligations under any Transaction Document.

“Material Subsidiary” means any Subsidiary with assets, liabilities or operations that is material to the business, operations, properties or financial condition of the Company.

“Person” means an individual, a corporation, a partnership, an association, a trust or other entity or organization, including a government or political subdivision or an agency or instrumentality thereof.

“Securities” means, collectively, the Note, the Conversion Shares, and any other securities of the Company issued in connection with or in exchange for any of the foregoing.

“Subsidiary” or “Subsidiaries” means any Person the Company wholly-owns or controls, or in which the Company, directly or indirectly, owns a majority of the voting stock or similar voting interest, in each case that would be disclosable pursuant to Item 601(b)(21) of Regulation S-K promulgated under the Securities Act.

“Trading Day” shall mean a day on which the NASDAQ stock market shall be open for business.

“Trading Market” means the NASDAQ stock market.

“Transaction Documents” shall mean this Agreement, the Note, the Transfer Agent Instruction Letter and all schedules and exhibits hereto and thereto.

“Transfer Agent” shall mean the current transfer agent of the Company, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.

“Transfer Agent Instruction Letter” means the letter from the Company to the Transfer Agent in the form of Exhibit C attached hereto, or in such other form approved by the Buyer. .

“Variable Rate Transaction” means a transaction in which the Company (i) issues or sells any equity or debt securities that are convertible into, exchangeable or exercisable for, or include the right to receive additional shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents either (A) at a conversion price, exercise price, exchange rate or other price that is based upon and/or varies with the trading prices of or quotations for the Common Stock at any time after the initial issuance of such equity or debt securities, or (B) with a conversion, exercise or exchange price that is subject to being reset at some future date after the initial issuance of such equity or debt security or upon the occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly related to the business of the Company or the market for the Common Stock (including, without limitation, any “full ratchet” or “weighted average” anti-dilution provisions, but not including any standard anti-dilution protection for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction), (ii) issues or sells any equity or debt securities, including without limitation, Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents, either (A) at a price that is subject to being reset at some future date after the initial issuance of such debt or equity security or upon the occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly related to the business of the Company or the market for the Common Stock (other than standard anti- dilution protection for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction), or (B) that are subject to or contain any put, call, redemption, buy-back, price- reset or other similar provision or mechanism (including, without limitation, a “Black-Scholes” put or call right) that provides for the issuance of additional equity securities of the Company or the payment of cash by the Company, or (iii) enters into any agreement, including, but not limited to, an “equity line of credit” or “at the market offering” or other continuous offering or similar offering of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents, whereby the Company may sell Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents at a future determined price.

“Warrant” means any warrants to purchase Common Stock issued by the Company to the Buyer under the ELOC Agreement.

** signature page follows **

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Buyer and the Company have caused their respective signature page to this Note Purchase Agreement to be duly executed as of the Execution Date.

	COMPANY:

	OSR HOLDINGS, INC.

	By:	/s/ Kuk Hyoun Hwang
	Name:	Kuk Hyoun Hwang
	Title:	CEO

	BUYER:

	WHITE LION CAPITAL, LLC
	dba WHITE LION GBM INNOVATION FUND

	By:	/s/ Yash Thukral
	Name:	Yash Thukral
	Title:	Managing Director

** Signature Page to Note Purchase Agreement **

ISSUANCE SCHEDULE

FIRST CLOSING

(1)

(2)

(3)

Buyer

Face Value of Note

Funding Amount

White Lion Capital, LLC, dba

White Lion GBM Innovation Fund

$445,000.00

$400,000.00

SECOND CLOSING

(1)

(2)

(3)

Buyer

Face Value of Note

Funding Amount

White Lion Capital, LLC, dba

White Lion GBM Innovation Fund

$665,000.00

$600,000.00

EXHIBITS

A – FORM OF NOTE

B – FORM OF ELOC AMENDMENT

C – TRANSFER AGENT INSTRUCTIONS

EX-10.2 3 ea026452101ex10-2_osrhold.htm SENIOR SECURED CONVERTIBLE PROMISSORY NOTE, ISSUED MAY 6, 2025, BY OSR HOLDINGS, INC. TO WHITE LION CAPITAL LLC

Exhibit 10.2

NEITHER THE ISSUANCE NOR SALE OF THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE NOR THE SECURITIES INTO WHICH THESE SECURITIES ARE CONVERTIBLE HAVE BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE OFFERED FOR SALE, SOLD, TRANSFERRED OR ASSIGNED (I) IN THE ABSENCE OF (A) AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FOR THE SECURITIES FILED PURSUANT TO THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR (B) AN OPINION OF COUNSEL (WHICH COUNSEL SHALL BE SELECTED BY THE HOLDER), IN A GENERALLY ACCEPTABLE FORM, THAT REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED UNDER SAID ACT OR (II) UNLESS SOLD PURSUANT TO RULE 144 OR RULE 144A UNDER SAID ACT. NOTWITHSTANDING THE FOREGOING, THE SECURITIES MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT OR OTHER LOAN OR FINANCING ARRANGEMENT SECURED BY THE SECURITIES.

Principal Amount: $445,000.00

Issue Date: May 6, 2025

SENIOR SECURED CONVERTIBLE PROMISSORY NOTE

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, as of May 6, 2025 (the “Issue Date”), OSR HOLDINGS, INC., a Delaware corporation (hereinafter called the “Borrower” or “Company”), hereby promises to pay to the order of WHITE LION CAPITAL, LLC, dba White Lion GBM Innovation Fund, a Nevada limited liability company, or its registered assigns (the “Holder”), the principal amount of $445,000.00, payable upon the earlier of maturity or upon prepayment of this Note as set forth herein. The term “Note” and all references thereto, as used throughout this instrument, shall mean this instrument as originally executed, or if later amended or supplemented, then as so amended or supplemented. This Note shall accrue interest at the rate of 5% on the principal amount of this Note. The maturity date of this Note shall be the nine (9) month anniversary of the Issue Date (the “Maturity Date”), and is the date upon which the principal amount, as well as any accrued and unpaid interest and other fees, shall be due and payable. This Note may be prepaid in whole or in part as explicitly set forth herein. All payments due hereunder (to the extent not converted into common stock of the Company, $0.0001 par value per share (the “Common Stock”) in accordance with the terms hereof) shall be made in lawful money of the United States of America. All payments shall be made at such address as the Holder shall hereafter give to the Borrower by written notice made in accordance with the provisions of this Note. Whenever any amount expressed to be due by the terms of this Note is due on any day which is not a business day, the same shall instead be due on the next succeeding day which is a business day and, in the case of any interest payment date which is not the date on which this Note is paid in full, the extension of the due date thereof shall not be taken into account for purposes of determining the amount of interest due on such date. As used in this Note, the term “business day” shall mean any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or a day on which commercial banks in the city of Los Angeles, California are authorized or required by law or executive order to remain closed. Each capitalized term used herein, and not otherwise defined, shall have the meaning ascribed thereto in that certain Note Purchase Agreement dated May 6, 2025 between the parties, pursuant to which this Note was originally issued (as amended and/or restated from time to time, the “Purchase Agreement”). The consideration delivered to the Borrower at the closing for the issuance of this Note is the delivery of $400,000 of cash, as contemplated by the Purchase Agreement.

This Note is free from all taxes, liens, claims and encumbrances with respect to the issue thereof and shall not be subject to preemptive rights or other similar rights of shareholders of the Borrower and will not impose personal liability upon the holder thereof.

The Company hereby affirms all of its obligations to the Holder under all of the Transaction Documents and agrees and affirms as follows: (i) that as of the Issue Date, the Company has performed, satisfied and complied in all material respects with all the covenants, agreements and conditions under each of the Transaction Documents to be performed, satisfied or complied with by the Company; (ii) that the Company shall continue to perform each and every covenant, agreement and condition set forth in each of the Transaction Documents and this Note, and continue to be bound by each and all of the terms and provisions thereof and hereof; (iii) that as of the Issue Date, no default or Event of Default has occurred or is continuing under the Purchase Agreement, the Note or any other Transaction Documents, and no event has occurred that, with the passage of time, the giving of notice, or both, would constitute a default or an Event of Default under the Purchase Agreement, the Note or any other Transaction Documents; and (iv) that as of the Issue Date, no event, fact, or other set of circumstances has occurred which could reasonably be expected to have, cause, or result in a Material Adverse Effect. “Material Adverse Effect” means any effect on the business, operations, properties, or financial condition of the Company and/or its Subsidiaries that is material and adverse to the Company and/or such Subsidiaries and/or any condition, circumstance, or situation that prohibits or otherwise materially interferes with the ability of the Company and/or its subsidiaries to enter into and/or perform its obligations under any Transaction Document.

The Company hereby acknowledges, represents, warrants and confirms to the Holder that: (i) each of the Transaction Documents executed by the Company are valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their respective terms; and (ii) no oral representations, statements, or inducements have been made by Holder, or any agent or representative of Holder, with respect to this Note, any other Note, the Purchase Agreement, and all other Transaction Documents.

This Note shall be a first senior secured obligation of the Borrower, with priority over all existing and future Indebtedness (as defined below) of the Borrower as provided for herein. The obligations of the Borrower under this Note are secured by all of the assets, personal property of every kind, intellectually property, claims and products and proceeds of the foregoing, of the Borrower (the “Collateral”). So long as the Borrower shall have any obligation under this Note, the Borrower shall not (directly or indirectly through any subsidiary or affiliate) incur or suffer to exist or guarantee any Indebtedness that is senior to or pari passu with (in priority of payment and performance) the Borrower’s obligations hereunder. For purposes of this paragraph, the term “Borrower” shall include any subsidiary of the Borrower in addition to the Borrower. As used herein, the term “Indebtedness” means (a) all indebtedness of the Borrower for borrowed money or for the deferred purchase price of property or services, including any type of letters of credit, but not including deferred purchase price obligations in place as of the Issue Date and as disclosed in the Company’s SEC filings or obligations to trade creditors incurred in the ordinary course of business, (b) all obligations of the Borrower evidenced by notes, bonds, debentures or other similar instruments, (c) purchase money indebtedness hereafter incurred by the Borrower to finance the purchase of fixed or capital assets, including all capital lease obligations of the Borrower which do not exceed the purchase price of the assets funded, (d) all guarantee obligations of the Borrower in respect of obligations of the kind referred to in clauses (a) through (c) above that the Borrower would not be permitted to incur or enter into, and (e) all obligations of the kind referred to in clauses (a) through (d) above that the Borrower is not permitted to incur or enter into that are secured and/or unsecured by (or for which the holder of such obligation has an existing right, contingent or otherwise, to be secured and/or unsecured by) any lien or encumbrance on property (including accounts and contract rights) owned by the Borrower, whether or not the Borrower has assumed or become liable for the payment of such obligation. The Borrower shall take all actions required to perfect the security interest of the Holder in the Collateral, including, without limitation, with respect to all Collateral over which control may be obtained within the meaning of sections 8-106, 9-104, 9-105, 9- 106 and 9-107 of the UCC. The Borrower shall immediately take all actions as may be requested from time to time by the Holder so that control of such Collateral is obtained and at all times held by the Holder. All of the foregoing shall be at the sole cost and expense of the Borrower. The Borrower hereby irrevocably authorizes the Holder at any time and from time to time to file in any relevant jurisdiction any financing statements, or file any documents with the United States Patent and Trademark Office and the United States Copyright Office, for the purpose of perfecting, confirming, continuing, enforcing or protecting the security interest granted by the Borrower hereunder, without the signature of the Borrower where permitted by law.

The following additional terms shall also apply to this Note:

ARTICLE I

CONVERSION RIGHTS

1.1 Conversion Right. The Holder shall have the right at any time, and from time to time, on or after the Issue Date until the complete satisfaction by the Borrower of all amounts owed under this Note to convert all or any part of the outstanding and unpaid principal, interest, fees, or any other obligation owed pursuant to this Note into fully paid and non-assessable shares of Common Stock, as such Common Stock exists on the Issue Date, or any shares of capital stock or other securities of the Borrower into which such Common Stock shall hereafter be changed or reclassified, at the Conversion Price (as defined below) selected by the Holder for any particular conversion, determined as provided herein (a “Conversion”); provided, however, that in no event shall the Holder be entitled to convert any portion of this Note in excess of that portion of this Note upon conversion of which the sum of (1) the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its affiliates (other than shares of Common Stock which may be deemed beneficially owned through the ownership of the unconverted portion of this Note or the unexercised or unconverted portion of any other security of the Borrower subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitations contained herein) and (2) the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon the Conversion of the portion of this Note with respect to which the determination of this proviso is being made, would result in beneficial ownership by the Holder and its affiliates of more than 4.99% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (the “Ownership Limitation”), provided that, the Holder may increase the Ownership Limitation up to 9.99% at its sole discretion upon sixty-one (61) days prior written notice to the Company. For purposes of the proviso to the immediately preceding sentence, beneficial ownership shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”), and Regulations 13D-G thereunder, except as otherwise provided in clause (1) of such proviso. The number of shares of Common Stock to be issued upon each Conversion of this Note shall be determined by dividing the Conversion Amount (as defined below) (the numerator) by the applicable Conversion Price then in effect on the date specified in the notice of conversion (the denominator), in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (the “Notice of Conversion”), delivered to the Company by the Holder in accordance with Section 1.4 below; provided that the Notice of Conversion is submitted by facsimile or e-mail (or by other means resulting in, or reasonably expected to result in, notice) to the Borrower before 8:00 p.m., New York, New York time on such conversion date (the “Conversion Date”). The term “Conversion Amount” means, with respect to any Conversion of this Note, the sum of (1) the principal amount of this Note to be converted in such Conversion plus (2) at the Holder’s option, accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on such principal amount at the interest rates provided in this Note to the Conversion Date.

1.2 Conversion Price. Subject to the adjustments described herein, this Note shall be convertible into shares of Common Stock at any time, and from time to time, in any portion at the Conversion Price. The Conversion Price shall be automatically adjusted equitably for stock splits, stock dividends or rights offerings by the Borrower relating to the Borrower’s securities or the securities of any subsidiary of the Borrower, as well as combinations, recapitalization, reclassifications, extraordinary distributions and similar events:

(a) Variable Conversion Price. At any time, and from time to time, the Holder may utilize the Variable Conversion Price for conversions of this Note into Common Stock. The Variable Conversion Price shall be a rate per share equal to 95% multiplied by the Market Price (as defined herein) (representing a discount rate of 5%) (the “Variable Conversion Price”). “Market Price” means the lowest daily VWAP of the Common Stock during the fifteen (15) Trading Day period ending on the latest complete Trading Day prior to the Conversion Date. “Trading Price” means the lowest volume-weighted average daily price as reported on the principal securities exchange or trading market where such security is quoted, listed or traded or, if no trading price of such security is available in any of the foregoing manners, the average of the trading prices of any market makers for such security that are listed in the “pink sheets” by the National Quotation Bureau, Inc. “Trading Day” shall mean any day on which the Common Stock is tradable for any period on the NASDAQ stock market or on the principal securities exchange or other securities market on which the Common Stock is then being quoted or traded.

(b) Additional Conversion Considerations. To the extent the Conversion Price of the Borrower’s Common Stock closes below the par value per share, the Borrower will take all steps necessary to solicit the consent of the stockholders to reduce the par value of the Common Stock to the lowest value possible under law. The Borrower agrees to honor all conversions submitted pending this adjustment. If the shares of the Borrower’s Common Stock have not been delivered within two (2) business days to the Holder after its transmittal of the Notice of Conversion, the Notice of Conversion may be rescinded by the Holder in its sole discretion. If the Trading Price cannot be calculated for such security on such date in the manner provided above, the Trading Price shall be the fair market value as mutually determined by the Borrower and the Holder for which the calculation of the Trading Price is required in order to determine the Conversion Price of such Notes. If at any time the Conversion Price as determined hereunder for any conversion would be less than the par value of the Common Stock, then at the sole discretion of the Holder, the Conversion Price hereunder may equal such par value for such conversion and the Conversion Amount for such conversion may be increased to include Additional Principal, where “Additional Principal” means such additional amount to be added to the Conversion Amount to the extent necessary to cause the number of conversion shares issuable upon such conversion to equal the same number of conversion shares as would have been issued had the Conversion Price not been adjusted by the Holder to the par value price. The Note is convertible into shares of Common Stock at any time, and from time to time either of the Variable Conversion Price or the Default Conversion Price then in effect. “Conversion Price” means the then applicable Variable Conversion Price or Default Conversion Price or other conversion price as determined in accordance with this Note.

(c) Pro Rata Conversion; Disputes. In the event of a dispute as to the number of shares of Common Stock issuable to the Holder in connection with a conversion of this Note, the Borrower shall issue to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock not in dispute and resolve such dispute in accordance with this Note.

1.3 Authorized Shares. The Borrower covenants that during the period the Conversion right exists, the Borrower will reserve from its authorized and unissued Common Stock a sufficient number of shares, free from preemptive rights, to provide for the issuance of Common Stock upon the full conversion of this Note issued pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. The Borrower is required at all times to have authorized and reserved five times (5x) the number of shares that is actually issuable upon full conversion of the Note (based on the Conversion Price of the Note in effect from time to time) (the “Reserved Amount”). The Borrower represents that upon issuance, such shares of Common Stock will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable. In addition, if the Borrower shall issue any securities or make any change to its capital structure which would change the number of shares of Common Stock into which this Note shall be convertible at the then current Conversion Price, the Borrower shall at the same time make proper provision so that thereafter there shall be a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock authorized and reserved, free from preemptive rights, for conversion of the outstanding Note. The Borrower (i) represents that it has irrevocably instructed its transfer agent to issue certificates for the Common Stock issuable upon conversion of this Note, and (ii) agrees that its issuance of this Note shall constitute full authority to its officers and agents who are charged with the duty of executing stock certificates to execute and issue the necessary certificates for shares of Common Stock in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Note.

Borrower’s failure to maintain or to replenish the Reserved Amount within two (2) business days of a request of the Holder, shall be an Event of Default under this Note.

1.4

Method of Conversion.

(a) Mechanics of Conversion. Subject to Section 1.1, this Note may be converted by the Holder in whole or in part at any time from time to time on or after the Issue Date, by (i) submitting to the Borrower a Notice of Conversion (by facsimile, e-mail or other reasonable means of communication dispatched on the Conversion Date prior to 8:00 p.m., New York, New York time) and (ii) subject to Section 1.4(b), surrendering this Note at the principal office of the Borrower.

(b) Surrender of Note Upon Conversion. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, upon conversion of this Note in accordance with the terms hereof, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Note to the Borrower unless the entire unpaid principal amount of this Note is so converted. The Holder and the Borrower shall maintain records showing the principal amount so converted and the dates of such conversions or shall use such other method, reasonably satisfactory to the Holder and the Borrower, so as not to require physical surrender of this Note upon each such conversion. In the event of any dispute or discrepancy, such records of the Holder shall, prima facie, be controlling and determinative in the absence of manifest error. The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Note, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following conversion of a portion of this Note, the unpaid and unconverted principal amount of this Note represented by this Note may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.

(c) Delivery of Common Stock Upon Conversion. Upon receipt by the Borrower from the Holder of a facsimile transmission or e-mail (or other reasonable means of communication) of a Notice of Conversion meeting the requirements for conversion as provided in this Section 1.4, the Borrower shall issue and deliver or cause to be issued and delivered to or upon the order of the Holder certificates (or electronic shares via DWAC transfer, at the option of Holder) for the Common Stock issuable upon such conversion within one (1) business day after such receipt (the “Deadline”) (and, solely in the case of conversion of the entire unpaid principal amount hereof, surrender of this Note) in accordance with the terms hereof.

(d) Obligation of Borrower to Deliver Common Stock. Upon receipt by the Borrower of a Notice of Conversion, the Holder shall be deemed to be the holder of record of the Common Stock issuable upon such conversion, the outstanding principal amount and the amount of accrued and unpaid interest on this Note shall be reduced to reflect such conversion, and, unless the Borrower defaults on its obligations under this Article I, all rights with respect to the portion of this Note being so converted shall forthwith terminate except the right to receive the Common Stock or other securities, cash or other assets, as herein provided, on such conversion. If the Holder shall have given a Notice of Conversion as provided herein, the Borrower’s obligation to issue and deliver the certificates for Common Stock shall be absolute and unconditional, irrespective of the absence of any action by the Holder to enforce the same, any waiver or consent with respect to any provision thereof, the recovery of any judgment against any person or any action to enforce the same, any failure or delay in the enforcement of any other obligation of the Borrower to the holder of record, or any setoff, counterclaim, recoupment, limitation or termination, or any breach or alleged breach by the Holder of any obligation to the Borrower, and irrespective of any other circumstance which might otherwise limit such obligation of the Borrower to the Holder in connection with such conversion. The Conversion Date specified in the Notice of Conversion shall be the Conversion Date so long as the Notice of Conversion is received by the Borrower before 8:00 p.m., New York, New York time, on such date.

(e) Delivery of Common Stock by Electronic Transfer. In lieu of delivering physical certificates representing the Common Stock issuable upon conversion, provided the Borrower is participating in the Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) Fast Automated Securities Transfer (“FAST”) program, upon request of the Holder and its compliance with the provisions contained in Section 1.1 and in this Section 1.4, the Borrower shall cause its transfer agent to electronically transmit the Common Stock issuable upon conversion to the Holder by crediting the account of Holder’s Prime Broker with DTC (as designated by the Holder in a Notice of Conversion) through its Deposit Withdrawal At Custodian (“DWAC”) system.

(f) Failure to Deliver Common Stock Prior to Delivery Deadline. Without in any way limiting the Holder’s right to pursue other remedies, including actual damages and/or equitable relief, the parties agree that if delivery of the Common Stock issuable upon conversion of this Note is not delivered by the Deadline the Borrower shall pay to the Holder $2,000.00 per day in cash, for each day beyond the Deadline that the Borrower fails to deliver such Common Stock until the Borrower issues and delivers a certificate to the Holder or credit the Holder’s balance account with DTC for the number of shares of Common Stock to which the Holder is entitled upon such Holder’s conversion of any Conversion Amount (under Holder’s and Borrower’s expectation that any damages will tack back to the Issue Date). Such cash amount shall be paid to Holder by the fifth day of the month following the month in which it has accrued or, at the option of the Holder (by written notice to the Borrower by the first day of the month following the month in which it has accrued), shall be added to the principal amount of this Note, in which event interest shall accrue thereon in accordance with the terms of this Note and such additional principal amount shall be convertible into Common Stock in accordance with the terms of this Note. The Borrower agrees that the right to convert is a valuable right to the Holder. The damages resulting from a failure, attempt to frustrate, interference with such conversion right are difficult if not impossible to qualify. Accordingly, the parties acknowledge that the liquidated damages provision contained in this Section 1.4(f) are justified.

(g) Rescindment of a Notice of Conversion. If (i) the Borrower fails to respond to Holder within one (1) business day from the Conversion Date confirming the details of Notice of Conversion, (ii) the Borrower fails to provide any of the shares of the Borrower’s Common Stock requested in the Notice of Conversion within one (1) business day from the date of receipt of the Note of Conversion, (iii) the Holder is unable to procure a legal opinion required to have the shares of the Borrower’s Common Stock issued unrestricted and/or deposited to sell for any reason related to the Borrower’s standing, (iv) the Holder is unable to deposit the shares of the Borrower’s Common Stock requested in the Notice of Conversion for any reason related to the Borrower’s standing, (v) at any time after a missed Deadline, at the Holder’s sole discretion, or (vi) if there is a trading restriction on the Common Stock on the day of or any day after the Conversion Date, the Holder maintains the option and sole discretion to rescind the Notice of Conversion with a “Notice of Rescindment.”

1.5 Concerning the Shares. Until such time as the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of this Note have been registered under the 1933 Act or otherwise may be sold pursuant to Rule 144 without any restriction as to the number of securities as of a particular date that can then be immediately sold, each certificate for shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of this Note that has not been so included in an effective registration statement or that has not been sold pursuant to an effective registration statement or an exemption that permits removal of the legend, shall bear a legend substantially in the following form, as appropriate:

“NEITHER THE ISSUANCE OR SALE OF THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE HAVE BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE OFFERED FOR SALE, SOLD, TRANSFERRED OR ASSIGNED (I) IN THE ABSENCE OF (A) AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FOR THE SECURITIES UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR (B) AN OPINION OF COUNSEL (WHICH COUNSEL SHALL BE SELECTED BY THE HOLDER), IN A GENERALLY ACCEPTABLE FORM, THAT REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED UNDER SAID ACT OR (II) UNLESS SOLD PURSUANT TO RULE 144 OR RULE 144A UNDER SAID ACT. NOTWITHSTANDING THE FOREGOING, THE SECURITIES MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT OR OTHER LOAN OR FINANCING ARRANGEMENT SECURED BY THE SECURITIES.”

The legend set forth above shall be removed and the Borrower shall issue to the Holder a new certificate therefore free of any transfer legend if (i) the Borrower or its transfer agent shall have received an opinion of counsel, in form, substance and scope customary for opinions of counsel in comparable transactions, to the effect that a public sale or transfer of such Common Stock may be made without registration under the 1933 Act, which opinion shall be reasonably accepted by the Company so that the sale or transfer is effected or (ii) in the case of the Common Stock issuable upon conversion of this Note, such security is registered for sale by the Holder under an effective registration statement filed under the 1933 Act or otherwise may be sold pursuant to Rule 144 without any restriction as to the number of securities as of a particular date that can then be immediately sold. In the event that the Company does not accept the opinion of counsel provided by the Holder with respect to the transfer of securities pursuant to an exemption from registration, such as Rule 144 or Regulation S, at the Deadline, and the does not provide a suitable replacement opinion to the Holder within two (2) business days, it will be considered an Event of Default pursuant to Section 3.2 of the Note.

1.6

Effect of Certain Events.

(a) Effect of Merger, Consolidation, Etc. At the option of the Holder, the sale, conveyance or disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Borrower, the effectuation by the Borrower of a transaction or series of related transactions in which more than 50% of the voting power of the Borrower is disposed of, or the consolidation, merger or other business combination of the Borrower with or into any other Person (as defined below) or Persons when the Borrower is not the survivor shall either: (i) be deemed to be an Event of Default (as defined in Article III) pursuant to which the Borrower shall be required to pay to the Holder upon the consummation of and as a condition to such transaction an amount equal to the Default Amount (as defined in Article III) or (ii) be treated pursuant to Section 1.6(b) hereof. “Person” shall mean any individual, corporation, limited liability company, partnership, association, trust or other entity or organization.

(b) Adjustment Due to Merger, Consolidation, Etc. If, at any time when this Note is issued and outstanding and prior to conversion of all of the Notes, there shall be any merger, consolidation, exchange of shares, recapitalization, reorganization, or other similar event, as a result of which shares of Common Stock of the Borrower shall be changed into the same or a different number of shares of another class or classes of stock or securities of the Borrower or another entity, or in case of any sale or conveyance of all or substantially all of the assets of the Borrower other than in connection with a plan of complete liquidation of the Borrower, then the Holder of this Note shall thereafter have the right to receive upon conversion of this Note, upon the basis and upon the terms and conditions specified herein and in lieu of the shares of Common Stock immediately theretofore issuable upon conversion, such stock, securities or assets which the Holder would have been entitled to receive in such transaction had this Note been converted in full immediately prior to such transaction (without regard to any limitations on conversion set forth herein), and in any such case appropriate provisions shall be made with respect to the rights and interests of the Holder of this Note to the end that the provisions hereof (including, without limitation, provisions for adjustment of the Conversion Price and of the number of shares issuable upon conversion of the Note) shall thereafter be applicable, as nearly as may be practicable in relation to any securities or assets thereafter deliverable upon the conversion hereof. The Borrower shall not affect any transaction described in this Section 1.6(b) unless (a) it first gives, to the extent practicable, thirty (30) days prior written notice (but in any event at least fifteen (15) days prior written notice) of the record date of the special meeting of shareholders to approve, or if there is no such record date, the consummation of, such merger, consolidation, exchange of shares, recapitalization, reorganization or other similar event or sale of assets (during which time the Holder shall be entitled to convert this Note) and (b) the resulting successor or acquiring entity (if not the Borrower) assumes by written instrument the obligations of this Section 1.6(b). The above provisions shall similarly apply to successive consolidations, mergers, sales, transfers or share exchanges.

(c) Adjustment Due to Distribution. If the Borrower shall declare or make any distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of Common Stock as a dividend, stock repurchase, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including any dividend or distribution to the Borrower’s shareholders in cash or shares (or rights to acquire shares) of capital stock of a subsidiary (i.e., a spin-off)) (a “Distribution”), then the Holder of this Note shall be entitled, upon any conversion of this Note after the date of record for determining shareholders entitled to such Distribution, to receive the amount of such assets which would have been payable to the Holder with respect to the shares of Common Stock issuable upon such conversion had such Holder been the holder of such shares of Common Stock on the record date for the determination of shareholders entitled to such Distribution.

(d) Adjustment Due to Dilutive Issuance. If, at any time when this Note is issued and outstanding, the Borrower issues or sells, or in accordance with this Section 1.6(d) hereof is deemed to have issued or sold, any shares of Common Stock for no consideration or for a consideration per share less than the Conversion Price in effect on the date of such issuance (or deemed issuance) of such shares of Common Stock (a “Dilutive Issuance”), then immediately upon the Dilutive Issuance, the Conversion Price will be reduced to the amount of the consideration per share received by the Borrower in such Dilutive Issuance, subject to the Holder’s other rights under Section 1.2 to select its Conversion Price.

The Borrower shall be deemed to have issued or sold shares of Common Stock if the Borrower in any manner issues or grants any warrants, rights or options (not including employee stock option plans), whether or not immediately exercisable, to subscribe for or to purchase Common Stock or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock (“Convertible Securities”) (such warrants, rights and options to purchase Common Stock or Convertible Securities are hereinafter referred to as “Options”) and the price per share for which Common Stock is issuable upon the exercise of such Options is less than the Conversion Price then in effect, then the Conversion Price shall be equal to such price per share. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the “price per share for which Common Stock is issuable upon the exercise of such Options” is determined by dividing (i) the total amount, if any, received or receivable by the Borrower as consideration for the issuance or granting of all such Options, plus the minimum aggregate amount of additional consideration, if any, payable to the Borrower upon the exercise of all such Options, plus, in the case of Convertible Securities issuable upon the exercise of such Options, the minimum aggregate amount of additional consideration payable upon the conversion or exchange thereof at the time such Convertible Securities first become convertible or exchangeable, by (ii) the maximum total number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of all such Options (assuming full conversion of Convertible Securities, if applicable). No further adjustment to the Conversion Price will be made upon the actual issuance of such Common Stock upon the exercise of such Options or upon the conversion or exchange of Convertible Securities issuable upon exercise of such Options.

Additionally, the Borrower shall be deemed to have issued or sold shares of Common Stock if the Borrower in any manner issues or sells any Convertible Securities, whether or not immediately convertible (other than where the same are issuable upon the exercise of Options), and the price per share for which Common Stock is issuable upon such conversion or exchange is less than the Conversion Price then in effect, then the Conversion Price shall be equal to such price per share. For the purposes of the preceding sentence, the “price per share for which Common Stock is issuable upon such conversion or exchange” is determined by dividing (i) the total amount, if any, received or receivable by the Borrower as consideration for the issuance or sale of all such Convertible Securities, plus the minimum aggregate amount of additional consideration, if any, payable to the Borrower upon the conversion or exchange thereof at the time such Convertible Securities first become convertible or exchangeable, by (ii) the maximum total number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon the conversion or exchange of all such Convertible Securities. No further adjustment to the Conversion Price will be made upon the actual issuance of such Common Stock upon conversion or exchange of such Convertible Securities.

For the avoidance of doubt, notwithstanding any other terms of this Note, if, at any time when this Note is issued and outstanding, the Borrower issues or sells any shares of Common Stock under an “equity line” common stock purchase agreement, or other agreement similar in function thereto, with the Borrower or other investor, for a purchase price per share less than the Conversion Price in effect on the date of such issuance of such shares of Common Stock, then such issuance shall constitute a Dilutive Issuance and the Conversion Price will be reduced to the amount of the purchase price per share received by the Borrower in such Dilutive Issuance, subject to the Holder’s other rights under Section 1.2 to select its Conversion Price.

(e) Purchase Rights. If, at any time when any Notes are issued and outstanding, the Borrower issues any Convertible Securities or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property (the “Purchase Rights”) pro rata to the record holders of any class of Common Stock, then the Holder of this Note will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which such Holder could have acquired if such Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete conversion of this Note (without regard to any limitations on conversion contained herein) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of Common Stock are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights.

(f) Notice of Adjustments. Upon the occurrence of each adjustment or readjustment of the Conversion Price as a result of the events described in this Section 1.6, or under Section 1.2 (regarding stock splits, combinations, etc.), the Borrower, at its expense, shall promptly compute such adjustment or readjustment and prepare and furnish to the Holder a certificate setting forth such adjustment or readjustment and showing in detail the facts upon which such adjustment or readjustment is based. The Borrower shall, upon the written request at any time of the Holder, furnish to such Holder a like certificate setting forth (i) such adjustment or readjustment, (ii) the Conversion Price at the time in effect and (iii) the number of shares of Common Stock and the amount, if any, of other securities or property which at the time would be received upon conversion of the Note.

1.7 Trading Market Limitations. Unless permitted by the applicable rules and regulations of the principal securities market on which the Common Stock is then quoted, listed or traded, in no event shall the Borrower issue upon conversion of or otherwise pursuant to this Note more than the maximum number of shares of Common Stock that the Borrower can issue pursuant to any rule of the principal United States securities market on which the Common Stock is then traded (the “Maximum Share Amount”), subject to equitable adjustment from time to time for stock splits, stock dividends, combinations, capital reorganizations and similar events relating to the Common Stock occurring after the Issue Date. Once the Maximum Share Amount has been issued, if the Borrower fails to eliminate any prohibitions under applicable law or the rules or regulations of any stock exchange, interdealer quotation system or other self- regulatory organization with jurisdiction over the Borrower or any of its securities on the Borrower’s ability to issue shares of Common Stock in excess of the Maximum Share Amount, in lieu of any further right to convert this Note, this will be considered an Event of Default under Section 3.2 of the Note.

1.8 Status as Shareholder. Upon submission of a Notice of Conversion by a Holder, (i) the shares covered thereby (other than the shares, if any, which cannot be issued because their issuance would exceed such Holder’s allocated portion of the Reserved Amount or Maximum Share Amount) shall be deemed converted into shares of Common Stock and (ii) the Holder’s rights as a Holder of such converted portion of this Note shall cease and terminate, excepting only the right to receive certificates for such shares of Common Stock and to any remedies provided herein or otherwise available at law or in equity to such Holder because of a failure by the Borrower to comply with the terms of this Note. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a Holder has not received certificates or transmission of such shares pursuant to Section 1.4(e) for all shares of Common Stock prior to the tenth (10th) business day after the expiration of the Deadline with respect to a conversion of any portion of this Note for any reason, then (unless the Holder otherwise elects to retain its status as a holder of Common Stock by so notifying the Borrower) the Holder shall regain the rights of a Holder of this Note with respect to such unconverted portions of this Note and the Borrower shall, as soon as practicable, return such unconverted Note to the Holder or, if this Note has not been surrendered, adjust its records to reflect that such portion of this Note has not been converted. In all cases, the Holder shall retain all of its rights and remedies (including, without limitation, (i) the right to receive Conversion default payments pursuant to Section 1.3 to the extent required thereby for such Conversion default and any subsequent Conversion default and (ii) the right to have the Conversion Price with respect to subsequent conversions determined in accordance with Section 1.2) for the Borrower’s failure to convert this Note.

1.9 Prepayment. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Note, the Borrower may not prepay the amounts outstanding hereunder without first obtaining the written consent of the Holder.

ARTICLE II

CERTAIN COVENANTS

2.1 Section 3(a)(9) or 3(a)(10) Transaction. So long as this Note is outstanding, the Borrower shall not enter into any transaction or arrangement structured in accordance with, based upon, or related or pursuant to, in whole or in part, either Section 3(a)(9) of the 1933 Act (a “3(a)(9) Transaction”) or Section 3(a)(10) of the 1933 Act (a “3(a)(10) Transaction”). In the event that the Borrower does enter into, or makes any issuance of Common Stock related to a 3(a)(9) Transaction or a 3(a)(10) Transaction while this Note is outstanding, a liquidated damages charge of 25% of the outstanding principal balance of this Note, but not less than Fifteen Thousand Dollars ($15,000.00), will be assessed and will become immediately due and payable to the Holder at its election in the form of cash payment or addition to the balance of this Note.

2.2 Preservation of Existence, etc. The Borrower shall maintain and preserve, and cause each of its subsidiaries to maintain and preserve, its existence, rights and privileges, and become or remain, and cause each of its subsidiaries to become or remain, duly qualified and in good standing in each jurisdiction in which the character of the properties owned or leased by it or in which the transaction of its business makes such qualification necessary.

2.3 Non-circumvention. The Borrower hereby covenants and agrees that the Borrower will not, by amendment of its Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws, or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, scheme of arrangement, dissolution, issue or sale of securities, or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Note, and will at all times in good faith carry out all the provisions of this Note and take all action as may be required to protect the rights of the Holder.

2.4 Piggyback Registration Rights. The Company shall include on any registration statement or offering statement filed with the SEC, all shares of Common Stock issuable and issued pursuant to the exercise of this Note. In addition to all other remedies at law or in equity or otherwise in connection with any breaches under this Note or the other Transaction Documents, failure to do so in compliance with this Section 2.4 will result in liquidated damages of $400,000, being immediately due and payable to the Holder at its election in the form of cash payment.

2.5 Legal Opinions. If the Holder provides the Company (which shall be at the cost of the Company), with (i) an opinion of counsel in form, substance and scope customary for opinions in comparable transactions, to the effect that a public sale or transfer of the shares may be made without registration under the 1933 Act and such sale or transfer is effected or (ii) the Holder provides reasonable assurances that the Shares can be sold pursuant to Rule 144, the Company shall permit the transfer, and, in the case of the Shares, promptly instruct its transfer agent to issue one or more certificates, free from restrictive legend, in such name and in such denominations as specified by the Holder or, in the sole discretion of the Holder, the Company shall take all action necessary to ensure that such Shares are transferred electronically as DWAC shares. The Company acknowledges that a breach by it of its obligations hereunder will cause irreparable harm to the Holder, by vitiating the intent and purpose of the transactions contemplated hereby. Accordingly, the Company acknowledges that the remedy at law for a breach of its obligations under this Section may be inadequate and agrees, in the event of a breach or threatened breach by the Company of the provisions of this Section, that the Holder shall be entitled, in addition to all other available remedies (including without limitation consequential damages), to an injunction restraining any breach and requiring immediate transfer, without the necessity of showing economic loss and without any bond or other security being required.

ARTICLE III

EVENTS OF DEFAULT

The occurrence of any of the following shall each constitute an “Event of Default” with no right to notice or the right to cure except as specifically stated:

3.1 Failure to Pay Principal or Interest. The Borrower fails to pay the principal hereof or interest thereon when due on this Note, whether at the Maturity Date, or upon any granted optional prepayment date, upon acceleration or otherwise.

3.2 Conversion and the Shares. The Borrower fails to issue shares of Common Stock to the Holder (or announces or threatens in writing that it will not honor its obligation to do so) upon exercise by the Holder of the Conversion rights of the Holder in accordance with the terms of this Note, fails to transfer or cause its transfer agent to transfer (issue) (electronically or in certificated form) any certificate for shares of Common Stock issued to the Holder upon conversion of or otherwise pursuant to this Note as and when required by this Note, the Borrower directs its transfer agent not to transfer or delays, impairs, and/or hinders its transfer agent in transferring (or issuing) (electronically or in certificated form) any certificate for shares of Common Stock to be issued to the Holder upon conversion of or otherwise pursuant to this Note as and when required by this Note, or fails to remove (or directs its transfer agent not to remove or impairs, delays, and/or hinders its transfer agent from removing) any restrictive legend (or to withdraw any stop transfer instructions in respect thereof) on any certificate for any shares of Common Stock issued to the Holder upon conversion of or otherwise pursuant to this Note as and when required by this Note (or makes any written announcement, statement or threat that it does not intend to honor the obligations described in this paragraph) and any such failure shall continue uncured (or any written announcement, statement or threat not to honor its obligations shall not be rescinded in writing) for two (2) business days after the Holder shall have delivered a Notice of Conversion. It is an obligation of the Borrower to remain current in its obligations to its transfer agent. It shall be an “Event of Default” of this Note, if a conversion of this Note is delayed, hindered or frustrated due to a balance owed by the Borrower to its transfer agent. If at the option of the Holder, the Holder advances any funds to the Borrower’s transfer agent in order to process a conversion, such advanced funds shall be paid by the Borrower to the Holder within forty-eight (48) hours of a demand from the Holder.

3.3 Breach of Agreement. The Borrower breaches any covenant or other term or condition contained in this Note or in any of the Transaction Documents, including but not limited to the Purchase Agreement.

3.4 Breach of Representations and Warranties. Any representation or warranty of the Borrower made herein or in any agreement, statement or certificate given in writing pursuant hereto or in connection herewith (including, without limitation, the Purchase Agreement), shall be false or misleading in any material respect when made.

3.5 Receiver or Trustee. The Company or any subsidiary of the Company shall make an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or apply for or consent to the appointment of a receiver or trustee for it or for a substantial part of its property or business, or such a receiver or trustee shall otherwise be appointed.

3.6 Judgments. Except with respect to the $500,000 claim filed by Benjamin Securities, Inc. prior to the Issue Date, if any money judgment, writ or similar process shall be entered or filed against the Borrower or any subsidiary of the Borrower or any of its property or other assets for more than $50,000.00, and shall remain unvacated, unbonded or unstayed for a period of twenty (20) days unless otherwise consented to by the Holder, which consent will not be unreasonably withheld.

3.7 Bankruptcy; Liquidation. (i) Bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or liquidation proceedings or other proceedings, voluntary or involuntary, for relief under any bankruptcy law or any law for the relief of debtors shall be instituted by or against the Company or any subsidiary of the Company or the Borrower admits in writing its inability to pay its debts generally as they mature, or have filed against it an involuntary petition for bankruptcy; or (ii) any dissolution, liquidation, or winding up of Borrower or any substantial portion of its business occurs.

3.8 Delisting of Common Stock. The Borrower shall fail to maintain the listing of the Common Stock on the NASDAQ stock market.

3.9 Failure to Comply with the Exchange Act. The Borrower shall fail to timely comply with the reporting requirements of the 1934 Act (including but not limited to becoming delinquent in its filings); and/or the Borrower shall cease to be subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act; and/or the Borrower shall not have publicly available all information required by paragraph (b) of Rule 15c2-11 of the Exchange Act (as effective on September 26, 2021), as amended, such that brokers or dealers attempting to publish any quotation for the Common Stock or, directly or indirectly, to submit any such quotation for publication, shall be able to comply with Rule 15c2-11(a).

3.10 DTC. In the event that the Company (i) loses its ability to deliver shares via “DWAC/FAST” electronic transfer, or (ii) loses its stats as “DTC Eligible.”

3.11 Cessation of Operations. Any cessation of operations by Borrower or Borrower admits it is otherwise generally unable to pay its debts as such debts become due, provided, however, that any disclosure of the Borrower’s ability to continue as a “going concern” shall not be an admission that the Borrower cannot pay its debts as they become due.

3.12 Maintenance of Assets. The failure by Borrower to maintain any material intellectual property rights, personal, real property or other assets which are necessary to conduct its business (whether now or in the future) or any disposition or conveyance of any material asset of the Borrower.

3.13 Financial Statement Restatement. The restatement of any financial statements filed by the Borrower with the SEC for any date or period from two years prior to the Issue Date of this Note and until this Note is no longer outstanding, if the result of such restatement would, by comparison to the unrestated financial statement, have constituted a material adverse effect on the rights of the Holder with respect to this Note or the Purchase Agreement.

3.14 Reverse Splits. The Borrower effectuates a reverse split of its Common Stock.

3.15 Replacement of Transfer Agent. In the event that the Borrower proposes to replace its transfer agent, the Borrower fails to provide, prior to the effective date of such replacement, a fully executed Transfer Agent Instruction Letter in a form as initially delivered pursuant to the Purchase Agreement (including but not limited to the provision to irrevocably reserve shares of Common Stock in the Reserved Amount) signed by the successor transfer agent to Borrower and the Borrower.

3.16 Cessation of Trading. Any cessation of trading of the Common Stock on the NASDAQ stock market, and such cessation of trading shall continue for a period of five consecutive (5) Trading Days.

3.17 Cross-Default. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Note or the other related or companion documents, a breach, non-compliance, or default by the Borrower of any covenant or other term or condition contained in any of the Other Agreements, shall, at the option of the Holder, be considered a default under this Note and the Other Agreements, in which event the Holder shall be entitled (but in no event required) to apply all rights and remedies of the Holder under the terms of this Note and the Other Agreements by reason of a default under said Other Agreement or hereunder. “Other Agreements” means, collectively, all agreements and instruments between, among or by: (1) the Borrower, and, or for the benefit of, (2) the Holder and any affiliate of the Holder. For the avoidance of doubt, Other Agreements shall include, without limitation, the Purchase Agreement, that certain Common Stock Purchase Agreement “equity line”, as amended, between the Holder and Borrower (“ELOC Agreement”), that certain Warrant to be issued pursuant to the ELOC Agreement, and that certain Registration Rights Agreement between the Holder and the Borrower. Any loan transactions will be cross-defaulted with each other loan transaction and with all other existing and future debt of Borrower to the Holder.

3.18 Inside Information. Any attempt by the Borrower or its officers, directors, and/or affiliates to transmit, convey, disclose, or any actual transmittal, conveyance, or disclosure by the Borrower or its officers, directors, and/or affiliates of, material non-public information concerning the Borrower, to the Holder or its successors and assigns, which is not immediately cured by Borrower’s filing of a Form 8-K pursuant to Regulation FD on that same date.

3.19 Unavailability of Rule 144. If, at any time on or after the Issue Date, the Holder is unable to (i) obtain a standard “144 legal opinion letter” from an attorney reasonably acceptable to the Holder, the Holder’s brokerage firm (and respective clearing firm), and the Borrower’s transfer agent in order to facilitate the Holder’s conversion of any portion of the Note into free trading shares of the Borrower’s Common Stock pursuant to Rule 144, and (ii) thereupon deposit such shares into the Holder’s brokerage account.

Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default specified above, exercisable through the delivery of written notice to the Borrower by such Holders (the “Default Notice”) the Note shall become immediately due and payable and the Borrower shall pay to the Holder, in full satisfaction of its obligations hereunder, an amount equal to (x) the then outstanding principal amount of this Note plus (y) accrued and unpaid interest on the unpaid principal amount of this Note to the date of payment on the amounts referred to in clauses (x) and/or (y) plus (z) any amounts owed to the Holder pursuant to Sections 1.3 and 1.4(f) hereof (the then outstanding principal amount of this Note to the date of payment plus the amounts referred to in clauses (x), (y) and (z) shall collectively be known as the “Default Amount”). Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, upon delivery by the Holder to the Borrower of a Default Notice (as defined herein) setting forth the Event of Default under the Note, at the sole option of the Holder the Default Conversion Price (as defined below) can be used by the Holder as the Conversion Price, at any time, and from time to time, thereafter while the Note remains outstanding. The “Default Conversion Price” shall mean $0.01 per share.

The Holder shall have the right at any time, to require the Borrower to immediately issue, in lieu of the Default Amount, the number of shares of Common Stock of the Borrower equal to the Default Amount divided by the Conversion Price then in effect, subject to the terms of this Note. This requirement by the Borrower shall automatically apply upon the occurrence of an Event of Default without the need for any party to give any notice or take any other action.

If the Holder shall commence an action or proceeding to enforce any provisions of this Note, including, without limitation, engaging an attorney, then if the Holder prevails in such action, the Holder shall be reimbursed by the Borrower for its attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred in the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding.

ARTICLE IV

MISCELLANEOUS

4.1 Failure or Indulgence Not Waiver. No failure or delay on the part of the Holder in the exercise of any power, right or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such power, right or privilege preclude other or further exercise thereof or of any other right, power or privileges. All rights and remedies existing hereunder are cumulative to, and not exclusive of, any rights or remedies otherwise available.

4.2 Notices. All notices, demands, requests, consents, approvals, and other communications required or permitted hereunder shall be delivered as contemplated by the notice provisions under Section 9(g) of the Purchase Agreement.

4.3 Amendments. This Note and any provision hereof may only be amended by an instrument in writing signed by the Borrower and the Holder.

4.4 Assignability. This Note shall be binding upon the Borrower and its successors and assigns, and shall inure to the benefit of the Holder and its successors and assigns. The Borrower shall not assign this Note or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of the Holder. Notwithstanding anything in this Note to the contrary, (i) this Note may be pledged as collateral in connection with a bonafide margin account or other lending arrangement, and (ii) the Holder may assign this Note and any rights hereunder without the prior written consent of the Borrower. The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Note, acknowledge and agree that following conversion of a portion of this Note, the unpaid and unconverted principal amount of this Note represented by this Note may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.

4.5 Cost of Collection. If default is made in the payment of this Note, the Borrower shall pay the Holder hereof reasonable costs of collection, including reasonable attorneys’ fees.

4.6 Governing Law; Dispute Resolution. This Note shall be governed by and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the State of New York without regard to the principles of conflicts of law. THE COMPANY AND THE HOLDER HEREBY WAIVE A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY ACTION, PROCEEDING OR COUNTERCLAIM BROUGHT BY EITHER OF THE PARTIES HERETO AGAINST THE OTHER IN RESPECT OF ANY MATTER ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS NOTE. Any dispute, controversy, difference or claim that may arise between the Company and the Holder in connection with this Note; and all claims arising out of or relating to the validity, construction, interpretation, enforceability, breach, performance, application or termination of this Note, shall be submitted to binding arbitration governed by the rules of the American Arbitration Association. The seat of the arbitration shall be in the State and County of New York. There shall be only one arbitrator selected in accordance with the rules of the American Arbitration Association. The arbitration shall be conducted in English and may be conducted in a virtual setting. The arbitrator’s decision shall be final and binding and judgment may be entered thereon. Provided a party has made a sufficient showing under applicable law, the arbitrator shall have the freedom to invoke, and the parties agree to abide by, injunctive measures that either party submits in writing for arbitration claims requiring immediate relief. Additionally, nothing in this Section shall preclude either party from seeking equitable relief or interim or provisional relief from a court of competent jurisdiction, including a temporary restraining order, preliminary injunction or other equitable relief, concerning a dispute either prior to or during arbitration if necessary to protect the interests of such party or to preserve the status quo pending the arbitration proceeding. Each side must bear its own costs and legal fees during the pendency of the arbitration. A party’s failure to pay any costs or fees required to proceed in the arbitration, as they timely come due, shall result in an immediate default against that party. The prevailing party in the arbitration shall be entitled to recoup all its reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs from the nonprevailing, including, without limitation, all of its costs relating to the arbitration. The arbitrator’s final award shall include this assessment of costs and fees.

4.7 Certain Amounts. Whenever pursuant to this Note the Borrower is required to pay an amount in excess of the outstanding principal amount (or the portion thereof required to be paid at that time) plus accrued and unpaid interest, the Borrower and the Holder agree that the actual damages to the Holder from the receipt of cash payment on this Note may be difficult to determine and the amount to be so paid by the Borrower represents stipulated damages and not a penalty.

4.8 Purchase Agreement. By its acceptance of this Note, each party agrees to be bound by the applicable terms of the Purchase Agreement.

4.9 Notice of Corporate Events. Except as otherwise provided in this Note, the Holder of this Note shall have no rights as a Holder of Common Stock unless and only to the extent that it converts this Note into Common Stock. The Borrower shall provide the Holder with prior notification of any meeting of the Borrower’s shareholders (and copies of proxy materials and other information sent to shareholders). In the event of any taking by the Borrower of a record of its shareholders for the purpose of determining shareholders who are entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution, any right to subscribe for, purchase or otherwise acquire (including by way of merger, consolidation, reclassification or recapitalization) any share of any class or any other securities or property, or to receive any other right, or for the purpose of determining shareholders who are entitled to vote in connection with any proposed sale, lease or conveyance of all or substantially all of the assets of the Borrower or any proposed liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Borrower, the Borrower shall mail a notice to the Holder, at least twenty (20) days prior to the record date specified therein (or thirty (30) days prior to the consummation of the transaction or event, whichever is earlier), of the date on which any such record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, right or other event, and a brief statement regarding the amount and character of such dividend, distribution, right or other event to the extent known at such time. The Borrower shall make a public announcement of any event requiring notification to the Holder hereunder substantially simultaneously with the notification to the Holder in accordance with the terms of this Section 4.9 including, but not limited to, name changes, recapitalizations, etc. as soon as possible under law.

4.10 Usury. If it shall be found that any interest or other amount deemed interest due hereunder violates the applicable law governing usury, the applicable provision shall automatically be revised to equal the maximum rate of interest or other amount deemed interest permitted under applicable law. The Borrower covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not seek to claim or take advantage of any usury law that would prohibit or forgive the Borrower from paying all or a portion of the principal or interest on this Note.

4.11 Remedies. The Borrower acknowledges that a breach by it of its obligations hereunder will cause irreparable harm to the Holder, by vitiating the intent and purpose of the transaction contemplated hereby. Accordingly, the Borrower acknowledges that the remedy at law for a breach of its obligations under this Note will be inadequate and agrees, in the event of a breach or threatened breach by the Borrower of the provisions of this Note, that the Holder shall be entitled, in addition to all other available remedies at law or in equity, and in addition to the penalties assessable herein, to an injunction or injunctions restraining, preventing or curing any breach of this Note and to enforce specifically the terms and provisions thereof, without the necessity of showing economic loss and without any bond or other security being required. No provision of this Note shall alter or impair the obligation of the Borrower, which is absolute and unconditional, to pay the principal of, and interest on, this Note at the time, place, and rate, and in the form, herein prescribed.

4.12 Severability. In the event that any provision of this Note is invalid or unenforceable under any applicable statute or rule of law, then such provision shall be deemed inoperative to the extent that it may conflict therewith and shall be deemed modified to conform with such statute or rule of law. Any provision hereof which may prove invalid or unenforceable under any law shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision hereof.

4.13 Terms of Future Financings. So long as this Note is outstanding, upon any issuance by the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries of any security with any term more favorable to the holder of such security or with a term (including without limitation any Conversion Price) in favor of the holder of such security that was not similarly provided to the Holder in this Note (other than a future financing with the Holder), then the Borrower shall notify the Holder of such additional or more favorable term and such term, at Holder’s option, shall become a part of the Transaction Documents with the Holder. The types of terms contained in another security that may be more favorable to the holder of such security include, but are not limited to, terms addressing conversion discounts, prepayment rate, conversion lookback periods, interest rates, original issue discounts, stock sale price, private placement price per share, and warrant coverage.

*** signature page follows ***

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Borrower has caused this Note to be signed in its name by its duly authorized officer as of the Issue Date.

	COMPANY:

	OSR Holdings, Inc.

	By:	/s/ Kuk Hyoun Hwang
	Name:	Kuk Hyoun Hwang
	Title:	CEO

Acknowledged and Accepted by:

HOLDER:

White Lion Capital, LLC, dba White Lion GBM Innovation Fund

By:	/s/ Yash Thukral
Name:	Yash Thukral
Title:	Managing Director

EXHIBIT A

NOTICE OF CONVERSION

The undersigned hereby elects to convert $ principal amount of the Note (defined below) together with $ of accrued and unpaid interest thereto, totaling $ into that number of shares of Common Stock to be issued pursuant to the conversion of the Note (“Common Stock”) as set forth below, of OSR Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Borrower”), according to the conditions of the senior secured convertible note of the Borrower dated as of May 6, 2025 (the “Note”), as of the date written below. No fee will be charged to the Holder for any conversion, except for transfer taxes, if any.

Box Checked as to applicable instructions:

☐

The Borrower shall electronically transmit the Common Stock issuable pursuant to this Notice of Conversion to the account of the undersigned or its nominee with DTC through its Deposit Withdrawal At Custodian system (“DWAC Transfer”).

Name of DTC Prime Broker:

Account Number:

☐

The undersigned hereby requests that the Borrower issue a certificate or certificates for the number of shares of Common Stock set forth below (which numbers are based on the Holder’s calculation attached hereto) in the name(s) specified immediately below or, if additional space is necessary, on an attachment hereto:

Name: [NAME]

Address: [ADDRESS]

Date of Conversion:

Applicable Conversion Price: $

Number of Shares of Common Stock to be Issued

Pursuant to Conversion of the Notes:

Amount of Principal Balance Due remaining

Under the Note after this conversion:

Accrued and unpaid interest remaining:

[HOLDER]

By:

Name: [NAME]

Title: [TITLE]

Date: [DATE]

EX-10.3 4 ea026452101ex10-3_osrhold.htm COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT, ISSUED MAY 6, 2025, BY OSR HOLDINGS, INC TO WHITE LION CAPITAL, LLC

Exhibit 10.3

NEITHER THIS SECURITY NOR THE SECURITIES FOR WHICH THIS SECURITY IS EXERCISABLE HAVE BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE SECURITIES COMMISSION OF ANY STATE IN RELIANCE UPON AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “SECURITIES ACT”), AND, ACCORDINGLY, MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THIS SECURITY AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON EXERCISE OF THIS SECURITY MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT OR OTHER LOAN SECURED BY SUCH SECURITIES.

COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT

OSR HOLDINGS, INC.

Warrant Shares: $4,000,000

Initial Exercise Date: May 6, 2025

THIS COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT (the “Warrant”) certifies that, for value received, WHITE LION CAPITAL, LLC, DBA WHITE LION GBM INNOVATION FUND or its assigns (the “Holder”) is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter set forth, at any time on or after the date hereof (the “Initial Exercise Date”) and until the earlier of the fifth (5th) anniversary of the Initial Exercise Date or until this Warrant is exercised in full (the “Termination Date”) but not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from OSR HOLDINGS, INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), up to the Available Share Amount (as subject to adjustment hereunder, the “Warrant Shares”) of Common Stock. The purchase price of one share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be equal to the Exercise Price, as defined in Section 2(b).

Section 1. Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Warrant, the following terms have the meanings indicated in this Section 1:

“Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.

“Available Share Amount” means up to $4,000,000 of shares of Common Stock, meaning that this Warrant shall be exercisable for up to such number of shares of Common Stock equal to $4,000,000 in the aggregate with Warrant Shares valued upon each exercise hereunder (as such amount of shares may be adjusted from time to time in accordance with the provisions of this Warrant, and as with respect to changes in the Exercise Price). By way of example, the Holder shall have the right to purchase up to 800,000 shares of Common Stock if the Exercise Price is $5.00 per share on any given day and no exercises have been executed, but if the Exercise Price is $4.00 per share on the following day, the Holder would have the right to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock as of such day if no exercise had been previously executed.

“Bid Price” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the bid price of the Common Stock for the time in question (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on the Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

“Business Day” means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of Los Angeles, California are authorized or required by law to remain closed; provided, however, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized or required by law to remain closed due to “stay at home”, “shelter-in-place”, “non-essential employee” or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York generally are open for use by customers on such day.

“Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

“Common Stock” means the Common Stock of the Company, par value $0.0001 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.

“Common Stock Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

“Person” means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.

“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

“Subsidiary” means any subsidiary of the Company and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed or acquired after the date hereof.

“Trading Day” means a day on which the Common Stock is traded on a Trading Market.

“Trading Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market or the New York Stock Exchange (or any successors to any of the foregoing).

“Transfer Agent” means the transfer agent of the Company as of the Initial Exercise Date, or such other Person who is then serving as the transfer agent for the Company in respect of the Common Stock.

“VWAP” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on the Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the reasonable and documented fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

“Warrant” means this Warrant.

Section 2. Exercise.

(a) Exercise of Warrant. Exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times on or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date by delivery to the Company of a duly executed copy submitted by e-mail (or e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise in the form annexed hereto (the “Notice of Exercise”). Within the earlier of (i) one (1) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as defined in Section 2(d)(i) herein) following the date of exercise as aforesaid, the Holder shall deliver to the Company the aggregate Exercise Price for the Warrant Shares specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer or cashier’s check drawn on a United States bank unless the cashless exercise procedure specified in Section 2(c) below is specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise. No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise be required. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company until the Holder has purchased all of the Warrant Shares available hereunder and the Warrant has been exercised in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company for cancellation within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the final Notice of Exercise is delivered to the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of a portion of the total number of Warrant Shares available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant Shares purchasable hereunder in an amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant Shares purchased. The Holder and the Company shall maintain records showing the number of Warrant Shares purchased and the date of such purchases. With respect to any Notice(s) of Exercise delivered on or prior to 8:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the business day prior to the Initial Exercise Date the Company agrees to deliver the Warrant Shares subject to such notice(s) by 4:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Initial Exercise Date and the Initial Exercise Date shall be the Warrant Share Delivery Date for purposes hereunder, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received by such Warrant Share Delivery Date. The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Warrant, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this Section 2(a), following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant Shares hereunder, the Available Share Amount of Warrant Shares available for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the Available Share Amount stated set forth above.

(b) Exercise Price. The exercise price per Warrant Share under this Warrant shall be $1.5841, subject to adjustment hereunder (the “Exercise Price”).

(c) Cashless Exercise. If at the time of exercise hereof there is no effective registration statement registering, or the prospectus contained therein is not available for the issuance of the Warrant Shares to the Holder, then this Warrant may also be exercised, in whole or in part, at such time by means of a “cashless exercise” in which the Holder shall be entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing [(A-B)*(X)] by (A), where:

(A) = the highest traded price of the common stock the thirty days prior to the applicable Notice of Exercise.

(B) = the Exercise Price of this Warrant, as adjusted hereunder; and

(X) = the number of Warrant Shares that would be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant if such exercise were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise.

If Warrant Shares are issued in such a cashless exercise, the parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, the Warrant Shares shall take on the registered characteristics of the Warrants being exercised. The Company agrees not to take any position contrary to this Section 2(c).

(d) Mechanics of Exercise.

(i) Delivery of Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. The Company shall cause the Warrant Shares purchased hereunder to be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the Holder by crediting the account of the Holder’s or its designee’s balance account with The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system if the Company’s transfer agent is then a participant in such system and either (A) there is an effective registration statement permitting the issuance of the Warrant Shares to or resale of the Warrant Shares by Holder or (B) this Warrant is being exercised via cashless exercise, and otherwise by physical delivery of a certificate, registered in the Company’s share register in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of Warrant Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the address specified by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise by the date that is the earliest of (i) two (2) Trading Days after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise, (ii) one (1) Trading Day after delivery of the aggregate Exercise Price to the Company and (iii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise (such date, the “Warrant Share Delivery Date”). Upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate purposes to have become the holder of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received within the earlier of (i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period following delivery of the Notice of Exercise. If the Company fails for any reason to deliver to the Holder the Warrant Shares subject to a Notice of Exercise by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, the Company shall pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, $1,000 per Trading Day for each Trading Day after such Warrant Share Delivery Date until such Warrant Shares are delivered or Holder rescinds such exercise. The Company agrees to maintain a transfer agent that is a participant in the FAST program so long as this Warrant remains outstanding and exercisable. As used herein, “Standard Settlement Period” means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company’s primary Trading Market with respect to the Common Stock as in effect on the date of delivery of the Notice of Exercise.

Equal to 120% of the closing price on the Initial Exercise Date.

(ii) Delivery of New Warrants Upon Exercise. If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of a Holder and upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in all other respects be identical with this Warrant.

(iii) Rescission Rights. If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise by delivering written notice to the Company at any time prior to the delivery of such Warrant Shares.

(iv) Compensation for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares in accordance with the provisions of Section 2(d)(i) above pursuant to an exercise on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date (other than any such failure that is solely due to any action or inaction by the Holder with respect to such exercise), and if after such date the Holder is required by its broker to purchase (in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the Holder’s brokerage firm otherwise purchases for the Holder shares of Common Stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares which the Holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise (a “Buy-In”), then the Company shall (A) pay in cash to the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x) the Holder’s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased exceeds (y) the amount obtained by multiplying (1) the number of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to the Holder in connection with the exercise at issue times (2) the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B) at the option of the Holder, either reinstate the portion of the Warrant and equivalent number of Warrant Shares for which such exercise was not honored (in which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock that would have been issued had the Company timely complied with its exercise and delivery obligations hereunder. For example, if the Holder purchases Common Stock having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted exercise of shares of Common Stock with an aggregate sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating the amounts payable to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall limit a Holder’s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company’s failure to timely deliver shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof.

(v) No Fractional Shares or Scrip. No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall, at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the Exercise Price or round up to the next whole share.

(vi) Charges, Taxes and Expenses. Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax or other incidental expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and such Warrant Shares shall be issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be directed by the Holder; provided, however, that, in the event that Warrant Shares are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when surrendered for exercise shall be accompanied by the Assignment Form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder and the Company may require, as a condition thereto, the payment of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental thereto. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees required for same-day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to the Depository Trust Company (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares.

(vii) Closing of Books. The Company will not close its stockholder books or records in any manner which prevents the timely exercise of this Warrant, pursuant to the terms hereof.

(e) Holder’s Exercise Limitations. The Company shall not effect any exercise of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the right to exercise any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to Section 2 or otherwise, to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise as set forth on the applicable Notice of Exercise, the Holder (together with the Holder’s Affiliates, and any other Persons acting as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder’s Affiliates (such Persons, “Attribution Parties”)), would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below). For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates and Attribution Parties shall include the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude the number of shares of Common Stock which would be issuable upon (i) exercise of the remaining, nonexercised portion of this Warrant beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or nonconverted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any other Common Stock Equivalents) subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 2(e), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, it being acknowledged by the Holder that the Company is not representing to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the Holder is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance therewith. To the extent that the limitation contained in this Section 2(e) applies, the determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable shall be in the sole discretion of the Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Exercise shall be deemed to be the Holder’s determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination and shall have no liability for exercises of this Warrant that are not in compliance with the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, provided this limitation of liability shall not apply if the Holder has detrimentally relied on outstanding share information provided by the Company or the Transfer Agent. In addition, a determination as to any group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination and shall have no liability for exercises of the Warrant that are not in compliance with the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, except to the extent the Holder relies on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock that was provided by the Company. For purposes of this Section 2(e), in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as reflected in (A) the Company’s most recent periodic or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case may be, (B) a more recent public announcement by the Company or (C) a more recent written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding. Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company shall within two Trading Days confirm orally and in writing or by electronic mail to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder or its Affiliates or Attribution Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported. The “Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall be 4.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant. The Holder, upon notice to the Company, may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section 2(e), provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of this Warrant held by the Holder and the provisions of this Section 2(e) shall continue to apply. Any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not be effective until the 61st day after such notice is delivered to the Company. The provisions of this Section 2(e) shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section 2(e) to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Warrant.

Section 3. Certain Adjustments.

(a) Stock Dividends and Splits. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i) pays a stock dividend or otherwise makes a distribution or distributions on shares of its Common Stock or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in shares of Common Stock (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any shares of Common Stock issued by the Company upon exercise of this Warrant), (ii) subdivides outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares, (iii) combines (including by way of reverse stock split) outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, or (iv) issues by reclassification of shares of the Common Stock any shares of capital stock of the Company, then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately before such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event, and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price of this Warrant shall remain unchanged. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 3(a) shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or re-classification.

(b) Subsequent Equity Sales. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, the Company sells or grants any option to purchase or sells or grants any right to reprice, or otherwise disposes of, or issues (or announces any sale, grant or any option to purchase or other disposition), any Common Stock, or Common Stock Equivalents entitling any Person to acquire shares of Common Stock, at an effective price per share that is lower than the then Exercise Price (such lower price, the “Base Exercise Price” and such issuances, collectively, a “Dilutive Issuance”) (if the holder of the Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents so issued shall at any time, whether by operation of purchase price adjustments, reset provisions, floating conversion, exercise or exchange prices or otherwise, or due to warrants, options or rights per share which are issued in connection with such issuance, be entitled to receive shares of Common Stock at an effective price per share that is lower than the then Exercise Price, such issuance shall be deemed to have occurred for less than the Exercise Price on such date of the Dilutive Issuance), then the Exercise Price shall be reduced to equal the Base Exercise Price. Such adjustment shall be made whenever such Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents are issued. The Company shall notify the Holder in writing, no later than the Trading Day following the issuance of any Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents subject to this Section 3(b), indicating therein the applicable issuance price, or applicable reset price, exchange price, exercise price, conversion price and other pricing terms (such notice, the “Dilutive Issuance Notice”). For purposes of clarification, whether or not the Company provides a Dilutive Issuance Notice pursuant to this Section 3(b), upon the occurrence of any Dilutive Issuance, the Holder is entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares based upon the Base Exercise Price on or after the date of such Dilutive Issuance, regardless of whether the Holder accurately refers to the Base Exercise Price in the Notice of Exercise.

(c) Subsequent Rights Offerings. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 3(a) above, if at any time the Company grants, issues or sells any Common Stock Equivalents or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to the record holders of any class of shares of Common Stock (the “Purchase Rights”), then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights (provided, however, that, to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Purchase Right would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Purchase Right to such extent (or beneficial ownership of such shares of Common Stock as a result of such Purchase Right to such extent) and such Purchase Right to such extent shall be held in abeyance for the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).

(d) Pro Rata Distributions. During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of shares of Common Stock, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including, without limitation, any distribution of cash, stock or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) (a “Distribution”), at any time after the issuance of this Warrant, then, in each such case, upon the exercise of this Warrant, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent that the Holder would have participated therein if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution (provided, however, that, to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Distribution would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to such extent (or in the beneficial ownership of any shares of Common Stock as a result of such Distribution to such extent) and the portion of such Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).

(e) Fundamental Transaction. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person, (ii) the Company (and all of its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole), directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of its assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Common Stock are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding Common Stock, (iv) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Common Stock or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property, or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off, merger or scheme of arrangement) with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires more than 50% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (not including any shares of Common Stock held by the other Person or other Persons making or party to, or associated or affiliated with the other Persons making or party to, such stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination)(each a “Fundamental Transaction”), then, upon any subsequent exercise of this Warrant, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, at the option of the Holder (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant), the number of shares of Common Stock of the successor or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the “Alternate Consideration”) receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock for which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant). For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one share of Common Stock in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction. The Company shall cause any successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company is not the survivor (the “Successor Entity”) to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant in accordance with the provisions of this Section 3(e) pursuant to written agreements in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Holder and approved by the Holder (without unreasonable delay) prior to such Fundamental Transaction and shall, at the option of the Holder, deliver to the Holder in exchange for this Warrant a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Warrant which is exercisable for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock of such Successor Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the shares of Common Stock acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and with an exercise price which applies the exercise price hereunder to such shares of capital stock (but taking into account the relative value of the shares of Common Stock pursuant to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such shares of capital stock, such number of shares of capital stock and such exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the economic value of this Warrant immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction), and which is reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Holder. Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall succeed to, and be substituted for (so that from and after the date of such Fundamental Transaction, the provisions of this Warrant referring to the “Company” shall refer instead to the Successor Entity), and may exercise every right and power of the Company and shall assume all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant with the same effect as if such Successor Entity had been named as the Company herein.

(f) Failure to Approve Issuances. In the event that the Company fails to obtain stockholder approval of this Warrant, or stockholder approval of any other of the agreements or instruments entered into between the Company and the Holder, by June 30, 2025, for the issuance of Common Stock in excess of 20% of the voting power and number of shares (as contemplated by NASDAQ rule 5635 and otherwise) of the Company under the Warrant and such agreements and instruments, the same will constitute a breach and default under this Warrant, and the Exercise Price shall be immediately adjusted to

$0.01 at the sole election of the Holder.

(g) Calculations. All calculations under this Section 3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For purposes of this Section 3, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.

(h) Notice to Holder.

(i) Adjustment to Exercise Price. Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section 3, the Company shall promptly deliver to the Holder by email a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment to the number of Warrant Shares and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment.

(ii) If (A) the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the Common Stock, (B) the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Common Stock, (C) the Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Common Stock rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any stockholders of the Company shall be required in connection with any reclassification of the Common Stock, any consolidation or merger to which the Company is a party, any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Common Stock is converted into other securities, cash or property, or (E) the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered by email to the Holder at its last email address as it shall appear upon the Warrant Register of the Company, at least 10 calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Common Stock of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of the Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of the Common Stock for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange; provided that the failure to mail such notice or any defect therein or in the mailing thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be specified in such notice. To the extent that any notice required by this Warrant constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file the material terms of such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K. The Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant during the period commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise be expressly set forth herein.

(iii) Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 3(a) through 3(g) above, whenever any event requiring an adjustment to the Exercise Price or the number of shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall occur prior to the date on which the Exercise Price or the number of shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be determined pursuant to the terms of this Warrant, such adjustment shall be effected upon the determination of the Exercise Price or number of shares, as the case may be, and any notice thereof to the Holder required by Section 3(g) shall thereafter be promptly provided to the Holder pursuant to Section 3(g).

Section 4. Transfer of Warrant.

(a) Transferability. Subject to compliance with any applicable securities laws, and the conditions set forth in Section 4(d) hereof, this Warrant and all rights hereunder are transferable, in whole or in part, upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company or its designated agent, together with a written assignment of this Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay any transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer. Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name of the assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations specified in such instrument of assignment and shall issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the Holder delivers an assignment form to the Company assigning this Warrant in full. The Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be exercised by a new holder for the purchase of Warrant Shares without having a new Warrant issued.

(b) New Warrants. This Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation hereof at the aforesaid office of the Company, together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or its agent or attorney. Subject to compliance with Section 4(a), as to any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange for the Warrant or Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges shall be dated the initial issuance date of this Warrant and shall be identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant Shares issuable pursuant thereto.

(c) Warrant Register. The Company shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Company for that purpose (the “Warrant Register”), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company may deem and treat the registered Holder of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.

(d) Transfer Restrictions. If, at the time of the surrender of this Warrant in connection with any transfer of this Warrant, the transfer of this Warrant shall not be either (i) registered pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act and under applicable state securities or blue sky laws or (ii) eligible for resale without volume or manner-of-sale restrictions or current public information requirements pursuant to Rule 144, the Company may require, as a condition of allowing such transfer, that the Holder or transferee of this Warrant, as the case may be, make usual and customary representations as to investment intent to the Company.

(e) Representation by the Holder. The Holder, by the acceptance hereof, represents and warrants that it is acquiring this Warrant and, upon any exercise hereof, will acquire the Warrant Shares issuable upon such exercise, for its own account and not with a view to or for distributing or reselling such Warrant Shares or any part thereof in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law, except pursuant to sales registered or exempted under the Securities Act.

Section 5. Miscellaneous.

(a) No Rights as Stockholder Until Exercise; No Settlement in Cash. This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights, dividends or other rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section 2(d)(i), except as expressly set forth in Section 3. Without limiting any rights of a Holder to receive Warrant Shares on a “cashless exercise” pursuant to Section 2(c) or to receive cash payments pursuant to Section 2(d)(i), Section 2(d)(iv) and Section 2(d)(v) herein, in no event shall the Company be required to net cash settle an exercise of this Warrant.

(b) Loss, Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant. The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any stock certificate relating to the Warrant Shares, and in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it (which, in the case of the Warrant, shall not include the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or stock certificate, if mutilated, the Company will make and deliver a new Warrant or stock certificate of like tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or stock certificate.

(c) Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.

(d) Authorized Shares.

(i) The Company covenants that, during the period the Warrant is outstanding, it will reserve from its authorized and unissued Common Stock five times (5x) the amount of shares issuable under this Warrant to provide for the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of any purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company further covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its officers who are charged with the duty of issuing the necessary Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company will take all such reasonable action as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares may be issued as provided herein without violation of any applicable law or regulation, or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the Common Stock may be listed. The Company covenants that all Warrant Shares which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant will, upon exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares in accordance herewith, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue thereof (other than taxes in respect of any transfer occurring contemporaneously with such issue).

(ii) Except and to the extent as waived or consented to by the Holder, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation, amending its certificate of incorporation or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, but will at all times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate to protect the rights of Holder as set forth in this Warrant against impairment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will (i) not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately prior to such increase in par value, (ii) take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant, and (iii) use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof, as may be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant.

(iii) Before taking any action which would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise Price, the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any public regulatory body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.

(e) Jurisdiction. This Warrant shall be governed by and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the State of New York without regard to the principles of conflicts of law. THE COMPANY AND THE HOLDER HEREBY WAIVE A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY ACTION, PROCEEDING OR COUNTERCLAIM BROUGHT BY EITHER OF THE PARTIES HERETO AGAINST THE OTHER IN RESPECT OF ANY MATTER ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS WARRANT. Any dispute, controversy, difference or claim that may arise between the Company and the Holder in connection with this Warrant; and all claims arising out of or relating to the validity, construction, interpretation, enforceability, breach, performance, application or termination of this Warrant, shall be submitted to binding arbitration governed by the rules of the American Arbitration Association. The seat of the arbitration shall be in the State and County of New York. There shall be only one arbitrator selected in accordance with the rules of the American Arbitration Association. The arbitration shall be conducted in English and may be conducted in a virtual setting. The arbitrator’s decision shall be final and binding and judgment may be entered thereon. Provided a party has made a sufficient showing under applicable law, the arbitrator shall have the freedom to invoke, and the parties agree to abide by, injunctive measures that either party submits in writing for arbitration claims requiring immediate relief. Additionally, nothing in this Section shall preclude either party from seeking equitable relief or interim or provisional relief from a court of competent jurisdiction, including a temporary restraining order, preliminary injunction or other equitable relief, concerning a dispute either prior to or during arbitration if necessary to protect the interests of such party or to preserve the status quo pending the arbitration proceeding. Each side must bear its own costs and legal fees during the pendency of the arbitration. A party’s failure to pay any costs or fees required to proceed in the arbitration, as they timely come due, shall result in an immediate default against that party. The prevailing party in the arbitration shall be entitled to recoup all its reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs from the nonprevailing, including, without limitation, all of its costs relating to the arbitration. The arbitrator’s final award shall include this assessment of costs and fees..

(f) Restrictions. The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered and if the Holder does not utilize cashless exercise, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities laws.

(g) Nonwaiver and Expenses. No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder shall operate as a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder’s rights, powers or remedies, notwithstanding the fact that all rights hereunder terminate on the Termination Date. If the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with any provision of this Warrant, which results in any material damages to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and expenses including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys’ fees, including those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder in collecting any amounts due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.

(h) Remedies. The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific performance of its rights under this Warrant. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert the defense in any action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.

(i) Notices. Any notice, request or other document required or permitted to be given or delivered to the either party to the other shall be delivered in by recognized overnight courier, facsimile or email as follows:

If to the Holder:

White Lion Capital, LLC, dba White Lion GBM Innovation Fund

21031 Ventura Blvd #920

Woodland Hills, CA 91364

Attn: Yash Thukral, Managing Director

E-mail: team@whitelioncapital.com

With a copy to (which shall not constitute notice or service of process):

Greenberg Traurig, P.A.

333 S.E. 2nd Avenue, Suite 4400

Miami, Florida 33131

Attention: John D. Owens, III, Esq.

E-mail: jo@gtlaw.com

If to the Company:

OSR Holdings, Inc.

10900 NE 4th Street, Suite 2300

Bellevue, WA

Attn: Kuk Hyoun Hwang, CEO

E-mail: peter.hwang@osr-holdings.com

(j) Limitation of Liability. No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to purchase Warrant Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase price of any Common Stock or as a stockholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company.

(k) Successors and Assigns. Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of Holder. The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant and shall be enforceable by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.

(l) Amendment. No provision of this Warrant may be waived, modified, supplemented or amended except in a written instrument signed, in the case of an amendment, by the Company and the Holder. No waiver of any default with respect to any provision, condition or requirement of this Warrant shall be deemed to be a continuing waiver in the future or a waiver of any subsequent default or a waiver of any other provision, condition or requirement hereof, nor shall any delay or omission of any party to exercise any right hereunder in any manner impair the exercise of any such right.

(m) Severability. Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.

(n) Headings. The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this Warrant.

(o) Electronic Signatures. Electronically scanned and transmitted signatures, including by email attachment, shall be deemed originals for all purposes of this Warrant.

********************

(Signature Page Follows)

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.

	OSR HOLDINGS, INC.

	By:	/s/ Kuk Hyoun Hwang
	Name:	Kuk Hyoun Hwang
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer

Acknowledged and accepted by the Holder:

WHITE LION CAPITAL, LLC, DBA WHITE LION GBM INNOVATION FUND

By:	/s/ Yash Thukral
Name:	Yash Thukral
Title:	Managing Director

NOTICE OF EXERCISE

TO: OSR HOLDINGS, INC.

(1)

The undersigned hereby elects to purchase Warrant Shares of the Company (constituting of the Available Share Amount) pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant (only if exercised in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.

(2)

Payment shall take the form of (check applicable box):

in lawful money of the United States; or

if permitted the cancellation of such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in subsection 2(c), to exercise this Warrant with respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise procedure set forth in subsection 2(c).

(3)

(Optional) If the exercise is being done cashlessly, the net number of shares to be received is

(4) Please issue said Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified:

(5) The Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the undersigned’s account with the following transfer agent:

[SIGNATURE OF HOLDER]

Name of Investing Entity:

Signature of Authorized

Signatory of Investing Entity:

Name of Authorized Signatory:

Title of Authorized Signatory:

Date:

ASSIGNMENT FORM

(To assign the foregoing Warrant, execute this form and supply required information. Do not use this form to purchase shares.)

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to

Name:
			(Please Print)

Address:
			(Please Print)

Phone Number:

Email Address:
Dated:

Holder’s Signature:

Holder’s Address:

EX-10.4 5 ea026452101ex10-4_osrhold.htm AMENDMENT NO. 1 TO COMMON STOCK PURCHASE AGREEMENT, BETWEEN OSR HOLDINGS, INC. AND WHITE LION CAPITAL LLC

Exhibit 10.4

AMENDMENT NO. 1

COMMON STOCK PURCHASE AGREEMENT

BETWEEN

OSR HOLDINGS INC.

AND

WHITE LION CAPITAL, LLC,

DBA WHITE LION GBM INNOVATION FUND

THIS AMENDMENT NO. 1 TO COMMON STOCK PURCHASE AGREEMENT (this “Amendment”), effective May 6, 2025 (the “Amendment Effective Date”), is by and between OSR Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and White Lion Capital, LLC, dba White Lion GBM Innovation Fund, a Nevada limited liability company (the “Investor”), and amends the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, dated February 25, 2025, by and between the Company and the Investor (the “Agreement”). All capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the respective meanings ascribed to them in the Agreement.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises, the mutual covenants contained herein, and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:

Amendments to Article VI.

Sections 6.3 and 6.4 of Article VI of the Agreement are hereby amended and restated in their entirety as follows as of the Amendment Effective Date:

Section 6.3 FILING OF REGISTRATION STATEMENT. The Company shall file with the SEC, within thirty (30) days after the closing of the Business Combination, a new Registration Statement on Form S-1 (the “Registration Statement”) in compliance with the terms of the Registration Rights Agreement, covering only the resale of the Resale Securities by the Investor. The Registration Statement shall relate to the transactions contemplated by, and describing the material terms and conditions of, this Agreement and disclosing all information relating to the transactions contemplated hereby required to be disclosed in the Registration Statement and the prospectus supplement as of the date of the Registration Statement, including, without limitation, information required to be disclosed in the section captioned “Plan of Distribution” in the Registration Statement. The Company shall permit the Investor to review and comment upon the Registration Statement within a reasonable time prior to its filing with the SEC, the Company shall give reasonable consideration to all such comments, and the Company shall not file the Current Report or the Registration Statement with the SEC in a form to which the Investor reasonably objects. The Investor shall furnish to the Company such information regarding itself, the Company’s securities beneficially owned by the Investor and the intended method of distribution thereof, including any arrangement between the Investor and any other person or relating to the sale or distribution of the Company’s securities, as shall be reasonably requested by the Company in connection with the preparation and filing of the Current Report and the Registration Statement, and shall otherwise cooperate with the Company as reasonably requested by the Company in connection with the preparation and filing of the Current Report and the Registration Statement with the SEC. The Company shall have no knowledge of any untrue statement (or alleged untrue statement) of a material fact or omission (or alleged omission) of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, in any pre-existing registration statement filed or any new registration statement or prospectus which is a part of the foregoing. The Company shall promptly give the Investor notice of any event (including the passage of time) which makes the final prospectus not to be in compliance with Section 5(b) or 10 of the Securities Act and shall use its best efforts thereafter to file with the SEC any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement, amended prospectus or prospectus supplement in order to comply with Section 5(b) or 10 of the Securities Act.

Section 6.4 COMMITMENT SHARES. In consideration for the Investor’s execution and delivery of, and agreement to perform under this Agreement, the Company shall (i) cause the Transfer Agent to issue an amount of shares of Common Stock equal to $800,000 divided by the closing price of the Common Stock on the Commitment Shares Determination Date (the “Initial Commitment Shares”) and (ii) issue to the Investor the Warrant to purchase $4,000,000 of shares of Common Stock, to the Investor as a commitment fee. The Initial Commitment Shares and the Warrant Shares issuable upon the exercise of the Warrant are collectively referred to herein as the “Commitment Shares”. For the avoidance of doubt, all of the Initial Commitment Shares and the Warrant shall be fully earned as of the Execution Date, and the issuance of the Initial Commitment Shares and the Warrant is not contingent upon any other event or condition, including, without limitation, the Company’s submission of a Purchase Notice to the Investor, the filing of a Registration Statement, and irrespective of any termination of this Agreement. The Company shall include on the Registration Statement filed with the SEC, all Commitment Shares. In the event that the Company does not promptly issue the Initial Commitment Shares to the Investor within at least two (2) Business Days after the Commitment Shares Determination Date, or the Warrant to the Investor on May 6, 2025, or if the Company fails to include all of the Commitment Shares on the initial Registration Statement filed with the SEC, in addition to all other remedies at law or in equity or otherwise under this Agreement, the Company shall be obligated to pay to the Investor liquidated damages of $800,000, being immediately due and payable to the Investor at its election in the form of cash payment.

Amendments to Article I.

The following terms shall be added to Article I of the Agreement as of the Amendment Effective Date:

“Resale Securities” shall mean the Purchase Notice Shares issued to the Investor by the Company pursuant to this Agreement, the Warrant Shares and the Commitment Shares.

“Warrant” shall mean that Common Stock Purchase Warrant issued by the Company to the Investor on May 6, 2025, the form of which is attached here to as Exhibit E.

“Warrant Shares” shall mean those shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrant.

The following terms in Article I of the Agreement shall be amended and restated as follows as of the Amendment Effective Date:

“Securities” mean the Purchase Notice Shares issued to the Investor by the Company pursuant to this Agreement, the Commitment Shares, the Warrant Shares and the Warrant.

“Transaction Documents” shall mean this Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement, the Warrant and all schedules and exhibits hereto and thereto.

Amendment to Section 10.14.

Section 10.14 of the Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its entirety as follows as of the Amendment Effective Date:

Section 10.14 AMENDMENTS; WAIVERS. (i) No provision of this Agreement may be amended other than by a written instrument signed by both parties hereto and (ii) no provision of this Agreement may be waived other than in a written instrument signed by the party against whom enforcement of such waiver is sought. No failure or delay in the exercise of any power, right or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such power, right or privilege preclude other or further exercise thereof or of any other right, power or privilege.

Amendment to Exhibits.

Exhibit A attached hereto shall be added as Exhibit E to the Agreement.

5. Representations and Warranties. Each of the Investor and the Company represents and warrants that it has the authority and legal right to execute, deliver and carry out the terms of this Amendment, that such actions were duly authorized by all necessary entity action and that the officers executing this Amendment on its behalf were similarly authorized and empowered and that this Amendment does not contravene any provisions of its articles of incorporation, bylaws, certificate of formation, limited liability company agreement or other formation documents, as applicable, or of any contract or agreement to which it is a party or by which any of its properties are bound.

Miscellaneous.

(a) Except as modified by this Amendment, the Agreement continues in full force and effect in accordance with its terms.

(b) This Amendment shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York as set forth in Section 10.1 of the Agreement and the dispute resolution provisions set forth in Section 10.16 of the Agreement.

(c) This Amendment may be executed in any number of counterparts and by electronic transmission (which shall bind the parties hereto), each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement.

** signature page follows **

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amendment to be duly executed by their respective authorized officer as of the Amendment Effective Date.

	OSR HOLDINGS INC.

	By:	/s/ Kuk Hyoun Hwang
	Name:	Kuk Hyoun Hwang
	Title: Chief Executive Officer

	WHITE LION CAPITAL, LLC
	DBA/ WHITE LION GBM INNOVATION FUND

	By:	/s/ Yash Thukral
	Name:	Yash Thukral
	Title:	Managing Director

Exhibit A

EXHIBIT E

FORM OF WARRANT

EX-31.1 6 ea026452101ex31-1_osrhold.htm CERTIFICATION

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a)

OR RULE 15d-14(a) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED

I, Kuk Hyoun Hwang, certify that:

I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of OSR Holdings, Inc.;

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 12, 2025	By:	/s/ Kuk Hyoun Hwang
	Name:	Kuk Hyoun Hwang
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2 7 ea026452101ex31-2_osrhold.htm CERTIFICATION

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a)

OR RULE 15d-14(a) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED

I, Gihyoun Bang, certify that:

I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of OSR Holdings, Inc.;

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 12, 2025	By:	/s/ Gihyoun Bang
	Name:	Gihyoun Bang
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32.1 8 ea026452101ex32-1_osrhold.htm CERTIFICATION

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of OSR Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Kuk Hyoun Hwang, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to my knowledge, that:

The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: November 12, 2025	By:	/s/ Kuk Hyoun Hwang
		Kuk Hyoun Hwang
		Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

This Certification is being furnished solely to accompany the Report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and shall not be deemed “filed” by the Company for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and shall not be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date of this Report, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EX-32.2 9 ea026452101ex32-2_osrhold.htm CERTIFICATION

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of OSR Holdings Incorporated (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Gihyoun Bang, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to my knowledge, that:

The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: November 12, 2025	By:	/s/ Gihyoun Bang
		Gihyoun Bang
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)