UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 8-K
CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 OR 15(d) of The Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported) October 12, 2025
| Brag House Holdings, Inc. |
| (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) |
| Delaware | 001-42525 | 87-4032622 | ||
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation) |
(Commission File Number) | (IRS Employer Identification No.) |
| 45 Park Street, Montclair, NJ | 07042 | |
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (413) 398-2845
| N/A |
| (Former name or former address, if changed since last report.) |
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:
| ☐ | Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425) |
| ☐ | Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12) |
| ☐ | Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b)) |
| ☐ | Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c)) |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||
| Common Stock, $0.0001 par value | TBH | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).
Emerging Growth Company ☒
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Item 1.01 Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement.
The Merger Agreement
Brag House Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Brag House” or “Purchaser”), has entered into a Merger Agreement dated as of October 12, 2025 (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among Purchaser, House of Doge, Inc., a Texas Corporation (“House of Doge” or the “Company”), and Brag House Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and direct wholly owned subsidiary of Purchaser (“Merger Sub”). The Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby were unanimously approved by the respective boards of directors of both Brag House and House of Doge. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein, among other things, the Company will merge (the “Merger”) with and into Merger Sub, with the Company continuing as the surviving entity and a wholly owned subsidiary of Purchaser.
In exchange for the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock and the Company’s outstanding restricted stock units (“RSUs”), Brag House will issue shares of its common stock and a new class of preferred stock (that will be convertible into shares of common stock) and RSUs constituting an aggregate of approximately 663,250,176 shares of its common stock, on a fully diluted basis, to House of Doge’s shareholders and RSU holders, provided that any shares of its common stock that House of Doge issues to non-affiliates in arms-length commercial business transactions it negotiates in good faith in the ordinary course of business prior to the effective time of the Merger (the “Effective Time”) will also be exchanged in the Merger and, therefore, cause the number of shares of common stock that Brag House issues in the Merger to proportionately increase. House of Doge will also issue 9,000,000 shares of its common stock to Lavell Juan Malloy, II, Brag House’s CEO, and certain other individuals or representatives of Brag House to be identified by Brag House (the “Purchaser Representatives”) prior to the closing (the “Closing”) of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement (the “Transactions”). Upon consummation of the Merger, House of Doge will become the majority shareholder of Brag House. Following the Merger, Brag House’s common stock shall continue to be listed on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) and Brag House will be renamed “House of Doge Inc.”
Specifically, the Merger Agreement provides for, among other things, the following:
| (i) | House of Doge will merge with and into Merger Sub, with House of Doge continuing as the surviving entity and a wholly owned subsidiary of Brag House. |
| (ii) | At the Effective Time, each share of House of Doge common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (other than shares held by House of Doge as treasury stock) will automatically be converted into the right to receive that number of shares of Brag House common stock equal to the Exchange Ratio (as such term is defined in the Merger Agreement). |
| (iii) | At the Effective Time, each vested House of Doge RSU issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time will automatically be converted into the right to receive that number of shares of Brag House common stock equal to the Exchange Ratio. |
| (iv) | At the Effective Time, each unvested House of Doge RSU issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time will automatically be converted into the right to receive such number of Brag House RSUs equal to the Exchange Ratio, which Brag House RSUs shall otherwise have substantially the same terms of such unvested House of Doge RSUs immediately prior to the Effective Time, including with respect to vesting. |
Provided, however, that certain stockholders identified by the Company will receive shares of a to-be-authorized class of Brag House’s preferred stock in lieu of some or all of the shares of Brag House common stock that they would otherwise be entitled to, at their option, provided that (i) the number of shares of Brag House common stock that they would hold at the Effective Time is no more than 4.99% of the number of shares of Brag House common stock outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time and (ii) such a Company stockholder that does not make such an election will receive solely shares of the new class of preferred stock in exchange for their shares of Company common stock, in each case in an amount such that the number of shares of Brag House common stock into which the shares of preferred stock are convertible will equal the number of shares of common stock to which they would have otherwise been entitled had they not received the preferred stock in lieu of shares of Brag House common stock.
The Merger Agreement provides that Brag House will file with the Delaware Secretary of State the Certificate of Designation to create the new series of preferred stock. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, it is intended that the holders of such shares of preferred stock will have voting and dividend rights and rights upon liquidation equal to holders of the common stock and will vote with the common stock as a single class, in each case on an as-converted basis.
Officers and Directors Following the Merger
Effective as of the Effective Time, the directors, except for Mr. Malloy, and the officers of Brag House will resign and the board of directors of Brag House will consist of Mr. Malloy and six other members as designated by House of Doge, provided that at least four of such six designees must qualify as “independent directors” under the listing rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”). As of the Effective Time, Marco Margiotta, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, will be the Chief Executive Officer of Purchaser, Charles Park, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, will be the Chief Financial Officer of Purchaser, and Mark Lau, the Company’s Chief Legal Officer, will be the Secretary of Purchaser.
In connection with the Merger, the parties agreed that the employment agreements between Purchaser and each Purchaser Representative will be amended and restated, to become effective on the Effective Date, upon terms mutually agreeable by each such Purchaser Representative, Purchaser and the Company, and that Purchaser will use its reasonable best efforts to negotiate and cause each Purchaser Representative to execute an amended and restated employment agreement as promptly as practicable, but in no case after November 26, 2025. In this regard, each of Mr. Malloy, Chetan Jindal, Purchaser’s Chief Financial Officer, and Daniel Leibovich, Purchaser’s Chief Operating Officer, entered into, concurrently with the Merger Agreement, a Conditional Consent and Limited Waiver with Brag House and House of Doge and pursuant to which, in connection with Purchaser’s entry into the Merger Agreement, each such executive agreed (i) to waive any of his entitlements to severance or termination-without-cause or change-of-control benefits and (ii) that provisions of his existing employment agreement governing annual equity awards and fringe benefits, perquisites and vacations, as they relate to “unlimited paid vacation days per calendar year,” will no longer be operative. Such waivers shall be automatically canceled until the earlier of (i) the effectiveness of the Executive’s new employment agreement, (ii) the termination, cancellation or abandonment of the Transactions, or (iii) mutual consent of the parties. The Conditional Consent and Limited Waivers also provide that each executive’s stock options issued pursuant to Purchaser’s stock option plan shall be deemed fully vested upon Brag House’s execution of the Merger Agreement.
Existing Business of Brag House
Despite their resignation as officers of Brag House, the Merger Agreement provides that Brag House’s current officers will continue their function as senior management personnel of Purchaser in roles, functions and other management capacities with respect to Brag House’s businesses and operations prior to the Closing (the “Purchaser Legacy Business”), which House of Doge agreed will operate or continue to operate as a division or out of a subsidiary of Purchaser after the Closing. We expect, however, that the Purchaser Legacy Business will continue to operate out of its existing Brag House Inc. subsidiary, and that Mr. Malloy will continue to serve as Chief Executive Officer of such subsidiary.
Brag House and House of Doge also agreed that: (i) at all times from the execution of the Merger Agreement until the earlier of the Closing and the termination of the Agreement in accordance with its terms (the “Interim Period”), Brag House’s operating account shall contain a minimum available cash balance of at least $1.2 million (or $4.9 million if adjusted in connection with any sales by Brag House of its equity securities, as discussed below); (ii) at the Effective Time, the Purchaser Legacy Business shall be allocated direct, unrestricted access to cash in the amount of $4.9 million less operating expenses actually incurred by the Purchaser Legacy Business in the ordinary course of business from August 1, 2025 through July 31, 2026, which $4.9 million amount shall not be modified without the prior written consent of Mr. Malloy, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld; and (iii) prior to August 1, 2026, the Purchaser Legacy Business and House of Doge shall mutually agree upon a new working capital budget for the period commencing August 1, 2026 to July 31, 2027, which budget shall include the balance of any funds remaining available from the figure set forth in clause (i) above.
Conditions to the Merger
The obligations of each of the Company and Purchaser to consummate the Merger and the other Transactions are subject to specified conditions, including, among other matters: (i) receipt of any necessary stockholder approvals in connection with the Merger Agreement and the Transactions; (ii) the Registration Statement (as defined below) having been declared effective, and no stop order concerning the Registration Statement being in effect; (iii) Brag House’s common stock having been continually listed on Nasdaq through the date of Closing and its Nasdaq listing application in connection with the Transactions having been approved; (iv) the parties to the Merger Agreement having received all governmental approvals necessary to consummate the Transactions; (v) there having been no material adverse effects with respect to Brag House or House of Doge; (vi) each of Brag House and House of Doge having performed, in all material respects, all of the obligations and covenants required to be performed by them at or before the Closing; (vii) the representations and warranties of each of Brag House and House of Doge being true and correct, subject to the limitations set forth in the Merger Agreement; and (viii) there not being in effect any law, decree, order or injunction of a governmental authority of competent jurisdiction that prohibits the consummation of the Transactions.
Termination
The Merger Agreement may be terminated at any time prior to the Effective Time: (i) by the mutual written consent of Purchaser and the Company; (ii) by either Purchaser or the Company if the Transactions have not been consummated by March 31, 2026 (the “Termination Date”), unless the failure to so close is caused by the terminating party’s breach of the Merger Agreement, provided that in the absence of any such breach, if the Registration Statement has not been declared effective 60 days prior to the Termination Date, than either Purchaser or the Company can extend the Termination Date by an additional 60 days; (iii) by either Purchaser or the Company if a governmental order or law permanently prevents the consummation of the Transactions and any such order has become final and non-appealable; (iv) by the Company if Purchaser breaches any representations, warranties, covenants, or agreements under the Merger Agreement that would cause a failure of certain Closing conditions, and such breach is not cured within specified timeframes; (v) by the Company if Purchaser fails to consummate the Closing within five business days after notice from the Company of such satisfaction and that the Company is ready, willing, and able to consummate the Transactions; (vi) by the Company if Purchaser becomes unable to file the Registration Statement; (vii) by the Company if the Brag House common stock is delisted from Nasdaq; (viii) by the Company if at any meeting of its stockholders to do so, Purchaser is unable to obtain any required stockholder approvals; (ix) by Purchaser if the Company breaches its representations, warranties, covenants, or agreements under the Merger Agreement that would cause a failure of certain Closing conditions, and such breach is not cured within specified timeframes; (x) by Purchaser if the Company fails to consummate the Closing within three business days after notice from Purchaser of such satisfaction and that Purchaser is ready, willing, and able to consummate the Transactions; and (xi) by Purchaser if, prior to the receipt of any required approvals of its stockholders in connection with the Merger Agreement, its board of directors changes its recommendation that stockholders approve all proposals relating to the Merger Agreement and the Transactions in respect of a Superior Proposal, as defined in the Merger Agreement, or certain material developments.
If the Merger Agreement is validly terminated pursuant to its terms, then, except as provided below, it shall become void and of no further force and effect, with no liability (except as provided below) on the part of any party (or any stockholder, affiliate or representative of such party), except that any such termination will not relieve any party from liability if such termination results from (i) fraud or (ii) the willful and material (A) failure of any party to perform its covenants, obligations or agreements contained in the Merger Agreement or (B) breach by any party of its representations or warranties contained in the Merger Agreement.
If House of Doge terminates the Merger Agreement pursuant to the terms thereof, other than for failure to consummate the Transactions by the Termination Date or if consummation is legally prohibited, Brag House must pay House of Doge $9.0 million (the “Termination Fee”).
If Brag House terminates the Merger Agreement because its board of directors has changed its recommendation to stockholders to approve proposals related to the Merger Agreement and the Transactions, then Brag House must pay House of Doge the Termination Fee.
If Brag House terminates the Merger Agreement as a result of House of Doge’s breach or failure to consummate the Closing within three business days of Brag House’s providing the requisite notice, then House of Doge must pay Brag House the Termination Fee.
In addition, if a Superior Proposal with respect to Purchaser is publicly announced, disclosed or otherwise communicated to House of Doge prior to the termination of the Merger Agreement and is not withdrawn, and within 12 months after the Merger Agreement is terminated, Brag House (i) executes a transaction in respect of the Superior Proposal or (ii) such transaction is consummated or withdrawn, terminated or otherwise discontinued for any reason, then Brag House must pay House of Doge the Termination Fee upon such execution, consummation, withdrawal, termination or other discontinuation.
Representations and Warranties; Covenants
Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, the parties made customary representations and warranties for transactions of this type.
The Merger Agreement also includes customary covenants of Purchaser and the Company including, among other things, (i) the conduct of their respective business operations prior to the consummation of the Transactions, (ii) to promptly take all actions and do all things necessary to consummate the Transactions, including using their best efforts to obtain all necessary actions, approvals and consents of, and avoid a lawsuit, inquiry, lawsuit and similar proceeding by, applicable governmental authorities, (iii) to prepare and mutually agree upon the registration statement of Brag House required to be filed in connection with the Transactions (the “Registration Statement”), which will contain a proxy statement/prospectus of Brag House, which Brag House shall file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) by November 26, 2025, and (iv) to use commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Merger to qualify as a “reorganization” for federal tax purposes. The Registration Statement will also cover the resale of the 9,000,000 shares of Brag House common stock to be issued to the Purchaser Representatives. The Merger Agreement also contains additional covenants of the parties, including covenants providing for Brag House to file with Nasdaq, if necessary, an initial listing application with respect to its common stock and to cause such initial listing application to be conditionally approved, prior to the Effective Time, and for House of Doge to cooperate with respect to such listing application.
Brag House also agreed to use reasonable best efforts to negotiate and cause each Purchaser Representative to execute a voting support agreement with commercially reasonable terms as promptly as practicable following but in no case later than November 26, 2025.
Loan
The Merger Agreement provides that Brag House will extend to House of Doge an $8.0 million loan at an annual interest rate of 5.0%, with repayment due six months from the date of a note executed by House of Doge in favor of Brag House, with the loan secured by assets of House of Doge worth at least the principal amount thereof, as determined by Brag House. The Merger Agreement provides that House of Doge will use the proceeds of the loan to pay amounts outstanding under an existing loan with another entity. In addition, Brag House must make the net proceeds of any offering of its equity securities during the Interim Period available to House of Doge within two business days of Brag House’s receipt thereof, and the principal balance of the loan will be increased proportionately to account for the amount of any such proceeds made available to House of Doge, provided that, if the outstanding balance of the loan shall exceed $50 million, the minimum cash balance amount of Brag House’s operating account during the Interim Period, as discussed under “- Existing Business of Brag House,” will be automatically set at $4.9 million.
The Merger Agreement is filed as Exhibit 2.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and the foregoing description thereof is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Merger Agreement. The Merger Agreement provides investors with information regarding its terms and is not intended to provide any other factual information about the parties. In particular, the assertions embodied in the representations and warranties contained in the Merger Agreement were made as of the execution date of the Merger Agreement only. Further, the Merger Agreement provides that such representations and warranties are qualified by information in confidential disclosure schedules provided by the parties to each other on the date of the Merger Agreement. Although the parties did not actually provide such disclosure schedules, we expect that they will do so in connection with entering into an amendment to the, or an amended and restated, Merger Agreement. These disclosure schedules will contain information that modifies, qualifies, and creates exceptions to the representations and warranties set forth in the Merger Agreement. Moreover, certain representations and warranties in the Merger Agreement may have been used for the purpose of allocating risk between the parties rather than establishing matters of fact. Accordingly, you should not rely on the representations and warranties in the Merger Agreement as characterizations of the actual statements of fact about the parties.
Loan Documents
Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, On October 14, 2025, Brag House loaned to House of Doge $8,000,000 (the “Loan”), which was evidenced by a secured promissory note (the “Note”) issued by House of Doge in favor of Brag House. Under the terms of the Note, House of Doge can borrow up to $8,000,000 from Brag House, with $4,500,000 being loaned to House of Doge on October 14, 2025 and the remaining $3,500,000 available for borrowing during the six-month term of the Note. The Note provides that House of Doge can request advances of the remaining amount of the Loan during the Interim Period by delivering written notice to Brag House. Brag House disbursed the entire $8.0 million amount of the Loan on October 14, 2025. Pursuant to House of Doge’s instructions, Brag House disbursed directly to the lender $3,516,109.52 to pay off existing debt of House of Doge and the remaining amount of the Loan directly to House of Doge.
The Loan accrues interest at a rate of 5% per annum and matures upon the earlier of (i) April 14, 2026 and (ii) the occurrence of an Event of Default, as defined in the Note (in most cases, with notice from Brag House to House of Doge). House of Doge’s obligations under the Note are secured by collateral specified in the Security Agreement and the IP Security Agreement (each as defined below), subject to certain permitted liens.
In connection with the Loan, on October 14, 2025, House of Doge and each of its wholly-owned subsidiaries as guarantors (the “Guarantors”) entered into a Security Agreement in favor of Brag House (the “Security Agreement”), pursuant to which, among other things, the Guarantors granted Brag House a first priority lien and security interest in the collateral listed therein. In addition, House of Doge entered into a separate Intellectual Property Security Agreement, dated as of October 14, 2025, in favor of Brag House (the “IP Security Agreement”), pursuant to which House of Doge granted to Brag House a security interest in certain intellectual property of House of Doge as set forth therein. Further, each of the Guarantors executed a Guarantee, dated as of October 14, 2025, in favor of Brag House pursuant (the “Guarantee”) to which each Guarantor guaranteed the full and punctual payment when due and performance of all of House of Doge’s and the other Guarantors’ debts, liabilities and obligations pursuant to the Note and any other documents relating thereto.
The foregoing descriptions of the Note, the Security Agreement and the IP Security Agreement are not complete and are qualified in their entirety by reference to the full text of the Note, the Security Agreement, the IP Security Agreement, and the Guarantee, copies of which are filed as Exhibits 10.4, 10.5, 10.6, and 10.7, respectively, to this Current Report on Form 8-K.
Item 7.01 Regulation FD Disclosure.
On October 13, 2025, the parties issued a press release to announce that they had entered into the Merger Agreement. A copy of the press release is furnished as Exhibit 99.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K.
The information furnished pursuant to this Item 7.01 (including Exhibit 99.1) shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), except as expressly set forth by specific reference in such a filing.
Important Information and Where to Find It
This Current Report on Form 8-K relates to a proposed transaction between Purchaser and the Company. This Current Report on Form 8-K does not constitute an offer to sell or exchange, or the solicitation of an offer to buy or exchange, any securities, nor shall there be any sale of securities in any jurisdiction in which such offer, sale or exchange would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such jurisdiction. In connection with the Transactions, Brag House intends to file relevant materials with the SEC, including the Registration Statement, which will include a proxy statement/prospectus. The proxy statement/prospectus will be sent to all Purchaser and all Company stockholders. Purchaser also will file other documents regarding the Transactions with the SEC. Before making any voting or investment decision, investors and security holders of Purchaser and the Company are urged to read the Registration Statement, the proxy statement/prospectus and all other relevant documents filed or that will be filed with the SEC in connection with the Transactions as they become available because they will contain important information about the Transactions.
Investors and security holders will be able to obtain free copies of the Registration Statement, including the proxy statement/prospectus, and all other relevant documents filed or that will be filed with the SEC by Purchaser through the website maintained by the SEC at www.sec.gov or by directing a request via email at ir@thebraghouse.com.
Participants in the Solicitation
Purchaser, the Company, and their respective directors and executive officers may be deemed to be participants in the solicitation of proxies from Purchaser’s stockholders in connection with the Transactions. A list of the names of such directors and executive officers of Purchaser, information regarding their interests in the Transactions and their ownership of the Company’s securities are, or will be, contained in Purchaser’s filings with the SEC, and such information and names of Purchaser and the Company’s directors and executive officers will also be in the Registration Statement that Purchaser will file with the SEC. You may obtain free copies of these documents as described in the preceding paragraph.
Non-Solicitation
This Current Report on Form 8-K is not a proxy statement or solicitation of a proxy, consent or authorization with respect to any securities or in respect of the Transactions and shall not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy the securities of Brag House or any successor entity thereof, nor shall there be any offer, solicitation, or sale of any such securities in any state or jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation, or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of such state or jurisdiction. No offer of securities shall be made except by means of a prospectus meeting the requirements of the Securities Act.
Forward-Looking Statements
This Current Report on Form 8-K contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws with respect to the proposed transactions between Brag House and House of Doge, including statements regarding the benefits of the proposed transactions and the anticipated timing of the completion of the proposed transactions. These forward-looking statements generally are identified by the words “believe,” “project,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “strategy,” “future,” “opportunity,” “plan,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “will be,” “will continue,” “will likely result,” and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are predictions, projections and other statements about future events that are based on current expectations and assumptions and, as a result, are subject to risks and uncertainties. Many factors could cause actual future events to differ materially from the forward-looking statements in this document, including, but not limited to: (i) the risk that the Transactions may not be completed in a timely manner or at all; (ii) the failure to satisfy the conditions to the consummation of the Transactions, including the receipt of necessary stockholder and governmental approvals; (iii) the occurrence of any event, change or other circumstance that could give rise to the termination of the Merger Agreement; (iv) the effect of the announcement or pendency of the proposed transactions on Brag House’s and House of Doge’s business relationships, performance, and business generally; (v) risks that the Transactions disrupt current plans and operations of Brag House and/or House of Doge as a result; (vi) the ability to recognize the anticipated benefits of the Transactions; (vii) the ability to implement business plans, forecasts, and other expectations after the completion of the Transactions; and (viii) the risk of needing to raise additional capital to execute business plans, which may not be available on acceptable terms or at all. The foregoing list of factors is not exhaustive. You should carefully consider the foregoing factors and the other risks and uncertainties described in the “Risk Factors” section of Brag House’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, the Registration Statement and proxy statement/prospectus discussed above and other documents filed by Brag House from time to time with the SEC. These filings identify and address other important risks and uncertainties that could cause actual events and results to differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made. Readers are cautioned not to put undue reliance on forward-looking statements, and Brag House and House of Doge assume no obligation and do not intend to update or revise these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, other than as required by law. Neither Brag House nor House of Doge can give any assurance that either Brag House or House of Doge will achieve its expectations.
Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.
(d) Exhibits
| + | Certain of the exhibits and schedules to this Exhibit have been omitted in accordance with Regulation S-K Item 601(b)(2). The Registrant agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of all omitted exhibits and schedules to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon its request. |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
| Date: October 17, 2025 | BRAG HOUSE HOLDINGS, INC. | |
| /s/ Lavell Juan Malloy, II | ||
| Name: | Lavell Juan Malloy, II | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | |
Exhibit 2.1
MERGER AGREEMENT
by and among
BRAG HOUSE HOLDINGS, INC.,
BRAG HOUSE MERGER SUB, INC.
and
HOUSE OF DOGE INC.
*****
October 12, 2025
MERGER AGREEMENT
THIS MERGER AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) is made and entered into as of October 12, 2025 (the “Execution Date”), by and among BRAG HOUSE HOLDINGS, INC., a Delaware corporation (“Purchaser”), BRAG HOUSE MERGER SUB, INC., a Delaware corporation (“Merger Sub”), and HOUSE OF DOGE INC., a Texas corporation (the “Company”). Purchaser, Merger Sub, and the Company may each be referred to hereinafter as a “Party” and, collectively, as the “Parties.”
RECITALS
WHEREAS, Purchaser desires to acquire the Company (and indirectly its wholly-owned subsidiaries as listed on Section 4.1(b) of the Company Disclosure Schedule (the “Company Subsidiaries”)) via the reverse merger of the Company whereby, on the Closing Date (as hereinafter defined) and upon the terms and subject to subject to the conditions of this Agreement and in accordance with the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”) and the Texas Business Organizations Code (the “BOC”), Merger Sub will merge with and into the Company (the “Merger,” and together with the other transactions contemplated hereby, the “Transactions”), with the Company surviving the Merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of Purchaser;
WHEREAS, in connection with the Merger, Purchaser will issue the following securities to (i) certain Company Stockholders (as hereinafter defined) in exchange for their shares of common stock, no par value per share, of the Company (the “Company Shares”), up to an aggregate of 594,000,000 shares of its common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Purchaser Common Stock”); (ii) certain Company Stockholders, shares of Class C Convertible Preferred Stock (“Class C Preferred Stock”) in exchange for their Company Shares; and (iii) the holders of vested Company RSUs (as hereinafter defined), shares of Purchaser Common Stock, in accordance with and pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement;
WHEREAS, in connection with the Merger, Purchaser will reserve for issuance and will issue upon vesting to holders of unvested Company RSUs unvested Purchaser RSUs in exchange for their unvested Company RSUs, in accordance with and pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement (each, an “Exchange RSU”);
WHEREAS, in connection with the Merger, Purchaser will reserve for issuance the Merger Shares issuable pursuant to the Exchange RSUs;
WHEREAS, in connection with the Merger, Purchaser will also issue to Lavell Juan Malloy, II and certain other individuals or representatives of Purchaser to be identified by Purchaser prior to the Closing (as hereinafter defined) (“Purchaser Representatives”) an aggregate of 9,000,000 shares of Purchaser Common Stock (“Other Consideration Shares”);
WHEREAS, each of the Parties intends for U.S.
federal income tax purposes that (a) this Agreement constitute a “plan of reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368 of the Code and Treasury Regulations, and (b) the Merger be treated as a transaction that qualifies as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368 of the Code (clauses (a)-(b), the “Intended Tax Treatment”); WHEREAS, the board of directors of Purchaser (the “Purchaser Board”) has unanimously (a) approved, adopted and declared advisable this Agreement and the Transactions, including the issuance of Exchange Shares and Exchange RSUs (and the reservation and subsequent issuance of Purchaser Common Stock in respect of the Exchange RSUs) to the stockholders of the Company and the Other Consideration Shares to the Purchaser Representatives, (b) declared that it is fair to, advisable and in the best interests of Purchaser and the stockholders of Purchaser (the “Purchaser Stockholders”) that Purchaser enter into this Agreement and consummate the Transactions, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement and (c) recommended to the Purchaser Stockholders that they vote in favor of the Purchaser Stockholder Approval;
WHEREAS, the board of directors of the Company (the “Company Board”) has (a) approved and declared advisable this Agreement, and the Transactions, including the Merger, in accordance with the organizational documents of the Company, (b) declared that it is fair to, advisable and in the best interests of the Company and the Company Stockholders (as defined herein) that the Company enter into this Agreement, and to consummate the Transactions, including the Merger on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement, (c) directed that the adoption of this Agreement be submitted to a vote of the Company Stockholders either through a written consent or at a meeting of the Company Stockholders, and (d) recommended to the Company Stockholders that they adopt this Agreement and thereby approve the Transactions; and
WHEREAS, the board of directors of Merger Sub has (a) approved and declared advisable this Agreement, and the Transactions, including the Merger, (b) declared that it is fair to, advisable and in the best interests of Merger Sub and the sole shareholder of Merger Sub that Merger Sub enter into this Agreement, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement, and consummate the Transactions, including the Merger, (c) recommended to the sole shareholder of Merger Sub that it adopts this Agreement, and (d) Purchaser, in its capacity as the sole shareholder of Merger Sub has approved and adopted Agreement by written consent.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements set forth in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Parties hereby agree as follows:
ARTICLE I. DEFINITIONS
Section 1.1. Definitions
As used herein, the following terms shall have the following meanings:
“Action” means any claim, action, cause of action, demand, lawsuit, arbitration, inquiry, audit, notice of violation, proceeding, litigation, citation, summons, subpoena or investigation of any nature, civil, criminal, administrative, regulatory or otherwise, whether at law or in equity.
“Affiliate” means, with respect to any specified Person, any Person that, directly or indirectly, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, such specified Person, through one or more intermediaries or otherwise, and its and their respective stockholders, partners, directors, officers, members, managers and employees, and with respect to a particular individual: (i) each other member of such individual’s family who resides with such individual and (ii) any Person that is controlled by one or more members of such individual’s family.
“Agreement” has the meaning specified in the preamble to this Agreement.
“Alternative Proposal” has the meaning specified in Section 7.2(a).
“Alternative Transaction” has the meaning specified in Section 7.2(a).
“BOC” has the meaning specified in the Recitals.
“Business” means the business of the Company as conducted through the Company and/or the Company Subsidiaries immediately prior to the Closing Date.
“Business Day” means a day other than Saturday, Sunday or any day on which banks located in New York are authorized or obligated to close.
“CAO” has the meaning specified in Section 2.3(c).
“Certificate of Merger” has the meaning specified in Section 2.1(b).
“Certificates” has the meaning specified in Section 3.1(a).
“Change in Recommendation” has the meaning specified in Section 7.6(c).
“Class A Preferred Stock” has the meaning specified in Section 5.7(a).
“Class B Preferred Stock” has the meaning specified in Section 5.7(a).
“Class C Preferred Stock” has the meaning specified in the Recitals.
“Closing” means the closing of the transactions contemplated hereby.
“Closing Date” means the date on which the Closing occurs.
“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
“Company” has the meaning specified in the preamble to this Agreement.
“Company Board” has the meaning specified in the Recitals.
“Company Disclosure Schedule” has the meaning specified in the introductory paragraph of Article IV.
“Company Financial Statements” has the meaning specified in Section 4.16(a).
“Company Intellectual Property” has the meaning specified in Section 4.19.
“Company License Agreements” has the meaning specified in Section 4.19.
“Company Material Adverse Effect” means any effect, change, event, occurrence, statement of facts or development that is, or is reasonably likely to be, individually or in the aggregate, materially adverse with respect to the Business, the assets, financial condition, results of operations or prospects of the Company, or the right or ability of the Company to consummate any of the transactions contemplated hereby; provided, however, that “Company Material Adverse Effect” shall not include any event, occurrence, fact, condition or change, directly or indirectly, arising out of or attributable to: (i) general business, economic, or political conditions; (ii) conditions generally affecting the industries in which the Company operates; (iii) any changes in financial, banking, or securities markets in general, including any disruption thereof and any decline in the price of any security or any market index or any change in prevailing interest rates; (iv) any matter disclosed in the Company Disclosure Schedule; (v) any changes in applicable Laws or accounting rules; (vi) the announcement, pendency, or completion of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including losses or threatened losses of employees, customers, suppliers, distributors, or others having relationships with the Company; (vii) any natural or man-made disaster or acts of God; (viii) any acts of terrorism or war (whether or not declared), sabotage, civil unrest, terrorism, curfews, public disorder, riots, the outbreak or escalation of hostilities, geopolitical conditions, local, regional, state, national or international political conditions, or social conditions or (ix) any epidemics, pandemics, disease outbreaks, or other public health emergencies; and the foregoing (i)-(v), (vii) and (viii) shall not be deemed to be a Company Material Adverse Effect unless such events, changes, developments, or occurrences, taken as a whole, have a material disproportionate effect on the Company relative to other participants in the industries in which the Company operates.
“Company Permits” has the meaning specified in Section 4.25.
“Company RSU” means a restricted stock unit representing the right to earn one Company Share pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in the applicable award documents.
“Company Share(s)” has the meaning specified in the Recitals.
“Company Stockholder Approval” has the meaning specified in Section 6.1(a).
“Company Stockholders” means, collectively, the holders of Company Shares as of any time prior to the Effective Time.
“Company Subsidiary(ies)” has the meaning specified in the Recitals.
“Company Termination Fee” has the meaning specified in Section 7.5(b)(iii).
“Confidential Information” has the meaning specified in Section 7.15.
“Contracts” means any contracts, agreements, subcontracts, leases, notes, indentures, commitments, memoranda of understanding and purchase orders, whether written or oral, whether implied or express, and each amendment, supplement, or modification (whether written or oral) in respect of any of the foregoing, in each case as currently in effect.
“DGCL” has the meaning specified in the Recitals..
“Effective Date” has the meaning specified in Section 2.1(b).
“Effective Time” has the meaning specified in Section 2.1(b).
“Employee Benefit Plans” means each written employee benefit plan, scheme, program, policy, agreement, arrangement and contract (including, but not limited to, any “employee benefit plan” as defined in Section 3(3) of ERISA, whether or not subject to ERISA, and any bonus, incentive compensation, deferred compensation, profit sharing, or equity based arrangement, and any employment, termination, retention, bonus, change in control, severance, supplemental unemployment, layoff, salary continuation, retirement, pension, health, life insurance, disability, group insurance, vacation, holiday, sick leave, fringe benefit or welfare plan, program, policy, arrangement or contract and any trust, escrow or other funding arrangement related thereto which is currently or has been at any time maintained or contributed to by either Company or any ERISA Affiliate for the benefit of any current or former partner, officer, employee or director or the dependents thereof.
“Environmental Laws” means any law, common law, ordinance, regulation or binding policy of any Governmental Authority, as well as any order, decree, permit, judgment or injunction issued, promulgated, approved or entered thereunder, relating to the environment, health and safety, Hazardous Materials (including the use, handling, transportation, production, disposal, discharge or storage thereof), industrial hygiene, the environmental conditions on, under or about any real property owned, leased or operated at any time by the Company, including soil, groundwater, and indoor and ambient air conditions or the reporting or remediation of environmental contamination. Environmental Laws include the Clean Air Act, the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, the Oil Pollution Act, the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the Safe Drinking Water Act, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, the Toxic Substances Control Act, the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act, state and local counterparts, in each case as amended, and any other federal, state and local law whose purpose is to conserve or protect employee safety and health, human health in respect to exposure to Hazardous Materials, the environment, wildlife or natural resources.
“ERISA” means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974.
“ERISA Affiliate” means any trade or business, whether or not incorporated, which together with the Company would be deemed a single employer within the meaning of Section 414(b), (c) or (m) of the Code or Section 4001(b)(1) of ERISA.
“Exchange Act” means the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“Exchange Agent” has the meaning specified in Section 3.5(a).
“Exchange Consideration” has the meaning specified in Section 3.1(b).
“Exchange Ratio” means the quotient obtained by dividing (a) 663,250,176 (consisting of Purchaser Common Stock issuable to Company Stockholders and to holders of outstanding Company RSUs under this Agreement as of the Execution Date), by (b) the aggregate number of Company Shares outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time on a fully diluted basis; provided that, any Company Shares issued as permitted pursuant to Section 7.1(b)(xxiv) shall be excluded from clause (b) hereof.
“Exchange RSU” has the meaning specified in the Recitals.
“Exchange Shares” means the shares of Purchaser Common Stock and Class C Preferred Stock issued pursuant to Section 3.1(a) and (b).
“Execution Date” has the meaning specified in the preamble to this Agreement.
“Existing Lender” has the meaning specified in Section 7.13.
“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States as in effect (a) with respect to financial information for periods on or after the Execution Date, as of the Execution Date, and (b) with respect to financial information for periods prior to the Execution Date, as of such applicable time.
“Governmental Authority” means any domestic or foreign national, state, multi-state or municipal or other local government, any subdivision, agency, commission or authority thereof, exercising any executive, legislative, judicial, regulatory or administrative functions of or pertaining to government, or any quasi-governmental or private body that is government-owned or established to perform such functions.
“Governmental Order” means any order, judgment, injunction, decree, stipulation, determination or award entered by or with any Governmental Authority.
“Hazardous Materials” means and includes petroleum and refined petroleum products, asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyls, and any other substance defined, designated or classified as a hazardous waste, hazardous substance, hazardous material, pollutant, contaminant or toxic substance under, or for which liability or standards of care are imposed by, any Environmental Law.
“Indebtedness” means, with respect to any Person (without duplication), any obligations, contingent or otherwise, in respect of: (i) the principal amount of any indebtedness for borrowed money outstanding, together with all prepayment premiums or penalties and other amounts with respect to such indebtedness becoming due as a result of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and including accrued interest and any per diem interest accruals, (ii) the principal and interest components of capitalized lease obligations under GAAP, (iii) amounts drawn (including any accrued and unpaid interest) on letters of credit, bank guarantees, bankers’ acceptances and other similar instruments (solely to the extent such amounts have actually been drawn), (iv) the principal of and premium (if any) in respect of obligations evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes and similar instruments, (v) the termination value of interest rate protection agreements and currency obligation swaps, hedges or similar arrangements (without duplication of other indebtedness supported or guaranteed thereby), (vi) the principal component of all obligations to pay the deferred and unpaid purchase price of property and equipment that have been delivered, including “earn outs” and “seller notes,” and (vii) breakage costs, prepayment or early termination premiums, penalties, or other fees or expenses payable as a result of the consummation of the Transactions in respect of any of the items in the foregoing clauses (i) through (vi), and (viii) all Indebtedness of another Person referred to in clauses (i) through (vii) above guaranteed directly or indirectly, jointly or severally.
“Intellectual Property” means all intellectual property and industrial property rights and assets, and all rights, interests and protections that are associated with, similar to, or required for the exercise of, any of the foregoing, however arising, pursuant to the Laws of any jurisdiction throughout the world, whether registered or unregistered, including any and all: (i) trademarks, service marks, trade names, brand names, logos, trade dress, design rights, and other similar designations of source, sponsorship, association, or origin, together with the goodwill connected with the use of and symbolized by, and all registrations, applications, and renewals for, any of the foregoing; (ii) e-mail addresses, internet domain names, whether or not trademarked, registered in any top-level domain by any authorized private registrar or Governmental Authority, web addresses, web pages, websites and related content, accounts with Twitter, Facebook, and other social media companies or platforms and the content found thereon and related thereto, and URLs; (iii) works of authorship, expressions, designs, and design registrations, whether or not copyrightable, including copyrights, author, performer, moral, and neighboring rights, and all registrations, applications for registration, and renewals of such copyrights; (iv) inventions, discoveries, trade secrets, business and technical information, and know how, databases, data collections, and other confidential and proprietary information and all rights therein; (v) patents (including all reissues, divisionals, provisionals, continuations, and continuations in part, re-examinations, renewals, substitutions, and extensions thereof), patent applications, and other patent rights and any other Governmental Authority issued indicia of invention ownership (including inventor’s certificates, petty patents and patent utility models); (vi) software and firmware, including data files, source code, object code, application programming interfaces, architecture, files, records, schematics, computerized databases, and other related specifications and documentation; (vii) semiconductor chips and mask works; (viii) royalties, fees, income, payments, and other proceeds now or hereafter due or payable with respect to any and all of the foregoing; and (ix) all rights to any Actions of any nature available to or being pursued to the extent related to the foregoing, whether accruing before, on or after the Closing Date, including all rights to and claims for damages, restitution, and injunctive relief for infringement, dilution, misappropriation, violation, misuse, breach, or default, with the right but no obligation to sue for such legal and equitable relief, and to collect, or otherwise recover, any such damages.
“Intended Tax Treatment” has the meaning specified in the Recitals.
“Interim Period” has the meaning specified in Section 7.1(a).
“Knowledge of the Company” means the actual and constructive knowledge of Marco Margiotta, its Chief Executive Officer, and Charles Park, its Chief Financial Officer, after reasonable inquiry of each such individual’s direct reports.
“Knowledge of Purchaser” means the actual and constructive knowledge of Lavell Juan Malloy, II, its Chief Executive Officer, Daniel Leibovich, its Chief Operating Officer and Chetan Jindal, its Chief Financial Officer, after reasonable inquiry of each such individual’s direct reports.
“Law” or “Laws” means any federal, state, local, municipal, or other law, statute, legislation, constitution, principle of common law, resolution, ordinance, code, edict, judgment, decree, proclamation, treaty, rule, regulation, ruling, or requirement issued, enacted, adopted, passed, approved, promulgated, made, implemented, or otherwise put into effect by or under the authority of any Governmental Authority.
“Letter of Transmittal” has the meaning specified in Section 3.5(b).
“Lien” means any claim, lien, pledge, option, right of first refusal, easement, security interest, deed of trust, mortgage, right of way, encroachment, restrictive covenant, or other encumbrance, whether voluntarily incurred or arising by operation of law, and includes, without limitation, any agreement to give any of the foregoing in the future, and any contingent or conditional sale agreement or other title retention agreement or lease in the nature thereof.
“Loan” has the meaning specified in Section 7.13.
“Loan Note” has the meaning specified in Section 7.13.
“Major Stockholder(s)” has the meaning specified in Section 3.1(a).
“Material Agreement” has the meaning specified in Section 4.14.
“Material Contract(s)” of a Person means all Contracts to which the Person or a Subsidiary of such Person is a party (i) involving obligations (contingent or otherwise) of, or payments to, such Person or Subsidiary in excess of $1,000,000, (ii) containing any covenant limiting the freedom of such Person or Subsidiary to engage in any business activity or compete with any Person, and (iii) solely in the case of Purchaser, is filed or required to be filed by Purchaser with the SEC pursuant to the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.
“Merger” has the meaning specified in the Recitals.
“Merger Shares” means the shares of Purchaser Common Stock issuable pursuant to Sections 3.1(a) and (b), including the shares of Purchaser Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the shares of Class C Preferred Stock issuable under Section 3.1(a) and upon exercise of the Exchange RSUs.
“Merger Sub” has the meaning specified in the preamble to this Agreement.
“Merger Sub Common Stock” has the meaning specified in Section 5.7(c).
“Minimum Purchaser Allocation (Interim Period)” has the meaning specified in Section 7.18(a).
“Nasdaq” means the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC.
“Nasdaq Listing Application” has the meaning specified in Section 7.11(b).
“Nasdaq Proposal” has the meaning specified in Section 7.6(b).
“Net Proceeds” means all proceeds received by Purchaser pursuant to a Permitted Issuance minus direct, reasonable, documented and out-of-pocket costs incurred by Purchaser pursuant to such Permitted Issuance minus the Minimum Purchaser Allocation (Interim Period).
“Ordinary Course of Business” means the ordinary course of conduct of a business consistent with past custom and practice of such business.
“Organizational Documents” means with respect to any Person, the articles of incorporation, certificate of incorporation, certificate of formation, certificate of limited partnership, bylaws, limited liability company agreement, operating agreement, partnership agreement, stockholders’ agreement, and all other similar documents, instruments, or certificates executed, adopted, or filed in connection with the creation, formation, or organization of such Person, including any amendments and other modifications thereto.
“Other Consideration Shares” has the meaning specified in the Recitals.
“Party” and “Parties” have the meanings specified in the preamble to this Agreement.
“PCAOB” means the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.
“Permits” has the meaning specified in Section 5.17.
“Permitted Issuance” means an issuance of Purchaser Common Stock (a) as a result of the exercise, conversion or exchange of any securities of Purchaser outstanding as of the Execution Date, including, but not limited to, the Class B Preferred Stock, (b) to the Company’s officers, directors, employees consultants or other service providers under the Stock Incentive Plan, an employment arrangement or contract, or agreement to provide services to Purchaser, (c) in connection with the Reverse Stock Split, a recapitalization or similar reorganization transaction of Purchaser, or (d) pursuant to a securities purchase agreement or similar agreement or arrangement providing for an equity line of credit to Purchaser (the “ELOC”), whereby the ELOC investor is committed to purchase from Purchaser, at Purchaser’s sole and absolute discretion, up to a fixed number of shares of Purchaser Common Stock. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in this Agreement, no issuance of equity securities or other capital raise that triggers any anti-dilution or similar rights (including, but not limited to, caused by an issuance of equity securities at lower than market value) for any of Purchaser’s security holders shall be considered a Permitted Issuance.
“Permitted Liens” means (i) Liens for Taxes not yet due or, if due, being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and, in each case, for which specific and adequate accruals or reserves have been established in accordance with GAAP, (ii) mechanic’s, materialman’s, carrier’s, repairer’s, and other similar statutory Liens arising or incurred in the Ordinary Course of Business for sums not yet due and payable or, if due and payable, are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and, in either case, for which specific and adequate accruals or reserves have been established in accordance with GAAP, as applicable, (iii) non-exclusive licenses of Intellectual Property rights granted to customers in the Ordinary Course of Business, (iv) statutory Liens of landlords and Liens of carriers imposed by applicable Law, in each case, in the Ordinary Course of Business (other than, for the avoidance of doubt, any breach or default), (v) Liens incurred or deposits made in the Ordinary Course of Business in connection with workers’ compensation, unemployment insurance, or other types of social security, (vi) defects or imperfections of title, easements, covenants, rights of way, restrictions, and other similar charges, defects, or encumbrances affecting title to real property that do not and would not reasonably be expected to materially interfere with the value or occupancy of such real property or the conduct of business as currently conducted thereon, or (vii) Liens arising pursuant to the express terms of this Agreement.
“Person” means any individual, company, partnership, joint venture, association, joint stock company, trust, unincorporated organization, limited liability company, or government or other entity.
“Preferred Stock” has the meaning specified in Section 5.7(a).
“Purchaser” has the meaning specified in the preamble to this Agreement.
“Purchaser Allocation Requirements” has the meaning specified in Section 7.18(b).
“Purchaser Board” has the meaning specified in the Recitals.
“Purchaser Board Recommendation” has the meaning specified in Section 7.6(b).
“Purchaser Common Stock” has the meaning specified in the Recitals.
“Purchaser D&O Tail Policy” has the meaning specified in Section 7.8(e).
“Purchaser Disclosure Schedule” has the meaning specified in the introductory paragraph of Article V.
“Purchaser Equity” has the meaning specified in Section 5.7(a).
“Purchaser Financial Statements” means all of the financial statements of Purchaser included in the Purchaser SEC Reports.
“Purchaser Intervening Event” has the meaning specified in Section 7.6(c).
“Purchaser Material Adverse Effect” means any effect, change, event, occurrence, statement of facts or development that is, or is reasonably likely to be, individually or in the aggregate, materially adverse with respect to the assets, business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects of Purchaser or the right or ability of Purchaser to consummate any of the transactions contemplated hereby; provided, however, that “Purchaser Material Adverse Effect” shall not include any event, occurrence, fact, condition, or change, directly or indirectly, arising out of or attributable to: (i) general business, economic, or political conditions; (ii) conditions generally affecting the industries in which Purchaser operates; (iii) any changes in financial, banking, or securities markets in general, including any disruption thereof and any decline in the price of any security or any market index or any change in prevailing interest rates; (iv) any matter disclosed in the Purchaser Disclosure Schedule; (v) any changes in applicable Laws or accounting rules; (vi) the announcement, pendency, or completion of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including losses or threatened losses of employees, customers, suppliers, distributors, or others having relationships with Purchaser; (vii) any natural or man-made disaster or acts of God; (viii) any acts of terrorism or war (whether or not declared), sabotage, civil unrest, terrorism, curfews, public disorder, riots, the outbreak or escalation of hostilities, geopolitical conditions, local, regional, state, national, or international political conditions, or social conditions; or (ix) any epidemics, pandemics, disease outbreaks, or other public health emergencies; and the foregoing (i)-(ix) shall not be deemed to be a Purchaser Material Adverse Effect unless such events, changes, developments, or occurrences, taken as a whole, have a material disproportionate effect on Purchaser relative to other participants in the industries in which Purchaser operates.
“Purchaser Parties” has the meaning specified in the introductory paragraph of Article V.
“Purchaser Representative Employment Agreements” has the meaning specified in Section 7.19.
“Purchaser Representatives” has the meaning specified in the Recitals.
“Purchaser RSU” means a restricted stock unit representing the right to earn one share of Purchaser Common Stock.
“Purchaser SEC Reports” has the meaning specified in Section 5.9(a).
“Purchaser Stockholder Approval” means approval of the Transaction Proposals by a majority of the outstanding stock of Purchaser entitled to vote thereon.
“Purchaser Stockholders” has the meaning specified in the Recitals.
“Purchaser Stockholders Meeting” has the meaning specified in Section 7.6(a).
“Purchaser Termination Fee” has the meaning specified in Section 9.5(b)(i).
“Registration Statement / Proxy Statement” means a registration statement on Form S-4 relating to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and containing a prospectus and proxy statement of Purchaser.
“Representatives” means a Party’s officers, directors, Affiliates, managers, consultants, employees, representatives, and agents.
“Reverse Stock Split” means a reverse stock split of the Purchaser Common Stock, with the final ratio to be determined by the Purchaser Board and be effectuated by Purchaser.
“SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“Selected Common Shares” has the meaning specified in Section 3.1(a).
“Stock Incentive Plan” means Purchaser’s 2024 Omnibus Incentive Plan.
“Subsidiary(ies)” means, when used with respect to any Person, any other Person that such Person directly or indirectly owns or has the power to vote or control via contractual or other arrangements more than 50% of the voting stock or other interests the holders of which are generally entitled to vote for the election of the board of directors or other applicable governing body of such other Person.
“Superior Proposal” has the meaning specified in Section 7.2(a).
“Surviving Corporation” has the meaning specified in Section 2.1(a).
“Tangible Personal Property” has the meaning specified in Section 5.15(a).
“Tax” or “Taxes” means (a) any and all federal, state, local, and foreign taxes, charges, fees, levies, assessments, duties, or other amounts payable to any Governmental Authority, including: income, franchise, profits, margin, gross receipts, minimum, alternative minimum, estimated, ad valorem, value added, sales, use, service, real or personal property, capital stock, license, payroll, withholding, disability, employment, social security, workers compensation, unemployment compensation, utility, severance, excise, stamp, windfall profits, transfer, environmental, escheat or unclaimed property, occupation, premium, registration, and gains taxes, customs, duties, imposts, charges, levies, or other similar assessments of any kind whatsoever, whether disputed or not, together with any interest, penalties, and additions imposed with respect thereto and any interest in respect of such penalties or additions; (b) any liability for the payment of any item described in clause (a) immediately above as a result of being a member of an affiliated, consolidated, combined, unitary, or aggregate group for any period, including pursuant to Treasury Regulations Section 1.1502-6 or any analogous or similar state, local, or foreign Law; (c) any liability for the payment of any item described in clause (a) or (b) immediately above as a result of any express or implied obligation to indemnify any Person or as a result of any obligations under any agreements or arrangements with any Person with respect to such item; or (d) any successor or transferee liability for the payment of any item described in clause (a), (b), or (c) immediately above of any Person, including by reason of being a party to any merger, consolidation, conversion, or otherwise.
“Tax Return” means any return, document, declaration, report, claim for refund, information return, or statement required to be filed with a Governmental Authority with respect to Taxes, including any schedule or attachment thereto, and including any amendment thereof.
“Termination Date” has the meaning specified in Section 9.2(a).
“Transaction(s)” has the meaning specified in the Recitals.
“Transaction Litigation” has the meaning specified in Section 7.16(c).
“Transaction Proposals” has the meaning specified in Section 7.6(b).
“Transfer Agent” means VStock Transfer, LLC, located at 18 Lafayette Place, Woodmere, NY 11598.
“Treasury Regulations” means the interpretive treasury regulations promulgated under the Code.
Section 1.2. Other Definitional and Interpretative Provisions
The words “hereof,” “herein” and “hereunder” and words of like import used in this Agreement shall refer to this Agreement (including any Exhibits and Schedules annexed hereto) as a whole and not to any particular provision of this Agreement. The captions herein are included for convenience of reference only and shall be ignored in the construction or interpretation hereof. References to Articles, Sections, Exhibits and Schedules are to Articles, Sections, Exhibits, and Schedules of this Agreement unless otherwise specified. All Exhibits and Schedules annexed hereto or referred to herein, including the Purchaser Disclosure Schedule and the Company Disclosure Schedule, are hereby incorporated in and made a part of this Agreement as if set forth in full herein. Any capitalized terms used in any Exhibit or Schedule but not otherwise defined therein, shall have the meaning as defined in this Agreement. Any singular term in this Agreement shall be deemed to include the plural, and any plural term the singular. Whenever the words “include,” “includes,” or “including” are used in this Agreement, they shall be deemed to be followed by the words “without limitation,” whether or not they are in fact followed by those words or words of like import. “Writing,” “written,” and comparable terms refer to printing, typing and other means of reproducing words (including electronic media) in a visible form. The word “will” shall be construed to have the same meaning and effect as the word “shall.” The word “or” when used in this Agreement is not exclusive. The phrase “to the extent” shall mean the degree to which a subject or other thing extends, and such phrase shall not mean simply “if.” References to any statute, rule, regulation, law, or applicable Law shall be deemed to refer to such statute, rule, regulation, law, or applicable Law as amended or supplemented from time to time and to any rules, regulations and interpretations promulgated thereunder (except to the extent otherwise expressly provided herein). References to any Contract are to that Contract as amended, modified, or supplemented from time to time in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof. References to any Person include the successors and permitted assigns of that Person. Whenever this Agreement refers to a number of days, such number shall refer to calendar days unless Business Days are specified. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, any reference in this Agreement to a date or time shall be deemed to be such date or time in Wilmington, Delaware. References from or through any date mean, unless otherwise specified, from and including or through and including, respectively. References to one gender include all genders. Except as otherwise expressly set forth herein, all amounts required to be paid hereunder shall be paid in United States dollars in the manner and at the times set forth herein and all monetary references used herein, including references to “$” shall be to United States dollars unless otherwise specified. The Parties have participated jointly in the negotiation and drafting of this Agreement and each has been represented by counsel of its choosing and, in the event an ambiguity or question of intent or interpretation arises, this Agreement shall be construed as jointly drafted by the Parties and no presumption or burden of proof shall arise favoring or disfavoring any Party by virtue of the authorship of any provision of this Agreement.
ARTICLE II. MERGER
Section 2.1. The Merger
(a) Upon the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and in accordance with the DGCL and the BOC, at the Effective Time, (i) Merger Sub shall be merged with and into the Company, and (ii) the separate corporate existence of Merger Sub shall thereupon cease and the Company shall continue as the surviving corporation in the Merger (the “Surviving Corporation”) and shall become a wholly-owned subsidiary of Purchaser.
(b) On the Closing Date, the Parties shall cause a certificate of merger, in a form reasonably satisfactory to the Company and Purchaser (the “Certificate of Merger”), to be executed and filed with each of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and the Secretary of State of the State of Texas. The Merger shall become effective on the date and at the time agreed by Purchaser and the Company and specified in the Certificate of Merger (the time the Merger becomes effective being referred to herein as the “Effective Time” and the date the Merger becomes effective being referred to as the “Effective Date”).
(c) The Merger shall be effectuated pursuant to the applicable provisions of the DGCL. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, and subject thereto, at the Effective Time, all of the assets, properties, rights, privileges, powers, and franchises of the Company and Merger Sub shall vest in the Surviving Corporation and all debts, liabilities, obligations, restrictions, disabilities, and duties of each of the Company and Merger Sub shall become the debts, liabilities, obligations, and duties of the Surviving Corporation, in each case, in accordance with the DGCL.
(d) At the Effective Time, the Organizational Documents of the Company shall become the Organizational Documents of the Surviving Corporation.
(e) On or prior to the Closing Date, the Purchaser Board shall approve a name change of Purchaser to “House of Doge Inc.” and shall file a certificate evidencing the same with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, as well as cause the trading symbol under which the Purchaser Common Stock is listed for trading on Nasdaq to be changed to a trading symbol that the Parties shall agree promptly and in good faith following the Execution Time, (or such other symbol as may be acceptable to Nasdaq, the Company, and Purchaser) effective as of the Closing Date.
Section 2.2. [RESERVED]
Section 2.3. Directors and Officers of Purchaser
(a) At the Effective Time, the Purchaser Board shall consist of seven members, six of whom shall be designated by the Company and with Lavell Juan Malloy, II, a current director, to remain in such capacity as the seventh, provided that at least four of the six designees from the Company shall qualify as “independent directors” under Nasdaq’s listing rules. A nominee designated by the Company to serve as a director shall serve as chairman of the Purchaser Board, as well as its subcommittees, including without limitation, the audit committee, the compensation committee and the corporate governance committee. All of such directors shall hold office until their successors shall have been duly elected or appointed and qualified or until their earlier death, resignation, or removal in accordance with the Surviving Corporation’s Organizational Documents.
(b) At the Effective Time, the officers of Purchaser as of the date hereof shall resign with such resignation being effective at the Effective Time, and the following Persons nominated by the Company shall hold the corresponding offices until their respective successors are duly elected or appointed and qualified, or until their earlier death, resignation, or removal:
| ● | Chief Executive Officer: Marco Margiotta |
| ● | Chief Financial Officer: Charles Park |
| ● | Secretary: Mark Lau |
(c) Notwithstanding the foregoing, upon the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Company shall have the right to nominate or appointment a “Chief Accounting Officer” (“CAO”) to serve as part of Purchaser’s management team and to work closely with Purchaser’s personnel, both in finance and operations, so as to ensure a successful transition at the Closing. Purchaser and the Company shall mutually cooperate to ensure that the CAO works, and is aligned, with the current Chief Financial Officer of Purchaser on mutually agreed processes for financial control during the Interim Period. The CAO and the current Chief Financial Officer of Purchaser shall also have dual approval and sign-off rights with respect to expenditures of Purchaser during the Interim Period.
(d) The officers of Purchaser as of the date hereof, notwithstanding their resignation pursuant to Section 2.3(b), shall continue their function as senior management personnel of Purchaser in roles, functions and other management capacities with respect to the businesses and operations of Purchaser prior to the Closing (the “Purchaser Legacy Business”), which the Company agrees, shall operate or continue to operate as a division or out of a subsidiary of Purchaser after the Closing Date.
Section 2.4. Directors and Officers of the Company Subsidiaries
(a) Each of the Company Subsidiaries shall have a board of directors in accordance with applicable Law.
(b) Purchaser hereby undertakes, to the extent permissible in accordance with applicable Law, in any vote on the election of directors presented to Purchaser as a stockholder, to vote its shares in each Company Subsidiary in favor of each board or management nominee for director nominated by such Company Subsidiary’s board of directors, an applicable committee thereof or its management in accordance with applicable Law.
Section 2.5. U.S. Tax Treatment
(a) The Parties hereby (a) adopt this Agreement insofar as it relates to the Merger as a “plan of reorganization” within the meaning of Section 1.368-2(g) of the Treasury Regulations, (b) agree to file and retain such information as shall be required under Section 1.368-3 of the Treasury Regulations, and (c) agree to file all Tax Returns and other informational returns on a basis consistent with such characterization. Notwithstanding the foregoing or anything else to the contrary contained in this Agreement, the Parties acknowledge and agree that, other than the representations set forth herein, no Party is making any representation or warranty as to the qualification of the Merger as a reorganization under Section 368(a) of the Code or as to the effect, if any, that any transaction consummated on, after or prior to the Effective Time has or may have on any such reorganization status. Each of the Parties acknowledges and agrees that each such Party (i) has had the opportunity to obtain independent legal and tax advice with respect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and (ii) is responsible for paying its own Taxes, including any adverse Tax consequences that may result if the Merger is determined not to qualify as a reorganization under Section 368(a) of the Code.
ARTICLE III. EFFECT OF THE MERGER; CLOSING
Section 3.1. Effect of the Merger on Company Shares; Company RSUs; Capital Stock of Merger Sub
(a) At the Effective Time, by virtue of the Merger and without any action on the part of any Party or any other Person, each Company Share issued and outstanding as of immediately prior to the Effective Time (other than the Company Shares to be canceled and extinguished pursuant to Section 3.1(c) below) shall be automatically canceled, extinguished and converted into the right to receive such number of shares of Purchaser Common Stock equal to the Exchange Ratio. From and after the Effective Time, each certificate evidencing ownership of Company Shares (collectively, the “Certificates”) and the Company Shares held in book-entry form issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall each cease to have any rights with respect to such Company Shares except as otherwise expressly provided for herein or under applicable Law. Notwithstanding the above, each of the Stockholders set forth on Schedule 3.1(a) (each, a “Major Stockholder”) shall receive a number of shares of Purchaser Common Stock and a number of shares of Class C Preferred Stock in accordance with the following: (i) such Major Stockholder shall specify (in writing to Purchaser no later than 10 days before the Closing) a number of shares of Purchaser Common Stock such Major Stockholder desires to receive as Exchange Consideration (with respect to such Major Stockholder, the “Selected Common Shares”); provided that the maximum number of Selected Common Shares for each Major Stockholder shall be 4.99% of the total issued and outstanding Common Shares (rounded down to the nearest whole number) as of immediately prior to the Effective Time; (ii) the number of shares of Class C Preferred Stock such Major Stockholder shall receive as Exchange Consideration shall equal (A) the aggregate number of Company Shares such Major Stockholder holds immediately prior to the Effective Time multiplied by (B) the Exchange Ratio minus (C) the Selected Common Shares divided by (D) 5,000,000. If a Major Stockholder fails to specify the number of shares of Purchaser Common Stock it desires to receive pursuant to the foregoing sentence, such Stockholder shall be issued zero shares of Purchaser Common Stock and be issued only Class C Preferred Stock in accordance with this Section 3.1(a).
(b) At the Effective Time, by virtue of the Merger and without any action on the part of any Party or any other Person, (i) each vested Company RSU issued and outstanding as of immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be automatically canceled, extinguished and converted into the right to receive such number of shares of Purchaser Common Stock equal to the Exchange Ratio and (ii) each unvested Company RSU issued and outstanding as of immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be automatically canceled, extinguished and converted into the right to receive such number of Exchange RSUs equal to the Exchange Ratio (the Exchange Shares to be issued pursuant to Section 3.1(a) and Section 3.1(b)(i) and the Exchange RSUs to be issued pursuant to Section 3.1(b)(ii) may collectively be referred to hereinafter as the “Exchange Consideration”).
(c) At the Effective Time, by virtue of the Merger and without any action on the part of any Party or any other Person, each Company Share held immediately prior to the Effective Time by the Company as treasury stock shall be automatically canceled and extinguished, and no consideration shall be paid with respect thereto.
(d) At the Effective Time, by virtue of the Merger and without any action on the part of any Party or any other Person, each share of capital stock of Merger Sub issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be automatically canceled and extinguished, and converted into one share of Surviving Corporation common stock.
(e) Other than with respect to shares of Class C Preferred Stock (for which fractional shares shall be issued), no fractional shares of Purchaser Common Stock shall be issued in connection with this Agreement, but, in lieu thereof, any Person who would otherwise be entitled to a fraction of a share Purchaser Common Stock shall receive from the Exchange Agent an amount in cash (rounded to the nearest whole cent), without interest, equal to the monetary value of such fractional share. Following the Closing Date, the Exchange Agent shall sell at then-prevailing prices on the Nasdaq such number of shares of Purchaser Common Stock constituting all such fractional entitlements of all Company Stockholders, with the cash proceeds of such sales to be used by the Exchange Agent to fund the foregoing payments in lieu of fractional shares (and if the proceeds of such share sales by the Exchange Agent are insufficient for such purpose, then Parent shall promptly deliver to the Exchange Agent additional funds in an amount equal to the deficiency required to make all such payments in lieu of fractional shares). The Parties acknowledge that payment of the cash consideration in lieu of delivering fractional shares was not separately bargained for consideration, but merely represents a mechanical rounding off for purposes of simplifying the corporate and accounting complexities that would otherwise be caused by the delivery of such fractional shares of Purchaser Common Stock.
(f) The terms of the Exchange RSUs to be received by the holders of unvested Company RSUs pursuant to this Section 3.1 shall be substantially the same as the terms of such unvested Company RSUs immediately prior to the Effective Time, including with respect to vesting.
Section 3.2. Closing
In accordance with the terms and subject to the conditions of this Agreement, the Closing will take place remotely by the exchange of counterpart signature pages via facsimile, electronic mail or portable document format, on the date that is three Business Days after the first date on which all conditions set forth in Article VI shall have been satisfied or waived (other than those conditions that by their terms are to be satisfied at the Closing, but subject to the satisfaction or waiver thereof), or at such other time, date and place as may be mutually agreed in writing by the Company and Purchaser.
Section 3.3. Deliverables by the Company at Closing
At or prior to the Closing (or, to the extent specifically set forth below, subsequent to Closing), the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to Purchaser:
(a) any consents required to be obtained by the Company in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement in a form reasonably acceptable to Purchaser, duly executed by the Person or Persons from whom each such consent is required, except for such consents if not obtained that would not cause a Company Material Adverse Effect; (b) a certificate of an officer of the Company, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Purchaser, attaching copies of the (i) certificate of incorporation of the Company, as amended to date, certified by the Secretary of State of the State of Texas, (ii) the bylaws of the Company, (iii) resolutions of the board of directors of the Company approving this Agreement and declaring its advisability, and approving the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, and (iv) written evidence of the Company Stockholder Approval, and certifying that each of the documents attached pursuant to clauses (i)-(iv) is true and complete;
(c) a certificate of good standing and status as to the Company from the Secretary of State of the State of Texas, dated within 10 days of the Closing Date, certifying that the Company is in good standing in the State of Texas and by the Secretary of State (or equivalent Governmental Authority) of each other jurisdiction where the Company is qualified to do business, if any;
(d) true and complete copies of the unaudited consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of September 30, 2025, and the related statements of operations and comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the interim periods ended September 30, 2025;
(e) a true and complete copy of the Purchaser D&O Tail Policy as provided in Section 7.8(e) below, which Purchaser D&O Tail Policy shall be valid and in force at the Effective Time; and
(f) such other documents or instruments as Purchaser may reasonably request and are reasonable and necessary to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
Section 3.4. Deliverables by Purchaser at Closing
At or prior to the Closing, Purchaser shall deliver, or cause to be delivered, to the Company:
(a) a statement issued by the Transfer Agent evidencing the issuance of the Exchange Shares and Exchange RSUs constituting the Exchange Consideration in the name of the holders of the Company Shares and/or Company RSUs, as of immediately prior to the Effective Time, and the reservation of the shares of Purchaser Common Stock issuable in respect of the Exchange RSUs;
(b) a certificate of an officer of Purchaser, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Company, attaching copies of the resolutions of the board of directors of Purchaser and/or an independent committee thereof and resolutions of the stockholders of Purchaser, in each case, evidencing the approvals required under applicable Law in order for Purchaser to be able to enter into this Agreement and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby, and certifying that each of the documents attached thereto is true and complete; (c) certificate of good standing for Purchaser and each operational Subsidiary of Purchaser;
(d) copies of the written resignations of all of the directors and officers of Purchaser effective as of the Effective Time, other than those directors and officers to remain in such positions with Purchaser after the Effective Time pursuant to Section 2.3(a) or Section 2.3(b); and
(e) such other documents or instruments as the Company may reasonably require and are reasonable and necessary to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
Section 3.5. Exchange Procedures
(a) As promptly as reasonably practicable following the date of this Agreement, but in no event later than 30 days prior to the Closing Date, Purchaser shall appoint the Transfer Agent (or its applicable Affiliate thereof) as the exchange agent (the “Exchange Agent”) and enter into an exchange agent agreement with the Exchange Agent for the purpose of exchanging Certificates, if any, representing Company Shares and each Company Share held in book-entry form on the stock transfer books of the Company immediately prior to the Effective Time, in either case, for the portion of the Exchange Consideration, at the time and subject to the contingencies set forth in Section 6.1, Section 6.2 and Section 6.3, issuable in respect of such Company Shares pursuant to Section 3.1(a) and Section 3.1(b) and on the terms and subject to the other conditions set forth in this Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing or anything to the contrary herein, in the event that the Transfer Agent is unable or unwilling to serve as the Exchange Agent, then Purchaser and the Company shall, as promptly as reasonably practicable thereafter, but in no event later than the Closing Date, mutually agree upon an exchange agent (in either case, such agreement not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), Purchaser shall appoint and enter into an exchange agent agreement with such exchange agent, who shall for all purposes under this Agreement constitute the Exchange Agent. For purposes of this Section 3.5, (i) Company Stockholders shall also include holders of Company RSUs and (ii) Exchange Shares shall also include Exchange RSUs.
(b) As soon as practicable following the Effective Time, and in any event within two Business Days following the Effective Time, Purchaser shall cause the Exchange Agent to deliver to each Company Stockholder, as of immediately prior to the Effective Time, a letter of transmittal and instructions for use in exchanging such Company Stockholder’s Company Shares for such Company Stockholder’s applicable portion of the Exchange Shares constituting the Exchange Consideration, which shall be in form and contain provisions that Purchaser may specify prior to the Closing and that are reasonably acceptable to the Company (a “Letter of Transmittal”), and promptly following receipt of a Company Stockholder’s properly completed and executed Letter of Transmittal, deliver such Company Stockholder’s applicable portion of the Exchange Shares constituting the Exchange Consideration to such Company Stockholder.
(c) At the Effective Time, Purchaser shall deposit, or cause to be deposited, with the Exchange Agent, for the benefit of the Company Stockholders and for exchange in accordance with this Section 3.5 through the Exchange Agent, evidence of Exchange Shares in book-entry form representing the Exchange Consideration issuable pursuant to Section 3.1(a) and Section 3.1(b) in exchange for the Company Shares outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time.
(d) Each Company Stockholder whose Company Shares have been converted into a portion of the Exchange Consideration pursuant to Section 3.1(a) and Section 3.1(b) shall receive the portion of the Exchange Shares constituting the Exchange Consideration to which he, she or it is entitled on the date provided in Section 3.5(e) upon (i) in the case of Company Shares held in certificated form, surrender of a Certificate (or affidavit of loss in lieu thereof in the form required by the Letter of Transmittal), together with the delivery of a properly completed and duly executed Letter of Transmittal (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any documents or agreements required by the Letter of Transmittal), to the Exchange Agent, or (ii) in the case of Company Shares held in book-entry form, delivery of a properly completed and duly executed Letter of Transmittal (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any documents or agreements required by the Letter of Transmittal), to the Exchange Agent.
(e) If a properly completed and duly executed Letter of Transmittal, together with any Certificates (or affidavit of loss in lieu thereof in the form required by the Letter of Transmittal), if any, is delivered to the Exchange Agent in accordance with Section 3.5(d) (i) at least one Business Day prior to the Closing Date, then Purchaser and the Company shall take all necessary actions to reflect the issuance of the applicable portion of the Exchange Shares constituting the Exchange Consideration to the applicable Company Stockholder in book-entry form on the Closing Date, or (ii) less than one Business Day prior to the Closing Date, then Purchaser and the Company (or the Surviving Corporation) shall take all necessary actions to reflect the issuance of the applicable portion of the Exchange Shares constituting the Exchange Consideration to the applicable Company Stockholder in book-entry form within two Business Days after such delivery.
(f) If any portion of the Exchange Shares constituting the Exchange Consideration is to be issued to a Person other than the Company Stockholder in whose name the surrendered Certificate or the transferred Company Share in book-entry form is registered, the issuance of the applicable portion of the Exchange Shares constituting the Exchange Consideration shall not be reflected unless (i) either such Certificate shall be properly endorsed or shall otherwise be in proper form for transfer or such Company Share in book-entry form shall be properly transferred, and (ii) the Person requesting such consideration pay to the Exchange Agent any transfer Taxes required as a result of such consideration being issued to a Person other than the registered holder of such Certificate or Company Share in book-entry form or establish to the satisfaction of the Exchange Agent that such transfer Taxes have been paid or are not payable.
(g) No interest will be paid or accrued on the Exchange Consideration (or any portion thereof). From and after the Effective Time, until the applicable portion of the Exchange Shares constituting the Exchange Consideration is obtained by the applicable Company Stockholders in accordance with this Section 3.5, each Company Share (other than, for the avoidance of doubt, the Company Shares canceled and extinguished pursuant to Section 3.1(b)) shall solely represent the right to receive the Exchange Consideration which such Company Share is entitled to receive pursuant to this Agreement.
(h) At the Effective Time, the stock transfer books of the Company shall be closed and there shall be no transfers of Company Shares that were outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time.
Section 3.6. Other Consideration Shares
In connection with the Closing and notwithstanding the issuance of the Exchange Consideration, Purchaser shall issue the Other Consideration Shares to the Purchaser Representatives and the Purchaser Representatives shall execute and deliver any other documents and materials as may be required by Purchaser and the Company at their discretion. In the event that the resale of the Other Consideration Shares by the Purchaser Representatives is not includable in the Registration Statement / Proxy Statement, then Purchaser shall, within 15 days of the Closing Date, file with the SEC a registration statement under the Securities Act covering the resale of the Other Consideration Shares and shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause such registration statement to be declared effective as promptly as reasonably practicable after the initial filing thereof, but in no event later than the 60 business days thereafter.
ARTICLE IV. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY
All representations and warranties set forth herein are made as of the Execution Date and subject to the exceptions noted in the schedules delivered to Purchaser concurrently herewith and identified by the Parties as the “Company Disclosure Schedule.” No specific representation or warranty will limit the generality or applicability of a more general representation or warranty. Each individual section of the Company Disclosure Schedule will be numbered to correspond to the paragraph of the section of this Agreement to which it relates. The Company hereby makes the following representations and warranties to Purchaser as of the date of this Agreement (or in the case of representations and warranties that speak as of an earlier specified date, as of such specified date):
Section 4.1. Organization, Standing, and Corporate Power of the Company
(a) The Company is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing as a corporation under the laws of the State of Texas. The Company is duly qualified or licensed as a foreign corporation or other organization to do business, and is in good standing, in each jurisdiction where the character of the properties owned, leased or operated by it or the nature of its business makes such qualification or licensing necessary, except for such failures to be so qualified or licensed and in good standing that would not individually or in the aggregate be expected to have a Company Material Adverse Effect.
(b) Set forth on Section 4.1(b) of the Company Disclosure Schedule is a complete and accurate list of all of the Company Subsidiaries, including the date and jurisdiction of formation or incorporation of each Subsidiary. The Company conducts its operations through the Company and the Company Subsidiaries. The Company owns all of the issued and outstanding equity securities of such Company Subsidiaries.
(c) True and complete copies of the Organizational Documents, all equity records, and all other records of the Company have been delivered or otherwise made available to Purchaser. All of the books and records of the Company and its Organizational Documents have been maintained in the Ordinary Course of Business and fairly reflect, in all material respects, all transactions of the Company. The Company is not in violation, in any material respect, of its Organizational Documents.
(d) Section 4.1 of the Company Disclosure Schedule sets forth a list of all directors and officers of the Company and the Company Subsidiaries.
Section 4.2. Due Authorization
The Company has all requisite power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and to perform its obligations hereunder and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby. The execution and delivery by the Company of this Agreement and the performance of its obligations hereunder and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby have been duly and validly authorized by the Company, and no other action on the part of the Company is necessary. This Agreement has been duly and validly executed and delivered by the Company and, assuming the due authorization, execution, and delivery by each of the other Parties, is the legal, valid, and binding obligation of the Company, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except as the enforceability may be limited by (a) applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium, reorganization, fraudulent conveyance, or similar laws in effect that affect the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally or (b) general principles of equity.
Section 4.3. No Conflict
The execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Company, and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, do not and will not violate any provision of, or result in the breach of, any applicable Law, rule or regulation of any Governmental Authority, the Organizational Documents of the Company or the Company Subsidiaries, or any agreement, indenture or other instrument to which the Company is a party or by which the Company may be bound, or of any Governmental Order applicable to the Company, or terminate or result in the termination of any such agreement, indenture, or instrument, or result in the creation of any Lien upon any of the properties or assets of the Company or constitute an event that, after notice or lapse of time or both, would result in any such violation, breach, acceleration, termination or creation of a Lien or result in a violation or revocation of any required license, permit or approval from any Governmental Authority or other Person, except to the extent that the occurrence of any of the foregoing would not have a material adverse effect on the ability of the Company to enter into and perform its obligations hereunder.
Section 4.4. Governmental Authorities; Consents
Except as set forth on Section 4.4 of the Company Disclosure Schedule, no material consent, approval or authorization of, or designation, declaration or filing with, any Governmental Authority or other third party is required on the part of the Company with respect to the Company’s execution, delivery, and performance of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.
Section 4.5. Brokers
No Person has acted directly or indirectly as a broker, finder, or financial advisor for the Company in connection with the negotiations relating to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement for which the Company or the Company Subsidiaries will become obligated to pay a fee or commission.
Section 4.6. Legal Proceedings; Litigation
There are no Actions pending or, to the Knowledge of the Company, threatened, against or by the Company, any executive officer or director of the Company or, to the Knowledge of the Company, the Company Subsidiary, or any property or asset of the Company or, to the Knowledge of the Company, the Company Subsidiary, that challenge or seek to prevent, enjoin, or otherwise delay the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. Neither the Company nor, to the Knowledge of the Company, any officer or director of the Company nor any Company Subsidiary, nor any material property or asset of the Company or, to the Knowledge of the Company, any Company Subsidiary, is subject to any material continuing order of, consent decree, settlement agreement or other similar written agreement with, or, to the Knowledge of the Company, continuing investigation by, any Governmental Authority, or any order, writ, judgment, injunction, decree, determination or award of any Governmental Authority, that would prevent, enjoin, or otherwise delay the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
Section 4.7. Capitalization of the Company; Subsidiaries
(a) The authorized share capital of the Company consists of 2,000,000,000 Company Shares, consisting of (a) 1,000,000,000 shares of a series of common stock designated as “Voting Common Stock” and (b) 1,000,000,000 shares of a series of Common Stock designated as “Nonvoting Common Stock”, of which 334,929,373 shares of Voting Common Stock are issued and outstanding and nil shares of Nonvoting Common Stock are issued and outstanding. All of the issued and outstanding Company Shares have been duly authorized and are validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable. The issued and outstanding Company Shares constitute all of the issued and outstanding equity of the Company. There are 39,047,000 Company RSUs issued and outstanding as of the Execution Date, each redeemable for 1 share of voting common stock of the Company upon due vesting of such Company RSU, of which RSUs, 13,147,000 are anticipated to be vested and 25,900,000 are anticipated to be unvested as of October 31, 2025.
(b) Neither the Company nor any Company Subsidiary presently has any option or incentive plans. Other than as set out in Section 4.7 of the Company Disclosure Schedule, there are no outstanding bonds, debentures, notes or other indebtedness of any kind or other securities of the Company having the right to vote (or convertible into, or exchangeable for, securities having the right to vote) on any matter. There are no outstanding securities, options, warrants, calls, rights, commitments, agreements, arrangements, or undertakings of any kind to which the Company is a party or by which the Company is bound obligating the Company to issue, deliver or sell, or cause to be issued, delivered or sold, additional shares of capital stock or other equity or voting securities of the Company or any Company Subsidiary or obligating the Company to issue, grant, extend, or enter into any such security, option, warrant, call, right, commitment, agreement, arrangement, or undertaking. There are no outstanding contractual obligations, commitments, understandings, or arrangements of the Company to repurchase, redeem, or otherwise acquire or make any payment in respect of any shares of capital stock of the Company or any Company Subsidiary.
(c) The Company has no Subsidiaries other than the Company Subsidiaries.
Section 4.8. Employee Benefit Plans
Neither the Company nor any Company Subsidiary maintains or has in the past maintained any Employee Benefit Plan other than such Employee Benefit Plans expressly specified in any individual employment agreement or contractor agreement with such employees and contractors of the Company.
Section 4.9. Organization and Qualification of the Company Subsidiary
(a) Each of the Company Subsidiaries is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its incorporation or formation, as the case may be. Each Company Subsidiary has the requisite power and authority and all government licenses, authorizations, permits, consents and approvals required to own, operate, or lease its properties and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Each Company Subsidiary is duly qualified or licensed to do business and is in good standing (or equivalent status) in each jurisdiction in which the nature of its business or the ownership or leasing of its properties makes such qualification or licensing necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or licensed (individually or in the aggregate) would not have a Company Material Adverse Effect.
(b) True and complete copies of the Organizational Documents of each Company Subsidiary, and all equity records and all other records of each such Company Subsidiary have been provided by the Company to Purchaser.
Section 4.10. Capitalization of the Company Subsidiaries
The Company Subsidiaries are authorized to issue that number and kind of securities as are respectively listed on Section 4.10 of the Company Disclosure Schedule, all of which are issued and outstanding and held by the Company. No other shares or equity securities of the Company Subsidiaries are authorized, issued, reserved for issuance or outstanding. All of the outstanding securities of each of the Company Subsidiaries are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and not subject to preemptive rights, unless otherwise provided in its Organizational Documents. There are no outstanding bonds, debentures, notes, or other indebtedness of any kind, or other securities of the Company Subsidiaries having the right to vote (or be convertible into, or exchangeable for, securities having the right to vote) on any matters. There are presently no outstanding securities, options, warrants, calls, rights, commitments, agreements, arrangements, or undertakings of any kind to which any Company Subsidiaries are a party or by which it is bound obligating the Company Subsidiaries to issue, deliver, or sell, or cause to be issued, delivered, or sold, any additional share or other equity, voting or otherwise, of the Company Subsidiaries or obligating the Company Subsidiaries to issue, grant, extend, or enter into any such security, option, warrant, call, right, commitment, agreement, arrangement, or undertaking. There are no outstanding contractual obligations, commitments, understandings, or arrangements of any Company Subsidiaries to repurchase, redeem, or otherwise acquire or make any payment in respect of any shares of capital stock of the Company Subsidiaries.
Section 4.11. Subsidiaries
Each of the Company Subsidiaries does not have any Subsidiaries and does not own, directly or indirectly, any equity or other ownership interest in any Person.
Section 4.12. Properties
Neither the Company nor any Company Subsidiary owns any real property. Either the Company or the Company Subsidiary has good, clear and marketable title to all the tangible properties and tangible assets reflected in the latest balance sheet included in the Company Financial Statements as being owned by the Company or Company Subsidiary or acquired after the date thereof that are, individually or in the aggregate, material to the Business (except properties sold or otherwise disposed of since the date thereof in the Ordinary Course of Business), free and clear of all Liens (other than Permitted Liens). Any real property and facilities held under lease by the Company or the Company Subsidiary are held by it under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with which the Company and/or the Company Subsidiary, as applicable, is in compliance, except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Company Material Adverse Effect.
Section 4.13. Absence of Certain Changes
Except for actions expressly contemplated by this Agreement and the Merger, since June 30, 2025, (a) the Company and Company Subsidiaries have conducted their business only in the ordinary course of business, (b) there has not been a Material Adverse Effect on the Company, (c) neither the Company nor any Company Subsidiary has abandoned, cancelled, or dedicated to the public, or other than in the ordinary course of business, transferred, assigned, or granted any license or sublicense of any rights under or with respect to any Intellectual Property, and (d) neither the Company nor any Company Subsidiary have taken any action or committed or agreed to take any action that would be prohibited by Section 7.1 if such action were taken on or after the date hereof without the consent Purchaser.
Section 4.14. Material Agreement Defaults
Neither the Company nor any Company Subsidiary are, nor have received any notice, nor to the Knowledge of the Company is any other Person, in default in any material respect under any Material Agreement and, to the Knowledge of the Company, there has not occurred any event that with the lapse of time or the giving of notice or both would constitute such a material default. For purposes of this Agreement, a “Material Agreement” means any contract, agreement or commitment that is effective as of the Execution Date to which the Company or the Company Subsidiary is a party (a) with expected receipts or expenditures in excess of $200,000 individually or $1,000,000 in the aggregate in any 12-month period, (b) requiring the Company or the Company Subsidiary to indemnify any person in excess of $200,000 in a single transaction or $1,000,000 in a series or related events, (c) granting exclusive rights to any Person in excess of $200,000 individually, (d) evidencing indebtedness for borrowed or loaned money in excess of $200,000 or more in a single transaction or $1,000,000 or more in a series or related transactions, including guarantees of such indebtedness, or (e) that, with expected receipts or expenditures in excess of $200,000 individually, if breached by the Company or the Company Subsidiary in such a manner would (i) permit any other party to cancel or terminate the same (with or without notice of passage of time), (ii) provide a basis for any other party to claim money damages (either individually or in the aggregate with all other such claims under that contract) from the Company or the Company Subsidiary, or (iii) give rise to a right of acceleration of any material obligation or loss of any material benefit under any such contract, agreement or commitment.
Section 4.15. Accounts Receivable
To the Knowledge of the Company, all of the accounts receivable of the Company and the Company Subsidiaries that are reflected in the Company Financial Statements or the accounting records of the Company and the Company Subsidiaries represent or will represent valid obligations arising from sales actually made or services actually rendered in the Ordinary Course of Business.
Section 4.16. Financial Statements of the Company and the Company Subsidiary
(a) Section 4.16 of the Company Disclosure Schedule sets forth true and complete copies of the audited consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of March 31, 2025 and the related statement of loss and comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for period from January 13, 2025 (incorporation) to March 31, 2025 including, the notes thereto (collectively, the “Company Financial Statements”).
(b) The Company Financial Statements (including the notes thereto) fairly present, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position, results of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows of the Company and/or its consolidated Subsidiaries as at the date thereof and for the period indicated therein, except as otherwise noted therein and subject to normal and recurring year-end adjustments and the absence of notes. The Company Financial Statements are based upon and consistent with information contained in the books and records of the Company and its Subsidiaries in all material respects.
(c) Except as and to the extent set forth on the Company Financial Statements, the Company and its Subsidiaries do not have any liability or obligation of a nature (whether accrued, absolute, contingent or otherwise) required to be reflected on a balance sheet prepared in accordance with GAAP.
(d) The Company has not identified, and has not received from any independent auditor of the Company any written notification of, (i) any significant deficiency or material weakness in the system of internal accounting controls utilized by the Company, (ii) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves the Company’s management or other employees who have a significant role in the preparation of Company Financial Statements or the internal accounting controls utilized by the Company or (iii) any written claim or allegation regarding any of the foregoing.
(e) There are no outstanding loans or other extensions of credit made by the Company or any Company Subsidiary to any executive officer (as defined in Rule 3b-7 under the Exchange Act) or director of the Company or any Company Subsidiary.
(f) The Company Financial Statements have been audited in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB and comply in all material respects with the applicable accounting requirements of the SEC in effect as of the date thereof.
Section 4.17. Environmental Matters
To the Knowledge of the Company, the operation of the Business is not subject to any environmental regulation.
Section 4.18. Legal Compliance
The conduct of the Business by the Company complies with all Laws and Governmental Orders applicable thereto other than any such non-compliance that individually or in the aggregate would not reasonably be likely to have a Company Material Adverse Effect.
Section 4.19. Intellectual Property
Section 4.19 of the Company Disclosure Schedule sets forth the material Company Intellectual Property. The Company and the Company Subsidiaries own or have valid rights to use the trademarks, trade names, domain names, copyrights, patents, logos, licenses, and computer software programs (including, without limitation, the source codes thereto) that are necessary for the operation of the Business as presently conducted (the “Company Intellectual Property”). To the Knowledge of the Company, the Company’s and the Company Subsidiaries’ licenses to use software programs that are material to the Business are current. To the Knowledge of the Company, none of the Company Intellectual Property or the Company License Agreements infringe upon the rights of any third party that may give rise to a material cause of action or material claim against the Company, the Company Subsidiary, their Affiliates or their successors. The term “Company License Agreements” means any license agreements granting any right to use or practice any rights under any intellectual property (except for such agreements for off-the-shelf products that are generally available for less than $100), and any written settlements relating to any intellectual property, to which the Company or the Company Subsidiary is a party or otherwise bound.
Section 4.20. Tax Matters
The Company has not taken or agreed to take any action and to the Knowledge of the Company, there are no facts or circumstances that could reasonably be expected to prevent the Merger from qualifying for the Intended Tax Treatment.
Section 4.21. Insurance
(a) Section 4.21(a) of the Company Disclosure Schedule sets forth, with respect to each material insurance policy under which the Company is an insured, a named insured or otherwise the principal beneficiary of coverage as of the date of this Agreement (i) the names of the insurer, the principal insured and each named insured, (ii) the policy number, (iii) the period, scope and amount of coverage and (iv) the premium most recently charged.
(b) With respect to each such insurance policy, except as would not be expected to result, individually or in the aggregate, in a Company Material Adverse Effect: (i) the policy is legal, valid, binding and enforceable in accordance with its terms (subject to the Remedies Exceptions) and, except for policies that have expired under their terms in the ordinary course, is in full force and effect; (ii) the Company is not in material breach or default (including any such breach or default with respect to the payment of premiums or the giving of notice), and no event has occurred that, with notice or the lapse of time, would constitute such a breach or default, or permit termination or modification, under the policy; and (iii) to the Knowledge of the Company, no insurer on the policy has been declared insolvent or placed in receivership, conservatorship or liquidation.
Section 4.22. Exchange Act
The Company Shares are not currently (nor have they previously been) required to be registered with the SEC pursuant to the requirements of Section 12 of the Exchange Act.
Section 4.23. [RESERVED]
Section 4.24. Not an Investment Company
The Company is not an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
Section 4.25. Company Permits
The Company and each Company Subsidiary holds all Permits necessary to lawfully conduct its business as presently conducted (collectively, the “Company Permits”), except where the failure to obtain or maintain the same, individually or in the aggregate, has not had and would not reasonably be expected to be material to the Company and the Company Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or limit the ability of the Company to perform on a timely basis its obligations under this Agreement or any agreement contemplated hereby to which it is or will be a party. As of the date of this Agreement, each material Company Permit is in full force and effect and (a) except as would not reasonably be expected to be material to the Company and Company Subsidiaries as a whole, no suspension or cancellation of any of the Company Permits is pending or, to the Company’s Knowledge, threatened, (b) neither the Company nor any Company Subsidiary is in violation in any material respect of the terms of any material Company Permit, and (c) except as would not reasonably be expected to be material to the Company and the Company Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, there has not been and there is not any pending or, to the Company’s Knowledge, threatened, Action, investigation or disciplinary proceeding by or from any Governmental Authority against the Company or any Company Subsidiary involving any Company Permit and neither the Company nor any Company Subsidiary has received any written or, to the Knowledge of the Company, oral, notice of any Actions from any Governmental Authority relating to the revocation or material modification of any Company Permit.
Section 4.26. Taxes and Returns
(a) The Company and each Company Subsidiary has (i) timely filed, or caused to be timely filed, all material Tax Returns required to be filed by it, which such Tax Returns are true, accurate, correct and complete in all material respects, and (ii) timely paid, or caused to be timely paid, all material Taxes required to be paid by it, other than such Taxes being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and for which adequate reserves have been established in the Company Financial Statements in accordance with GAAP.
(b) The Company and each Company Subsidiary has complied in all material respects with all applicable Tax Laws relating to withholding and remittance of Taxes, and all material amounts of Taxes required by applicable Tax Laws to be withheld have been withheld and timely paid over to the appropriate Governmental Authority, including with respect to any amounts owing to or from any employee, independent contractor, shareholder, creditor, or other third party.
(c) There are no material claims, assessments, audits, examinations, investigations or other Actions pending, in progress or threatened in writing against the Company or any Company Subsidiary in respect of Taxes, and neither the Company nor any Company Subsidiary has been notified in writing of any material proposed Tax claims or assessments against any it.
(d) There are no material Liens with respect to any Taxes upon any assets of the Company or any Company Subsidiary, other than Permitted Liens. Neither the Company nor any Company Subsidiary has any outstanding waivers or extensions of any applicable statute of limitations to assess any material amount of Taxes. There are no outstanding written requests by the Company or any Company Subsidiary for any extension of time within which to file any Tax Return or within which to pay any Taxes (other than customary extensions requested in the ordinary course of business). No written claim has been made by any Governmental Authority with respect to a jurisdiction in which the Company or any Company Subsidiary does not file a Tax Return that such party is or may be subject to Tax in that jurisdiction that would be the subject of or covered by such Tax Return, which claim remains outstanding.
(e) Neither the Company nor any Company Subsidiary has a permanent establishment, branch or representative office in any country other than the country of its organization, and neither the Company nor any Company Subsidiary is or has been treated for any Tax purpose as a resident in a country other than the country of its incorporation or formation.
(f) Neither the Company nor any Company Subsidiary is or has ever been a member of any consolidated, combined, unitary or affiliated group of corporations for any Tax purposes (other than a group the common parent of which is or was the Company or the only members of which were or are Company Subsidiaries). Neither the Company nor any Company Subsidiary has any material Liability for the Taxes of another Person (other than a Company Subsidiary) under Treasury Regulation Section 1.1502-6 (or similar provision of state, local or non-U.S. Law), as a transferee or successor, or by Contract (other than, in each case, Liabilities for Taxes pursuant to customary commercial Contracts not primarily related to Taxes). Neither the Company nor any Company Subsidiary is a party to or bound by any Tax indemnity agreement, Tax sharing agreement, Tax allocation agreement or similar Contract with respect to Taxes (other than customary commercial Contracts not primarily related to Taxes).
(g) Neither the Company nor any Company Subsidiary is the subject of any material private letter ruling, technical advice memorandum, closing agreement, settlement agreement or similar ruling, memorandum or agreement with any Governmental Authority with respect to Taxes, nor is there any written request by a Company Subsidiary outstanding for any such ruling, memorandum or agreement.
(h) In the past five years, neither the Company nor any Company Subsidiary has distributed stock of another Person, or has had its shares distributed by another Person, in a transaction that was purported or intended to be governed in whole or in part by Section 355 or Section 361 of the Code.
(i) Neither the Company nor any Company Subsidiary has been a party to any reportable transactions as defined in Treasury Regulations Section 1.6011-4(b)(2) (or any analogous or similar provision under any U.S. state or local or foreign Tax law addressing tax avoidance transactions).
(j) Neither the Company nor any Company Subsidiary will be required to include any material item of income in, or exclude any material item of deduction from, taxable income for any period (or any portion thereof) beginning after the Closing Date as a result of any (i) installment sale or open transaction disposition made by the Company or any Company Subsidiary prior to the Closing, (ii) change in any method of accounting of the Company or any Company Subsidiary for any taxable period (or portion thereof) ending on or prior to the Closing Date made or required to be made prior to the Closing, (iii) “closing agreement” as described in Section 7121 of the Code (or any comparable, analogous or similar provision under any state, local or foreign Tax law) executed by the Company or Company Subsidiary prior to the Closing, or (iv) any prepaid amount or deferred revenue received or accrued prior to the Closing outside the ordinary course of business.
(k) Neither the Company nor any Company Subsidiary has taken, or agreed to take, any action that would reasonably be expected to prevent the relevant portions of the Transactions from qualifying for the Intended Tax Treatment. To the Knowledge of the Company, there are no facts or circumstances that would reasonably be expected to prevent the relevant portions of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement from qualifying for the Intended Tax Treatment.
(l) Neither the Company’s execution nor performance of its obligations under this Agreement, nor the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, will result in a material charge or Tax to arise on the Company or any Company Subsidiary or in any claw back of any material Tax relief previously given to the Company or any Company Subsidiary.
Section 4.27. Data Protection and Cybersecurity
(a) For the purposes of this Section 4.27, the terms “personal data breach” and “processing” (and its cognates) shall have the meaning given to them in the General Data Protection Regulation.
(b) The Company (i) has implemented and maintains commercially reasonable technical and organizational measures designed to protect personal data relating to the business of the Company against personal data breaches and cybersecurity incidents and (ii) complies in all material respects with all contractual obligations to which it is bound relating to the privacy, security, processing, transfer and confidentiality of Personal Data, except to the extent any non-compliance, either individually or in the aggregate, would not reasonably be expected to be material to the Company.
(c) Except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, be material to the Company, taken as a whole, since January 13, 2025, the Company has not (i) been subject to any actual, pending or, to the Knowledge of the Company, threatened in writing, investigations, notices or requests from any Governmental Authority in relation to its data processing or cybersecurity activities, or (ii) received any actual, pending or, to the Knowledge of the Company, threatened, claims from individuals alleging any violation of Data Protection Laws.
Section 4.28. Certain Business Practices; International Trade Laws
(a) For the past five years, the Company has been in compliance with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and all other applicable anti-corruption and anti-bribery Laws, in all material respects. The Company is not subject to any Action by any Governmental Authority involving any actual or, to the Knowledge of the Company, suspected, violation of any applicable anti-corruption Law.
(b) For the past five years, neither the Company nor any of its directors, officers or, to the Knowledge of the Company, employees or Representatives, when acting on behalf of the Company, has used any funds for unlawful contributions, gifts, entertainment or other unlawful expenses relating to political activity.
(c) The Company is, and at all times in the past five years (and since April 24, 2019, with respect to Sanctions) has been in compliance with all applicable International Trade Laws. Neither the Company nor any of its directors or officers nor, to the Knowledge of the Company, any other Representative acting on behalf of the Company is a sanctioned person. The Company has obtained, and is in compliance with, all export licenses, registrations, declarations, classifications, and filings with any Governmental Authority required for (i) the export and re-export of its products, services, software, and technologies, and (ii) releases of technologies and software for foreign nationals located in the United States and abroad. Since April 24, 2019, the Company has not, directly or, knowingly, indirectly, used any funds, or loaned, contributed or otherwise made available such funds to any Company Subsidiary, joint venture partner or other Person, for the purpose of financing the activities of or with any sanctioned person or in any sanctioned jurisdiction, in either case in violation of sanctions. Neither the Company nor any of its directors or officers nor, to the Knowledge of the Company, any other Representative acting on behalf of the Company has, in the past five years (and since April 24, 2019 with respect to Sanctions), engaged in (A) dealings with a sanctioned person or involving a sanctioned jurisdiction, in either case in violation of sanctions, (B) dealings that could reasonably be expected to result in the Company becoming a sanctioned person, or (C) conduct or activity in violation of international trade Laws. The Company has not made any self-disclosures, or been the subject of any fines, penalties or sanctions, or otherwise involved in investigations or enforcement actions by any Governmental Authority with respect to any actual or alleged violations of applicable international trade Laws and has not been notified of any such pending or threatened actions.
Section 4.29. Finders and Brokers
No broker, finder or investment banker or other Person is entitled to any brokerage, finder’s or other fee or commission from the Company, any Company Subsidiary, or any of their respective Affiliates in connection with this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby upon arrangements made by or on behalf of the Company, any Company Subsidiary, or their respective Affiliates.
Section 4.30. No Additional Representations or Warranties
Except as specifically provided in this Agreement, the Company has not made, nor is it making, any representation or warranty whatsoever to Purchaser or any of its Affiliates and, except in the case of fraud, no such Person shall be liable in respect of the accuracy or completeness of any information or documents (including any projections on the future performance of the Business) provided to Purchaser or any of its Affiliates.
ARTICLE V. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF PURCHASER
AND MERGER SUB
All representations and warranties set forth herein are made as of the Execution Date and subject to the exceptions noted in the disclosure schedules, if any, delivered to the Company by Purchaser concurrently herewith and identified by the Parties as the “Purchaser Disclosure Schedule.” All representations and warranties set forth herein are qualified by the Purchaser SEC Reports (as defined below) filed by Purchaser prior to the date of this Agreement. No specific representation or warranty will limit the generality or applicability of a more general representation or warranty. Each individual section of the Purchaser Disclosure Schedule will be numbered to correspond to the paragraph of the section of this Agreement to which it relates. Purchaser and Merger Sub (each sometimes referred to individually as a “Purchaser Party” and collectively as the “Purchaser Parties”) hereby represent and warrant to the Company as follows:
Section 5.1. Organization
(a) Each of Purchaser and Merger Sub is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware.
(b) Set forth on Section 5.1(b) of the Purchaser Disclosure Schedule is a complete and accurate list of all of Purchaser’s Subsidiaries, including the date and jurisdiction of formation or incorporation of each such Subsidiary.
(c) Each of Purchaser and each Subsidiary of Purchaser has the requisite power and authority, corporate or otherwise, to own, operate, lease, or otherwise hold and operate its properties and other assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Each of Purchaser and each Subsidiary of Purchaser is duly licensed or qualified to do business and is in good standing (with respect to jurisdictions that recognize that concept) in each jurisdiction in which the nature of its business or the ownership, leasing, or operation of its properties or other assets makes such qualification, licensing or good standing necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified, licensed or in good standing, individually or in the aggregate, has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a Purchaser Material Adverse Effect.
(d) Merger Sub does not hold and has not held any material assets or incurred any material liabilities and has not carried on any business activities other than in connection with the Merger.
(e) Purchaser has delivered to the Company the Organizational Documents of each Subsidiary of Purchaser.
Section 5.2. Due Authorization
Each of Purchaser and Merger Sub has all requisite power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and to perform its obligations hereunder and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby. The execution and delivery by each of Purchaser and Merger Sub of this Agreement and the performance of its obligations hereunder and the consummation by each of them of the transactions contemplated hereby have been duly and validly authorized by each such Purchaser Party, and no other action on the part of such Purchaser Party is necessary. This Agreement has been duly and validly executed and delivered by each Purchaser Party and, assuming the due authorization, execution, and delivery by the Company, is the legal, valid, and binding obligation of such Purchaser Party, enforceable against such Purchaser Party in accordance with its terms, except as the enforceability may be limited by (a) applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium, reorganization, fraudulent conveyance, or similar laws in effect that affect the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally or (b) general principles of equity. The affirmative vote or written consent of Purchaser as the sole stockholder of Merger Sub is the only vote of the holders of any of Merger Sub’s capital stock necessary to adopt and approve this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, including the Merger.
Section 5.3. No Conflict
The execution and delivery of this Agreement by each of Purchaser and Merger Sub, and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, do not and will not violate any provision of, or result in the breach of, any applicable Law, rule, or regulation of any Governmental Authority, the Organizational Documents of such Purchaser Party, or any agreement, indenture, or other instrument to which such Purchaser Party is a party or by which such Purchaser Party may be bound, or of any Governmental Order applicable to such Purchaser Party, or terminate or result in the termination of any such agreement, indenture, or instrument, or result in the creation of any Lien upon any of the properties or assets of such Purchaser Party or constitute an event that, after notice or lapse of time or both, would result in any such violation, breach, acceleration, termination, or creation of a Lien or result in a violation or revocation of any Permit from any Governmental Authority or other Person, except to the extent that the occurrence of any of the foregoing would not have a material adverse effect on the ability of such Purchaser Party to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement.
Section 5.4. Governmental Authorities; Consents
No material consent, approval or authorization of, or designation, declaration or filing with, any Governmental Authority or other third party is required on the part of either Purchaser Party with respect to such Purchaser Party’s execution, delivery, and performance of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, except for any approvals required by Nasdaq in connection with the Nasdaq Proposals and the Nasdaq Listing Application, or as otherwise set forth in Section 5.4 of the Purchaser Disclosure Schedule.
Section 5.5. Brokers
No Person has acted directly or indirectly as a broker, finder, or financial advisor for Purchaser or Merger Sub in connection with the negotiations relating to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement for which Purchaser or Merger Sub will become obligated to pay a fee or commission.
Section 5.6. Legal Proceedings
There are no Actions pending or, to the Knowledge of Purchaser, threatened, against or by Purchaser or any Affiliate of Purchaser that challenge or seek to prevent, enjoin, or otherwise delay the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
Section 5.7. Capitalization of Purchaser
(a) The authorized share capital of Purchaser (the “Purchaser Equity”) consists of 275,000,000 shares of capital stock, of which (i) 250,000,000 shares of Purchaser Common Stock are authorized for issuance, and (ii) 25,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share, are authorized for issuance (the “Preferred Stock”). An aggregate of 200,000 shares of Preferred Stock have been designated Class A Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Class A Preferred Stock”) and an aggregate of 15,000 shares of Preferred Stock have been designated Class B Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Class B Preferred Stock”). As of October 9, 2025, an aggregate of 13,955,890 shares of Purchaser Common Stock, no shares of Class A Preferred Stock, and 12,190 Class B Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding. All of the issued and outstanding Purchaser Common Stock and the shares of Class B Preferred Stock have been duly authorized and are validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable. All of the issued and outstanding shares of Purchaser Common Stock and shares of Class B Preferred Stock constitute all of the issued and outstanding share capital of Purchaser.
(b) Except as set forth on Section 5.7(b) of the Purchaser Disclosure Schedule, there are no outstanding or authorized options, warrants, convertible securities, or other rights, agreements, arrangements, or commitments of any character relating to the Purchaser Equity or obligating Purchaser to issue or sell any equity of, or any other interest in, Purchaser. Except as set forth on of the Purchaser Disclosure Schedule, there are not outstanding (i) equity appreciation, phantom equity, profit participation, or similar rights with respect to Purchaser or (ii) voting trusts, proxies, member agreements, or other agreements or understandings related to the voting or transfer of any outstanding voting interests of Purchaser.
(c) Merger Sub is authorized to issue 1,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Merger Sub Common Stock”), of which 100 shares are issued and outstanding as of the date hereof. Purchaser owns all of the issued and outstanding shares of Merger Sub Common Stock, and no other shares of capital stock or other securities of Merger Sub are issued, reserved for issuance, or outstanding. All issued and outstanding shares of Merger Sub Common Stock are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and are not subject to, and were not issued in violation of, any purchase option, right of first refusal, preemptive right, subscription right or any similar right under any provision of the DGCL, Merger Sub’s Organizational Documents or any contract to which Merger Sub is a party or by which Merger Sub is bound. There are no outstanding contractual obligations of Merger Sub to repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any shares of Merger Sub Common Stock or any other equity securities of Merger Sub. There are no outstanding contractual obligations of Merger Sub to provide funds to, or make any investment (in the form of a loan, capital contribution or otherwise) in, any other Person.
(d) Other than as set forth in Section 5.7(d) of the Purchaser Disclosure Schedule, Purchaser owns 100% of the equity interests in each Subsidiary of Purchaser, and no Person has any options, warrants, or other rights to acquire any equity securities in any Subsidiary of Purchaser.
(e) All the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of, or other equity interests in, each Subsidiary of Purchaser have been validly issued and are fully paid and non-assessable and are owned directly or indirectly by Purchaser free and clear of all Liens. Except for the Subsidiaries of Purchaser, Purchaser does not own, directly or indirectly, as of the Execution Date, (a) any capital stock of, or other equity interests in, any Person or (b) any other interest or participation that confers on Purchaser or any Subsidiary of Purchaser the right to receive (i) a share of the profits and losses of, or distributions of assets of, any other Person or (ii) any economic benefit or right similar to, or derived from, the economic benefits and rights occurring to holders of capital stock of any other Person.
Section 5.8. Financings
There are no material financing arrangements, Indebtedness, common share equivalent (including notes, warrants, etc.) and other debt/equity obligations of Purchaser that are currently in effect.
Section 5.9. SEC Filings; Internal Controls; Financial Statements
(a) Except as set forth in Section 5.9 of the Purchaser Disclosure Schedule, Purchaser has timely filed or furnished all statements, forms, reports and documents required to be filed or furnished by it prior to the date of this Agreement with the SEC pursuant to the Securities Act and the Exchange Act since January 1, 2022 (collectively, and together with any information incorporated therein by reference, and as they have been supplemented, modified or amended since the time of filing, the “Purchaser SEC Reports”). Each of the Purchaser SEC Reports, as of their respective dates of filing, and as of the date of any amendment or filing that superseded the initial filing, complied in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act. As of their respective dates of filing, each Purchaser SEC Report did not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.
(b) There are no outstanding loans or other extensions of credit made by Purchaser to any executive officer (as defined in Rule 3b-7 under the Exchange Act) or director of Purchaser. Purchaser has not, including through any Subsidiary of Purchaser, taken any action prohibited by Section 402 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
(c) Purchaser has complied in all material respects with all applicable Nasdaq listing and corporate governance rules and regulations. The books of account, minute books and transfer ledgers and other similar books and records of Purchaser and its Subsidiaries have been maintained in accordance with good business practice, are complete and correct in all material respects, and there have been no material transactions that are required to be set forth therein that have not been so set forth.
(d) There are no outstanding or unresolved comments in any comment letters received from the SEC with respect to the Purchaser SEC Reports. To the Knowledge of Purchaser, none of the Purchaser SEC Reports is subject to ongoing SEC review or investigation as of the date hereof.
(e) Except as is not required in reliance on exemptions from various reporting requirements by virtue of Purchaser’s status as a “smaller reporting company” within the meaning of the Exchange Act, since its initial public offering, (i) Purchaser has established and maintained a system of internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15 and Rule 15d-15 under the Exchange Act) sufficient to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of Purchaser’s financial reporting and the preparation of the Purchaser Financial Statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP and (ii) Purchaser has established and maintained disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15 and Rule 15d-15 under the Exchange Act) reasonably designed to ensure that all material information concerning Purchaser and its Subsidiaries and other material information required to be disclosed by Purchaser in the reports that it files or furnishes under the Exchange Act is made known on a timely basis to the individuals responsible for the preparation of Purchaser SEC filings and other public disclosure documents.
(f) The Purchaser SEC Reports contain true and complete copies of the applicable Purchaser Financial Statements. Except as disclosed in the Purchaser SEC Reports, the Purchaser Financial Statements (i) fairly present in all material respects the financial position of Purchaser as at the respective dates thereof, and the results of its operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the respective periods then ended (subject, in the case of any unaudited interim financial statements, to normal year-end audit adjustments (none of which is expected to be material) and the absence of footnotes), (ii) were prepared in conformity with GAAP applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (except, in the case of any audited financial statements, as may be indicated in the notes thereto and subject, in the case of any unaudited financial statements, to normal year-end audit adjustments (none of which is expected to be material) and the absence of footnotes), (iii) in the case of the audited Purchaser Financial Statements, were audited in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB, and (iv) comply in all material respects with the applicable accounting requirements and with the rules and regulations of the SEC, the Exchange Act and the Securities Act in effect as of the respective dates thereof (including Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K, as applicable).
(g) Except as set forth in Section 5.09(g) of the Purchaser Disclosure Schedule, to the Knowledge of Purchaser, Purchaser has not received any written complaint, allegation, assertion or claim that, as alleged therein, would constitute (i) a “significant deficiency” in the internal control over financial reporting of Purchaser, (ii) a “material weakness” in the internal control over financial reporting of Purchaser, or (iii) fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees of Purchaser who have a significant role in the internal control over financial reporting of Purchaser.
Section 5.10. Solvency
Based on the consolidated financial condition of Purchaser, (i) fair saleable value of Purchaser’s assets exceeds the amount that will be required to be paid on or in respect of Purchaser’s existing debts and other liabilities (including known contingent liabilities) as they mature, (ii) Purchaser’s assets do not constitute unreasonably small capital to carry on its business as now conducted and as proposed to be conducted including its capital needs taking into account the particular capital requirements of the business conducted by Purchaser, consolidated and projected capital requirements and capital availability thereof, and (iii) the current cash flow of Purchaser, were it to liquidate all of its assets, after taking into account all anticipated uses of the cash, would be sufficient to pay all amounts on or in respect of its liabilities when such amounts are required to be paid. Purchaser does not intend to incur debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature (taking into account the timing and amounts of cash to be payable on or in respect of its debt). Purchaser has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances that lead it to believe that it will file for reorganization or liquidation under the bankruptcy or reorganization laws of any jurisdiction within one year from the Closing Date. Neither Purchaser nor any of its Subsidiaries is in default with respect to any Indebtedness.
Section 5.11. Absence of Certain Changes
From January 1, 2021 until the date of this Agreement: (a) Purchaser and its Subsidiaries have conducted their respective businesses in the Ordinary Course of Business; (b) there has not been any Purchaser Material Adverse Effect; and (c) neither Purchaser nor any of its Subsidiaries has taken any action that, if taken after the date of this Agreement and prior to the consummation of the Merger, would require the consent of the Company pursuant to Section 7.1(b), except where the Company has given such consent.
Section 5.12. Issuance of Exchange Shares
(a) The Exchange Shares and Exchange RSUs constituting the Exchange Consideration, when issued in accordance with this Agreement, will be duly authorized and validly issued, and the Exchange Shares will be fully paid and nonassessable.
Section 5.13. Corporate Records
Since January 1, 2021, all proceedings of the board of directors of Purchaser, including all committees thereof, and of the Purchaser Stockholders, and all consents to actions taken thereby, are, in all material respects, accurately reflected in the minutes and records contained in the corporate minute books of Purchaser and made available to the Company. The stockholder ledger of Purchaser is true, correct and complete in all material respects.
Section 5.14. Legal Compliance
Since January 1, 2021, each of Purchaser and its Subsidiaries (a) has conducted its business and operations in compliance with all Laws and Governmental Orders applicable thereto other than any such non-compliance that individually or in the aggregate could not have a Purchaser Material Adverse Effect, and (b) has not received any written or, to the Knowledge of Purchaser, oral, communications from a Governmental Authority that alleges that Purchaser or such Subsidiary is not in compliance with any such Law or Governmental Order.
Section 5.15. Properties; Title to Assets
(a) All tangible personal property and interests therein, including computers and accessories, furniture, office equipment, communications equipment, automobiles, and other equipment owned or leased by Purchaser and its Subsidiaries (the “Tangible Personal Property”) are, to the Knowledge of Purchaser, in good operating condition and repair and function in accordance with their intended uses (ordinary wear and tear excepted), have been properly maintained and are suitable for their present uses and meet all specifications and warranty requirements with respect thereto, in each case in all material respects. All of the Tangible Personal Property is located at the offices or properties of Purchaser or its Subsidiaries.
(b) Purchaser or a Subsidiary of Purchaser has good, valid and marketable title in and to, or in the case of the leases and the assets that are leased or licensed pursuant to Contracts, a valid leasehold interest or license in or a right to use, all of the tangible assets reflected on Purchaser’s most recent balance sheet. No such tangible asset is subject to any Lien other than Permitted Liens.
Section 5.16. Material Contracts
(a) Section 5.16(a) of the Purchaser Disclosure Schedule sets forth a complete and correct list, as of the date of this Agreement, of all of the Material Contracts of Purchaser, as amended to date, that are currently in effect.
(b) Each Material Contract of Purchaser is (i) valid and binding on Purchaser or the applicable Subsidiaries of Purchaser that are party thereto and, to the Knowledge of Purchaser, the counterparties thereto, (ii) in full force and effect, and (iii) enforceable by and against Purchaser and/or its Subsidiaries that are a party thereto and, to the Knowledge of Purchaser, each counterparty thereto, except, in the case of this clause (iii), as the enforceability may be limited by (A) applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium, reorganization, fraudulent conveyance, or similar laws in effect that affect the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally or (B) general principles of equity. Neither Purchaser nor its Subsidiaries party thereto nor, to the Knowledge of Purchaser, any other party to a Material Contract of Purchaser, is in material breach or default (whether with or without the passage of time or the giving of notice or both) under the terms of any such Material Contract. None of Purchaser or its Subsidiaries has assigned, delegated, or otherwise transferred any of its rights or obligations under any Material Contract of Purchaser or granted any power of attorney with respect thereto (other than, in each case, to Purchaser or one or more of its Subsidiaries).
(c) Each of Purchaser and its Subsidiaries that are a party thereto is in compliance in all material respects with all covenants, including all financial covenants, in all notes, indentures, bonds, and other instruments or Contracts establishing or evidencing any Indebtedness to which it is a party. The consummation and closing of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement will not cause or result in an event of default under any instruments or Contracts establishing or evidencing any Indebtedness, other than to the extent any such event of default would not have a Purchaser Material Adverse Effect.
Section 5.17. Permits
Each of Purchaser and each Subsidiary of Purchaser has all licenses, franchises, permits, orders, approvals, consents, or other similar authorizations or approvals of a Governmental Authority required to be obtained and maintained by Purchaser or any Subsidiary thereof under applicable Law to carry out its business as currently conducted (“Permits”), the lack of which has had or would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Purchaser Material Adverse Effect. None of Purchaser nor any Subsidiary of Purchaser is or, with the giving notice, the lapse of time or otherwise, would be, in default in any material respect under any of such Permits or other similar authority.
Section 5.18. Intellectual Property
(a) Purchaser and each Subsidiary thereof (i) owns and possesses, free and clear of all Liens (other than Permitted Liens), all right, title and interest in or has a valid and enforceable written license or rights to use, all Intellectual Property used by it in the operation of its business as presently conducted and (ii) owns and possesses all right, title and interest in and to all Intellectual Property created or developed by or on behalf of, or otherwise under the direction or supervision of, its employees or independent contractors, relating to its business.
(b) There are no claims against Purchaser or any Subsidiary of Purchaser that were either made since January 1, 2021, or are presently pending contesting the validity, use, ownership or enforceability of any of Intellectual Property of Purchaser or applicable Subsidiary and, to the Knowledge of Purchaser, there is no reasonable basis for any such claim. Neither Purchaser nor any Subsidiary of Purchaser has infringed or misappropriated, and the operation of its business as currently conducted does not infringe or misappropriate, any registered Intellectual Property rights of other Persons. Neither Purchaser nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any written notice regarding any of the foregoing (including any demand or offer to license any Intellectual Property rights from any other Person). To the Knowledge of Purchaser, no third party has infringed or misappropriated any of the Intellectual Property of Purchaser or any Subsidiary of Purchaser. The transactions contemplated by this Agreement will not impair the right, title or interest of Purchaser or any Subsidiary of Purchaser in and to the Intellectual Property of Purchaser or the applicable Subsidiary and all of the Intellectual Property of Purchaser and its Subsidiaries will be owned or available for use by it immediately after the Closing on terms and conditions identical to those under which Purchaser or such Subsidiary owned or used such Intellectual Property immediately prior to the Closing. Purchaser and its Subsidiaries have taken commercially reasonable efforts to protect their Intellectual Property from infringement, misappropriation, and unauthorized disclosure.
(c) For the three years prior hereto, neither Purchaser nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any written notice of any actual or alleged breaches of security (including theft and unauthorized use, access, collection, processing, storage, disposal, destruction, transfer, disclosure, interruption or modification by any Person) of (i) the systems, hardware, software, network, or equipment of Purchaser or any such Subsidiary, including all information stored or contained therein or transmitted thereby, or (ii) any data in the possession or control of Purchaser or any Subsidiary of Purchaser about or from an individual that is protected by or subject to any data protection, privacy or security Laws, including protected health information.
(d) Purchaser and each Subsidiary of Purchaser has complied in all material respects at all times for the three years prior hereto with all relevant requirements of any applicable data protection Law, its own data protection principles, requests from data subjects for access to data held by it and any Law relating to the registration of data users. Neither Purchaser nor any Subsidiary thereof has received any notification from a Governmental Authority regarding noncompliance or violation of any data protection principles or Law. No Person has claimed any compensation from Purchaser or any Subsidiary thereof for the loss of or unauthorized disclosure or transfer of personal data and no facts or circumstances exist that might give rise to such a claim. Neither Purchaser nor any Subsidiary of Purchaser has undergone any audit or regulatory inquiry from any Governmental Authority with respect to privacy and/or data security of personally identifiable information and, to the Knowledge of Purchaser, neither Purchaser nor any Subsidiary of Purchaser is subject to any current inquiry from any Governmental Authority (including complaints from any individuals provided to such Governmental Authority) regarding the same. Purchaser has taken, and has caused each of its Subsidiaries to take, reasonable commercial steps to preserve the availability, security, and integrity of the information systems and the data and information stored on the information systems owned or exclusively controlled by Purchaser or any such Subsidiary. During the past three years, Purchaser has maintained and has caused its Subsidiaries to maintain, and each of Purchaser and its Subsidiaries continues to maintain, safeguards, security measures, and procedures to protect against the unauthorized access, destruction, loss, or alteration of customer data or information (including any personally identifiable information) in their possession or control.
Section 5.19. Insurance
Purchaser and each Subsidiary of Purchaser maintains insurance with respect to its properties and its business against loss or damages of the kinds customarily insured against by companies engaged in the same or similar businesses as Purchaser or such Subsidiary, in such amounts that are commercially reasonable and customarily carried under similar circumstances by such other companies. All premiums for such insurance policies have been paid, and no written notice of cancellation, termination, or non-renewal has been received by Purchaser or any of its Subsidiaries with respect to any insurance policy. Neither Purchaser nor any Subsidiary thereof has received any written notice of denial or dispute of coverage for, and to the Knowledge of Purchaser, no insurer has otherwise denied or disputed coverage for, any claim under an insurance policy where the current actual or potential liability of or loss to Purchaser or any Subsidiary of Purchaser may exceed $150,000 in the aggregate.
Section 5.20. Environmental Laws
Each of Purchaser and each Subsidiary of Purchaser is, and since January 1, 2021, has been, in compliance in all material respects with all Environmental Laws, and there are no, and since January 1, 2021, there have not been any, Actions pending or, to the Knowledge of Purchaser, threatened, against Purchaser or any Subsidiary of Purchaser alleging any failure to so comply. None of Purchaser nor any Subsidiary of Purchaser has: (a) received any notice of any alleged claim, violation of, or liability under any Environmental Law or any claim of potential liability with regard to any Hazardous Material; (b) disposed of, emitted, discharged, handled, stored, transported, used, or released any Hazardous Material; arranged for the disposal, discharge, storage, or release of any Hazardous Material; or exposed any employee or other individual or property to any Hazardous Material; or (c) entered into any agreement that may require it to guarantee, reimburse, pledge, defend, hold harmless or indemnify any other Person with respect to liabilities arising out of Environmental Laws or the Hazardous Material activity. There are no Hazardous Materials in, on, or under any properties currently or formerly owned, leased, or used at any time by Purchaser or any Subsidiary of Purchaser.
Section 5.21. Affiliate Transactions
Except as described in the Purchaser SEC Reports, there are no transactions, agreements, arrangements, or understandings between Purchaser or any of its Subsidiaries, on the one hand, and any director, officer, employee, stockholder, warrant holder, or Affiliate of Purchaser or any of its subsidiaries, on the other hand.
Section 5.22. Taxes and Returns
(a) Except as set forth in Section 5.22(a) of the Purchaser Disclosure Schedule, Purchaser and each Subsidiary thereof has (i) timely filed, or caused to be timely filed, all material Tax Returns required to be filed by it, which such Tax Returns are true, accurate, correct and complete in all material respects, and (ii) timely paid, or caused to be timely paid, all material Taxes required to be paid by it, other than such Taxes being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and for which adequate reserves have been established in Purchaser’s financial statements in accordance with GAAP.
(b) Purchaser and each Subsidiary thereof has complied in all material respects with all applicable Tax Laws relating to withholding and remittance of Taxes, and all material amounts of Taxes required by applicable Tax Laws to be withheld have been withheld and timely paid over to the appropriate Governmental Authority, including with respect to any amounts owing to or from any employee, independent contractor, shareholder, creditor, or other third party.
(c) There are no material claims, assessments, audits, examinations, investigations or other Actions pending, in progress or threatened in writing against Purchaser or any Subsidiary thereof in respect of Taxes, and neither Purchaser nor any Subsidiary thereof has been notified in writing of any material proposed Tax claims or assessments against any it.
(d) There are no material Liens with respect to any Taxes upon any assets of Purchaser or any Subsidiary thereof, other than Permitted Liens. Neither Purchaser nor any Subsidiary thereof has any outstanding waivers or extensions of any applicable statute of limitations to assess any material amount of Taxes. There are no outstanding written requests by Purchaser or any Subsidiary thereof for any extension of time within which to file any Tax Return or within which to pay any Taxes (other than customary extensions requested in the ordinary course of business). No written claim has been made by any Governmental Authority with respect to a jurisdiction in which Purchaser or any Subsidiary thereof does not file a Tax Return that such party is or may be subject to Tax in that jurisdiction that would be the subject of or covered by such Tax Return, which claim remains outstanding.
(e) Neither Purchaser nor any Subsidiary thereof has a permanent establishment, branch or representative office in any country other than the country of its organization, and neither Purchaser nor any Subsidiary thereof is or has been treated for any Tax purpose as a resident in a country other than the country of its incorporation or formation.
(f) Neither Purchaser nor any Subsidiary thereof is or has ever been a member of any consolidated, combined, unitary or affiliated group of corporations for any Tax purposes (other than a group the common parent of which is or was Purchaser or the only members of which were or are Subsidiaries thereof). Neither Purchaser nor any Subsidiary thereof has any material Liability for the Taxes of another Person (other than a Subsidiary of Purchaser) under Treasury Regulation Section 1.1502-6 (or similar provision of state, local or non-U.S. Law), as a transferee or successor, or by Contract (other than, in each case, Liabilities for Taxes pursuant to customary commercial Contracts not primarily related to Taxes). Neither Purchaser nor any Subsidiary thereof is a party to or bound by any Tax indemnity agreement, Tax sharing agreement, Tax allocation agreement or similar Contract with respect to Taxes (other than customary commercial Contracts not primarily related to Taxes).
(g) Neither Purchaser nor any Subsidiary thereof is the subject of any material private letter ruling, technical advice memorandum, closing agreement, settlement agreement or similar ruling, memorandum or agreement with any Governmental Authority with respect to Taxes, nor is there any written request by a Subsidiary of Purchaser outstanding for any such ruling, memorandum or agreement.
(h) In the past five years, neither Purchaser nor any Subsidiary thereof has distributed stock of another Person, or has had its shares distributed by another Person, in a transaction that was purported or intended to be governed in whole or in part by Section 355 or Section 361 of the Code.
(i) Neither Purchaser nor any Subsidiary thereof has been a party to any reportable transactions as defined in Treasury Regulations Section 1.6011-4(b)(2) (or any analogous or similar provision under any U.S. state or local or foreign Tax law addressing tax avoidance transactions).
(j) Neither Purchaser nor any Subsidiary thereof will be required to include any material item of income in, or exclude any material item of deduction from, taxable income for any period (or any portion thereof) beginning after the Closing Date as a result of any (i) installment sale or open transaction disposition made by Purchaser or any Subsidiary thereof prior to the Closing, (ii) change in any method of accounting of Purchaser or any Subsidiary thereof for any taxable period (or portion thereof) ending on or prior to the Closing Date made or required to be made prior to the Closing, (iii) “closing agreement” as described in Section 7121 of the Code (or any comparable, analogous or similar provision under any state, local or foreign Tax law) executed by Purchaser or any Subsidiary thereof prior to the Closing, or (iv) any prepaid amount or deferred revenue received or accrued prior to the Closing outside the ordinary course of business.
(k) Neither Purchaser nor any Subsidiary thereof has taken, or agreed to take, any action that would reasonably be expected to prevent the relevant portions of the Transactions from qualifying for the Intended Tax Treatment. To the Knowledge of Purchaser, there are no facts or circumstances that would reasonably be expected to prevent the relevant portions of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement from qualifying for the Intended Tax Treatment.
(l) Neither Purchaser’s execution nor performance of its obligations under this Agreement, nor the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, will result in a material charge or Tax to arise on Purchaser or any Subsidiary thereof or in any claw back of any material Tax relief previously given to Purchaser or any Subsidiary thereof.
Section 5.23. Board Approval
By resolutions duly adopted (and not thereafter modified or rescinded) by Purchaser’s board of directors (including any required committee or subgroup thereof), the board of directors of Purchaser has unanimously: (a) approved the execution, delivery, and performance by Purchaser and Merger Sub of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, including the Merger, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein and therein; and (b) determined that this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, are advisable and in the best interests of Purchaser and the Purchaser Stockholders.
ARTICLE VI. CONDITIONS TO CLOSING
Section 6.1. Conditions to Each Party’s Obligation to Close
The respective obligation of each Party to effect the transactions contemplated hereby is subject to the satisfaction on or before Closing of each of the following conditions, unless waived in writing by each of Purchaser and the Company:
(a) Company Stockholder Approval. This Agreement and any such other matters related hereto as determined by Purchaser and the Company to be necessary or appropriate in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby shall have been duly approved and adopted by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of Company Shares entitled to vote thereon (such approval and adoption, the “Company Stockholder Approval”).
(b) Purchaser Stockholder Approval. The Purchaser Stockholder Approval has been obtained.
(c) Governmental Approvals. The Parties shall have received all approvals from any Governmental Authority necessary to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby.
(d) No Orders. There shall not have been enacted, promulgated, or made effective after the date of this Agreement any Law by a Governmental Authority of competent jurisdiction that enjoins or otherwise prohibits or makes illegal, or any Governmental Order seeking to enjoin or prohibit or make illegal, consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and there shall not be in effect any injunction (whether temporary, preliminary or permanent) by any Governmental Authority of competent jurisdiction that enjoins or otherwise prohibits consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.
(e) Purchaser Nasdaq Listing. The existing Purchaser Common Stock shall have been continually listed on Nasdaq as of and from the Execution Date through the Closing Date, and Purchaser shall not have received any order or other correspondence indicating that the Purchaser Common Stock may be delisted from Nasdaq, unless the deficiencies set forth in such order or correspondence can be resolved, Purchaser has received written confirmation of such resolution from Nasdaq, and such deficiencies have been resolved in a manner that ensures the Purchaser Common Stock’s continued listing on Nasdaq (without impacting the Company or the Company Shareholders including the Exchange Consideration), and trading in the Purchaser Common Stock on Nasdaq has not been suspended as of the Closing. Additionally, Purchaser’s Nasdaq Listing Application in connection with the Transactions contemplated by this Agreement shall have been approved by Nasdaq.
(f) Effectiveness of Registration Statement / Proxy Statement. The Registration Statement / Proxy Statement shall have been declared effective in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Act, no stop order shall have been issued by the SEC that remains in effect with respect to the Registration Statement / Proxy Statement, and no proceeding seeking such a stop order shall have been threatened or initiated by the SEC and not withdrawn.
Section 6.2. Conditions to Obligations of Purchaser and Merger Sub
The obligation of Purchaser and Merger Sub to effect the transactions contemplated hereby is also subject to the satisfaction on or before the Closing of the following conditions, unless waived in writing by Purchaser:
(a) Representations and Warranties. Each of the representations and warranties of the Company contained in Article IV (Representations and Warranties of the Company) shall be true and correct, in each case as of the Closing as though made on such date (except to the extent any such representation and warranty expressly speaks as of a specified date, in which case as of such date), except where the failure of any such representations and warranties to be so true and correct (without regard to any materiality, in all material respects, Company Material Adverse Effect, or similar qualifications set forth in any such representation or warranty) would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Company Material Adverse Effect.
(b) Performance of Obligations. The Company shall have performed in all material respects all obligations and covenants required to be performed by it under this Agreement at or before the Closing.
(c) Absence of Company Material Adverse Effect. No event, circumstance, development, change or effect shall (i) have occurred since the date of this Agreement that, individually or in the aggregate, has caused a Company Material Adverse Effect, or (ii) continue to occur that would reasonably be expected to cause, individually or in the aggregate, a Company Material Adverse Effect.
(d) Closing Documents. At or prior to the Closing, the Company shall have delivered, or caused to be delivered, to Purchaser the documents set forth in Section 3.3.
(e) Officer’s Certificate. Purchaser shall have received a certificate, dated as of the Closing Date, signed by the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, in such Person’s capacity as an officer of the Company and not in such Person’s individual capacity, certifying the accuracy of the provisions of the foregoing clauses (a), (b), and (c) of this Section 6.2.
Section 6.3. Conditions to Obligations of the Company
The obligation of the Company to effect the transactions contemplated herein is also subject to the satisfaction on or before the Closing of the following conditions, unless waived in writing by the Company:
(a) Representations and Warranties. Each of the representations and warranties of Purchaser and Merger Sub in Article V (Representations and Warranties of Purchaser and Merger Sub) shall be true and correct, in each case as of the Closing as though made on such date (except to the extent any such representation and warranty expressly speaks as of a specified date, in which case as of such date), except where the failure of any such representations and warranties to be so true and correct (without regard to any materiality, in all material respects, Purchaser Material Adverse Effect, or similar qualifications set forth in any such representation or warranty) would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Purchaser Material Adverse Effect.
(b) Performance of Obligations. Purchaser shall have performed in all material respects all obligations and covenants required to be performed by it under this Agreement at or before the Closing.
(c) Absence of Purchaser Material Adverse Effect. No event, circumstance, development, change or effect shall (i) have occurred since the date of this Agreement that, individually or in the aggregate, has caused a Purchaser Material Adverse Effect, or (ii) continue to occur that would reasonably be expected to cause, individually or in the aggregate, a Purchaser Material Adverse Effect.
(f) Closing Documents. At or prior to the Closing, Purchaser shall have delivered, or caused to be delivered, to the Company the documents set forth in Section 3.4.
(g) Officer’s Certificate. The Company shall have received a certificate, dated as of the Closing Date, signed by the Chief Executive Officer of Purchaser, in such Person’s capacity as an officer of Purchaser and not in such Person’s individual capacity, certifying the accuracy of the provisions of the foregoing clauses (a), (b), and (c) of this Section 6.3.
(h) Purchaser D&O Tail Policy. The Company shall have obtained the Purchaser D&O Tail Policy as provided in Section 7.8(e) below, which shall be valid and in force at the Effective Time.
Section 6.4. Frustration of Closing Conditions
Neither the Company nor Purchaser may rely, either as a basis for not consummating the transactions contemplated herein or for terminating this Agreement and abandoning the transactions contemplated herein, on the failure of any condition set forth in Section 6.1, Section 6.2 or Section 6.3, as the case may be, to be satisfied if such failure was principally caused by such Party’s breach of any provision of this Agreement or failure to make the requisite effort to consummate the transactions contemplated herein, as required by and subject to this Agreement.
ARTICLE VII. COVENANTS OF THE PARTIES PENDING CLOSING;
ADDITIONAL COVENANTS
Section 7.1. Conduct of the Business
Each of the Company and Purchaser covenants and agrees that:
(a) Except as expressly contemplated by this Agreement, as required by applicable Law, as set forth on Section 7.1(a) of the Company Disclosure Schedule or the Purchaser Disclosure Schedule, or as consented to in writing (which shall not be unreasonably conditioned, withheld or delayed) by Purchaser, with respect to any deviation by the Company, or the Company, with respect to any deviation by Purchaser, from the Execution Date until the earlier of the Closing Date and the termination of this Agreement in accordance with its terms (the “Interim Period”), each of Purchaser and the Company shall, and shall cause its Subsidiaries to, (i) conduct its business only in the Ordinary Course of Business (including the payment of accounts payable and the collection of accounts receivable), (ii) duly and timely file all Tax Returns required to be filed (or obtain a permitted extension with respect thereto) with the applicable Taxing Authorities and pay any and all Taxes due and payable during such time period, (iii) duly observe and comply with all applicable Laws and Governmental Orders, and (iv) use its commercially reasonable efforts to preserve intact in all material respects its business organization, assets, permits, properties, and material business relationships with employees, clients, suppliers, and other third parties.
(b) Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, and except as expressly contemplated by this Agreement, as required by applicable Law, or as set forth in Section 7.1(b) of the Company Disclosure Schedule or the Purchaser Disclosure Schedule, during the Interim Period, without the other Party’s prior written consent (which shall not be unreasonably conditioned, withheld or delayed), neither the Company nor Purchaser shall (unless otherwise specified), or shall permit its Subsidiaries to:
(i) amend, modify, or supplement its Organizational Documents except: (A) as contemplated hereby and (B) as may be required to increase the authorized capital stock of Purchaser to enable it to fulfill its obligations hereunder; (ii) other than in the Ordinary Course of Business, amend, waive any provision of, terminate prior to its scheduled expiration date, or otherwise compromise in any way or relinquish any material right under any Material Contract;
(iii) other than in the Ordinary Course of Business, modify, amend, or enter into any Contract, including for capital expenditures, that extends for a term of one year or more or obligates the payment by Purchaser, as applicable, or any Subsidiary thereof, of more than $300,000 individually or $1,500,000 in the aggregate;
(iv) make any capital expenditures in excess of $300,000 individually or $1,500,000 in the aggregate, other than, with respect to the Company, in furtherance of implementation of the transactions disclosed to Purchaser as part of the Company’s present business plan and in the Ordinary Course of Business;
(v) sell, lease, or otherwise dispose of any of its material assets, except pursuant to existing contracts or commitments disclosed herein or in the Ordinary Course of Business;
(vi) sell, abandon, permit to lapse, assign, transfer, or otherwise dispose of any Intellectual Property owned by such entity, except where such action would not reasonably be expected to cause a Company Material Adverse Effect or a Purchaser Material Adverse Effect;
(vii) permit any material registered owned Intellectual Property to be abandoned or expire for failure to make an annuity or maintenance fee payment, or file any necessary paper or action to maintain such rights;
(viii) terminate or fail to timely renew, or otherwise take any act or omission that would impair the continued maintenance or renewal of, any Permit required for the operation of its business as it is currently conducted;
(ix) (A) pay, declare, or set aside any dividends, distributions or other amounts with respect to its capital stock or other equity securities, other than dividends or distributions declared, set aside, or paid by any wholly-owned Subsidiaries; (B) pay, declare or promise to pay any other amount to any stockholder or other equity holder in its capacity as such; or (C) amend any term, right or obligation with respect to any outstanding shares of its capital stock or other equity securities;
(x) (A) make any loan, advance or capital contribution to, or guarantee for the benefit of, any Person; (B) incur any Indebtedness other than intercompany Indebtedness and trade payables in the Ordinary Course of Business; or (C) repay or satisfy any Indebtedness, other than the repayment of Indebtedness in accordance with the terms thereof, in each case, other than, with respect to the Company, in the Ordinary Course of Business;
(xi) suffer or incur any Lien, except for Permitted Liens, on its assets, other than, with respect to the Company, in the Ordinary Course of Business; (xii) delay, accelerate or cancel, or waive any material right with respect to any receivables or Indebtedness owed to it, or write off or make reserves against the same (other than in the Ordinary Course of Business);
(xiii) merge or consolidate or enter a similar transaction with, or acquire all or substantially all of the assets or business of, any other Person, make any material investment in any Person, or be acquired by any other Person;
(xiv) terminate or allow to lapse any insurance policy protecting any of its assets, unless simultaneously with such termination or lapse, a replacement policy underwritten by an insurance company of nationally recognized standing having comparable deductions and providing coverage equal to or greater than the coverage under the terminated or lapsed policy for substantially similar premiums or less is in full force and effect;
(xv) adopt any severance, retention, or other employee benefit plan or fail to continue to make timely contributions to each such plan in accordance with the terms thereof, other than, with respect to the Company, in the Ordinary Course of Business;
(xvi) waive, release, settle, compromise, or otherwise resolve any Action, except in the Ordinary Course of Business or where such waivers, releases, settlements or compromises involve only the payment of monetary damages in an amount less than $500,000 in the aggregate;
(xvii) except as required by GAAP, or PCAOB rules or requirements, make any material change in its accounting principles, methods, or practices;
(xviii) change its principal place of business or jurisdiction of organization;
(xix) (A) make, change, or revoke any material Tax election; (B) settle or compromise any material claim, notice, audit report, or assessment in respect of Taxes; (C) enter into any Tax allocation, Tax sharing, Tax indemnity, or other closing agreement relating to any Taxes; or (D) surrender or forfeit any right to claim a material Tax refund;
(xx) enter into any transaction with or distribute or advance any material assets or property to any of its Affiliates, other than the payment of salary and benefits in the Ordinary Course of Business;
(xxi) other than (A) as required by any Employee Benefit Plan or (B) in the Ordinary Course of Business (it being understood and agreed, for the avoidance of doubt, that in no event shall the exception in this clause (B) be deemed or construed as permitting any Party or Subsidiary thereof to take any action that is not permitted by any other provision of this Section 7.1(b)), (1) increase or change to a material extent the compensation or benefits of any employee or service provider, (2) accelerate the vesting or payment of any material compensation or benefits of any employee or service provider, (3) enter into, amend, or terminate any Employee Benefit Plan (or any plan, program, agreement, or arrangement that would be an Employee Benefit Plan if in effect on the Effective Date) or grant, amend, or terminate any material awards thereunder, (4) fund any material payments or benefits that are payable or to be provided under any Employee Benefit Plan, (5) make any material loan to any present or former employee or other individual service provider, other than advancement of expenses in the Ordinary Course of Business, or (6) enter into, amend or terminate any collective bargaining agreement or other agreement with a labor union or labor organization, in each case, other than, with respect to the Company, in the Ordinary Course of Business; (xxii) authorize, recommend, propose, or announce an intention to adopt, or otherwise effect, a plan of complete or partial liquidation, dissolution, restructuring, recapitalization, reorganization, or similar transaction involving it or any Subsidiary;
(xxiii) take, agree to take, or fail to take any action that could reasonably be expected to prevent the Merger from qualifying for the Intended Tax Treatment;
(xxiv) issue or sell any of its equity securities except, with respect to Purchaser, pursuant in each instance to a Permitted Issuance, and with respect to the Company, pursuant to issuances of Company Shares in arms-length commercial business transactions negotiated in good faith by the Company in the Ordinary Course of Business and not to any Affiliate or Person inside the Company; or
(xxv) enter into any agreement or otherwise agree or commit to take, or cause to be taken, any of the actions set forth in this Section 7.1(b).
(c) Neither Purchaser nor the Company shall (i) take or agree to take any action with the intent to cause any representation or warranty of such party to be inaccurate or misleading in any respect at, or as of any time prior to, the Closing Date, or (ii) omit to take, or agree to omit to take, any action with the intent to cause any such representation or warranty to be inaccurate or misleading in any respect at any such time.
(d) Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company and Purchaser and their respective Subsidiaries shall be permitted to take any and all actions required to comply in all material respects with the quarantine, “shelter in place,” “stay at home,” workforce reduction, social distancing, shut down, closure, sequester or another Law, directive, guidelines or recommendations by any governmental authority (including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization) in each case in connection with any future epidemics, pandemics, or similar health emergencies.
Section 7.2. Exclusivity
(a) For purposes of this Agreement, (i) an “Alternative Transaction” means any of the following transactions involving the Company or Purchaser or their respective Subsidiaries (other than the transactions contemplated by this Agreement): (A) any merger, consolidation, share exchange, business combination, or other similar transaction; (B) any sale, lease, exchange, transfer, or other disposition of all or a material portion of the assets of such Person or any capital stock or other equity securities of such party or its Subsidiaries in a single transaction or series of transactions; and (C) any purchase, lease, exchange, transfer, or other acquisition of (1) all or a material portion of the assets of any Person by the Company or Purchaser or their respective Subsidiaries, or (2) any capital stock or other equity securities of any Person by the Company or Purchaser or their respective Subsidiaries, in each case, in a single transaction or series of transactions; (b) an “Alternative Proposal” means any unsolicited proposal for, or an indication of interest in entering into, an Alternative Transaction, communicated in writing to the Company or Purchaser or any of their respective Representatives; and (c) a “Superior Proposal” means an Alternative Proposal made after the date hereof and not resulting from a breach of this Section 7.2, having terms that the Purchaser Board determines in good faith (after consultation with its outside legal counsel and its independent financial advisor of nationally recognized reputation, taking into account all legal, financial, regulatory, timing and other aspects of the proposal and the Person making the proposal) would result in a transaction that, (i) if consummated, is more favorable from a financial point of view to the Purchaser Stockholders than the Transactions (taking into account any changes to the terms of this Agreement proposed by the Company in response to any such Superior Proposal) and (ii) is reasonably capable of being completed on the terms proposed.
(b) Subject to Section 7.2(d), during the Interim Period, neither the Company, on the one hand, nor Purchaser, on the other hand, shall, and such Persons shall cause each of their respective Representatives not to, without the prior written consent of the other (which consent may be withheld in the sole and absolute discretion of the party asked to provide consent), directly or indirectly, (i) encourage, solicit, initiate, engage, or participate in negotiations with any Person concerning any Alternative Proposal, (ii) take any other action intended or designed to facilitate the efforts of any Person relating to a possible Alternative Proposal, or (iii) approve, recommend or enter into any Alternative Transaction or any contract or agreement related to any Alternative Proposal. Immediately following the execution of this Agreement, the Company, on the one hand, and Purchaser, on the other hand, shall, and shall cause each of their Representatives to, terminate any existing discussion or negotiations with any Persons other than the Company or Purchaser, as applicable, concerning any Alternative Proposal. Each of the Company and Purchaser shall be responsible for any acts or omissions of any of its respective Representatives that, if they were the acts or omissions of the Company or Purchaser, as applicable, would be deemed a breach of such Party’s obligations hereunder (it being understood that such responsibility shall be in addition to and not by way of limitation of any right or remedy the Company or Purchaser, as applicable, may have against such Representatives with respect to any such acts or omissions).
(c) Each Party shall as promptly as practicable (and in any event within one Business Day after receipt thereof) advise the other Parties, orally and in writing, of any bona fide inquiries, proposals or offers, requests for information or requests for discussions or negotiations regarding or constituting any Alternative Proposal or any bona fide inquiries, proposals or offers, requests for information or requests for discussions or negotiations that would reasonably be expected to result in an Alternative Proposal, specifying in each case, the material terms and conditions thereof (including any changes thereto) and the identity of the Person making any such inquiry, proposal, offer or request for information Alternative Proposal. The Company and Purchaser shall keep each other informed on a reasonably current basis of material developments with respect to any such Alternative Proposal.
(d) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, prior to the receipt of the Purchaser Stockholder Approval, but not after, the Purchaser Board may, in respect of a bona fide Superior Proposal that did not result from a breach of Section 7.2(b), (i) make a Change In Recommendation or (ii) terminate this Agreement in accordance with Section 9.4(a) in order to enter into a definitive agreement for such Superior Proposal, in either case if and only if, prior to taking such action, the Purchaser Board has determined in good faith, after consultation with its outside legal counsel and independent financial advisor of nationally recognized reputation, that the failure to take such action would be inconsistent with the directors’ duties under applicable Law; provided, however, that, prior to taking either such action, (A) Purchaser has given the Company at least 10 Business Days’ prior written notice of its intention to take such action, including the terms and conditions of, and the identity of the person making, any such Superior Proposal and has contemporaneously provided to the Company a copy of the Superior Proposal or any proposed acquisition agreements and a copy of any related financing commitments in Purchaser’s possession (or, in each case, if not provided in writing to Purchaser, a written summary of the terms thereof), (B) Purchaser has negotiated, and has caused its Representatives to negotiate, in good faith with the Company during such notice period, to the extent that the Company wishes to negotiate, concerning any revisions to the terms of this Agreement proposed by Purchaser, (C) following the end of such notice period, the Purchaser Board shall have determined, after consultation with its independent financial advisor and outside legal counsel, and giving due consideration to the revisions to the terms of this Agreement to which the Company has committed in writing, that the Superior Proposal would nevertheless continue to constitute a Superior Proposal (assuming the revisions committed to by the Company were to be given effect) and that the failure to take such action would be inconsistent with the directors’ duties under applicable Law, and (D) in the event of any change to any of the financial terms (including the form, amount and timing of payment of consideration) or any other material terms of such Superior Proposal, Purchaser shall, in each case, have delivered to the Company an additional notice consistent with that described in clause (A) above of this proviso and a new notice period under clause (A) of this proviso shall commence (except that the 10 Business Day notice period referred to in clause (A) above of this proviso shall instead be equal to the longer of (1) five Business Days and (2) the period remaining under the notice period under clause (A) of this proviso immediately prior to the delivery of such additional notice under this clause (D)) during which time Purchaser shall be required to comply with the requirements of this Section 7.2(d) anew with respect to such additional notice, including clauses (A) through (D) above of this proviso; and provided, further, that Purchaser has complied in all material respects with its obligations under this Section 7.2. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, neither Purchaser nor its Subsidiaries shall enter into any acquisition agreement pursuant to an Alternative Proposal unless this Agreement has been terminated in accordance with its terms and the Purchaser Termination Fee has been paid in the manner provided in Section 9.5(b).
Section 7.3. Access to Information
During the Interim Period, each of the Company and Purchaser shall, upon reasonable advance written notice, provide, or cause to be provided, to the other and their authorized Representatives during normal business hours reasonable access to their offices, properties, and books and records, in a manner so as to not interfere with their normal business operations. Notwithstanding the foregoing, neither Purchaser or Merger Sub, on the one hand, nor the Company or the Company Subsidiary, on the other hand, shall be required to provide to the other or any of its authorized Representatives any information (a) if and to the extent doing so would (i) violate any applicable Law, (ii) result in the disclosure of any trade secrets of third parties in breach of any Contract with such third party, (iii) violate any legally-binding obligation with respect to confidentiality, non-disclosure, or privacy, or (iv) jeopardize protections afforded under the attorney-client privilege or the attorney work product doctrine (provided that, in case of each of clauses (i) through (iv), the Company or Purchaser shall, and shall cause their Subsidiaries to, use their commercially reasonable efforts to (A) provide such access as can be provided (or otherwise convey such information regarding the applicable matter as can be conveyed) without violating such privilege, doctrine, Contract, obligation, or Law and (B) provide such information in a manner without violating such privilege, doctrine, Contract, obligation, or Law), or (b) if the Company or the Company Subsidiary, on the one hand, and any Purchaser Party or any of their respective Representatives, on the other hand, are adverse parties in a litigation and such information is reasonably pertinent thereto; provided that the withholding Party shall provide to the other prompt written notice of the withholding of access or information on any such basis.
Section 7.4. Notice of Certain Events
During the Interim Period, each of Purchaser and the Company shall promptly notify the other of:
(a) any notice from any Person alleging or raising the possibility that the consent of such Person is or may be required in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement might give rise to any Action or other rights by or on behalf of such Person or result in the loss of any rights or privileges of the Company (or Purchaser Parties, post-Closing) to any such Person or create any Lien on any assets of the Company, Purchaser, or their Subsidiaries, as applicable;
(b) any notice or other communication from any Governmental Authority in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement;
(c) any Actions commenced or, to the Knowledge of Purchaser or the Company, as applicable, threatened, relating to or involving or otherwise affecting either Party or any of their stockholders or their equity, assets, or business or that relate to the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement;
(d) the occurrence of any fact or circumstance that constitutes or results, or would reasonably be expected to constitute or result in, a Company Material Adverse Effect or a Purchaser Material Adverse Effect; and
(e) any inaccuracy of any representation or warranty of such Party contained in this Agreement, or any failure of such Party to comply with or satisfy any covenant, condition, or agreement to be complied with or satisfied by it hereunder, that would reasonably be expected to cause any of the conditions set forth in Article VI not to be satisfied by the Closing; provided, however, that no such notification or failure to provide such notification pursuant to clause (d) or clause (e) of this Section 7.4 shall affect the representations, warranties, covenants, agreements, or obligations of the Parties (or remedies with respect thereto) or the conditions to the obligations of the Parties, and a failure to comply with clause (d) or clause (e) of this Section 7.4 shall not, of itself, cause the condition stated in Section 6.2(b) or Section 6.3(b), as the case may be, to fail to be satisfied.
Section 7.5. Preparation of Registration/Proxy Statement
(a) As promptly as reasonably practicable, Purchaser and the Company shall prepare and mutually agree upon (such agreement not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed by either Purchaser or the Company, as applicable), and no later than 45 days following the date of this Agreement Purchaser shall file with the SEC, the Registration Statement / Proxy Statement (it being understood that the Registration Statement / Proxy Statement shall include a proxy statement/prospectus of Purchaser which will be included therein as a prospectus, in connection with the registration under the Securities Act of the Merger Shares and the resale of the Other Consideration Shares and which will be used as a proxy statement for the Purchaser Stockholders Meeting to adopt and approve the Transaction Proposals and other matters reasonably related to the Transaction Proposals, all in accordance with and as required by Purchaser’s Organizational Documents, applicable Law, and any applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and Nasdaq). Each of Purchaser and the Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to (i) cause the Registration Statement / Proxy Statement to comply in all material respects with the applicable rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC (including, with respect to the Company and the Company Subsidiaries, the provision of financial statements of, and any other information with respect to, the Company and the Company Subsidiaries for all periods, and in the form, required to be included in the Registration Statement / Proxy Statement under Securities Laws (after giving effect to any waivers received) or in response to any comments from the SEC); (ii) promptly notify the others of, mutually agree (such agreement not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed by either Purchaser or the Company, as applicable) with respect to any comments of the SEC or its staff and respond promptly thereto; (iii) have the Registration Statement / Proxy Statement declared effective under the Securities Act as promptly as reasonably practicable after it is filed with the SEC; and (iv) keep the Registration Statement / Proxy Statement effective through the Closing in order to permit the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. Purchaser shall advise the Company, promptly after receiving notice thereof, of the time when the Registration Statement / Proxy Statement has become effective or of the issuance of any stop order, or of any request by the SEC for amendment of the Registration Statement / Proxy Statement or requests by the SEC for additional information, and Purchaser shall use its reasonable best efforts to have any such stop order or suspension lifted, reversed or otherwise terminated. Purchaser, on the one hand, and the Company, on the other hand, shall promptly furnish, or cause to be furnished, to the other all information concerning such Party, its non-Party Affiliates and their respective Representatives that may be required or reasonably requested in connection with any action contemplated by this Section 7.5 or for including in any other statement, filing, notice or application made by or on behalf of Purchaser to the SEC or Nasdaq in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
(b) If any Party becomes aware of any information that should be disclosed in an amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement / Proxy Statement, then (i) such Party shall promptly inform, in the case of any Purchaser Party, the Company, or, in the case of the Company, Purchaser, thereof; (ii) such Party shall prepare and mutually agree upon with, in the case of Purchaser, the Company, or, in the case of the Company, Purchaser (in either case, such agreement not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), an amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement/Proxy Statement; (iii) Purchaser shall file such mutually agreed upon amendment or supplement with the SEC; and (iv) the Parties shall reasonably cooperate, if appropriate, in mailing such amendment or supplement to the pre-Closing Purchaser Stockholders. Purchaser shall as promptly as reasonably practicable advise the Company of the time of effectiveness of the Registration Statement/Proxy Statement, the issuance of any stop order relating thereto or the suspension of the qualification of the Merger Shares for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, and Purchaser and the Company shall each use its reasonable best efforts to have any such stop order or suspension lifted, reversed or otherwise terminated. Each of the Parties shall use reasonable best efforts to ensure that none of the information related to him, her or it or any of his, her or its non-Party Affiliates or its or their respective Representatives, supplied by or on his, her or its behalf for inclusion or incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement / Proxy Statement will, at the time the Registration Statement/Proxy Statement is initially filed with the SEC, at each time at which it is amended, or at the time it becomes effective under the Securities Act contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein not misleading.
Section 7.6. Purchaser Stockholder Approval
(a) As promptly as reasonably practicable following the time at which the Registration Statement / Proxy Statement is declared effective under the Securities Act, Purchaser shall (i) duly give notice of, and (ii) use reasonable best efforts to duly convene and hold a meeting of its stockholders (the “Purchaser Stockholders Meeting”) in accordance with the Organizational Documents of Purchaser for the purpose of obtaining the Purchaser Stockholder Approval.
(b) For the purposes of obtaining the Purchaser Stockholder Approval, Purchaser shall, through approval of its board of directors, recommend to its stockholders (the “Purchaser Board Recommendation”) for: (i) the adoption and approval of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby (including the Merger); (ii) the adoption and approval of the issuance of the Merger Shares in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement as required by Nasdaq listing requirements (the “Nasdaq Proposal”); (iii) the adoption and approval of the amendments, if any, to the Organizational Documents of Purchaser contemplated by Purchaser’s certificate of incorporation and Purchaser’s bylaws, including, but not limited to, as may be necessary to increase the number of authorized shares of Purchaser Common Stock or other equity securities of Purchaser in connection with the Transactions or as otherwise agreed by the Parties in writing; (iv) election of directors effective as of the Closing; (v) the adoption and approval of each other proposal that either the SEC or Nasdaq (or the respective staff members thereof) indicates is necessary in its comments to the Registration Statement / Proxy Statement or in correspondence related thereto; (vi) the adoption and approval of each other proposal reasonably agreed to by Purchaser and the Company as necessary or appropriate in connection with the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement; and (vii) the adoption and approval of a proposal for the adjournment of the Purchaser Stockholders Meeting, if necessary, to permit further solicitation of proxies due to there not being sufficient votes to approve and adopt any of the foregoing (such proposals in (i) through (vii) together, the “Transaction Proposals”); provided, that Purchaser may adjourn the Purchaser Stockholders Meeting (A) to solicit additional proxies for the purpose of obtaining the Purchaser Stockholder Approval, (B) for the absence of a quorum, or (C) to allow reasonable additional time for the filing or mailing of any supplemental or amended disclosures that Purchaser has determined, based on the advice of outside legal counsel, is reasonably likely to be required under applicable Law and for such supplemental or amended disclosure to be disseminated and reviewed by the Purchaser Stockholders prior to the Purchaser Stockholders Meeting; provided that, without the consent of the Company, in no event shall Purchaser adjourn the Purchaser Stockholders Meeting for more than fifteen (15) Business Days later than the most recently adjourned meeting or to a date that is beyond the Termination Date. Purchaser’s recommendation contemplated by the preceding sentence shall be included in the Registration Statement / Proxy Statement. Except as otherwise required by applicable Law, Purchaser covenants that none of Purchaser’s board of directors or Purchaser nor any committee of Purchaser’s board of directors shall withdraw or modify, or propose publicly or by formal action of Purchaser’s board of directors, any committee of Purchaser’s board of directors or Purchaser to withdraw or modify, in a manner adverse to the Company, the Purchaser Board Recommendation or any other recommendation by Purchaser’s board of directors or Purchaser of the proposals set forth in the Registration Statement/Proxy Statement.
(c) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, including Sections 7.6(a) and 7.6(b), the Purchaser Board may change, withdraw, withhold, qualify or modify, or publicly propose to change, withdraw, withhold, qualify or modify, the Purchaser Board Recommendation (a “Change in Recommendation”) at any time prior to obtaining the Purchase Stockholder Approvals in respect to a Superior Proposal or in response to any material event, change, occurrence or development (other than any event, change, occurrence or development primarily resulting from a breach of this Agreement by Purchaser) that was not known to or reasonably foreseeable by, or the material consequences of which were not known to or reasonably foreseeable by, the Purchaser Board as of the date of this Agreement (i) that does not relate to any Alternative Proposal (other than a Superior Proposal), (ii) that does not relate to any change in the market price or trading volume of Purchaser’s securities (it being understood that this clause (ii) shall not prevent a determination that any event underlying such change constitutes a Purchaser Intervening Event), and (iii) (A) first occurring after the date hereof or (B) first actually or constructively known by the Purchaser Board following the date hereof, if the Purchaser Board determines in good faith, after consultation with its outside legal counsel and financial advisors, that the failure to make such a Change in Recommendation would constitute a breach by the Purchaser Board of its duties under applicable Law (a “Purchaser Intervening Event”); provided, however, that the Purchaser Board may not make a Change in Recommendation unless Purchaser notifies the Company pursuant to Section 7.2(d) hereof.
Section 7.7. Merger Sub Approval
As promptly as reasonably practicable (and in any event within one Business Day) following the date of this Agreement, Purchaser, as the sole stockholder of Merger Sub, will approve and adopt this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby (including the Merger).
Section 7.8. Directors’ and Officers’ Indemnification and Liability Insurance
(a) All rights to indemnification for acts or omissions occurring through the Closing Date, including in connection with the negotiation and execution of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the Merger, now existing in favor of the current directors and officers of the Company or the Company Subsidiaries or the Purchaser Parties and Persons who served as a director, officer, member, trustee, or fiduciary of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, pension or other employee benefit plan, or enterprise at the request of the Company or the Company Subsidiaries or the Purchaser Parties, as provided in their respective Organizational Documents or in any indemnification agreements, shall survive the Merger and shall continue in full force and effect in accordance with their terms. For a period of six years after the Effective Time, Purchaser shall cause the Organizational Documents of Purchaser and the Surviving Corporation and their respective Subsidiaries to contain provisions no less favorable with respect to exculpation and indemnification of and advancement of expenses than are set forth as of the date of this Agreement in the Organizational Documents of, with respect to Purchaser, Purchaser, and with respect to the Surviving Corporation and its Subsidiaries, the Company and its Subsidiaries, as applicable, to the extent permitted by applicable Law.
(b) Prior to the Closing, Purchaser and the Company shall reasonably cooperate in order to obtain, and the Company shall purchase through a reputable insurer, directors’ and officers’ liability insurance for Purchaser and the Company that shall be effective as of the Effective Time and will cover those Persons who will be the directors and officers of Purchaser and its Subsidiaries (including the Surviving Corporation) at and after the Effective Time on terms not less favorable than the better of (i) the terms of the current directors’ and officers’ liability insurance in place for the Company’s and the Company Subsidiaries’ directors and officers and (ii) the terms of a typical directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policy for a company whose equity is listed on Nasdaq which policy has a scope and amount of coverage that is reasonably appropriate for a company of similar characteristics (including the line of business and revenues) as Purchaser, provided that such insurance shall provide for an aggregate of at least $15 million in coverage.
(c) The provisions of this Section 7.8 are intended to be for the benefit of, and shall be enforceable by, each Person who will have been a director or officer of the Company, the Company Subsidiaries or Purchaser Parties for all periods ending on or before the Closing Date and may not be changed with respect to any officer or director without his or her written consent.
(d) Prior to the Effective Time, the Company shall obtain and Purchaser shall pay the premium for a one year prepaid “tail” policy for the extension of the directors’ and officers’ liability coverage of the Company’s and the Company Subsidiaries’ existing directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policies, for claims reporting or discovery period of one year from and after the Effective Time, on terms and conditions providing coverage retentions, limits and other material terms (other than premiums payable) substantially equivalent to the current policies of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance maintained by the Company and the Company Subsidiaries with respect to matters arising on or before the Effective Time, covering without limitation the transactions contemplated hereby.
(e) Prior to the Effective Time, the Company shall obtain and Purchaser shall purchase and fully pay the premium for a one year prepaid “tail” policy for the extension of the directors’ and officers’ liability coverage of Purchaser’s and its Subsidiaries’ existing directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policies, for claims reporting or discovery period of one year from and after the Effective Time, on terms and conditions providing coverage retentions, limits and other material terms (other than premiums payable) substantially equivalent to the current policies of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance maintained by Purchaser and its Subsidiaries with respect to matters arising on or before the Effective Time, covering without limitation the transactions contemplated hereby, provided that such insurance shall provide for an aggregate of at least $10 million in coverage (the “Purchaser D&O Tail Policy”).
Section 7.9. Non-Disparagement
Each Party will refrain from, in any manner, directly or indirectly, all conduct, oral or otherwise, that disparages or damages or could reasonably disparage or damage the reputation, goodwill, or standing in the community of any other Party, their respective Representatives, or their respective Affiliates.
Section 7.10. Certain Tax Matters
(a) Each of Purchaser and the Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Merger to qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code. Neither Purchaser nor the Company shall take any action, or fail to take any action, that could reasonably be expected to cause the Merger to fail to qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code. Purchaser and the Company intend to report and, except to the extent otherwise required by a change in Law, shall report, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Merger as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code, unless otherwise required by applicable Law.
(b) Each of the Parties shall (and shall cause their respective Affiliates to) cooperate fully, as and to the extent reasonably requested by another party, in connection with the filing of relevant Tax Returns, and any Tax proceeding, audit, or examination. Such cooperation shall include the retention and (upon another Party’s request) the provision (with the right to make copies) of records and information reasonably relevant to any Tax proceeding, audit, or examination, making employees available on a mutually convenient basis to provide additional information, and an explanation of any material provided hereunder.
Section 7.11. Purchaser’s SEC Filings and Reports; Nasdaq
(a) During the Interim Period, Purchaser will keep current and timely file all of its requisite public filings and reports with the SEC and otherwise comply in all material respects with applicable securities Laws, and shall use commercially reasonable efforts prior to the Closing to maintain the listing of the existing Purchaser Common Stock on Nasdaq (including, if necessary effecting the Reverse Stock Split).
(b) Purchaser and the Company shall reasonably cooperate in good faith to effectuate the Reverse Stock Split, if necessary pursuant to this Agreement, at or after the Effective Time pursuant to Nasdaq rules and regulations. To the extent required by Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5110, Purchaser shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to prepare and file an initial listing application for the Purchaser Common Stock on Nasdaq (the “Nasdaq Listing Application”) and to cause such Nasdaq Listing Application to be conditionally approved prior to the Effective Time (including, if necessary, effecting the Reverse Stock Split). The Company will cooperate with Purchaser as reasonably requested by Purchaser with respect to the Nasdaq Listing Application and promptly furnish to Purchaser all information concerning the Company and the Company Stockholders that may be required or reasonably requested in connection with any action contemplated by this Section 7.11(b). All fees associated with the Nasdaq Listing Application shall be paid by the Company.
Section 7.12. Post-Closing Directors
Each of Purchaser and Merger Sub, as applicable, shall take all such action within its power as may be necessary or appropriate such that, effective at the Effective Time: (a) each of Purchaser’s board of directors and the Surviving Corporation’s board of directors consist of that number of directors determined by the Company in accordance with Section 2.3(a); (b) the members of Purchaser’s board of directors are the individuals determined in accordance with Section 2.3(a); and (c) the members of the Surviving Corporation’s board of directors are the individuals determined in accordance with Section 2.4.
Section 7.13. Purchaser Loan to the Company
Purchaser shall, as soon as practicable, provide to the Company, a loan in the principal amount of $8,000,000, which loan (the “Loan”) shall be evidenced by a promissory note in favor of Purchaser, as prepared, drafted and negotiated by the Parties in good faith (the “Loan Note”), and shall become due and payable six months from the date thereof. Amounts outstanding under the Loan Note shall bear simple interest at the rate of five percent (5%) per annum and shall be secured by assets of the Company in an amount at least equal to the principal amount of the Loan Note, with the value of such assets to be determined by Purchaser in its reasonable sole discretion. The proceeds of the Loan shall be used by the Company to promptly pay any and all amounts outstanding (including principal, interest, fees, and fines, if any) due under the Company’s existing loan with NE SPC LP, an Ontario, Canada limited partnership (the “Existing Lender”), so as release and extinguish any lien or other security interest in favor of the Existing Lender and to enable the Company to grant Purchaser, pursuant to the terms and conditions of a mutually agreeable security agreement, a first priority lien and secured interest against such assets by the Company.
Section 7.14. Proceeds of Purchaser Offerings, if Any
(a) In the event that Purchaser undertakes an offering of any of its equity securities during the Interim Period, and subject to Section 7.18 of this Agreement: (i) all Net Proceeds therefrom shall be made available and deposited into an accounted designated in writing by the Company to Purchaser via wire transfer of immediately available funds within 2 business days of Purchaser’s receipt of such Net Proceeds; and (ii) the principal balance then outstanding on the Loan Note shall be adjusted and increased proportionately to account for the amount of any Net Proceeds made available to the Company pursuant to the terms and provisions of the Loan.
(b) Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that the outstanding balance of the Loan to the Company exceeds $50,000,000 at any point during the Interim Period, at such time the Minimum Purchaser Allocation (Interim Period) shall be automatically increased to $4,900,000.
Section 7.15. Confidentiality
From and after the Execution Date, neither the Company nor Purchaser shall disclose or use, unless compelled to disclose by judicial or administrative process or by other requirements of applicable Law (in which case such Party shall use commercially reasonable efforts to (a) consult with the other prior to making any such disclosure to the extent permitted by applicable Law and reasonably practicable under the circumstances and (b) cooperate in connection with the other Party’s efforts to obtain a protective order or confidential treatment at such Party’s expense), all documents and information concerning the negotiation and execution of this Agreement or the other Party or any of its Affiliates or their Representatives (including trade secrets, confidential information, and proprietary materials, which may include the following categories of information and materials: methods, procedures, computer programs and architecture, databases, customer information, lists and identities, employee lists and identities, pricing information, research, methodologies, contractual forms, and other information, whether tangible or intangible, which is not publicly available generally) (collectively, the “Confidential Information”), except to the extent that such Confidential Information that can be shown to have been (i) in the public domain through no fault of, or breach of this Agreement on the part of, the disclosing Party or its Affiliates, or (ii) later lawfully acquired by the disclosing Party on a non-confidential basis from sources other than the other Party or any of its Affiliates or their Representatives and who are not known (after reasonable inquiry) to be under an obligation of confidentiality with respect thereto. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any such Person may disclose such Confidential Information to his, her, or its (A) tax and financial advisors for purposes of complying with such Person’s tax obligations or other reporting obligations under applicable Law arising out of this Agreement, and (B) legal counsel and accountants for the purpose of evaluating the legal and financial ramifications of this Agreement.
Section 7.16. All Efforts; Further Assurances
(a) Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, each Party shall promptly take, or cause to be taken, all actions and to do, or cause to be done, all things necessary or advisable, or as reasonably requested by the other Parties, to consummate and make effective as promptly as is reasonably practicable the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including using its best efforts to (i) obtain all necessary actions, nonactions, waivers, consents, approvals, authorizations, Governmental Orders, or other actions from all applicable Governmental Authorities prior to the Effective Time, (ii) avoid an Action by any Governmental Authority, and (iii) execute and deliver any additional instruments necessary to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
(b) Subject to applicable Law, each of the Company and Purchaser agrees to (i) reasonably cooperate and consult with the other regarding obtaining and making all notifications and filings with Governmental Authorities, (ii) furnish to the other such information and assistance as the other may reasonably request in connection with its preparation of any notifications or filings, (iii) keep the other reasonably apprised of the status of matters relating to the completion of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including promptly furnishing the other with copies of notices and other communications received by such Party from, or given by such Party to, any third party or any Governmental Authority with respect to such transactions, (iv) permit the other Party to review and incorporate the other Party’s reasonable comments in any communication to be given by it to any Governmental Authority with respect to any filings required to be made with, or action or nonactions, consents, approvals, authorizations, Governmental Orders, waivers, expirations or terminations of waiting periods, clearances, consents or orders required to be obtained from, such Governmental Authority in connection with execution and delivery of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and (v) to the extent reasonably practicable, consult with the other in advance of and not participate in any meeting or discussion relating to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, either in person or by telephone, with any Governmental Authority in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby unless it gives the other Party the opportunity to attend and observe; provided, however, that, in each of clauses (iii) and (iv) above, that materials may be redacted (A) to remove references concerning the valuation of such Party and its Affiliates, (B) as necessary to comply with Contracts or applicable Laws, and (C) as necessary to address reasonable attorney-client or other privilege or confidentiality concerns.
(c) During the Interim Period, Purchaser, on the one hand, and the Company, on the other hand, shall each notify the other in writing promptly after learning of any stockholder demands or other stockholder Action (including derivative claims) relating to this Agreement or any matters relating thereto commenced against Purchaser, Merger Sub, or any of its or their respective Representatives in their capacity as a Representative of a Purchaser Party or against the Company or the Company Subsidiaries, as applicable (collectively, the “Transaction Litigation”). Purchaser shall control the negotiation, defense, and settlement of any such Transaction Litigation brought against Purchaser, Merger Sub, or members of the boards of directors of Purchaser or Merger Sub and the Company shall control the negotiation, defense, and settlement of any such Transaction Litigation brought against the Company or the Company Subsidiaries or the members of their boards of directors; provided, however, that in no event shall the Company or Purchaser settle, compromise, or come to any arrangement with respect to any Transaction Litigation, or agree to do the same, without the prior written consent of the other (not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned, or delayed); further provided, that it shall be deemed to be reasonable for Purchaser (if the Company is controlling the Transaction Litigation) or the Company (if Purchaser is controlling the Transaction Litigation) to withhold, condition, or delay its consent if any such settlement or compromise (i) does not provide for a legally binding, full, unconditional, and irrevocable release of each Purchaser Party (if the Company is controlling the Transaction Litigation) or the Company and the Company Subsidiaries and related parties (if Purchaser is controlling the Transaction Litigation) and its respective Representative that is the subject of such Transaction Litigation, (ii) provides for any non-monetary, injunctive, equitable, or similar relief against any Purchaser Party (if the Company is controlling the Transaction Litigation) or the Company, the Company Subsidiaries and related parties (if Purchaser is controlling the Transaction Litigation) or (iii) contains an admission of wrongdoing or liability by a Purchaser Party (if the Company is controlling the Transaction Litigation) or the Company and the Company Subsidiaries and related parties (if Purchaser is controlling the Transaction Litigation) and its respective Representative that is the subject of such Transaction Litigation. Purchaser and the Company shall each (A) keep the other reasonably informed regarding any Transaction Litigation (to the extent such action would not jeopardize an attorney-client privilege or the attorney work product doctrine), (B) give the other the opportunity to, at its own cost and expense, participate in the defense, settlement, and compromise of any such Transaction Litigation and reasonably cooperate with the other in connection with the defense, settlement, and compromise of any such Transaction Litigation, (C) consider in good faith the other’s advice with respect to any such Transaction Litigation, and (D) reasonably cooperate with each other including with respect to the defense, settlement, and compromise of any such Transaction Litigation.
Section 7.17. [RESERVED]
Section 7.18. Working Capital Requirements
Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the Contrary, Purchaser and the Company each covenant and agree as follows:
| (a) | at all times during the Interim Period, Purchaser’s operating account shall contain a minimum available cash balance of at least $1,200,000 (or $4,900,000 if adjusted in accordance with Section 7.14(b) of this Agreement) (such applicable amount, the “Minimum Purchaser Allocation (Interim Period)”); |
| (b) | at the Effective Time, (i) the Minimum Purchaser Allocation (Interim Period) shall no longer apply, and (ii) the Purchaser Legacy Business shall be allocated direct, unrestricted access to cash in the amount of $4,900,000 less operating expenses actually incurred by Purchaser Legacy Business in the Ordinary Course of Business from August 1, 2025 through July 31, 2026 (the “Legacy Business Working Capital Budget”), which Legacy Business Working Capital Budget shall not be modified without the prior written consent of Lavell Juan Malloy, II, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld; and |
| (c) | following Closing but prior to expiration of the then-existing Legacy Business Working Capital Budget, Purchaser Legacy Business and the Company shall mutually agree upon a new working capital budget for the period commencing August 1, 2026 to July 31, 2027, which budget shall include the balance of any funds remaining available from the Legacy Business Working Capital Budget. |
Section 7.19. Employment Agreements
In connection with the Merger, the employment agreement between each Purchaser Representative and Purchaser (the “Purchaser Representative Employment Agreements”) shall be amended and restated, to become effective on the Effective Date, upon terms mutually agreeable by each such Purchaser Representative, Purchaser and the Company. Subject to the foregoing sentence, Purchaser shall use reasonable best efforts to negotiate and cause each Purchaser Representative to execute his/her amended and restated Purchaser Representative Employment Agreement as promptly as practicable following the Execution Date but in no case after 45 days following the date hereof.
Section 7.20. Voting Agreements
The Purchaser shall use reasonable best efforts to negotiate and cause each Purchaser Representative to execute a voting support agreement with commercially reasonable terms as promptly as practicable following the date hereof but in no case after 45 days following the date hereof.
Section 7.21. Fairness Opinion. Purchaser shall obtain, from its financial advisor, as promptly as practicable following the Execution Date, an opinion in writing or orally (which, if rendered orally, will be confirmed in writing) to the effect that, as of the date thereof and based upon and subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and other matters set forth therein, the Merger and the transactions provided for in this Agreement are fair, from a financial point of view, to the Company and its stockholders. The Company shall cooperate in good faith with Purchaser in connection with the preparation of such opinion.
Section 7.22. Certificate of Designation. Within 45 days following the Execution Date, Purchaser shall file with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware the Certificate of Designation, which shall create a Class C Preferred Stock having such terms as shall be mutually agreeable by Purchaser and the Company (but in any case, shall contain the terms set forth in Exhibit 7.22), the shares of which shall be issued pursuant to Section 3.1(a).
ARTICLE VIII. SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTED MATTERS
Section 8.1. Attorneys’ Fees with Respect to Litigation
If the Company, on the one hand, or Purchaser, on the other hand, initiate any Action against the other, involving this Agreement, the prevailing Party (as determined by the applicable court) in such Action shall be entitled to receive reimbursement from the other Party for all reasonable attorneys’ fees, experts’ fees, and other costs and expenses incurred by the prevailing Party in respect of that proceeding, including any and all appeals thereof, and such reimbursement shall be included in judgment or final order issued in such proceeding.
Section 8.2. [RESERVED]
ARTICLE IX. TERMINATION
Section 9.1. Termination by Mutual Consent
This Agreement may be terminated at any time before the Effective Time, whether before or after the Purchaser Stockholder Approval, by mutual written consent of Purchaser and the Company.
Section 9.2. Termination by Either Purchaser or the Company
This Agreement may be terminated by either Purchaser or the Company at any time before the Effective Time:
(a) if the transactions contemplated hereby have not been consummated by March 31, 2026 (the “Termination Date”), except that the right to terminate this Agreement under this Section 9.2(a) shall not be available to any Party whose breach of this Agreement has been a principal cause of, or principal reason for, the failure to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby by such date, provided, that, absent any such breach and in the event that the SEC has not declared the Registration Statement / Proxy Statement effective under the Securities Act by the date which is sixty (60) days prior to the Termination Date, then either the Company or Purchaser shall be entitled to extend the Termination Date for an additional sixty (60) days upon written notice to the other Party; or
(b) if any Law or Governmental Order is enacted, issued, promulgated, enforced or entered by a Governmental Authority of competent jurisdiction (including Nasdaq) that permanently enjoins, or otherwise has the effect of making illegal or otherwise preventing or prohibiting consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, and, in the case of any Governmental Order, such Governmental Order has become final and non-appealable.
Section 9.3. Termination by the Company
This Agreement may be terminated by the Company:
(a) if Purchaser becomes an ineligible issuer or otherwise unable to file the required Registration Statement / Proxy Statement under the Securities Act;
(b) if the Purchaser Common Stock is formally delisted from Nasdaq at or prior to the Closing;
(c) if Purchaser breaches any of its representations, warranties, covenants, or agreements contained in this Agreement, which breach would give rise to the failure of a condition set forth in Section 6.1 or Section 6.3 and cannot be cured by the Termination Date or, if curable, has not been cured by Purchaser within the earlier of (i) 30 days after Purchaser’s receipt of written notice of such breach from the Company and (ii) three Business Days prior to the Termination Date; provided that the Company shall not have the right to terminate this Agreement pursuant to this Section 9.3(c) if the Company is at that time in breach of any of its representations, warranties, covenants, or agreements contained in this Agreement that would result in the conditions to Closing set forth in Section 6.1 or Section 6.2 not being satisfied;
(d) if all of the conditions set forth in Section 6.1 and Section 6.2 have been satisfied (other than any condition the failure of which to be satisfied has been principally caused by the breach of this Agreement by Purchaser or any of its Affiliates and conditions that, by their nature, are to be satisfied at Closing and that were, at the time of termination, capable of being satisfied) and Purchaser has failed to fulfill its obligation and agreement herein to consummate the Closing within five Business Days following written notice of such satisfaction from the Company and that the Company is ready, willing, and able to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby; or
(e) upon a vote taken at any duly held Purchaser Stockholder Meeting (or any adjournment or postponement thereof in accordance with this Agreement) held to obtain the Purchaser Stockholder Approval, the Purchaser Stockholder Approval is not obtained.
Section 9.4. Termination by Purchaser
This Agreement may be terminated by Purchaser at any time before the Closing:
(a) if the Purchaser Board undertakes approves, endorses and makes a Change in Recommendation to the Purchaser Stockholders prior to the receipt of the Purchaser Stockholders Approval, if and only if, prior to or substantially concurrent with such termination, (i) Purchaser shall have paid the Purchaser Termination Fee to the Company pursuant to Section 9.5, and (ii) Purchaser substantially concurrently with such termination enters into a definitive agreement with respect to the Superior Proposal that did not result from a material breach of Section 7.2 and that remained a Superior Proposal following the Purchaser’s compliance with the provisions set forth in Section 7.2; (b) if the Company breaches any of its representations, warranties, covenants, or agreements contained in this Agreement, which breach would give rise to the failure of a condition set forth in Section 6.1 or Section 6.2 and cannot be cured by the Termination Date or, if curable, has not been cured by the Company within the earlier of (i) 30 days after the Company’s receipt of written notice of such breach from Purchaser and (ii) three Business Days prior to the Termination Date; provided that Purchaser shall not have the right to terminate this Agreement pursuant to this Section 9.4(b) if Purchaser is at that time in breach of any of its representations, warranties, covenants, or agreements contained in this Agreement that would result in the conditions to Closing set forth in Section 6.1 or Section 6.3 not to be satisfied; or
(c) if all of the conditions set forth in Section 6.1 and Section 6.3 have been satisfied (other than any condition the failure of which to be satisfied has been principally caused by the breach of this Agreement by the Company or any of its Affiliates and conditions that, by their nature, are to be satisfied at Closing and that were, at the time of termination, capable of being satisfied) and the Company has failed to fulfill its obligation and agreement herein to consummate the Closing within three Business Days following written notice of such satisfaction from Purchaser and that Purchaser is ready, willing, and able to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby.
Section 9.5. Effect of Termination; Termination Fee.
(a) If this Agreement is validly terminated pursuant to this Article IX, except as set forth in this Section 9.5, it shall become void and of no further force and effect, with no liability on the part of any Party (or any stockholder or Representative of such Party), except as may be otherwise provided herein, the termination of this Agreement shall not relieve any Party of liability if such termination results from (i) fraud or (ii) the willful and material (A) failure of any Party to perform its covenants, obligations, or agreements contained in this Agreement or (B) breach by any Party of its representations or warranties contained in this Agreement. The provisions of Section 7.15 (Confidentiality), this Section 9.5 (Effect of Termination; Termination Fee), Article X (Miscellaneous), and the definitions of defined terms in such sections shall survive any valid termination of this Agreement.
(b) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary:
(i) if (x) this Agreement is terminated by Purchaser pursuant to Section 9.4(a) or (y)(A) a Superior Proposal with respect to Purchaser shall have been publicly announced, disclosed or otherwise communicated to the Company or the Company Board at any time after the date of this Agreement but prior to the termination of this Agreement (which shall not have been withdrawn) and (B) within twelve (12) months after the date of such termination, Purchaser (1) executes a transaction in respect of the Superior Proposal referred to in clause (y)(A) (the “Superior Transaction”) or (2) the Superior Transaction is consummated or withdrawn, terminated or otherwise discontinued for any reason, then Purchaser shall pay to the Company an amount equal to $9,000,000 (the “Purchaser Termination Fee”) upon the execution, consummation, withdrawal, termination or other discontinuation, as applicable, of the Superior Transaction; (ii) if this Agreement is terminated by the Company pursuant to Section 9.3, Purchaser shall pay to the Company the Purchaser Termination Fee; or
(iii) if this Agreement is terminated by Purchaser pursuant to Section 9.4(b) or Section 9.4(c), the Company shall pay to Purchaser an amount equal to $9,000,000 (the “Company Termination Fee”).
(c) Each of the Company and Purchaser acknowledges and agrees that:
(i) in the event that Purchaser is entitled to receive the Company Termination Fee pursuant to Section 9.5(b)(iii) of this Agreement, the right of Purchaser to receive such amount shall constitute the sole and exclusive remedy for monetary damages for, and such amount shall constitute liquidated damages in respect of, any termination of this Agreement for Purchaser, Merger Sub and any of their respective, direct or indirect, former, current or future general or limited partners, stockholders, members, managers, directors, officers, employees, agents, Affiliates or assignees, regardless of the circumstances giving rise to such termination; and
(ii) in the event that the Company is entitled to receive the Purchaser Termination Fee pursuant to Section 9.5(b)(i) and Section 9.5(b)(ii) of this Agreement, the right of the Company to receive such amount shall constitute the sole and exclusive remedy for monetary damages for, and such amount shall constitute liquidated damages in respect of, any termination of this Agreement for the Company and any of its, direct or indirect, former, current or future general or limited partners, stockholders, members, managers, directors, officers, employees, agents, Affiliates or assignees, regardless of the circumstances giving rise to such termination.
ARTICLE X. MISCELLANEOUS
Section 10.1. Non-Survival of Representations, Warranties, and Covenants
Except as otherwise contemplated by Section 10.4, none of the representations, warranties, covenants, obligations, or other agreements in this Agreement or in any certificate (including confirmations therein), statement, or instrument delivered pursuant to this Agreement, including any rights arising out of any breach of such representations, warranties, covenants, obligations, agreements, and other provisions shall survive the Closing and shall terminate and expire upon the occurrence of the Closing (and there shall be no liability after the Closing in respect thereof), except for (a) those covenants and agreements contained herein that by their terms expressly apply in whole or in part after the Closing including, in particular, Sections 7.15 and 7.16, and then only with respect to any breaches occurring after the Closing and (b) this Article X. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the provisions of Section 7.18 shall survive the Closing.
Section 10.2. Waivers; Extension
Any Party may, at any time prior to the Closing, by action taken by its board of directors or officers or Persons thereunto duly authorized, (a) extend the time for the performance of the obligations or acts of the other Parties, (b) waive any inaccuracies in the representations and warranties (of another Party) that are contained in this Agreement, or (c) waive compliance by the other Parties with any obligation, covenant, agreement, or condition contained herein, provided that any such extension or waiver shall be valid only if set forth in an instrument in writing signed by the Party or Parties granting such extension or waiver. No delay on the part of any Party in exercising any right, power, or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof.
EACH PARTY ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES THAT ANY CONTROVERSY THAT MAY ARISE UNDER THIS AGREEMENT IS LIKELY TO INVOLVE COMPLICATED AND DIFFICULT ISSUES AND, THEREFORE, EACH SUCH PARTY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN RESPECT OF ANY LEGAL ACTION ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.
Section 10.3. Non-Recourse
This Agreement may be enforced only against, and any dispute, claim, or controversy based upon, arising out of, or related to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby may be brought only against, the entities that are expressly named as Parties and then only with respect to the specific obligations set forth in this Agreement with respect to such Party. No past, present, or future director, officer, employee, incorporator, member, partner, shareholder, agent, attorney, advisor, lender, or Representative or Affiliate of any named Party (which Persons are intended third party beneficiaries of this Section 10.3) shall have any liability (whether in contract or tort, at law, or in equity or otherwise, or based upon any theory that seeks to impose liability of an entity party against its owners or Affiliates) for any one or more of the representations, warranties, covenants, agreements, or other obligations or liabilities of such Party or for any dispute, claim, or controversy based on, arising out of, or related to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.
Section 10.4. Specific Performance
Each Party acknowledges and agrees that the other Parties would be irreparably damaged in the event that any of the terms or provisions of this Agreement are not performed in accordance with their specific terms or otherwise are breached. Therefore, notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in this Agreement, each Party hereby agrees that the other Parties shall be entitled to an injunction or injunctions to prevent breaches of any of the terms or provisions of this Agreement and/or specific performance by any other Party under this Agreement and each Party hereby agrees to waive the defense (and not to interpose as a defense or in opposition) in any such suit that the other Parties have an adequate remedy at law, and hereby agrees to waive any requirement to post any bond in connection with obtaining such relief. The equitable remedies described in this Section 10.4 shall be in addition to, and not in lieu of, any other remedies at law or in equity that the Parties may elect to pursue.
Section 10.5. Notices
Any notice, demand, instruction, request, or other communication that may be permitted, required, or desired to be given pursuant hereto shall, unless changed by written notice given by a Party to the others pursuant hereto, be given in writing and directed to the applicable Party as follows:
| If to the Company: | House of Doge Inc. | |
| 2045 NW 1st Avenue | ||
| Miami, Florida 33127 | ||
| Attn: Marco Margiotta, Chief Executive Officer | ||
| Email: marco@houseofdoge.com with a copy to legal@houseofdoge.com | ||
| with a copy to: | Seward & Kissel LLP | |
| One Battery Park Plaza | ||
| New York, NY 10004 | ||
| Attn: Keith J. Billotti, Esq. | ||
| Email: billotti@sewkis.com | ||
| If to Purchaser, Merger Sub | ||
| or its other Subsidiaries: | Brag House Holdings, Inc. | |
| 45 Park Street | ||
| Montclair, New Jersey 070412 | ||
| Attn: Lavell Juan Malloy, II, Chief Executive Officer | ||
| Email: lavell@thebraghouse.com | ||
| with a copy to: | Lucosky Brookman LLP | |
| 101 Wood Avenue South, 5th Floor | ||
| Iselin, New Jersey 08830 | ||
| Attn: Joseph Lucosky, Esq. | ||
| Email: jlucosky@lucbro.com | ||
| Attn: Victoria Baylin, Esq. | ||
| Email: vbaylin@lucbro.com |
Except as otherwise expressly permitted herein, all notices, demands, instructions, requests, or communications required, desired, or permitted to be given hereunder shall be deemed given: (a) if by hand or nationally recognized overnight courier service (i) if delivered by 5:00 PM Eastern Time on a Business Day, on the date of delivery, and (ii) if delivered after 5:00 PM Eastern Time, on the first Business Day after such delivery; (b) if by electronic mail or facsimile, on the date of transmission with affirmative confirmation of receipt; or (c) seven Business Days after mailing by prepaid certified or registered mail, return receipt requested.
Section 10.6 Assignment
No Party shall assign this Agreement or any part hereof without the prior written consent of the other Parties, and any such transfer without prior written consent shall be void; provided, however, that Purchaser may assign its rights hereunder to any Affiliate, but shall remain liable for all of Purchaser’s obligations hereunder. Except as otherwise provided herein, this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Parties and their respective permitted successors and assigns.
Section 10.7. Press Release and Announcements
Any press release, public announcement, or similar publicity with respect to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby will be issued, if at all, at such time and in such manner as Purchaser and the Company shall mutually determine in their reasonable discretion; provided that nothing in this Section 10.7 will preclude any Party from making any disclosures necessary and proper in conjunction with the filing of any Tax Return or other document required to be filed in connection with making or obtaining (as the case may be) consents from any Governmental Authority.
Section 10.8. Rights of Third Parties
Except as provided in Section 10.3, nothing expressed or implied in this Agreement is intended or shall be construed to confer upon or give any Person, other than the Parties, any right or remedies under or by reason of this Agreement.
Section 10.9. Reliance
Each of the Parties shall be deemed to have relied upon the accuracy of the written representations and warranties made to such Party in or pursuant to this Agreement, notwithstanding any investigations conducted by or on such Party’s behalf or notice, knowledge, or belief to the contrary.
Section 10.10. Expenses
Each Party shall bear its own expenses (including fees and expenses of legal counsel, accountants, investment bankers, financial advisers, brokers, finders, and other representatives or consultants) in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby.
Section 10.11. Counterparts
This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, all of which shall constitute one agreement. A signed copy of this Agreement shall have the same force and effect as an original. Copies of executed counterparts of this Agreement transmitted by electronic transmission (including by email or in .pdf format) as well as electronically or digitally executed counterparts (such as DocuSign) shall have the same legal effect as original signatures and shall be considered original executed counterparts of this Agreement.
Section 10.12. Entire Agreement
This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement among the Parties and supersedes any other agreements, whether written or oral, that may have been made or entered into by or among any of the Parties hereto or any of their respective Affiliates relating to the transactions contemplated hereby. No representations, warranties, covenants, understandings, or agreements, oral or otherwise, relating to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement exist between the Parties except as expressly set forth in this Agreement.
Section 10.13. Severability
Whenever possible, each provision of this Agreement will be interpreted in such a manner as to be effective and valid under applicable Law, but if any provision of this Agreement (or any portion thereof) or the application of any such provision (or any portion thereof) to any person of circumstance shall be held invalid, illegal, or unenforceable in any respect by a court of competent jurisdiction, all other provisions of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect so long as the economic or legal substance of the transactions contemplated hereby is not affected in any manner materially adverse to any Party. Upon such determination that any term or other provision of this Agreement is invalid, illegal, or unenforceable under applicable Law, the Parties shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to effect the original intent of the Parties as closely as possible in an acceptable manner in order that the transactions contemplated hereby are consummated as originally contemplated to the greatest extent possible.
Section 10.14. Governing Law; Jurisdiction
This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the Laws of the State of Delaware, regardless of the Laws that might otherwise govern under applicable principles of conflicts of Laws thereof. In any action or proceeding arising out of, relating to, in connection with or to enforce this Agreement or any of the transactions contemplated hereby: (a) each of the Parties irrevocably and unconditionally consents and submits to the exclusive jurisdiction and venue of the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware and any state appellate court therefrom or, if such court lacks subject matter jurisdiction, the United States District Court sitting in New Castle County in the State of Delaware, or, if such United States District Court lacks subject matter jurisdiction, the Superior Court of the State of Delaware (it being agreed that the consents to jurisdiction and venue set forth in this section shall not constitute general consents to service of process in the State of Delaware and shall have no effect for any purpose except as provided in this paragraph and shall not be deemed to confer rights on any Person other than the Parties); and (b) each of the Parties irrevocably consents to service of process by first class certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, to the address at which such Party is to receive notice in accordance with Section 10.5. Each of the Parties hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waives any objection to the laying of venue of any action, suit or proceeding arising out of this Agreement or the Transactions in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware and any state appellate court therefrom or, if such court lacks subject matter jurisdiction, the United States District Court sitting in New Castle County in the State of Delaware, or, if such United States District Court lacks subject matter jurisdiction, the Superior Court of the State of Delaware, and hereby further irrevocably and unconditionally waives and agrees not to plead or claim in any such court that any such action, suit or proceeding brought in any such court has been brought in an inconvenient forum (including, any claim based on the doctrine of forum non conveniens or any similar doctrine). The Parties agree that a final judgment in any such action or proceeding shall be conclusive and may be enforced in other jurisdictions by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by applicable Laws; provided, however, that nothing in the foregoing shall restrict any Party’s rights to seek any post-judgment relief regarding, or any appeal from, such final trial court judgment.
Section 10.15. Amendments
These terms and provisions of this Agreement may not be amended, other than as necessary to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby in accordance with the financial and commercial terms set forth herein, of which there shall be no further amendment, and the Parties agree that there will be no further negotiation of the terms of the transactions contemplated hereby. Any such amendment must be in writing and signed by all Parties.
[Signature Page(s) Follow(s)]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by the undersigned as of the date first written above.
| PURCHASER: | ||
| BRAG HOUSE HOLDINGS, INC. | ||
| By: | ||
| Lavell Juan Malloy, II, Chief Executive Officer | ||
| MERGER SUB: | ||
| BRAG HOUSE MERGER SUB, INC. | ||
| By: | ||
| Lavell Juan Malloy, II, Chief Executive Officer | ||
| COMPANY: | ||
| HOUSE OF DOGE INC. | ||
| By: | ||
| Marco Margiotta, Chief Executive Officer | ||
[Signature Page to TBH-Doge Merger Agreement]
Exhibit 10.1
CONDITIONAL CONSENT AND LIMITED WAIVER
THIS CONDITIONAL CONSENT AND LIMITED WAIVER (this “Waiver”) is entered into as of October 12, 2025, by and between Lavell Juan Malloy, II, (“Executive”), and Brag House Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) and House of Doge, Inc., a Texas corporation (“HOD” and, together with Executive and the Company, collectively, the “Parties”).
RECITALS
WHEREAS, the Executive is a party to that certain Employment Agreement, dated as of June 15, 2024, by and between the Executive and the Company (the “Employment Agreement”);
WHEREAS, as of the date hereof, the Company, Brag House Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Merger Sub”), and House of Doge, Inc., a Texas corporation (“HOD”), entered into that certain Merger Agreement (the “Merger Agreement”), pursuant to which, among other things, HOD will merge with and into Merger Sub, with HOD surviving the Merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Transaction”);
WHEREAS, Executive’s entry into a new employment agreement, to become effective as of the closing of the Transaction (the “New Employment Agreement”), on terms mutually agreeable to the Parties to the Merger Agreement is a condition to the closing of the Transaction; and
WHEREAS, in order facilitate the Company’s consummation of the Transaction pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Executive hereby agrees to grant the limited consent and waiver as set forth in this Waiver.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements set forth in this Waiver, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Parties hereby agree as follows:
1. Limited Waiver and Consent
(a) The Executive acknowledges and agrees that, solely in connection with the Company’s entry into the Merger Agreement and not for any other purpose, and subject to Section 1(b) herein, that the Company’s entry into, and execution and delivery of the Merger Agreement, will not (i) be deemed a “Change of Control” (or any similar term) under the Employment Agreement or (ii) result in Executive’s entitlement to severance or termination-without-cause or change-of-control benefits, an annual equity award, or unlimited paid vacation (the “Limited Waiver”).
(b) The Limited Waiver granted by Executive pursuant to Section 1(a) herein shall remain in full force and effect from the date hereof and shall be automatically terminated and cancelled upon the earliest to occur of (i) the time at which the New Employment Agreement becomes effective in connection with the Closing of the Transaction, (ii) the termination, cancellation or abandonment of the Transaction as contemplated by the Merger Agreement, and (iii) upon the Parties’ mutual written consent.
(c) Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, and for the avoidance of doubt, the Limited Waiver granted herein is granted solely with respect to the Company’s entry into the Merger Agreement and shall in no way prevent, preclude, enjoin or in any other way prevent Executive from seeking damages or invoking any of the rights granted to him arising out of or under the Employment Agreement to the extent any such claim, right or damage results from acts or omissions unrelated to the Company’s execution and deliver of the Merger Agreement.
(d) The Parties further agree and acknowledge that, all stock options issued to the Executive pursuant to the Stock Option Plan as of the date hereof shall be deemed fully vested upon the Company’s entry into the Merger Agreement.
2. General Provisions
Except as expressly waived above, the Employment Agreement remains in full force and effect, and this Waiver does not limit or waive any other rights, remedies, or claims the Executive may have. This Waiver may be executed electronically in counterparts and will be interpreted under the laws of the State of New York.
[Signature Page Follows]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Waiver has been duly executed and delivered by the undersigned as of the date first written above.
| BRAG HOUSE HOLDINGS, INC. | ||
| Name: | Daniel Leibovich | |
| Title: | Chief Operating Officer | |
| EXECUTIVE | ||
| Name: | Lavell Juan Malloy, II | |
[Signature Page to Consent and Limited Waiver – Lavell Juan Malloy, II]
Exhibit 10.2
CONDITIONAL CONSENT AND LIMITED WAIVER
THIS CONDITIONAL CONSENT AND LIMITED WAIVER (this “Waiver”) is entered into as of October 12, 2025, by and between Chetan Jindal (“Executive”), and Brag House Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) and House of Doge, Inc., a Texas corporation (“HOD” and, together with Executive and the Company, collectively, the “Parties”).
RECITALS
WHEREAS, the Executive is a party to that certain Employment Agreement, dated as of December 30, 2024 by and between the Executive and the Company (the “Employment Agreement”);
WHEREAS, as of the date hereof, the Company, Brag House Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Merger Sub”), and House of Doge, Inc., a Texas corporation (“HOD”), entered into that certain Merger Agreement (the “Merger Agreement”), pursuant to which, among other things, HOD will merge with and into Merger Sub, with HOD surviving the Merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Transaction”);
WHEREAS, Executive’s entry into a new employment agreement, to become effective as of the closing of the Transaction (the “New Employment Agreement”), on terms mutually agreeable to the Parties to the Merger Agreement is a condition to the closing of the Transaction; and
WHEREAS, in order facilitate the Company’s consummation of the Transaction pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Executive hereby agrees to grant the limited consent and waiver as set forth in this Waiver.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements set forth in this Waiver, and for other good and valuable consideration (including those described in the Merger Agreement), the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Parties hereby agree as follows:
1. Limited Waiver and Consent
(a) The Executive acknowledges and agrees that, solely in connection with the Company’s entry into the Merger Agreement and not for any other purpose, and subject to Section 1(b) herein, entitlements to any of the Executive’s severance or termination-without-cause or change-of-control benefits shall be waived. In addition, section 3.3 Annual Equity Award and section 4.2. Fringe Benefits, Perquisites and Vacations as it relates to the Executive’s entitlement to “unlimited paid vacation days per calendar year” shall no longer be operative. All the foregoing acknowledgements and agreements by the Executive in this subsection 1(a) are collectively referred to as the “Limited Waiver”.
(b) The Limited Waiver granted by Executive pursuant to Section 1(a) herein shall remain in full force and effect from the date hereof and shall be automatically terminated and cancelled upon the earliest to occur of (i) the time at which the New Employment Agreement becomes effective in connection with the Closing of the Transaction, (ii) the termination, cancellation or abandonment of the Transaction as contemplated by the Merger Agreement, and (iii) upon the Parties’ mutual written consent. The New Employment Agreement shall be on substantially similar terms as the Employment Agreement except for those terms that are subject to the Limited Waiver.
(c) Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, and for the avoidance of doubt, (i) the Limited Waiver granted herein is granted solely with respect to the Company’s entry into the Merger Agreement and shall in no way prevent, preclude, enjoin or in any other way prevent Executive from seeking damages or invoking any of the rights granted to him arising out of or under the Employment Agreement to the extent any such claim, right or damage results from acts or omissions unrelated to the Company’s execution and deliver of the Merger Agreement.
(d) The Parties further agree and acknowledge that, all stock options issued to the Executive pursuant to the Stock Option Plan as of the date hereof shall be deemed fully vested upon the Company’s entry into the Merger Agreement.
2. General Provisions
Except as expressly waived above, the Employment Agreement remains in full force and effect, and this Waiver does not limit or waive any other rights, remedies, or claims the Executive may have. This Waiver may be executed electronically in counterparts and will be interpreted under the laws of the State of New York.
[Signature Page Follows]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Waiver has been duly executed and delivered by the undersigned as of the date first written above.
|
|
BRAG HOUSE HOLDINGS, INC. | |
| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
| EXECUTIVE | ||
| Name: | [Executive Name] | |
Exhibit 10.3
CONDITIONAL CONSENT AND LIMITED WAIVER
THIS CONDITIONAL CONSENT AND LIMITED WAIVER (this “Waiver”) is entered into as of October 12, 2025, by and between Daniel Leibovich (“Executive”), and Brag House Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) and House of Doge, Inc., a Texas corporation (“HOD” and, together with Executive and the Company, collectively, the “Parties”).
RECITALS
WHEREAS, the Executive is a party to that certain Employment Agreement, dated as of June 15, 2024, by and between the Executive and the Company (the “Employment Agreement”);
WHEREAS, as of the date hereof, the Company, Brag House Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Merger Sub”), and House of Doge, Inc., a Texas corporation (“HOD”), entered into that certain Merger Agreement (the “Merger Agreement”), pursuant to which, among other things, HOD will merge with and into Merger Sub, with HOD surviving the Merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Transaction”);
WHEREAS, Executive’s entry into a new employment agreement, to become effective as of the closing of the Transaction (the “New Employment Agreement”), on terms mutually agreeable to the Parties to the Merger Agreement is a condition to the closing of the Transaction; and
WHEREAS, in order facilitate the Company’s consummation of the Transaction pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Executive hereby agrees to grant the limited consent and waiver as set forth in this Waiver.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements set forth in this Waiver, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Parties hereby agree as follows:
1. Limited Waiver and Consent
(a) The Executive acknowledges and agrees that, solely in connection with the Company’s entry into the Merger Agreement and not for any other purpose, and subject to Section 1(b) herein, that the Company’s entry into, and execution and delivery of the Merger Agreement, will not (i) be deemed a “Change of Control” (or any similar term) under the Employment Agreement or (ii) result in Executive’s entitlement to severance or termination-without-cause or change-of-control benefits, an annual equity award, or unlimited paid vacation (the “Limited Waiver”).
(b) The Limited Waiver granted by Executive pursuant to Section 1(a) herein shall remain in full force and effect from the date hereof and shall be automatically terminated and cancelled upon the earliest to occur of (i) the time at which the New Employment Agreement becomes effective in connection with the Closing of the Transaction, (ii) the termination, cancellation or abandonment of the Transaction as contemplated by the Merger Agreement, and (iii) upon the Parties’ mutual written consent.
(c) Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, and for the avoidance of doubt, the Limited Waiver granted herein is granted solely with respect to the Company’s entry into the Merger Agreement and shall in no way prevent, preclude, enjoin or in any other way prevent Executive from seeking damages or invoking any of the rights granted to him arising out of or under the Employment Agreement to the extent any such claim, right or damage results from acts or omissions unrelated to the Company’s execution and deliver of the Merger Agreement.
(d) The Parties further agree and acknowledge that, all stock options issued to the Executive pursuant to the Stock Option Plan as of the date hereof shall be deemed fully vested upon the Company’s entry into the Merger Agreement.
2. General Provisions
Except as expressly waived above, the Employment Agreement remains in full force and effect, and this Waiver does not limit or waive any other rights, remedies, or claims the Executive may have. This Waiver may be executed electronically in counterparts and will be interpreted under the laws of the State of New York.
[Signature Page Follows]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Waiver has been duly executed and delivered by the undersigned as of the date first written above.
| BRAG HOUSE HOLDINGS, INC. | ||
| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
| EXECUTIVE | ||
| Name: | Daniel Leibovich | |
[Signature Page to Conditional Consent and Limited Waiver – Daniel Leibovich]
Exhibit 10.4
SECURED PROMISSORY NOTE
UP TO $8,000,000.00
FOR VALUE RECEIVED, and subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, House of Doge Inc., a corporation incorporated under the laws of the state of Texas corporation (the “Borrower”), hereby unconditionally promises to pay to the order of Brag House Holdings, Inc., or its assigns (the “Noteholder,” and together with the Borrower, the “Parties”), the principal amount of up to US$8,000,000, with the express understanding that such principal amount may be subject to mutual agreement or the discretion of the Parties to increase in accordance with the terms hereof, being the aggregate of all amounts disbursed by the Noteholder to the Borrower pursuant to Section 2.2, together with all accrued interest thereon as provided in this Secured Promissory Note (this “Note”). All references to “$” or “Dollars” in this Note shall mean U.S. Dollars, lawful money of the United States of America.
Definitions; Interpretation.
1. Capitalized terms used herein shall have the meanings set forth in this Section 1.1.
1.1.
“Advance” means each disbursement made by the Noteholder to the Borrower pursuant to Section 2.2.
“Affiliate” as to any Person, means any other Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, is in control of, is controlled by, or is under common control with, such Person. For purposes of this definition, “control” of a Person means the power, directly or indirectly, either to (a) vote 50% or more of the securities having ordinary voting power for the election of directors (or persons performing similar functions) of such Person or (b) direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such Person, whether by contract or otherwise.
“Anti-Corruption Laws” means all laws, rules, and regulations of any jurisdiction applicable to the Borrower from time to time concerning or relating to bribery or corruption, including the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977.
“Applicable Rate” means an interest rate equal to 5% per annum, calculated on the basis of a 360-day year and the actual number of days elapsed.
“Beneficial Ownership Regulation” has the meaning set forth Section 12.10.
“Borrower” has the meaning set forth in the introductory paragraph.
“Borrowing Notice” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.2.
“Business Day” means any day other than a Saturday, Sunday, or any other day on which commercial banks in New York City are authorized or required by law to close.
“Commitment Period” means the period beginning on the date hereof and ending on the date that is six (6) months following the date hereof.
“Debt” of the Borrower, means all (a) indebtedness for borrowed money; (b) obligations for the deferred purchase price of property or services, except trade payables arising in the Ordinary Course of Business; (c) obligations evidenced by notes, bonds, debentures, or other similar instruments; (d) obligations as lessee under capital leases; (e) obligations in respect of any interest rate swaps, currency exchange agreements, commodity swaps, caps, collar agreements, or similar arrangements entered into by the Borrower providing for protection against fluctuations in interest rates, currency exchange rates, or commodity prices, or the exchange of nominal interest obligations, either generally or under specific contingencies; (f) obligations under acceptance facilities and letters of credit; (g) guaranties, endorsements (other than for collection or deposit in the Ordinary Course of Business), and other contingent obligations to purchase, to provide funds for payment, to supply funds to invest in any Person, or otherwise to assure a creditor against loss, in each case, in respect of indebtedness set out in clauses (a) through (f) of a Person other than the Borrower; and (h) indebtedness set out in clauses (a) through (g) of any Person other than Borrower secured by any lien on any asset of the Borrower, whether or not such indebtedness has been assumed by the Borrower.
“Default” means any of the events specified in Section 10 which constitute an Event of Default or which, upon the giving of notice, the lapse of time, or both, pursuant to Section 10, would, unless cured or waived, become an Event of Default.
“Default Rate” means the Applicable Rate plus 9%.
“Event of Default” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.
“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America as in effect from time to time.
“Governmental Authority” means the government of the United States of America or any nation or any political subdivision thereof, whether state or local, and any agency, authority, instrumentality, regulatory body, court, central bank or other entity exercising executive, legislative, judicial, taxing, regulatory or administrative powers or functions of or pertaining to government.
“Guaranty” means that certain Guaranty, dated as of October 14, 2025, by and among the Noteholder and the Guarantors, as amended, restated, supplemented, or otherwise modified from time to time.
“Guarantors” means Dogecoin Ventures Inc., The Official Dogecoin Treasury and Reserve Inc. and House of Doge Canada Inc.
“Interest Payment Date” means the earlier of the Maturity Date.
“Interest Period” means a period of three months commencing on a Business Day selected by the Borrower. Such Interest Period shall end on the day that corresponds numerically to such date one, three, or six months thereafter, provided, however, that if there is no such numerically corresponding day in such next, third, or sixth succeeding month, such Interest Period shall end on the last Business Day of such next, third, or sixth succeeding month. If an Interest Period would otherwise end on a day that is not a Business Day, such Interest Period shall end on the next succeeding Business Day, provided, however, that if said next succeeding Business Day falls in a new calendar month, such Interest Period shall end on the immediately preceding Business Day.
“Interim Period” has the meaning given such term in the Merger Agreement.
“IP Security Agreement” means that certain Intellectual Property Security Agreement, dated as of October 14, 2025, by the Borrower in favor of the Noteholder, as amended, restated, supplemented, or otherwise modified from time to time.
“Law” as to any Person, means the certificate of incorporation and by-laws or other organizational or governing documents of such Person, and any law (including common law), statute, ordinance, treaty, rule, regulation, order, decree, judgment, writ, injunction, settlement agreement, requirement or determination of an arbitrator or a court or other Governmental Authority, in each case applicable to or binding upon such Person or any of its property or to which such Person or any of its property is subject.
“Lien” means any mortgage, pledge, hypothecation, encumbrance, lien (statutory or other), charge, or other security interest.
“Loan” means the principal amount of up to Eight Million U.S. Dollars ($8,000,000), being the aggregate of all Advances made to the Borrower under the terms of this Note, with the express understanding that such amount may be increased by mutual agreement in accordance with the terms hereof.
“Material Adverse Effect” means a material adverse effect on (a) the business, assets, properties, liabilities (actual or contingent), operations, or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Borrower; (b) the validity or enforceability of the Note or Security Agreement; (c) the perfection or priority of any Lien purported to be created under the Security Agreement; (d) the rights or remedies of the Noteholder hereunder or under the Security Agreement; or (e) the Borrower’s ability to perform any of its material payment obligations hereunder or under the Security Agreement.
“Maturity Date” means the earlier of (a) the date which is six months from the first Advance and (b) the date on which all amounts under this Note shall become due and payable pursuant to Section 11.
“Merger Agreement” means the merger agreement dated October 12, 2025 by and among Brag House Holdings, Inc., Brag House Merger Sub, Inc. and the Borrower.
“Note” has the meaning set forth in the introductory paragraph.
“Noteholder” has the meaning set forth in the introductory paragraph.
“Obligations” means, collectively, all debts, liabilities and obligations (including, without limitation, any expenses, costs and charges incurred by or on behalf of the Noteholder in connection with any Transaction Document), present or future, direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, matured or unmatured, at any time or from time to time due or accruing due and owing by or otherwise payable by the Borrower and each Guarantor to the Noteholder in any currency, under, in connection with or pursuant this Note, or to any Transaction Document, and whether incurred by the Borrower or the Guarantors alone or jointly and whether as principal, guarantor or surety and in whatever name or style.
“OFAC” means the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control.
“Ordinary Course of Business” means the ordinary course of conduct of a business consistent with past custom and practice of such business.
“Parties” has the meaning set forth in the introductory paragraph.
“Payoff Letter” means the Payoff Letter, dated as of October 14, 2025, by and between the Borrower and NE SPC LP, as amended, restated, supplemented, or otherwise modified from time to time.
“Permitted Debt” means Debt (a) existing or arising under this Note and any refinancing thereof; (b) the Short Term Note; (c) which may be deemed to exist with respect to swap contracts; (d) owed in respect of any netting services, overdrafts, and related liabilities arising from treasury, depository, and cash management services in connection with any automated clearinghouse transfers of funds; (e) unsecured insurance premiums owing in the Ordinary Course of Business (f) any Debt incurred by the Borrower provided that such Debt shall be subordinate to and second in priority to this Note and the Obligations hereunder.
“Permitted Liens” means (a) Liens for taxes not yet due or which are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings if adequate reserves with respect thereto are maintained on the books of the Borrower in conformity with GAAP, (b) the security interest and Lien granted in connection with the Short Term Note, (c) Liens created pursuant to the Security Agreement and (d) non-consensual Liens arising by operation of law, arising in the Ordinary Course of Business, and for amounts which are not overdue for a period of more than thirty (30) days or that are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings.
“Person” means any individual, corporation, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, association, company, limited or general partnership, unincorporated organization, Governmental Authority, or other entity.
“Sanctioned Country” means, at any time, a country or territory which is itself the subject or target of any comprehensive or country-wide Sanctions.
“Sanctioned Person” means, at any time, (a) any Person listed in any Sanctions-related list of designated Persons maintained by a Sanctions Authority; (b) any Person operating, organized, or resident in a Sanctioned Country, (c) any Person controlled or 50% owned by any such Person or Persons described in the foregoing clauses (a) or (b), or (d) any Person that is the subject or target of any Sanctions.
“Sanctions” mean all economic or financial sanctions or trade embargoes imposed, administered, or enforced from time to time by a Sanctions Authority.
“Sanctions Authority” means OFAC, the U.S. Department of State, the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, any EU member state, the United Kingdom, Canada, or other relevant sanctions authority.
“Security Agreement” means the Security and Pledge Agreement, dated as of October 14, 2025, by the Borrower and the Guarantors in favor of the Noteholder, as amended, restated, supplemented, or otherwise modified from time to time.
“Short Term Note” means that certain Secured Short Term Demand Note in the principal sum of $3,5000,000, dated as of September 2, 2025, by and between the Borrower and NE SPC LP, as amended, restated, supplemented, or otherwise modified from time to time.
“Transaction Documents” means, collectively, this Note, the Security Agreement, the Guaranty, the IP Security Agreement, the Payoff Letter, and all other agreements, instruments, certificates, documents, and undertakings executed or delivered in connection with any of the foregoing or otherwise relating to the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby.
“USA PATRIOT Act” means the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (Title III of Pub. L. 107-56, signed into law October 26, 2001).
1.1 Interpretation. For purposes of this Note (a) the words “include,” “includes,” and “including” shall be deemed to be followed by the words “without limitation”; (b) the word “or” is not exclusive; and (c) the words “herein,” “hereof,” “hereby,” “hereto,” and “hereunder” refer to this Note as a whole. The definitions given for any defined terms in this Note shall apply equally to both the singular and plural forms of the terms defined. Whenever the context may require, any pronoun shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine, and neuter forms. Unless the context otherwise requires, references herein to: (x) Schedules, Exhibits, and Sections mean the Schedules, Exhibits, and Sections of this Note; (y) an agreement, instrument, or other document means such agreement, instrument, or other document as amended, supplemented, and modified from time to time to the extent permitted by the provisions thereof; and (z) a statute means such statute as amended from time to time and includes any successor legislation thereto and any regulations promulgated thereunder. This Note shall be construed without regard to any presumption or rule requiring construction or interpretation against the party drafting an instrument or causing any instrument to be drafted.
2. Loan Disbursement Mechanics.
2.1 Commitment and Initial Disbursement. Subject to the satisfaction (or written waiver by the Noteholder) of the initial closing conditions set forth in Section 2.3 of this Note, the Noteholder shall disburse to the Borrower an initial advance in the principal amount of $4,500,000 (the “Initial Advance Amount”) on the date such conditions are satisfied (the “Initial Closing Date”), in immediately available funds, without the need for a Borrowing Notice (as defined below). The remaining undrawn portion of the Loan shall be available to the Borrower during the Commitment Period as Advances in accordance with Section 2.2, in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed the Loan, less the amount funded under this Section 2.1.
2.2 Advances. Provided that no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Borrower may request one or more advances of Loan proceeds (each, an “Advance,” and collectively, the “Advances”) during the Interim Period by delivering to the Noteholder a written notice (a “Borrowing Notice”), in the form attached hereto as Exhibit “A”, at least one (1) Business Day prior to the requested disbursement date, specifying that (a) no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, (b) the requested principal amount of such Advance, and (c) the requested disbursement date. Each Borrowing Notice shall be deemed to restate and reaffirm the Borrower’s representations and warranties set forth in Section 7 as of both the date of such Borrowing Notice and the requested disbursement date. Upon timely receipt of a conforming Borrowing Notice and satisfaction (or written waiver by the Noteholder) of the applicable conditions precedent (including those set forth in Section 2.4), the Noteholder shall fund the requested Advance on the specified disbursement date in immediately available funds. For the avoidance of doubt, the aggregate principal amount of all Advances under this Section 2.2 shall not exceed the then-available, undrawn portion of the Loan.
2.3 Initial Closing Deliverables.
(a) Borrower Deliverables. On or prior to the Initial Closing Date, the Borrower shall deliver, or cause to be delivered, to the Noteholder the following:
(i) duly executed copies of the Transaction Documents to which the Borrower is a party;
(ii) a certificate, dated as of the Initial Closing Date and duly executed by an authorized officer of the Borrower, certifying that (A) the resolutions of the Borrower’s Board of Directors authorizing the execution, delivery, and performance of each Transaction Document and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby are in full force and effect as of such date, and (B) the representations and warranties of the Borrower contained in this Note and the other Transaction Documents are true and correct in all material respects as of such date; (iii) a duly executed Payoff Letter and evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Noteholder that the Short Term Note will be, fully repaid, cancelled, or otherwise extinguished in accordance with its terms on or before October 14, 2025; and
(iv) a completed funds flow memorandum or written wire transfer instructions attached hereto as Exhibit “B” (the “Wire Instructions”), designating the account or accounts to which the Initial Advance Amount is to be disbursed.
(b) Noteholder Deliverables. On or prior to the Initial Closing Date, the Noteholder shall deliver, or cause to be delivered, to the Borrower the following:
(i) duly executed copies of the Transaction Documents to which the Noteholder is a party; and
(ii) the Initial Advance Amount, in immediately available funds, in immediately available funds, in accordance with the Wire Instructions.
2.4 Subsequent Closing Deliverables
(a) As a condition precedent to each Advance made after the Initial Advance Amount, the Borrower shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Noteholder, at least one (1) Business Day prior to the requested disbursement date (unless such period is waived by the Noteholder in writing) (each such date on which an Advance is funded after the Initial Closing Date, an “Additional Closing Date”):
(i) a duly completed and executed Borrowing Notice specifying (A) the requested principal amount of such Advance, (B) the requested disbursement date, and (C) confirmation that no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing;
(ii) an
officer’s certificate, dated as of the requested disbursement date, certifying that (A) the representations and warranties of the
Borrower contained in this Note and the other Transaction Documents are true and correct in all material respects as of such date (except
to the extent made as of an earlier date), and (B) no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing or would result from
the making of such Advance; and
(iii) on the first Additional Closing Date only, evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Noteholder that the Short Term Note has been fully repaid, cancelled, or otherwise extinguished in accordance with its terms, including delivery of a payoff confirmation, cancellation instrument, or other written evidence of discharge executed by the holder thereof.
(b) Upon receipt of the items set forth in Section 2.4(a) and satisfaction (or written waiver by the Noteholder) of any other conditions precedent then applicable, the Noteholder shall disburse to the Borrower, in immediately available funds, the principal amount of the Advance specified in the applicable Borrowing Notice, in accordance with the Wire Instructions, as the same may be updated with the prior written consent of the Noteholder.
(c) For the avoidance of doubt, each Advance funded pursuant to this Section 2.4 shall be deemed to constitute part of the Loan and shall be subject to all terms and conditions set forth in this Note and the other Transaction Documents.
3. Payment Dates
3.1 Payment Dates. The aggregate unpaid principal amount of the Loan, all accrued and unpaid interest, and all other amounts payable under this Note shall be due and payable on the Maturity Date, unless otherwise provided in Section 11.
4. Security Agreement. The Borrower’s performance of its obligations hereunder is secured by a first priority security interest in the collateral specified in the Security Agreement, subject only to Permitted Liens.
5. Interest.
5.1 Interest Rate. Except as otherwise provided herein, the outstanding principal amount of each Advance made hereunder shall bear interest at the Applicable Rate from the date such Advance is made until the Loan is paid in full, whether at maturity, upon acceleration, by prepayment, or otherwise.
5.2 Interest Payment Dates. Interest shall be payable in full to the Noteholder on Interest Payment Date.
5.3 Default Interest. If any amount payable hereunder is not paid when due (without regard to any applicable grace periods) and remains unpaid after the expiration of five (5) Business Days following the due date, whether at stated maturity, by acceleration, or otherwise, such overdue amount shall bear interest at the Default Rate from the date of such non-payment until such amount is paid in full. Upon the earlier of (a) payment in full of such overdue amount and (b) cure of the Event of Default, interest shall revert to the Interest Rate.
5.4 Computation of Interest. All computations of interest shall be made on the basis of 365 or 366 days, as the case may be, and the actual number of days elapsed. Interest shall accrue on each Advance on the day such Advance is made and shall cease to accrue on the day such Advance is paid in full.
5.5 Interest Rate Limitation. If at any time and for any reason the interest rate payable on any Advance shall exceed the maximum rate of interest permitted to be charged by the Noteholder to the Borrower under applicable law, such interest rate shall automatically be reduced to the maximum rate permitted by applicable law, and any portion of interest collected in excess of such maximum rate shall be deemed a voluntary prepayment of principal.
6. Payment Mechanics.
6.1 Manner of Payments. All payments of interest and principal under this Note shall be made in lawful money of the United States of America no later than 12:00 PM Eastern Standard Time on the date on which such payment is due by wire transfer of immediately available funds to the Noteholder’s account at a bank specified by the Noteholder in writing to the Borrower from time to time.
6.2 Application of Payments. All payments made under this Note shall be applied first to the payment of any fees or charges outstanding hereunder, second to accrued interest, and third to the payment of the principal amount outstanding under the Note.
6.3 Business Day Convention. Whenever any payment to be made hereunder shall be due on a day that is not a Business Day, such payment shall be made on the next succeeding Business Day and such extension will be taken into account in calculating the amount of interest payable under this Note.
6.4 Evidence of Debt. The Noteholder is authorized to record on the grid attached hereto as Exhibit “C” the Loan, and each Advance made to the Borrower and each payment or prepayment thereof. The entries made by the Noteholder shall, to the extent permitted by applicable Law, be prima facie evidence of the existence and amounts of the obligations of the Borrower therein recorded; provided, however, that the failure of the Noteholder to record such payments or prepayments, or any inaccuracy therein, shall not in any manner affect the obligation of the Borrower to repay (with applicable interest) the Loan in accordance with the terms of this Note.
6.5 Rescission of Payments. If at any time any payment made by the Borrower under this Note is rescinded or must otherwise be restored or returned upon the insolvency, bankruptcy, or reorganization of the Borrower or otherwise, the Borrower’s obligation to make such payment shall be reinstated as though such payment had not been made.
7. Representations and Warranties. The Borrower hereby represents and warrants to the Noteholder on the date hereof as follows:
7.1 Existence; Power and Authority; Compliance with Laws. The Borrower (a) is a corporation duly incorporated, validly existing, and in good standing under the laws of the state of its jurisdiction of organization, (b) has the requisite power and authority, and the legal right, to own, lease, and operate its properties and assets and to conduct its business as it is now being conducted, to execute and deliver this Note and the Security Agreement, and to perform its obligations hereunder and thereunder, and (c) is in compliance with all Laws except to the extent that any such failure to comply would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect.
7.2 Authorization; Execution and Delivery. The execution and delivery of this Note and the Security Agreement by the Borrower and the performance of its obligations hereunder and thereunder have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action in accordance with all applicable Laws. The Borrower has duly executed and delivered this Note and the Security Agreement.
7.3 No Approvals. No consent or authorization of, filing with, notice to, or other act by, or in respect of, any Governmental Authority or any other Person is required in order for the Borrower to execute, deliver, or perform any of its obligations under this Note or the Security Agreement, except for any filings required for purposes of perfecting the security interest under the Security Agreement.
7.4 No Violations. The execution and delivery of this Note and the Security Agreement and the consummation by the Borrower of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby do not and will not (a) violate any Law applicable to the Borrower or by which any of its properties or assets may be bound; or (b) constitute a default under any material agreement or contract by which the Borrower may be bound.
7.5 Enforceability. The Note and the Security Agreement is a valid, legal, and binding obligation of the Borrower, enforceable against the Borrower in accordance with its terms, except as enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, or similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally and by general equitable principles (whether enforcement is sought by proceedings in equity or at law).
7.6 No Litigation. No action, suit, litigation, investigation, or proceeding of, or before, any arbitrator or Governmental Authority is pending or, to the knowledge of the Borrower, threatened by or against the Borrower or any of its property or assets (a) with respect to the Note, the Security Agreement, or any of the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby or (b) that could be expected to materially adversely affect the Borrower’s financial condition or the ability of the Borrower to perform its obligations under the Note or the Security Agreement.
7.7 USA PATRIOT Act; Anti-Money Laundering. The Borrower is, and to the knowledge of the Borrower, its directors, officers, employees, and agents are, in compliance in all material respects with the USA PATRIOT Act, and any other applicable terrorism and money laundering laws, rules, regulations, and orders.
7.8 Anti-Corruption Laws and Sanctions.
(a) The Borrower has implemented and maintains in effect policies and procedures reasonably designed to ensure compliance in all material respects by the Borrower and its directors, officers, employees, and agents with Anti-Corruption Laws and applicable Sanctions and the Borrower is, and to the knowledge of the Borrower, its directors, officers, employees, and agents are, in compliance with Anti-Corruption Laws and applicable Sanctions in all material respects.
(b) The Borrower is not, and to the knowledge of the Borrower, no director, officer, employee of the Borrower, or any agent of the Borrower that will act in any capacity in connection with or benefit from the Loan, is a Sanctioned Person.
(c) No use of proceeds of the Loan or other transaction contemplated by this Note will violate any Anti-Corruption Law or applicable Sanctions.
8. Affirmative Covenants. Until all amounts outstanding under this Note have been paid in full, the Borrower shall:
8.1 Maintenance of Existence. (a) Preserve, renew, and maintain in full force and effect its corporate or organizational existence and (b) take all reasonable action to maintain all rights, privileges, and franchises necessary or desirable in the normal conduct of its business, except, in each case, where the failure to do so would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
8.2 Compliance. (a) Comply with all Laws applicable to it and its business and its obligations under its material contracts and agreements, except where the failure to do so could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect and (b) maintain in effect and enforce policies and procedures reasonably designed to achieve compliance in all material respects by the Borrower and its directors, officers, employees and agents with Anti-Corruption Laws and applicable Sanctions.
8.3 Payment Obligations. Pay, discharge, or otherwise satisfy at or before maturity or before they become delinquent, as the case may be, all its material obligations of whatever nature, except where the amount or validity thereof is currently being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings, and reserves in conformity with GAAP with respect thereto have been provided on its books.
8.4 Notice of Events of Default. As soon as possible and in any event within five (5) Business Days after it becomes aware that an Event of Default has occurred, notify the Noteholder in writing of the nature and extent of such Event of Default and the action, if any, it has taken or proposes to take with respect to such Event of Default.
8.5 Further Assurances. Upon the request of the Noteholder, the Borrower shall promptly execute and deliver such further instruments, documents, and agreements, and take such further actions, as may be necessary or advisable to carry out the intent and purposes of this Note and the Security Agreement.
9. Negative Covenants. Until all amounts outstanding under this Note have been paid in full, the Borrower shall not:
9.1 Indebtedness. Incur, create, or assume any Debt, other than Permitted Debt.
9.2 Liens. Incur, create, assume, or suffer to exist any Lien except for Permitted Liens.
9.3 Line of Business. Enter into any business, directly or indirectly, except for those businesses in which the Borrower is engaged on the date of this Note or that are reasonably related thereto or otherwise in the Ordinary Course of Business.
10. Events of Default. The occurrence and continuance of any of the following shall constitute an Event of Default hereunder:
10.1 Failure to Pay. The Borrower fails to pay (a) any principal amount of the Loan when due or (b) interest or any other amount when due and such failure continues for thirty (30) days after written notice to the Borrower.
10.2 Breach of Representations and Warranties. Any representation or warranty made or deemed made by the Borrower to the Noteholder herein or in the Security Agreement shall prove to have been incorrect in any material respect on or as of the date such representation or warranty was made or deemed made, and to extent such representation or warranty is capable of being cured, such representation or warranty has not been cured for a period of thirty (30) days after the earlier of (x) the Borrower becoming aware of such default and (y) delivery of notice from the Noteholder to the Borrower.
10.3 Breach of Covenants.
The Borrower fails to observe or perform (a) any covenant, condition, or agreement contained in Section 8.4 or Section 9 or (b) any other material covenant, obligation, condition, or agreement contained in this Note or the Security Agreement, other than those specified in clause (a) and Section 10.1, and such failure continues for thirty (30) days after written notice to the Borrower.
10.4 Cross-Defaults. The Borrower fails to pay when due any of its Debt (other than Debt arising under this Note) having an aggregate principal balance of over $100,000, or any interest or premium thereon, when due and such failure continues after the applicable grace period, if any, specified in the agreement or instrument relating to such Debt.
10.5 Bankruptcy.
(a) The Borrower commences any case, proceeding, or other action (i) under any existing or future Law relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, or other relief of debtors, seeking to have an order for relief entered with respect to it, or seeking to adjudicate it as bankrupt or insolvent, or seeking reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, winding-up, liquidation, dissolution, composition, or other relief with respect to it or its debts or (ii) seeking appointment of a receiver, trustee, custodian, conservator, or other similar official for it or for all or any substantial part of its assets, or the Borrower makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors;
(b) There is commenced against the Borrower any case, proceeding, or other action of a nature referred to in Section 10.5(a) which (i) results in the entry of an order for relief or any such adjudication or appointment or (ii) remains undismissed, undischarged, or unbonded for a period of thirty (30) days;
(c) There is commenced against the Borrower any case, proceeding, or other action seeking issuance of a warrant of attachment, execution, or similar process against all or any substantial part of its assets which results in the entry of an order for any such relief which has not been vacated, discharged, or stayed or bonded pending appeal within thirty (30) days from the entry thereof; (d) The Borrower takes any action in furtherance of, or indicating its consent to, approval of, or acquiescence in, any of the acts set forth in Section 10.5(a), Section 10.5(b), or Section 10.5(c) above; or
(e) The Borrower is generally not, or shall be unable to, or admits in writing its inability to, pay its debts as they become due.
10.6 Judgments. One or more judgments or decrees shall be entered against the Borrower and all of such judgments or decrees shall not have been vacated, discharged, or stayed or bonded pending appeal within thirty (30) days from the entry thereof.
11. Remedies. Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default and at any time thereafter during the continuance thereof, the Noteholder may, by written notice to the Borrower, decline to make or fund any further Advances so long as the conditions set forth in Section 2.4 have not been satisfied or waived in writing by the Noteholder, and may declare the entire outstanding principal amount of the Loan, including the Initial Advance, together with all accrued and unpaid interest thereon and all other amounts payable under this Note, to be immediately due and payable, and exercise any rights or remedies available to it under this Note, the Security Agreement, or applicable law; provided, however, that upon the occurrence of any Event of Default described in Section 10.5, the principal of and all accrued interest on the Loan, together with all other amounts owing hereunder, shall automatically and immediately become due and payable without the need for any notice, declaration, demand, or other act by the Noteholder.
12. Miscellaneous.
12.1 Notices.
(a) All notices, requests, or other communications required or permitted to be delivered hereunder shall be delivered in writing, in each case to the address specified below or to such other address as such Party may from time to time specify in writing in compliance with this provision:
(i) If to the Borrower:
HOUSE OF DOGE INC.
2045 NW 1st Avenue
Miami, Florida 33127
Attn:
Marco Margiotta, CEO
Email: marco@houseofdoge.com with a copy to legal@houseofdoge.com
With a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to: Seward & Kissel LLP One Battery Park Plaza New York, NY 10004 Attn: Keith J. Billotti, Esq. Email: billotti@sewkis.com (ii) If to the Noteholder:
Brag House Holdings, Inc.
45 Park Street
Monclair, New Jersey 070412
Attn: Lavell Juan Malloy, II, Chief Executive Officer
Email: lavell@thebraghouse.com
With a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to: Lucosky Brookman LLP, Attention of Seth Brookman, sbrookman@lucbro.com.
(b) Notices if (i) mailed by certified or registered mail or sent by hand or overnight courier service shall be deemed to have been given when received; (ii) sent by facsimile during the recipient’s normal business hours shall be deemed to have been given when sent (and if sent after normal business hours shall be deemed to have been given at the opening of the recipient’s business on the next business day); and (iii) sent by email shall be deemed received upon the sender’s receipt of an acknowledgment from the intended recipient (such as by the “return receipt requested” function, as available, return email, or other written acknowledgment).
12.2 Expenses. The Borrower shall reimburse the Noteholder on demand for all reasonable and documented out-of-pocket costs, expenses, and fees (including reasonable expenses and legal fees of its counsel incurred by the Noteholder in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby including the negotiation, documentation, and execution of this Note and the Security Agreement and the enforcement of the Noteholder’s rights hereunder.
12.3 Governing Law. This Note, the Security Agreement, the Transaction Documents, and any claim, controversy, dispute, or cause of action (whether in contract or tort or otherwise) based upon, arising out of, or relating to this Note, the Security Agreement, or Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated hereby shall be governed by the laws of the State of New York.
12.4 Submission to Jurisdiction.
(a) The Borrower hereby irrevocably and unconditionally (i) agrees that any legal action, suit, or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Note or the Security Agreement may be brought in the courts of the State of New York sitting in the Borough of Manhattan, City of New York, or in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, and (ii) submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of any such court in any such action, suit, or proceeding. Final judgment against the Borrower in any such action, suit, or proceeding shall be conclusive and may be enforced in any other jurisdiction by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by law.
(b) Nothing in this Section 12.4 shall affect the right of the Noteholder to (i) commence legal proceedings or otherwise sue the Borrower in any other court having jurisdiction over the Borrower or (ii) serve process upon the Borrower in any manner authorized by the laws of any such jurisdiction.
12.5 Venue. The Borrower irrevocably and unconditionally waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any objection that it may now or hereafter have to the laying of venue of any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Note or the Security Agreement in any court referred to in Section 12.4 and the defense of an inconvenient forum to the maintenance of such action or proceeding in any such court.
12.6 Waiver of Jury Trial. THE BORROWER HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY RELATING TO THIS NOTE, THE SECURITY AGREEMENT, OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY, WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT, OR OTHERWISE.
12.7 Integration. This Note the Security Agreement, and the Transaction Documents, constitutes the entire contract between the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all previous agreements and understandings, oral or written, with respect thereto.
12.8 Successors and Assigns. This Note may be assigned or transferred by the Noteholder to any Person with the prior written consent of the Borrower; provided that the Noteholder notifies the Borrower, in writing, of such assignment, provides to the Borrower the corresponding assignment agreement, and surrenders this Note to the Borrower for re-issuance to the transferee. The Borrower may not assign or transfer this Note or any of its rights hereunder without the prior written consent of the Noteholder. This Note shall inure to the benefit of, and be binding upon, the Parties and their permitted assigns.
12.9 Waiver of Notice. The Borrower hereby waives demand for payment, presentment for payment, protest, notice of payment, notice of dishonor, notice of nonpayment, notice of acceleration of maturity, and diligence in taking any action to collect sums owing hereunder.
12.10 USA PATRIOT Act. The Noteholder hereby notifies the Borrower that pursuant to the requirements of the USA PATRIOT Act and 31 C.F.R. § 1010.230 (the “Beneficial Ownership Regulation”), it is required to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies the Borrower, which information includes the name and address of the Borrower and other information that will allow the Noteholder to identify the Borrower in accordance with the USA PATRIOT Act and the Beneficial Ownership Regulation, and the Borrower agrees to provide such information from time to time to the Noteholder.
12.11 Amendments and Waivers. No term of this Note may be waived, modified, or amended except by an instrument in writing signed by both of the Parties. Any waiver of the terms hereof shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the specific purpose given.
12.12 Headings. The headings of the various Sections and subsections herein are for reference only and shall not define, modify, expand, or limit any of the terms or provisions hereof.
12.13 No Waiver; Cumulative Remedies. No failure to exercise, and no delay in exercising on the part of the Noteholder, of any right, remedy, power, or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof; nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power, or privilege hereunder preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, remedy, power, or privilege. The rights, remedies, powers, and privileges herein provided are cumulative and not exclusive of any rights, remedies, powers, and privileges provided by law.
12.14 Electronic Execution. The words “execution,” “signed,” “signature,” and words of similar import in the Note shall be deemed to include electronic or digital signatures or electronic records, each of which shall be of the same effect, validity, and enforceability as manually executed signatures or a paper-based record-keeping system, as the case may be, to the extent and as provided for under applicable law, including the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act of 2000 (15 U.S.C. §§ 7001 to 7031), the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (UETA), or any state law based on the UETA, including the New York Electronic Signatures and Records Act (N.Y. State Tech. §§ 301 to 309).
12.15 Severability. If any term or provision of this Note or the Security Agreement is invalid, illegal, or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such invalidity, illegality, or unenforceability shall not affect any other term or provision of this Note or the Security Agreement or invalidate or render unenforceable such term or provision in any other jurisdiction. Upon such determination that any term or other provision is invalid, illegal, or unenforceable, the Parties shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Note so as to effect the original intent of the parties as closely as possible in a mutually acceptable manner in order that the transactions contemplated hereby be consummated as originally contemplated to the greatest extent possible.
[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Borrower has executed this Note as of October 14, 2025.
| HOUSE OF DOGE INC., as Borrower | ||||
| By | ||||
| Name: | Marco Margiotta | |||
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | |||
| By its acceptance of this Note, the Noteholder acknowledges and agrees to be bound by the provisions of Section 2.2. | ||||
| BRAG HOUSE HOLDINGS, INC., as Noteholder | ||||
| By | ||||
| Name: | Lavell Juan Malloy, II | |||
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | |||
[Signature Page to Secured Promissory Note]
EXHIBIT A FORM OF BORROWING NOTICE (SEE ATTACHED)
EXHIBIT B WIRE INSTRUCTIONS (SEE ATTACHED)
EXHIBIT C EVIDENCE OF DEBT (SEE ATTACHED)
Exhibit 10.5
SECURITY AND PLEDGE AGREEMENT
SECURITY AND PLEDGE AGREEMENT, dated as of October 14, 2025 (this “Agreement”), made by House of Doge Inc., a corporation incorporated under the laws of the state of Texas (the “Company”), and each of the undersigned Guarantors (as defined below) of the Company from time to time, if any (together with the Company, each a “Grantor” and, collectively, the “Grantors”), in favor of Brag House Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, with offices located at 45 Park Street, Montclair, New Jersey 070412, in its capacity as Noteholder (together with its successors and assigns, the “Noteholder”) and as a party to the Note (as defined below).
W I T N E S S E T H:
WHEREAS, the Company has issued to the Noteholder that certain Secured Promissory Note, dated as of October 14, 2025 (as amended, modified, supplemented, extended, renewed, restated or replaced from time to time in accordance with its terms, the “Note”), in the original principal sum of up to $8,000,0000 in favor of the Noteholder (as such note may be amended, modified, supplemented, extended, renewed, restated or replaced from time to time in accordance with its terms, the “Note”);
WHEREAS, Dogecoin Ventures Inc., The Official Dogecoin Treasury and Reserve, Inc. and House of Doge Canada Inc. as guarantors (each a “Guarantor” and collectively, the “Guarantors”) have provided a Guaranty dated the date hereof (the “Guaranty”) in favor of the Noteholder, with respect to the Company’s obligations under the Note and the other Transaction Documents (as defined in the Note);
WHEREAS, it is a condition precedent to the Noteholder making the loans to the Company pursuant to the Note that each of the Grantors execute and deliver to the Noteholder this Agreement; and
WHEREAS, the Grantors are Affiliates that are part of a common enterprise such that each Grantor will derive substantial direct and indirect financial and other benefits from the consummation of the transactions contemplated under the Transaction Documents and, accordingly, the consummation of such transactions are in the best interests of each Grantor;
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the agreements herein, and in order to induce the Noteholder to perform its obligations under the Note, each Grantor hereby agrees with the Noteholder as follows:
SECTION 1.Definitions.
(a) Reference is hereby made to the Note for a statement of the terms thereof. All terms used in this Agreement and the recitals hereto which are defined the Note or in the Code, and which are not otherwise defined herein shall have the same meanings herein as set forth therein; provided that terms used herein which are defined in the Code on the date hereof shall continue to have the same meaning notwithstanding any replacement or amendment of the Code.
(b) Without limiting the generality of, and subject to the proviso at the end of, Section 1(a) of this Agreement, the following terms shall have the respective meanings provided for in the Code: “Accounts”, “Account Debtor”, “Cash Proceeds”, “Certificate of Title”, “Chattel Paper”, “Commercial Tort Claim”, “Commodity Account”, “Commodity Contracts”, “Deposit Account”, “Documents”, “Electronic Chattel Paper”, “Electronic Document”, “Electronic Money”, “Equipment”, “Financial Assets”, “Fixtures”, “General Intangibles”, “Goods”, “Instruments”, “Inventory”, “Investment Property”, “Letter-of-Credit Rights”, “Noncash Proceeds”, “Payment Intangibles”, “Proceeds”, “Promissory Notes”, “Security”, “Record”, “Security Account”, “Security Entitlement”, “Software”, “Supporting Obligations” and “Uncertificated Securities”.
(c) As used in this Agreement, the following terms shall have the respective meanings indicated below, such meanings to be applicable equally to both the singular and plural forms of such terms:
“Affiliate” of any Person means any other Person which, directly or indirectly, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with such Person and any officer or director of such Person. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, a Person shall be deemed to be “controlled by” any other Person if such Person possesses, directly or indirectly, power to vote 10% or more of the securities (on a fully diluted basis) having ordinary voting power for the election of directors or managers or power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such Person, whether by contract or otherwise.
“Bankruptcy Code” means Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the United States Code, 11 U.S.C §§ 101 et seq. (or other applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or similar laws).
“Bankruptcy Event of Default” means any event in which the Company or any Subsidiary becomes insolvent, admits inability to pay debts, commences or is subject to bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings, or has a receiver, trustee, or similar officer appointed over it or its assets.
“Business Day” means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in New York City are authorized or required by law to remain closed; provided, however, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized or required by law to remain closed due to “stay at home”, “shelter-in-place”, “non-essential employee” or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any Governmental Authority so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York generally are open for use by customers on such day.
“Capital Stock” means (i) with respect to any Person that is a corporation or a company, any and all shares, interests, participations or other equivalents (however designated and whether or not voting) of corporate stock (including, without limitation, any warrants, options, rights or other securities exercisable or convertible into equity interests or securities of such Person), and (ii) with respect to any Person that is not an individual or a corporation, any and all partnership, membership, trust or other equity interests of such Person.
“Code” means the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect from time to time in the State of New York (and as the same may be amended from time to time); provided that, if perfection or the effect of perfection or non-perfection or the priority of any security interest in any Collateral is governed by the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect in a jurisdiction other than the State of New York, “Code” means the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect from time to time in such other jurisdiction for purposes of the provisions hereof relating to such perfection, effect of perfection or non-perfection or priority.
“Collateral” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3(a) of this Agreement.
“Company” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble hereto.
“Control” means (i) with respect to any deposit account, “control”, within the meaning of Section 9-104 of the Code, (ii) with respect to any securities account, security entitlement, commodity contract or commodity account, control within the meaning of Section 9-106 of the Code, (iii) with respect to any uncertificated security, control within the meaning of Section 8-106(c) of the Code, (iv) with respect to any certificated security, control within the meaning of Section 8-106(a) or (b) of the Code, (v) with respect to any Electronic Chattel Paper, control within the meaning of Section 9-105 of the Code, (vi) with respect to any Electronic Documents, control within the meaning of Section 7-106 of the Code, (vii) with respect to any Controllable Electronic Record, control within the meaning of Section 12-105 of the Code, (viii) with respect to letter-of-credit rights, control within the meaning of Section 9-107 of the Code, (ix) with respect to any Transferable Record, control within the meaning of Section 201 of the Federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act or in Section 16 of the UETA as in effect in the jurisdiction relevant to such Transferable Record, and (x) with respect to money, insofar as not otherwise covered under clauses (i) through (ix), the possession or legal right to possess and exercise exclusive control with respect to such money by way of exercise of power of attorney, right to assignment, escrow agreement, irrevocable letter of direction, physical possession or other right or power granted to the Noteholder by the applicable Grantor.
“Copyright Licenses” means all licenses, contracts or other agreements, whether written or oral, naming any Grantor as licensee or licensor and providing for the grant of any right to use or sell any works covered by any Copyright (including, without limitation, all Copyright Licenses set forth in Schedule II hereto).
“Copyrights” means all domestic and foreign copyrights, whether registered or not, including, without limitation, all copyright rights throughout the universe (whether now or hereafter arising) in any and all media (whether now or hereafter developed), in and to all original works of authorship fixed in any tangible medium of expression, acquired or used by any Grantor (including, without limitation, all copyrights described in Schedule II hereto), all applications, registrations and recordings thereof (including, without limitation, applications, registrations and recordings in the United States Copyright Office or in any similar office or agency of the United States or any other country or any political subdivision thereof), and all reissues, divisions, continuations, continuations in part and extensions or renewals thereof.
“Domestic Subsidiary” means any Subsidiary other than a Foreign Subsidiary.
“Event of Default” shall have the meaning set forth in the Note.
“Excluded Collateral” means such portion of the voting Capital Stock of any Foreign Subsidiary in excess of 65% of the issued and outstanding voting Capital Stock of such Foreign Subsidiary at any time the pledging of more than 65% of the total outstanding voting Capital Stock of such Foreign Subsidiary would result in a material adverse tax consequence to a Grantor.
“Foreign Subsidiary” means any Subsidiary of a Grantor organized under the laws of a jurisdiction other than the United States, any of the states thereof, Puerto Rico or the District of Columbia.
“GAAP” means U.S. generally accepted accounting principles consistently applied.
“Guarantor” or “Guarantors” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals hereto.
“Guaranty” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals hereto.
“Insolvency Proceeding” means any proceeding commenced by or against any Person under any provision of the Bankruptcy Code or under any other bankruptcy or insolvency law or law for the relief of debtors, any proceeding relating to assignments for the benefit of creditors, formal or informal moratoria, compositions, or extensions generally with creditors, or any proceeding seeking reorganization, arrangement, or other similar relief.
“Intellectual Property” means, collectively, all intellectual property rights and assets, and all rights, interests and protections that are associated with, similar to, or required for the exercise of, any of the foregoing, however arising, under the applicable laws of any jurisdiction throughout the world, whether registered or unregistered, including, without limitation, any and all: (a) Trademarks; (b) internet domain names, whether or not trademarks, registered in any top-level domain by any authorized private registrar or Governmental Authority, web addresses, web pages, websites and related content; (c) accounts with YouTube, LinkedIn, Twitter, Instagram, Facebook and other social media companies and the content found thereon (to the extent that such accounts and content are transferable pursuant to the terms, conditions, and policies of each applicable social media platform); (d) Copyrights; (e) Patents; and (f) business and technical information, databases, data collections and other confidential and proprietary information and all rights therein.
“Intellectual Property Security Agreement” means the Intellectual Property Security Agreement required to be delivered pursuant to Section 6(h)(i) of this Agreement, substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A.
“Licenses” means, collectively, the Copyright Licenses, the Trademark Licenses and the Patent Licenses.
“Lien” means any mortgage, lien, pledge, charge, security interest, adverse claim or other encumbrance upon or in any property or assets.
“Noteholder” means, at any time, the holder of the Note at such time.
“Note” has the meaning given such term in the recitals.
“Paid in Full” or “Payment in Full” means the latest to occur of (a) the indefeasible payment in full in cash of all of the Obligations, (b) no Note issued by the Grantors pursuant to the Note remain outstanding (whether such Note has been converted in full to shares of Common Stock of the Company or otherwise satisfied in accordance with the terms of the Note).
“Patent Licenses” means all material licenses, contracts or other agreements, whether written or oral, naming any Grantor as licensee or licensor and providing for the grant of any right to manufacture, use or sell any invention covered by any Patent (including, without limitation, all Patent Licenses set forth in Schedule II hereto).
“Patents” means all domestic and foreign letters patent, design patents, utility patents, industrial designs, inventions, trade secrets, ideas, concepts, methods, techniques, processes, proprietary information, technology, know-how, formulae, rights of publicity and other general intangibles of like nature, now existing or hereafter acquired (including, without limitation, all domestic and foreign letters patent, design patents, utility patents, industrial designs, inventions, trade secrets, ideas, concepts, methods, techniques, processes, proprietary information, technology, know-how and formulae described in Schedule II hereto), all applications, registrations and recordings thereof (including, without limitation, applications, registrations and recordings in the United States Patent and Trademark Office, or in any similar office or agency of the United States or any other country or any political subdivision thereof), and all reissues, reexaminations, divisions, continuations, continuations in part and extensions or renewals thereof.
“Perfection Requirement” or “Perfection Requirements” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5(j) of this Agreement.
“Person” means an individual, corporation, limited liability company, partnership, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization, joint venture or other enterprise or entity or Governmental Authority.
“Pledged Debt” means (i) the Pledged Equity; (ii) all Promissory Notes, Securities and Instruments evidencing debt now owned or at any time hereafter acquired by it (including, without limitation, those listed opposite the name of such Grantor on Schedule IV).
“Pledged Entity” means, each Person listed from time to time on Schedule IV hereto as a “Pledged Entity”, together with each other Person, any right in or interest in or to all or a portion of whose Securities or Capital Stock is acquired or otherwise owned by a Grantor after the date hereof.
“Pledged Equity” means all of each Grantor’s right, title and interest in and to all of the Securities and Capital Stock now or hereafter owned by such Grantor (including, without limitation, those interests listed opposite the name of such Grantor on Schedule IV), regardless of class or designation, including all substitutions therefor and replacements thereof, all proceeds thereof and all rights relating thereto, also including, without limitation, any certificates representing such Securities and/or Capital Stock, the right to receive any certificates representing any of such Securities and/or Capital Stock, all warrants, options, subscription, share appreciation rights and other rights, contractual or otherwise, in respect thereof, and the right to receive dividends, distributions of income, profits, surplus, or other compensation by way of income or liquidating distributions, in cash or in kind, and cash, instruments, and other property from time to time received, receivable, or otherwise distributed in respect of or in addition to, in substitution of, on account of, or in exchange for any or all of the foregoing.
“Pledged Operating Agreements” means all of each Grantor’s rights, powers and remedies under the limited liability company operating agreements of each of the Pledged Entities that is a limited liability company, as may be amended, modified, supplemented, extended, renewed, restated or replaced from time to time.
“Pledged Partnership Agreements” means all of each Grantor’s rights, powers, and remedies under the general or limited partnership agreements of each of the Pledged Entities that is a general or limited partnership, as may be amended, modified, supplemented, extended, renewed, restated or replaced from time to time.
“Pledged Securities” means any Promissory Notes, stock certificates, limited liability membership interests or other Securities, certificates or Instruments, including all Pledged Equity, Pledged Debt and all other certificates, instruments or other documents representing or evidencing any of the above.
“Subsidiary” means any Person, including, without limitation, any Domestic Subsidiary or Foreign Subsidiary, in which a Grantor directly or indirectly (i) owns any of the outstanding Capital Stock or holds any equity or similar interest of such Person, or (ii) controls or operates all or any part of the business, operations or administration of such Person, and all of the foregoing, collectively, the “Subsidiaries.”
“Trademark Licenses” means all material licenses, contracts or other agreements, whether written or oral, naming any Grantor as licensor or licensee and providing for the grant of any right concerning any Trademark, together with any goodwill connected with and symbolized by any such licenses, contracts or agreements and the right to prepare for sale or lease and sell or lease any and all Inventory now or hereafter owned by any Grantor and now or hereafter covered by such licenses, contracts or agreements (including, without limitation, all Trademark Licenses described in Schedule II hereto).
“Trademarks” means all domestic and foreign trademarks, service marks, collective marks, certification marks, trade names, business names, d/b/a’s, assumed names, Internet domain names, trade styles, designs, logos and other source or business identifiers and all general intangibles of like nature, now or hereafter owned, adopted, acquired or used by any Grantor (including, without limitation, all domestic and foreign trademarks, service marks, collective marks, certification marks, trade names, business names, d/b/a’s, assumed names, Internet domain names, trade styles, designs, logos and other source or business identifiers described in Schedule II hereto), all applications, registrations and recordings thereof (including, without limitation, applications, registrations and recordings in the United States Patent and Trademark Office or in any similar office or agency of the United States, any state thereof or any other country or any political subdivision thereof), and all reissues, extensions or renewals thereof, together with all goodwill of the business symbolized by such marks and all customer lists, formulae and other Records of any Grantor relating to the distribution of products and services in connection with which any of such marks are used.
“Transferable Record” means a “transferable record” as defined in the Federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, the New York State Electronic Signatures and Records Act, the UETA of any applicable jurisdiction or any similar state law based on the UETA.
“UETA” means the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act.
SECTION 2.Grant of Security Interest.
(a) As collateral security for the due and punctual payment and performance in full of the Obligations, as and when due, each Grantor hereby pledges and assigns to the Noteholder, its successors and permitted assigns, and hereby grants to the Noteholder, its successors and permitted assigns, a continuing Lien on and security interest in, all of such Grantor’s right, title and interest in, to and under all personal property and assets of such Grantor, wherever located and whether now or hereafter existing and whether now owned or hereafter acquired, of every kind, nature and description, whether tangible or intangible (collectively, the “Collateral”), including, without limitation, the following:
(i) all Accounts whether tangible or electronic);
(ii) all Chattel Paper (whether tangible or Electronic Chattel Paper);
(iii) all Commercial Tort Claims, including, without limitation, those specified on Schedule VI hereto;
(iv) all Documents (including, if applicable, electronic Documents);
(v) all Equipment;
(vi) all Fixtures;
(vii) all General Intangibles (including, without limitation, all Payment Intangibles (whether tangible or electronic));
(viii) all Goods;
(ix) all Instruments;
(x) all Inventory;
(xi) all Investment Property (and, regardless of whether classified as Investment Property under the Code, all Pledged Equity, Pledged Operating Agreements and Pledged Partnership Agreements);
(xii) all Intellectual Property and all Licenses;
(xiii) all Letter-of-Credit Rights;
(xiv) all cash and other property from time to time deposited therein, and all monies (whether tangible or electronic) and property in the possession or under the control of the Noteholder or any Affiliate, representative, agent or correspondent of the Noteholder.
(xv) all Supporting Obligations;
(xvi) All controllable accounts, controllable electronic records, controllable payment intangibles, Electronic Chattel Paper, Electronic Documents, Electronic Money, and Transferable Records;
(xvii) all other tangible and intangible personal property of each Grantor (whether or not subject to the Code), including, without limitation, all Deposit Accounts and other accounts and all cash and all investments therein, all proceeds, products, offspring, accessions, rents, profits, income, benefits, substitutions and replacements of and to any of the property of any Grantor described in the preceding clauses of this Section 3(a) (including, without limitation, any proceeds of insurance thereon and all causes of action, claims and warranties now or hereafter held by each Grantor in respect of any of the items listed above), and all books, correspondence, files and other Records, including, without limitation, all tapes, desks, cards, Software, data and computer programs in the possession or under the control of any Grantor or any other Person from time to time acting for any Grantor, in each case, to the extent of such Grantor’s rights therein, that at any time evidence or contain information relating to any of the property described in the preceding clauses of this Section 3(a) or are otherwise necessary or helpful in the collection or realization thereof; and
(xviii) all Proceeds, including all Cash Proceeds and Noncash Proceeds, and products of any and all of the foregoing Collateral;
in each case howsoever any Grantor’s interest therein may arise or appear (whether by ownership, security interest, claim or otherwise).
(b) Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the term “Collateral” shall not include any Excluded Collateral.
(c) Each Grantor agrees not to further encumber, or permit any other Lien to exist that encumbers, any of its Intellectual Property, including, without limitation, any of its Copyrights, Copyright applications, Copyright registrations and like protections in each work of authorship and derivative work, whether published or unpublished, Licenses, Patents, Patent applications and like protections, including, without limitation, improvements, divisions, continuations, renewals, reissues, extensions, and continuations-in-part of the same, Trademarks, service marks and, to the extent permitted under applicable law, any applications therefor, whether registered or not, and the goodwill of the business of such Grantor connected with and symbolized thereby, know-how, operating manuals, trade secret rights, rights to unpatented inventions, and any claims for damage by way of any past, present, or future infringement of any of the foregoing, in each case without the Noteholder’s prior written consent (which consent may be withheld or given in the Noteholder’s sole and absolute discretion).
(d) Each Grantor agrees that the pledge of the shares of Capital Stock acquired by such Grantor of any and all Persons now or hereafter existing that is a Foreign Subsidiary may be supplemented by one or more separate pledge agreements, deeds of pledge, share charges or other similar agreements or instruments, executed and delivered by such Grantor in favor of the Noteholder, which agreements or instruments will provide for the pledge of such shares of Capital Stock and perfection of the Lien on such shares in accordance with the laws of the applicable foreign jurisdiction. With respect to such shares of Capital Stock, the Noteholder may, at any time and from time to time, in its sole and absolute discretion, take such actions in such foreign jurisdictions that will result in the perfection of the Lien created in such shares of Capital Stock.
(e) In addition, to secure the due and punctual payment and performance in full of the Obligations, as and when due, and in order to induce the Noteholder as aforesaid, each Grantor hereby grants to the Noteholder, its successors and permitted assigns, a right of set-off against the property of such Grantor held by the Noteholder, consisting of property described above in Section 2(a) and/or Section 3(a) now or hereafter in the possession or custody of or in transit to the Noteholder, for any purpose, including safekeeping, collection or pledge, for the account of such Grantor, or as to which such Grantor may have any right or power; provided that such right shall only to be exercised after an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing.
(f) On or promptly following the Initial Closing Date (in the case of any Grantor that grants a Lien on any of its assets hereunder ) or the date on which it becomes a party to this Agreement pursuant to Section 6(m) (in the case of any other Grantor), each Grantor shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Noteholder any and all Pledged Securities (other than any Uncertificated Securities, but only for so long as such Securities remain uncertificated) to the extent such Pledged Securities, in the case of Promissory Notes and other Instruments evidencing debt, are required to be delivered pursuant to Section 2(c). Thereafter, whenever such Grantor acquires any other Pledged Security (other than any Uncertificated Securities, but only for so long as such Uncertificated Securities remain uncertificated), such Grantor shall promptly, and in any event within 30 days (or such longer period as the Noteholder may agree to in writing), deliver or cause to be delivered to the Noteholder such Pledged Security as Collateral hereunder to the extent such Pledged Securities, in the case of Promissory Notes and Instruments evidencing debt, are required to be delivered pursuant to Section 2(g).
(g) Each Grantor will cause all debt for borrowed money in an aggregate principal amount of $10,000 or more owed to such Grantor by any other Person to be evidenced by a duly executed Promissory Note, and shall cause each such Promissory Note to be pledged and delivered to the Noteholder, (i) on or promptly following the Initial Closing Date, in the case of any such debt existing on the date hereof (or, in the case of any Grantor that becomes a party hereto after the date hereof, on the date such Grantor becomes a party hereto, in the case of any such debt existing on such date) or (ii) promptly following the incurrence thereof, in the case of any such debt incurred after the date hereof (or such other date), in each case pursuant to the terms hereof.
(h) Upon delivery to the Noteholder, (i) any Pledged Securities required to be delivered pursuant to Section 2(f) and/or 2(g) shall be accompanied by undated stock or note powers duly executed by the applicable Grantor in blank or other instruments of transfer reasonably satisfactory to the Noteholder and by such other instruments and documents as the Noteholder may reasonably request in order to effect the transfer of such Pledged Securities and (ii) all other property comprising part of the Collateral required to be delivered pursuant to Section 2(f) and/or 2(g) shall be accompanied by undated proper instruments of assignment duly executed by the applicable Grantor and such other instruments or documents as the Noteholder may reasonably request in order to effect transfer of such Collateral. Each delivery of Pledged Securities shall be accompanied by a schedule describing such Pledged Securities, as the case may be, which schedule shall be deemed to supplement Schedule IV and be made a part hereof; provided that failure to attach any such schedule hereto shall not affect the validity of such pledge of such Pledged Securities. Each schedule so delivered shall supplement any prior schedules so delivered.
(i) The assignment, pledge, Lien and security interest granted in Section 2(a) are granted as security only and shall not subject the Noteholder to, or in any way alter or modify, any obligation or liability of any Grantor with respect to or arising out of the Collateral.
(j) If an Event of Default shall occur and be continuing and, other than in the case of an Event of Default caused by a Bankruptcy Event, the Noteholder shall have notified the Company of its intent to exercise such rights, (a) the Noteholder, shall have the right (in its sole and absolute discretion) to cause each of the Pledged Securities to be transferred of record into the name of the Noteholder or into the name of its nominee (as pledgee or as sub-agent) or the name of the applicable Grantor, endorsed or assigned in blank or in favor of the Noteholder and (b) to the extent permitted by the documentation governing such Pledged Securities and applicable law, the Noteholder shall have the right to exchange the certificates representing Pledged Securities for certificates of smaller or larger denominations for any purpose consistent with this Agreement. Each Grantor will promptly give to the Noteholder copies of any material notices received by it with respect to Pledged Securities registered in the name of such Grantor. Each Grantor will take any and all actions reasonably requested by the Noteholder to facilitate compliance with this Section 2(f).
(k) Unless and until an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing and, other than in the case of an Event of Default caused by a Bankruptcy Event, the Noteholder shall have notified the Grantors that the rights of the Grantors under this Section 2(k) are being suspended:
(i) Each Grantor shall be entitled to exercise any and all voting and/or other consensual rights and powers inuring to an owner of Pledged Securities or any part thereof for any purpose consistent with the terms of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents.
(ii) The Noteholder shall promptly execute and deliver to each Grantor, or cause to be executed and delivered to such Grantor, all such proxies, powers of attorney and other instruments as such Grantor may reasonably request in writing for the purpose of enabling such Grantor to exercise the voting and/or consensual rights and powers it is entitled to exercise pursuant to Section 2(k)(i), in each case as shall be specified in such request.
(iii) Each Grantor shall be entitled to receive and retain any and all dividends, interest, principal and other distributions paid on or distributed in respect of the Pledged Securities, to the extent (and only to the extent) that such dividends, interest, principal and other distributions are permitted by, the other Transaction Documents and applicable laws; provided that any noncash dividends, interest, principal or other distributions that would constitute Pledged Equity or Pledged Debt, whether resulting from a subdivision, combination or reclassification of the outstanding equity interests of the issuer of any Pledged Securities or received in exchange for Pledged Securities or any part thereof, or in redemption thereof, or as a result of any merger, consolidation, acquisition or other exchange of assets to which such issuer may be a party or otherwise, shall be and become part of the Pledged Securities, and, if received by any Grantor, shall be held in trust for the benefit of the Noteholder and shall, to the extent required by Section 2(f) and/or 2(g) be forthwith delivered to the Noteholder in the same form as so received (with any necessary endorsement or documents set forth in Section 2(h) or as otherwise reasonably requested by the Noteholder). So long as no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Noteholder shall promptly deliver to each Grantor any Pledged Securities in its possession if requested to be delivered to the issuer thereof in connection with any exchange or redemption of such Pledged Securities.
(l) Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default and, other than in the case of an Event of Default caused by a Bankruptcy Event, after the Noteholder shall have notified the Grantors of the suspension of the rights of the Grantors under Section 2(k)(iii), all rights of any Grantor to dividends, interest, principal or other distributions that such Grantor is authorized to receive pursuant to Section 2(k)(iii) shall cease, and all such rights shall thereupon become vested in the Noteholder, which shall have the sole and exclusive right and authority to receive and retain such dividends, interest, principal or other distributions as part of the Pledged Securities, subject to Section 2(o) and the last sentence of this Section 2(l). All dividends, interest, principal or other distributions received by any Grantor contrary to the provisions of Section 2(k) or this Section 2(l) shall be held in trust for the benefit of the Noteholder and shall be forthwith delivered to the Noteholder upon demand in the same form as so received (with any necessary endorsement reasonably requested by the Noteholder). Any and all money and other property paid over to or received by the Noteholder pursuant to the provisions of Section 2(k) and/or this Section 2(l) shall be retained by the Noteholder in an account to be established by the Noteholder upon receipt of such money or other property, shall be held as security for the payment and performance of the Obligations and shall be applied in accordance with the provisions of Section 7. After all Events of Default have been waived, and the Grantors have delivered to the Noteholder a certificate of an executive officer to such effect, the Noteholder shall promptly repay to each Grantor (without interest) all dividends, interest, principal or other distributions that such Grantor would otherwise be permitted to retain pursuant to the terms of Section 2(k)(iii) in the absence of an Event of Default and that remain in such account.
(m) Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default and, other than in the case of an Event of Default caused by a Bankruptcy Event, after the Noteholder shall have notified the Grantors of the suspension of the rights of the Grantors under Section 2(k)(i), all rights of any Grantor to exercise the voting and consensual rights and powers it is entitled to exercise pursuant to Section 2(k)(i), and the obligations of the Noteholder under Section 2(k)(ii), shall cease, and all such rights shall thereupon become vested in the Noteholder, which shall have the sole and exclusive right and authority to exercise such voting and consensual rights and powers subject to Section 2(o) and the last sentence of this Section 2(m); provided that, the Noteholder shall have the right from time to time following and during the continuance of an Event of Default to permit the Grantors to exercise such rights. After all Events of Default have been waived, and the Grantors have delivered to the Noteholder a certificate of an executive officer to such effect, each Grantor shall have the exclusive right to exercise the voting and/or consensual rights and powers that such Grantor would otherwise be entitled to exercise pursuant to the terms of Section 2(k)(i), and the obligations of the Noteholder under Section 2(k)(ii) shall be reinstated.
(n) Any notice given by the Noteholder to the Grantors under Section 2(j), Section 2(k), Section 2(l) or Section 2(m): (i) may be given by telephone if promptly confirmed in writing; (ii) may be given with respect to one or more of the Grantors at the same or different times; and (iii) may suspend the rights of the Grantors under Section 2(k)(i) or 2(k)(iii) in part without suspending all such rights (as specified by the Noteholder in its sole and absolute discretion) and without waiving or otherwise affecting the Noteholder’s rights to give additional notices from time to time suspending other rights so long as an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing.
(o) Nothing contained in this Agreement shall be construed to make the Noteholder liable as a member of any company or limited liability company or as a partner of any partnership by virtue of this Agreement or otherwise (except as referred to in the following sentence) shall have any of the duties, obligations or liabilities of a member of any limited liability company or as a partner in any partnership. The parties hereto expressly agree that, unless the Noteholder shall become the absolute owner of Pledged Equity consisting of a limited liability company interest or a partnership interest pursuant hereto, this Agreement shall not be construed as creating a partnership or joint venture among the Noteholder, any Grantor and/or any other Person.
SECTION 3.Security for Obligations. The Lien and security interest created hereby in the Collateral constitutes continuing collateral security for all debts, liabilities, and obligations (collectively, the “Obligations”) of any kind and description, whether now existing or hereafter arising, present or future, direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, matured or unmatured, at any time or from time to time owing by or otherwise payable by the Company or Grantors to the Noteholder, in any currency, under, in connection with, or pursuant to the Notes or any of the Transaction Documents (including, without limitation, this Agreement), and whether incurred by the Company, any Grantor, alone or jointly with others and whether as principal, guarantor, or surety and in whatever name or style, together with all interest, fees, costs, charges, and expenses (including, without limitation, any expenses, costs, and charges incurred by or on behalf of the Noteholder in connection with the enforcement or protection of any rights under any Transaction Document).
(a) (i) the payment by the Company and each other Grantor, as and when due and payable (by scheduled maturity, required prepayment, acceleration, demand or otherwise), of all amounts from time to time owing by it in respect of this Agreement, the Note and the other Transaction Documents, and (ii) in the case of the Guarantors, the payment by each Guarantor of its obligations under the Guaranty when due and payable, including, without limitation, payment by each Guarantor, as and when due and payable of all Obligations, including, without limitation, in both cases, (A) all principal of, interest, make-whole and other amounts on the Note (including, without limitation, all interest, make-whole and other amounts that accrues after the commencement of any Insolvency Proceeding of any Grantor, whether or not the payment of such interest is enforceable or is allowable in such Insolvency Proceeding), and (B) all fees, interest, premiums, penalties, contract causes of action, costs, commissions, expense reimbursements, indemnifications and all other amounts due or to become due under this Agreement or any of the Transaction Documents; and (b) the due and punctual performance and observance by the Company each Grantor of all of its other obligations from time to time existing in respect of any of the Transaction Documents, including without limitation, with respect to any conversion, exchange or redemption rights of the Noteholder under the Note.
SECTION 4.Representations and Warranties. Each Grantor represents and warrants as follows:
(a) Schedule I hereto sets forth (i) the exact legal name of each Grantor, and (ii) the state or country of incorporation, organization or formation and the organizational identification number of each Grantor in such state or country. The information set forth in Schedule I hereto with respect to such Grantor is true and accurate in all respects. Such Grantor has not previously changed its name (or operated under any other name), jurisdiction of incorporation or organization or organizational identification number from those set forth in Schedule I hereto except as disclosed in Schedule I hereto.
(b) There is no pending or, to its knowledge, written notice threatening any action, suit, proceeding or claim affecting any Grantor before any Governmental Authority or any arbitrator, or any order, judgment or award issued by any Governmental Authority or arbitrator, in each case, that may adversely affect the grant by any Grantor, or the perfection, of the Lien and security interest purported to be created hereby in the Collateral, or the exercise by the Noteholder of any of its rights or remedies hereunder.
(c) All Federal, state and local tax returns and other reports required by applicable law to be filed by any Grantor have been filed, or extensions have been obtained, and all taxes, assessments and other governmental charges or levies imposed upon any Grantor or any property of any Grantor (including, without limitation, all federal income and social security taxes on employees’ wages) and which have become due and payable on or prior to the date hereof have been paid, except to the extent contested in good faith by proper proceedings which stay the imposition of any penalty, fine or Lien resulting from the non-payment thereof and with respect to which adequate reserves have been set aside for the payment thereof in accordance with GAAP.
(d) All Equipment, Fixtures, Goods and Inventory of each Grantor now existing are, and all Equipment, Fixtures, Goods and Inventory of each Grantor hereafter existing will be, located and/or based at the addresses specified therefor in Schedule III hereto, except that each Grantor will give the Noteholder written notice of any change in the location of any such Collateral within 20 days of such change, other than to locations set forth on Schedule III hereto (and with respect to which the Noteholder has filed financing statements and otherwise fully perfected its Liens thereon). Each Grantor’s principal place of business and chief executive office, the place where each Grantor keeps its Records concerning the Collateral and all originals of all Chattel Paper in which any Grantor has any right, title or interest are located and will continue to be located at the addresses specified therefor in Schedule III hereto. None of the Accounts in which any Grantor has any right, title or interest is or will be evidenced by Promissory Notes or other Instruments.
(e) Set forth in Schedule IV hereto is a complete and accurate list, as of the Initial Closing Date, of (i) all Pledged Debt, specifying the debtor thereof and the outstanding principal amount thereof as of the Initial Closing Date, Securities and other Instruments in which any Grantor has any right, title or interest. Set forth in Schedule I hereto is a complete and correct list of each trade name used by each Grantor and the name of, and each trade name used by, each Person from which each Grantor has acquired any substantial part of the Collateral. All of the Pledged Debt, to the best of the Grantors’ knowledge (provided that no such knowledge qualification applies to Pledged Debt issued by a Grantor or a Subsidiary), is the legal, valid and binding obligation of the issuer thereof, enforceable against such issuer in accordance with its terms, except as may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, fraudulent conveyance, suretyship or other similar laws and equitable principles (regardless of whether enforcement is sought in equity or at law).
(f) Each Grantor has delivered to the Noteholder complete and correct copies of each material License described in Schedule II hereto, including all schedules and exhibits thereto, which represent all of the material Licenses of the Grantors existing on the date of this Agreement. Each such material License sets forth the entire agreement and understanding of the parties thereto relating to the subject matter thereof, and there are no other agreements, arrangements or understandings, written or oral, relating to the matters covered thereby or the rights of such Grantor or any of its Affiliates in respect thereof. Each material License now existing is, and any material License entered into in the future will be, the legal, valid and binding obligation of the parties thereto, enforceable against such parties in accordance with its terms. No default under any material License by any such party has occurred, nor does any defense, offset, deduction or counterclaim exist thereunder in favor of any such party.
(g) Each Grantor owns and controls, or otherwise possesses adequate rights to use, all of its Intellectual Property, which is the only Intellectual Property necessary to conduct its business in substantially the same manner as conducted as of the date hereof. Schedule II hereto sets forth a true and complete list of all Intellectual Property and material Licenses owned or used by each Grantor as of the date hereof, and applications for grant or registration of Intellectual Property. To the knowledge of each Grantor, all such Intellectual Property of such Grantor is subsisting and in full force and effect, has not been adjudged invalid or unenforceable, is valid and enforceable and has not been abandoned in whole or in part. Except as set forth in Schedule II, no such Intellectual Property is the subject of any licensing or franchising agreement. Except as set forth in Schedule II, no Grantor has any knowledge of any infringement upon or conflict with the Patent, Trademark, Copyright, trade secret rights of others and, each Grantor is not now infringing or in conflict with any Patent, Trademark, Copyright, trade secret or similar rights of others, and to the knowledge of each Grantor, no other Person is now infringing or in conflict in any material respect with any such properties, assets and rights owned or used by each Grantor. No Grantor has received any notice that it is violating or has violated the Trademarks, Patents, Copyrights, inventions, trade secrets, proprietary information and technology, know-how, formulae, rights of publicity or other intellectual property rights of any third party.
(h) Each Grantor is and will be at all times the sole and exclusive owner of the Collateral in which such Grantor has granted a Lien and security interest hereunder free and clear of any Liens, except for (i) Permitted Liens thereon and (ii) certain Intellectual Property rights of the Company which is jointly owned by the Company with certain third parties as described in Schedule II hereto. No effective financing statement or other instrument similar in effect covering all or any part of the Collateral is on file in any recording or filing office except such as (i) may have been filed in favor of the Noteholder relating to this Agreement or the other Transaction Documents, or (ii) are intended to perfect Permitted Liens existing as of the date hereof and disclosed on Schedule VII hereto.
(i) The exercise by the Noteholder of any of its rights and remedies hereunder will not contravene any law or any contractual restriction binding on or otherwise affecting any Grantor or any of its properties and will not result in or require the creation of any Lien, upon or with respect to any of its properties other than as granted pursuant to this Agreement.
(j) No authorization or approval or other action by, and no notice to or filing with, any Governmental Authority, is required for (i) the grant by each Grantor, or the perfection, of the Lien and security interest purported to be created hereby in the Collateral, or (ii) the exercise by the Noteholder of any of its rights and remedies hereunder, except for (A) the filing under the Code as in effect in the applicable jurisdiction of the financing statements described in Schedule V hereto, all of which financing statements have been duly filed and are in full force and effect, (B) with respect to the perfection of the security interest created hereby in the United States Intellectual Property and Licenses, if any, the recording of the appropriate Intellectual Property Security Agreement in the United States Patent and Trademark Office or the United States Copyright Office, as applicable, (C) with respect to the perfection of the security interest created hereby in foreign Intellectual Property and Licenses, registrations and filings in jurisdictions located outside of the United States and covering rights in such jurisdictions relating to such foreign Intellectual Property and Licenses, (D) with respect to the perfection of the security interest created hereby in any Letter-of-Credit Rights, the consent of the issuer of the applicable letter of credit to the assignment of proceeds as provided in the Code as in effect in the applicable jurisdiction, (E) with respect to Investment Property constituting uncertificated securities, the applicable Grantor causing the issuer thereof either (i) to register the Noteholder as the registered owner of such securities or (ii) to agree in an authenticated record with such Grantor and the Noteholder that such issuer will comply with instructions with respect to such securities originated by the Noteholder without further consent of such Grantor, such authenticated record to be in form and substance satisfactory to the Noteholder, (I) with respect to Investment Property constituting certificated securities or instruments, such items to be delivered to and held by or on behalf of the Noteholder pursuant hereto in suitable form for transfer by delivery or accompanied by duly executed instruments of transfer or assignment in blank, all in form and substance satisfactory to the Noteholder, (J) with respect to any action that may be necessary to obtain Control of Collateral constituting Commodity Contracts, Electronic Chattel Paper or Letter of Credit Rights, the taking of such actions, and (K) the Noteholder having possession of all Documents, Chattel Paper, Instruments and cash constituting Collateral (subclauses (A) through (K) each a “Perfection Requirement” and collectively, the “Perfection Requirements”).
(k) This Agreement creates in favor of the Noteholder a legal, valid and enforceable Lien on and security interest in the Collateral, as security for the Obligations. The performance of the Perfection Requirements results in (or shall result in) the perfection of such Lien on and security interest in the Collateral. Such Lien and security interest is (or in the case of Collateral in which any Grantor obtains any right, title or interest after the date hereof, will be), subject only to Permitted Liens and the Perfection Requirements, a first priority, valid, enforceable and perfected Lien on and security interest in the Collateral (other than Excluded Collateral). Such recordings and filings and all other action necessary to perfect and protect such Lien and security interest have been duly taken (and, in the case of Collateral in which any Grantor obtains right, title or interest after the date hereof, will be duly taken), except for the Noteholder’s having possession of all Documents, Chattel Paper, Instruments and cash constituting Collateral after the date hereof and the other actions, filings and recordations described above, including the Perfection Requirements.
(l) As of the date hereof, no Grantor holds any Commercial Tort Claims or has knowledge of any pending Commercial Tort Claims, except for the Commercial Tort Claims described in Schedule VI.
(m) All of the Pledged Equity is presently owned by the applicable Grantor as set forth in Schedule IV free and clear of all Liens other than Permitted Liens, and is presently represented by the certificates listed on Schedule IV hereto (if applicable). As of the date hereof, there are no existing options, warrants, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to the Pledged Equity other than as contemplated and permitted by the Transaction Documents. Each Grantor is the sole holder of record and the sole beneficial owner of the Pledged Equity, as applicable. None of the Pledged Equity has been issued or transferred in violation of the securities registration, securities disclosure or similar laws of any jurisdiction to which such issuance or transfer may be subject. The Pledged Equity constitutes 100% or such other percentage as set forth on Schedule IV of the issued and outstanding shares of Capital Stock of the applicable Pledged Entity. All of the Pledged Equity has been duly and validly authorized and issued by the issuer thereof and in the case of Pledged Equity (other than Pledged Equity consisting of limited liability company interests or partnership interests which, pursuant to the relevant organizational or formation documents, cannot be fully paid and non-assessable), is fully paid and non-assessable.
(n) Such Grantor (i) is a company, corporation, limited liability company or limited partnership, as applicable, duly organized or incorporated, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation, organization or formation, (ii) has all requisite corporate, limited liability company or limited partnership power, as applicable, and authority to conduct its business as now conducted and as presently contemplated and to execute and deliver this Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which such Grantor is a party, and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby and (iii) is duly qualified to do business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which the character of the properties owned or leased by it or in which the transaction of its business makes such qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified would not result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(o) The execution, delivery and performance by each Grantor of this Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which such Grantor is a party (i) have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate, limited liability company or limited partnership action, as applicable, (ii) do not and will not contravene its memorandum of association or articles of association, charter or by-laws, limited liability company or operating agreement, certificate of partnership or partnership agreement, as applicable, or any applicable law or any contractual restriction binding on such Grantor or its properties, (iii) do not and will not result in or require the creation of any Lien (other than pursuant to any Transaction Document) upon or with respect to any of its assets or properties, and (iv) do not and will not result in any default, noncompliance, suspension, revocation, impairment, forfeiture or nonrenewal of any material permit, license, authorization or approval applicable to it or its operations or any of its assets or properties.
(p) This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by each Grantor and is the legal, valid and binding obligation of such Grantor, enforceable against such Grantor in accordance with its terms, except as may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, fraudulent conveyance, suretyship or other similar laws and equitable principles (regardless of whether enforcement is sought in equity or at law). Each of the other Transaction Documents to which any Grantor is or will be a party, when delivered, duly executed and delivered by such Grantor and the legal, valid and binding obligation of such Grantor, enforceable against such Grantor in accordance with its terms, except as may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, fraudulent conveyance, suretyship or other similar laws and equitable principles (regardless of whether enforcement is sought in equity or at law).
(q) There are no conditions precedent to the effectiveness of this Agreement that have not been satisfied or waived.
SECTION 5.Covenants as to the Collateral. Until all of the Obligations shall have been fully performed and Paid in Full, unless the Noteholder shall otherwise consent in writing (in its sole and absolute discretion):
(a) Further Assurances. Each Grantor will, at its expense, at any time and from time to time, promptly execute and deliver all further instruments and documents and take all further action that the Noteholder may reasonably request in order to: (i) perfect and protect the Lien and security interest of the Noteholder created hereby; (ii) enable the Noteholder to exercise and enforce its rights and remedies hereunder in respect of the Collateral; or (iii) otherwise effect the purposes of this Agreement, including, without limitation: (A) at the request of the Noteholder, marking conspicuously all Chattel Paper and each License and, at the request of the Noteholder, each of its Records pertaining to the Collateral with a legend, in form and substance satisfactory to the Noteholder, indicating that such Chattel Paper, License or Collateral is subject to the Lien and security interest created hereby, (B) delivering and pledging to the Noteholder each Promissory Note, Security (subject to the limitations set forth in Section 3), Chattel Paper or other Instrument, now or hereafter owned by any Grantor, duly endorsed and accompanied by executed instruments of transfer or assignment, all in form and substance satisfactory to the Noteholder, (C) executing and filing (to the extent, if any, that any Grantor’s signature is required thereon) or authenticating the filing of, such financing or continuation statements, or amendments thereto, as may be necessary or that the Noteholder may reasonably request in order to perfect and preserve the security interest created hereby, (D) furnishing to the Noteholder from time to time statements and schedules further identifying and describing the Collateral and such other reports in connection with the Collateral in each case as the Noteholder may reasonably request, all in reasonable detail, and if any Collateral shall be in the possession of a third party, notifying such Person of the Noteholder’s security interest created hereby and obtaining a written acknowledgment from such Person, in form and substance satisfactory to the Noteholder, that such Person holds possession of the Collateral for the benefit of the Noteholder, (F) if at any time after the date hereof, any Grantor acquires or holds any Commercial Tort Claim, promptly notifying the Noteholder in a writing signed by such Grantor setting forth a brief description of such Commercial Tort Claim and granting to the Noteholder a Lien and security interest therein and in the Proceeds thereof, which writing shall incorporate the provisions hereof and shall be in form and substance satisfactory to the Noteholder, (G) upon the acquisition after the date hereof by any Grantor of any Titled Equipment (as defined below) subject to a certificate of title or ownership (other than Titled Equipment that is subject to a purchase money security interest), causing the Noteholder to be listed as the lienholder on such certificate of title or ownership and delivering evidence of the same to the Noteholder in accordance with Section 6(j) hereof; and (H) taking all actions required by the Code or by other applicable law, as applicable, in any relevant Code jurisdiction, or by other applicable law as applicable in any foreign jurisdiction.
(b) Location of Collateral. Each Grantor will keep the Collateral (i) at the locations specified therefor on Schedule III hereto, or (ii) at such other locations set forth on Schedule III and with respect to which the Noteholder has filed financing statements and otherwise fully perfected its Liens thereon, or (iii) at such other locations in the United States, provided that thirty (30) days prior to any change in the location of any Collateral to such other location, or upon the acquisition of any Collateral to be kept at such other locations, the Grantors shall give the Noteholder written notice thereof and deliver to the Noteholder a new Schedule III indicating such new locations and such other written statements and schedules as the Noteholder may require.
(c) Condition of Equipment. Each Grantor will maintain or cause to be maintained and preserved in good condition, repair and working order, ordinary wear and tear and casualty and condemnation excepted, the Equipment (necessary or useful to its business) and will forthwith, or in the case of any loss or damage to any Equipment of any Grantor within a commercially reasonable time after the occurrence thereof, make or cause to be made all repairs, replacements and other improvements in connection therewith which are necessary or desirable, consistent with past practice, or which the Noteholder may request to such end, except where any failure to maintain, preserve, repair, replace or improve as provided in this clause (c) could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Any Grantor will promptly furnish to the Noteholder a statement describing in reasonable detail any such loss or damage in excess of $25,000 per occurrence to any Equipment.
(d) Taxes, Etc. Each Grantor agrees to pay promptly when due all property and other taxes, assessments and governmental charges or levies imposed upon, and all claims (including claims for labor, materials and supplies) against, the Equipment and Inventory, except to the extent the validity thereof is being contested in good faith by proper proceedings which stay the imposition of any penalty, fine or Lien resulting from the non-payment thereof and with respect to which adequate reserves in accordance with GAAP have been set aside for the payment thereof.
(e) Insurance.
(i) Each Grantor will, at its own expense, maintain insurance (including, without limitation, comprehensive general liability, hazard, rent and business interruption insurance) with respect to (A) its properties (including all real properties leased or owned by it) and (B) its business, in each case, in such amounts and covering such risks, in such form and with responsible and reputable insurance companies or associations as is required by any Governmental Authority having jurisdiction with respect thereto or as is carried generally in accordance with sound business practice by companies in similar businesses similarly situated and in any event, in amount, adequacy and scope reasonably satisfactory to the Noteholder.
(ii) To the extent requested by the Noteholder at any time and from time to time, each such policy for liability insurance shall provide for all losses to be paid on behalf of the Noteholder and any Grantor as their respective interests may appear, and each policy for property damage insurance shall provide for all losses to be adjusted with, and paid directly to, the Noteholder. In addition to and without limiting the foregoing, to the extent requested by the Noteholder at any time and from time to time, each such policy shall in addition (A) name the Noteholder as an additional insured party and/or loss payee, as applicable, thereunder (without any representation or warranty by or obligation upon the Noteholder) as its interests may appear, (B) contain an agreement by the insurer that any loss thereunder shall be payable to the Noteholder on its own account notwithstanding any action, inaction or breach of representation or warranty by any Grantor, (C) provide that there shall be no recourse against the Noteholder for payment of premiums or other amounts with respect thereto, and (D) provide that at least 30 days’ prior written notice of cancellation, lapse, expiration or other adverse change shall be given to the Noteholder by the insurer. Any Grantor will, if so reasonably requested by the Noteholder, deliver to the Noteholder original or duplicate policies of such insurance (including certificates demonstrating compliance with this Section 6(e)) and, as often as the Noteholder may reasonably request, a report of a reputable insurance broker with respect to such insurance. Any Grantor will also, at the request of the Noteholder, execute and deliver instruments of assignment of such insurance policies and cause the respective insurers to acknowledge notice of such assignment.
(iii) Reimbursement under any liability insurance maintained by any Grantor pursuant to this Section 6(e) may be paid directly to the Person who shall have incurred liability covered by such insurance. In the case of any loss involving damage to Equipment or Inventory, to the extent paragraph (iv) of this Section 6(e) is not applicable, any proceeds of insurance involving such damage shall be paid to the Noteholder, and any Grantor will make or cause to be made the necessary repairs to or replacements of such Equipment or Inventory, and any proceeds of insurance maintained by any Grantor pursuant to this Section 6(e) (except as otherwise provided in paragraph (iv) in this Section 6I) shall be paid by the Noteholder to any Grantor as reimbursement for the reasonable costs of such repairs or replacements.
(iv) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in subsection 6(e)(iii) above, following and during the continuance of an Event of Default, all insurance payments in respect of each Grantor’s properties and business shall be paid to the Noteholder and applied as specified in Section 8(b) hereof.
(f) Provisions Concerning Name, Organization, Location, Accounts and Licenses.
(i) Each Grantor will (A) give the Noteholder at least thirty (30) days’ prior written notice of any change in such Grantor’s name, identity or organizational structure, (B) maintain its jurisdiction of incorporation, organization or formation as set forth in Schedule I hereto, (C) immediately notify the Noteholder upon obtaining an organizational identification number, if on the date hereof such Grantor did not have such identification number, and (D) keep adequate records concerning the Collateral and permit representatives of the Noteholder during normal business hours on reasonable notice to such Grantor, to inspect and make abstracts from such records.
(ii) Each Grantor will (except as otherwise provided in this subsection (f)), continue to collect, at its own expense, all amounts due or to become due under the Accounts. In connection with such collections, any Grantor may (and, at the Noteholder’s direction, will) take such action as any Grantor or the Noteholder may deem necessary or advisable to enforce collection or performance of the Accounts; provided, however, that the Noteholder shall have the right at any time following the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default to notify the Account Debtors or obligors under any Accounts of the assignment of such Accounts to the Noteholder and to direct such Account Debtors or obligors to make payment of all amounts due or to become due to any Grantor thereunder directly to the Noteholder or its designated agent and, upon such notification and at the expense of any Grantor and to the extent permitted by applicable law, to enforce collection of any such Accounts and to adjust, settle or compromise the amount or payment thereof, in the same manner and to the same extent as any Grantor might have done. After receipt by any Grantor of a notice from the Noteholder that the Noteholder has notified, intends to notify, or has enforced or intends to enforce any Grantor’s rights against the Account Debtors or obligors under any Accounts as referred to in the proviso to the immediately preceding sentence, (A) all amounts and proceeds (including, without limitation, Instruments) received by any Grantor in respect of the Accounts shall be received in trust for the benefit of the Noteholder , shall be segregated from other funds of any Grantor and shall be forthwith paid over to the Noteholder in the same form as so received (with any necessary endorsement) to be applied as specified in Section 8(b) hereof, and (B) no Grantor will adjust, settle or compromise the amount or payment of any Account or release wholly or partly any Account Debtor or obligor thereof or allow any credit or discount thereon. In addition, upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, the Noteholder may (in its sole and absolute discretion) direct any or all of the banks and financial institutions with which any Grantor either maintains a Deposit Account or a lockbox or deposits the proceeds of any Accounts to send immediately to the Noteholder by wire transfer (to such deposit account as the Noteholder shall specify, or in such other manner as the Noteholder shall direct) all or a portion of such Securities, cash, investments and other items held by such institution. Any such Securities, cash, investments and other items so received by the Noteholder shall be applied as specified in accordance with Section 8(b) hereof.
(iii) Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of any breach or default under any material License referred to in Schedule II hereto by any party thereto other than any Grantor, each Grantor party thereto will, promptly after obtaining knowledge thereof, give the Noteholder written notice of the nature and duration thereof, specifying what action, if any, it has taken and proposes to take with respect thereto and thereafter will take reasonable steps to protect and preserve its rights and remedies in respect of such breach or default, or will obtain or acquire an appropriate substitute License.
(iv) Each Grantor will, at its expense, promptly deliver to the Noteholder a copy of each notice or other communication received by it by which any other party to any material License referred to in Schedule II hereto (A) declares a breach or default by a grantor of any material term thereunder, or (B) terminates such License, together with a copy of any reply by such Grantor thereto.
(v) Each Grantor will duly perform and observe in all respects all of its obligations under each material License and will take all action reasonably necessary or reasonable to maintain such Licenses in full force and effect, except where such Grantor determines, in its commercially reasonable judgment, that such action would be detrimental to its business. No Grantor will, without the prior written consent of the Noteholder (in its reasonable discretion), cancel, terminate, amend or otherwise modify in any respect, or waive any provision of, any material License referred to in Schedule II hereto.
(g) Transfers and Other Liens.
(i) Except as otherwise expressly permitted herein or in any other Transaction Documents, no Grantor shall, directly or indirectly, sell, lease, license, assign, transfer, spin-off, split-off, close, convey or otherwise dispose of any Collateral whether in a single transaction or a series of related transactions, other than (A) sales, leases, licenses, assignments, transfers, conveyances and other dispositions of such assets or rights by such Grantor for fair value in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practices and (B) sales of Inventory and product in the ordinary course of business.
(ii) Except as permitted under of the Note, no Grantor shall, directly or indirectly, redeem, repurchase or declare or pay any cash dividend or distribution on any of its Capital Stock.
(iii) No Grantor shall, directly or indirectly, without the prior written consent of the Noteholder , (A) issue any Promissory Notes (other than as contemplated by the Note) or (B) issue any other Securities that would cause a breach or default under the Note.
(iv) No Grantor shall enter into, renew, extend or be a party to, any transaction or series of related transactions (including, without limitation, the purchase, sale, lease, transfer or exchange of property or assets of any kind or the rendering of services of any kind) with any Affiliate, except in the ordinary course of business in a manner and to an extent consistent with past practice and necessary or desirable for the prudent operation of its business, for fair consideration and on terms no less favorable to it than would be obtainable in a comparable arm’s length transaction with a Person that is not an Affiliate thereof.
(v) No Grantor will create, suffer to exist or grant any Lien upon or with respect to any Collateral other than a Permitted Lien.
(h) Intellectual Property.
(i) If applicable, each Grantor shall duly execute and deliver the applicable Intellectual Property Security Agreement. Each Grantor (either itself or through licensees) will, and will cause each licensee thereof to, take all action necessary to maintain all of the Intellectual Property in full force and effect, including, without limitation, the Trademarks on each applicable trademark class of goods in order to so maintain the Trademarks in full force and no Grantor will (nor permit any licensee thereof to) do any act or knowingly omit to do any act whereby any Intellectual Property may become abandoned, cancelled or invalidated; provided, however, notwithstanding the foregoing, no Grantor shall have an obligation to use or to maintain any Intellectual Property (A) that relates solely to any product or work, that is no longer necessary or material and has been, or is in the process of being, discontinued, abandoned or terminated in the ordinary course of business or consistent with the exercise of reasonable business judgment, (B) that is being replaced with Intellectual Property substantially similar to the Intellectual Property that may be abandoned or otherwise become invalid, so long as the failure to use or maintain such Intellectual Property does not materially adversely affect the validity of such replacement Intellectual Property and so long as such replacement Intellectual Property is subject to the Lien created by this Agreement or (C) that is substantially the same as other Intellectual Property that is in full force, so long the failure to use or maintain such Intellectual Property does not materially adversely affect the validity of such replacement Intellectual Property and so long as such other Intellectual Property is subject to the Lien and security interest created by this Agreement. Each Grantor will cause to be taken all necessary steps in the United States Patent and Trademark Office and the United States Copyright Office or any similar office or agency in any other country or political subdivision thereof to maintain each registration of the Intellectual Property and application for registration of Intellectual Property (other than the Intellectual Property described in the proviso to the immediately preceding sentence), including, without limitation, filing of renewals, affidavits of use, affidavits of incontestability and opposition, interference and cancellation proceedings and payment of maintenance fees, filing fees, taxes or other governmental charges or fees. If any Intellectual Property (other than Intellectual Property described in the proviso to the second sentence of subsection (i) of this clause (h)) is infringed, misappropriated, diluted or otherwise violated in any material respect by a third party, each Grantor shall (x) upon obtaining knowledge of such infringement, misappropriation, dilution or other violation, promptly notify the Noteholder and (y) to the extent the Grantors shall deem appropriate under the circumstances, promptly sue for infringement, misappropriation, dilution or other violation, seek injunctive relief where appropriate and recover any and all damages for such infringement, misappropriation, dilution or other violation, where appropriate, or take such other actions as such Grantor shall deem appropriate under the circumstances to protect such Intellectual Property. Each Grantor shall furnish to the Noteholder from time to time upon its request statements and schedules further identifying and describing the Intellectual Property and material Licenses and such other reports in connection with the Intellectual Property and material Licenses as the Noteholder may reasonably request, all in reasonable detail and promptly upon request of the Noteholder, following receipt by the Noteholder of any such statements, schedules or reports, each Grantor shall modify this Agreement by amending Schedule II hereto, as the case may be, to include any Intellectual Property and material License, as the case may be, which is or hereafter becomes part of the Collateral under this Agreement and shall execute and authenticate such documents and do such acts as shall be necessary or, in the reasonable judgment of the Noteholder, desirable to subject such Intellectual Property and Licenses to the Lien and security interest created by this Agreement. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, no Grantor may abandon, surrender or cancel or otherwise permit any Intellectual Property to become abandoned, surrendered, cancelled or invalid without the prior written consent of the Noteholder (in its sole and absolute discretion), and if any Intellectual Property is infringed, misappropriated, diluted or otherwise violated in any material respect by a third party, each Grantor will take such reasonable action as the Noteholder shall deem appropriate, in its reasonable judgment, under the circumstances to protect such Intellectual Property.
(ii) In the event any Grantor shall, either itself or through any agent, employee, licensee or designee, file an application for the registration of any Patent, Trademark or Copyright or the United States Copyright Office or the United States Patent and Trademark Office, as applicable, or in any similar office or agency of the United States or any country or any political subdivision thereof, such Grantor shall provide the Noteholder prompt notice thereof in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. Upon request of the Noteholder, any Grantor shall execute, authenticate and deliver any and all assignments, agreements, instruments, documents and papers as the Noteholder may reasonably request to evidence the Noteholder’s security interest hereunder in such Intellectual Property and the General Intangibles of any Grantor relating thereto or represented thereby, and each Grantor hereby appoints the Noteholder its attorney-in-fact to execute and/or authenticate and file all such writings for the foregoing purposes, all acts of such attorney being hereby ratified and confirmed, and such power (being coupled with an interest) shall be irrevocable until all Obligations are fully performed and Paid in Full.
(i) Titled Equipment.
(i) Upon the Noteholder’s written request, each Grantor shall deliver to the Noteholder originals of the certificates of title or ownership for each equipment with a value in excess of $10,000 owned by it (“Titled Equipment”), with the Noteholder listed as lienholder, for the ratable benefit of the Noteholder.
(ii) Each Grantor hereby appoints the Noteholder as its attorney-in-fact, effective the date hereof and terminating upon the termination of this Agreement, for the purpose of (A) executing on behalf of such Grantor title or ownership applications for filing with appropriate Governmental Authorities to enable Titled Equipment now owned or hereafter acquired by such Grantor to be retitled and the Noteholder listed as lienholder thereof, (B) filing such applications with such Governmental Authorities, and (C) executing such other agreements, documents and instruments on behalf of, and taking such other action in the name of, such Grantor as the Noteholder may deem necessary or advisable to accomplish the purposes hereof (including, without limitation, for the purpose of creating in favor of the Noteholder a perfected Lien on the Titled Equipment and exercising the rights and remedies of the Noteholder hereunder). This appointment as attorney-in-fact is coupled with an interest and is irrevocable until all of the Obligations are fully performed and Paid in Full.
(iii) Any certificates of title or ownership delivered pursuant to the terms hereof shall be accompanied by accurate odometer statements for each Titled Equipment covered thereby.
(iv) So long as no Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, upon the request of any Grantor, the Noteholder shall execute and deliver to any Grantor such instruments as such Grantor shall reasonably request to remove the notation of the Noteholder as lienholder on any certificate of title for any Titled Equipment; provided, however, that any such instruments shall be delivered, and the release effective, only upon receipt by the Noteholder of a certificate from any Grantor stating that such Titled Equipment is to be sold or has suffered a casualty loss (with title thereto in such case passing to the casualty insurance company therefor in settlement of the claim for such loss) and the amount that any Grantor will receive as sale proceeds or insurance proceeds. Any proceeds of such sale or casualty loss shall be paid to the Noteholder hereunder immediately upon receipt, to be applied to the Obligations then outstanding, to the extent required under the Transaction Documents.
(j) Control. Each Grantor hereby agrees to take any or all action that may be necessary or that the Noteholder may reasonably request in order for the Noteholder to obtain Control with respect to the following Collateral: (i) Electronic Chattel Paper, (ii) Investment Property, and (iii) Letter-of-Credit Rights.
(k) Inspection and Reporting. Each Grantor shall permit the Noteholder, or any agent or representatives thereof or such attorneys, accountant or other professionals or other Persons as the Noteholder may designate (at Grantors’ sole cost and expense) at any reasonable time, provided that the Noteholder provides two (2) Business Days’ notice, to (i) to examine and make copies of and abstracts from any Grantor’s Records and books of account, provided that the Noteholder provide such Grantor (ii) to visit and inspect its properties, (iii) to verify materials, leases, Instruments, Accounts, Inventory and other assets of any Grantor from time to time, and (iv) to conduct audits, physical counts, appraisals, valuations and/or examinations at the locations of any Grantor, provided that, so long as no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, such examinations shall only occur once per calendar year.
(l) Future Subsidiaries. If any Grantor hereafter creates or acquires any Subsidiary, simultaneously with the creation or acquisition of such Subsidiary, such Grantor shall (i) if such Subsidiary is a Domestic Subsidiary, cause such Subsidiary to become a party to this Agreement as an additional “Grantor” hereunder, (ii) deliver to the Noteholder updated Schedules to this Agreement, as appropriate (including, without limitation, an updated Schedule IV to reflect the grant by such Grantor of a Lien on and security interest in all Pledged Debt and Pledged Equity now or hereafter owned by such Grantor), (iii) if such Subsidiary is a Domestic Subsidiary, cause such Subsidiary to duly execute and deliver a guaranty of the Obligations in favor of the Noteholder in form and substance acceptable to the Noteholder, (iv) deliver to the Noteholder the stock certificates representing all of the Capital Stock of such Subsidiary, along with undated stock powers for each such certificates, executed in blank, if applicable (or, if any such shares of Capital Stock are uncertificated, confirmation and evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Noteholder that the security interest in such uncertificated securities has been transferred to and perfected by the Noteholder, in accordance with Sections 8-313, 8-321 and 9-115 of the Code or any other similar or local or foreign law that may be applicable), and (v) if such Subsidiary is a Foreign Subsidiary, cause such Subsidiary to take such actions as may be reasonably requested by the Noteholder (which may include executing and delivering guaranties, security agreements and other agreements or instruments reasonably requested by the Noteholder); provided, however, that no Grantor shall be required to pledge any Excluded Collateral. Each Grantor hereby authorizes the Noteholder to attach such updated Schedules to this Agreement and agrees that all Pledged Equity and Pledged Debt listed on any updated Schedule delivered to the Noteholder shall for all purposes hereunder be considered Collateral.
SECTION 6.Additional Provisions Concerning the Collateral.
(a) To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, and for the purpose of taking any action that the Noteholder may reasonably deem necessary or advisable to accomplish the purposes of this Agreement, each Grantor hereby (i) authorizes the Noteholder to execute any such agreements, instruments or other documents in such Grantor’s name and to file such agreements, instruments or other documents in such Grantor’s name and in any appropriate filing office, (ii) authorizes the Noteholder at any time and from time to time to file, one or more financing or continuation statements, and amendments thereto, relating to the Collateral (including, without limitation, any such financing statements that (A) describe the Collateral as “all assets” or “all personal property” (or words of similar effect) or that describe or identify the Collateral by type or in any other manner as the Noteholder may determine regardless of whether any particular asset of such Grantor falls within the scope of Article 9 of the Code or whether any particular asset of such Grantor constitutes part of the Collateral, and (B) contain any other information required by Part 5 of Article 9 of the Code for the sufficiency or filing office acceptance of any financing statement, continuation statement or amendment, including, without limitation, whether such Grantor is an organization, the type of organization and any organizational identification number issued to such Grantor) and (iii) ratifies such authorization to the extent that the Noteholder has filed any such financing or continuation statements, or amendments thereto, prior to the date hereof. A photocopy or other reproduction of this Agreement or any financing statement covering the Collateral or any part thereof shall be sufficient as a financing statement where permitted by law.
(b) Each Grantor hereby irrevocably appoints the Noteholder as its attorney-in-fact and proxy, with full authority in the place and stead of such Grantor and in the name of such Grantor or otherwise, from time to time in the Noteholder’s discretion, to take any action and to execute any instrument which the Noteholder may deem necessary or advisable to accomplish the purposes of this Agreement, including, without limitation, upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default (i) to obtain and adjust insurance required to be paid to the Noteholder pursuant to Section 6(e) hereof, (ii) to ask, demand, collect, sue for, recover, compound, receive and give acquittance and receipts for moneys due and to become due under or in respect of any Collateral, (iii) to receive, endorse, and collect any drafts or other Instruments, Documents and Chattel Paper in connection with clause (i) or (ii) above, (iv) to file any claims or take any action or institute any action, suit or proceedings which the Noteholder may deem necessary or desirable for the collection of any Collateral or otherwise to enforce the rights of the Noteholder with respect to any Collateral, (v) to execute assignments, licenses and other documents to enforce the rights of the Noteholder with respect to any Collateral, and (vi) to verify any and all information with respect to any and all Accounts. This power is coupled with an interest and is irrevocable until all of the Obligations are fully performed and Paid in Full.
(c) For the purpose of enabling the Noteholder to exercise rights and remedies hereunder, at such time as the Noteholder shall be lawfully entitled to exercise such rights and remedies, and for no other purpose, each Grantor hereby grants to the Noteholder, to the extent assignable, an irrevocable, non-exclusive license (exercisable without payment of royalty or other compensation to any Grantor) to use, assign, license or sublicense any Intellectual Property in which such Grantor now or hereafter has any right, title or interest, wherever the same may be located, including, without limitation, in such license reasonable access to all media in which any of the licensed items may be recorded or stored and to all computer programs used for the compilation or printout thereof, except to the extent that any such license would be prohibited under the terms of a pre-existing License. Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, but subject to the provisions of the Note that limit the right of any Grantor to dispose of its property, and Section 6(g) and Section 6(h) hereof, so long as no Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, any Grantor may exploit, use, enjoy, protect, license, sublicense, assign, sell, dispose of or take other actions with respect to the Intellectual Property in the ordinary course of its business and as otherwise expressly permitted by any of the other Transaction Documents. In furtherance of the foregoing, unless an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, the Noteholder shall from time to time, upon the request of any Grantor, execute and deliver any instruments, certificates or other documents, in the form so reasonably requested, which such Grantor shall have certified are appropriate (in such Grantor’s judgment) to allow it to take any action permitted above (including relinquishment of the license provided pursuant to this clause I as to any Intellectual Property). Further, upon the full performance and Payment in Full of all of the Obligations, the Noteholder (subject to Section 11I hereof) shall release and reassign to any Grantor all of the Noteholder’s right, title and interest in and to the Intellectual Property, and the Licenses. The exercise of rights and remedies hereunder by the Noteholder shall not terminate the rights of the holders of any licenses or sublicenses theretofore granted by each Grantor in accordance with the second sentence of this clause I. Each Grantor hereby releases the Noteholder from any claims, causes of action and demands at any time arising out of or with respect to any actions taken or omitted to be taken by the Noteholder under the powers of attorney granted herein other than actions taken or omitted to be taken through the Noteholder’s gross negligence or willful misconduct, as determined by a final judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction no longer subject to appeal.
(d) If any Grantor fails to perform any agreement or obligation contained herein, the Noteholder may itself perform, or cause performance of, such agreement or obligation, in the name of such Grantor or the Noteholder, and the expenses of the Noteholder incurred in connection therewith shall be payable by such Grantor pursuant to Section 9 hereof and such obligation shall be secured by the Collateral.
(e) The powers conferred on the Noteholder hereunder are solely to protect its interest in the Collateral and shall not impose any duty upon it to exercise any such powers. Other than the exercise of reasonable care to assure the safe custody of any Collateral in its possession and the accounting for moneys actually received by it hereunder, the Noteholder shall have no duty as to any Collateral or as to the taking of any necessary steps to preserve rights against prior parties or any other rights pertaining to any Collateral.
(f) Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding (i) each Grantor shall remain liable under the Licenses and otherwise with respect to any of the Collateral to the extent set forth therein to perform all of its obligations thereunder to the same extent as if this Agreement had not been executed, (ii) the exercise by the Noteholder of any of its rights or remedies hereunder shall not release any Grantor from any of its obligations under the Licenses or otherwise in respect of the Collateral, and (iii) the Noteholder shall not have any obligation or liability by reason of this Agreement under the Licenses or with respect to any of the other Collateral, nor shall the Noteholder be obligated to perform any of the obligations or duties of any Grantor thereunder or to take any action to collect or enforce any claim for payment assigned hereunder.
(g) As long as no Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing and, other than in the case of a Bankruptcy Event of Default, until written notice shall be given to the applicable Grantor:
(i) Each Grantor shall have the right, from time to time, to vote and give consents with respect to the Pledged Equity, or any part thereof for all purposes not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement, the Note, or any other Transaction Document.:
(h) (A) (i) Each Grantor shall be entitled, from time to time, to collect and receive for its own use all cash dividends and interest paid in respect of the Pledged Equity to the extent not in violation of the Note or any other Transaction Document other than any and all: (A) dividends and interest paid or payable other than in cash in respect of any Pledged Equity, and instruments and other property received, receivable or otherwise distributed in respect of, or in exchange for, any Pledged Equity; (B) dividends and other distributions paid or payable in cash in respect of any Pledged Equity in connection with a partial or total liquidation or dissolution or in connection with a reduction of capital, capital surplus or paid-in capital of a Pledged Entity; and (C) cash paid, payable or otherwise distributed, in respect of principal of, or in redemption of, or in exchange for, any Pledged Equity; provided, however, that until actually paid all rights to such distributions shall remain subject to the Lien created by this Agreement; and (ii) all dividends and interest (other than such cash dividends and interest as are permitted to be paid to any Grantor in accordance with clause (i) above) and all other distributions in respect of any of the Pledged Equity, whenever paid or made, shall be delivered to the Noteholder to hold as Pledged Equity and shall, if received by any Grantor, be received in trust for the benefit of the Noteholder be segregated from the other property or funds of such Grantor, and be forthwith delivered to the Noteholder as Pledged Equity in the same form as so received (with any necessary endorsement).
SECTION 7.Remedies Upon Event of Default; Application of Proceeds. If any Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing:
(a) The Noteholder may exercise in respect of the Collateral, in addition to any other rights and remedies provided for herein, in any other Transaction Document or otherwise available to it, all of the rights and remedies of a secured party upon default under the Code (whether or not the Code applies to the affected Collateral), and also may (i) take absolute control of the Collateral, including, without limitation, transfer into the Noteholder’s name or into the name of its nominee or nominees (to the extent the Noteholder has not theretofore done so) and thereafter receive, for the ratable benefit of itself and in its capacity as Noteholder, all payments made thereon, give all consents, waivers and ratifications in respect thereof and otherwise act with respect thereto as though it were the outright owner thereof, (ii) require each Grantor to, and each Grantor hereby agrees that it will at its expense and upon request of the Noteholder forthwith, assemble all or part of its respective Collateral as directed by the Noteholder and make it available to the Noteholder at a place or places to be designated by the Noteholder that is reasonably convenient to both parties, and the Noteholder may enter into and occupy any premises owned or leased by any Grantor where the Collateral or any part thereof is located or assembled for a reasonable period in order to effectuate the Noteholder’s rights and remedies hereunder or under law, without obligation to any Grantor in respect of such occupation, and (iii) without notice except as specified below and without any obligation to prepare or process the Collateral for sale, (A) sell the Collateral or any part thereof in one or more parcels at public or private sale (including, without limitation, by credit bid), at any of the Noteholder’s offices or elsewhere, for cash, on credit or for future delivery, and at such price or prices and upon such other terms as the Noteholder may deem commercially reasonable and/or (B) lease, license or dispose of the Collateral or any part thereof upon such terms as the Noteholder may deem commercially reasonable. Each Grantor agrees that, to the extent notice of sale or any other disposition of its respective Collateral shall be required by law, at least ten (10) days’ notice to any Grantor of the time and place of any public sale or the time after which any private sale or other disposition of its respective Collateral is to be made shall constitute reasonable notification. The Noteholder shall not be obligated to make any sale or other disposition of any Collateral regardless of notice of sale having been given. The Noteholder may adjourn any public or private sale from time to time by announcement at the time and place fixed therefor, and such sale may, without further notice, be made at the time and place to which it was so adjourned. Each Grantor hereby waives any claims against the Noteholder arising by reason of the fact that the price at which its respective Collateral may have been sold at a private sale was less than the price which might have been obtained at a public sale or was less than the aggregate amount of the Obligations, even if the Noteholder accepts the first offer received and does not offer such Collateral to more than one offeree, and waives all rights that any Grantor may have to require that all or any part of such Collateral be marshaled upon any sale (public or private) thereof. Each Grantor hereby acknowledges that (i) any such sale of its respective Collateral by the Noteholder shall be made without warranty, (ii) the Noteholder may specifically disclaim any warranties of title, possession, quiet enjoyment or the like, and (iii) such actions set forth in clauses (i) and (ii) above shall not adversely affect the commercial reasonableness of any such sale of Collateral. In addition to the foregoing, (1) upon written notice to any Grantor from the Noteholder after and during the continuance of an Event of Default, such Grantor shall cease any use of the Intellectual Property or any trademark, patent or copyright similar thereto for any purpose described in such notice; (2) the Noteholder may, at any time and from time to time after and during the continuance of an Event of Default, upon 10 days’ prior notice to such Grantor, license, whether general, special or otherwise, and whether on an exclusive or non-exclusive basis, any of the Intellectual Property, throughout the universe for such term or terms, on such conditions, and in such manner, as the Noteholder shall in its sole discretion determine; and (3) the Noteholder may, at any time, pursuant to the authority granted in Section 7 hereof or otherwise (such authority being effective upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default), execute and deliver on behalf of such Grantor, one or more instruments of assignment of the Intellectual Property (or any application or registration thereof), in form suitable for filing, recording or registration in any country.
(b) Any cash held by the Noteholder as Collateral and all Cash Proceeds received by the Noteholder in respect of any sale or disposition of or collection from, or other realization upon, all or any part of the Collateral shall be applied as follows (subject to the provisions of the Note): first, to pay any fees, indemnities or expense reimbursements then due to the Noteholder (including, without limitation, those described in Section 9 hereof); second, to pay any fees, indemnities or expense reimbursements then due to the Noteholder (in its capacity as Noteholder), on a pro rata basis; third to pay interest due under the Note owing to the Noteholder (in its capacity as Noteholder), on a pro rata basis; fourth, to pay or prepay principal in respect of the Note, whether or not then due, owing to the Noteholder (in its capacity as Noteholder) on a pro rata basis; fifth, to pay or prepay any other Obligations, whether or not then due, in such order and manner as the Noteholder shall elect, consistent with the provisions of the Note. Any surplus of such cash or Cash Proceeds held by the Noteholder and remaining after the full performance and Payment in Full of all of the Obligations shall be paid over to whomsoever shall be lawfully entitled to receive the same or as a court of competent jurisdiction shall direct.
(c) In the event that the proceeds of any such sale, disposition, collection or realization are insufficient to pay all amounts to which the Noteholder are legally entitled, each Grantor shall be, jointly and severally, liable for the deficiency, together with interest thereon at the highest rate specified in the Note for interest on overdue principal thereof or such other rate as shall be fixed by applicable law, together with the costs of collection and the reasonable fees, costs, expenses and other charges of any attorneys employed by the Noteholder to collect such deficiency.
(d) To the extent that applicable law imposes duties on the Noteholder to exercise rights and remedies in a commercially reasonable manner, each Grantor acknowledges and agrees that it is commercially reasonable for the Noteholder (i) to fail to incur expenses deemed significant by the Noteholder to prepare Collateral for disposition or otherwise to transform raw material or work in process into finished goods or other finished products for disposition, (ii) to fail to obtain third party consents for access to Collateral to be disposed of, or to obtain or, if not required by other law, to fail to obtain governmental or third party consents for the collection or disposition of Collateral to be collected or disposed of, (iii) to fail to exercise collection remedies against Account Debtors or other Persons obligated on Collateral or to remove Liens on or any adverse claims against Collateral, (iv) to exercise collection remedies against Account Debtors and other Persons obligated on Collateral directly or through the use of collection agencies and other collection specialists, (v) to advertise dispositions of Collateral through publications or media of general circulation, whether or not the Collateral is of a specialized nature, (vi) to contact other Persons, whether or not in the same business as any Grantor, for expressions of interest in acquiring all or any portion of such Collateral, (vii) to hire one or more professional auctioneers to assist in the disposition of Collateral, whether or not the Collateral is of a specialized nature, (viii) to dispose of Collateral by utilizing internet sites that provide for the auction of assets of the types included in the Collateral or that have the reasonable capacity of doing so, or that match buyers and sellers of assets, (ix) to dispose of assets in wholesale rather than retail markets, (x) to disclaim disposition warranties, such as title, possession or quiet enjoyment, (xi) to purchase insurance or credit enhancements to insure the Noteholder against risks of loss, collection or disposition of Collateral or to provide to the Noteholder a guaranteed return from the collection or disposition of Collateral, or (xii) to the extent deemed appropriate by the Noteholder, to obtain the services of brokers, investment bankers, consultants, attorneys and other professionals to assist the Noteholder in the collection or disposition of any of the Collateral. Each Grantor acknowledges that the purpose of this section is to provide non-exhaustive indications of what actions or omissions by the Noteholder would be commercially reasonable in the Noteholder’s exercise of rights and remedies against the Collateral and that other actions or omissions by the Noteholder shall not be deemed commercially unreasonable solely on account of not being indicated in this section. Without limitation of the foregoing, nothing contained in this section shall be construed to grant any rights to any Grantor or to impose any duties on the Noteholder that would not have been granted or imposed by this Agreement or by applicable law in the absence of this section.
(e) The Noteholder shall not be required to marshal any present or future collateral security (including, but not limited to, this Agreement and the Collateral) for, or other assurances of payment of, the Obligations or any of them or to resort to such collateral security or other assurances of payment in any particular order, and all of the Noteholder’s rights and remedies hereunder and in respect of such collateral security and other assurances of payment shall be cumulative and in addition to all other rights and remedies, however existing or arising. To the extent that any Grantor lawfully may, each Grantor hereby agrees that it will not invoke any law relating to the marshaling of collateral which might cause delay in or impede the enforcement of the Noteholder’s rights and remedies under this Agreement or under any other instrument creating or evidencing any of the Obligations or under which any of the Obligations is outstanding or by which any of the Obligations is secured or payment thereof is otherwise assured, and, to the extent that it lawfully may, each Grantor hereby irrevocably waives the benefits of all such laws.
SECTION 8.Indemnity and Expenses.
(a) Each Grantor agrees, jointly and severally, to defend, protect, indemnify and hold the Noteholder harmless from and against any and all claims, damages, losses, liabilities, obligations, penalties, fees, costs and expenses (including, without limitation, reasonable legal fees, costs, expenses, and disbursements of such Person’s counsel) to the extent that they arise out of or otherwise result from this Agreement (including, without limitation, enforcement of this Agreement), except to the extent resulting from such Person’s gross negligence or willful misconduct, as determined by a final judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction no longer subject to appeal.
(b) Each Grantor agrees, jointly and severally, to pay to the Noteholder upon demand the amount of any and all costs and expenses, including the reasonable fees, costs, expenses and disbursements of counsel for the Noteholder and any agents (including, without limitation, any collateral trustee which may act as agent of the Noteholder), which the Noteholder may incur in connection with (i) the preparation, negotiation, execution, delivery, recordation, administration, amendment, waiver or other modification or termination of this Agreement or any other Transaction Documents, (ii) the custody, preservation, use or operation of, or the sale of, collection from, or other realization upon, any Collateral (including but not limited to taxes, assessments, insurance premiums, custody fees, repairs, rent, storage costs and expenses of sales and any costs to perfect the security interest of the Noteholder), (iii) the exercise or enforcement of any of the rights or remedies of the Noteholder hereunder or under any other Transaction Document, or (iv) the failure by any Grantor to perform or observe any of the provisions hereof or any other Transaction Document (collectively, “Collateral Costs”). Without waiving such Grantor’s Event of Default (if any) for failure to make any such payment, the Noteholder, following any such failure, at its option may pay any such Collateral Costs, and discharge encumbrances on the Collateral (other than Permitted Liens), and such Collateral Costs payments shall be a part of the Obligations and bear interest at the rate set out in the Note.
SECTION 9.Notices, Etc. All notices and other communications provided for hereunder shall be in writing and shall be mailed (by certified mail, first-class postage prepaid and return receipt requested), telecopied, e-mailed or delivered, (a) if to any Grantor, to the Company’s address, email address and/or facsimile number as set forth in Section 12.1 of the Note, (b) if to the Noteholder, to it at its respective address, email address and/or facsimile number as set forth in Section 12.1 of the Note; or as to any such Person, at such other address as shall be designated by such Person in a written notice to all other parties hereto complying as to delivery with the terms of this Section 10. All such notices and other communications shall be effective (a) if sent by certified mail, return receipt requested, when received or five (5) Business Days after deposited in the mails, whichever occurs first, (b) if telecopied or e-mailed, when transmitted (during normal business hours) and confirmation is received, and otherwise, the day after the notice or communication was transmitted and confirmation is received, or (c) if delivered in person, upon delivery. For the avoidance of doubt, all Foreign Subsidiaries, as Grantors, hereby appoint the Company as its agent for receipt of service of process and all notices and other communications in the United States at the address specified below.
SECTION 10.Miscellaneous.
(a) No amendment of any provision of this Agreement shall be effective unless it is in writing and signed by each Grantor and the Noteholder, and no waiver of any provision of this Agreement, and no consent to any departure by each Grantor therefrom, shall be effective unless it is in writing and signed by each Grantor and the Noteholder, and then such waiver or consent shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the specific purpose for which given. No amendment, modification or waiver of this Agreement shall be effective to the extent that it (1) applies to fewer than all of the holders of Note or (2) imposes any obligation or liability on any holder of Note without such holder’s prior written consent (which may be granted or withheld in such holder’s sole and absolute discretion).
(b) No failure on the part of the Noteholder to exercise, and no delay in exercising, any right or remedy hereunder or under any of the other Transaction Documents shall operate as a waiver thereof; nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such right or remedy preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right or remedy. The rights and remedies of the Noteholder provided herein and in the other Transaction Documents are cumulative and are in addition to, and not exclusive of, any rights or remedies provided by law. The rights and remedies of the Noteholder under any of the other Transaction Documents against any party thereto are not conditional or contingent on any attempt by such Person to exercise any of its rights or remedies under any of the other Transaction Documents against such party or against any other Person, including but not limited to, any Grantor.
(c) Any provision of this Agreement that is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining portions hereof or thereof or affecting the validity or enforceability of such provision in any other jurisdiction.
(d) This Agreement shall create a continuing security interest in the Collateral and shall (i) remain in full force and effect until the full performance and Payment in Full of the Obligations, and (ii) be binding on each Grantor and all other Persons who become bound as debtor to this Agreement in accordance with Section 9-203(d) of the Code and shall inure, together with all rights and remedies of the Noteholder hereunder, to the ratable benefit of the Noteholder and its respective permitted successors, transferees and assigns. Without limiting the generality of clause (ii) of the immediately preceding sentence, without notice to any Grantor, the Noteholder may assign or otherwise transfer their rights and obligations under this Agreement and any of the other Transaction Documents, to any other Person and such other Person shall thereupon become vested with all of the benefits in respect thereof granted to the Noteholder herein or otherwise. Upon any such assignment or transfer, all references in this Agreement to the Noteholder or any such Noteholder shall mean the assignee of the Noteholder. None of the rights or obligations of any Grantor hereunder may be assigned, delegated or otherwise transferred without the prior written consent of the Noteholder, and any such assignment, delegation or transfer without such consent of the Noteholder shall be null and void.
(e) Upon the full performance and Payment in Full of the Obligations, (i) this Agreement and the security interests created hereby shall automatically terminate and all rights to the Collateral shall automatically revert to the respective Grantor that granted such security interests hereunder, and (ii) the Noteholder agrees to file UCC amendments on or promptly after the Noteholder will, upon any Grantor’s request and at such Grantor’s expense, (A) return to such Grantor such of the Collateral as shall not have been sold or otherwise disposed of or applied pursuant to the terms hereof and (B) promptly execute and deliver to such Grantor such documents as such Grantor shall reasonably request to evidence such termination. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Agreement and the security interests granted hereunder shall be reinstated if at any time any payment or delivery pursuant to the Note, in whole or in part, is rescinded or must otherwise be returned by the Noteholder under the application of the Bankruptcy Code or any other debtor law, all as though such payment or delivery had not been made.
(f) Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Jury Trial.
(i) All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Agreement shall be governed by the internal laws of the State of New York, without giving effect to any provision or rule of law (whether of the State of New York or any other jurisdictions) that would cause the application of the laws of any jurisdiction other than the State of New York.
(ii) Each Grantor hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in The City of New York, Borough of Manhattan, for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or under any of the other Transaction Documents or with any transaction contemplated hereby or thereby, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim, defense or objection that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum or that the venue of such suit, action or proceeding is improper. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof to such party at the address for such notices to it under Section 12.1 of the Note and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any manner permitted by law. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed or operate to preclude the Noteholder from bringing suit or taking other legal action against any Grantor in any other jurisdiction to collect on a Grantor’s obligations or to enforce a judgment or other court ruling in favor of the Noteholder.
(iii) WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL, ETC. EACH GRANTOR IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO, AND AGREES NOT TO REQUEST, A JURY TRIAL FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF ANY DISPUTE HEREUNDER OR UNDER ANY OTHER TRANSACTION DOCUMENT OR IN CONNECTION WITH OR ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT, ANY OTHER TRANSACTION DOCUMENT OR ANY TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY OR THEREBY.
(iv) Each Grantor irrevocably and unconditionally waives any right it may have to claim or recover in any legal action, suit or proceeding referred to in this Section any special, exemplary, indirect, incidental, punitive or consequential damages.
(g) Section headings herein are included for convenience of reference only and shall not constitute a part of this Agreement for any other purpose.
(h) This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts and by different parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, but all of which taken together constitute one and the same Agreement. Delivery of any executed counterpart of a signature page of this Agreement by pdf, facsimile or other electronic transmission shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Agreement.
SECTION 11.Material Non-Public Information. Upon receipt or delivery by any Grantor of any material notice in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, unless such Grantor has in good faith determined that the matters relating to such material notice do not constitute material, non-public information relating to the Grantor or any of its Subsidiaries, such Grantor shall within five (5) Business Day following such receipt or delivery, publicly disclose such material non-public information in a Current Report on Form 8-K (or by other appropriate public disclosure). Nothing contained in this Section 12 shall limit any obligations of any Grantor, or any rights or remedies of the Noteholder, under Section 11 of the Note.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each Grantor has caused this Agreement to be executed and delivered by its officer thereunto duly authorized, as of the date first above written.
| GRANTORS: | ||
| HOUSE OF DOGE, INC. | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
| DOGECOIN VENTURES, INC. | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
| THE OFFICIAL DOGECOIN TREASURY AND RESERVE INC. | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
| HOUSE OF DOGE CANADA INC. | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
| ACCEPTED BY: | |||
| BRAG HOUSE HOLDINGS, INC., as Noteholder | |||
| By: | |||
| Name: | Lavell Juan Malloy, II | ||
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | ||
[Signature Page to the Pledge and Security Agreement]
EXHIBIT A
FORM OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SECURITY AGREEMENT
(see attached)
Schedule A
Patents
Schedule B
Trademarks
Schedule C
Copyrights
SCHEDULE I
Legal Names; Organizational Identification
Numbers;
States or Jurisdiction of Organization
|
Grantor’s Name |
State / Country of Organization / Incorporation | Federal Employer I.D. |
Organizational I.D. |
SCHEDULE II
Intellectual Property
SCHEDULE III
Locations
|
Grantor’s Name |
Chief Executive Office | Chief Place of Business | Books and Records | Inventory, Equipment, Etc. |
SCHEDULE IV
Promissory Notes and Pledged Securities
Securities
Pledged Debt
Pledged Equity
| Pledged Equity | Holder | Ownership Percentage |
Certificate # |
SCHEDULE V
Financing Statements
|
Grantor |
Jurisdiction for Filing Financing Statement |
SCHEDULE VI
Commercial Tort Claims
SCHEDULE VII
Permitted Liens
Exhibit 10.6
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SECURITY AGREEMENT
This INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SECURITY AGREEMENT (“IP Security Agreement”), dated as of October 14, 2025, is made by House of Doge Inc., a Texas corporation (“Debtor”), in favor of Brag House Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Secured Party”).
| A. | Debtor issued to Secured Party a certain Secured Promissory Note dated the date hereof, as may be amended from time to time (the “Note”); |
| B. | In order to induce Secured Party to extend the credit evidenced by the Note, Debtor, together with each of the other Guarantors (as defined in the Security Agreement) has agreed to enter into that certain Security and Pledge Agreement of even date herewith by and between Debtor, the other Guarantors and Secured Party (the “Security Agreement”) and to grant Secured Party a security interest in certain “Collateral” as defined in the Security Agreement; and |
| C. | Under the terms of the Security Agreement, Debtor has granted to the Secured Party a security interest in, among other property, certain intellectual property of the Debtor, and has agreed to execute and deliver this IP Security Agreement for recording with governmental authorities, including, but not limited to, the United States Patent and Trademark Office. |
NOW, THEREFORE, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties agree as follows:
1. Grant of Security. Debtor hereby pledges and grants to Secured Party a security interest in and to all of the right, title, and interest of such Debtor in, to, and under the following (the “IP Collateral”):
(a) the patents and patent applications set forth on Schedule 1 hereto and all reissues, divisions, continuations, continuations-in-part, renewals, extensions, and reexaminations thereof, and amendments thereto;
(b) the trademark registrations and applications set forth on Schedule 1 hereto, together with the goodwill connected with the use thereof and symbolized thereby, and all extensions and renewals thereof, excluding only United States intent-to-use trademark applications to the extent that, and solely during the period in which, the grant, attachment, or enforcement of a security interest therein would, under applicable federal law, impair the registrability of such applications or the validity or enforceability of registrations issuing from such applications;
(c) all rights of any kind whatsoever of Debtor accruing under any of the foregoing provided by applicable law of any jurisdiction, by international treaties and conventions and otherwise throughout the world; (d) any and all royalties, fees, income, payments, and other proceeds now or hereafter due or payable with respect to any and all of the foregoing; and
(e) any and all claims and causes of action with respect to any of the foregoing, whether occurring before, on, or after the date hereof, including all rights to and claims for damages, restitution, and injunctive and other legal and equitable relief for past, present, and future infringement, dilution, misappropriation, violation, misuse, breach, or default, with the right but no obligation to sue for such legal and equitable relief and to collect, or otherwise recover, any such damages.
2. Recordation. Debtor authorizes the Commissioner for Patents and the Commissioner for Trademarks in the United States Patent and Trademark Office and the officials of corresponding entities or agencies in any applicable jurisdictions to record and register this IP Security Agreement upon request by the Secured Party.
3. Loan Documents. This IP Security Agreement has been entered into pursuant to and in conjunction with the Security Agreement, the Note, the Transaction Documents (as defined in the Note) and all other documents related thereto and entered into in connection therewith (the “Loan Documents”), which are hereby incorporated by reference. The provisions of the Loan Documents shall supersede and control over any conflicting or inconsistent provision herein. The rights and remedies of the Secured Party with respect to the IP Collateral are as provided by the Loan Documents and nothing in this IP Security Agreement shall be deemed to limit such rights and remedies.
4. General Representations and Warranties. In addition to those representations and warranties made in the Security Agreement, Debtor hereby represents and warrants to Secured Party that:
(a) Debtor owns, has independently developed, and has the valid right to encumber use, possess, develop, sell, license, copy, distribute, market, advertise and/or dispose of all IP Collateral.
(b) To the best of Debtor’s knowledge, the IP Collateral does not infringe, whether indirectly (e.g., contributorily or by induced infringement) or directly, upon any copyright, trademark, trade dress, trade secret or patent or other proprietary or intellectual property right of any third party in the United States, and that no third party in the United States has made any infringement or misappropriation claims against Debtor regarding the IP Collateral.
(c) The IP Collateral is free and clear of any liens or other encumbrances, except for Permitted Liens.
(d) All applications and registrations related to the IP Collateral are valid, enforceable, subsisting, and have not expired, been revoked or cancelled for failure to prosecute, and all issuance, renewal, maintenance and other payments that are or have become due with respect thereto have been timely paid by or on behalf of the Debtor.
(e) Debtor has not assigned any right, title or interest in the IP Collateral to any third party.
(f) To the best of Debor’s knowledge, there is no pending or threatened claim or litigation contesting the validity or ownership of the IP Collateral; there is no legitimate basis for any such claim, nor has Debtor received any notice asserting that any IP Collateral or the proposed encumbrance, use, sale, license or disposition thereof conflicts or shall conflict with the rights of any other party, nor is there any legitimate basis for any such assertion.
(g) Debtor represents and warrants to Secured Party that Schedule 1 attached hereto is a true, complete and accurate list, in all material respects, of all issued patents and trademarks owned by Debtor.
5. Execution in Counterparts. This IP Security Agreement may be executed in two (2) or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. Counterparts may be delivered via facsimile, electronic mail (including pdf or any electronic signature complying with the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, e.g., www.docusign.com) or other transmission method and any counterpart so delivered shall be deemed to have been duly and validly delivered and be valid and effective for all purposes.
6. Successors and Assigns. This IP Security Agreement will be binding on and shall inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns. This IP Security Agreement may be assigned by Secured Party to its affiliates that are permitted assignees of the Note, upon prior written notice to Debtor, without the need to obtain Debtor’s consent thereto, provided that any such assignee agrees in writing to by bound by the terms of all Transaction Documents as though an original party thereto. Except as set forth above, neither Secured Party nor Debtor may assign its rights or obligations under this IP Security Agreement or delegate its duties hereunder, whether directly or indirectly, without the prior written consent of the other party, and any such attempted assignment or delegation shall be null and void.
7. Governing Law; Arbitration. This IP Security Agreement and any claim, controversy, dispute, or cause of action (whether in contract or tort or otherwise) based upon, arising out of, or relating to this IP Security Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the United States and the State of New York, without giving effect to any choice or conflict of law provision or rule (whether of the State of New York or any other jurisdiction).
[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Debtor has caused this IP Security Agreement to be duly executed and delivered by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above written.
| HOUSE OF DOGE INC. | ||
| By: | ||
| Marco Margiotta, CEO | ||
| Address for Notices: | |
| [ADDRESS] | |
AGREED TO AND ACCEPTED:
| BRAG HOUSE HOLDINGS, INC. | ||
| By: | ||
| Lavell Juan Malloy, II, CEO | ||
| Address for Notices: | |
| 45 Park Street | |
| Montclair, New Jersey 070412 |
[Signature Page to Intellectual Property Security Agreement]
SCHEDULE 1
IP
Patents – None.
TRADEMARKS1 –
| Trademark | Registration or Reference Number | Jurisdiction | Filing Date | Date of Registration |
| HOUSE OF DOGE | 2405702 | Canada | June 17, 2025 | Pending |
| HOUSE OF DOGE | 99138405 | United States | April 15, 2025 | Pending |
Unregistered Marks –
SuchApp
| 1 | In addition to the above trademarks, House of Doge also has a trademark license through the Amended and Restated Trademark License Agreement with the Dogecoin Foundation, Inc. and MadeUpNumbers Ltd. dated January 31, 2025, as amended, whereby the Dogecoin Foundation has licensed its trademarks to the Company for commercial use and related purposes. |



Exhibit 10.7
GUARANTY
GUARANTY (the “Guaranty”), dated as of October 14, 2025, by DOGECOIN VENTURES INC., a Texas corporation, THE OFFICIAL DOGECOIN TREASURY AND RESERVE INC., aTexas corporation, and HOUSE OF DOGE CANADA INC., a corporation organized pursuant to the federal laws of Canada (the “Guarantors”), in favor of BRAG HOUSE HOLDINGS, INC. (the “Noteholder”).
WHEREAS, House of Doge Inc., a Texas corporation (the “Borrower”), is the holder of 100% of the equity interests of each Guarantor; and
WHEREAS, (a) the Borrower has issued to the Noteholder a certain Secured Promissory Note in an aggregate initial principal amount of up to $8,000,000 (as amended and in effect from time to time, the “Note”) subject to the terms therein; and (b) the Borrower, Guarantors, and the Noteholder are parties to that certain Security and Pledge Agreement dated as of the date hereof (as amended and in effect from time to time, the “Security Agreement”);
WHEREAS, the Borrower and each Guarantor are members of a group of related entities, the success of any one of which is dependent in part on the success of the other members of such group;
WHEREAS, each Guarantor expects to receive substantial direct and indirect benefits from the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents (as defined in the Note) and the Note (including, without limitation, the extensions of credit to the Borrower by the Note) (which benefits are hereby acknowledged);
WHEREAS, it is a condition precedent to the Noteholder making the loans to the Borrower pursuant to the Note that each Guarantor execute and deliver to the Noteholder a guaranty substantially in the form hereof; and
WHEREAS, each Guarantor wishes to jointly and severally guaranty the Borrower’s, and any other Person’s obligations to the Noteholder under or in respect of the Note and the other Transaction Documents as provided herein;
NOW, THEREFORE, each Guarantor hereby agrees with the Noteholder as follows:
1.Definitions. All capitalized terms used herein without definition shall have the respective meanings provided therefor in the Note.
2.Guaranty of Payment and Performance. Each Guarantor hereby jointly and severally guarantees to the Noteholder the full and punctual payment when due (whether at stated maturity, by required pre-payment, by acceleration or otherwise), as well as the performance, of all of the Obligations, including all such payments which would become due but for the operation of the automatic stay pursuant to §362(a) of the Federal Bankruptcy Code and the operation of §§502(b) and 506(b) of the Federal Bankruptcy Code in a bankruptcy or other insolvency proceeding of the Borrower. This Guaranty is an absolute, unconditional and continuing guaranty of the full and punctual payment and performance of all of the Obligations and not of their collectibility only and is in no way conditioned upon any requirement that the Noteholder first attempt to collect any of the Obligations from the Borrower or any other Person or resort to any collateral security or other means of obtaining payment. Should an Event of Default occur and be continuing, the joint and several obligations of the Guarantors hereunder shall, upon demand by the Noteholder, become immediately due and payable to the Noteholder, without demand or notice of any nature, all of which are expressly waived by each Guarantor. All payments by the Guarantor hereunder shall be made to the Noteholder, in the manner and at the place of payment specified therefor in the Note, for the account of the Noteholder. Each Guarantor shall make all payments hereunder without setoff or counterclaim and free and clear of and without deduction for any taxes, levies, imposts, duties, charges, fees, deductions, withholdings, compulsory loans, restrictions or conditions of any nature now or hereafter imposed or levied by any jurisdiction or any political subdivision thereof or taxing or other authority therein unless such Guarantor is compelled by law to make such deduction or withholding. If any such obligation is imposed upon a Guarantor with respect to any amount payable by it hereunder, such Guarantor will pay to the Noteholder on the date on which such amount is due and payable hereunder, such additional amount in U.S. dollars as shall be necessary to enable the Noteholder to receive the same net amount which the Noteholder would have received on such due date had no such obligation been imposed upon such Guarantor. Each Guarantor will deliver promptly to the Noteholder certificates or other valid vouchers for all taxes or other charges deducted from or paid with respect to payments made by such Guarantor hereunder. The obligations of each Guarantor under this paragraph shall survive the payment in full of the Obligations and termination of this Guaranty.
3.Guarantor’s Agreement to Pay Enforcement Costs, etc. Each Guarantor further jointly and severally agrees, as a principal obligor and not as a guarantor only, on a joint and several basis, to pay to the Noteholder, on demand, all out-of-pocket costs and expenses (including court costs and legal expenses) that the Borrower is required to reimburse pursuant to the Note incurred or expended by the Noteholder in connection with the Obligations, this Guaranty and the enforcement thereof, together with interest on amounts recoverable under this §3 from the time when such amounts become due until payment, whether before or after judgment, at the rate of interest for overdue principal set forth in the Note, provided that if such interest exceeds the maximum amount permitted to be paid under applicable law, then such interest shall be reduced to such maximum permitted amount.
4.Waivers by Guarantors; Noteholder’s Freedom to Act. Each Guarantor agrees that the Obligations will be paid and performed strictly in accordance with their respective terms to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, regulation or order now or hereafter in effect in any jurisdiction affecting any of such terms or the rights of the Noteholder with respect thereto. Each Guarantor waives promptness, diligence, presentment, demand, protest, notice of acceptance, notice of any Obligations incurred and all other notices of any kind, all defenses which may be available by virtue of any valuation, stay, moratorium law or other similar law now or hereafter in effect, any right to require the marshalling of assets the Borrower or any other entity or other person primarily or secondarily liable with respect to any of the Obligations, and all suretyship defenses generally. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each Guarantor agrees to the provisions of any instrument evidencing, securing or otherwise executed in connection with any Obligation and agrees that the joint and several obligations of such Guarantor hereunder shall not be released or discharged, in whole or in part, or otherwise affected by (a) the failure of the Noteholder to assert any claim or demand or to enforce any right or remedy against the Borrower or any other entity or other person primarily or secondarily liable with respect to any of the Obligations; (b) any extensions, compromise, refinancing, consolidation or renewals of any Obligation; (c) any change in the time, place or manner of payment of any of the Obligations or any rescissions, waivers, compromise, refinancing, consolidation or other amendments or modifications of any of the terms or provisions of the Note, the other Transaction Documents or any other agreement evidencing, securing or otherwise executed in connection with any of the Obligations; (d) the addition, substitution or release of any entity or other person primarily or secondarily liable for any Obligation; (e) the adequacy of any rights which the Noteholder may have against any collateral security or other means of obtaining repayment of any of the Obligations; (f) the impairment of any collateral securing any of the Obligations, including without limitation the failure to perfect or preserve any rights which the Noteholder might have in such collateral security or the substitution, exchange, surrender, release, loss or destruction of any such collateral security; or (g) any other act or omission which might in any manner or to any extent vary the risk of a Guarantor or otherwise operate as a release or discharge of such Guarantor, all of which may be done without notice to such Guarantor. To the fullest extent permitted by law, such Guarantor hereby expressly waives any and all rights or defenses arising by reason of (i) any “one action” or “anti-deficiency” law which would otherwise prevent the Noteholder from bringing any action, including any claim for a deficiency, or exercising any other right or remedy (including any right of set-off), against such Guarantor before or after the Noteholder’s commencement or completion of any foreclosure action, whether judicially, by exercise of power of sale or otherwise, or (ii) any other law which in any other way would otherwise require any election of remedies by the Noteholder.
5.Unenforceability of Obligations Against Borrower. If for any reason the Borrower or a Guarantor has no legal existence or is under no legal obligation to discharge any of the Obligations, or if any of the Obligations have become irrecoverable from the Borrower or a Guarantor by reason of the Borrower’s or such Guarantor’s insolvency, bankruptcy or reorganization or by other operation of law or for any other reason, this Guaranty shall nevertheless be binding on a Guarantor to the same extent as if such Guarantor at all times had been the principal obligor on all such Obligations. In the event that acceleration of the time for payment of any of the Obligations is stayed upon the insolvency, bankruptcy or reorganization of the Borrower or a Guarantor, or for any other reason, all such amounts otherwise subject to acceleration under the terms of the Note, the other Transaction Documents or any other agreement evidencing, securing or otherwise executed in connection with any Obligation shall be immediately due and payable by such Guarantor.
6.Subrogation; Subordination.
6.1. Waiver of Rights Against Borrower. Until the final payment and performance in full of all of the Obligations, no Guarantor shall exercise, and such Guarantor hereby waives, any rights against the Borrower arising as a result of payment by such Guarantor hereunder, by way of subrogation, reimbursement, restitution, contribution or otherwise, and will not prove any claim in competition with the Noteholder in respect of any payment hereunder in any bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization case or proceedings of any nature; such Guarantor will not claim any setoff, recoupment or counterclaim against the Borrower in respect of any liability of such Guarantor to the Borrower; and such Guarantor waives any benefit of and any right to participate in any collateral security which may be held by the Noteholder.
6.2. Subordination. The payment of any amounts due with respect to any indebtedness of the Borrower for money borrowed or credit received now or hereafter owed to a Guarantor is hereby subordinated to the prior payment in full of all of the Obligations. Each Guarantor agrees that, after the occurrence and during the continuance of any Event of Default, such Guarantor will not demand, sue for or otherwise attempt to collect any such indebtedness of the Borrower to such Guarantor until all of the Obligations shall have been paid in full. If, notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, a Guarantor shall collect, enforce or receive any amounts in respect of such indebtedness while any Obligations are still outstanding, such amounts shall be collected, enforced and received by such Guarantor as trustee for the Noteholder and be paid over to the Noteholder on account of the Obligations without affecting in any manner the liability of such Guarantor under the other provisions of this Guaranty.
6.3. Provisions Supplemental. The provisions of this §6 shall be supplemental to and not in derogation of any rights and remedies of the Noteholder under any separate subordination agreement which the Noteholder may at any time and from time to time enter into with a Guarantor.
7.Setoff. The Noteholder is hereby authorized at any time and from time to time, without notice to any Guarantor (any such notice being expressly waived by each Guarantor) and to the fullest extent permitted by law, to set off and apply such deposits and other sums against the obligations of a Guarantor under this Guaranty, whether or not the Noteholder shall have made any demand under this Guaranty and although such obligations may be contingent or unmatured.
8.Further Assurances. Each Guarantor agrees that it will from time to time, at the request of the Noteholder, do all such things and execute all such documents as the Noteholder may reasonably request and consider necessary or desirable to give full effect to this Guaranty and to perfect and preserve the rights and powers of the Noteholder hereunder. Each Guarantor acknowledges and confirms that such Guarantor itself has established its own adequate means of obtaining from the Borrower on a continuing basis all information desired by such Guarantor concerning the financial condition of the Borrower and that such Guarantor will look to the Borrower and not to the Noteholder in order for such Guarantor to keep adequately informed of changes in the Borrower’s financial condition.
9.Termination; Reinstatement. This Guaranty shall remain in full force and effect until payment and satisfaction in full of all Obligations at which time this Guaranty shall automatically be terminated. This Guaranty shall continue to be effective or be reinstated, notwithstanding any such notice, if at any time any payment made or value received with respect to any Obligation is rescinded or must otherwise be returned by the Noteholder upon the insolvency, bankruptcy or reorganization of the Borrower, or otherwise, all as though such payment had not been made or value received.
10.Successors and Assigns. This Guaranty shall be jointly and severally binding upon each Guarantor, its successors and assigns, and shall inure to the benefit of the Note and its successors, transferees and assigns. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing sentence, the Note may assign or otherwise transfer any Transaction Document or any other agreement or note held by it evidencing, securing or otherwise executed in connection with the Obligations, or sell participations in any interest therein, to any other entity or other person, and such other entity or other person shall thereupon become vested, to the extent set forth in the agreement evidencing such assignment, transfer or participation, with all the rights in respect thereof granted to the Note herein, all in accordance with, and subject to, the Transaction Documents and the Note. No Guarantor may assign any of its obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of the Noteholder.
11.Amendments and Waivers. No amendment or waiver of any provision of this Guaranty nor consent to any departure by the Guarantor therefrom shall be effective unless the same shall be in writing and signed by the Noteholder. No failure on the part of the Noteholder to exercise, and no delay in exercising, any right hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof; nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right hereunder preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right.
12.Notices. All notices and other communications called for hereunder shall be made in writing and, unless otherwise specifically provided herein, shall be deemed to have been duly made or given when made or given in accordance with the procedures set forth in the Note and addressed as follows: if to a Guarantor, at the address set forth beneath its signature hereto, and if to the Noteholder, at the address for notices to the Noteholder set forth in the Note, or at such address as either party may designate in writing to the other.
13.Governing Law; Consent to Jurisdiction. THIS GUARANTY SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF [NEW YORK]. Each Guarantor agrees that any suit for the enforcement of this Guaranty may be brought in the courts of the STATE OF NEW YORK sitting in the Borough of Manhattan or, to the extent permitted by applicable law, any federal court for the Southern District of New York (and appellate courts thereof) and consents to the nonexclusive jurisdiction of such court and to service of process in any such suit being made upon a Guarantor by mail at the address specified by reference in §12. Each Guarantor hereby waives any objection that it may now or hereafter have to the venue of any such suit or any such court or that such suit was brought in an inconvenient court.
14.Waiver of Jury Trial. THE GUARANTOR HEREBY WAIVES ITS RIGHT TO A JURY TRIAL WITH RESPECT TO ANY ACTION OR CLAIM ARISING OUT OF ANY DISPUTE IN CONNECTION WITH THIS GUARANTY, ANY RIGHTS OR OBLIGATIONS HEREUNDER OR THE PERFORMANCE OF ANY OF SUCH RIGHTS OR OBLIGATIONS. Except as prohibited by law, each Guarantor hereby waives any right which it may have to claim or recover in any litigation referred to in the preceding sentence any special, exemplary, punitive or consequential damages or any damages other than, or in addition to, actual damages. Each Guarantor (i) certifies that neither the Noteholder nor any representative, agent or attorney of the Noteholder has represented, expressly or otherwise, that the Noteholder would not, in the event of litigation, seek to enforce the foregoing waivers and (ii) acknowledges that, in entering into the the Note and the other Transaction Documents to which the Noteholder is a party, the Noteholder is relying upon, among other things, the waivers and certifications contained in this §14.
15.Miscellaneous. This Guaranty constitutes the entire agreement of each Guarantor with respect to the matters set forth herein. The rights and remedies herein provided are cumulative and not exclusive of any remedies provided by law or any other agreement, and this Guaranty shall be in addition to any other guaranty of or collateral security for any of the Obligations. The invalidity or unenforceability of any one or more sections of this Guaranty shall not affect the validity or enforceability of its remaining provisions. Captions are for the ease of reference only and shall not affect the meaning of the relevant provisions. The meanings of all defined terms used in this Guaranty shall be equally applicable to the singular and plural forms of the terms defined.
16.Effectiveness. Delivery of an executed signature page of this Guaranty by facsimile transmission or by email with a PDF attachment shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart hereof. This Guaranty and the other Transaction Documents constitute the entire contract among the parties relating to the subject matter hereof and supersede any and all previous agreements and understandings, oral or written, relating to the subject matter hereof.
[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each Guarantor has caused this Guaranty to be executed and delivered as of the date first above written.
| DOGECOIN VENTURES, INC. | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
| THE OFFICIAL DOGECOIN TREASURY AND RESERVE INC. | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
| HOUSE OF DOGE CANADA INC. | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
[Signature Page to Guaranty]
Exhibit 99.1


House of Doge, the Corporate Arm of the Dogecoin Foundation, to List on NASDAQ Through Merger with Brag House Holdings, Inc.
Backed by Over $50 Million of Investment Capital and Established Access to Additional Capital Sources, Brag House Merger with House of Doge Brings Payments, Tokenization, Gaming and Yield to Crypto’s Most Loyal Community
| ● | Combined company creates a multi-revenue stream digital asset management platform. |
| ● | 20-year exclusive partnership with the Dogecoin Foundation creates the framework for a scalable, transparent, and yield-producing Dogecoin economy serving both institutional investors and the global Dogecoin community. |
| ● | Builds the institutional foundation for the Dogecoin ecosystem through House of Doge’s partnerships with 21Shares, Robinhood (NASDAQ: HOOD), and CleanCore Solutions (NYSE: ZONE), introducing a scalable, transparent business model anchored in regulated investment products, institutional partnerships, and alpha-generating yield strategies. |
| ● | With over 837 million Dogecoin within the House of Doge framework—including approximately 107 million Dogecoin in the 21Shares Swiss ETP and over 730 million Dogecoin managed by House of Doge within the Official Dogecoin Treasury—House of Doge, in partnership with 21Shares, represents the largest institutional Dogecoin holdings in the global digital asset ecosystem. |
New York, NY and Miami, FL, October 13, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) – House of Doge Inc. (“House of Doge”), the official commercial arm of the Dogecoin Foundation, today announced it has entered into a definitive merger agreement with Brag House Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: TBH) (“Brag House” or the “Company”), the Gen Z engagement platform operating at the intersection of gaming, college sports, and digital media. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, Brag House will acquire House of Doge in a reverse takeover transaction. The proposed merger, which has been unanimously approved by both Boards of Directors, will advance mainstream Dogecoin adoption and institutionalize Dogecoin’s utility.
Transaction Highlights
| ● | Merger establishes a publicly traded platform for the Dogecoin ecosystem, uniting two aligned entities at the intersection of digital finance, gaming, and cryptocurrency to create value for institutional and retail investors alike while supporting the broader Dogecoin community. |
| ● | The combined entity will generate recurring, and diversified revenue through integrated advanced payment infrastructure, Dogecoin-denominated merchant services, proprietary data insights, licensing, and treasury activities at a global scale, and will hold a significant amount of Dogecoin within its framework. |
| ● | Drives a regulated, yield-producing Dogecoin economy via new financial products through House of Doge’s partnerships with 21Shares, Robinhood, and CleanCore Solutions (NYSE: ZONE), and strategic alliances that transform Dogecoin into a globally accessible, institutional-grade asset. |
| ● | Unites Brag House’s Gen Z community engine with Dogecoin—a top global cryptocurrency with crypto’s most loyal community—to drive the next wave of digital currency adoption. |
| ● | Implements robust corporate governance with House of Doge CEO Marco Margiotta appointed as CEO of the combined entity and a Board of Directors to be composed primarily of House of Doge appointees, ensuring leadership continuity and strategic alignment, with Brag House CEO Lavell Juan Malloy II continuing as a director. |
| ● | Aligns two cohesive communities—Gen Z, with an estimated annual spending power of more than $350 billion, and the crypto economy—for extensive cultural reach, adoption, and scalability in mainstream digital currency utility. |
| ● | Enables scalable, revenue-driven, high-impact engagement through branded college sports activations and proprietary digital SaaS solutions, designed to expand market reach and deliver long-term shareholder value. |
| ● | Following the closing of the merger, Brag House will continue to operate as an autonomous vertical serving as the first institutional entry point for Dogecoin acceptance in the college ecosystem. |
The proposed transaction marks a defining moment in Dogecoin’s evolution, building on Dogecoin’s community-driven origins, and uniting its grassroots energy with institutional innovation to create a scalable, transparent financial ecosystem. House of Doge, through its partnership with the Dogecoin Foundation, is bridging the gap between crypto and capital markets, developing regulated products, partnerships, and yield opportunities that position Dogecoin as a true financial asset. Currently backed by more than $50 million in investment capital and over 837 million Dogecoin within the House of Doge framework, House of Doge is building the foundation for a scalable, transparent, and yield-producing Dogecoin economy designed for both institutional investors and the global Dogecoin community.
By uniting House of Doge and Brag House, the proposed merger will expand Brag House’s vision to connect Gen Z and the gaming, college sports, and digital media ecosystems with the future of global finance. The expertise and differentiation network Brag House has developed will provide House of Doge with further access to a crypto-native demographic and a platform that promotes authentic brand engagement. “Since launching House of Doge, we’ve built momentum across every layer of the Dogecoin ecosystem, from establishing the Official Dogecoin Treasury with ZONE and forming an alliance with Robinhood to develop new yield-bearing products, to our exclusive ETP/ETF partnership with 21Shares. Now, we’re bringing what we’ve built to the public markets,” said Marco Margiotta, CEO of House of Doge. “What started as a community-led ambition has matured into an infrastructure engine for Dogecoin. By going public through this merger, we’re opening access and unleashing the next wave of innovation, institutional participation, and mainstream utility for Dogecoin.”
“This merger elevates our union of vision and capability,” said Lavell Juan Malloy II, CEO and Co-Founder of Brag House. “Dogecoin represents a bold mission of global utility, while Brag House was architected to ignite cultural adoption among the most digitally fluent generation in history. By embedding Dogecoin into the fabric of Gen Z’s experiences, across college campuses, sports, gaming, and communities, we are not merely creating new business lines; we are unlocking a multi-billion-dollar avenue to mainstream digital currency acceptance and shareholder value creation. Brag House is now well-positioned as the public company vehicle for the next generation of global finance, a widely accepted, culturally integrated, and institutionally supported currency.”
Transaction Overview
Brag House received an independent fairness opinion, which concluded that the proposed merger represents fair value to the Company’s shareholders. The proposed transaction is subject to customary closing conditions and the approval of Brag House shareholders. Upon closing of the merger, Brag House is expected to issue approximately 594,000,000 shares of common stock, along with certain other securities convertible into approximately 69,250,176. The majority of new shares will be issued to current common stockholders of House of Doge. As a result, House of Doge will become the majority shareholder of the Company. Brag House’s current shareholders will retain ownership of the remaining equity. Completion of the proposed transaction is expected early in 2026.
Governance Updates
Upon closing of the merger, Marco Margiotta, CEO of House of Doge, will be appointed as CEO of the combined entity. Mr. Margiotta brings experience as a payments and finance industry veteran, having founded PayFare, an over $15 billion of annual processing global payments solution provider that was acquired by Fiserv (NYSE:FI) in early 2025.
Additionally, the Board of Directors of the combined entity will be comprised of seven directors, six of whom will be appointed by House of Doge. Lavell Juan Malloy II, CEO of Brag House, will continue to serve as a member of the Board of Directors and will remain active in leadership to ensure strategic continuity and execution across the combined platform, including continuing in his role as CEO of the Brag House vertical.
Legal Advisors
Lucosky Brookman LLP is serving as legal counsel to Brag House. Seward & Kissel LLP is serving as legal counsel to House of Doge.
Additional Information on House of Doge - Built to Accelerate Institutional Access for Dogecoin
The anticipated merger follows a series of high-profile partnerships that have positioned House of Doge at the forefront of Dogecoin institutional access and product innovation. The proposed transaction builds on the institutional foundation for Dogecoin’s ecosystem through House of Doge’s partnerships with 21Shares, Robinhood (NASDAQ: HOOD), and CleanCore Solutions (NYSE: ZONE), which established the first Dogecoin ETP, an Official Treasury, and institutional custody framework.
As crypto adoption accelerates across consumer platforms and Fortune 500 balance sheets, House of Doge stands at the convergence of cultural adoption and institutional demand—positioning Dogecoin not just as a token of the internet, but as a financial asset of the modern economy.
Dogecoin ETPs and ETFs
Earlier this year, House of Doge partnered with 21Shares, the world’s largest “crypto-only” ETP manager, and the Dogecoin Foundation to launch Europe’s first Dogecoin Exchange-Traded Product (ETP). The ETP’s strong performance led to an expanded partnership with 21Shares, and the filing of the U.S. Dogecoin Spot ETF, and Dogecoin 2X Levered ETF, which are currently under SEC review.
The official Dogecoin ETP with 21Shares has approximately $26 million in AUM, owning roughly 107 million Dogecoin.
The Official Dogecoin Treasury
In parallel, House of Doge launched the Official Dogecoin Treasury in partnership with CleanCore Solution (“ZONE”) ( NYSE: ZONE). Established on September 5, 2025, the Treasury currently holds more than 730 million Dogecoin, serving as the cornerstone of House of Doge’s financial infrastructure.
Future Yield-Bearing Products
House of Doge also entered a strategic custody partnership with Robinhood, creating a secure institutional framework for holding and managing Dogecoin-based financial products. Together, House of Doge and Robinhood are exploring new yield-bearing solutions and alternative investment vehicles that will make Dogecoin an accessible asset for investors globally.
As crypto adoption accelerates across consumer platforms and Fortune 500 balance sheets, The combined entity will stand at the convergence of cultural adoption and institutional demand - positioning Dogecoin not just as a token of the internet, but as a financial asset of the modern economy.
About House of Doge
House of Doge is the official corporate arm of the Dogecoin Foundation, committed to advancing Dogecoin as a widely accepted and decentralized global currency. By investing in the infrastructure needed to bring Dogecoin into everyday commerce, House of Doge is building secure, scalable, and efficient systems for real-world use. This includes developing financial products, real-world asset tokenization, cultural partnerships, and building the first Foundation-backed Dogecoin treasury strategy to anchor long-term utility and growth. Through these initiatives, House of Doge is leading Dogecoin into its next era, where it goes beyond the meme and fulfills its mission of Doing Only Good Everyday on a global scale. For more information on House of Doge and the institutional foundation for Dogecoin’s ecosystem, visit www.houseofdoge.com.
About Brag House
Brag House is a leading media technology gaming platform dedicated to transforming casual college gaming into a vibrant, community-driven experience. By seamlessly merging gaming, social interaction, and cutting-edge technology, the Company provides an inclusive and engaging environment for casual gamers while enabling brands to authentically connect with the influential Gen Z demographic. The platform offers live-streaming capabilities, gamification features, and custom tournament services, fostering meaningful engagement between users and brands. For more information, please visit www.braghouse.com.
IMPORTANT INFORMATION FOR INVESTORS
This announcement is not a recommendation in favor of the proposed merger described herein. In connection with the proposed merger, Brag House intends to file with the SEC a registration statement on Form S–4 that will include a proxy statement and prospectus. Brag House also plans to file other relevant documents with the SEC regarding the proposed transaction. INVESTORS ARE URGED TO READ THE PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS AND OTHER RELEVANT DOCUMENTS FILED WITH THE SEC IF AND WHEN THEY BECOME AVAILABLE, BECAUSE THEY WILL CONTAIN IMPORTANT INFORMATION. You may obtain a free copy of the proxy statement/prospectus (if and when it becomes available) and other relevant documents filed with the SEC for free at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
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In addition, you will be able to obtain free copies of these documents by phone, e–mail or written request by contacting the investor relations department of Brag House or House of Doge at the following:
Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements in this announcement are forward-looking statements. Investors can identify these forward-looking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “is/are likely to,” “potential,” “continue” or other similar expressions. These statements are subject to uncertainties and risks including, but not limited to, the risk factors discussed in the Risk Factors and in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations sections of our Forms 10-K, 10-Q and other reports filed with the SEC and available at www.sec.gov. The Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent occurring events or circumstances, or changes in its expectations that arise after the date hereof, except as may be required by law.
Media Contacts
Brag House Holdings
Fatema Bhabrawala
Director of Media Relations
fbhabrawala@allianceadvisors.com
House of Doge
Angela Gorman
Communications Director
Email: angela@houseofdoge.com
Tel: (917) 348-0083
Investor Relations Contact
Brag House Holdings
Adele Carey
VP, Investor Relations
ir@thebraghouse.com