ニューエラエナジー&デジタルの四半期報告

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark one)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025

Or.

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-41497

NEW ERA ENERGY & DIGITAL, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Nevada		99-3749880
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(IRS Employer Identification No.)

4501 Santa Rosa Dr. Midland, TX 79707

(Address of principal executive offices and Zip Code)

(432) 695-6997

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock	NUAI	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Warrants	NUAIW	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T(§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer‌	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act): Yes ☐ No ☒

As of August 11, 2025, the registrant had 26,153,893 shares of common stock issued and 25,979,535 shares of common stock outstanding.

NEW ERA ENERGY & DIGITAL, INC.

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

		Page
PART 1 – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	1
	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2025 (unaudited) and December 31, 2024	1
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months and Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024	2
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Deficit for the Three Months and Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024	3
	Unaudited Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024	4
	Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements	5
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	30
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	47
Item 4.	Control and Procedures	47
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	48
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	48
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	48
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	48
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	48
Item 5.	Other Information	48
Item 6.	Exhibits	49
SIGNATURES		50

NEW ERA ENERGY & DIGITAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

	June 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	5,199,825		$	1,053,744
Accounts receivable, net		969,458			851,304
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		730,086			967,176
Restricted investments		1,360,117			1,333,789
Total current assets		8,259,486			4,206,013

Oil and natural gas properties, net (full cost)		482,909			790,093
Property, plant and equipment, net		4,598,909			3,809,742
Equity facility derivative asset		158,255			16,999
Investment in joint venture		75,000			-
Prepaid expenses – non-current		240,000			360,000
TOTAL ASSETS	$	13,814,559		$	9,182,847

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	942,214		$	1,730,610
Accrued liabilities		486,590			319,327
Excise taxes payable		1,351,061			1,155,726
Withholding taxes payable		770,046			594,561
Share issuance liability		—			423,750
Notes payable – current		2,304,153			—
Convertible note, net of discount		5,256,904			2,233,712
Embedded derivative liability		480,490			—
Due to related parties		—			1,354
Other current liabilities		52,557			47,577
Total current liabilities		11,644,015			6,506,617

Embedded derivative liability		—			309,181
Asset retirement obligation		2,307,928			2,198,064
Notes payable – noncurrent		—			2,217,823
Total liabilities		13,951,943			11,231,685

Commitments and Contingencies (Note 15)

Stockholders’ Deficit
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding as of June 30, 2025, and December 31,2024		—			—
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 245,000,000 shares authorized, 25,656,628 issued and 25,482,270 outstanding at June 30, 2025; 70,000,000 shares authorized, 13,165,152 issued and 12,990,794 shares outstanding at December 31, 2024		2,567			1,318
Treasury stock, 174,358 shares at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024		(17	)		(17	)
Additional paid-in capital		20,558,565			11,722,100
Accumulated deficit		(20,698,499	)		(13,772,239	)
Total Stockholders’ Deficit		(137,384	)		(2,048,838	)
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT	$	13,814,559		$	9,182,847

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

NEW ERA ENERGY & DIGITAL, INC.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025			2024			2025			2024
Revenues, net
Oil, natural gas, and product sales, net	$	209,114		$	20,377		$	535,569		$	349,588
Total Revenues, net		209,114			20,377			535,569			349,588

Costs and expenses
Lease operating expenses		308,385			225,368			568,865			728,927
Depletion, depreciation, amortization, and accretion		232,018			255,149			430,427			499,193
General and administrative expenses		1,532,520			1,043,122			3,469,174			1,788,186
Total Costs and expenses		2,072,923			1,523,639			4,468,466			3,016,306

Loss from operations		(1,863,809	)		(1,503,262	)		(3,932,897	)		(2,666,718	)

Other income (expense)
Interest income		10,948			8,074			26,328			24,668
Interest expense		(1,515,986	)		(79,484	)		(2,958,108	)		(139,822	)
Change in fair value of derivative asset		156,659			—			141,256			—
Change in fair value of derivative liability		(99,274	)		—			91,703			—
Other, net		(294,542	)		66,799			(294,542	)		133,597
Total other (expense) income, net		(1,742,195	)		(4,611	)		(2,993,363	)		18,443
Loss before income taxes		(3,606,004	)		(1,507,873	)		(6,926,260	)		(2,648,275	)

Income tax expense		—			418,114			—			699,484
Net loss	$	(3,606,004	)	$	(1,089,759	)	$	(6,926,260	)	$	(1,948,791	)

Net loss per common share, basic and diluted	$	(0.21	)	$	(0.17	)	$	(0.45	)	$	(0.30	)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, basic and diluted		16,904,066			6,425,375			15,390,821			6,425,375

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

NEW ERA ENERGY & DIGITAL, INC.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2025 AND 2024

																Total
	Common Stock				Treasury Stock						Paid-in		Accumulated			Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Shares			Amount			Capital		Deficit			Deficit
Balance, January 1, 2025		13,165,152	$	1,318		(174,358	)	$	(17	)	$	11,722,100	$	(13,772,239	)	$	(2,048,838	)
Sale of common stock		835,000		84		—			—			2,198,359		—			2,198,443
Common shares issued for services		125,000		12		—			—			423,738		—			423,750
Net loss		—		—		—			—			—		(3,320,256	)		(3,320,256	)
Balance, March 31, 2025		14,125,152	$	1,414		(174,358	)	$	(17	)	$	14,344,197	$	(17,092,495	)	$	(2,746,901	)
Sale of common stock		11,531,476		1,153		—			—			6,214,368		—			6,215,521
Net loss		—		—		—			—			—		(3,606,004	)		(3,606,004	)
Balance, June 30, 2025		25,656,628	$	2,567		(174,358	)	$	(17	)	$	20,558,565	$	(20,698,499	)	$	(137,384	)

							Retained			Total
	Common Stock				Paid-in		Earnings (Accumulated			Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Deficit)			(Deficit)
Balance, January 1, 2024		6,421,829	$	643	$	517,843	$	10,145		$	528,631
Sale of common stock		3,546		1		11,999		—			12,000
Net loss		—		—		—		(859,032	)		(859,032	)
Balance, March 31, 2024		6,425,375	$	644	$	529,842	$	(848,887	)	$	(318,401	)
Net loss		—		—		—		(1,089,759	)		(1,089,759	)
Balance, June 30, 2024		6,425,375	$	644	$	529,842		(1,938,646	)		(1,408,160	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

NEW ERA ENERGY & DIGITAL, INC.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

	For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025			2024
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net loss	$	(6,926,260	)	$	(1,948,791)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depletion, depreciation, amortization, and accretion		430,427			499,194
Change in fair value of derivative asset		(141,256	)		—
Change in fair value of derivative liability		(91,703	)		—
Deferred income tax benefit		—			(699,484)
Amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs		2,344,697			—
Accrued interest expense on note payable and other current liabilities		86,330			101,953
Interest income on restricted investments and notes receivable		(26,328	)		(24,669)
Compensation – assignment of property		—			166,449
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivables		(118,154	)		(34,603)
Prepaid expenses and other assets		357,090			23,315
Accounts payable		(788,397	)		543,963
Accrued liabilities		(180,379	)		176,777
Excise tax payable		195,335			—
Withholding tax payable		175,485			—
Due to related parties		(1,354	)		170,603
Other liabilities – current		4,980			(44,890)
Net cash used in operating activities		(4,679,487	)		(1,070,183)

Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Investment in property, plant and equipment, net		(802,546	)		(200,000)
Investment in joint venture		(75,000	)		—
Net cash used in investing activities		(877,546	)		(200,000)

Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Issuance of common stock		8,413,964			12,000
Proceeds from note payable		—			1,089,528
Proceeds from convertible note, net of transaction costs		2,790,000			—
Repayment on convertible notes		(1,416,667	)		—
Debt issuance costs		(84,183	)		—
Proceeds from related party		—			77,500
Net cash provided by financing activities		9,703,114			1,179,028
Net Change in Cash and cash equivalents		4,146,081			(91,155)
Cash and cash equivalents – Beginning of period		1,053,744			120,010
Cash and cash equivalents – End of period	$	5,199,825			$ 28,855
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash interest payments	$	462,331			$ 34,264
Supplemental non-cash investing and financing activities:
Capital expenditures accrued in accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	—		$	(152,894	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 1. ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Organization and Nature of Operations

New Era Helium, Inc.(the “Company”, “NEW ERA”, “we,”, “us,” or “our”), formerly known as Roth CH Holdings, Inc. (“Roth V”), is a Nevada corporation. On August 13, 2025, the Company changed its name from New Era Helium, Inc. to New Era Energy & Digital, Inc. The Company was formed on February 6, 2023, through a Reorganization Agreement and Plan Share Exchange (the “Agreement”) with Solis Partners, LLC (“Solis Partners”) as described further in the paragraph below. The Company’s primary operations include the exploration, development, and production of helium, natural gas, oil, and natural gas liquids (“NGLs”). The Company’s producing oil and gas assets and non-producing acreage are primarily located in Chaves County, New Mexico. The Company also owns overriding royalty interests located in Howard County, Texas.

The Company’s wholly owned subsidiary Solis Partners is a Texas limited liability company. Solis Partners owns and operates the Company’s producing oil and gas assets and non-producing acreage. The Company’s wholly owned subsidiary NEH Midstream LLC (“NEH Midstream”) is a Texas limited liability company, formed August 4, 2023. NEH Midstream is the owner of the helium offtake and tolling agreements. NEH Midstream is in the process of constructing a natural gas processing facility in which NEH Midstream will be the owner and operator.

On December 6, 2024, the Company completed the business combination (the “Business Combination) contemplated by the Business Combination and Plan of Organization dated January 3, 2024 (the “Business Combination Agreement”) (as amended on June 5, 2024, August 8, 2024, September 11, 2024 and September 30, 2024, the “BCA”), by and among Roth CH Acquisition V Co. (“ROCL”), Roth CH V Merger Sub Corp., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of ROCL (“Merger Sub”), and NEW ERA.

The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Under this method of accounting, although ROCL acquired the outstanding equity in NEW ERA in the Business Combination, ROCL is treated as the “acquired company” and NEW ERA was treated as the accounting acquirer for financial statement purposes. Accordingly, the Business Combination was treated as the equivalent of NEW ERA issuing stock for the net assets of ROCL, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of ROCL are stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded.

Furthermore, the historical financial statements of NEW ERA became the historical financial statements of the Company upon the consummation of the merger. As a result, the financial statements included in this Quarterly Report reflect (i) the historical operating results of NEW ERA prior to the merger; (ii) the combined results of ROCL and NEW ERA following the close of the merger; (iii) the assets and liabilities of NEW ERA at their historical cost and (iv) NEW ERA’s equity structure for all periods presented, as affected by the recapitalization presentation after completion of the merger. See Note 3 - Reverse Capitalization for further details of the merger.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, have been prepared in accordance with GAAP issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). The accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments including normal recurring adjustments, which, in the opinion of management, are necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the years presented. References to GAAP issued by the FASB in these accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements are to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”).

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Emerging Growth Company Status

The Company is an emerging growth company, as defined in the JOBS Act. Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act, until such time as those standards apply to private companies. The Company has elected to use this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until the earlier of the date that it (i) is no longer an emerging growth company or (ii) affirmatively and irrevocably opts out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. As a result, these financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with the new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates.

Risks and Uncertainties

As a producer of natural gas, NGLs and oil, and an anticipated future producer of helium, the Company’s revenue, profitability, and future growth are substantially dependent upon the prevailing and future prices for helium, natural gas, NGLs and oil, which are dependent upon numerous factors beyond its control such as economic, political, and regulatory developments and competition from other energy sources. The energy markets have historically been very volatile, and there can be no assurance that the prices for helium, natural gas, NGLs or oil will not be subject to wide fluctuations in the future. A substantial or extended decline in prices for helium, natural gas, NGLs and oil could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, cash flows, the quantities of natural gas, helium, NGL and oil reserves that may be economically produced and the Company’s access to capital.

Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IR Act”) was signed into federal law. The IR Act provides for, among other things, a new U.S. federal 1% excise tax on certain repurchases of stock by publicly traded U.S. domestic corporations and certain U.S. domestic subsidiaries of publicly traded foreign corporations occurring on or after January 1, 2023. The excise tax is imposed on the repurchasing corporation itself, not its shareholders from which shares are repurchased. The amount of the excise tax is generally 1% of the fair market value of the shares repurchased at the time of the repurchase. However, for purposes of calculating the excise tax, repurchasing corporations are permitted to net the fair market value of certain new stock issuances against the fair market value of stock repurchases during the same taxable year. In addition, certain exceptions apply to the excise tax. The U.S. Department of the Treasury (the “Treasury”) has been given authority to provide regulations and other guidance to carry out and prevent the abuse or avoidance of the excise tax.

Any redemption or other repurchase that occurs after December 31, 2022, in connection with a Business Combination, extension vote or otherwise, may be subject to the excise tax. Whether and to what extent the Company would be subject to the excise tax in connection with a Business Combination, extension vote or otherwise would depend on a number of factors, including (i) the fair market value of the redemptions and repurchases in connection with the Business Combination, extension or otherwise, (ii) the structure of a Business Combination, (iii) the nature and amount of any “PIPE” or other equity issuances in connection with a Business Combination (or otherwise issued not in connection with a Business Combination but issued within the same taxable year of a Business Combination) and (iv) the content of regulations and other guidance from the Treasury. In addition, because the excise tax would be payable by the Company and not by the redeeming holder, the mechanics of any required payment of the excise tax have not been determined. The foregoing could cause a reduction in the cash available on hand to complete a Business Combination and in the Company’s ability to complete a Business Combination.

In connection with the ROCL stockholders’ vote at the May 2023 Special Meeting, ROCL public stockholders exercised their right to redeem 8,989,488 shares of ROCL common stock for a total of $93,010,772 as of May 31, 2023. In connection with the ROCL stockholders’ vote at the December 2023 Special Meeting, 927,715 shares of ROCL common stock were tendered for redemption as of December 1, 2023. Excise tax should be recognized in the period incurred, that is when the repurchase occurs. Any reduction in the tax liability due to a subsequent stock issuance, or an event giving rise to an exception, which occurs within a tax year, should be recorded in the period of such stock issuance or event giving rise to an exception. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company recorded $1,029,003 of excise tax liability calculated as 1% of the value of shares redeemed on May 31, 2023 and December 1, 2023.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

During the second quarter of 2023, the IRS issued final regulations with respect to the timing and payment of the excise tax. Pursuant to those regulations, the Company would need to file a return and remit payment for any liability incurred during the period from January 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023 on or before October 31, 2024.

The Company is currently evaluating its options with respect to payment of this obligation. If the Company is unable to pay its obligation in full, it will be subject to additional interest and penalties which are currently estimated at 10% interest per annum and a 5% underpayment penalty per month or portion of a month up to 25% of the total liability for any amount that is unpaid from November 1, 2024, until paid in full. The Company has $322,058 and $126,722 of accrued interest and penalty in the consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Notice of Delisting

On March 4, 2025, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq (the “Notice”) which notified the Company that, for 30 consecutive business days, the Company’s market value of listed securities (“MVLS”) closed below the $50,000,000 MVLS threshold required for continued listing on the Nasdaq Global Market under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5450(b)(2)(A) (the “MVLS Rule”).

In accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(C), the Company has 180 calendar days, or until September 2, 2025 (the “MVLS Compliance Period”), to regain compliance with the MVLS Rule. The Notice notes that, to regain compliance, the Company’s MVLS must close at or above $50,000,000 for a minimum of ten consecutive business days during the MVLS Compliance Period. The Notice further notes that if the Company is unable to satisfy the MVLS requirement prior to such date, the Company may be eligible to transfer the listing of its securities to The Nasdaq Capital Market (provided that the Company then satisfies the requirements for continued listing on that market). If the Company does not regain compliance by the end of the MVLS Compliance Period, Nasdaq staff will provide written notice to the Company that its securities are subject to delisting. At that time, the Company may appeal any such delisting determination to a hearings panel. The Notice has no immediate effect on the listing or trading of the Company’s common stock on the Nasdaq Global Market.

The Company is actively monitoring the Company’s MVLS between now and September 2, 2025, and may, if appropriate, evaluate available options to resolve the deficiencies and regain compliance with the MVLS Rule. While the Company is exercising diligent efforts to maintain the listing of its securities on Nasdaq, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to regain or maintain compliance with Nasdaq listing standards.

NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries after elimination of all significant intercompany transactions and balances.

Segments

ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting,” establishes standards for companies to report in their financial statement information about operating segments, products, services, geographic areas, and major customers. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise that engage in business activities from which it may recognize revenues and incur expenses, and for which separate financial information is available that is regularly evaluated by the Company’s chief operating decision maker, or group, in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance.

The Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer, who reviews total assets and income (loss) from operation of the single reportable segment of the Company as a whole to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing financial performance. Accordingly, management has determined that there is only one reportable segment which is the development, exploration and production of natural gas, helium, NGLs and oil. In addition, the Company has a single company-wide management team that allocates capital resources to maximize profitability and measures financial performance as a single enterprise.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Functional and reporting currency

The functional and reporting currency of the Company is the United States dollar.

Liquidity and Going Concern

The Company recorded a net loss of $6,926,260 for the six months ended June 30, 2025, and net loss of $1,948,791 for the six months ended June 30, 2024. As of June 30, 2025, the Company had a working capital deficit of $3,384,529 and a cash balance of $5,199,825.

Historically, the Company’s primary sources of liquidity have been cash received from oil, natural gas, and product sales, contributions from members, and borrowings.

Management’s assessment of the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern involves making a judgement, at a particular point in time, about inherently uncertain future outcomes of events or conditions.

Any judgment about the future is based on information available at the time at which the judgment is made. Subsequent events may result in outcomes that are inconsistent with judgments that were reasonable at the time they were made. Management has taken into account the following:

The Company’s financial position; and

The risks facing the Company that could impact liquidity and capital adequacy.

The Company’s future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the Company’s revenue growth rate, and the timing and extent of spending to support further sales and marketing efforts. In connection with the closing of the Business Combination on December 6, 2024, the Company and an institutional investor (the EPFA Investor”) entered into an Equity Purchase Agreement, as further amended as of February 21, 2025, May 5, 2025, and July 10, 2025 (the “EPFA”). Pursuant to the EPFA, the Company has the right to issue and sell to the EPFA Investor, and the EPFA Investor must purchase from the Company, up to an aggregate of $75 million (the “Commitment Amount”) in newly issued shares (the “Advance Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain conditions. The EFPA also provides for the issuance of two pre-paid advances in the aggregate amount of $10 million, the first pre-paid advance in the amount of $7 million, which was drawn by the Company on December 6, 2024, and the second pre-paid advance in the amount of $3 million, which was drawn by the Company on January 16, 2025, each of which is evidenced by a senior secured convertible promissory note (each, a “Convertible Note”), which is convertible into shares of common stock.

The Company is making payments of principal and interest on the Convertible Notes and the Company’s general and administrative expenses through funds received from shares sold under the EFPA. The Company’s share price has significantly declined and as a result, management has concern about the Company’s ability to sell sufficient shares under the EFPA at high enough prices to produce cash flow to meet its obligations within the assessment period as necessary. The Company may need to raise additional financing through loans. The Company cannot provide any assurance that the new financing will be available to it on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. If the Company is unable to raise additional capital, The Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition would be materially and adversely affected. As a result, in connection with the Company’s assessment of going concern considerations in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-15, “Disclosures of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern”, Management has determined that the Company’s liquidity condition raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern through the twelve months following the issuance date of the June 30, 2025, consolidated financial statements. These consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recovery of the recorded assets or the classification of the liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgements and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, certain disclosures at the date of the consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates affecting the consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis of the most current and best available information. The estimates and assumptions include but are not limited to inputs used to calculate asset retirement obligations (“AROs”) (Note 11), the estimate of proved natural gas, oil, and natural gas liquids reserves and related present value estimates of future net cash flows therefrom (Note 6) and inputs used to calculate the value of the derivative asset and derivative liabilities (Note 16). These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgements. However, actual results from the resolution of such estimates and assumptions may vary from those used in the preparation of the financial statements.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity date of six months or less to be cash equivalents. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company did not hold any cash equivalents other than cash on deposit.

Restricted Investments

Restricted investments relates to Certificates of Deposit (“CDs”) held at West Texas National Bank. These CDs are used as collateral for operating and plugging bonds for the New Mexico Oil Conservation Division, New Mexico State Land Office, and the Bureau of Land Management.

Receivables and Allowance for Expected Losses

The Company’s receivables result primarily from the sale of oil, natural gas and NGLs as well as billings to joint interest owners for properties in which the Company serves as the operator. Receivables from product sales are generally due within 30 to 60 days after the last day of each production month and do not bear any interest. Receivables associated with joint interest billings are regularly reviewed by Management for collectability, and they establish or adjust an allowance for expected losses as necessary. The Company determines its allowance for each type of receivable by considering a number of factors, including the length of time accounts receivable are past due, the Company’s previous loss history, the debtor’s current ability to pay its obligation to the Company, the condition of the general economy and the industry as a whole. Management has determined that an allowance for expected losses was not required for the six months ended June 30, 2025, and the year ended December 31, 2024.

	June 30,		December 31,
	2025		2024
Oil, natural gas and NGL sales	$	97,860	$	108,091
Joint interest accounts receivable		749,287		624,577
Other accounts receivable		122,311		118,636
Total Accounts receivable, net	$	969,458	$	851,304

The beginning accounts receivable balance at January 1, 2024 was $692,351.

The Company did not write off any accounts receivable during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024.

Prepaid Expenses

The Company includes in prepaid expenses payments made in advance for goods or services for which the Company will receive a future benefit. Prepaid expenses are recorded at cost and are expensed over the period in which the benefit is realized.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Betterments, renewals, and extraordinary repairs that materially extend the useful life of the asset are capitalized; other repairs and maintenance charges are expensed as incurred. The Company includes in property, plant and equipment the processing plant under construction, computer equipment, furniture and fixtures, and leasehold improvements.

Depreciation and amortization expense is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, which results in depreciation and amortization being incurred evenly over the life of an asset. Fully depreciated assets are retained in property and accumulated depreciation accounts until they are removed from service.

Management performs ongoing evaluations of the estimated useful lives of the property and equipment for depreciation purposes. Management periodically reviews long-lived assets, other than oil and gas property, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable.

The Company recognizes an impairment loss when the sum of expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset. The amount of impairment is measured as the difference between the asset’s estimated fair value and its carrying amount. The Company recorded no impairment charges during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

Oil and Gas Properties

The Company follows the full cost accounting method to account for oil and natural gas properties, whereby costs incurred in the acquisition, exploration and development of oil and gas reserves are capitalized. Such costs include lease acquisition, geological and geophysical activities, rentals on nonproducing leases, drilling, completing and equipping of oil and gas wells, administrative costs directly attributable to those activities and asset retirement costs. Disposition of oil and gas properties are accounted for as a reduction of capitalized costs, with no gain or loss recognized unless such adjustment would significantly alter the relationship between capital costs and proved reserves of oil and gas, in which case the gain or loss is recognized to operations.

The capitalized costs of oil and gas properties, plus estimated future development costs relating to proved reserves and excluding unevaluated and unproved properties, are amortized as depletion expense using the units-of-production method based on estimated proved recoverable oil and gas reserves.

The costs associated with unevaluated and unproved properties, initially excluded from the amortization base, relate to unproved leasehold acreage, wells and production facilities in progress and wells pending determination of the existence of proved reserves, together with capitalized interest costs for these projects. Unproved leasehold costs are transferred to the amortization base with the costs of drilling the related well once a determination of the existence of proved reserves has been made or upon impairment of a lease. Costs associated with wells in progress and completed wells that have yet to be evaluated are transferred to the amortization base once a determination is made whether or not proved reserves can be assigned to the property. Costs of dry wells are transferred to the amortization base immediately upon determination that the well is unsuccessful.

Under full cost accounting rules for each cost center, capitalized costs of evaluated oil and gas properties, including asset retirement costs, less accumulated amortization and related deferred income taxes, may not exceed an amount (the “cost ceiling”) equal to the sum of (a) the present value of future net cash flows from estimated production of proved oil and gas reserves, based on current prices and operating conditions, discounted at ten percent (10%), plus (b) the cost of properties not being amortized, plus (c) the lower of cost or estimated fair value of any unproved properties included in the costs being amortized, less (d) any income tax effects related to differences between the book and tax basis of the properties involved. If capitalized costs exceed this limit, the excess is charged to operations. For purposes of the ceiling test calculation, current prices are defined as the un-weighted arithmetic average of the first day of the month price for each month within the 12-month period prior to the end of the reporting period. Prices are adjusted for basis or location differentials. Unless sales contracts specify otherwise, prices are held constant for the productive life of each well. Similarly, current costs are assumed to remain constant over the entire calculation period.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Given the volatility of oil and gas prices, it is reasonably possible that the estimate of discounted future net cash flows from proved oil and gas reserves could change in the near term. If oil and gas prices decline in the future, even if only for a short period of time, it is possible that impairments of oil and gas properties could occur. In addition, it is reasonably possible that impairments could occur if costs are incurred in excess of any increases in the present value of future net cash flows from proved oil and gas reserves, or if properties are sold for proceeds less than the discounted present value of the related proved oil and gas reserves. The Company recorded no ceiling test impairment charges for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024.

Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities

The Company’s payables and accrued liabilities result primarily from the operation of its oil and natural gas properties as well as the administration of the Company. For properties in which the Company is operator, the Company pays 100% of most operating costs, then bills the non-operating partners for their share of the costs. The Company records the Company’s share of these costs in its consolidated statements of operations. Accounts payable are generally due within 30 days of receipt of the invoices by the Company and do not bear any interest. The table below represents the accounts payable and accrued liabilities recorded in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Trade payable	$	216,487	$	1,003,380
Suspense payable		725,727		727,230
Total accounts payable	$	942,214	$	1,730,610

Total accrued liabilities	$	486,590	$	319,327

Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are recorded in operating lease right-of-use asset, operating lease liability, current, and operating lease liability, long-term on the consolidated balance sheets.

Operating lease right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent its obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As the Company’s lease does not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses the incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate used at adoption was 2.37%. Significant judgement is required when determining the incremental borrowing rate. Rent expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Asset retirement obligations

The Company records a liability for asset retirement obligations (“ARO”) associated with its oil and gas wells when the well has been completed. The ARO is recorded at its estimated fair value, measured by the expected future cash outflows required to satisfy the abandonment and restoration discounted at our credit-adjusted risk-free interest rate. The corresponding cost is capitalized as an asset and included in the carrying amount of oil and gas properties and is depleted over the useful life of the properties. Subsequently, the ARO liability is accreted to its then-present value.

Inherent in the fair value calculation of an ARO are numerous assumptions and judgments including the ultimate settlement amounts, inflation factors, credit adjusted discount rates, timing of settlement, and changes in the legal, regulatory, environmental, and political environments. To the extent future revisions to these assumptions impact the fair value of the existing ARO liability, a corresponding adjustment is made to the oil and gas property balance. Settlements greater than or less than amounts accrued as ARO are recorded as a gain or loss upon settlement. This gain or loss is recorded to the oil and gas property balance.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Financial Instruments and Concentrations of Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company maintains its cash in accounts with major financial institutions within the United States. The Company’s cash balances can, at times, exceed amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Company places its cash with high credit quality financial institutions. The Company has not experienced any losses in these accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk.

The Company is subject to credit risk resulting from the concentration of its oil, natural gas and NGL receivables with significant purchasers. For the six months ending June 30, 2025, the Company had no oil sales. A separate purchaser accounted for all of the Company’s natural gas and NGL revenues for the six months ending June 30, 2025, and 2024. For the six months ending June 30, 2024, one purchaser accounted for all of the Company’s oil sales revenues. The Company does not require collateral. While the Company believes its recorded receivables will be collected, in the event of default the Company will follow normal collection procedures. The Company does not believe the loss of either purchaser would materially impact its operating results as oil, natural gas and NGLs are fungible products with a well-established market and numerous purchasers.

Revenue recognition

The Company records revenue in accordance with FASB ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”) which uses a five-step model that requires entities to exercise judgment when considering the terms of the contract(s) which includes (i) identifying the contract(s) with the customer, (ii) identifying the separate performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determining the transaction price, (iv) allocating the transaction price to the separate performance obligations, and (v) recognizing revenue as each performance obligation is satisfied.

Revenue from contracts with customers

The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control over a product to a customer or the processor of the product. Revenue is measured based on the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products.

Performance obligations and significant judgments

The Company sells oil and natural gas products in the United States through a single reportable segment. The Company enters into contracts that generally include oil, natural gas, helium, and associated liquids in variable quantities and priced based on a specific index related to the type of product.

The oil and natural gas are typically sold in an unprocessed state to processors and other third parties for processing and sale to customers. The Company recognizes revenue at a point in time when control of the oil or natural gas passes to the customer or processor, as applicable, discussed below.

The Company sells its oil to a single purchaser under a month-to-month purchase agreement at a price based on an index price from the purchaser. This agreement will continue on a month-to-month basis thereafter unless and until terminated by the Company or the purchaser with a 30-day advance notice. Oil that is produced from the Company’s wells is stored in tank batteries located on the Company’s lease. When the purchaser’s truck connects to the storage tank and oil enters the truck, control of the oil is transferred to the purchaser, the Company’s obligations are satisfied, and revenue is recognized.

The Company sells its natural gas and NGLs to a single purchaser, who is also the processor, under a purchase agreement at a price based on an index price from the purchaser which expired on May 31, 2024. This agreement currently continues on a month-to-month basis unless and until terminated by the Company or the purchaser with a 30-day advance notice. Under our natural gas and NGL contracts with processors, when the unprocessed natural gas is delivered at the sales meter, control of the gas is transferred to the purchaser, the Company’s obligations are satisfied, and revenue is recognized. In the cases where the Company sells to a processor, management has determined that the processors are customers. The Company recognizes the revenue in these contracts based on the net proceeds received from the processor.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

The Company will sell its helium to two purchasers, each purchasing 50% of the helium production under 10-year contracts. One of the contracts will commence upon delivery of gaseous helium production at the tailgate of the processing plant. The other contract will commence upon delivery of liquid helium from the Keyes Helium Company (“Keyes Helium”) liquefaction plant located in Keyes, Oklahoma. When the gaseous helium is loaded into the gaseous helium trailer, control of the helium is transferred to the purchaser, the Company’s obligations will be satisfied, and revenue will be recognized. With regards to liquid helium, the Company will transport the gaseous helium to the Keyes Helium liquefaction plant. Once the helium has been liquified and loaded into the liquid helium trailer, control of the helium is transferred to the purchaser, the Company’s obligations are satisfied, and revenue is recognized.

The Company has no unsatisfied performance obligations at the end of each reporting period.

Management does not believe that significant judgments are required with respect to the determination of the transaction price, including any variable consideration identified. There is a low level of uncertainty due to the precision of measurement and use of index-based pricing adjusted for transportation and other related deductions, which are based on contractual or historical data. Additionally, any variable consideration identified is not constrained.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the “exit price”) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the observability of inputs as follows:

	●	Level 1 — Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access. Valuation adjustments and block discounts are not applied to Level 1 instruments. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of these products does not entail a significant degree of judgment;
	●	Level 2 — Valuations based on one or more quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly; and
	●	Level 3 — Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.

Convertible Note Payable

When the Company issues convertible debt, it first evaluates the balance sheet classification of the convertible instrument in its entirety to determine (1) whether the instrument should be classified as a liability under ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, and (2) whether the conversion feature should be accounted for separately from the host instrument. A conversion feature of a convertible debt instrument would be separated from the convertible instrument and classified as a derivative liability if the conversion feature, were it a standalone instrument, meets the definition of a “derivative” in ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. When a conversion feature meets the definition of an embedded derivative, it would be separated from the host instrument and classified as a derivative liability carried on the consolidated balance sheet at fair value, with any changes in its fair value recognized currently in the consolidated statements of operations. See Note 7 “Notes Payable” for further information.

Warrants

The Company determines the accounting classification of warrants it issues as either liability or equity classified by first assessing whether the warrants meet liability classification in accordance with ASC 480-10, Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of both Liabilities and Equity (“ASC 480”), then in accordance with ASC 815-40 (“ASC 815”), Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments Indexed to, and Potentially Settled in, a Company’s Own Stock. Under ASC 480, warrants are considered liability classified if the warrants are mandatorily redeemable, obligate the Company to settle the warrants or the underlying shares by paying cash or other assets, or warrants that must or may require settlement by issuing a variable number of shares. If warrants do not meet liability classification under ASC 480, the Company assesses the requirements under ASC 815, which states that contracts that require or may require the issuer to settle the contract for cash are liabilities recorded at fair value, irrespective of the likelihood of the transaction occurring that triggers the net cash settlement feature. If the warrants do not require liability classification under ASC 815, and in order to conclude equity classification, the Company also assesses whether the warrants are indexed to its Common Stock and whether the warrants are classified as equity under ASC 815 or other applicable GAAP. After all relevant assessments, the Company concludes whether the warrants are classified as liability or equity. Liability classified warrants require fair value accounting at issuance and subsequent to initial issuance with all changes in fair value after the issuance date recorded in the statements of operations. Equity classified warrants only require fair value accounting at issuance with no changes recognized subsequent to the issuance date.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Related parties

All material related-party transactions are approved by members of the Board of Directors not affiliated with the transactions. These Board members consider the details of each new, existing or proposed related party transaction, including the terms of the transaction, the business purpose of the transaction, and the benefits to the Company and the relevant related party. In determining whether to approve a related party transaction, the following factors are considered: (1) if the terms are fair to the Company, (2) if there are business reasons to enter into the transaction, or (3) if the transaction would present an improper conflict of interest for any officer.

Income taxes

The provision for income taxes is determined using the asset and liability approach of accounting for income taxes. Under this approach, deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the carrying amounts for income tax purposes and net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. The amount of deferred taxes on these temporary differences is determined using the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, as applicable, based on tax rates and laws in the respective tax jurisdiction enacted as of the balance sheet date.

The Company reviews its deferred tax assets for recoverability and establishes a valuation allowance based on projected future taxable income, applicable tax strategies and the expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not (likelihood of greater than 50 percent) that some portion or all the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company recorded a valuation allowance of $4,248,911 as of June 30, 2025, and $2,487,466 as of December 31, 2024.

The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, based upon the technical merits of the position. If all or a portion of the unrecognized tax benefit is sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, the tax benefit will be recognized as a reduction to the Company’s deferred tax liability and will affect the Company’s effective tax rate in the period it is recognized.

The Company records any tax-related interest charges as interest expense and any tax-related penalties as other expenses in the consolidated statements of operations of which there have been none to date.

The Company is also subject to the Texas Margin Tax. The Company realized no Texas Margin Tax in the accompanying consolidated financial statements as we do not anticipate owing any Texas Margin Tax for the periods presented.

Stock-based compensation

The Company periodically issues common stock and common stock options to consultants for various services. Costs of these transactions are measured at the fair value of the service received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. The value of the common stock is measured at the earlier of (i) the date at which a firm commitment for performance by the counterparty to earn the equity instruments is reached or (ii) the date at which the counterparty’s performance is complete.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Loss Per Share

The Company accounts for net loss per share in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification subtopic 260 - 10, Earnings Per Share (“ASC 260 - 10”), which requires presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) on the face of the consolidated statement of operations for all entities with complex capital structures and requires a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the basic EPS computation to the numerator and denominator of the diluted EPS. Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. It excludes the dilutive effects of any potentially issuable common shares. Diluted net loss per share is calculated by including any potentially dilutive share issuances in the denominator. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, all potentially dilutive securities were not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share as their effect would be anti - dilutive.

Recent accounting pronouncements

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” which enhances the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. The amendments address more transparency about income tax information through improvements to income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. The ASU also includes certain other amendments to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures. The amendments in the ASU are effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 31, 2024 on a prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this guidance.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.” This ASU updates reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expense and information used to assess segment performance. The amendments in the ASU are effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. Retrospective application to all prior periods presented in the financial statements is required for public entities. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 as of January 1, 2024. Adoption of the ASU did not impact the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosure (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. This ASU requires public business entities to disclose, in interim and annual reporting periods, additional information about certain expenses in the notes to the financial statements. The amendments in the ASU are effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is still evaluating the effect of the adoption of this guidance.

NOTE 3: RECAPITALIZATION

As discussed in Note 1, “Organization and Basis of Presentation,” on December 6, 2024, the Company completed the Business Combination contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement dated January 3, 2024, by and among ROCL, the Merger Sub, and NEW ERA.

At the Closing, pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement and after giving effect to the redemption of shares of ROCL common stock:

The total consideration paid at the Closing (the “Merger Consideration”) by ROCL to New Era Helium Corp. security holders was 8,916,625 shares of common stock of Holdings.

Each share of Merger Sub common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Merger Sub Common Stock”), issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (as defined in the Business Combination Agreement) was converted into one newly issued share of the Company’s common stock.

Following the filing of the Articles of Merger with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada, ROCL merged with and into Holdings, with Holdings as the surviving company of the Initial Merger. Following the filing of the Articles of Merger with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada, Merger Sub merged with and into with New Era Helium Corp. as the surviving corporation of the Business Combination, effective December 6, 2024. Thus, New Era Helium Corp. became a wholly owned subsidiary of ROCL. In connection with the Business Combination, Holdings changed its name to “New Era Helium, Inc.”

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Although ROCL was the legal acquirer of NEW ERA in the merger, NEW ERA is deemed to be the accounting acquirer, and the historical financial statements of NEW ERA became the basis for the historical financial statements of the Company upon the closing of the merger. NEW ERA was determined to be the accounting acquirer based on an evaluation of the following facts and circumstances:

●

NEW ERA’s current shareholders have a majority of the voting power in the combined company;

●

NEW ERA’s existing stockholders have the ability to control decisions regarding election and removal of directors and officers of the combined company;

●

NEW ERA is the larger entity in terms of substantive operations and employee base;

●

NEW ERA comprises the ongoing operations of the combined company;

●

NEW ERA’s existing senior management is the senior management of the combined company.

In accordance with the guidance applicable to these circumstances, the equity structure has been restated in all comparable periods up to December 6, 2024, to reflect the number of shares of the Company’s common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, issued to NEW ERA’s stockholders in connection with the merger. As such, the shares and corresponding capital amounts and earnings per share related to NEW ERA’s common stock prior to the merger have been retroactively restated as shares reflecting the exchange ratio established in the merger.

The number of shares of Common Stock issued immediately following the consummation of the Business Combination were:

ROCL common stock outstanding prior to the Business Combination	11,500,000
Less: Redemption of ROCL common stock	(11,162,973	)
ROCL common stock	337,027
ROCL founder shares outstanding	2,325,000
ROCL private shares outstanding	461,500
Shares issued to advisors	1,125,000
Business combination shares	4,248,527
NEW ERA shares	8,916,625
Common stock immediately after the Business Combination	13,165,152

The number of NEW ERA shares was determined as follows:

			NEW ERA Shares
			after
	NEW ERA Shares		Conversion Ratio
Common stock		8,623,205		8,916,625

Public and private placement warrants

The 5,750,000 Public Warrants issued at the time of ROCL’s initial public offering and the 230,750 warrants issued in connection with the private placement at the time of ROCL’s initial public offering (the “Private Placement Warrants”) remained outstanding and became warrants for the Company (See Note 12 EQUITY).

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Redemption

Prior to the closing of the Business Combination, certain ROCL public stockholders exercised their right to redeem certain of their outstanding shares for cash, resulting in the redemption of 11,162,973 shares of ROCL common stock for an aggregate payment of $117,044,333.

NOTE 4: PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

The following table presents the components of prepaid expenses and other current assets as of the dates indicated:

	June 30,		December 31,
	2025		2024
Retainer for workover rigs	$	240,000	$	240,000
Prepaid insurance		260,849		575,498
Prepaid expense		81,003		3,444
Prepaid taxes		133,198		133,198
Security deposit		5,050		5,050
Other		9,986		9,986
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets- current	$	730,086	$	967,176

Retainer for workover rigs		240,000		360,000
Total prepaid expenses-noncurrent	$	240,000	$	360,000

NOTE 5. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

The Company will record depreciation expense for the processing plant over its estimated useful life.

Depreciation for the processing plant will commence once the processing plant is placed into service. The Company records depreciation expense for computer equipment and furniture and fixtures over a useful life of five years. The Company records depreciation expense for leasehold improvement over the lesser of their estimated useful lives or the underlying terms of the associated leases.

	June 30,			December 31,
	2025			2024
Processing plant under construction – cost	$	4,466,736		$	3,791,736
Computer equipment – cost		30,020			9,820
Field equipment – cost		107,347			—
Furniture and fixtures – cost		22,101			22,101
Leasehold improvements – cost		23,005			23,006
Total – cost		4,649,209			3,846,663

Processing plant under construction – accumulated depreciation		—			—
Computer equipment – accumulated depreciation		(9,876	)		(6,874	)
Field equipment – accumulated depreciation		—			—
Furniture and fixtures – accumulated depreciation		(18,481	)		(16,271	)
Leasehold improvements – accumulated depreciation		(21,943	)		(13,776	)
Total – accumulated depreciation		(50,300	)		(36,921	)

Processing plant under construction – net		4,466,736			3,791,736
Computer equipment – net		20,144			2,946
Field equipment – net		107,347			—
Furniture and fixtures – net		3,620			5,830
Leasehold improvements – net		1,062			9,230
Total Property, plant and equipment, net	$	4,598,909		$	3,809,742

The Company recorded depreciation expense in the amounts of $13,379 and $5,493 during the six months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 6. OIL AND NATURAL GAS PROPERTIES

	June 30,			December 31,
	2025			2024
Evaluated oil and natural gas properties – cost	$	6,933,071		$	6,933,071
Accumulated depletion and impairment		(6,450,162	)		(6,142,978	)
Oil and natural gas properties, net	$	482,909		$	790,093

The Company had no unevaluated properties at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

The Company recorded depletion expense in the amounts of $307,184 and $403,183 for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. There were no ceiling test impairments recorded during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024.

NOTE 7. NOTES PAYABLE

AirLife Note Payable

On August 25, 2023, the Company, through its wholly owned subsidiary NEH Midstream, LLC., entered into a Promissory Note (“AirLife Note”) with AirLife Gases USA Inc. (“AirLife”). Under the AirLife Note, NEH Midstream agreed to pay AirLife the principal sum of $2,000,000 or such lesser amount as shall equal the outstanding principal amount of the Advance made to NEH Midstream by AirLife. The entire balance will be due on the earlier of (i) the date that is 18 months after the commencement date as defined the Purchase and Sale Agreement between NEH Midstream and AirLife dated August 25, 2023, or (ii) May 30, 2027. Interest shall accrue at 0.0211%, compounded daily, equivalent to an annual interest rate of 8%, commencing on the date the advance was made and continuing until repaid. The Company’s interest in certain oil and natural gas properties, included within the Oil and natural gas properties, net (full cost) balance on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets are pledged as collateral for the AirLife Note. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the amount outstanding under the AirLife Note, including accrued interest of $304,153 and $217,823, respectively, and were $2,304,153 and $2,217,823, respectively, and the June 30, 2025 balance was recorded as Notes payable – current and the December 31, 2024 balance was recorded as Notes payable – noncurrent on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, if the Purchase Agreement is terminated due to delay of the November 30, 2025 Commencement Date, succession of plant operations or early termination of the Purchase Agreement, the Company will be required to pay the total amount of remaining monthly installments of the AirLife Note within five (5) days of the date of such termination. (See Note 14)

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Equity Purchase Facility Agreement (“EPFA”) and Convertible Notes

On December 6, 2024, following the closing of the Business Combination, the Company and an institutional investor (the “EPFA Investor”) entered into an Equity Purchase Facility Agreement (the “EPFA”). Pursuant to the EPFA, the Company has the right to issue and sell to the EPFA Investor, and the EPFA Investor must purchase from the Company, up to an aggregate of $75 million (the “Commitment Amount”) in newly issued shares (the “Advance Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain conditions. The Company may issue up to 866,873 Advance Shares assuming a purchase price of $8.075 per Advance Share.

The EFPA provides for the issuance of two pre-paid advances in the aggregate amount of $10 million, the first pre-paid advance in the amount of $7 million and the second pre-paid advance in the amount of $3 million, each of which to be evidenced by a senior secured convertible promissory note (“the Notes”), which is convertible into shares of Common Stock. The Notes are secured by all assets of the Company. The Note for the First Pre-Paid Advance is initially convertible into 770,000 shares of Common Stock, assuming a conversion price of $10 and no accrued and unpaid interest. The Second Pre-Paid Advance Note will be initially convertible into 330,000 shares of Common Stock, assuming a conversion price of $10 and no accrued and unpaid interest.

The proceeds from the Second Pre-Paid Advance Note and sale of Advance Shares are expected to be used by the Company first to pay the then monthly payment on any outstanding Notes and then the remainder would be utilized for working capital. Pursuant to the terms of the EPFA, the Company is required to hold a special meeting of stockholders no later than ninety (90) calendar days following December 6, 2024 to seek approval of (i) the issuance of all of the shares of Common Stock that may be issuable pursuant to the Notes and the EPFA in compliance with the rules and regulations of Nasdaq and (ii) an amendment to the Company’s articles of incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of capital stock of the Company to 250,000,000. At any time until the EPFA is terminated, the Company, in its sole discretion, has the right, but not the obligation, to issue and sell to the EPFA Investor, and the EPFA Investor must subscribe for and purchase from the Company, Advance Shares.

The price per Advance Share will be determined by multiplying the market price by 95% in respect of an Advance Notice, which shall be reduced by one-third (1/3rd) for each Excluded Day Purchase Price (as defined in the EPFA), which is not known at the time an Advance Notice is delivered but shall be determined on each closing based on the daily prices of the Advance Shares that are the inputs to the determination of the purchase price.

While the Convertible Notes are outstanding, the Company cannot issue, sell, grant, or otherwise dispose of any securities, or enter into any agreement or arrangement to do so, at a price per security less than 120% of $2.00 per share of Common Stock (the “EPFA Floor Price”) on such date, or otherwise provide rights to acquire securities at an effective price per security below 120% of the EPFA Floor Price unless the Company uses the proceeds of such transaction to fully redeem such outstanding Notes.

Until the termination of the EPFA, the Company must maintain a minimum cash balance of $500,000.

The Company reviewed the EFPA and determined that it should be recognized at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in the consolidated statement of operations (See Note 16).

As an inducement to entering into the EPFA, a designee of the EPFA Investor received 550,000 shares of ROCL and such shares were converted into 550,000 shares of Common Stock in connection with Business Combination.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note

Each Convertible Note provides for a 7% original issue discount and is for a term of 15 months. Commencing on the ninetieth (90th) day following the applicable Issuance Date and continuing on the same day of each successive calendar month until the entire outstanding principal amount has been repaid, the Company is required to make monthly payments to the holder of the Note (the “Holder”). Each monthly payment will be in an amount equal to the sum of (i) one twelfth (1/12) of the initial aggregate principal of the Note and all other notes issued pursuant to the EPFA, plus (ii) accrued and unpaid under the Note as of each payment date. Interest accrues on the outstanding principal balance at an initial annual rate equal to 10% (“Interest Rate”), which Interest Rate will increase to an annual rate of 18% upon the occurrence of an Event of Default (as defined in the Note).

On December 6, 2024, the Company drew the first prepaid advance of $7,000,000, net of an original issue discount of $490,000 and debt issuance costs of $5,048,574.

On January 16, 2025, following the effectiveness of the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, on December 30, 2024, the Company issued another Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note (the “Subsequent Note”) to the Investor in an aggregate principal amount of $3.0 million for an aggregate purchase price of $2.79 million after giving effect to a 7% original issue discount of $210,000 and debt issuance costs of $347,195. The Subsequent Note is for a term of 15 months from the Issuance Date.

The outstanding balance on the Convertible Note and the Subsequent Note, net of debt discount, as of December 31, 2024 was $2,233,712.

Amendment to Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note

On May 5, 2025, the Company and the Investor entered into two amendments to the Promissory Notes, an amendment to the Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note dated December 6, 2024 (the “First Amendment”) and an amendment to the Subsequent Note dated January 16, 2025 (the “Second Amendment”) which, among other things, provides that the Company may elect to defer the principal portion of the monthly payments that are due to the Investor in May 2025, June 2025, or July 2025 until on or before the Maturity Date of the respective Promissory Note in exchange for the payment of a deferral fee (the “Deferral Fee”) equal to 2.0% of the outstanding Principal on each of the Promissory Notes payable monthly until the deferred principal payments are paid in full. The Deferral Fee is payable 50% in cash and 50% as an addition to the outstanding Principal amount on the applicable payment date. The Company elected to defer the principal portion of the monthly payments that are due to the Investor in May 2025, June 2025, and July 2025. The deferral fees were recognized as an additional debt discount of $520,167.

The Company has evaluated the First and Second Amendment and as the effective borrowing rate under the restructured agreements are less than the effective annual interest rate on the old agreements, a concession is deemed to have been granted under ASC 470-60-55-10. As a concession has been granted, the agreements were accounted for as a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) by debtors under ASC 470-60.

For the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company recorded $2,344,697of amortization of the debt discount in the consolidated statement of operations. The unamortized debt discount is expected to be amortized over the next 10 months. As of June 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the accrued interest on the Convertible Note in the consolidated balance sheets was $44,996 and $49,863, respectively. The outstanding balance on the Amended Notes, net of debt discount, as of June 30, 2025, was $5,256,904.

Conversion Rights

Each Note is convertible into shares of Common Stock at the option of the Investor at an initial conversion price of $10.00 per share (the “Conversion Price”). If the Company sells, enters into an agreement to sell, or grants any option to purchase any shares of Common Stock or any other securities that are at any time convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for common stock, at an effective price per share less than the Conversion Price of the Note then in effect, the Conversion Price will be reduced to equal the effective price per share in such dilutive issuance. The Conversion Price is also subject to a downward adjustment if an Event of Default occurs. The Conversion Price is subject to an initial floor price of $2.00 per share of Common Stock, however beginning on the effective date of the initial Registration Statement, and on the same day of every six (6) months thereafter (each, a “Floor Price Reset Date”), the floor price will be reduced to 20% of the average volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such trading day on the primary market of the Common Stock during regular trading hours as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (the “VWAP”) during the five (5) trading days immediately prior to such Floor Price Reset Date. Additionally, the Company may reduce the floor price to any amount set forth in a written notice to the Holder, provided that any such reduction will be irrevocable and will not be subject to increase thereafter. The Company may prepay the Note at its option, upon thirty (30) business days written notice, by paying a 10% redemption premium.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

The Company reviewed the conversion option and determined that the scope exception within ASC 815-10-15-74 (a) is met and the conversion option is not required to be bifurcated and accounted for as an embedded derivative under ASC 815.

Event of Default Conversion

From and after the occurrence of an Event of Default, the Holder may elect to convert the Note into shares of the Common Stock at the “Event of Default Conversion Price”, which is equal to the lower of the Conversion Price then in effect; and 90% of the lowest VWAP of the Common Stock during the ten (10) consecutive trading days immediately prior to the date on which we received written notice of such conversion from such holder, subject to the Floor Price.

The Company reviewed the Event of Default feature under ASC 815-15 and determined that the default interest feature is considered an embedded derivative that should be bifurcated from the host instrument requiring fair value accounting at issuance with all changes in fair value after the issuance date recorded in the consolidated statement of operations (See Note 16).

Limitations on Conversion

A Holder shall not have the right to convert any portion of the Note to the extent that, after giving effect to such conversion, the Holder (together with its related parties) would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% (the “Maximum Percentage”) of shares of the Company Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such conversion. The Maximum Percentage may be raised or lowered to any other percentage not in excess of 9.99%, at the option of the Holder, except that any increase will only be effective upon 61 days’ prior written notice to us.

Redemption Rights

At any time, the Company may redeem in cash all, or any portion, of the Note, in an amount equal to the outstanding principal balance being redeemed, plus a 10% premium in respect of such principal amount, plus all accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on such principal amount.

Security Agreement

Also, on December 6, 2024, the Company, each of its subsidiaries (each, a “Grantor”), and the Investor, entered into a Security Agreement (the “Security Agreement”) with respect to the Notes. Pursuant to the Security Agreement, each Grantor granted a security interest in such Grantor’s right, title and interest in and to each type of property described in the Security Agreement, (collectively, the “Collateral”), including, but not limited to the Company’s Equipment, Inventory, Receivables, Related Contracts, Pledged Debt, Investment Property, Pledged Stock and Account Collateral. The Collateral secures and will secure all debts, obligations, liabilities, covenants and duties of every kind owed at any time to the Secured Parties by the Grantors under the Purchase Agreement, the Notes, the Guarantee and/or each other Transaction Document.

Subsidiary Guarantee

Also, on December 6, 2024, each of the Company’s subsidiaries (the “Guarantors”) executed a guarantee agreement (the “Subsidiary Guarantee”), whereby each such Guarantor guaranteed to the EPFA Investor the prompt and full payment and performance of the Guaranteed Obligations of the Company under and pursuant to the Security Agreement.

Amended and Restated Equity Purchase Facility Agreement

On February 21, 2025, the Company and the Investor entered into an Amended and Restated Equity Purchase Facility Agreement (the “A&R EPFA”), which amends and restates the Existing EPFA in its entirety. Capitalized terms used herein and not defined herein have the meanings ascribed thereto in the A&R EPFA.

The A&R EPFA provides, among other things, that for so long as any amount remains outstanding under the Promissory Notes, if the Company submits an Advance Notice (as defined in the A&R EPFA), then the aggregate purchase price owed to the Company from such Advance Notice (the “Advance Proceeds”) shall be paid by the Investor to the Company and used by the Company in accordance with Section 7.15 of the A&R EPFA; provided, however, that any such Advance Notice that is submitted during any thirty (30) calendar day period preceding the date on which the Company is required to make a monthly payment pursuant to Sections 1(b) and 1(d) of the Promissory Notes (each such payment, a “Note Payment”), then without the prior written consent of the Investor, the Company may only submit such Advance Notice, if the Advance Proceeds are paid by the Investor by offsetting the amount of the Advance Proceeds against the full amount of the applicable Note Payment (first towards accrued and unpaid interest, then towards Payment Premiums (as defined in the Promissory Notes) (if applicable), and then towards outstanding principal), with any remaining Advance Proceeds to be paid by the Investor in cash to the Company and used by the Company in accordance with Section 7.15 of the A&R EPFA. Furthermore, if there is any default under the Promissory Notes, the Company may only submit an Advance Notice with the prior consent of the Investor.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Under the terms of the A&R EPFA, the price per Advance Share (as defined in the A&R EPFA) is set at the product obtained by multiplying the market price by 95%. In the event of a Regular Purchase Pricing Period (as defined in the A&R EPFA), the Company may elect to set the minimum price per Advance Share (the “Minimum Acceptable Price”) for such Advance Notice, however, if no Minimum Acceptable Price is selected, the Minimum Acceptable Price will automatically be set at a price equal to the Floor Price (as defined in the A&R EPFA) then in effect multiplied by 105.3%. In the event of an Accelerated Purchase Pricing Period (as defined in the A&R EPFA), the Minimum Acceptable Price shall always equal the Floor Price then in effect multiplied by 105.3%. Each trading day during a Pricing Period (as defined in the A&R EPFA) that is an Excluded Day (as defined in the A&R EPFA), shall result in an automatic reduction to the number of Advance Shares set forth in such Advance Notice by (i) in the event of a Regular Purchase Pricing Period, one-third for each such Excluded Day, (ii) in the event of an Accelerated Purchase Pricing Period, (A) with respect to an Equity Condition Excluded Day (as defined in the A&R EPFA), 100% or (B) with respect to a MAP Excluded Day (as defined in the A&R EPFA), 16% for each MAP Event (as defined in the A&R EPFA) in the applicable Accelerated Purchase Pricing Period. The A&R EPFA also provides that in no event may the Purchase Price be lower than the Floor Price then in effect and the Company may not submit an Advance Notice, without the consent of the Investor, if the market price of the Company’s common stock immediately prior to submission is lower than 120% of the Floor Price then in effect.

Pursuant to the terms of the A&R EPFA, the Floor Price is currently set at $0.7176 per Common Share, which is equal to 20% of the average five-day VWAP of the Common Shares on January 15, 2025, which is the date the Company’s resale registration statement on Form S-1 was declared effective. The A&R EPFA further provides that, beginning on July 15, 2025 and on the same day of every six (6) months thereafter (each, a “Floor Price Reset Date”), the Floor Price shall be adjusted (downwards only) to 20% of the average VWAP of the common stock during the five (5) trading days immediately prior to such Floor Price Reset Date. Notwithstanding the foregoing and subject to the rules and regulations of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, the Company may reduce the Floor Price then in effect to any amount set forth in a written notice to the Investor; provided that such reduction shall be irrevocable and shall not be subject to increase thereafter.

The table below summarizes the outstanding notes payable as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, including the effects of discounts and debt issuance costs:

	June 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
Current
Convertible note due 2026		8,755,858			7,000,000
Discounts, net (1)		(826,205	)		(462,602	)
Debt issuance costs, net (2)		(2,672,749	)		(4,303,686	)
Total, convertible note		5,256,904			2,233,712

Airlife Note – principal		2,000,000			—
Airlife Note – accrued interest		304,153			—
Total, Airlife Note		2,304,153			—
Total notes payable – current	$	7,561,057		$	2,233,712

Noncurrent
AirLife Note – principal	$	—		$	2,000,000
AirLife Note – accrued interest		—			217,823
Notes payable – noncurrent	$	—		$	2,217,823

(1)	Discounts as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, consisted of $1,220,167 and $490,000, respectively, in discounts less accumulated amortization of $393,692 and $27,398, respectively.

(2)	Debt issuance costs as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, consisted of $4,905,768 and $4,558,574, respectively, in debt issuance costs less accumulated amortization of $2,233,019 and $254,888.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

The table below presents the disaggregation of interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2025:

	Three Months Ended		Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2025		June 30, 2025
Contractual interest expense	$	331,736	$	613,411
Debt discount amortization		203,096		393,962
Debt issuance cost amortization		981,154		1,950,735
Total	$	1,515,986	$	2,958,108

NOTE 8. LEASE LIABILITIES

The Company currently occupies office space in Midland, Texas and Hermosa Beach, California under a month - to - month arrangement. The Company is reviewing its options regarding continued use of these office spaces and will continue to expense the cost to use these offices. On July 31, 2025, the Company provided notice to vacate the Hermosa Beach office no later than August 29, 2025.

There are no future minimum rental payments required under operating leases as of June 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024.

NOTE 9. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Balance outstanding of related parties:

Name of Party	Receivable / Payable	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Mike Rugen	Payable (reimbursable business expenses)	$	—	$	1,354
Total	Payable	$	—	$	1,354

NOTE 10: OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

The following table presents the components of other current liabilities as of the dates indicated:

	June 30,		December 31,
	2025		2024
Royalty payable – ONRR	$	52,557	$	27,896
Installment agreement – ONRR		—		19,681
Total other current liabilities	$	52,557	$	47,577

NOTE 11. ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS

The Company has a number of oil and gas wells in production and will have AROs that will be settled once the wells are permanently removed from service. The primary obligations involve the removal and disposal of surface equipment, plugging and abandoning the wells and site restoration.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

AROs associated with the retirement of tangible long-lived assets are recognized as liabilities with an increase to the carrying amounts of the related long-lived assets in the period incurred. The fair value of AROs is recognized at the date a new well is completed or the acquisition date of the working interest. The cost of the tangible asset, including the asset retirement cost, is depleted over the life of the asset. AROs are recorded at estimated fair value, measured by reference to the expected future cash outflows required to satisfy the retirement obligations discounted at the Company’s credit-adjusted risk-free interest rate. Accretion expense is recognized over time as the discounted liabilities are accreted to their expected settlement value. If estimated future costs of AROs change, an adjustment is recorded to both the ARO and the long-lived asset. Revisions to estimated AROs can result from changes in retirement cost estimates including revisions to estimated inflation rates, revisions to estimated discount rates and changes in the estimated timing of abandonment. The Company used the following inputs in its calculation of its asset retirement obligations.

	Six Months Ended			Year Ended
	June 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
Inflation rate		3.042	%		3.873	%
Discount factor		10.0	%		10.0	%
Estimated asset life		3.50 – 49.50 Years			4 – 50 years

The following table shows the change in the Company’s ARO liability for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024:

Asset retirement obligations, December 31, 2023	$	1,654,968
Liabilities sold		(26,780	)
Liabilities settled		(28,087	)
Change in estimated		435,067
Accretion expense		162,896
Asset retirement obligations, December 31, 2024	$	2,198,064

Asset retirement obligations, December 31, 2024	$	2,198,064
Accretion expense		109,864
Asset retirement obligations, June 30, 2025	$	2,307,928

NOTE 12. EQUITY

Reorganization Agreement and Plan Share Exchange and Issuance of Shares

Preferred stock - The Company is authorized to issue 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were no shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding.

Common stock - The Company is authorized to issue 245,000,000 shares of common stock as of June 30, 2025 and 70,000,000 shares of common stock as of December 31, 2024 with a par value of $0.0001 per share. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were 25,656,628 shares and 13,165,152 shares issued and 25,482,270 shares and 12,990,794 shares outstanding, respectively. Each share of Common Stock has one vote and has similar rights and obligations.

Share Issuances

The Company issued the following shares under the EPFA:

●

800,000 shares issued on January 22, 2025, at approximately $2.64 per share for an aggregate of $2,112,800.

●

15,000 shares issued on January 31, 2025, at approximately $2.67 per share for an aggregate of $40,042.

●

20,000 shares issued on February 25, 2025, at approximately $2.28 per share for an aggregate amount of $45,600.

●

523,257 shares issued during April 2025, at a weighted average price of approximately $0.82 per share for an aggregate amount of $429,849.

●

1,181,026 shares issued during May 2025, at a weighted average price of approximately $0.56 per share for an aggregate amount of $ $658,406.

●

9,827,193 shares issued during June 2025, at a weighted average price of approximately $0.52 per share for an aggregate amount of $5,127,096.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

The Company also issued 125,000 shares on February 6, 2025. These shares were approved by the Board of Directors on January 14, 2025, related to work performed during 2024.

Amendment to Equity Purchase Facility Agreement

On May 5, 2025, the Company and the Investor entered into the Second Amendment and Restated Equity Purchase Facility Agreement (this “Agreement”). This Agreement amends the Equity Purchase Facility Agreement dated December 6, 2024 (the “Original Agreement”), as amended and restated on February 21, 2025 (the “Existing Agreement”).

The Second A&R EPFA, among other things, removes the prohibition in the Existing EPFA from the Company selling shares to the Investor pursuant to an Advance Notice at a sales price below the Floor Price then in effect; however, the Company is still required to obtain the Investor’s consent prior to issuing an Advance Notice where the sales price is lower than 120% of the Floor Price then in effect. The Second A&R EPFA also removed the concept of the Minimum Acceptable Price (as defined in the Existing EPFA) and includes other conforming and administrative changes.

Warrants – As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there are 5,750,000 Public Warrants and 230,750 Private Warrants outstanding. Each warrant allows the holder to purchase one share of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share.

Also, on December 6, 2024, the Company and an institutional investor (the “Warrant Investor”) entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Warrant Purchase Agreement”) pursuant to which the Company issued and sold to the Investor warrants to purchase up to $30,000,000 shares of Common Stock (the “Warrant Shares”) comprised of two tranches, (a) a warrant to purchase up to $10,000,000 shares of Common Stock (the “First Tranche Warrant”) and (b) a warrant to purchase up to $20,000,000 shares of Common Stock (the “Second Tranche Warrant” and together with the First Tranche Warrant, the “December PP Warrants”). The December PP Warrants may be exercised on any day on or after December 6, 2024, in whole or in part at an initial exercise price of $10.00 per share (the “Exercise Price”), subject to certain adjustments as provided in the applicable Warrant. The number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of First Tranche Warrant is equal to the quotient of (i) the product of (x) $10 million minus any amount previously paid to exercise the Warrants and (y) multiplied by 110%, and (ii) divided by the Exercise Price then in effect. Currently, the number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of the First Tranche Warrant is equal to 1,100,000, assuming an Exercise Price of $10. The number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of Second Tranche Warrant is equal to 2,140,000, subject to certain adjustments.

The Company has analyzed the Public Warrants, Private Warrants, and December PP Warrants and determined they are considered to be freestanding instruments and do not exhibit any of the characteristics in ASC 480 and therefore are not classified as liabilities under ASC 480 or ASC 815.

NOTE 13. LOSS PER SHARE

The Company calculated net loss per share using the treasury stock method. The table below sets for the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share for the period presented below.

	For the Three Months Ended						For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2025			2024			2025			2024
Net loss	$	(3,606,004	)	$	(1,089,759	)	$	(6,926,260	)	$	(1,948,791	)
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding		16,904,066			6,425,375			15,390,821			6,425,375
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding		—			—			—			—
Basic and diluted weighted average common shares outstanding		16,904,066			6,425,375			15,390,821			6,425,375
Basic and diluted net loss per share	$	(0.21	)	$	(0.17	)	$	(0.45	)	$	(0.30	)

NOTE 14. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Environmental Matters

The Company, as a lessee of oil and gas properties, is subject to various federal, provincial, state and local laws and regulations relating to discharge of materials into, and protection of, the environment. These laws and regulations may, among other things, impose liability on the lessee under an oil and gas lease for the cost of pollution clean-up resulting from operations and subject the lessee to liability for pollution damages. In some instances, the Company may be directed to suspend or cease operations in the affected area. There can be no assurance, however, that current regulatory requirements will not change, or past noncompliance with environmental laws will not be discovered on the Company’s properties.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Irrevocable Standby Letter of Credit and Promissory Note

On September 24, 2020, the Company entered into an irrevocable standby letter of credit (“LOC”) and a promissory note with West Texas National Bank in the amount of $25,000 with variable interest initially of 4.25% per annum and maturing on December 24, 2021. No amount was drawn down under this LOC up to the date it was amended on October 29, 2021.

On October 29, 2021, the Company entered into an amendment of the LOC a new promissory note, increasing the amount to $425,000 with variable interest initially of 4.25% per annum and maturing on September 29, 2025. On January 1, 2022, and March 29, 2022, the LOC was amended, and new promissory notes were executed increasing the amount to $650,000 and $920,000, respectively. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, no amount was drawn down under the LOC.

Limited Liability Company Agreement

On January 21, 2025, the Company entered into a Limited Liability Company Agreement (the “LLC Agreement”) with SharonAI for the creation of Texas Critical Data Centers LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and joint venture of the Company and SharonAI (the “Joint Venture”). Pursuant to the terms of the LLC Agreement, the purpose of the Joint Venture is to engage in (i) the purchase, building, and development of a site in Texas with an initial 250 MW gas-fired power plant and corresponding data center, and (ii) the operation of this site and (iii) any and all lawful activities necessary or incidental thereto.

Each of the Company and SharonAI will contribute $75,000 to the Joint Venture and have a 50% membership interest in the Joint Venture, constituting the initial members of the Joint Venture. So long as a Member holds a membership interest in the Joint Venture, such Member may not withdraw or resign as a member prior to the dissolution and winding up of the Joint Venture, and any such withdrawal or resignation or attempted withdrawal or resignation will be null and void. Members are required to make additional capital contributions (each, an “Additional Capital Contribution”) as set forth in the LLC Agreement, and failure to make Additional Capital Contributions in accordance with the terms of the LLC Agreement entitle the non-defaulting Member to institute proceedings against the non-contributing Member (“Non-Contributing Member”), purchase such Non-Contributing Member’s membership interest, or force a sale of such Non-Contributing Member’s membership interest. No Member may transfer all or any portion of its membership interest without the written consent of the other Member unless such transfer is made pursuant to a Non-Contributing Member’s failure to make Additional Capital Contributions as set forth in the LLC Agreement. New Members of the Joint Venture may be admitted from time to time pursuant to the terms of the LLC Agreement. No real or personal property of the Joint Venture will be deemed to be owned by any of its Members individually and will be owned by, and title will be vested solely in, the Joint Venture. Each fiscal year, net income and net loss will be allocated amongst the Members pro rata in accordance with their membership interests in the Joint Venture. Distributions of the Joint Venture, following allowance for payment of Joint Venture obligations then due and payable, will be made to the members on at least a quarterly basis (unless the Board and members unanimously agree otherwise), pro rata in accordance with the Members’ percentage interests in the Joint Venture.

The Company made a $75,000 contribution to the Joint Venture on April 16, 2025. On July 16, 2025, the Company made an additional contribution of $750,000.

The Company reviewed the LLC Agreement under ASC 323 - Equity Method and Joint Ventures and determined that the LLC Agreement meets the definition of a joint venture. The Company further reviewed the LLC Agreement under ASC 810 – Consolidation and determined that the LLC Agreement does not meet the definition of a variable interest entity since the joint venture does not have sufficient equity at risk. The Company follows the equity method accounting for its investment in the joint venture.

Contract for Sale and Purchase of Liquid Helium

On August 25, 2023, (the “Effective Date”) the Company entered into an agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with AirLife Gases USA Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Buyer”). Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, the Company intends to transport a portion of its gaseous helium production to a helium liquefaction plant located in Keyes, Oklahoma (the “Tolling Facility”) and the Buyer desires to purchase a portion of the gaseous helium produced by the Company. The term of the Purchase Agreement commenced on the Effective Date and will expire on the tenth (10th anniversary) of the first day of the month in which the Company’s third-party tolling provider completes filling the first container with liquid helium for delivery to the Buyer at the Tolling Facility (the “Commencement Date”). If the Commencement Date has not occurred by November 30, 2025, for any reason, the Buyer has the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 15: REVENUES

The following table presents the revenue by type as of the dates indicated:

	For the Three Months Ended						For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2025			2024			2025			2024
Natural gas	$	591,188		$	198,375		$	1,273,349		$	708,109
Less gathering and processing		(445,649	)		(220,666	)		(847,746	)		(522,800	)
Natural gas, net		145,539			(22,291	)		425,603			185,309
NGL		63,575			73,630			109,966			139,679
Oil		—			(30,962	)		—			24,600
Total Revenue, net	$	209,114		$	20,377		$	535,569		$	349,588

NOTE 16. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company accounts for certain liabilities at fair value and classifies these liabilities with the fair value hierarchy. Our asset retirement obligation liabilities are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.

Assets, liabilities, and expenses subject to fair value measurements are as follows:

June 30, 2025	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Asset:
Equity facility derivative asset	$	—	$	—	$	158,255	$	158,255

Liability:
ARO liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	2,307,928	$	2,307,928
Embedded derivative liability	$	—	$	—	$	480,490	$	480,490

December 31, 2024		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Asset:
Equity facility derivative asset	$	—	$	—	$	16,999	$	16,999

Liabilities:
ARO liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	2,198,064	$	2,198,064
Embedded derivative liability	$	—	$	—	$	309,181	$	309,181

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, prepaid and other current assets, due from related parties, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, due to related party, and other current liabilities, as reflected in the consolidated balance sheets, approximate fair value, due to the short-term maturity of these instruments. The carrying value of notes payable approximates their fair value due to immaterial changes in market interest rates.

The equity facility derivative asset and the embedded derivative liability were valued using a Monte Carlo model.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

The following table provides quantitative information regarding Level 3 fair value measurements for the embedded derivative liability and equity facility asset at initial measurement at December 6, 2024, January 15, 2025, and at June 30, 2025.

				Embedded			Embedded						Equity Facility
	Equity Facility			Derivative Liability			Derivative Liability			Embedded Derivative			Facility Derivative			Embedded Derivative
	Derivative Asset June 30, 2025			June 30, 2025 (December Note)			June 30, 2025 (January Note)			Liability January 15, 2025 (Initial Measurement)			Asset December 6, 2024 (Initial Measurement)			Liability December 6, 2024 (Initial Measurement)
Conversion price	$	—		$	10.00		$	10.00		$	10.00		$	—		$	10.00
Share price	$	0.49		$	0.49		$	0.49		$	3.00		$	9.88		$	9.88
Volatility		96.0	%		71.0	%		69.0	%		32.0	%		29.0	%		28.0	%
Probability of default		—			32.52	%		32.80	%		41.0	%		—			41.0	%
Risk-free rate		4.32	%		4.08	%		4.03	%		4.12	%		4.23	%		4.08	%
Dividend yield		—			—			—			—			—			—

The following table presents the changes in the fair value of Level 3 embedded derivative liabilities and equity facility derivative asset:

				Equity
	Embedded			Facility
	Derivative Liabilities			Derivative Asset
Fair value as of January 1, 2025	$	309,181		$	16,999
Initial fair value as of January 15, 2025		263,012			—
Change in valuation inputs or other assumptions		(91,703	)		141,256
Fair value as of June 30, 2025	$	480,490		$	158,255

NOTE 17. SEGMENTATION

The Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer who reviews the assets, liabilities, operating results, and financial metrics for the Company as a whole to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing financial performance. Accordingly, management has determined that there is only one reportable segment which is the development, exploration and production of natural gas, helium, NGLs and oil.

The CODM assesses performance for the single segment and decides how to allocate resources based on net income or loss that also is reported on the statement of operations as net income or loss. The measure of segment assets and liabilities is reported on the balance sheet as total assets and total liabilities. When evaluating the Company’s performance and making key decisions regarding resource allocation, the CODM reviews several key metrics included in net income or loss, total assets and total liabilities, which include the following:

	June 30,		December 31,
	2025		2024
Cash and cash equivalents	$	5,199,825	$	1,053,744
Property and equipment, net		4,598,909		3,809,742
Oil and natural gas properties		482,909		790,093

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Revenue, net	$	209,114	$	20,377	$	535,569	$	349,588
Lease operating expenses		308,385		225,368		568,865		728,927
General and administrative expenses		1,532,520		1,043,122		3,469,174		1,788,186

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 18. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

As previously reported, the Company, and E. Will Gray, II, its Chief Executive Officer, are parties to that certain Employment Agreement dated as of April 15, 2024 (the “Agreement”). On July 16, 2025, NEW ERA and the Executive entered into an amendment to the Agreement (the “Amendment”) to provide for, among other things, the reimbursement of certain relocation expenses and housing expenses for the Executive.

On July 2, 2025, Matheson Tri-Gas, Inc. terminated its Gaseous Helium Agreement with the Company. This termination was a result of the Pecos Slope Plant not commencing operation as of July 1, 2025.

On July 2, 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the issuance of 1,213,643 share of common stock and options to purchase 765,000 shares of common stock.

On of July 10, 2025, the Company has issued and sold an aggregate of 12,788,741 Shares for gross proceeds of approximately $8,588,625 under the Existing EPFA.

On July 4, 2025, President Trump signed the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) into law. The OBBBA includes, among other things, a permanent extension of 100% bonus depreciation for certain capital expenditures and modifications to the interest expense limitation under Section 163(j). In accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, the effects of the tax law are recognized in the period of enactment and therefore not reflected in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025. The Company is evaluating the potential tax impacts of the OBBBA on the consolidated financial statements.

On July 10, 2025, the Company and the Investor entered into a Third Amended and Restated Equity Purchase Facility Agreement (the “Third A&R EPFA”), which amends and restates the Existing EPFA in its entirety.

On August 12, 2025, the Company and the Investor entered into a Fourth Amended and Restated Equity Purchase Facility Agreement (the “Fourth A&R EPFA”), which amends and restates the Third EPFA in its entirety. Pursuant to the Fourth A&R EPFA, we have the right, and not the obligation, to sell to the Investor up to $1.0 billion of Common Stock, which was increased from $75.0 million, at our request during the commitment period commencing on December 6, 2024 and terminating on the first day of the month following the 36 month anniversary of December 6, 2024.

On July 17, 2025, Texas Critical Data Centers LLC (“TCDC”), a joint venture between the Company, and Sharon AI, Inc., executed a purchase agreement (the “Agreement”) with Odessa Industrial Development Corporation d/b/a Grow Odessa, a Texas nonprofit corporation, with respect to the purchase by TCDC of approximately 235 acres in Ector County, Texas for a 250MW AI and HPC data center campus planned by TCDC. The closing of the transaction occurred on July 25, 2025.

On August 11, 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an amendment to the Company’s Articles of Incorporation to change the Company’s name from New Era Helium Inc. to New Era Energy & Digital, Inc. effective as of August 13, 2025. In connection with the name change, the Company’s trading symbol was changed from “NEHI” to “NUAI” for common stock and “NHECW” to ‘NUAIW” for warrants on August 13, 2025. The name change became effective upon the filing of a Certificate of Amendment with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion and analysis summarizes the significant factors affecting our operating results, financial condition, liquidity and cash flows as of and for the periods presented below. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Report. The discussion contains forward-looking statements that are based on the beliefs of management, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. Actual results could differ materially from those discussed in or implied by forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed below and elsewhere in this Report, particularly in the sections titled “Risk Factors” and “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” to “ECD,” “we”, “us”, “our”, and the “Company” are intended to refer to (i) following the Business Combination (as defined below), the business and operations of New Era Energy & Digital, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, and (ii) prior to the Business Combination, New Era Energy & Digital, Inc. (the predecessor entity in existence prior to the consummation of the Business Combination) and its consolidated subsidiary.

Business Overview and Strategy

NEW ERA is a corporation formed in Nevada on February 2, 2023. It is an exploration and production company whose primary operations include the exploration, development, and production of helium, natural gas, oil, and natural gas liquids. The Company sources helium produced in association with natural gas reserves located in Chaves County, New Mexico. To date, we have not generated any revenue from the production of helium. Although hydrocarbons are currently the Company’s primary source of revenues, our business model is moving from a hydrocarbon focus to a helium-focused model and centers on providing helium to various parties in the supply chain, namely helium refiners, non- refiners, Tier 1 multinational distributors, and smaller Tier 2 gas companies. We currently own and operate 137,000 acres in Southeast New Mexico and have 85,498 MMcfe of proved hydrocarbon reserves and 166,430 MMcfe of probable hydrocarbon reserves. In addition, the Company has approximately 422 MMcf of net proved undeveloped helium reserves and 788 MMcf of net probable undeveloped helium reserves.

On February 6, 2023, the Company entered into the Agreement with Solis Partners. Immediately prior to February 6, 2023, the Company was authorized to issue 190 million shares of common stock with par value of $0.001 per share and 10 million shares of preferred stock with par value of $0.001 per share. Subject to the terms of the Agreement, all issued and outstanding member interests in Solis Partners was automatically converted and exchanged for 5 million shares of the Company’s common stock. Presently, we operate through two subsidiaries, (i) Solis Partners, LLC, a Texas limited liability company (“Solis Partners”), wholly owned by the Company and engaged in the oil and gas producing business, and (ii) NEH Midstream LLC, a Texas limited liability company (“NEH Midstream”) wholly owned by the Company which will own and operate the Pecos Slope Plant and gathering system located in Chaves County, New Mexico.

Merger with Roth CH Acquisition V Co.

At the Closing, pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement and after giving effect to the redemption of shares of ROCL common stock:

The total consideration paid at the Closing (the “Merger Consideration”) by ROCL to New Era Helium Corp. security holders was 8,916,625 shares of common stock of Holdings.

Recent Developments

Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note

On January 16, 2025 (the “Issuance Date”), following the effectiveness of the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended, initially filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on December 30, 2024, and pursuant to the terms of the EPFA, we issued another Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note (the “Subsequent Note”) to the Investor in an aggregate principal amount of $3.0 million for an aggregate purchase price of $2.79 million after giving effect to a 7% original issue discount. The Subsequent Note is for a term of 15 months from the Issuance Date. Commencing on the ninetieth (90th) day following the Issuance Date and continuing on the same day of each successive calendar month until the entire outstanding principal amount has been repaid, we are required to make monthly payments to the holder of the Subsequent Note (the “Holder”). Each monthly payment will be in an amount equal to the sum of (i) one twelfth (1/12) of the initial aggregate principal of the Subsequent Note and all other notes issued pursuant to the EPFA, plus (ii) accrued and unpaid under the Subsequent Note as of each payment date. Interest accrues on the outstanding principal balance hereof at an initial annual rate equal to 10% (“Interest Rate”), which Interest Rate will increase to an annual rate of 18% upon the occurrence of an Event of Default (as defined in the Subsequent Note).

Conversion Rights

Conversion at Option of Holder. The Subsequent Note is convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”) at the option of the Investor at an initial conversion price of $10.00 per share (the “Conversion Price”). Subject to certain exceptions outlined in the Subsequent Note, including, but not limited to, equity issuances in connection with its equity incentive plan and certain strategic acquisitions, if the Company sells, enters into an agreement to sell, or grants any option to purchase, or sells, enters into an agreement to sell, or otherwise disposes of or issues (or announces any offer, sale, grant or any option to purchase or other disposition) any shares of Common Stock or any other securities that are at any time convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitle the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock, at an effective price per share less than the Conversion Price of the Subsequent Note then in effect, the Conversion Price will be reduced to equal the effective price per share in such dilutive issuance. The Conversion Price is also subject to a downward adjustment if an Event of Default occurs. The Conversion Price is subject to an initial floor price (the “Floor Price”) of $0.7176 per share of Common Stock; however, beginning on July 15, 2025 and on the same day of every six (6) months thereafter (each, a “Floor Price Reset Date”), the Floor Price will be reduced to 20% of the average volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such trading day on the primary market of the Common Stock during regular trading hours as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (the “VWAP”) during the five (5) trading days immediately prior to such Floor Price Reset Date. Additionally, the Company may reduce the Floor Price to any amount set forth in a written notice to the Holder, provided that any such reduction will be irrevocable and will not be subject to increase thereafter. The Company may prepay the Subsequent Note at its option, upon thirty (30) business days written notice, by paying a 10% redemption premium.

Redemption Rights

At any time, we may redeem in cash all, or any portion, of the Subsequent Note, in an amount equal to the outstanding principal balance being redeemed, plus a 10% premium in respect of such principal amount, plus all accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on such principal amount.

Event of Default Conversion. From and after the occurrence of an Event of Default, the Holder may elect to convert the Subsequent Note into shares of the Common Stock at the “Event of Default Conversion Price,” which is equal to the lower of:

●

The Conversion Price then in effect; and

●

90% of the lowest VWAP of the Common Stock during the ten (10) consecutive trading days immediately prior to the date on which we received written notice of such conversion from such holder, subject to the Floor Price.

Limitations on Conversion. A Holder shall not have the right to convert any portion of the Subsequent Note to the extent that, after giving effect to such conversion, the Holder (together with its related parties) would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% (the “Maximum Percentage”) of shares of our Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such conversion. The Maximum Percentage may be raised or lowered to any other percentage not in excess of 9.99%, at the option of the Holder, except that any increase will only be effective upon 61 days’ prior written notice to the Company.

Amended and Restated Equity Purchase Facility Agreement

On August 12, 2025, we entered into the Fourth Amended and Restated Equity Purchase Facility Agreement with an investor (the “Investor”). Pursuant to the EPFA, we have the right, and not the obligation, to sell to the Investor up to $1.0 billion of Common Stock, at our request during the commitment period commencing on December 6, 2025 and terminating on the first day of the month following the 36 month anniversary of December 6, 2025. Each issuance and sale by us to the Investor is subject to a maximum limit equal to the greater of (i) 400% of the aggregate volume traded of the Common Stock for the five trading days immediately preceding an advance notice and (ii) the quotient of $1,000,000 (or $2,000,000 if it is an Accelerated Purchase) divided by the opening price of the Common Stock on the trading day prior to the advance notice. The shares of Common Stock will be issued and sold to the Investor at a per share price equal to 95% of the lower of (i) the lowest trading price during the three consecutive trading days commencing on the advance notice date if a Regular Purchase (or the same trading day if an Accelerated Purchase) and (ii) the VWAP of the Common Stock during the applicable pricing period if a Regular Purchase (or the lowest daily VWAP if an Accelerated Purchase). “VWAP” means for any trading day, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such trading day on the principal market during regular trading hours as reported by Bloomberg L.P through its “AQR” function.

The advances are subject to certain limitations, including that the Investor cannot purchase any shares that would result in it beneficially owning more than 4.99% of the Common Stock at the time of an advance (the “Ownership Limitation”) or acquiring Common Stock in excess of the Exchange Cap. The Ownership Limitation may be raised or lowered to any other percentage not in excess of 9.99%, at the option of the Investor, except that any increase will only be effective upon 61 days’ prior written notice to the Company. The Exchange Cap will not apply under certain circumstances, including, where the Company has obtained stockholder approval to issue in excess of the Exchange Cap in accordance with the rules of Nasdaq or such issuances do not require stockholder approval under Nasdaq’s “minimum price rule.” Additionally, if the total number of Common Stock traded on Nasdaq during the applicable pricing period is less than the Volume Threshold (as defined below), then the number of Common Stock issued and sold pursuant to such advance notice will be reduced to the greater of (i) (A) 30% of the trading volume of the Common Stock on Nasdaq during the relevant pricing period as reported by Bloomberg L.P. for the Regular Purchase Pricing Period (as defined in the EPFA) and (B) 10% for the Accelerated Purchase Pricing Period (as defined in the EPFA); and (ii) the number of Common Stock sold by the Investor during such pricing period, but in each case not to exceed the amount requested in the advance notice. “Volume Threshold” is defined as a number of Common Stock equal to the quotient of (i) the number of shares in the advance notice requested by the Company divided by (ii) (x) 0.30 for the Regular Purchase Pricing Period or (y) 0.10 for the Accelerated Purchase Pricing Period.

The EPFA provides, among other things, that for so long as any amount remains outstanding under the Promissory Notes, if the Company submits an Advance Notice (as defined in the EPFA), then the aggregate purchase price owed to the Company from such Advance Notice (the “Advance Proceeds”) shall be paid by the Investor to the Company and used by the Company in accordance with Section 7.15 of the EPFA; provided, however, that any such Advance Notice that is submitted during any thirty (30) calendar day period preceding the date on which the Company is required to make a monthly payment pursuant to Sections 1(b) and 1(d) of the Promissory Notes (each such payment, a “Note Payment”), then without the prior written consent of the Investor, the Company may only submit such Advance Notice, if the Advance Proceeds are paid by the Investor by offsetting the amount of the Advance Proceeds against the full amount of the applicable Note Payment (first towards accrued and unpaid interest, then towards Payment Premiums (as defined in the Promissory Notes) (if applicable), and then towards outstanding principal), with any remaining Advance Proceeds to be paid by the Investor in cash to the Company and used by the Company in accordance with Section 7.15 of the EPFA. Furthermore, if there is any default under the Promissory Notes, the Company may only submit an Advance Notice with the prior consent of the Investor.

Each trading day during a Pricing Period (as defined in the EPFA) that is an Excluded Day (as defined in the EPFA), shall result in an automatic reduction to the number of Advance Shares set forth in such Advance Notice by (i) in the event of a Regular Purchase Pricing Period, one-third for each such Excluded Day, or (ii) in the event of an Accelerated Purchase Pricing Period or Extended Purchase Pricing Period, 100%. The EPFA also provides that the Company may not submit an Advance Notice, without the consent of the Investor, if the market price of the Company’s common stock immediately prior to submission is lower than 120% of the Floor Price then in effect.

Pursuant to the terms of the EPFA, the Floor Price is currently set at $0.7176 per Common Share, which is equal to 20% of the average five-day VWAP of the Common Shares on January 15, 2025, which is the date the Company’s resale registration statement on Form S-1 was declared effective. The EPFA further provides that, beginning on July 15, 2025 and on the same day of every six (6) months thereafter (each, a “Floor Price Reset Date”), the Floor Price shall be adjusted (downwards only) to 20% of the average VWAP of the common stock during the five (5) trading days immediately prior to such Floor Price Reset Date. Notwithstanding the foregoing and subject to the rules and regulations of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, the Company may reduce the Floor Price then in effect to any amount set forth in a written notice to the Investor; provided that such reduction shall be irrevocable and shall not be subject to increase thereafter.

The EPFA, among other things, permits the Company to select an Extended Purchase Pricing Period (as defined in the EPFA) which permits the Investor to effect sales of Shares pursuant to an Advance Notice during pre-market trading hours, amends the definition of Excluded Securities and includes other conforming and administrative changes.

Amendments to Promissory Notes

On May 5, 2024, the Company and the Investor entered into amendments to the Promissory Notes (the “Amended Notes”) which, among other things, provides that the Company may elect to defer the principal portion of the monthly payments that are due to the Investor in May 2025 June 2025 or July 2025 until on or before the Maturity Date of the respective Promissory Note in exchange for the payment of a deferral fee (the “Deferral Fee”) equal to 2.0% of the outstanding Principal on each of the Promissory Notes payable monthly until the deferred principal payments are paid in full. The Deferral Fee is payable 50% in cash and 50% as an addition to the outstanding Principal amount on the applicable payment date. If the Company elects to defer the principal portion of the monthly payments that are due to the Investor in May 2025 June 2025 or July 2025, it is still required to make a cash payment for all accrued and unpaid interest outstanding on the principal of the respective Promissory Notes on the applicable due date. The Amended Notes also provide that, if the Company elects to to defer the principal portion of the monthly payments that are due to the Holder in May 2025 June 2025 or July 2025, the Company’s failure to make the required interest payments for such months or to pay the Deferral Fee when due will constitute an Event of Default under the Promissory Notes.

Limited Liability Company Agreement

On January 21, 2025, we entered into a Limited Liability Company Agreement (the “LLC Agreement”) with SharonAI for the creation of Texas Critical Data Centers LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and joint venture of the Company and SharonAI (the “Joint Venture”). Pursuant to the terms of the LLC Agreement, the purpose of the Joint Venture is to engage in (i) the purchase, building, and development of a site in Texas with an initial 250 MW gas-fired power plant and corresponding data center, and (ii) the operation of this site and (iii) any and all lawful activities necessary or incidental thereto.

The Company made a $75,000 contribution to the Joint Venture on April 16, 2025. On July 16, 2025, the Company made an additional contribution of $750,000.

Letter of Intent

On February 27, 2025, we issued a press release announcing its intention, along with its joint venture partner, Sharon AI, Inc., to acquire a 200-Acre Site for 250MW Net-Zero AI Data Center in the Permian Basin.

Notice of Delisting

On March 4, 2025, we received a letter from Nasdaq (the “Notice”) which notified the Company that, for 30 consecutive business days, the Company’s market value of listed securities (“MVLS”) closed below the $50,000,000 MVLS threshold required for continued listing on the Nasdaq Global Market under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5450(b)(2)(A) (the “MVLS Rule”).

Departure of Chief Financial Officer

On April 22, 2025, Michael J. Rugen resigned as the Chief Financial Officer of the Company with an effective date of May 31, 2025 (the “Effective Date”). Mr. Rugen’s resignation was not the result of any disagreement between him and the Company, the Board of Directors, or any committee of the Board of Directors of the Company on any matter.

Departure of Directors

On May 30, 2025, William H. Flores resigned as a member of the Board of the Company with an effective date of May 30, 2025. Mr. Flores’ resignation was not the result of any disagreement between him and the Company, the Board of Directors, or any committee of the Board of Directors on any matter.

On May 28, 2025, Phil Kornbluth resigned as a member of the Board of Directors of the Company with an effective date of May 28, 2025. Mr. Kornbluth’s resignation was not the result of any disagreement between him and the Company, the Board of Directors, or any committee of the Board of Directors on any matter. Mr. Kornbluth indicated that he would make himself available after the Effective Date to provide consulting services, as requested by the Company.

Also on May 28, 2025, Stan Boroweic resigned as a member of the Board of Directors of the Company with an effective date of May 28, 2025. Mr. Boroweic’s resignation was not the result of any disagreement between him and the Company, the Board of Directors, or any committee of the Board of Directors on any matter. The Company will be seeking a suitable replacement for Mr. Boroweic in due course.

Appointment of Directors

The Company has announced the appointment of three new members of its board of directors to fill vacancies left by recent resignations. Effective June 25, 2025, the new board members include Trent Yang, Peter “P.J.” Lee, and Ondrej Sestak. Mr. Yang will serve as the Audit Committee Chairman and as a Compensation Committee Member, Mr. Lee will serve as an Audit Committee Member and Mr. Sestak will serve as a Compensation Committee Member.

Key Factors Affecting Results of Operations

We have set out below a discussion of the key factors that have affected our financial performance and that are expected to impact our performance going forward. These factors present significant opportunities for us but also pose risks and challenges, including those discussed below and in the section of this Report titled “Risk Factors”.

Principal Components of Results of Operations

We operate our business within a single reportable segment, which is consistent with how our management reviews our business, makes investment and resource allocation decisions, and assesses operating performance. Management primarily reviews total assets and income (loss) from operations of the single reportable segment.

Revenues, net

The Company sells its oil to a single purchaser on a monthly basis, pursuant to a purchase agreement (the “Oil Purchase Agreement”), at a price based on an index price from the purchaser. The Oil Purchase Agreement with continue on a month-to-month basis thereafter unless and until terminated by the Company or the purchaser with a 30-day advance notice. Oil that is produced from the Company’s wells is stored in tank batteries located on the Company’s lease. When the purchaser’s truck connects to the storage tank and oil enters the truck, control of the oil is transferred to the purchaser, the Company’s obligations are satisfied, and revenue is recognized.

We currently sell our natural gas and natural gas liquids to IACX Energy, Inc. (“IACX”), a processor, pursuant to that certain Marketing Agreement, at a price based on an index price from the purchaser, which expired on May 31, 2024. This agreement currently continues on a month-to-month basis unless and until terminated by the Company or the purchaser with a 30-day advance notice. IACX processes our gas for natural gas liquids and other usable components in its facilities. We receive value for our natural gas and any associated natural gas liquids as further defined as hydrocarbons pursuant to the Marketing Agreement. Although the company produces helium alongside its natural gas, IACX does not compensate us for our helium produced under our existing contract. To date, we have not generated any revenue from the production of helium.

Under our natural gas and natural gas liquid contracts with processors, when the unprocessed natural gas is delivered at the sales meter, control of the gas is transferred to the purchaser, the Company’s obligations are satisfied, and revenue is recognized. In the cases where the Company sells to a processor, management has determined that the processors are customers. The Company recognizes the revenue in these contracts based on the net proceeds received from the processor.

The Company will sell its helium to two purchasers, each purchasing 50% of the helium production under a 10-year contract. One of the contracts will commence upon delivery of gaseous helium production at the tailgate of the processing plant. The other contract will commence upon delivery of liquid helium from the Keyes Helium Company liquefaction plant located in Keyes, OK. For the gaseous helium sales contract, when the gaseous helium is loaded into the gaseous helium trailer, control of the helium is transferred to the purchaser. For the liquid helium sales contract, once the helium has been liquified and loaded into the liquid helium trailer, control of the helium is transferred to the purchaser, the Company’s obligations are satisfied, and revenue is recognized.

The Company has no unsatisfied performance obligations at the end of each reporting period.

Lease operating expenses

Lease operating expenses represent costs incurred in operations of producing properties and workover costs. The majority of these costs are comprised of labor costs, production taxes, compression, workover, and repair costs.

Depletion, depreciation, amortization, and accretion

The Company follows the full cost accounting method to account for oil and natural gas properties, whereby costs incurred in the acquisition, exploration and development of oil and gas reserves are capitalized. Such costs include lease acquisition, geological and geophysical activities, rentals on nonproducing leases, drilling, completing and equipping of oil and gas wells, administrative costs directly attributable to those activities and asset retirement costs. The Company records depletion expense for oil and natural gas properties on a units of production basis over the life of the full cost pool’s reserves. The Company records depreciation expense for computer equipment and furniture and fixtures over a useful life of five years. The Company records depreciation expense for leasehold improvement over a useful life of five to fifteen years. The Company will record depreciation expense for the processing plant over its estimated useful life. Depreciation on the processing plant will commence once the procession plant is put into service.

General and administrative costs

General and administrative costs primarily include costs incurred for overhead, consisting of payroll and benefits for the Company’s corporate staff, contractor and consulting costs, stock compensation expenses, accounting and legal costs, and office rent.

Gain on sale of assets

Gain on sale of assets consists of gains recorded on significant sales of oil and natural gas properties. As a full cost company, disposition of oil and natural gas properties are accounted for as a reduction of capitalized costs, with no gain or loss recognized unless such adjustment would significantly alter the relationship between capital costs and proved reserves of oil and gas, in which case the gain or loss is recognized to operations.

Other income and expense

Other income and expenses primarily include income and expenses associated with interest, gains or losses recorded on certain transactions, and fees charged by the Company to operate properties on behalf of a third party on a short term. Our interest income relates to interest earned on certificate of deposit associated with operating bonds. Our interest expenses are primarily associated with interest due on notes outstanding. Our other income and expense primarily consists of gains and losses recorded on certain transactions as well as operating fees charged by the Company.

Income taxes

The Company reviews its deferred tax assets for recoverability and establishes a valuation allowance based on projected future taxable income, applicable tax strategies and the expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not (likelihood of greater than 50 percent) that some portion or all the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company recorded a valuation allowance as of $4,248,911 and $2,487,466 for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024, respectively.

The Company records any tax-related interest charges as interest expense and any tax-related penalties as other expense in the consolidated statements of operations of which there have been none to date. The Company is also subject to Texas Margin Tax. The Company realized no Texas Margin Tax in the accompanying consolidated financial statements as we do not anticipate owing any Texas Margin Tax for the periods presented.

Stock-based compensation

The Company accounts for its stock-based compensation awards in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”). ASC 718 requires all stock-based payments to employees and non-employees including grants of stock options, to be recognized as expense in the statements of operations based on their grant date fair values. The Company periodically issues common stock and common stock options to consultants for various services. Costs of these transactions are measured at the fair value of the service received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. The value of the common stock is measured at the earlier of (i) the date at which a firm commitment for performance by the counterparty to earn the equity instruments is reached or (ii) the date at which the counterparty’s performance is complete.

Results of Operations

To provide readers with meaningful comparisons, the following analysis provides comparisons of the financial results for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. We analyze and explain the differences between periods in the specific line items of the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income.

The Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to the Three Months Ended June 30, 2024

The following table sets forth our results of operations for the periods presented:

	For the three months ended
	June 30,						Variance			Variance
	2025			2024			($)			(%)
Revenue, net:
Oil, natural gas, and product sales, net	$	209,114		$	20,377		$	188,737			926.2	%
Total revenues, net		209,114			20,377			188,737			926.2	%

Costs and expenses:
Lease operating expenses		308,385			225,368			83,017			36.8	%
Depletion, depreciation, amortization, and accretion		232,018			255,149			(23,131	)		(9.1	)%
General and administrative expenses		1,532,520			1,043,122			489,398			46.9	%
Total costs and expenses		2,072,923			1,523,639			549,284			36.1	%
Loss from operations		(1,863,809	)		(1,503,262	)		(360,547	)		24.0	%

Other income (expense):
Interest income		10,948			8,074			2,874			35.6	%
Interest expense		(1,515,986	)		(79,484	)		(1,436,502	)		1,807.3	%
Change in fair value of derivative asset		156,659			—			156,659			100.0	%
Change in fair value of derivative liability		(99,274	)		—			(99,274	)		100.0	%
Other, net		(294,542	)		66,799			(361,341	)		(540.9	)%
Total other income (loss)		(1,742,195	)		(4,611	)		(1,737,584	)		37,683.5	%
Loss before income taxes		(3,606,004	)		(1,507,873	)		(2,098,131	)		139.1	%

Benefit for income taxes		—			418,114			(418,114	)		(100.0	)%
Net loss	$	(3,606,004	)	$	(1,089,759	)	$	(2,516,245	)		230.9	%

Net Revenue by Product Category

The following table summarizes the Company’s net audited consolidated revenues disaggregated by product category:

	Three Months Ended
	June 30,
	2025		2024			Change			Change %
Natural Gas, net	$	145,539	$	(22,291	)	$	167,830			(752.9	)%
NGL		63,575		73,630			(10,055	)		(13.7	)%
Oil		—		(30,962	)		30,962			(100.0	)%
Total revenues, net	$	209,114	$	20,377		$	188,737			926.2	%

Natural Gas represented 69.6% of the revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to (109.4) % for the three months ended June 30, 2024, and increased $167,830 for the three months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024. The primary drivers of the revenue increase for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 was a $165,000 increase related to a $0.71 per mcf increase in gas prices net of processing and transportation.

NGLs represented 30.4% of the revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to 361.3% for the three months ended June 30, 2024, and decreased $10,055 for the three months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to three months ended June 30, 2024. The primary driver of the revenue decrease for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 was a $22,000 decrease related to a $17.58 per Bbl decrease in NGL prices, partially offset by a $12,000 increase related to a 180 Bbl increase in NGL volumes.

No revenue was generated from Oil for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to (151.9) % for the three months ended June 30, 2024, and increased $30,962 for the three months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to three months ended June 30, 2024. The primary driver of the revenue increase for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 was the sale of the Company’s oil properties during 2024.

Operating Expenses

	Three Months Ended
	June 30,
	2025		2024		Change			Change %
Costs and expenses:
Lease operating expenses	$	308,385	$	225,368	$	83,017			36.8	%
Depletion, depreciation, amortization and accretion		232,018		255,149		(23,131	)		(9.1	)%
General and administrative expenses		1,532,520		1,043,122		489,398			46.9	%
Total costs and expenses	$	2,072,923	$	1,523,639	$	549,284			36.1	%

The Company experienced an overall increase in operating expenses of $549,284 for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024.

For the three months ended June 30, 2025, lease operating expenses increased $83,017, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024. This increase was primarily attributable to a $60,000 increase related to amortization during 2025 of a standby retainer, consulting, and services agreement and a $59,000 increase related to an increase in field location work.

General and administrative expenses increased $489,398 during the three months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024. The primary drivers for the increase was a $242,000 increase in Directors and Officers Insurance Costs, a $141,500 increase in public company related filing costs, a $102,500 increase in employee compensation and benefit costs, a $97,000 increase in board member compensation, and a $72,000 increase in advertising and marketing costs, partially offset by $166,000 decrease related to an assignment of certain properties located in Chaves County, New Mexico as compensation expense.

For the three months ended June 30, 2025, depletion, depreciation, amortization and accretion expense decreased $23,131, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024. This decrease was primarily due to a $39,000 decrease in depletion expense related to lower sales volumes and a decrease in the depletion rates, partially offset by a $14,000 increase in accretion expense associated with Asset Retirement Obligations.

Other (Expense)Income

	Three Months Ended
	June 30,
	2025			2024			Change			Change %
Interest income		10,948			8,074			2,874			35.6	%
Interest expense		(1,515,986	)		(79,484	)		(1,436,502	)		1,807.3	%
Change in fair value of derivative asset		156,659			—			156,659			100.0	%
Change in fair value of derivative liability		(99,274	)		—			(99,274	)		100.0	%
Other, net		(294,542	)		66,799			(361,341	)		(540.9	)%
Total other income (loss)	$	(1,742,195	)		(4,611	)		(1,737,584	)		37,683.5	%

For the three months ended June 30, 2025, interest income increased $2,874, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024, primarily due to an increase on interest earned on certificates of deposit.

For the three months ended June 30, 2025, interest expense increased $1,515,986, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024, primarily due to $1,436,502 increase related to amortization of the debt discount and debt issuance costs, and a $78,000 increase in interest expense related to excise and withholding taxes, partially offset by a $14,000 decrease in interest expense related to the Beaufort Acquisitions note and a $21,000 decrease related to interest expense associated with the Bridge Financing Debentures. Both the Beaufort Acquisition note and the Bridge Financing Debentures were paid off in December 2024.

For the three months ended June 30, 2025, change in the fair value of the derivative asset increased $156,659, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024, and change in fair value of derivative liabilities increased $99,274 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024.

For the three months ended June 30, 2025, other income (expense) decreased $361,341 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024, primarily due to a $294,000 increase in penalties associated with late payment on excise and withholding tax, and a $67,000 decrease in fees to operate properties charged to the purchaser of certain properties, previously owned by the Company, located in Chaves County, NM that were sold effective July 2023.

The Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024

The following table sets forth our results of operations for the periods presented:

	For the six months ended
	June 30,						Variance			Variance
	2025			2024			($)			(%)
Revenue, net:
Oil, natural gas, and product sales, net	$	535,569		$	349,588		$	185,981			53.2	%
Total revenues, net		535,569			349,588			185,981			53.2	%

Costs and expenses:
Lease operating expenses		568,865			728,927			(160,062	)		(22.0	)%
Depletion, depreciation, amortization, and accretion		430,427			499,193			(68,766	)		(13.8	)%
General and administrative expenses		3,469,174			1,788,186			1,680,988			94.0	%
Total costs and expenses		4,468,466			3,016,306			1,452,160			48.1	%
Loss from operations		(3,932,897	)		(2,666,718	)		(1,266,179	)		47.5	%

Other income (expense):
Interest income		26,328			24,668			1,660			6.7	%
Interest expense		(2,958,108	)		(139,822	)		(2,818,286	)		2,015.6	%
Change in fair value of derivative asset		141,256			—			141,256			100.0	%
Change in fair value of derivative liability		91,703			—			91,703			100.0	%
Other, net		(294,542	)		133,597			(428,139	)		(320.5	)%
Total other income (loss)		(2,993,363	)		18,443			(3,011,806	)		(16,330.3	)%
Loss before income taxes		(6,926,260	)		(2,648,275	)		(4,277,985	)		161.5	%

Benefit for income taxes		—			699,484			(699,484	)		(100.0	)%
Net loss	$	(6,926,260	)	$	(1,948,791	)	$	(4,977,469	)		255.4	%

Net Revenue by Product Category

The following table summarizes the Company’s net audited consolidated revenues disaggregated by product category:


	Six Months Ended
	June 30,
	2025		2024		Change			Change %
Natural Gas, net	$	425,603	$	185,309	$	240,294			129.7	%
NGL		109,966		139,679		(29,713	)		(21.3	)%
Oil		—		24,600		(24,600	)		(100.0	)%
Total revenues, net	$	535,569	$	349,588	$	185,981			53.2	%

Natural Gas represented 79.5 % of the revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to 53.0% for the six months ended June 30, 2024, and increased $240,294 for the six months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. The primary drivers of the revenue increase for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 was a $266,000 increase related to a $0.62 per mcf increase in gas prices net of processing and transportation, partially offset by a $26,000 decrease related to a 68 MMcf decrease in gas volumes.

NGLs represented 20.5% of the revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to 40% for the six months ended June 30, 2024, and decreased $29,713 for the six months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to six months ended June 30, 2024. The primary driver of the revenue decrease for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 was a $25,000 decrease related to a $12.31 per Bbl decrease in NGL prices, and a $5,000 decrease related to a 68 Bbl decrease in NGL volumes.

No revenue was generated from Oil for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to 7.0% for the six months ended June 30, 2024, and decreased $24,600 for the six months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to six months ended June 30, 2024. The primary driver of the revenue decrease for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 was the sale of the Company’s oil properties during 2024.

Operating Expenses

	Six Months Ended
	June 30,
	2025		2024		Change			Change %
Costs and expenses:
Lease operating expenses	$	568,865	$	728,927	$	(160,062	)		(22.0	)%
Depletion, depreciation, amortization and accretion		430,427		499,193		(68,766	)		(13.8	)%
General and administrative expenses		3,469,174		1,788,186		1,680,988			94.0	%
Total costs and expenses	$	4,468,466	$	3,016,306	$	1,452,160			48.1	%

The Company experienced an overall increase in operating expenses of $1,452,160 for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024.

For the six months ended June 30, 2025, lease operating expenses decreased $160,062, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. This decrease was primarily attributable to a $213,000 decrease in location, workover and repair costs, partially offset by a $120,000 increase related to amortization during 2025 of a standby retainer, consulting, and services agreement.

General and administrative expenses increased $1,680,988 during the six months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. The primary drivers for the increase was $595,000 increase in public relations and marketing cost, a $483,000 increase in Directors and Officers Insurance Costs, a $246,000 increase in employee compensation and benefit costs, a $176,500 increase in public company related filing costs and exchange fee, a $160,000 increase related to board member compensation, and $151,000 increase in audit related costs, partially offset by $166,000 decrease related to an assignment of certain properties located in Chaves County, New Mexico as compensation expense.

For the six months ended June 30, 2025, depletion, depreciation, amortization and accretion expense decreased $68,766, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. This decrease was primarily due to a $95,999 decrease in depletion expense related to lower sales volumes and a decrease in the depletion rates, partially offset by a $19,347 increase in accretion expense associated with Asset Retirement Obligations.

Other (Expense) Income

	Six Months Ended
	June 30,
	2025			2024			Change			Change %
Interest income	$	26,328			24,668			1,660			6.7	%
Interest expense		(2,958,108	)		(139,822	)		(2,818,286	)		2,015.6	%
Change in fair value of derivative asset		141,256			—			141,256			100.0	%
Change in fair value of derivative liability		91,703			—			91,703			100.0	%
Other, net		(294,542	)		133,597			(428,139	)		(320.5	)%
Total other income (loss)	$	(2,993,363	)		18,443			(3,011,806	)		(16,330.3	)%

For the six months ended June 30, 2025, interest income increased $1,660, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily due to interest earned on certificates of deposit.

For the six months ended June 30, 2025, interest expense increased $2,818,286 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily due to $2,344,697 increase related to amortization of the debt discount and debt issuance costs and interest associated with note, and a $78,000 increase in interest expense related to excise and withholding taxes, partially offset by a $29,000 decrease in interest expense related to the Beaufort Acquisitions note and a $27,000 decrease related to interest expense associated with the Bridge Financing Debentures. Both the Beaufort Acquisition note and the Bridge Financing Debentures were paid off in December 2024.

For the six months ended June 30, 2025, change in the fair value of the derivative asset increased $141,256, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024, and change in fair value of derivative liabilities increased $91,703 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024.

For the six months ended June 30, 2025, other expense increased $428,139 to an expense of $294,542 from other income of $133,597 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily due to penalties for withholding and excise tax of $295,000 recorded for the six month ended June 30, 2025, and a $134,000 decrease in fees to operate properties charged to the purchaser of certain properties, previously owned by the Company, located in Chaves County, NM that were sold effective July 2023.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Uses and Availability of Funds

We measure our liquidity in a number of ways, including cash balances on hand, working capital, and operating cash flows.

We had a cash balance of $5,199,825 as of June 30, 2025. We also had a working capital deficit of $3,384,529 as of June 30, 2025.

Since our inception, the Company’s primary sources of liquidity have been cash flow from operations, contributions from members, and borrowings. The Company is in the process of securing a project financing arrangement to fund construction of a processing plant, the construction or acquisition of a gather system, and a production enhancement program that will consist of workovers, recompletions, new drilling, or acquisition of properties. In connection with the closing of the Business Combination on December 6, 2024, the Company and the EPFA Investor entered into the EPFA. Pursuant to the EPFA, the Company has the right to issue and sell to the EPFA Investor, and the EPFA Investor must purchase from the Company, up to an aggregate of $1.0 billion (the “Commitment Amount”) in newly issued shares (the “Advance Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain conditions. The EFPA also provides for the issuance of two pre-paid advances in the aggregate amount of $10 million, the first pre-paid advance in the amount of $7 million, which was drawn by the Company on December 6, 2024, and the second pre-paid advance in the amount of $3 million, which was drawn by the Company on January 16, 2025, each of which is evidenced by a senior secured convertible promissory note (each, a “Convertible Note”), which is convertible into shares of common stock.

The Company is making payments of principal and interest on the Convertible Notes and the Company’s general and administrative expenses through funds received from shares sold under the EFPA. The Company’s share price has significantly declined and as a result, management has concern about the Company’s ability to sell sufficient shares under the EFPA at high enough prices to produce cash flow to meet its obligations within the assessment period as necessary. The Company may need to raise additional financing thorough loans. The Company cannot provide any assurance that the new financing will be available to it on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. If the Company is unable to raise additional capital, The Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition would be materially and adversely affected. As a result, in connection with the Company’s assessment of going concern considerations in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-15, “Disclosures of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern”, Management has determined management that the Company’s liquidity condition raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern through the twelve months following the issuance date of the June 30, 2025, financial statements. These consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recovery of the recorded assets or the classification of the liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

Our primary operations include the exploration, development, and production of helium, natural gas, oil, and natural gas liquids (“NGLs”). The Company’s producing oil and gas assets and non-producing acreage are primarily located in Chaves County, New Mexico. The Company also owns overriding royalty interests located in Howard County, Texas.

Cash Flows

Cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

The following table summarizes our cash flow activity for the periods presented:

	Six Months Ended
	June 30,
	2025			2024
Cash Provided By (Used In)
Operating Activities	$	(4,679,487	)	$	(1,070,183	)
Investing Activities		(877,546	)		(200,000	)
Financing Activities		9,703,114			1,179,028
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	$	4,146,081		$	(91,155	)

Net cash used in operating activities

Operating activities used cash of $4,679,487 for the six months ended June 30, 2025. Net loss of $6,926,260 was affected by depletion, depreciation, amortization, and accretion of $430,427, amortization of debt discount of $2,344,697 and accrued interest on note payable and other liabilities of $86,330, offset by change in fair value of derivative asset of $141,256, change in fair value of derivative liability of $91,703 and interest income on investments and notes receivable of $26,328. Changes in operating assets and liabilities used $355,394 of cash for operating activities.

Operating activities used cash of $1,070,183 for the six months ended June 30, 2024. Net loss of $1,948,791 was affected by depletion, depreciation, amortization, and accretion of $499,194, accrued interest on note payable and other current liabilities of $101,953, offset by deferred tax benefit of $699,484, and interest income on investments and notes receivable of $24,669. Changes in operating assets and liabilities used $835,165 of cash for operating activities.

Net cash used in investing activities

Investing activities used cash of $877,546 for the six months ended June 30, 2025, related to the purchase of property, plant and equipment of $802,546 and investment in joint venture of $75,000.

Investing activities used cash of $200,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2024, related to the purchasing of property, plant and equipment and the purchase of oil and natural gas properties.

Net cash provided by financing activities

Financing activities provided cash of $9,703,114 for the six months ended June 30, 2025, related to proceeds from the convertible note of $2,790,000 and issuance of common stock of $8,413,964 offset by repayment on the convertible notes of $1,416,667 and debt issuance costs of $84,183.

Financing activities provided cash of $1,179,028 for the six months ended June 30, 2024, related to the proceeds from note payable of $1,089,528, proceeds from related party of $77,500 and the issuance of common stock of $12,000.

Indebtedness

As of June 30, 2025, the Company had $10,583,333 in outstanding loans and financing, excluding accounts payable and accrued interest. The following is a description of our material indebtedness.

These descriptions are only summaries and do not purport to describe all of the terms of the financing arrangements that may be important.

The table below reflects the Company indebtedness as of June 30, 2025:

	Principal Amount		Maturity Date			Interest Rate
Airlife Gases	$	2,000,000			(1)		8.0	%
Convertible Note (2)	$	5,950,583		March 6, 2026			10.0	%
Subsequent Note (3)	$	2,805,275		April 15, 2026			10.0	%
Total	$	10,755,858

(1)	The earlier of May 30, 2027 or 18 months after commencement date as defined the Purchase and Sale Agreement between NEH Midstream and AirLife dated August 25, 2024. As of June 30, 2025, the Company has accrued $ 304,153 of interest on this note. If the Commencement Date has not occurred by November 30, 2025, for any reason, the Buyer has the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement. The Company does not anticipate the Commencement Date to occur by November 30, 2025 and expects the Buyer to terminate the agreement at that time. The company would be obligated to pay the outstanding balance within five days, therefore has recorded this note and associated interest as a current liability.
(2)	The amounts noted in the above table for the Convertible Note reflect principal payments made in February 2025 in the amount $1,166,667.
(3)	The amounts noted in the above table for the Subsequent Note reflect principal payments made in February 2025 in the amount $250,000.

Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations

The following is a summary of our contractual obligations as of June 30, 2025:

	Less than 1 Year		1-3 Years		3 – 5 Years		Total
Note Payable – Air Life (1)	$	2,000,000	$	—	$	—	$	2,000,000
Convertible and Subsequent Notes	$	8,755,858	$	—	$	—	$	8,755,858

(1)

This note carries an annual interest rate of 8%. As of June 30, 2025, the Company has accrued $304,153 of interest on this note. If the Commencement Date has not occurred by November 30, 2025, for any reason, the Buyer has the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement. The Company does not anticipate the Commencement Date to occur by November 30, 2025 and expects the Buyer to terminate the agreement at that time. The company would be obliged to pay the outstanding balance within five days, therefore has recorded this note and associated interest as a current liability.

Seasonality

We typically do not experience seasonality in our operations.

Related Party Transactions

The Company has related party transactions consisting of accounts payable as of June 30, 2025. These balances were related to reimbursement due for business-related travel expenses for the CEO and CFO.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosure (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. This ASU requires public business entities to disclose, in interim and annual reporting periods, additional information about certain expenses in the notes to the financial statements. The amendments in the ASU are effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is still evaluating the effect of the adoption of this guidance.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The Company prepares its consolidated financial statements for inclusion in this Report in accordance with GAAP. See Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The following is a discussion of the Company’s most critical accounting estimates, judgments and uncertainties that are inherent in the Company’s application of GAAP.

Reserves.

The Company’s proved reserve information as of June 30, 2025 and 2024 was prepared by the Company’s independent petroleum engineers. Because these estimates depend on many assumptions, all of which may substantially differ from future actual results, proved reserve estimates will be different from the quantities of oil and natural gas that are ultimately recovered. In addition, results of drilling, testing and production after the date of an estimate may justify material revisions, positively or negatively, to the estimate of proved reserves. The Company’s estimates of proved reserves materially impact DD&A expense. If the estimates of proved reserves decline, the rate at which the Company records DD&A expense will increase, reducing future net income. Such a decline may result from lower commodity prices, which may make it uneconomical to drill for and produce higher cost fields. In addition, a decline in proved reserve estimates may impact the outcome of the Company’s ceiling test calculations of its proved properties for impairment.

Asset Retirement Obligations.

The Company has significant obligations to remove tangible equipment and facilities and to restore the land at the end of oil and natural gas production operations. The Company’s removal and restoration obligations are primarily associated with plugging and abandoning wells. Estimating the future restoration and removal costs is difficult and requires management to make estimates and judgments because most of the removal obligations are many years in the future and in some cases have vague descriptions of what constitutes removal. Asset removal technologies and costs are constantly changing, as are regulatory, political, environmental, safety and public relations considerations. Inherent in the present value calculation are numerous assumptions and judgments including the ultimate settlement amounts, credit-adjusted discount rates, timing of settlement and changes in the legal, regulatory, environmental and political environments. To the extent future revisions to these assumptions impact the present value of the existing asset retirement obligations, a corresponding adjustment is generally made to the crude oil and natural gas property balance.

Deferred Tax Asset Valuation Allowance.

The Company continually assesses both positive and negative evidence for recoverability of its deferred tax assets and based on projected future taxable income, applicable tax strategies and the expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences, the Company has established a valuation allowance of $3,384,508 for the six months ended June 30, 2025. There can be no assurance that facts and circumstances will not materially change and require the Company to revise this valuation allowance in a future period.

Stock-based Compensation.

The Company calculates the fair value of stock-based compensation using various valuation methods. The Company determination on the appropriate valuation method requires the use of estimates to derive the inputs necessary to determine fair value. Costs of these transactions are measured at the fair value of the service received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measurable.

Warrants

Related parties

Management approves all material related-party transactions. Management considers the details of each new, existing or proposed related party transaction, including the terms of the transaction, the business purpose of the transaction, and the benefits to the Company and the relevant related party. In determining whether to approve a related party transaction, the following factors are considered: (1) if the terms are fair to the Company, (2) if there are business reasons to enter into the transaction, or (3) if the transaction would present an improper conflict of interest for any officer.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

●

Level 1 — Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access. Valuation adjustments and block discounts are not applied to Level 1 instruments. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of these products does not entail a significant degree of judgment;

●

Level 2 — Valuations based on one or more quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly; and

●

Level 3 — Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.

Commitments and Contingencies

Environmental Matters

Irrevocable Standby Letter of Credit and Promissory Note

On October 29, 2021, the Company entered into an amendment of the LOC a new promissory note, increasing the amount to $425,000 with variable interest initially of 4.25% per annum and maturing on September 29, 2025. On January 1, 2022, and March 29, 2022, the LOC was amended, and new promissory notes were executed increasing the amount to $650,000 and $920,000, respectively. As of June 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, no amount was drawn down under the LOC.

Limited Liability Company Agreement

We paid the $75,000 contribution to the Joint Venture on April 16, 2025. On July 16, 2025, the Company made an additional contribution of $750,000.

Subsequent Events

Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement Amendment to Employment Agreement

As previously reported, New Era Energy & Digital, Inc., a Nevada corporation (“NEW ERA” or the “Officer” (the “Company”), and E. Will Gray, II, its Chief Executive Executive”), are parties to that certain Employment Agreement dated as of April 15, 2024 (the “Agreement”). On July 16, 2025, NEW ERA and the Executive entered into an amendment to the Agreement (the “Amendment”) to provide for, among other things, the reimbursement of certain relocation expenses and housing expenses for the Executive.

On July 2, 2025, Matheson Tri-Gas, Inc. terminated its Gaseous Helium Agreement with the Company. This termination was a result of the Pecos Slope Plant not commencing operation as of July 1, 2025.

On July 2, 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the issuance of 1,213,643 share of common stock and options to purchase 765,000 shares of common stock.

As previously reported, New Era Energy & Digital, Inc., a Nevada corporation (“NEW ERA” or the “Company”), and an institutional investor (the “Investor”), entered into that certain Equity Purchase Facility Agreement, dated as of December 6, 2024, as amended and restated by that certain Amended and Restated Equity Purchase Facility Agreement dated as of February 21, 2025 and the Second Amended and Restated Equity Purchase Facility Agreement dated as of May 5, 2025 (the “Existing EPFA”).

On July 17, 2025, Texas Critical Data Centers LLC (“TCDC”), a joint venture between New Era Energy & Digital, Inc. (“NEW ERA” or the “Company”), and Sharon AI, Inc., executed a purchase agreement (the “Agreement”) with Odessa Industrial Development Corporation d/b/a Grow Odessa, a Texas nonprofit corporation, with respect to the purchase by TCDC of approximately 235 acres in Ector County, Texas for a 250MW AI and HPC data center campus planned by TCDC. The closing of the transaction occurred on July 25, 2025. On August 13, 2025, the Company changed its name from New Era Helium, Inc. to New Era Energy & Digital, Inc. In addition, the Company also changed its trading symbol for common stock from NEHC to NUAI and for warrants from NHECW to NUAIW.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide the information required by this Item.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act, management has evaluated, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures in effect as of June 30, 2025, the end of the period covered by this Report, using the Internal Control Integrated Framework (“ICIF”) by COSO. Management selected the ICIF framework for its evaluation as it is a control framework recognized by the SEC and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board that is free from bias, permits reasonably consistent qualitative and quantitative measurement of our internal controls, is sufficiently complete so that relevant controls are not omitted and is relevant to an evaluation of internal controls over financial reporting. As a result of management’s evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at a reasonable assurance level as of June 30, 2025, or as of the date of the filing of this Report.

Our disclosure controls and procedures, including internal controls over financial reporting were not effective as of June 30, 2025, or as of the date of filing of this Report, because Management did not adequately evaluate and test its controls and procedures. The Company recently closed the Business Combination on December 6, 2024 and started trading on December 9, 2024. Prior to the business combination transaction, we were a private company with limited accounting personnel and other resources with which to address our internal controls over financial reporting. As a result, we were not able to rely upon the disclosure controls and procedures that were in place as of June 30, 2025, or as of the date of this filing, and therefore have a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting.

Implementation of Controls

During late 2023 and 2024, the Company initiated the process to develop and implement its internal controls over financial reporting. This included the documentation of processes and identification of existing controls and development of new controls. In addition, in order to address segregation of duties issues as a result of the Company’s limited accounting staff, the Company engaged a third party to assist in the monthly and quarterly accounting, a third party to assist in the evaluation of appropriate accounting treatment and disclosures related to complex transactions and new pronouncements, and a third party to assist in accounting for income taxes. The Company also is reviewing its plans to engage a third party to assist in the development, evaluation, testing and monitoring of its internal controls over financial reporting. As of June 30, 2025, or as of the date of this filing, the Company has received proposals from third parties to assist in its internal controls over financial reporting and is currently evaluating those proposals.

The process of designing and implementing effective internal controls is a continuous effort that requires us to anticipate and react to changes in our business and the economic and regulatory environments and to expend significant resources to maintain a system of internal controls that is adequate to satisfy our reporting obligations as a public company. The elements of our remediation plan can only be accomplished over time, and we can offer no assurance that these initiatives will ultimately have the intended effects.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

We are not party to any material legal proceedings. From time to time, we may be involved in legal proceedings or subject to claims incident to the ordinary course of business. The outcome of litigation is inherently uncertain, and there can be no assurances that favorable outcomes will be obtained. In addition, regardless of the outcome, such proceedings or claims can have an adverse impact on us, which may be material because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of resources and other factors.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

The risks described under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, future prospects, and the trading price of our Class A Common Stock. The risks and uncertainties described therein are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of or that we currently deem immaterial may also become important factors that adversely affect our business.

You should carefully read and consider such risks, together with all of the other information in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (including the disclosures in the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and in our consolidated financial statements and related notes), and in the other documents that we file with the SEC.

There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

(a)	During the quarter ended June 30, 2025, there were no unregistered sales of our securities that were not reported in a Current Report on Form 8-K.

(b)	Not applicable.

(c)

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not Applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

None

Item 6. Exhibits.

The following exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

No.		Description of Exhibit
3.1*		Certificate of Change pursuant to NRS 78.209
3.2*		Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation
10.1		Second Amended and Restated Equity Purchase Facility Agreement, dated May 5, 2025 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the 8-K filed by the registrant on May 6, 2025).
10.2		Amendment, dated May 5, 2025, to Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note, dated December 6, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the 8-K filed by the registrant on May 6, 2025).
10.3		Amendment, dated May 5, 2025, to Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note, dated January 16, 2025 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the 8-K filed by the registrant on May 6, 2025).
10.4*		Fourth Amended and Restated Equity Purchase Facility Agreement, dated as of August 12, 2025.
31.1*		Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a), as adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2*		Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a), as adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1*		Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2*		Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS*		Inline XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104*		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

*	Filed herewith.

SIGNATURES

In accordance with the requirements of the Exchange Act, the registrant caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	NEW ERA ENERGY & DIGITAL, INC.

Date: August 14, 2025	By:	/s/ E. Will Gray II
	Name:	E. Will Gray
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer and interim Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

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nehc:Segment

EX-3.1 2 ea025249301ex3-1_newera.htm CERTIFICATE OF CHANGE PURSUANT TO NRS 78.209

Exhibit 3.1

EX-3.2 3 ea025249301ex3-2_newera.htm CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT TO ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION

Exhibit 3.2

EX-10.4 4 ea025249301ex10-4_newera.htm FOURTH AMENDED AND RESTATED EQUITY PURCHASE FACILITY AGREEMENT, DATED AUGUST 12, 2025

Exhibit 10.4

Execution Version

FOURTH AMENDED AND RESTATED EQUITY PURCHASE FACILITY AGREEMENT

THIS FOURTH AMENDED AND RESTATED EQUITY PURCHASE FACILITY AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”), dated as of August 12, 2025, is made by and among [*], a Delaware limited liability company, or its registered assigns (the “Investor”) and NEW ERA HELIUM INC., a Nevada corporation, (the “Company”) formerly known as Roth CH V Holdings LLC, a Nevada corporation (“Holdings”). The Investor and the Company may be referred to herein individually as a “Party” and collectively as the “Parties.”

WHEREAS, the Parties are parties to that certain Equity Purchase Facility Agreement dated as of December 6, 2024 (the “Original Agreement”), as amended and restated on February 21, 2025 (the “First A&R Agreement”), as further amended and restated on May 5, 2025 (the “Second A&R Agreement”), as further amended and restated on July 10, 2025 (the “Existing Agreement”) and the Parties wish to further amend and restate the Existing Agreement in its entirety as hereinafter set forth;

WHEREAS, Roth CH Acquisition V Co., a Delaware corporation (“Roth”), New Era Helium Corp., a Nevada corporation (“NEC”), and Roth CH V Merger Sub Corp., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Roth (“Merger Sub”), entered into that certain Business Combination Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated as of January 3, 2024 and as amended on June 5, 2024, August 8, 2024, September 11, 2024, September 30, 2024 and as it may be further amended, supplemented, or otherwise modified from time to time (the “BCA”);

WHEREAS, pursuant to the terms of the BCA, among other things, effective as of the Effective Time (as defined in the BCA), (a) Roth merged (the “Redomestication Merger”) with and into its then wholly owned subsidiary, Holdings, with Holdings continued as the survivor of the Redomestication Merger and changed its name to “New Era Helium Inc.” and (b) immediately subsequent to the Redomestication Merger, Merger Sub merged (the “Acquisition Merger”) with and into NEC, with NEC surviving the Merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of Holdings, now the Company. The Redomestication Merger and the Acquisition Merger are collectively referred to herein as the “Business Combination”;

WHEREAS, the Parties desire that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions contained herein, the Company shall have the right to issue and sell to the Investor, from time to time as provided herein, and the Investor shall purchase from the Company, up to an aggregate of $1.0 billion (the “Commitment Amount”) in newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Shares”);

WHEREAS, the Common Shares are listed on The Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “NEHC”;

WHEREAS, the offer and sale of the Common Shares issuable hereunder will be made in reliance upon Section 4(a)(2) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (the “Securities Act”), or upon such other exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act as may be available with respect to any or all of the transactions to be made hereunder;

WHEREAS, the Parties concurrently with the entry into the Original Agreement entered into a Registration Rights Agreement in the form attached as Exhibit A hereto (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company shall register the resale of the Registrable Securities (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement), upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein; and

WHEREAS, as a condition and an inducement to the willingness of the Parties to enter into this Agreement, in connection with the execution of this Agreement, certain stockholders of the Company delivered to the Investor on or prior to the date of the Original Agreement, the Voting Agreements (as defined below) pursuant to which, among other things, each such stockholder agreed to vote in favor of the Stockholder Proposals (as defined below) at the Stockholders Meeting (as defined below).

NOW, THEREFORE, the Parties hereto agree as follows:

Article I. Certain Definitions

Capitalized terms used in this Agreement shall have the meanings ascribed to such terms in Annex I hereto, and hereby made a part hereof, or as otherwise set forth in this Agreement.

Article II. Pre-Paid Advances.

Section 2.01. Pre-Paid Advances. Subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in Annex II attached hereto, the Investor shall advance to the Company the principal amount of up to $10,000,000 (the “Pre-Paid Advance”), which shall be evidenced by senior secured convertible promissory notes in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B (each, a “Promissory Note”). The first Pre-Paid Advance shall be in a principal amount of $7,000,000 and advanced on or the Trading Day immediately following the date of the Original Agreement (the “First Pre-Advance Closing”), and a subsequent Pre-Paid Advance in the principal amount of $3,000,000 and with such subsequent Pre-Paid Advance advanced no later than three (3) Trading Days following the date on which the initial Registration Statement is declared effective by the SEC (the “Subsequent Pre-Advance Closing”) (each of the First Pre-Advance Closing and the Subsequent Pre-Advance Closing individually referred to herein as a “Pre-Advance Closing” and collectively referred to as the “Pre-Advance Closings”).

Section 2.02. Pre-Advance Closings. Each Pre-Advance Closing shall occur remotely by conference call and electronic delivery of documentation. The First Pre-Advance Closing shall take place at 10:00 a.m., New York time, on the Effective Date, provided that the conditions set forth on Annex II have been satisfied (or such other date as is mutually agreed to by the Company and the Investor). The Subsequent Pre-Advance Closing shall take place at 10:00 a.m., New York time, no later than three (3) Trading Days following the date on which the initial Registration Statement is declared effective by the SEC, provided that the conditions set forth on Annex II have been satisfied or waived, as applicable. At each Pre-Advance Closing, the Investor shall advance to the Company the principal amount of the applicable Pre-Paid Advance, less a discount in the amount equal to 7% of the principal amount of such Pre-Paid Advance netted from the purchase price due and structured as an original issue discount (the “Original Issue Discount”), in immediately available funds to an account designated by the Company in writing, and the Company shall deliver a Promissory Note with a principal amount equal to the full amount of such Pre-Paid Advance, duly executed on behalf of the Company. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Original Issue Discount (i) shall not be funded but shall be deemed to be fully advanced at each Pre-Advance Closing, and (ii) shall not reduce the principal amount of each Promissory Note. For the avoidance of doubt, to the extent the Investor converts outstanding amounts under a Promissory Note into Common Shares, the principal balance of such Promissory Note shall be reduced pursuant to the terms of such Promissory Note.

Article III. Advances

Section 3.01. Advances; Mechanics. Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of this Agreement, at any time during the Commitment Period, the Company, in its sole discretion, shall have the right, but not the obligation, to issue and sell to the Investor, and the Investor shall subscribe for and purchase from the Company, Advance Shares by the delivery to the Investor of Advance Notices, on the following terms:

(a) Advance Notice. At any time during the Commitment Period the Company may require the Investor to purchase Shares by delivering an Advance Notice to the Investor, subject to the satisfaction or waiver by the Investor of the conditions set forth in Annex II, and in accordance with the following provisions:

(i) The Company shall, in its sole discretion, select the number of Advance Shares, not to exceed the Maximum Advance Amount, it desires to issue and sell to the Investor in each Advance Notice and the time it desires to deliver each Advance Notice.

(ii) There shall be no mandatory minimum Advances and there shall be no non-usages fee for not utilizing the Commitment Amount or any part thereof.

(iii) For so long as any amount remains outstanding under the Promissory Notes, if the Company submits an Advance Notice, then the aggregate Purchase Price owed to the Company from such Advance Notice (the “Advance Proceeds”) shall be paid by the Investor to the Company and used by the Company in accordance with Section 7.15 of this Agreement; provided, however, any such Advance Notice that is submitted during any thirty (30) calendar day period preceding the date on which the Company is required to make a monthly payment pursuant to Sections 1(b) and 1(d) of the Promissory Notes (each such payment, a “Note Payment”), then without the prior written consent of the Investor, the Company may only submit any such Advance Notice, if the Advance Proceeds are paid by the Investor by offsetting the amount of the Advance Proceeds against the full amount of the applicable Note Payment (first towards accrued and unpaid interest, then towards Payment Premiums (as defined in the Promissory Notes) (if applicable), and then towards outstanding principal), with any remaining Advance Proceeds to paid by the Investor in cash to the Company and used by the Company in accordance with Section 7.15 of this Agreement.

(iv) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, if there is any default under the Promissory Notes, the Company may only submit an Advance Notice if the Company obtains the prior written consent of the Investor.

(b) Date of Delivery of Advance Notice.

(i) Accelerated Purchase Pricing Period. An Advance Notice selecting an Accelerated Purchase Pricing Period shall only be delivered on a Trading Day and shall be deemed delivered (i) if such notice is received via e-mail before 9:00 a.m. New York City time on such Trading Day and the Investor delivers an Accelerated Purchase Confirmation for such Advance Notice (at the Investor’s discretion), at or prior to the opening of trading on the Primary Market, or (ii) if such notice is received via e-mail after 9:00 a.m. New York City time on such Trading Day, and the Investor delivers an Accelerated Purchase Confirmation for such Advance Notice, at the time specified by the Investor in the Accelerated Purchase Confirmation. In the event the Company delivers an Advance Notice selecting an Accelerated Purchase Pricing Period and the Investor does not deliver an Accelerated Purchase Confirmation prior to 4:00 p.m. New York City time on the date of delivery of such Advance Notice (the “Confirmation Deadline”), then such Advance Notice shall automatically be deemed to have been delivered selecting a Regular Purchase Pricing Period on the immediately succeeding Trading Day, provided, however, that the Company may rescind such Advance Notice after the Confirmation Deadline and before 8:00 p.m. New York City time on the date of delivery of such Advance Notice.

(ii) Regular Purchase Pricing Period. An Advance Notice selecting a Regular Purchase Pricing Period shall be deemed delivered on (i) the Trading Day it is received by the Investor if such notice is received by e-mail at or before 9:00 a.m. New York City time (or at such later time if agreed to by the Investor in its discretion), or (ii) the immediately succeeding Trading Day if it is received by e-mail after 9:00 a.m. New York City time.

(iii) Extended Purchase Pricing Period. An Advance Notice selecting an Extended Purchase Pricing Period shall only be deemed delivered if such notice is received by the Investor via e-mail not earlier than 4:00 p.m. New York City time on the calendar day prior to the Trading Day specified in the Advance Notice and the Investor delivers to the Company an Extended Purchase Confirmation for such Advance Notice (at the Investor’s discretion), prior to or on such Trading Day, at the time specified by the Investor in the Extended Purchase Confirmation.

Section 3.02. Advance Limitations, Regulatory. Regardless of the Advance requested in an Advance Notice, the final number of Shares to be issued and sold pursuant to such Advance Notice shall be reduced (if at all) in accordance with each of the following limitations:

(a) Ownership Limitation; Commitment Amount. At the request of the Company, the Investor will inform the Company in writing of the number of Common Shares the Investor currently beneficially owns. At the request of the Investor, the Company shall promptly confirm orally or in writing to the Investor the number of Common Shares then outstanding. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, the Investor shall not be obligated to purchase or acquire, and shall not purchase or acquire, any Common Shares under this Agreement which, when aggregated with all other Common Shares beneficially owned by the Investor and its affiliates (as calculated pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and Rule 13d-3 promulgated thereunder), would result in the beneficial ownership by the Investor and its affiliates (on an aggregated basis) to exceed 4.99% of the then outstanding voting power or number of Common Shares (the “Ownership Limitation”). In connection with each Advance Notice, any portion of an Advance that would (i) cause the Investor to exceed the Ownership Limitation or (ii) cause the aggregate number of Shares issued and sold to the Investor hereunder to exceed the Commitment Amount shall automatically be withdrawn with no further action required by the Company, and such Advance Notice shall be deemed automatically modified to reduce the Advance by an amount equal to such withdrawn portion; provided that in the event of any such automatic withdrawal and automatic modification, the Investor will promptly notify the Company of such event. The Investor, upon notice to the Company, may increase or decrease the Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section 3.02, provided that the Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of Common Shares outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of Shares held by the Investor and the Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section 3.02 shall continue to apply. Any increase in the Ownership Limitation will not be effective until the sixty-first day after such notice is delivered to the Company. Since the Investor will not be obligated to report to the Company the number of Shares it may hold at the time of an Advance Notice, unless the Advance Notice at issue would result in the issuance of Shares in excess of the Ownership Limitation without regard to any other shares which may be beneficially owned by the Investor or an affiliate thereof, the Investor shall have the authority and obligation to determine whether the restriction contained in this Section 3.02 will limit any particular Advance Notice and to the extent that the Investor determines that the limitation contained in this Section 3.02 applies, the determination of which portion of the principal amount of the applicable Advance Notice shall be the responsibility and obligation of the Investor.

(b) Registration Limitation. In no event shall an Advance exceed the amount registered in respect of the transactions contemplated hereby under the Registration Statement then in effect (the “Registration Limitation”). In connection with each Advance Notice, any portion of an Advance that would exceed the Registration Limitation shall automatically be withdrawn with no further action required by the Company and such Advance Notice shall be deemed automatically modified to reduce the aggregate amount of the requested Advance by an amount equal to such withdrawn portion; provided that in the event of any such automatic withdrawal and automatic modification, the Investor will promptly notify the Company of such event.

(c) Compliance with Rules of Principal Market. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, the Company shall not effect any sales under this Agreement and the Investor shall not have the obligation to purchase Shares under this Agreement to the extent (but only to the extent) that after giving effect to such purchase and sale the aggregate number of Common Shares issued under this Agreement would exceed 19.99% of the aggregate number of Common Shares issued and outstanding as of the execution date of this Agreement, which number shall be reduced, on a share-for-share basis, by the number of Common Shares issued or issuable pursuant to any transaction or series of transactions that may be aggregated with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement under the applicable rules of the Principal Market (such maximum number of shares, the “Exchange Cap”) unless the Company has obtained Stockholder Approval for the issuance of Common Shares pursuant to this Agreement in excess of the Exchange Cap in accordance with the applicable rules of the Principal Market. In connection with each Advance Notice, any portion of an Advance that would exceed the Exchange Cap shall automatically be withdrawn with no further action required by the Company and such Advance Notice shall be deemed automatically modified to reduce the aggregate amount of the requested Advance by an amount equal to such withdrawn portion in respect of each Advance Notice.

(d) [Reserved].

(e) Volume Threshold Limitation.

(i) In connection with an Advance Notice where the Company selects an Accelerated Purchase Pricing Period, an Extended Purchase Pricing Period or a Regular Purchase Pricing Period, if the total number of Common Shares traded on the Principal Market during the applicable Pricing Period is less than the applicable Volume Threshold (the “Volume Threshold Failure”), then the number of Advance Shares issued and sold pursuant to such Advance Notice shall be reduced to the greater of (i) the applicable Volume Limit and (ii) the number of Shares sold by the Investor during such Pricing Period (the “Volume Threshold Adjusted Advance Amount”), but in each case not to exceed the amount requested in the Advance Notice.

(ii) Each Trading Day during a Pricing Period that is an Excluded Day, the Volume Limit shall be further reduced by (A) in the event of a Regular Purchase Pricing Period, one-third for each such Excluded Day and (B) in the event of an Accelerated Purchase Pricing Period or an Extended Purchase Pricing Period, 100%.

(iii) The total Advance Shares in respect of each Advance with any Excluded Day(s) (after reductions have been made to arrive at the Volume Threshold Adjusted Advance Amount) shall be increased by such number of Common Shares (the “Long Coverage Shares”) equal to such number of Common Shares sold by the Investor during the applicable Pricing Period minus the Volume Threshold Adjusted Advance Amount, if any, provided that this increase shall not cause the total Advance Shares to exceed the amount set forth in the original Advance Notice or any limitations set forth in Section 3.02.

(f) Volume Amount Limitation. In connection with an Advance Notice, if the number of Advance Shares requested is greater than the number of shares equal to the quotient of (i) the applicable Maximum Dollar Amount, divided by (ii) the closing price quoted on the Principal Market for the Trading Day prior to the date of the Advance Notice (the “Volume Amount Limitation”), then the number of Advance Shares issued and sold pursuant to such Advance Notice shall be reduced to the greater of (A) the applicable Volume Amount Limitation, and (B) the number of Shares sold by the Investor during such Pricing Period (the “Volume Amount Adjusted Advance Amount”), but in each case not to exceed the amount requested in the Advance Notice. “Maximum Dollar Amount” means $1,000,000 for an Advance Notice that selects a Regular Purchase Pricing Period, and $2,500,000 for an Advance Notice that selects an Accelerated Purchase Pricing Period or an Extended Purchase Pricing Period.

(g) Floor Price Limitation. The Company may not submit an Advance Notice without the consent of Investor if the Market Price immediately prior to the submission of such Advance Notice is lower than 120% of the Floor Price then in effect.

Section 3.03. Unconditional Contract. Notwithstanding any other provision in this Agreement, the Company and the Investor acknowledge and agree that upon the Investor’s receipt of a valid Advance Notice from the Company the Parties shall be deemed to have entered into an unconditional contract binding on both Parties for the purchase and sale of Advance Shares pursuant to such Advance Notice in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and (i) subject to Applicable Laws and (ii) subject to Section 7.19, the Investor may sell Common Shares after receipt of an Advance Notice, including during a Pricing Period.

Section 3.04. Closings. The closing of each Advance and each sale and purchase of Advance Shares (each, a “Closing”) shall take place as soon as practicable on each applicable Advance Date in accordance with the procedures set forth below. The Company acknowledges that the final number of Common Shares to be issued and sold pursuant to an Advance Notice and the Purchase Price will not be known at the time an Advance Notice is delivered but shall be determined on each Closing based on the daily prices of the Common Shares that are the inputs to the determination of the Purchase Price, the Volume Threshold and the Volume Amount Limitation. In connection with each Closing, the Company and the Investor shall fulfill each of its obligations as set forth below:

(a) On or prior to each Advance Date, the Investor shall deliver to the Company a Settlement Document along with a report by the Reporting Service indicating the VWAP and the lowest price traded for each of the Trading Days during the Pricing Period or period for determining the Purchase Price, in each case in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement.

(b) Promptly after receipt of the Settlement Document with respect to each Advance (and, in any event, not later than one Trading Day after such receipt), the Company will, or will cause its transfer agent to, electronically transfer such number of Advance Shares to be purchased by the Investor (as set forth in the Settlement Document) by crediting the Investor’s account or its designee’s account at The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit Withdrawal at Custodian System or by such other means of delivery as may be mutually agreed upon by the parties hereto, and transmit notification to the Investor that such share transfer has been requested. Within one (1) Trading Day following the receipt of the Advance Shares by the Investor, the Investor shall pay to the Company the aggregate purchase price of the Advance Shares (as set forth in the Settlement Document), which amount shall equal the Purchase Price, in the case of an Advance Notice submitted other than while any Promissory Note is outstanding, in cash in immediately available funds to an account designated by the Company in writing and transmit notification to the Company that such funds transfer has been requested. No fractional shares shall be issued, and any fractional amounts shall be rounded to the next higher whole number of shares. To facilitate the transfer of the Common Shares by the Investor, the Common Shares will not bear any restrictive legends so long as there is an effective Registration Statement covering the resale of such Common Shares (it being understood and agreed by the Investor that notwithstanding the lack of restrictive legends, the Investor may only sell such Common Shares pursuant to the Plan of Distribution set forth in the Prospectus included in the Registration Statement and otherwise in compliance with the requirements of the Securities Act (including any applicable prospectus delivery requirements) or pursuant to an available exemption).

(c) On or prior to the Advance Date, each of the Company and the Investor shall deliver to the other all documents, instruments and writings expressly required to be delivered by either of them pursuant to this Agreement in order to implement and effect the transactions contemplated herein.

(d) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, if on any day during the Pricing Period (i) the Company notifies the Investor that a Material Outside Event has occurred or (ii) the Company notifies the Investor of a Black Out Period, the parties hereto agree that any pending Advance shall end and the final number of Advance Shares to be purchased by the Investor at the Closing for such Advance shall be equal to the number of Common Shares sold by the Investor during the applicable Pricing Period prior to the notification from the Company of a Material Outside Event or Black Out Period.

Section 3.05. Hardship.

(a) In the event the Investor sells Common Shares after receipt, or deemed receipt of an Advance Notice and the Company fails to perform its obligations as mandated in this Agreement, the Company agrees that in addition to and in no way limiting the rights and obligations set forth in Article VI hereto and in addition to any other remedy to which the Investor is entitled at law or in equity, including, without limitation, specific performance, it will hold the Investor harmless against any loss, claim, damage, or expense (including reasonable legal fees and expenses), as incurred, arising out of or in connection with such default by the Company and acknowledges that irreparable damage may occur in the event of any such default. It is accordingly agreed that the Investor shall be entitled to an injunction or injunctions to prevent such breaches of this Agreement and to specifically enforce (subject to Applicable Laws and the rules of the Principal Market), without the posting of a bond or other security, the terms and provisions of this Agreement.

(b) In the event the Company provides an Advance Notice and the Investor fails to perform its obligations as mandated in Section 3.02, the Investor agrees that in addition to and in no way limiting the rights and obligations set forth in Article VI hereto and in addition to any other remedy to which the Company is entitled at law or in equity, including, without limitation, specific performance, it will hold the Company harmless against any loss, claim, damage, or expense (including reasonable legal fees and expenses), as incurred, arising out of or in connection with such default by the Investor and acknowledges that irreparable damage may occur in the event of any such default. It is accordingly agreed that the Company shall be entitled to an injunction or injunctions to prevent such breaches of this Agreement and to specifically enforce (subject to the Securities Act and the rules of the Principal Market), without the posting of a bond or other security, the terms and provisions of this Agreement.

Section 3.06. The Promissory Notes (i) shall rank pari passu with all Other Notes (as defined in the Promissory Notes), and (ii) shall be senior to all other Indebtedness of the Company and its Subsidiaries. The Promissory Notes and all of the obligations under the Transaction Documents will be secured by a first priority perfected security interest in all of the applicable existing and future assets of the Company and its direct and indirect Subsidiaries pursuant to that certain Security Agreement made by the grantors party thereto in favor of the Collateral Agent (as defined in the Security Agreement), for the benefit of the secured parties defined therein dated as of even date herewith (the “Security Agreement”) and that certain Mortgage (as defined in the Security Agreement) made by the grantors party thereto in favor of the Collateral Agent dated as of the date of the Subsequent Pre-Advance Closing (the “Mortgages”, and together with the Security Agreement, the Approved Control Agreements (as defined in the Security Agreement), the Perfection Certificate (as defined below) and each other security document and agreement entered into in connection with this Agreement and each of such other documents and agreements, as each may be amended or modified from time to time, collectively, the “Security Documents”).

Section 3.07. Each subsidiary of the Company has agreed to guarantee the Obligations (as defined in the Security Agreement) of the Company under the Transaction Documents (as defined below) pursuant to that certain Subsidiary Guarantee executed by each Subsidiary of the Company in favor of the Investor and the Collateral Agent dated as of even date herewith (as may be amended or modified from time to time collectively, the “Guarantees”).

Article IV. Representations and Warranties of the Investor

The Investor represents and warrants to the Company, as of the date of the Original Agreement, the First A&R Agreement, the Second A&R Agreement, the Existing Agreement, the date hereof, and as of each Advance Notice Date, as of the date of each Pre-Advance Closing, and at each Closing that:

Section 4.01. Organization and Authorization. The Investor is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware and has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and perform its obligations under the Transaction Documents to which it is a party and to purchase or acquire Shares in accordance with the terms hereof. The decision to invest and the execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents to which it is a party by the Investor, the performance by the Investor of its obligations hereunder and the consummation by the Investor of the transactions contemplated hereby have been duly authorized and require no other proceedings on the part of the Investor. The undersigned has the right, power and authority to execute and deliver the Transaction Documents to which it is a party and all other instruments on behalf of the Investor or its stockholders. This Agreement and the Transaction Documents to which it is a party have been duly executed and delivered by the Investor and, assuming the execution and delivery hereof and acceptance thereof by the Company, will constitute the legal, valid and binding obligations of the Investor, enforceable against the Investor in accordance with its terms.

Section 4.02. Evaluation of Risks. The Investor has such knowledge and experience in financial, tax and business matters as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of, and bearing the economic risks entailed by, an investment in the Common Shares and of protecting its interests in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby. The Investor acknowledges and agrees that its investment in the Company involves a high degree of risk, and that the Investor may lose all or a part of its investment.

Section 4.03. No Legal, Investment or Tax Advice from the Company. The Investor acknowledges that it had the opportunity to review the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents with its own legal counsel and investment and tax advisors. The Investor is relying solely on such counsel and advisors and not on any statements or representations of the Company or any of the Company’s representatives or agents for legal, tax, investment or other advice with respect to the Investor’s acquisition of Common Shares hereunder, the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the laws of any jurisdiction, and the Investor acknowledges that the Investor may lose all or a part of its investment.

Section 4.04. Investment Purpose. The Investor is acquiring the Common Shares and the Promissory Notes for its own account, for investment purposes and not with a view towards, or for resale in connection with, the public sale or distribution thereof, except pursuant to sales registered under or exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act; provided, however, that by making the representations herein, the Investor does not agree, or make any representation or warranty, to hold any of the Shares for any minimum or other specific term and reserves the right to dispose of the Shares at any time in accordance with, or pursuant to, a Registration Statement filed pursuant to this Agreement or an applicable exemption under the Securities Act. The Investor does not presently have any agreement or understanding, directly or indirectly, with any Person to sell or distribute any of the Shares. The Investor acknowledges that it will be disclosed as an “underwriter” and a “selling stockholder” in each Registration Statement and in any Prospectus contained therein to the extent required by applicable law and to the extent the Prospectus is related to the resale of Registrable Securities.

Section 4.05. Accredited Investor. The Investor is an “Accredited Investor” as that term is defined in Rule 501(a)(3) of Regulation D.

Section 4.06. Information. The Investor and its advisors (and its counsel), if any, have been furnished with all materials relating to the business, finances and operations of the Company and information the Investor deemed material to making an informed investment decision. The Investor and its advisors (and its counsel), if any, have been afforded the opportunity to ask questions of the Company and its management and have received answers to such questions. Neither such inquiries nor any other due diligence investigations conducted by such Investor or its advisors (and its counsel), if any, or its representatives shall modify, amend or affect the Investor’s right to rely on the Company’s representations and warranties contained in this Agreement. The Investor acknowledges and agrees that the Company has not made to the Investor, and the Investor acknowledges and agrees it has not relied upon, any representations and warranties of the Company, its employees or any third party other than the representations and warranties of the Company contained in this Agreement. The Investor understands that its investment involves a high degree of risk. The Investor has sought such accounting, legal and tax advice, as it has considered necessary to make an informed investment decision with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby.

Section 4.07. Not an Affiliate. The Investor is not an officer, director or a person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by, or is under common control with the Company or any “Affiliate” of the Company (as that term is defined in Rule 405 promulgated under the Securities Act).

Section 4.08. No Prior Short Sales. At no time prior to the date of this Agreement has the Investor, its sole member, any of their respective officers, or any entity managed or controlled by the Investor or its sole member, engaged in or effected, in any manner whatsoever, directly or indirectly, for its own principal account, any (i) “short sale” (as such term is defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO of the Exchange Act) of the Common Shares or (ii) hedging transaction, in either case which establishes a net short position with respect to the Common Shares that remains in effect as of the date of this Agreement.

Section 4.09. General Solicitation. Neither the Investor, nor any of its affiliates, nor any person acting on its or their behalf, has engaged or will engage in any form of general solicitation or general advertising (within the meaning of Regulation D) in connection with any offer or sale of the Common Shares by the Investor.

Article V. Representations and Warranties of the Company

Except where specifically set forth below with respect to certain specified representations and warranties or disclosed in the SEC Documents (as defined below), the Company represents and warrants to the Investor that, as of the date of the Original Agreement, the First A&R Agreement, the Second A&R Agreement, the Existing Agreement, the date hereof and as of each Closing Date (as defined in the Promissory Notes), and each of the Pre- Advance Closings and:

Section 5.01. Organization and Qualification. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries are entities duly formed, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction in which they are formed and have the requisite power and authority to own their properties and to carry on their business as now being conducted. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries is duly qualified to do business and is in good standing in every jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted by it makes such qualification necessary, except to the extent that the failure to be so qualified or be in good standing would not have a Material Adverse Effect.

Section 5.02. Authorization, Enforcement, Compliance with Other Instruments. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents and to issue the Shares in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents by the Company and its Subsidiaries, and the consummation by the Company and its Subsidiaries of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby (including, without limitation, have been duly authorized by the Company’s board of directors or other governing body, as applicable, and (other than (i) the filing with the SEC of a Form D with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby and the applicable 8-K Filing, (ii) with respect to the applicable Closing, confirmation that Stockholder Approval has been obtained, if applicable, (iii) with respect to any applicable Closings, the filing of an additional listing application with the Principal Market, and (iv) any other filings as may be required by any state securities agencies (collectively, the “Required Approvals”)) and no further filing, consent or authorization is required by the Company, its Subsidiaries, their respective boards of directors or their stockholders or other governing body. This Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which the Company is a party have been (or, when executed and delivered, will be) duly executed and delivered by the Company and, assuming the execution and delivery thereof and acceptance by the Investor, constitute (or, when duly executed and delivered, will be) the legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their respective terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by general principles of equity or applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, liquidation or other laws relating to, or affecting generally, the enforcement of applicable creditors’ rights and remedies and except as rights to indemnification and to contribution may be limited by federal or state securities law. Except for the Required Approvals, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is required to obtain any consent from, authorization or order of, or make any filing or registration with, any Governmental Entity (as defined below) or any regulatory or self-regulatory agency or any other Person in order for it to execute, deliver or perform any of its respective obligations under or contemplated by the Transaction Documents, in each case, in accordance with the terms hereof or thereof. All consents, authorizations, orders, filings and registrations which the Company or any Subsidiary is required to obtain pursuant to the preceding sentence have been or will be obtained or effected on or prior to such Closing Date, and neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries are aware of any facts or circumstances which might prevent the Company or any of its Subsidiaries from obtaining or effecting any of the registration, application or filings contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Except as disclosed in the SEC Documents, the Company is not in violation of the requirements of the Principal Market and has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances which could reasonably lead to delisting or suspension of the Common Shares. “Governmental Entity” means any nation, state, county, city, town, village, district, or other political jurisdiction of any nature, federal, state, local, municipal, foreign, or other government, governmental or quasi-governmental authority of any nature (including any governmental agency, branch, department, official, or entity and any court or other tribunal), multinational organization or body; or body exercising, or entitled to exercise, any administrative, executive, judicial, legislative, police, regulatory, or taxing authority or power of any nature or instrumentality of any of the foregoing, including any entity or enterprise owned or controlled by a government or a public international organization or any of the foregoing.

Section 5.03. Authorization of the Securities. The issuance of the (a) Advance Shares, (b) Common Shares issuable pursuant to the terms of the Promissory Notes (the “Note Shares”), and (c) the Promissory Notes have been duly authorized and upon issuance in accordance with the terms of the Transaction Documents. The (i) Promissory Notes will be validly executed, authenticated, issued, sold, and delivered and will constitute the legal, valid, and binding obligations of the Company and (ii) Note Shares, Advance Shares and Common Shares shall be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and free from all preemptive or similar rights, mortgages, defects, claims, liens, pledges, charges, taxes, rights of first refusal, encumbrances, security interests and other encumbrances with respect to the issuance thereof.

Section 5.04. No Conflict. The execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby (including, without limitation, the issuance of the Common Shares or the Note Shares) will not (i) result in a violation of the certificate of incorporation or other organizational documents of the Company or its Subsidiaries (with respect to consummation, as the same may be amended prior to the date on which any of the transactions contemplated hereby are consummated), (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event which with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any agreement, indenture or instrument to which the Company or its Subsidiaries is a party, or (iii) result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment or decree (including federal and state securities laws and regulations) applicable to the Company or its Subsidiaries or by which any property or asset of the Company or its Subsidiaries is bound or affected except, in the case of clause (ii) or (iii) above, to the extent such violations that would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

Section 5.05. Acknowledgement. The Company acknowledges its obligation to issue the Note Shares upon conversion of the Promissory Notes in accordance with the terms thereof and to issue the Common Shares upon delivery of an Advance Notice is absolute and unconditional, subject to any limitations provided for in the Promissory Notes or herein, regardless of the dilutive effect that such issuance may have on the ownership interests of other stockholders of the Company.

Section 5.06. SEC Documents; Financial Statements. The Company has timely filed (giving effect to permissible extensions in accordance with Rule 12b-25 under the Exchange Act) all SEC Documents. The Company has delivered or made available to the Investor through the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov, true and complete copies of the SEC Documents, as applicable. Except as disclosed in amendments or subsequent filings to the SEC Documents, as of its filing date (or, if amended or superseded by a filing prior to the date of the Original Agreement, on the date of such amended or superseded filing), each of the SEC Documents complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Exchange Act or the Securities Act, as applicable, and the rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder applicable to the SEC Documents, and did not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

Section 5.07. Financial Statements. The consolidated financial statements of the Company included or incorporated by reference in the SEC Documents, together with the related notes and schedules, present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company and the Subsidiaries as of the dates indicated and the consolidated results of operations, cash flows and changes in stockholders’ equity of the Company for the periods specified and have been prepared in compliance with the requirements of the Securities Act and Exchange Act and in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) applied on a consistent basis (except for (i) such adjustments to accounting standards and practices as are noted therein, (ii) in the case of unaudited interim financial statements, to the extent such financial statements may not include footnotes required by GAAP or may be condensed or summary statements and (iii) such adjustments which are not material, either individually or in the aggregate) during the periods involved; the other financial and statistical data with respect to the Company and the Subsidiaries contained or incorporated by reference in the SEC Documents are accurately and fairly presented and prepared on a basis consistent with the financial statements and books and records of the Company; there are no financial statements (historical or pro forma) that are required to be included or incorporated by reference in the SEC Documents that are not included or incorporated by reference as required; the Company and the Subsidiaries do not have any material liabilities or obligations, direct or contingent (including any off-balance sheet obligations), not described in the SEC Documents (including the exhibits thereto); and all disclosures contained or incorporated by reference in the SEC Documents regarding “non-GAAP financial measures” (as such term is defined by the rules and regulations of the SEC) comply in all material respects with Regulation G of the Exchange Act and Item 10 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act, to the extent applicable. The interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language included or incorporated by reference in the SEC Documents fairly presents the information called for in all material respects and has been prepared in accordance with the SEC’s rules and guidelines applicable thereto.

Section 5.08. Registration Statement and Prospectus. The Company and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement meet the requirements for and comply with the conditions for the use of Form S-1 under the Securities Act. Each Registration Statement and the offer and sale of Common Shares as contemplated hereby, if and when filed, will meet the requirements of Rule 415 under the Securities Act and comply in all material respects with said rule. Any statutes, regulations, contracts or other documents that are required to be described in a Registration Statement or a Prospectus, or to be filed as exhibits to a Registration Statement have been so described or filed. Copies of each Registration Statement, any Prospectus, and any such amendments or supplements thereto and all documents incorporated by reference therein that were filed with the SEC on or prior to the date of this Agreement have been delivered, or are available through EDGAR, to the Investor and its counsel. The Company has not distributed and, prior to the later to occur of each Advance Notice Date and completion of the distribution of the Shares, will not distribute any offering material in connection with the offering or sale of the Common Shares other than a Registration Statement and the Prospectus to which the Investor has consented.

Section 5.09. No Misstatement or Omission. Each Registration Statement, when it became or becomes effective, and any Prospectus, on the date of such Prospectus or amendment or supplement, conformed and will conform in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act. At each Advance Notice Date, the Registration Statement, and the Prospectus, as of such date, will conform in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act. Each Registration Statement, when it became or becomes effective, did not, and will not, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. Each Prospectus did not, or will not, include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The documents incorporated by reference in a Prospectus or any Prospectus Supplement did not, and any further documents filed and incorporated by reference therein will not, when filed with the SEC, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated in such document or necessary to make the statements in such document, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The foregoing shall not apply to statements in, or omissions from, any such document made in reliance upon, and in conformity with, information furnished to the Company by the Investor specifically for use in the preparation thereof.

Section 5.10. Conformity with Securities Act and Exchange Act. Each Registration Statement, each Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, and the documents incorporated by reference in each Registration Statement, Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, when such documents were or are filed with the SEC under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act or became or become effective under the Securities Act, as the case may be, conformed or will conform in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable.

Section 5.11. Equity Capitalization.

(a) Authorized and Outstanding Capital Stock. As of the date of the Original Agreement, the authorized capital stock of the Company consisted of 75,000,000 shares of capital stock consisting of 70,000,000 Common Shares and 5,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share. As of the date of the Original Agreement after giving effect to the closing of the Business Combination, the Company had (i) 13,165,152 Common Shares issued, 12,990,794 Common Shares outstanding and 174,358 Common Shares held in treasury, (ii) no shares of preferred stock are issued and outstanding, and (iii) public warrants to purchase 5,750,000 Common Shares and private placement warrants to purchase 230,750 Common Shares.

(b) Valid Issuance; Available Shares. All of such outstanding shares of capital stock are duly authorized and have been validly issued and are fully paid and nonassessable.

(c) Existing Securities; Obligations. Except as disclosed in the SEC Documents: (A) none of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s shares, interests or capital stock is subject to preemptive rights or any other similar rights or liens suffered or permitted by the Company or any Subsidiary; (B) there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities or rights convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, any shares, interests or capital stock of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is or may become bound to issue additional shares, interests or capital stock of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities or rights convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, any shares, interests or capital stock of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries; (C) there are no agreements or arrangements under which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is obligated to register the sale of any of their securities under the Securities Act (except pursuant to this Agreement); (D) there are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries which contain any redemption or similar provisions, and there are no contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is or may become bound to redeem a security of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries; (E) there are no securities or instruments containing antidilution or similar provisions that will be triggered by the issuance of the Shares; and (G) neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has any stock appreciation rights or “phantom stock” plans or agreements or any similar plan or agreement.

Section 5.12. Intellectual Property Rights. The Company and its Subsidiaries own or possess adequate rights or licenses to use all material trademarks, trade names, service marks, service mark registrations, service names, patents, patent rights, copyrights, inventions, licenses, approvals, governmental authorizations, trade secrets and rights, if any, necessary to conduct their respective businesses as now conducted, except as would not cause a Material Adverse Effect. The Company and its Subsidiaries have not received written notice of any infringement by the Company or its Subsidiaries of trademark, trade name rights, patents, patent rights, copyrights, inventions, licenses, service names, service marks, service mark registrations, or trade secrets, except as would not cause a Material Adverse Effect. To the knowledge of the Company, there is no claim, action or proceeding being made or brought against, or to the Company’s knowledge, being threatened against the Company or its Subsidiaries regarding trademark, trade name, patents, patent rights, invention, copyright, license, service names, service marks, service mark registrations, trade secret or other infringement.

Section 5.13. Employee Relations. Except as disclosed in the SEC Documents, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is involved in any labor dispute nor, to the knowledge of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, is any such dispute threatened, in each case which is reasonably likely to cause a Material Adverse Effect.

Section 5.14. Environmental Laws. The Company and its Subsidiaries (i) have not received written notice alleging any failure to comply in all material respects with all Environmental Laws (as defined below), (ii) have received all permits, licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses and (iii) have not received written notice alleging any failure to comply with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license or approval where, in each of the foregoing clauses (i), (ii) and (iii), the failure to so comply would be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect. The term “Environmental Laws” means all applicable federal, state and local laws relating to pollution or protection of human health or the environment (including, without limitation, ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata), including, without limitation, laws relating to emissions, discharges, releases or threatened releases of chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, or toxic or hazardous substances or wastes (collectively, “Hazardous Materials”) into the environment, or otherwise relating to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Hazardous Materials, as well as all authorizations, codes, decrees, demands or demand letters, injunctions, judgments, licenses, notices or notice letters, orders, permits, plans or regulations issued, entered, promulgated or approved thereunder.

Section 5.15. Title. Except as would not cause a Material Adverse Effect, the Company (or its Subsidiaries) has indefeasible fee simple or leasehold title to its properties and material assets owned by it, free and clear of any pledge, lien, security interest, encumbrance, claim or equitable interest other than such as are not material to the business of the Company. Any real property and facilities held under lease by the Company and its Subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with such exceptions as are not material and do not interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property and buildings by the Company and its Subsidiaries.

Section 5.16. Insurance. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as management of the Company believes to be prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and its Subsidiaries are engaged. The Company has no reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business at a cost that would not have a Material Adverse Effect.

Section 5.17. Regulatory Permits. Except as would not cause a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its Subsidiaries possess all material certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate federal, state or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to own their respective businesses, and neither the Company nor any such Subsidiary has received any written notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any such certificate, authorization or permits.

Section 5.18. Internal Accounting Controls. The Company maintains a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and to maintain asset accountability, (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences, and management is not aware of any material weaknesses that are not disclosed in the SEC Documents as and when required.

Section 5.19. Absence of Litigation. Except as disclosed in the SEC Documents, there is no action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation before or by any court, public board, government agency, self-regulatory organization or body pending against or affecting the Company, the Common Shares or any of the Company’s Subsidiaries, wherein an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding would have a Material Adverse Effect.

Section 5.20. Absence of Certain Changes. Since the date of the Company’s most recent audited financial statements contained in an Annual Report on Form 10-K or a Registration Statement on Form S-4, as applicable, there has been no material adverse change and no material adverse development in the business, assets, liabilities, properties, operations (including results thereof), condition (financial or otherwise) or prospects of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. Since the date of the Company’s most recent audited financial statements contained in an Annual Report on Form 10-K or Registration Statement on Form S-4, except as disclosed in the SEC Documents, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has (i) declared or paid any dividends, (ii) sold any assets, individually or in the aggregate, outside of the ordinary course of business or (iii) made any capital expenditures, individually or in the aggregate, outside of the ordinary course of business. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has taken any steps to seek protection pursuant to any law or statute relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, receivership, liquidation or winding up, nor does the Company or any Subsidiary have any knowledge or reason to believe that any of their respective creditors intend to initiate involuntary bankruptcy proceedings or any actual knowledge of any fact which would reasonably lead a creditor to do so. The Company and its Subsidiaries, individually and on a consolidated basis, were not as of the date of the Original Agreement, and after giving effect to the transactions contemplated hereby to occur at such Closing, will not be Insolvent (as defined below).

Section 5.21. Subsidiaries. Other than as set forth in the SEC Documents, the Company does not own or control, directly or indirectly, any interest in any other corporation, partnership, association or other business entity.

Section 5.22. Tax Status. Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries (i) has timely made or filed all foreign, federal and state income and all other tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject, (ii) has timely paid all taxes and other governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined to be due on such returns, reports and declarations, except those being contested in good faith and (iii) has set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate for the payment of all taxes for periods subsequent to the periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply. The Company has not received written notification of any unpaid taxes in any material amount claimed to be due by the taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company and its Subsidiaries know of no basis for any such claim where failure to pay would cause a Material Adverse Effect.

Section 5.23. Certain Transactions. Except as disclosed in the SEC Documents or as not required to be disclosed pursuant to Applicable Laws, none of the officers or directors of the Company is presently a party to any transaction with the Company (other than for services as employees, officers and directors), including any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal property to or from, or otherwise requiring payments to or from any officer or director, or to the knowledge of the Company, any corporation, partnership, trust or other entity in which any officer or director has a substantial interest or is an officer, director, trustee or partner.

Section 5.24. Rights of First Refusal. The Company is not obligated to offer the Common Shares offered hereunder or any other Company securities offered pursuant to the Transaction Documents on a right of first refusal basis to any third parties including, but not limited to, current or former stockholders of the Company, underwriters, brokers, agents or other third parties.

Section 5.25. Dilution. The Company is aware and acknowledges that issuance of Common Shares hereunder could cause dilution to existing stockholders and could significantly increase the outstanding number of Common Shares.

Section 5.26. Acknowledgment Regarding Investor’s Purchase of Shares. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Investor is acting solely in the capacity of an arm’s length investor with respect to this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereunder. The Company further acknowledges that the Investor is not acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary of the Company (or in any similar capacity) with respect to this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereunder and any advice given by the Investor or any of its representatives or agents in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereunder is merely incidental to the Investor’s purchase of the Shares hereunder and the Promissory Notes. The Company is aware and acknowledges that it shall not be able to request Advances under this Agreement if the Registration Statement is not effective or if any issuances of Common Shares pursuant to any Advances would violate any rules of the Principal Market. The Company acknowledges and agrees that it is capable of evaluating and understanding, and understands and accepts, the terms, risks and conditions of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

Section 5.27. Placement Agent’s Fees. The Company shall be responsible for the payment of any placement agent’s fees, financial advisory fees, or brokers’ commissions (other than for Persons engaged by the Investor or its investment advisor) relating to or arising out of the transactions contemplated hereby in connection with the sale of the Common Shares and Promissory Notes. The Company shall pay, and hold the Investor harmless against, any liability, loss or expense (including, without limitation, attorney’s fees and out-of-pocket expenses) arising in connection with any such claim. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has engaged any placement agent or other agent in connection with the offer or sale of the Common Shares and the Promissory Notes other than Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC.

Section 5.28. Relationship of the Parties. Neither the Company, nor any of its subsidiaries, affiliates, nor any person acting on its or their behalf is a client or customer of the Investor or any of its affiliates and neither the Investor nor any of its affiliates has provided, or will provide, any services to the Company or any of its affiliates, its subsidiaries, or any person acting on its or their behalf. The Investor’s relationship to Company is solely as investor as provided for in the Transaction Documents.

Section 5.29. Forward-Looking Statements. No forward-looking statement (within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act) contained in the Registration Statement or a Prospectus prepared pursuant to the terms of the Registration Rights Agreement will be made or reaffirmed without a reasonable basis or has been disclosed other than in good faith.

Section 5.30. Compliance with Laws. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries are in compliance in all material respects with Applicable Laws; the Company has not received a notice of non-compliance, nor knows of, nor has reasonable grounds to know of, any facts that any director, officer, or employee of the Company or any Subsidiary nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any agent, affiliate or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary has, has not complied with Applicable Laws, or could give rise to a notice of non-compliance with Applicable Laws, and is not aware of any pending change or contemplated change to any applicable law or regulation or governmental position; in each case that would have a Material Adverse Effect.

Section 5.31. Sanctions Matters. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or, to the knowledge of the Company, any director, officer or controlled affiliate of the Company or any director or officer of any Subsidiary, is a Person that is, or is owned or controlled by a Person that is (i) the subject of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Asset Control (“OFAC”), the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, His Majesty’s Treasury, or other relevant sanctions authorities, including, without limitation, designation on OFAC’s Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List or OFAC’s Foreign Sanctions Evaders List or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively, “Sanctions”), or (ii) located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject of Sanctions that broadly prohibit dealings with that country or territory (including, without limitation, the Crimea, Zaporizhzhia and Kherson regions, the Donetsk People’s Republic and Luhansk People’s Republic in Ukraine, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Russia, Sudan and Syria (the “Sanctioned Countries”)). Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries will, directly or indirectly, use the proceeds from the sale of Common Shares or the Promissory Notes, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other Person (a) for the purpose of funding or facilitating any activities or business of or with any Person or in any country or territory that, at the time of such funding or facilitation, is the subject of Sanctions or is a Sanctioned Country, or (b) in any other manner that will result in a violation of Sanctions or Applicable Laws by any Person (including any Person participating in the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise). For the past five years, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has engaged in, and is now not engaged in, any dealings or transactions with any Person, or in any country or territory, that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject of Sanctions or was a Sanctioned Country. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries nor any director, officer or controlled affiliate of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, has ever had funds blocked by a United States bank or financial institution, temporarily or otherwise, as a result of OFAC concerns.

Section 5.32. Money Laundering Laws. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the money laundering statutes of all jurisdictions, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any Governmental Entity (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”); and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any Governmental Entity involving the Company with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the best knowledge of the Company, threatened.

Section 5.33. No Undisclosed Events, Liabilities, Developments or Circumstances. Except as disclosed in the SEC Documents, no event, liability, development or circumstance has occurred or exists, or is reasonably expected to exist or occur with respect to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective businesses, properties, liabilities, prospects, operations (including results thereof) or condition (financial or otherwise), that (i) would be required to be disclosed by the Company under applicable securities laws on a registration statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC relating to an issuance and sale by the Company of its Common Shares and which has not been publicly announced, (ii) could have a material adverse effect on the Investor’s investment hereunder or (iii) could have a Material Adverse Effect.

Section 5.34. Investment Company Status. The Company is not, and upon consummation of the sale of the Common Shares and Promissory will not be, an “investment company,” an affiliate of an “investment company,” a company controlled by an “investment company” or an “affiliated person” of, or “promoter” or “principal underwriter” for, an “investment company” as such terms are defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

Section 5.35. Acknowledgement Regarding Investor’s Trading Activity. It is understood and acknowledged by the Company that (i) following the public disclosure of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents in accordance with the terms thereof, the Investor has not been asked by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to agree, nor has the Investor agreed with the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, to desist from effecting any transactions in or with respect to (including, without limitation, purchasing or selling, long and/or short) any securities of the Company, or “derivative” securities based on securities issued by the Company or to hold any of the Securities for any specified term; (ii) the Investor, and counterparties in “derivative” transactions to which the Investor is a party, directly or indirectly, presently may have a “short” position in the Common Shares which was established prior to the Investor’s knowledge of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents; (iii) the Investor shall not be deemed to have any affiliation with or control over any arm’s length counterparty in any “derivative” transaction; and (iv) the Investor may rely on the Company’s obligation to timely deliver Common Shares upon conversion, exercise or exchange, as applicable, of the Promissory Notes as and when required pursuant to the Transaction Documents for purposes of effecting trading in the Common Shares. The Company further understands and acknowledges that following the public disclosure of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, the Investor may engage in hedging and/or trading activities (including, without limitation, the location and/or reservation of borrowable Common Shares) at various times during the period that the Promissory Notes are outstanding, including, without limitation, during the periods that the value and/or number of the or Note Shares, as applicable, deliverable with respect to the Promissory Notes are being determined and such hedging and/or trading activities (including, without limitation, the location and/or reservation of borrowable Common Shares), if any, can reduce the value of the existing stockholders’ equity interest in the Company both at and after the time the hedging and/or trading activities are being conducted. The Company acknowledges that such aforementioned hedging and/or trading activities do not constitute a breach of this Agreement, the Notes or any other Transaction Document or any of the documents executed in connection herewith or therewith.

Section 5.36. Cybersecurity. The Company and its Subsidiaries’ information technology assets and equipment, computers, systems, networks, hardware, software, websites, applications, and databases (collectively, “IT Systems”) are adequate for, and operate and perform in all material respects as required in connection with the operation of the business of the Company and its subsidiaries as currently conducted, free and clear of all material bugs, errors, defects, Trojan horses, time bombs, malware and other corruptants that would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on the Company’s business. The Company and its Subsidiaries have implemented and maintained commercially reasonable physical, technical and administrative controls, policies, procedures, and safeguards reasonably designed to maintain and protect their material confidential information and the integrity, continuous operation, redundancy and security of all IT Systems and data, including “Personal Data,” used in connection with their businesses. “Personal Data” means (i) a natural person’s name, street address, telephone number, e-mail address, photograph, social security number or tax identification number, driver’s license number, passport number, credit card number, bank information, or customer or account number; (ii) any information which would qualify as “personally identifying information” under the Federal Trade Commission Act, as amended; (iii) “personal data” as defined by the European Union General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) (EU 2016/679); (iv) any information which would qualify as “protected health information” under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (collectively, “HIPAA”); and (v) any other piece of information that allows the identification of such natural person, or his or her family, or permits the collection or analysis of any data related to an identified person’s health or sexual orientation. There have been no breaches, violations, outages or unauthorized uses of or accesses to same, except for those that have been remedied without material cost or liability or the duty to notify any other person or such, nor any incidents under internal review or investigations relating to the same except in each case, where such would not, either individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. The Company and its Subsidiaries are presently in compliance with all applicable laws or statutes and all judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, internal policies and contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems and Personal Data and to the protection of such IT Systems and Personal Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification except in each case, where such would not, either individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

Article VI. Indemnification

The Investor and the Company represent to the other the following with respect to itself:

Section 6.01. Indemnification by the Company. In consideration of the Investor’s execution and delivery of this Agreement and acquiring the Shares hereunder, and in addition to all of the Company’s other obligations under this Agreement, the Company shall defend, protect, indemnify and hold harmless the Investor and its investment manager and each of their respective officers, directors, managers, members, partners, employees and agents (including, without limitation, those retained in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement) and each person who controls the Investor within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act (collectively, the “Investor Indemnitees”) from and against any and all actions, causes of action, suits, claims, losses, costs, penalties, fees, liabilities and damages, and reasonable and documented expenses in connection therewith (irrespective of whether any such Investor Indemnitee is a party to the action for which indemnification hereunder is sought), and including reasonable attorneys’ fees and disbursements (the “Indemnified Liabilities”), incurred by the Investor Indemnitees or any of them as a result of, or arising out of, or relating to (a) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement for the registration of the Shares as originally filed or in any amendment thereof, or in any related prospectus, or in any amendment thereof or supplement thereto, or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; provided, however, that the Company will not be liable in any such case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage or liability arises out of or is based upon any such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made therein in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by or on behalf of the Investor specifically for inclusion therein; (b) any material misrepresentation or breach of any material representation or material warranty made by the Company in this Agreement or any other certificate, instrument or document contemplated hereby or thereby; or (c) any material breach of any material covenant, material agreement or material obligation of the Company contained in this Agreement or any other certificate, instrument or document contemplated hereby or thereby. To the extent that the foregoing undertaking by the Company may be unenforceable under Applicable Law, the Company shall make the maximum contribution to the payment and satisfaction of each of the Indemnified Liabilities, which is permissible under Applicable Law.

Section 6.02. Indemnification by the Investor. In consideration of the Company’s execution and delivery of this Agreement, and in addition to all of the Investor’s other obligations under this Agreement, the Investor shall defend, protect, indemnify and hold harmless the Company, its Subsidiaries and all of its and their officers, directors, stockholders, employees and agents (including, without limitation, those retained in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement) and each person who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act (collectively, the “Company Indemnitees”) from and against any and all Indemnified Liabilities incurred by the Company Indemnitees or any of them as a result of, or arising out of, or relating to (a) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement for the registration of the Shares as originally filed or in any amendment thereof, or in any related prospectus, or in any amendment thereof or supplement thereto, or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; provided, however, that the Investor will only be liable for written information relating to the Investor furnished to the Company by or on behalf of the Investor specifically for inclusion in the documents referred to in the foregoing indemnity, and will not be liable in any such case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage or liability arises out of or is based upon any such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made therein in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Investor by or on behalf of the Company specifically for inclusion therein; (b) any misrepresentation or breach of any representation or warranty made by the Investor in this Agreement or any instrument or document contemplated hereby or thereby executed by the Investor; or (c) any breach of any covenant, agreement or obligation of the Investor contained in this Agreement or any other certificate, instrument or document contemplated hereby or thereby executed by the Investor. To the extent that the foregoing undertaking by the Investor may be unenforceable under Applicable Laws, the Investor shall make the maximum contribution to the payment and satisfaction of each of the Indemnified Liabilities, which is permissible under Applicable Laws.

Section 6.03. Notice of Claim. Promptly after receipt by an Investor Indemnitee or Company Indemnitee of notice of the commencement of any action or proceeding (including any governmental action or proceeding) involving an Indemnified Liability, such Investor Indemnitee or Company Indemnitee, as applicable, shall, if a claim for an Indemnified Liability in respect thereof is to be made against any indemnifying party under this Article VI, deliver to the indemnifying party a written notice of the commencement thereof; but the failure to so notify the indemnifying party will not relieve it of liability under this Article VI except to the extent the indemnifying party is prejudiced by such failure. The indemnifying party shall have the right to participate in, and, to the extent the indemnifying party so desires, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly noticed, to assume control of the defense thereof with counsel mutually reasonably satisfactory to the indemnifying party and the Investor Indemnitee or Company Indemnitee, as the case may be; provided, however, that an Investor Indemnitee or Company Indemnitee shall have the right to retain its own counsel with the actual and reasonable third party fees and expenses of not more than one counsel for such Investor Indemnitee or Company Indemnitee to be paid by the indemnifying party, if, in the reasonable opinion of counsel retained by the indemnifying party, the representation by such counsel of the Investor Indemnitee or Company Indemnitee and the indemnifying party would be inappropriate due to actual or potential differing interests between such Investor Indemnitee or Company Indemnitee and any other party represented by such counsel in such proceeding. The Investor Indemnitee or Company Indemnitee shall cooperate fully with the indemnifying party in connection with any negotiation or defense of any such action or claim by the indemnifying party and shall furnish to the indemnifying party all information reasonably available to the Investor Indemnitee or Company Indemnitee which relates to such action or claim. The indemnifying party shall keep the Investor Indemnitee or Company Indemnitee reasonably apprised as to the status of the defense or any settlement negotiations with respect thereto. No indemnifying party shall be liable for any settlement of any action, claim or proceeding effected without its prior written consent, provided, however, that the indemnifying party shall not unreasonably withhold, delay or condition its consent. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of the Investor Indemnitee or Company Indemnitee, consent to entry of any judgment or enter into any settlement or other compromise which does not include as an unconditional term thereof the giving by the claimant or plaintiff to such Investor Indemnitee or Company Indemnitee of a release from all liability in respect to such claim or litigation. Following indemnification as provided for hereunder, the indemnifying party shall be subrogated to all rights of the Investor Indemnitee or Company Indemnitee with respect to all third parties, firms or corporations relating to the matter for which indemnification has been made. The indemnification required by this Article VI shall be made by periodic payments of the amount thereof during the course of the investigation or defense, as and when bills are received and payment therefor is due.

Section 6.04. Remedies. The remedies provided for in this Article VI are not exclusive and shall not limit any right or remedy which may be available to any indemnified person at law or equity. The obligations of the parties to indemnify or make contribution under this Article VI shall survive expiration or termination of this Agreement.

Section 6.05. Limitation of liability. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no party shall seek, nor shall any be entitled to recover from the other party be liable for, special, incidental, indirect, consequential, punitive or exemplary damages.

Article VII. Covenants

The Company covenants with the Investor, and the Investor covenants with the Company, as follows, which covenants of one party are for the benefit of the other party, during the Commitment Period:

Section 7.01. Effective Registration Statement. From the time that the initial Registration Statement is declared effective by the SEC and continuing thereafter during the Commitment Period, the Company shall maintain the continuous effectiveness of a Registration Statement filed with the SEC under the Securities Act pursuant to and in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement.

Section 7.02. Listing. The Company shall use its best efforts to continue the listing and trading of its Common Shares and the listing of the Shares and Note Shares, respectively, on the Principal Market and to comply with the Company’s reporting, filing and other obligations under the rules and regulations of the Principal Market; provided that if the Company receives any final and non-appealable notice that the listing or quotation of the Common Shares on the Principal Market shall be terminated on a date certain or if the Company fails to maintain compliance with the continued listing requirements of the Principal Market, the Company shall promptly (and in any case within 24 hours) notify the Investor of such fact in writing and shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Common Shares to be listed or quoted on another Principal Market.

Section 7.03. Blue Sky. The Company shall take such action, if any, as is necessary by the Company in order to obtain an exemption for or to qualify the Shares and Note Shares for issuance by the Company to the Investor pursuant to the Transaction Documents, and at the request of the Investor, the subsequent resale of Registrable Securities by the Investor, in each case, under applicable state securities or “Blue Sky” laws and shall provide evidence of any such action so taken to the Investor from time to time during the Commitment Period; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required in connection therewith or as a condition thereto to (x) qualify to do business in any jurisdiction where it would not otherwise be required to qualify, (y) subject itself to general taxation in any such jurisdiction, or (z) file a general consent to service of process in any such jurisdiction.

Section 7.04. Suspension of Registration Statement.

(a) Establishment of a Black Out Period. During the Commitment Period, the Company from time to time may suspend the use of a Registration Statement by written notice to the Investor in the event that the Company determines in its sole discretion in good faith that such suspension is necessary to (A) delay the disclosure of material nonpublic information concerning the Company, the disclosure of which at the time is not, in the good faith opinion of the Company, in the best interests of the Company or (B) amend or supplement the Registration Statement or Prospectus so that such Registration Statement or Prospectus shall not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading (a “Black Out Period”).

(b) No Sales by Investor During the Black Out Period. During such Black Out Period, the Investor agrees not to sell any Common Shares pursuant to such Registration Statement, but may sell shares pursuant to an exemption from registration, if available, subject to the Investor’s compliance with Applicable Laws. For the avoidance of doubt, no Black Out Period shall prevent the Investor from converting the Promissory Note pursuant to its terms.

(c) Limitations on the Black Out Period. The Company shall not impose any Black Out Period that is longer than 30 days or in a manner that is more restrictive (including, without limitation, as to duration) than the comparable restrictions that the Company may impose on transfers of the Company’s equity securities by its directors and senior executive officers. In addition, the Company shall not deliver any Advance Notice during any Black Out Period. If the public announcement of such material, nonpublic information is made during a Black Out Period, the Black Out Period shall terminate immediately after such announcement, and the Company shall immediately notify the Investor of the termination of the Black Out Period.

Section 7.05. Listing of Common Shares. As of each Advance Notice Date, the Shares to be sold by the Company from time to time hereunder, and the Note Shares, will have been registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act and approved for listing on the Principal Market, subject to official notice of issuance.

Section 7.06. Opinion of Counsel. Prior to the date of the delivery by the Company of the first Advance Closing following the date thereof, the Investor shall have received an opinion letter from counsel to the Company in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Investor.

Section 7.07. Exchange Act Registration. The Company will file in a timely manner all reports and other documents required of it as a reporting company under the Exchange Act and, during the Commitment Period, will not take any action or file any document (whether or not permitted by Exchange Act or the rules thereunder) to terminate or suspend its reporting and filing obligations under the Exchange Act.

Section 7.08. Transfer Agent Instructions. For any time while there is a Registration Statement in effect for this transaction, the Company shall (if required by the transfer agent for the Common Shares) deliver to the transfer agent for the Common Shares (with a copy to the Investor) (i) instructions to issue Common Shares to the Investor free of restrictive legends upon each Advance if the delivery of such instructions are consistent with Applicable Law, in each case supported as needed by an opinion from legal counsel for the Company and (ii) an opinion of Company counsel, stating that Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act (“Rule 144”) is available as an exemption from registration for the resale of the Common Shares.

Section 7.09. Corporate Existence. The Company will use commercially reasonable efforts to preserve and continue the corporate existence of the Company during the Commitment Period.

Section 7.10. Notice of Certain Events Affecting Registration; Suspension of Right to Make an Advance. The Company will promptly notify the Investor, and confirm in writing, upon its becoming aware of the occurrence of any of the following events in respect of a Registration Statement or related Prospectus (such information to be held in strict confidence by Investor until such time as it is publicly disclosed by the Company): (i) the issuance by the SEC or any other federal governmental authority of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the initiation of any proceedings for that purpose; or (ii) the happening of any event that makes any statement made in the Registration Statement or related Prospectus or any document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated therein by reference untrue in any material respect or that requires the making of any changes in the Registration Statement, related Prospectus or documents so that, in the case of the Registration Statement, it will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and that in the case of the related Prospectus, it will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, or of the necessity to amend the Registration Statement or supplement a related Prospectus to comply with the Securities Act or any other law (and the Company will promptly make available to the Investor any such supplement or amendment to the related Prospectus). The Company shall not deliver to the Investor any Advance Notice, and the Company shall not sell any Shares pursuant to any pending Advance Notice (other than as required pursuant to Section 3.01), during the continuation of any of the foregoing events (each of the events described in the immediately preceding clauses (i) through (ii), inclusive, a “Material Outside Event”).

Section 7.11. Consolidation. If an Advance Notice has been delivered to the Investor, then the Company shall not effect any consolidation of the Company with or into, or a transfer of all or substantially all the assets of the Company to another entity before the transaction contemplated in such Advance Notice has been closed in accordance with Section 2.02 hereof, and all Shares in connection with such Advance have been received by the Investor.

Section 7.12. Issuance of the Company’s Common Shares and Promissory Notes. The issuance and sale of the Common Shares and Promissory Notes to the Investor hereunder shall be made in accordance with the provisions and requirements of Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and any applicable state securities law.

Section 7.13. Expenses. The Company, whether or not the transactions contemplated hereunder are consummated or this Agreement is terminated, will pay all expenses incident to the performance of its obligations hereunder, including but not limited to (i) the preparation, printing and filing of the Registration Statement and each amendment and supplement thereto, of each Prospectus and of each amendment and supplement thereto; (ii) the preparation, issuance and delivery of any Shares, the Promissory Notes and the Note Shares issued pursuant to this Agreement and the Promissory Notes, as applicable, (iii) all fees and disbursements of the Company’s counsel, accountants and other advisors (but not, for the avoidance doubt, the fees and disbursements of Investor’s counsel, accountants and other advisors), (iv) the qualification of the Shares, the Promissory Notes and Note Shares under securities laws in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, including filing fees in connection therewith, (v) the printing and delivery of copies of any Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto requested by the Investor, (vi) the fees and expenses incurred in connection with the listing or qualification of the Shares, the Promissory Notes and Note Shares for trading on the Principal Market, or (vii) filing fees of the SEC and the Principal Market.

Section 7.14. Current Report. The Company shall, not later than 9:30 a.m., New York City time, on the first Trading Day following the date of this Agreement, file with the SEC a Current Report on Form 8-K describing all the material terms of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents in the form required by the Exchange Act and attaching all the material Transaction Documents (including any exhibits thereto, the “Current Report”), which Current Report shall include all material, nonpublic information required to be disclosed in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. The Company shall provide the Investor and its legal counsel a reasonable opportunity to comment on a draft of the Current Report prior to filing the Current Report with the SEC and shall give due consideration to all such comments that are timely received by the Company. In addition, effective upon the filing of the Current Report, the Company acknowledges and agrees that any and all confidentiality or similar obligations, whether written or oral, between the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, affiliates, employees or agents, on the one hand, and Investor or any of its respective officers, directors, affiliates, employees or agents, on the other hand shall terminate. The Company shall not, and the Company shall cause each of its Subsidiaries and each of its and their respective officers, directors, employees and agents not to, provide the Investor with any material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of its Subsidiaries without the express prior written consent of the Investor (which may be granted or withheld in the Investor’s sole discretion). The Company understands and confirms that the Investor will rely on the foregoing representations in effecting resales of Shares.

Section 7.15. Use of Proceeds. The proceeds from the first Pre-Paid Advance shall be used by the Company first to repay up to $751,600 outstanding under that certain Debenture held by Tall City Well Service Co., LP and related to the Security Agreement, dated as of February 23, 2024 and up to approximately $465,000 under that certain Beauford Acquisition Note dated December 17, 2021 with Solis Partners LLC and then the remainder in the manner as will be set forth in the Prospectus included in any Registration Statement (and any post-effective amendment thereto) and any Prospectus Supplement thereto filed pursuant to this Agreement, including for working capital purposes for the Company and its subsidiaries. The proceeds from any sale of the Shares by the Company to the Investor shall be used by the Company first to pay the Note Payment and any payments due under the Promissory Notes in accordance with Section 3.01(a)(iii) hereof and then the remainder in the manner as set forth in the Prospectus included in any Registration Statement (and any post-effective amendment thereto) and any Prospectus Supplement thereto filed pursuant to this Agreement, including for working capital purposes for the Company and its Subsidiaries. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary will, directly or indirectly, use the proceeds of the transactions contemplated herein (including those proceeds from the Pre-Paid Advances) to repay any advances or loans to any executives or employees of the Company or any Subsidiary or to make any payments in respect of any related party obligations, including without limitation any payables or notes payable to related parties of the Company or any Subsidiary whether or not such amounts are described on the balance sheets of the Company in any SEC Documents and any Subsidiary or described in any “Related Party Transactions” section of any SEC Documents.

Section 7.16. Market Activities. Neither the Company, nor any Subsidiary, nor any of their respective officers, directors or controlling persons will, directly or indirectly, (i) take any action designed to cause or result in, or that constitutes or might reasonably be expected to constitute or result, in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of Common Shares or (ii) sell, bid for, or purchase Common Shares in violation of Regulation M, or pay anyone any compensation for soliciting purchases of the Shares.

Section 7.17. Trading Information. On the first Trading Day of each week (provided the Investor sold any shares during the prior week) and otherwise upon the Company’s reasonable request, the Investor agrees to provide the Company with trading reports setting forth the number and average sales prices of shares of Common Shares sold by the Investor during the prior trading week.

Section 7.18. Selling Restrictions. (i) Except as expressly set forth below, the Investor covenants that from and after the date of the Original Agreement through and including the Trading Day next following the expiration or termination of this Agreement as provided in Section 10.01 (the “Restricted Period”), none of the Investor, any of its officers, or any entity managed or controlled by the Investor (collectively, the “Restricted Persons” and each of the foregoing is referred to herein as a “Restricted Person”) shall, directly or indirectly, (i) engage in any “short sale” (as such term is defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO of the Exchange Act) of the Common Shares, or (ii) engage in any hedging transaction, which establishes a net short position with respect to the Common Shares, in each case either for its own principal account or for the principal account of any other Restricted Person. Notwithstanding the foregoing, it is expressly understood and agreed that nothing contained herein shall (without implication that the contrary would otherwise be true) prohibit any Restricted Person during the Restricted Period from: (1) selling “long” (as defined under Rule 200 promulgated under Regulation SHO) the Shares; or (2) selling a number of Common Shares equal to the number of Advance Shares that such Restricted Person is unconditionally obligated to purchase under a pending Advance Notice but has not yet received from the Company or the transfer agent pursuant to this Agreement.

Section 7.19. Assignment. Neither this Agreement nor any rights or obligations of the parties hereto may be assigned to any other Person, provided however that the Investor may assign its rights and obligations hereunder to an Affiliate.

Section 7.20. No Frustration; No Variable Rate Transactions, Etc.

(a) No Frustration. The Company shall not enter into, announce or recommend to its stockholders any agreement, plan, arrangement or transaction in or of which the terms thereof would restrict, materially delay, conflict with or impair the ability or right of the Company to perform its obligations under the Transaction Documents to which it is a party, including, without limitation, the obligation of the Company to deliver the Shares to the Investor in respect of an Advance Notice.

(b) No Variable Rate Transactions or Related Party Payments.

(i) Until the termination of this Agreement, the Company and each Subsidiary shall be prohibited from effecting or entering into an agreement to effect any Subsequent Placement involving a Variable Rate Transaction.

(ii) From the date of the Original Agreement and until the date on which the Company is eligible to register the offer and sale of its securities on a Form S-3 and while any Promissory Notes are outstanding, the Company must, in connection with any Subsequent Placement (other than a Subsequent Placement in connection with a Permitted Indebtedness, as described in the Promissory Note) not involving a Variable Rate Transaction, use at least twenty percent (20%) of the net proceeds (after discounts and commissions) received in such Subsequent Placement (other than a Subsequent Placement in connection with a Permitted Indebtedness, as described in the Promissory Note) to repay amounts outstanding under the Promissory Notes.

(iii) “Variable Rate Transaction” means a transaction in which the Company or any Subsidiary (i) issues or sells any Convertible Securities either (A) at a conversion, exercise or exchange rate or other price that is based upon and/or varies with the trading prices of or quotations for the Common Shares at any time after the initial issuance of such Convertible Securities, or (B) with a conversion, exercise or exchange price that is subject to being reset at some future date after the initial issuance of such Convertible Securities or upon the occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly related to the business of the Company or the market for the Common Shares, other than pursuant to a customary “weighted average” anti-dilution provision or (ii) enters into any agreement (including, without limitation, an equity line of credit or an “at-the-market” offering) whereby the Company or any Subsidiary may sell securities at a future determined price (other than standard and customary “preemptive” or “participation” rights). The Investor shall be entitled to obtain injunctive relief against the Company and its Subsidiaries to preclude any such issuance, which remedy shall be in addition to any right to collect damages.

(iv) Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary this Section shall not apply to any issuance of securities pursuant to this Agreement or the Transactions.

Section 7.21. Additional Issuance of Securities. Until the termination of this Agreement, the Company will not, without the prior written consent of the Investor, issue any Common Shares or Common Share Equivalents (other than to the Investor as contemplated hereby) and the Company shall not issue any other securities that would cause a breach or default under the Promissory Notes. The Company agrees that for each period commencing on the date of this Agreement, through, and including, the date of termination of this Agreement (each, a “Additional Issuance Restricted Period”), neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries shall directly or indirectly:

(a) file a registration statement under the Securities Act relating to securities that are not the Registrable Securities (other than a registration statement on Form S-4, Form S-8 or such supplements or amendments to registration statements that are outstanding and have been declared effective by the SEC as of the date of the Original Agreement (including the Registration Statement) (solely to the extent necessary to keep such registration statements effective and available and not with respect to any Subsequent Placement)); or (b) issue, offer, sell, grant any option or right to purchase, or otherwise dispose of (or announce any issuance, offer, sale, grant of any option or right to purchase or other disposition of) any equity security or any equity-linked or related security (including, without limitation, any “equity security” (as that term is defined under Rule 405 promulgated under the Securities Act)), any Convertible Securities, any debt, any preferred stock or any purchase rights (any such issuance, offer, sale, grant, disposition or announcement (whether occurring during the Additional Issuance Restricted Period or at any time thereafter) is referred to as a “Subsequent Placement”).

Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Section 4(j) shall not apply in respect of the issuance of Excluded Securities.

(c) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, while any Promissory Notes are outstanding, the Company agrees not to issue, sell, grant, or otherwise dispose of any securities, or enter into any agreement or arrangement to do so, at a price per security less than 120% of the Floor Price (as defined in the Promissory Notes) on such date, or otherwise provide rights to acquire securities at an effective price per security below 120% of the Floor Price unless the proceeds of such transaction is used to fully redeem such outstanding Promissory Notes.

Section 7.22. Cash Requirement. At all times during the Commitment Period, the Company agrees to maintaining a minimum cash balance of $500,000.

Section 7.23. Non-Public Information. Neither the Company, nor any of their respective directors, officers, employees or agents shall disclose any material non-public information about the Company to the Investor, unless a simultaneous public announcement thereof is made by the Company in the manner contemplated by Regulation FD. In the event of a breach of the foregoing covenant by the Company, or any of their respective directors, officers, employees and agents (as determined in the reasonable good faith judgment of the Investor), (i) the Investor shall promptly provide written notice of such breach to the Company and (ii) after such notice has been provided to the Company and, provided that the Company shall have failed to publicly disclose such material, non-public information within 24 hours following demand therefor by the Investor, in addition to any other remedy provided herein or in the other Transaction Documents, the Investor shall have the right to make a public disclosure, in the form of a press release, public advertisement or otherwise, of such material, non-public information without the prior approval by the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective directors, officers, employees or agents. The Investor shall not have any liability to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective directors, officers, employees, stockholders or agents, for any such disclosure. The Company shall not disclose any material non-public information to the Investor without the Investor’s prior written consent.

Section 7.24. Lock-Up Agreements. The Company shall not amend, modify, waive or terminate any provision of any of the Lock-Up Agreements (or any substantially similar lock-up agreements signed by transferees of the initial parties to the Lock-Up Agreements) (the “Lock-Up Agreements”) except to extend the term of the lock-up period (the “Lock-Up Term”) and shall enforce the provisions of each Lock-Up Agreement (or any substantially similar lock-up agreements signed by transferees of the initial parties to the Lock-Up Agreements) in accordance with its terms. If any party to a Lock-Up Agreement (or any substantially similar lock-up agreements signed by transferees of the initial parties to the Lock-Up Agreements) breaches any provision of a Lock-Up Agreement, the Company shall promptly use its best efforts to seek specific performance of the terms of such Lock-Up Agreement.

Section 7.25. Stockholder Approval. The Company shall provide each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders of the Company (the “Stockholder Meeting”), which shall be promptly called and held not later than ninety (90) following the date of this Agreement (the “Stockholder Meeting Deadline”), a proxy statement in a form reasonably acceptable to the Investor and Sullivan & Worcester LLP, at the expense of the Company, with the Company obligated to reimburse the expenses of Sullivan & Worcester LLP incurred in connection therewith in an amount not to exceed $50,000. The proxy statement shall solicit each of the Company’s stockholders’ affirmative vote at the Stockholder Meeting for approval of the proposals (“Stockholder Proposals”) to authorize: (i) the issuance of all of the Shares and Note Shares issuable hereunder and pursuant to the Promissory Notes in compliance with the rules and regulations of the Principal Market and (ii) an amendment to the Articles of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of capital stock of the Company to 3,000,000,000 (such affirmative approvals being referred to herein as the “Stockholder Approval”, and the date such Stockholder Approval is obtained, the “Stockholder Approval Date”), and the Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to solicit its stockholders’ approval of such proposals and to cause the board of directors of the Company to recommend to the stockholders that they approve such proposals. The Company shall be obligated to seek to obtain the Stockholder Approval by the Stockholder Meeting Deadline. If, despite the Company’s reasonable best efforts the Stockholder Approval is not obtained by such Stockholder Approval Date, the Company shall adjourn and reconvene the Stockholder Meeting at least as often as every thirty (30) calendar days thereafter until such Stockholder Approval is obtained, but in no event later than the three hundred and sixty-fifth (365th) calendar day after the date of this Agreement.

Section 7.26. Voting Agreements. On or prior to the date of the Original Agreement, the Company shall enter into voting agreements substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit C (the “Voting Agreements”) with stockholders holding, in the aggregate at least 50.01% of the outstanding voting securities of the Company (the "Required Stockholders"), which shall obligate the Required Stockholders to vote all of their shares in favor of the Stockholder Proposals at the Stockholder Meeting, or to execute written consents in lieu thereof.

Section 7.27. Release of Security. Within three (3) Trading Days of the date of the Original Agreement, the Company shall file, or cause to be filed, with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and the Secretary of State of any other applicable jurisdiction, UCC-3 statements of amendment and such other documents and instruments related to terminate any UCC-1 financing statements filed in connection with the Debentures.

Section 7.28. Reservation. As of the applicable Closing, the Company shall have reserved from its duly authorized capital stock not less than 100% of the Common Shares issuable hereunder and 100% of the sum of the maximum number of Note Shares issuable upon conversion of the Promissory Notes (assuming for purposes hereof that (x) the Promissory Notes are convertible at the Floor Price (as defined in the Promissory Notes) assuming a Floor Conversion Date (as defined in the Note) as of the first Pre-Advance Closing, (y) interest on the Promissory Notes shall accrue through the first (1st) anniversary of the applicable Closing Date and will be converted in Common Shares at a conversion price equal to the Floor Price assuming a Floor Conversion Date as of the date of the Original Agreement and (z) any such conversion shall not take into account any limitations on the conversion of the Notes set forth in the Notes). Upon issuance or conversion in accordance with the Notes (as the case may be), the Note Shares, when issued, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free from all preemptive or similar rights or Liens with respect to the issue thereof, with the holders being entitled to all rights accorded to a holder of Common Stock.

Article VIII. Non-Exclusive Agreement.

Except as provided herein or in the Promissory Note, this Agreement and the rights awarded to the Investor hereunder are non-exclusive, and the Company may, at any time throughout the term of this Agreement and thereafter, issue and allot, or undertake to issue and allot, to any person or persons any shares and/or securities and/or convertible notes, bonds, debentures, options to acquire shares or other securities and/or other facilities which may be converted into or replaced by Common Shares or other securities of the Company, and to extend, renew and/or recycle any bonds and/or debentures, and/or grant any rights with respect to its existing and/or future share capital.

Article IX. Choice of Law/Jurisdiction

Section 9.01. This Agreement, and any and all claims, proceedings or causes of action relating to this Agreement or arising from this Agreement or the transactions contemplated herein, including, without limitation, tort claims, statutory claims and contract claims, shall be interpreted, construed, governed and enforced under and solely in accordance with the substantive and procedural laws of the State of Nevada, in each case as in effect from time to time and as the same may be amended from time to time, and as applied to agreements performed wholly within the State of Nevada. The Parties further agree that any action between them shall be heard in the state and federal courts sitting in the Clark County, Nevada, and expressly consent to the jurisdiction and venue of the state and federal courts sitting in the Clark County, Nevada, for the adjudication of any civil action asserted pursuant to this Agreement.

EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREIN, THE PERFORMANCE THEREOF OR THE FINANCINGS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY (WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER THEORY). EACH PARTY HERETO (A) CERTIFIES THAT NO REPRESENTATIVE, AGENT OR ATTORNEY OF ANY OTHER PARTY HAS REPRESENTED, EXPRESSLY OR OTHERWISE, THAT SUCH OTHER PARTY WOULD NOT, IN THE EVENT OF LITIGATION, SEEK TO ENFORCE THE FOREGOING WAIVER AND (B) ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT AND THE OTHER PARTY HERETO HAVE BEEN INDUCED TO ENTER INTO THIS AGREEMENT BY, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE MUTUAL WAIVERS AND CERTIFICATIONS IN THIS PARAGRAPH.

Article X. Termination

Section 10.01. Termination.

(a) Unless earlier terminated as provided hereunder, this Agreement shall terminate automatically on the earliest of (i) the first day of the next month following the 36-month anniversary of the Effective Date, or (ii) the date on which the Investor shall have made payment of Advances pursuant to this Agreement for Common Shares equal to the Commitment Amount.

(b) The Company may terminate this Agreement effective upon five (5) Trading Days’ prior written notice to the Investor; provided that (i) there are no outstanding Advance Notices, the Common Shares under which have yet to be issued, and (ii) none of the Promissory Notes are outstanding. This Agreement may be terminated at any time by the mutual written consent of the parties, effective as of the date of such mutual written consent unless otherwise provided in such written consent.

(c) Nothing in this Section 10.01 shall be deemed to release the Company or the Investor from any liability for any breach under this Agreement, or to impair the rights of the Company and the Investor to compel specific performance by the other party of its obligations under this Agreement. The indemnification provisions contained in Article VI shall survive termination hereunder.

Article XI. Notices

Other than with respect to Advance Notices, which must be in writing and will be deemed delivered on the day set forth in Section 3.01(c), any notices, consents, waivers, or other communications required or permitted to be given under the terms of this Agreement must be in writing and will be deemed to have been delivered (a) upon receipt, when delivered personally; (b) upon receipt, when sent by e-mail if sent on a Trading Day, or, if not sent on a Trading Day, on the immediately following Trading Day; (c) 5 days after being sent by U.S. certified mail, return receipt requested, (d) one day after deposit with a nationally recognized overnight delivery service, in each case properly addressed to the party to receive the same. The addresses for such communications (except for Advance Notices which shall be delivered in accordance with Exhibit D hereof) shall be:

If to the Company, to:	New Era Helium Inc. 4501 Santa Rosa Drive Midland, TX 79707
	Attn:	E. Will Gray II, Chief Executive Officer
	Telephone:	(432) 695-6997
	Email:	will@newerahelium.com

With a copy to (which shall not constitute notice or delivery of process) to:	Loeb & Loeb LLP 345 Park Avenue New York, NY 10154
	Attn:	Alexandria E. Kane
	Telephone:	(212) 407.4017
	Email:	akane@loeb.com

If to the Investor(s):

[*]

With a copy (which shall not constitute notice or delivery of process) to:	Sullivan & Worcester LLP 1251 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10020
	Telephone:	(212) 660-3060
	Attn:	David Danovitch, Esq.
	Email:	ddanovitch@sullivanlaw.com

or at such other address and/or e-mail and/or to the attention of such other person as the recipient party has specified by written notice given to each other party three Trading Days prior to the effectiveness of such change. Written confirmation of receipt (i) given by the recipient of such notice, consent, waiver or other communication, (ii) electronically generated by the sender’s email service provider containing the time, date, recipient email address or (iii) provided by a nationally recognized overnight delivery service shall be rebuttable evidence of personal service in accordance with clause (i), (ii) or (iii) above, respectively.

Article XII. Miscellaneous

Section 12.01. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in identical counterparts, both which shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to the other party. Facsimile or other electronically scanned and delivered signatures (including any electronic signature covered by the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, Uniform Electronic Transactions Act, the Electronic Signatures and Records Act or other applicable law, e.g., www.docusign.com), including by e-mail attachment, shall be deemed to have been duly and validly delivered and be valid and effective for all purposes of this Agreement.

Section 12.02. Entire Agreement; Amendments. This Agreement supersedes all other prior oral or written agreements between the Investor, the Company, their respective affiliates and persons acting on their behalf with respect to the matters discussed herein, and this Agreement contains the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the matters covered herein and, except as specifically set forth herein, neither the Company nor the Investor makes any representation, warranty, covenant or undertaking with respect to such matters. No provision of this Agreement may be waived or amended other than by an instrument in writing signed by the parties to this Agreement.

Section 12.03. Reporting Entity for Common Shares. The reporting entity relied upon for the determination of the trading price or trading volume of the Common Shares on any given Trading Day for the purposes of this Agreement shall be Bloomberg, L.P. or any successor thereto. The written mutual consent of the Investor and the Company shall be required to employ any other reporting entity.

Section 12.04. Fees; Incentive Shares. The Company shall reimburse the Investor for all legal fees and expenses and reasonable costs and expenses incurred by it or its affiliates in connection with the structuring, documentation, diligence, negotiation, applicable closing and post-closing, as applicable, including related amendments, waivers, enforcement actions, compliance checks or legal audits, of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents irrespective of whether or not any Closings occur (including, without limitation, as applicable, any other reasonable and documented fees and expenses in connection with the structuring, documentation, negotiation and closing of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents and due diligence and regulatory filings in connection therewith) (the “Transaction Expenses”) and such Transaction Expenses shall be withheld by the Investor from its Purchase Price at each applicable Closing; provided, that the Company shall promptly reimburse Sullivan & Worcester LLP (and/or the Investor, as applicable) on demand for all Transaction Expenses applicable thereto in accordance hereto not so reimbursed through such withholding at such applicable Closing. The Company shall be responsible for the payment of any placement agent’s fees, financial advisory fees, transfer agent fees, DTC (as defined below) fees or broker’s commissions (other than for Persons engaged by the Investor) relating to or arising out of the transactions contemplated hereby. The Company shall pay, and hold the Investor harmless against, any liability, loss or expense (including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ fees and out-of-pocket expenses) arising in connection with any claim relating to any such payment. In addition, on or prior to the date of this Agreement, the Investor shall receive the Incentive Shares.

[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Equity Purchase Facility Agreement to be executed by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, as of the date first set forth above.

COMPANY:

NEW ERA HELIUM INC.

By:
	Name:	E. Will Gray II
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer

INVESTOR:

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[Signature Page to Fourth Amended and Restated Equity Purchase Facility Agreement]

ANNEX I TO THE

EQUITY PURCHASE FACILITY AGREEMENT

DEFINITIONS

“Accelerated Purchase Pricing Period” shall mean the period on the applicable Advance Notice Date with respect to an Advance Notice selecting an Accelerated Purchase Pricing Period commencing (i) if such notice is received via e-mail before 9:00 a.m. New York City time on such Trading Day and the Investor delivers an Accelerated Purchase Confirmation for such Advance Notice (at the Investor’s discretion), the opening of trading on the Primary Market, or (ii) if such notice is received via e-mail after 9:00 a.m. New York City time, and the Investor delivers an Accelerated Purchase Confirmation for such Advance Notice, at the time specified by the Investor in the Accelerated Purchase Confirmation, and in each instance, the Accelerated Purchase Pricing Period shall expire at 4:00 p.m. New York City time (or the close of regular trading hours on the Principal Market, if earlier) on the applicable Advance Notice Date.

“Accelerated Purchase Confirmation” means written confirmation delivered by the Investor (which may be delivered by e-mail), at the Investor’s discretion, accepting an Advance Notice selecting an Accelerated Purchase Pricing Period.

“Accredited Investor” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.05.

“Additional Issuance Restricted Period” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.21.

“Adjusted Advance Amount” means the lower of (i) the sum of (x) the Volume Threshold Adjusted Advance Amount and (y) the Long Coverage Shares and (ii) the Volume Amount Adjusted Advance Amount.

“Advance” shall mean any issuance and sale of Advance Shares by the Company to the Investor pursuant to this Agreement.

“Advance Date” shall mean the first Trading Day after expiration of the applicable Pricing Period for each Advance.

“Advance Notice” shall mean a written notice in the form of Exhibit D attached hereto to the Investor executed by an officer of the Company and setting forth the number of Advance Shares that the Company desires to issue and sell to the Investor.

“Advance Notice Date” shall mean each date the Company is deemed to have delivered (in accordance with Section 3.01(c) of this Agreement) an Advance Notice to the Investor, subject to the terms of this Agreement.

“Advance Proceeds” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.01(a)(iii).

“Advance Shares” shall mean the Common Shares that the Company shall issue and sell to the Investor pursuant to the terms of this Agreement.

“Affiliate” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.07.

“Agreement” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble of this Agreement.

“Amortization Event” shall have the meaning in the Promissory Notes.

“Applicable Laws” shall mean all applicable laws, statutes, rules, regulations, orders, executive orders, directives, policies, guidelines and codes having the force of law, whether local, national, or international, as amended from time to time, including without limitation (i) all applicable laws that relate to money laundering, terrorist financing, financial record keeping and reporting, (ii) all applicable laws that relate to anti-bribery, anti-corruption, books and records and internal controls, including the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, and (iii) any Sanctions laws.

I-1

“Approved Stock Plan” means any employee benefit plan which has been approved by the board of directors of the Company prior to or subsequent to the date of the Original Agreement pursuant to which Common Shares and standard options to purchase Common Shares may be issued to any employee, officer or director for services provided to the Company in their capacity as such.

“Bankruptcy Law” means Title 11, U.S. Code, or any similar federal, state or similar laws for the relief of debtors.

“Black Out Period” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.04(a).

“Business Combination” shall have the meaning set forth in the Preamble.

“Closing” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.04.

“Commitment Amount” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals of this Agreement.

“Commitment Period” shall mean the period commencing on the date of the Original Agreement and expiring upon the date of termination of this Agreement in accordance with Section 10.01.

“Common Share Equivalents” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.23(a).

“Common Shares” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals of this Agreement.

“Company” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble of this Agreement.

“Company Indemnitees” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6.02.

“Condition Satisfaction Date” shall have the meaning set forth in Annex II.

“Confirmation Deadline” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.01(b)(i).

“Conversion Price” shall have the meaning set forth in the Promissory Notes.

“Convertible Securities” shall mean any capital stock or other security of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries that is at any time and under any circumstances directly or indirectly convertible into, exercisable or exchangeable for, or which otherwise entitles the holder thereof to acquire, any capital stock or other security of the Company (including, without limitation, Common Shares) or any of its Subsidiaries.

“Current Report” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.14.

“Custodian” means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.

“Daily Traded Amount” shall mean the daily trading volume of the Common Shares on the Principal Market during regular trading hours as reported by Bloomberg L.P.

“Debentures” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.15.

“Effective Date” shall mean the first Trading Day immediately following the date of the Original Agreement.

“Environmental Laws” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.14.

“Exchange Act” shall mean the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

“Exchange Cap” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.02(c).

I-2

“Excluded Day” shall mean the Equity Condition Excluded Day or the VWAP Excluded Day, as applicable:

(a) “Equity Condition Excluded Day” each Trading Day during a Pricing Period on which (A) the Company or any of its respective directors, officers, employees or agents has disclosed any material non-public information about the Company to the Investor (unless a simultaneous public announcement thereof is made by the Company in the manner contemplated by Regulation FD), or (B) any of the conditions set forth in subparagraphs (b), (i) or (j) to Annex II to this Agreement are not satisfied.

(b) “VWAP Excluded Day” each Trading Day during a Pricing Period for which there is no VWAP for the Common Shares.

“Excluded Securities” means (i) Common Shares or options to purchase Common Shares issued to directors, officers or employees of the Company for services rendered to the Company in their capacity as such pursuant to an Approved Stock Plan, provided that (A) all such issuances (taking into account the Common Shares issuable upon exercise of such options) after the date of this Agreement pursuant to this clause (i) do not, in the aggregate, exceed more than 8% of the Common Shares issued and outstanding as of the date hereof and (B) the exercise price of any such options is not lowered, none of such options are amended to increase the number of shares issuable thereunder and none of the terms or conditions of any such options are otherwise materially changed in any manner that adversely affects any Promissory Note holder; (ii) Common Shares issued upon the conversion or exercise of Convertible Securities (other than options to purchase Common Shares issued pursuant to an Approved Stock Plan that are covered by clause (i) above) issued prior to the date of this Agreement, provided that the conversion, exercise or other method of issuance (as the case may be) of any such Convertible Security is made solely pursuant to the conversion, exercise or other method of issuance (as the case may be) provisions of such Convertible Security that were in effect on the date immediately prior to the date of this Agreement, the conversion, exercise or issuance price of any such Convertible Securities (other than options to purchase Common Shares issued pursuant to an Approved Stock Plan that are covered by clause (i) above) is not lowered, none of such Convertible Securities (other than standard options to purchase Common Shares issued pursuant to an Approved Stock Plan that are covered by clause (i) above) are amended to increase the number of shares issuable thereunder and none of the terms or conditions of any such Convertible Securities (other than options to purchase Common Shares issued pursuant to an Approved Stock Plan that are covered by clause (i) above) are otherwise materially changed in any manner that adversely affects the Investor; (iii) the Common Shares issuable pursuant to the terms of the Promissory Notes, including, without limitation, upon conversion or otherwise; (iv) any Common Shares issued or issuable in connection with any acquisitions (whether by merger, consolidation, purchase of equity, purchase of assets, reorganization or otherwise), mergers, consolidations, or reorganizations approved by a majority of the disinterested directors of the Company, provided that any such issuance shall only be to a Person (or to the equityholders of a Person) which is, itself or through its subsidiaries, an operating company or an owner of an asset in a business complementary with the business of the Company and shall provide to the Company additional benefits in addition to the investment of funds, but shall not include a transaction in which the Company is issuing securities primarily for the purpose of raising capital or to an entity whose primary business is investing in securities, provided that such securities are issued as “restricted securities” (as defined in Rule 144) and carry no registration rights that require or permit the filing of any registration statement in connection therewith; and (v) up to 174,358 Common Shares currently held on treasury.

“Existing Agreement” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals of this Agreement.

“Extended Daily VWAP” means, for any Trading Day, the VWAP for such Trading Day during Extended Trading Hours as reported by the Reporting Service. All such determinations shall be appropriately adjusted for any stock dividend, stock split, stock combination, recapitalization or other similar transaction during such period.

“Extended Hourly VWAP” means, for any Trading Day, the VWAP during any given one-hour interval beginning at 5:30 a.m. New York City time through 4:00 p.m. New York City time, as reported by the Reporting Service. The last 30 minutes of trading on a Trading Day will count as the final “one-hour” interval of such Trading Day.

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“Extended Purchase Confirmation” means written confirmation delivered by the Investor (which may be delivered by e-mail), at the Investor’s discretion, to the Company accepting an Advance Notice with an Extended Purchase Pricing Period and specifying the time the Pricing Period begins.

“Extended Trading Hours” means the trading hours during any Trading Day that the Principal Market is open, beginning at 5:30 a.m. New York City time and ending at 4:00 p.m. New York City time (or at the time the Principal Market closes, if earlier) on such Trading Day.

“Extended VWAP” means, for any Trading Day that the Common Shares is then listed or quoted on a Principal Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Shares for applicable measurement period on the Principal Market during the Extended Trading Hours of the Principal Market as reported by the Reporting Service. All such determinations shall be appropriately adjusted for any stock dividend, stock split, stock combination, recapitalization or other similar transaction during such measurement period.

“First A&R Agreement” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals of this Agreement.

“First Pre-Advance Closing” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.01.

“Floor Price” means $0.7176 per Common Share; provided, however, beginning on July 15, 2025 and on the same day of every six (6) months thereafter (each, a “Floor Price Reset Date”), the Floor Price shall be adjusted (downwards only) to 20% of the average VWAP of the Common Shares during the five (5) Trading Days immediately prior to such Floor Price Reset Date. Notwithstanding the foregoing and subject to the rules and regulations of the Principal Market, the Company may reduce the Floor Price then in effect to any amount set forth in a written notice to the Investor; provided that such reduction shall be irrevocable and shall not be subject to increase thereafter.

“GAAP” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.07.

“GDPR” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.37.

“Government Entity” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.33.

“Guarantees” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.07.

“Hazardous Materials” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.14.

“HIPAA” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.37.

“Holdings” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals of this Agreement.

“Incentive Shares” shall mean 550,000 Common Shares payable to the Investor on or prior to the date of the Original Agreement, which shares shall be free from trading restriction on such date.

“Indebtedness” means (x) any liabilities for borrowed money or amounts owed in excess of $50,000 (other than trade accounts payable incurred in the ordinary course of business), (y) all guaranties, endorsements and other contingent obligations in respect of indebtedness of others, whether or not the same are or should be reflected in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet (or the notes thereto), except guaranties by endorsement of negotiable instruments for deposit or collection or similar transactions in the ordinary course of business; and (z) the present value of any lease payments in excess of $50,000 due under leases required to be capitalized in accordance with GAAP.

“Indemnified Liabilities” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6.01.

“Indenture” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals of this Agreement.

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“Insolvent” shall mean, whether on a consolidated or individual basis, (i) the Company and its Subsidiaries are unable to pay their debts and liabilities, subordinated, contingent or otherwise, as such debts and liabilities become absolute and matured, (ii) the present fair saleable value of the Company’s and its Subsidiaries’ assets is less than the amount required to pay the Company’s and its Subsidiaries’ total Indebtedness (as defined below) or (iii) the Company and its Subsidiaries intend to incur or believe that they will incur debts that would be beyond their ability to pay as such debts mature. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has engaged in any business or in any transaction, and is not about to engage in any business or in any transaction, for which the Company’s or such Subsidiary’s remaining assets constitute unreasonably small capital with which to conduct the business in which it is engaged as such business is now conducted and is proposed to be conducted.

“Investor” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble of this Agreement.

“Investor Indemnitees” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6.01.

“IT Systems” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.37.

“Lock-up Agreements” means the Lock-Up Agreements entered into by certain stockholders of the Company in connection with the Business Combination.

“Lock-up Term” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.24.

“Long Coverage Shares” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.02(e)(iii)

“Market Price” shall mean the Accelerated Purchase Market Price, Regular Purchase Market Price or Extended Purchase Market Price, as applicable.

(a) “Accelerated Purchase Market Price” for an Accelerated Purchase Pricing Period, the lower of (i) the lowest price the Common Shares traded during the applicable Accelerated Purchase Pricing Period and (ii) the lowest daily VWAP of the Common Shares during the applicable Pricing Period (in each case, to be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction that occurs on or after the date of the Original Agreement), and

(b) “Regular Purchase Market Price” for a Regular Purchase Pricing Period, the lower of: (i) the lowest price the Common Shares traded during the applicable Regular Purchase Pricing Period and (ii) the VWAP of the Common Shares during the applicable Pricing Period (in each case, to be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction that occurs on or after the date of the Original Agreement).

(c) “Extended Purchase Market Price” for an Extended Purchase Pricing Period, the lower of (i) the lowest price the Common Shares traded during the Extended Trading Day applicable to the Extended Purchase Pricing Period and (ii) the lowest Extended Hourly VWAP of the Common Shares during the Extended Trading Day applicable to the Extended Purchase Pricing Period.

“Material Adverse Effect” means any material adverse effect on (i) the business, properties, assets, liabilities, operations (including results thereof), condition (financial or otherwise) or prospects of the Company or any Subsidiary, individually or taken as a whole, (ii) the transactions contemplated hereby or in any of the other Transaction Documents or any other agreements or instruments to be entered into in connection herewith or therewith or (iii) the authority or ability of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to perform any of their respective obligations under any of the Transaction Documents.

“Material Outside Event” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.10.

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“Maximum Advance Amount” means:

(a)

“Accelerated Purchase Maximum Advance Amount” in respect of each Advance Notice with an Accelerated Purchase Pricing Period, 400% of the average Daily Traded Amount during the five consecutive Trading Days immediately preceding an Advance Notice Date, which amount shall not exceed the limitations set forth in Section 3.02 of this Agreement.

(b)

“Regular Purchase Maximum Advance Amount” in respect of each Advance Notice with a Regular Purchase Pricing Period, 100% of the average Daily Traded Amount during the five consecutive Trading Days immediately preceding an Advance Notice Date, which amount shall not exceed the limitations set forth in Section 3.02 of this Agreement.

(c)

“Extended Purchase Maximum Advance Amount” in respect of each Advance Notice with an Extended Purchase Pricing Period, 400% of the average Daily Traded Amount during the five consecutive Trading Days immediately preceding an Advance Notice Date, which amount shall not exceed the limitations set forth in Section 3.02 of this Agreement.

“Maximum Dollar Amount” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.02(f).

“Merger” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.01.

“Merger Sub” shall have the meaning set forth in the Preamble.

“Money Laundering Laws” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.32.

“Mortgages” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.06.

“NEC” shall have the meaning set forth in the Preamble.

“Notice Termination Time” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.23(b).

“OFAC” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.31.

“Original Agreement” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals of this Agreement.

“Original Issue Discount” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.02.

“Ownership Limitation” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.02(a).

“Participation Maximum” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.23(a).

“Party” and “Parties” shall each have the meaning set forth in the recitals of this Agreement.

“Perfection Certificate” shall have the meaning set forth in Annex II.

“Person” shall mean an individual, a corporation, a partnership, a limited liability company, a trust or other entity or organization, including a government or political subdivision or an agency or instrumentality thereof.

“Personal Data” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.37.

“Plan of Distribution” shall mean the section of a Registration Statement disclosing the plan of distribution of the Shares.

“Pre-Advance Closing” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.01.

“Pre-Notice” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.23(b).

“Pre-Paid Advance” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.01.

I-6

“Pricing Period” shall mean either the Accelerated Purchase Pricing Period, the Extended Purchase Pricing Period or the Regular Purchase Pricing Period, as applicable.

“Principal Market” shall mean the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC; provided however, that in the event the Common Shares are ever listed or traded on the New York Stock Exchange or the NYSE American then the “Principal Market” shall mean such other market or exchange on which the Common Shares are then listed to the extent such other market or exchange is the principal trading market or exchange for the Common Shares.

“Promissory Note” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.01.

“Prospectus” shall mean any prospectus (including, without limitation, all amendments and supplements thereto) used by the Company in connection with a Registration Statement, including documents incorporated by reference therein.

“Prospectus Supplement” shall mean any prospectus supplement to a Prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act, including documents incorporated by reference therein.

“Purchase Price” shall mean the price per Advance Share obtained by multiplying the Market Price by 95% in respect of an Advance Notice.

“Real Property” shall mean the real property, leases in real property, facilities or other interests in real property owned or held by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.

“Redomestication Merger” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals of this Agreement.

“Registration Limitation” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.02(b).

“Registration Rights Agreement” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals of this Agreement.

“Registration Statement” shall have the meaning set forth in the Registration Rights Agreement.

“Registrable Securities” shall have the meaning set forth in the Registration Rights Agreement.

“Regular Purchase Pricing Period” shall mean the three consecutive Trading Days commencing on the Advance Notice Date deemed delivered on either (i) if before 9:00 a.m. New York City Time, the day that such Advance Notice is received (or at such alter time if consented to by the Investor), or (ii) the day immediately succeeding the day that such Advance Notice is received if such Advance Notice is received after 9:00 a.m. New York City Time.

“Regulation D” shall mean the provisions of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act.

“Reporting Service” means either Bloomberg L.P. or FactSet Research Systems Inc., as determined by the Investor from time to time.

“Required Approvals” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.02.

“Restricted Period” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.18.

“Restricted Person” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.18.

“Roth” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals of this Agreement.

“Rule 144” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.08.

I-7

“Sanctions” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.31.

“Sanctioned Countries” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.31.

“SEC” shall mean the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

“SEC Documents” shall mean (1) any registration statement filed by the Company with the SEC, including the financial statements, schedules, exhibits and all other documents filed as a part thereof or incorporated therein and all information deemed to be a part thereof as of the effective date of such registration statement under the Securities Act, (2) any proxy statement or prospectus filed by the Company with the SEC, including all documents incorporated or deemed incorporated therein by reference, whether or not included in a registration statement, in the form in which such proxy statement or prospectus has most recently been filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act, (3) all reports, periodic reports, schedules, registrations, forms, statements, information and other documents filed with or furnished to the SEC by the Company pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the two years prior to the date of the Original Agreement, including, without limitation, the Current Report, (4) each Registration Statement, as the same may be amended from time to time, the Prospectus contained therein and each Prospectus Supplement thereto and (5) all information contained in such filings and all documents and disclosures that have been and heretofore shall be incorporated by reference therein.

“Securities Act” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals of this Agreement.

“Security Documents” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.06.

“Settlement Document” in respect of an Advance Notice delivered by the Company, shall mean a settlement document in the form set out on Exhibit E.

“Stockholder Approval” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.26.

“Shares” shall mean the Common Shares to be issued from time to time hereunder pursuant to an Advance.

“Subsequent Financing” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.23(a).

“Subsequent Financing Notice” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.23(b).

“Subsequent Placement” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.21.

“Subsequent Pre-Advance Closing” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.01.

“Subsidiaries” shall mean any Person in which the Company, directly or indirectly, (x) owns a majority of the outstanding capital stock or holds a majority of the equity or similar interest of such Person or (y) controls or operates all or substantially all of the business, operations or administration of such Person, and the foregoing are collectively referred to herein as “Subsidiaries.” For the avoidance of any doubt, the term “Subsidiary” shall also include NEC, for periods prior to the Merger.

“Trading Day” shall mean any day during which the Principal Market shall be open for business.

“Transactions” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals.

“Transaction Documents” means, collectively, this Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement, the Promissory Notes, the Security Documents, the Guarantees and each of the other agreements and instruments entered into or delivered by any of the parties hereto in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, as may be amended from time to time.

“Trustee” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals of this Agreement.

I-8

“Variable Rate Transaction” shall mean a transaction in which the Company (i) issues or sells any Common Shares or Common Share Equivalents that are convertible into, exchangeable or exercisable for, or include the right to receive additional Common Shares either (A) at a conversion price, exercise price, exchange rate or other price that is based upon and/or varies with the trading prices of or quotations for the Common Shares at any time after the initial issuance of Common Shares or Common Share Equivalents, or (B) with a conversion, exercise or exchange price that is subject to being reset at some future date after the initial issuance of such equity or debt security or upon the occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly related to the business of the Company or the market for the Common Shares (including, without limitation, any “full ratchet,” “share ratchet,” “price ratchet,” or “weighted average” anti-dilution provisions, but not including any standard anti-dilution protection for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction), or (ii) enters into any agreement, including but not limited to an “equity line of credit” or other continuous offering or similar offering of Common Shares or Common Share Equivalents. For the avoidance of doubt, an offering by the Company of securities pursuant to an effective registration statement (including on a Form S-3) at prevailing market prices at the time of any sale thereunder is expressly not a Variable Rate Transaction for purposes of this Agreement.

“Volume Amount Limitation” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.02(f).

“Volume Limit” means, the trading volume of the Shares on the Principal Market during such Pricing Period as reported by Bloomberg L.P. multiplied by (i) for the Accelerated Purchase Pricing Period and the Extended Purchase Pricing Period, 10%, and (ii) for the Regular Purchase Pricing Period, 30%.

“Volume Threshold” shall mean a number of Shares equal to the quotient of (i) the number of Advance Shares requested by the Company in an Advance Notice divided by (ii) in connection with an Accelerated Purchase Pricing Period and an Extended Purchase Pricing Period, 0.10, and in connection with a Regular Purchase Pricing Period, 0.30.

“Volume Threshold Failure” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.02(e).

“Voting Agreements” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.27.

“VWAP” shall mean for any Trading Day, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Shares for such Trading Day on the Principal Market during regular trading hours as reported by Bloomberg L.P through its “AQR” function. All such determinations shall be appropriately adjusted for any stock dividend, stock split, stock combination, recapitalization or other similar transaction during such period.

“8-K Filing” shall mean a Current Report on Form 8-K in each case reasonably acceptable to the Investor, disclosing a Closing, or other matters, as applicable.

I-9

ANNEX II TO THE

EQUITY PURCHASE FACILITY AGREEMENT

CONDITIONS PRECEDENT TO THE RIGHT OF THE COMPANY TO DELIVER AN ADVANCE NOTICE

The right of the Company to deliver an Advance Notice and the obligations of the Investor hereunder with respect to an Advance are subject to the satisfaction or waiver, on each Advance Notice Date (a “Condition Satisfaction Date”), of each of the following conditions:

(a)

Accuracy of the Company’s Representations and Warranties. The representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the Advance Notice Date, except to the extent such representations and warranties are as of another date, such representations and warranties shall be true and correct as of such other date.

(b)

Registration of the Shares with the SEC. There is an effective Registration Statement pursuant to which the Investor is permitted to utilize the prospectus thereunder to resell all of the Shares issuable pursuant to such Advance Notice. The Current Report shall have been filed with the SEC and the Company shall have filed with the SEC in a timely manner all reports, notices and other documents required under the Exchange Act and applicable SEC regulations during the twelve-month period immediately preceding the applicable Condition Satisfaction Date.

(c)

Authority. The Company shall have obtained all permits and qualifications required by any applicable state for the offer and sale of all the Common Shares issuable pursuant to such Advance Notice, or shall have the availability of exemptions therefrom. The sale and issuance of such Common Shares shall be legally permitted by all laws and regulations to which the Company is subject.

(d)

Board. The board of directors of the Company has approved the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents; said approval has not been amended, rescinded or modified and remains in full force and effect as of the date hereof, and a true, correct and complete copy of such resolutions duly adopted by the board of directors of the Company shall have been provided to the Investor.

(e)

Lock-Up Agreements. The Lock-Up Agreements shall be in full force and effect during the Lock-Up Term.

(f)

No Material Outside Event. No Material Outside Event shall have occurred and be continuing.

(g)

Performance by the Company. The Company shall have performed, satisfied and complied in all material respects with all covenants, agreements and conditions required by this Agreement to be performed, satisfied or complied with by the Company at or prior the applicable Condition Satisfaction Date.

(h)

No Injunction. No statute, rule, regulation, executive order, decree, ruling or injunction shall have been enacted, entered, promulgated or endorsed by any court or governmental authority of competent jurisdiction that prohibits or directly, materially and adversely affects any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

(i)

No Suspension of Trading in or Delisting of Common Shares. Trading in the Common Shares shall not have been suspended by the SEC, the Principal Market or FINRA, the Company shall not have received any final and non-appealable notice that the listing or quotation of the Common Shares on the Principal Market shall be terminated on a date certain (unless, prior to such date certain, the Common Shares is listed on any subsequent Principal Market), nor shall there have been imposed any suspension of, or restriction on, accepting additional deposits of the Common Shares, electronic trading or book-entry services by DTC with respect to the Common Shares that is continuing, the Company shall not have received any notice from DTC to the effect that a suspension of, or restriction on, accepting additional deposits of the Common Shares, electronic trading or book-entry services by DTC with respect to the Common Shares is being imposed or is contemplated (unless, prior to such suspension or restriction, DTC shall have notified the Company in writing that DTC has determined not to impose any such suspension or restriction).

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(j)

Authorized. All of the Shares issuable pursuant to the applicable Advance Notice shall have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action of the Company. All Shares relating to all prior Advance Notices required to have been received by the Investor under this Agreement shall have been delivered to the Investor in accordance with this Agreement.

(k)

Advance Notice. The representations contained in the applicable Advance Notice shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the applicable Condition Satisfaction Date.

(l)

Material Adverse Effect. No Material Adverse Effect shall have occurred and be continuing.

(m)

Transactions. The Effective Time shall have occurred and all other Transactions have been consummated.

(n)

Secured Interests.

(i)

In accordance with the terms of the Security Documents, the Company shall have delivered to the Collateral Agent (A) original certificates (if any) (I) representing the Subsidiaries’ shares of share capital to the extent such subsidiary is a corporation or otherwise has certificated equity and (II) representing all other equity interests and all promissory notes required to be pledged thereunder, in each case, accompanied by undated share powers and allonges executed in blank and other proper instruments of transfer and (B) appropriate financing statements on Form UCC-1 to be duly filed in such office or offices as may be necessary or, in the opinion of the Collateral Agent, desirable to perfect the security interests purported to be created by each Security Document (the “Perfection Certificate”).

(ii)

Within two (2) Trading Days prior to the Subsequent Pre-Advance Closing, the Company shall have delivered or caused to be delivered to the Investor and the Collateral Agent (A) certified copies of requests for copies of information on Form UCC-11, listing all effective financing statements which name as debtor the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and which are filed in such office or offices as may be necessary or, in the opinion of the Collateral Agent or the Investor, desirable to perfect the security interests purported to be created by the Security Agreement, together with copies of such financing statements, none of which, except as otherwise agreed in writing by the Collateral Agent, shall cover any of the Collateral (as defined in the Security Agreement), and the results of searches for any tax Lien and judgment Lien filed against such Person or its property, which results, except as otherwise agreed to in writing by the Collateral Agent and the Investors, shall not show any such Liens; and (B) a perfection certificate, duly completed and executed by the Company and each of its Subsidiaries, in form and substance satisfactory to the Investor.

(iii)

The Collateral Agent shall have received the Security Agreement, duly executed by the Company and each of its Subsidiaries, together with the original share certificates representing all of the equity interests and all promissory notes required to be pledged thereunder, accompanied by undated share powers and allonges executed in blank and other proper instruments of transfer.

(iv)

With respect to the Intellectual Property Rights, if any, of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, the Company and/or such Subsidiaries, as applicable, shall have duly executed and delivered to such Investor the Intellectual Property Security Agreement, in the form attached as Exhibit A to the Security Agreement.

(o)

Mortgages.

(i)

The Company shall have delivered or caused to be delivered to the Investor and the Collateral Agent evidence that mortgages have been registered on the Real Property and shall have delivered or caused to be delivered to the Investor and the Collateral Agent all supporting and ancillary documents necessary or desirable to grant to the Investor a first mortgage in fee simple over each Real Property.

(ii)

The Company shall have delivered to the Investor and the Collateral Agent (A) a title insurance policy in form and substance satisfactory to the Investor and the Collateral Agent as to the mortgages registered against the Real Property; and (B) certificates of insurance coverage evidencing that the Company and each of its Subsidiaries are carrying insurance and naming the Collateral Agent as mortgagee and first loss payee on all policies of property and title insurance and additional insured on all policies of liability insurance.

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(p)

Incentive Shares. The Investor shall have received the Incentive Shares on or prior to the date of the Original Agreement.

(q)

Voting Agreements. The Investor shall have received duly executed Voting Agreements from each Required Stockholder and such Voting Agreements shall be in full force and effect and shall not have been amended or waived.

(r)

Debentures. On or prior to the date of the Original Agreement, all amounts payable under the Debentures, other than the $751,600 that will be repaid with the proceeds from the first Pre-Advance shall have been converted into Common Shares in full satisfaction of any obligations thereunder.

(s)

Delivery. Furthermore, the Company shall not have the right to deliver an Advance Notice to the Investor if any of the following shall occur:

(i)

the Company breaches any representation or warranty in any material respect, or breaches any covenant or other term or condition under any Transaction Document in any material respect, and except in the case of a breach of a covenant which is reasonably curable, only if such breach continues for a period of at least five (5) consecutive Trading Days;

(ii)

if any Person commences a proceeding against the Company pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law for so long as such proceeding is not dismissed;

(iii)

if the Company is at any time insolvent, or, pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law, (1) commences a voluntary case, (2) consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case, (3) consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property, or (4) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors or (5) the Company is generally unable to pay its debts as the same become due;

(iv)

a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that () is for relief against the Company in an involuntary case, (2) appoints a Custodian of the Company or for all or substantially all of its property, or (3) orders the liquidation of the Company or any Subsidiary for so long as such order, decree or similar action remains in effect; or

(v)

if at any time the Company is not eligible or is unable to transfer its Shares to Investor, including, without limitation, electronically through FAST.

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EXHIBIT A

FORM OF REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT

A-1

EXHIBIT B

FORM OF PROMISSORY NOTE

B-1

EXHIBIT C

FORM OF VOTING AGREEMENT

C-1

EXHIBIT D
ADVANCE NOTICE

Dated: ______________

Advance Notice Number: _____________

The undersigned, _______________________, hereby certifies, with respect to the sale of Common Shares of NEW ERA HELIUM INC. (the “Company”) issuable in connection with this Advance Notice, delivered pursuant to that certain Equity Purchase Facility Agreement, dated as of [____________] (the “Agreement”), as follows (with capitalized terms used herein without definition having the same meanings as given to them in the Agreement):

1. The undersigned is the duly elected ______________ of the Company.

2. There are no fundamental changes to the information set forth in the Registration Statement which would require the Company to file a post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement.

3. The Company has performed in all material respects all covenants and agreements to be performed by the Company contained in this Agreement on or prior to the Advance Notice Date. All conditions to the delivery of this Advance Notice are satisfied as of the date hereof.

4. The number of Advance Shares the Company is requesting is _____________________.

5. The number of Common Shares of the Company outstanding as of the date hereof is ___________.

6. This is a(n) ___________ [Regular / Accelerated / Extended] Purchase Pricing Period Advance Notice.

The undersigned has executed this Advance Notice as of the date first set forth above.

	NEW ERA HELIUM INC.

	By:

D-1

EXHIBIT E

SETTLEMENT DOCUMENT

VIA EMAIL

NEW ERA HELIUM INC.

Attn:

Email:

	Below please find the settlement information with respect to the Advance Notice Date of:
1.	Number of Common Shares requested in the Advance Notice:
2.	Number of Excluded Days (if any):
3.	Adjusted Advance Amount (lower of (i) the Volume Threshold Adjusted Advance Amount, and (ii) the Volume Amount Adjusted Advance Amount) (if applicable):
4.	Number of Long Coverage Shares to be issued to the Investor:
5.	Number of Advance Shares due to the Investor (lesser of (A) row 1, and (B) the sum of (i) row 3 and (ii) row 4)
6.	Market Price:
7.	Purchase Price (Market Price x 95%) per share:
8.	Total Purchase Price due to Company (row 5 x row 7):

Please issue the number of Advance Shares due to the Investor to the account of the Investor as follows:

Investor’s DTC participant #:

ACCOUNT NAME:

ACCOUNT NUMBER:

ADDRESS:

CITY:

COUNTRY:

Contact person:

Number and/or email:

E-1

Sincerely,

[__]

Agreed and approved By: NEW ERA HELIUM INC.:


Name:
Title:

E-2

EX-31.1 5 ea025249301ex31-1_newera.htm CERTIFICATION

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO RULE 13A-14(A) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, E. Will Gray II, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.;

2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under my supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; and

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report my conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 14, 2025

/s/ E. Will Gray II
E. Will Gray, II
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2 6 ea025249301ex31-2_newera.htm CERTIFICATION

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO RULE 13A-14(A) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, E. Will Gray II, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.;

2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

5.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 14, 2025

/s/ E. Will Gray II
E. Will Gray II
Interim Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32.1 7 ea025249301ex32-1_newera.htm CERTIFICATION

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of New Era Energy & Digital, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, E. Will Gray II, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge:

The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Dated: August 14, 2025

/s/ E. Will Gray II
E. Will Gray II
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-32.2 8 ea025249301ex32-2_newera.htm CERTIFICATION

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of New Era Energy & Digital, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, Will Gray II, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge:

The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Dated: August 14, 2025

/s/ E. Will Gray II
E. Will Gray II
Interim Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)