オルタナスクリーンエナジーの四半期報告

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED JUNE 30, 2024

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM _________ to __________

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 001-41306

ALTERNUS CLEAN ENERGY, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware		87-1431377
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

360 Kingsley Park Drive, Suite 250 Fort Mill, South Carolina		(803) 280-1468
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)		(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class		Trading Symbol(s)		Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share		ALCE		The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act) Yes ☐ No ☒

As of August 23, 2024, the registrant had a total of 86,826,664 shares of its common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, issued and outstanding.

ALTERNUS CLEAN ENERGY, INC.

INDEX TO FORM 10-Q

	Page #
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)	1
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023	1
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023	2
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023	3
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023	4
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	6
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	33
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	53
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	53
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	56
Item 1A. Risk Factors	56
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	56
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	57
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	57
Item 5. Other Information	57
Item 6. Exhibits	57
Signatures	58

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and are subject to the safe harbor created thereby. All statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q other than statements of historical facts, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, our business strategy and plans and our objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those described in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in any subsequent filing we make with the SEC, as well as in any documents incorporated by reference that describe risks and factors that could cause results to differ materially from those projected in these forward-looking statements.

Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the future events and trends discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.

Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, achievements or events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will occur. We are under no duty to update any of these forward-looking statements after completion of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to conform these statements to actual results or revised expectations.

PART I

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ALTERNUS CLEAN ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

	As of June 30			As of December 31
	2024			2023
ASSETS
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,088		$	4,618
Accounts receivable, net		1,182			651
Unbilled energy incentives earned		7,399			5,607
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		4,179			3,344
Taxes recoverable		696			631
Restricted cash		5			19,161
Current discontinued assets held for sale		-			80,943
Total Current Assets		14,549			114,955

Property and equipment, net		63,590			61,302
Right of use asset		1,274			1,330
Other receivable		1,000			1,483
Capitalized development cost and other long-term assets, net		6,198			6,216
Total Assets	$	86,611		$	185,286

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable	$	10,776		$	5,084
Accrued liabilities		22,589			24,410
Taxes payable		84			14
Deferred income		7,399			5,607
Operating lease liability		182			175
Green bonds		86,618			166,122
Convertible and non-convertible promissory notes, net of debt issuance costs		30,924			31,420
Convertible Note measured at fair value		2,321			-
Warrant Liability		809			-
Due to affiliate		595			-
Current discontinued liabilities held for sale		-			14,259
Total Current Liabilities		162,297			247,091

Operating lease liability, net of current portion		1,185			1,252
Asset retirement obligations		197			197
Total Liabilities		163,679			248,540

Shareholders’ Deficit
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 1,000,000 authorized as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. 0 issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.		-			-
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 150,000,000 authorized as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023; 81,826,664 issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2024 and 71,905,363 issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023.		8			7
Additional paid in capital		28,195			27,874
Foreign currency translation reserve		(3,644	)		(2,924	)
Accumulated deficit		(101,627	)		(88,211	)
Total Shareholders’ Deficit		(77,068	)		(63,254	)
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Deficit	$	86,611		$	185,286

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

ALTERNUS CLEAN ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended June 30						Six Months Ended June 30
	2024			2023			2024			2023

Revenues	$	3,847		$	6,015		$	6,026		$	9,861

Operating Expenses
Cost of revenues		(1,644	)		(1,044	)		(2,478	)		(2,060	)
Selling, general and administrative		(3,254	)		(1,894	)		(7,014	)		(3,624	)
Depreciation, amortization, and accretion		(543	)		(924	)		(1,111	)		(1,767	)
Development Costs		-			(644	)		(7	)		(755	)
Total operating expenses		(5,441	)		(4,506	)		(10,610	)		(8,207	)

Income/(loss) from operations		(1,594	)		1,509			(4,584	)		1,654

Other income/(expense):
Interest expense		(4,106	)		(4,408	)		(8,265	)		(7,856	)
Fair value movement of FPA Asset		-			-			(483	)		-
Fair value movement of convertible debt and warrant		(182	)		-			(182	)		-
Loss on issuance of debt		(948	)		-			(948	)		-
Gain on extinguishment of debt		-			-			179			-
Other expense		(7	)		-			(231	)		(30	)
Other income		-			9			7			-
Total other expenses		(5,243	)		(4,399	)		(9,923	)		(7,886	)
Loss before provision for income taxes		(6,837	)		(2,890	)		(14,507	)		(6,232	)
Income taxes		-			-			-			-
Net loss from continuing operations		(6,837	)		(2,890	)		(14,507	)		(6,232	)

Discontinued operations:
Gain/(loss) from operations of discontinued business component		-			1,235			(1,074	)		(675	)
Gain on sale of discontinued business components		-			-			2,165			-
Net income/(loss) from discontinued operations		-			1,235			1,091			(675	)
Net loss for the period	$	(6,837	)	$	(1,655	)	$	(13,416	)	$	(6,907	)

Net loss from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted		(6,837	)		(2,890	)		(14,507	)		(6,232	)
Net loss from continuing operations per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted		(0.10	)		(0.05	)		(0.22	)		(0.11	)
Weighted-average common stock outstanding, basic		66,138,049			57,500,000			66,138,049			57,500,000
Weighted-average common stock outstanding, diluted		66,138,049			57,500,000			66,138,049			57,500,000

Comprehensive loss:
Net loss		(6,837	)		(1,655	)	$	(13,416	)	$	(6,907	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		512			3,378			(720	)		3,274
Comprehensive income/(loss)	$	(6,325	)	$	1,723		$	(14,136	)	$	(3,633	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

ALTERNUS CLEAN ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

(in thousands, except share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Additional Paid-In			Foreign Currency Translation			Accumulated			Total Shareholders’
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital			Reserve			Deficit			Equity/(Deficit)
Balance at March 31, 2023		-	$	-		57,500,000	$	6	$	19,959		$	(3,742	)	$	(23,999	)	$	(7,776	)
Distribution to stockholder		-		-		-		-		(6,973	)		-			-			(6,973	)
Contribution from stockholder		-		-		-		-		6,867			-			-			6,867
Foreign currency translation adjustment		-		-		-		-		-			3,378			-			3,378
Net Loss		-		-		-		-		-			-			(1,655	)		(1,655	)
Balance at June 30, 2023		-	$	-		57,500,000	$	6	$	19,853		$	(364	)	$	(25,654	)	$	(6,159	)

	Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Additional Paid-In		Foreign Currency Translation			Accumulated			Total Shareholders’
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital		Reserve			Deficit			Equity
Balance at March 31, 2024, as restated		-	$	-		81,396,664	$	8	$	28,044	$	(4,156	)	$	(94,790	)	$	(70,894	)
Stock Compensation for Third Party Services		-		-		430,000		-		151		-			-			151
Foreign currency translation adjustment		-		-		-		-		-		512			-			512
Net Loss		-		-		-		-		-		-			(6,837	)		(6,837	)
Balance at June 30, 2024		-	$	-		81,826,664	$	8	$	28,195	$	(3,644	)	$	(101,627	)	$	(77,068	)

	Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Additional Paid-In			Foreign Currency Translation			Accumulated			Total Shareholders’
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital			Reserve			Deficit			Equity
Balance at January 1, 2023		-	$	-		57,500,000	$	6	$	19,797		$	(3,638	)	$	(18,747	)	$	(2,582	)
Distribution to stockholder		-		-		-		-		(8,826	)		-			-			(8,826	)
Contribution from stockholder		-		-		-		-		8,882			-			-			8,882
Foreign currency translation adjustment		-		-		-		-		-			3,274			-			3,274
Net Loss		-		-		-		-		-			-			(6,907	)		(6,907	)
Balance at June 30, 2023		-	$	-		57,500,000	$	6	$	19,853		$	(364	)	$	(25,654	)	$	(6,159	)

	Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Additional Paid-In			Foreign Currency Translation			Accumulated			Total Shareholders’
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital			Reserve			Deficit			Equity
Balance at January 1, 2024		-	$	-		71,905,363	$	7	$	27,874		$	(2,924	)	$	(88,211	)	$	(63,254	)
Settlement of Related Party Debt for Shares		-		-		7,990,000		1		9,657			-			-			9,658
Conversion of Debt		-		-		1,320,000		-		1,029			-			-			1,029
Merger Costs – Settlement of Related Party Debt and Conversion of Debt		-		-		-		-		(10,633	)		-			-			(10,633	)
Stock Compensation for Third Party Services		-		-		611,301		-		268			-			-			268
Foreign currency translation adjustment		-		-		-		-		-			(720	)		-			(720	)
Net Loss		-		-		-		-		-			-			(13,416	)		(13,416	)
Balance at June 30, 2024		-	$	-		81,826,664	$	8	$	28,195		$	(3,644	)	$	(101,627	)	$	(77,068	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

ALTERNUS CLEAN ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net loss from continuing operations	$	(14,507	)	$	(6,232	)
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) to net cash provided/(used in) operations:
Depreciation, amortization and accretion		1,111			1,767
Amortization of debt discount		1,312			3,232
Credit loss expense		4			-
Share-based compensation to third parties		268			-
Gain/(loss) on foreign currency exchange rates		668			(287	)
Fair value movement of FPA Asset		483			-
Fair value movement of convertible debt		177			-
Fair value movement in Warrant liability		5
Loss on issuance of debt		948			-
Gain on extinguishment of debt		(179	)		-
Loss on disposal of asset		1,336			-
Non-cash operating lease assets		17			58
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable and other short-term receivables		(583	)		576
Prepaid expenses and other assets		(1,637	)		(101	)
Accounts payable		1,439			1,124
Accrued liabilities		1,703			2,065
Operating lease liabilities		(42	)		(40	)
Payable to affiliate		590			-
Net Cash provided by (used in) Operating Activities	$	(6,887	)	$	2,162
Net Cash provided by (used in) Operating Activities - Discontinued Operations	$	(2,064	)	$	2,508

Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Purchases of property and equipment		(1,504	)		(2,091	)
Sales of property and equipment		66,908			22
Capitalized cost		(103	)		(498	)
Construction in process		(3,253	)		401
Net Cash provided by (used in) Investing Activities	$	62,048		$	(2,166	)
Net Cash provided by (used in) Investing Activities - Discontinued Operations		-			(37	)

Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from debt		2,684			956
Debt issuance cost		-			(2,392	)
Payments of debt principal		(76,974	)		-
Proceeds from issuance of share capital		570			-
Distributions to parent		-			(4,858	)
Contributions from parent		950			2,657
Net Cash provided by (used in) Financing Activities	$	(72,770	)	$	(3,637	)
Net Cash provided by (used in) Financing Activities - Discontinued Operations		(3,121	)		2,824

Effect of exchange rate on cash		(676	)		28
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	(23,470	)	$	1,682
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash beginning of the year		24,563			7,747
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash end of the year	$	1,093		$	9,429

Cash Reconciliation
Cash and cash equivalents		1,088			3,776
Restricted cash		5			5,653
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash end of the year	$	1,093		$	9,429

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

ALTERNUS CLEAN ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED SUPPLEMENTAL STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOW

(Unaudited)

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosure
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest (net of capitalized interest of 2,372 and 152 respectively)		4,397		1,371
Taxes		524		796
Non-cash financing activities:
Shares issued for settlement of debt		9,836		-
Shares issued for conversion of debt		1,029		-
Shares issued for stock compensation to third parties		268		-

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

ALTERNUS CLEAN ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Organization and Formation

Alternus Clean Energy, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated in Delaware on May 14, 2021 and was originally known as Clean Earth Acquisitions Corp. (“Clean Earth”).

On October 12, 2022, Clean Earth entered into a Business Combination Agreement, as amended by that certain First Amendment to the Business Combination Agreement, dated as of April 12, 2023 (the “First BCA Amendment”) (as amended by the First BCA Amendment, the “Initial Business Combination Agreement”), and as amended and restated by that certain Amended and Restated Business Combination Agreement, dated as of December 22, 2023 (the “A&R BCA”) (the Initial Business Combination Agreement, as amended and restated by the A&R BCA, the “Business Combination Agreement”), by and among Clean Earth, Alternus Energy Group Plc (“AEG”) and the Sponsor. Following the approval of the Initial Business Combination Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby at the special meeting of the stockholders of Clean Earth held on December 4, 2023, the Company consummated the Business Combination on December 22, 2023. In accordance with the Business Combination Agreement, Clean Earth issued and transferred 57,500,000 shares of common stock of Clean Earth, par value $0.0001 per share, to AEG, and AEG transferred to Clean Earth, and Clean Earth received from AEG, all of the issued and outstanding equity interests in the Acquired Subsidiaries (as defined in the Business Combination Agreement) (the “Equity Exchange,” and together with the other transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement, the “Business Combination”). In connection with the Closing, the Company changed its name from Clean Earth Acquisition Corp. to Alternus Clean Energy, Inc.

Clean Earth’s only pre-combination assets were cash and investments and the SPAC did not meet the definition of a business in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Therefore, the substance of the transaction was a recapitalization of the target (AEG) rather than a business combination or an asset acquisition. In such a situation, the transaction is accounted for as though the target issued its equity for the net assets of the SPAC and, since a business combination has not occurred, no goodwill or intangible assets would be recorded. As such, AEG is considered the accounting acquirer and these consolidated financial statements represent a continuation of AEG’s financial statements. Assets and liabilities of AEG are presented at their historical carrying values.

Alternus Clean Energy Inc. is a holding company that operates through the following forty-two operating subsidiaries as of June 30, 2024:

Subsidiary	Principal Activity	Date Acquired / Established	ALCE Ownership	Country of Operations
Power Clouds S.r.l.	SPV	31 March 2015	Solis Bond Company DAC	Romania
F.R.A.N. Energy Investment S.r.l.	SPV	31 March 2015	Solis Bond Company DAC	Romania
PC-Italia-01 S.r.l.	Sub-Holding SPV	15 May 2015	AEG MH 02 Limited	Italy
PC-Italia-03 S.r.l.	SPV	1 July 2020	AEG MH 02 Limited	Italy
PC-Italia-04 S.r.l.	SPV	15 July 2020	AEG MH 02 Limited	Italy
Solis Bond Company DAC	Holding Company	16 October 2020	AEG JD 03 Limited	Ireland
ALT US 03, LLC	LLC	4 May 2022	ALT US 03 LLC	USA
Alternus Energy Americas Inc.	Holding Company	10 May 2021	Alternus Energy Group Pl	USA
LJG Green Source Energy Beta S.r.l	SPV	29 July 2021	Solis Bond Company DAC	Romania
Ecosfer Energy S.r.l.	SPV	30 July 2021	Solis Bond Company DAC	Romania
Lucas EST S.r.l.	SPV	30 July 2021	Solis Bond Company DAC	Romania
Risorse Solari I S.r.l.	SPV	28 September 2019	AEG MH 02 Limited	Italy
Risorse Solari III S.r.l.	SPV	3 August 2021	AEG MH 02 Limited	Italy
Alternus Iberia S.L.	SPV	4 August 2021	AEG MH 02 Limited	Spain
AED Italia-01 S.r.l.	SPV	22 October 2021	AEG MH 02 Limited	Italy
AED Italia-02 S.r.l.	SPV	22 October 2021	AEG MH 02 Limited	Italy
AED Italia-03 S.r.l.	SPV	22 October 2021	AEG MH 02 Limited	Italy
AED Italia-04 S.r.l.	SPV	22 October 2021	AEG MH 02 Limited	Italy
AED Italia-05 S.r.l.	SPV	22 October 2021	AEG MH 02 Limited	Italy
ALT US 01 LLC	SPV	6 December 2021	Alternus Energy Americas Inc.	USA
AEG MH 01 Limited	Holding Company	8 March 2022	Alternus Lux 01 S.a.r.l.	Ireland
AEG MH 02 Limited	Holding Company	8 March 2022	AEG JD 03 Limited	Ireland
ALT US 02 LLC	Holding Company	8 March 2022	Alternus Energy Americas Inc.	USA
AEG JD 01 Limited	Holding Company	16 March 2022	AEG MH 03 Limited	Ireland
Alternus Europe Limited (f/k/a AEG JD 03 Limited)	Holding Company	21 March 2022	Alternus Lux 01 S.a.r.l.	Ireland
Alt Spain 03, S.L.U.	SPV	31 May 2022	Alt Spain Holdco S.L.	Spain
AEG MH 03 Limited	Holding Company	10 June 2022	AEG MH 01 Limited	Ireland
Lightwave Renewables, LLC	SPV	29 June 2022	ALT US 02 LLC	USA
Alt Spain Holdco, S.L.U.	Holding Company	Acquired 14 July 2022	AEG MH 02 Limited	Spain
AED Italia-06 S.r.l.	SPV	2 August 2022	AEG MH 02 Limited	Italy
AED Italia-07 S.r.l.	SPV	2 August 2022	AEG MH 02 Limited	Italy
AED Italia-08 S.r.l.	SPV	5 August 2022	AEG MH 02 Limited	Italy
ALT US 04 LLC	Holding Company	14 September 2022	Alternus Energy Americas Inc.	USA
Alternus LUX 01 S.a.r.l.	Holding Company	5 October 2022	Alternus Energy Group Plc	Luxembourg
Alt Spain 04, S.L.U.	SPV	May 2022	Alt Spain Holdco, S.L.U.	Spain
Alt Alliance LLC	Holding Company	September 2023	Alternus Energy Amercias Inc.	USA
ALT US 05 LLC	Holding Company	September 2023	Alternus Energy Americas Inc.	USA
ALT US 06 LLC	Holding Company	October 2023	Alternus Energy Americas Inc.	USA
ALT US 07 LLC	Holding Company	November 2023	Alternus Energy Americas Inc.	USA
AEG MH 04 Limited	Holding Company	January 2024	AEG MH 04 Limited	Ireland
ALT US 08 LLC	Holding Company	January 2024	Alternus Energy Americas Inc.	USA
ALT US AM LLC	Holding Company	March 2024	Alternus Energy Americas Inc.	USA

2. Going Concern and Management’s Plans

The Company has evaluated whether there are certain conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are issued. Based on its recurring losses from operations since inception and continued cash outflows from operating activities (all as described below), the Company has concluded that there is substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern for a period of one year from the date that these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements were issued.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As shown in the accompanying consolidated financial statements during the period ended June 30, 2024, the Company had net loss from continuing operations of ($13.4) million and a net loss of ($6.2) million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. The Company had total shareholders’ equity/(deficit) of ($75.9) million as of June 30, 2024 and ($63.3) million at December 31, 2023. The Company had $1.1 million of unrestricted cash on hand as of June 30, 2024.

Our operating revenues are insufficient to fund our operations and our assets already are pledged to secure our indebtedness to various third party secured creditors, respectively. The unavailability of additional financing could require us to delay, scale back, or terminate our acquisition efforts as well as our own business activities, which would have a material adverse effect on the Company and its viability and prospects.

The terms of our indebtedness, including the covenants and the dates on which principal and interest payments on our indebtedness are due, increases the risk that we will be unable to continue as a going concern. To continue as a going concern over the next twelve months, we must make payments on our debt as they come due and comply with the covenants in the agreements governing our indebtedness or, if we fail to do so, to (i) negotiate and obtain waivers of or forbearances with respect to any defaults that occur with respect to our indebtedness, (ii) amend, replace, refinance, or restructure any or all of the agreements governing our indebtedness, and/or (iii) otherwise secure additional capital. However, we cannot provide any assurances that we will be successful in accomplishing any of these plans.

As of June 30, 2024, Solis was in breach of the three financial covenants under Solis’ Bond terms: (i) the minimum Liquidity Covenant that requires the higher of €5.5 million or 5% of the outstanding Nominal Amount, (ii) the minimum Equity Ratio covenant of 25%, and (iii) the Leverage Ratio of NIBD/EBITDA to not be higher than 6.5 times for the year ended December 2021, 6.0 times for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 5.5 times for the period ending on the maturity date of the Bond. The Solis Bond carries a 3 month EURIBOR plus 6.5% per annum interest rate, and has quarterly interest payments, with a bullet payment to be paid on the Maturity Date. The Solis Bond is senior secured through a first priority pledge on the shares of Solis and its subsidiaries, a parent guarantee from Alternus Energy Group Plc, and a first priority assignment over any intercompany loans. Additionally, Solis bondholders hold a preference share in an Alternus holding company which holds certain development projects in Spain and Italy. The preference share gives the bondholders the right on any distributions up to EUR 10 million, and such assets will be divested to ensure repayment of up to EUR 10 million should it not be fully repaid by the Maturity Date.

Additionally, because Solis was unable to fully repay the Solis Bonds by September 30, 2023, Solis’ bondholders have the right to immediately transfer ownership of Solis and all of its subsidiaries to the bondholders and proceed to sell Solis’ assets to recoup the full amount owed to the bondholders, which as of June 30, 2024 is currently €80.8 million (approximately $86.6 million). If the ownership of Solis and all of its subsidiaries were to be transferred to the Solis bondholders, the majority of the Company’s operating assets and related revenues and EBIDTA would be eliminated, and debt would be reduced by $86.6 million.

On October 16 2023, bondholders approved to further extend the temporary waiver to December 16, 2023. On December 18, 2023, a representative group of the bondholders approved an extension of the temporary waivers and the maturity date of the Solis Bonds until January 31, 2024, with the right to further extend to February 29, 2024, at the Solis Bond trustee’s discretion, which was subsequently approved by a majority of the bondholders on January 3, 2024. On March 12, 2024, the Solis Bondholders approved resolutions to further extend the temporary waivers and the maturity date until April 30, 2024 with the right to further extend to May 31, 2024 at the Bond Trustee’s discretion, which it granted, and thereafter on a month-to-month basis to November 29, 2024 at the Bond Trustee’s discretion and approval from a majority of Bondholders. As such, the Solis bond debt is currently recorded as short-term debt.

On December 28, 2023, Solis sold 100% of the share capital in its Italian subsidiaries for approximately €15.8 million (approximately $17.5 million).

On January 18, 2024, Solis sold 100% of the share capital in its Polish subsidiaries for approximately €54.4 million (approximately $59.1 million), and on February 21, 2024 Solis sold 100% of the share capital of its Netherlands subsidiary for approximately €6.5 million (approximately $7 million). Additionally, on February 14, 2024, Solis exercised its call options to repay €59,100,000 million (approximately $68.5 million) of amounts outstanding under the bonds. Subsequently, on May 1, 2024 Solis made an interest payment of €1,000,000 (approx. $1,069,985.00) to the Bondholders, which is approximately 50% of the total interest due for the first quarter of 2024. The remaining interest amount from the first quarter and the interest amount due for the second quarter remain outstanding at the date of this report. Solis will incur a late payment penalty in accordance with the Bond Terms until such time as the full interest amount due is paid. The Company has made full provision for the unpaid interest and penalties as of June 30, 2024.

On March 20, 2024, we received a letter from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Staff of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC therein stating that for the 32 consecutive business day period between February 2, 2024 through March 19, 2024, the Common Stock had not maintained a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share required for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the “Bid Price Rule”). Pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), the Company was provided an initial period of 180 calendar days, or until September 16, 2024 (the “Compliance Period”), to regain compliance with the Bid Price Rule. If the Company does not regain compliance with the Bid Price Rule by September 16, 2024, the Company may be eligible for an additional 180-day period to regain compliance. If the Company cannot regain compliance during the Compliance Period or any subsequently granted compliance period, the Common Stock will be subject to delisting. At that time, the Company may appeal the delisting determination to a Nasdaq hearings panel. The notice from Nasdaq has no immediate effect on the listing of the Common Stock and the Common Stock will continue to be listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “ALCE.” The Company is currently evaluating its options for regaining compliance. There can be no assurance that the Company will regain compliance with the Bid Price Rule or maintain compliance with any of the other Nasdaq continued listing requirements.

On May 6, 2024, the Company received a letter from the listing qualifications department staff of The Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) notifying the Company that for the last 30 consecutive business days, the Company’s minimum Market Value of Listed Securities (“MVLS”) was below the minimum of $35 million required for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market pursuant to Nasdaq listing rule 5550(b)(2). The notice has no immediate effect on the listing of the Company’s common stock, and the Company’s common stock continues to trade on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “ALCE.” In accordance with Nasdaq listing rule 5810(c)(3)(C), the Company has 180 calendar days, or until November 4, 2024, to regain compliance. The notice states that to regain compliance, the Company’s MVLS must close at $35 million or more for a minimum of ten consecutive business days (or such longer period of time as the Nasdaq staff may require in some circumstances, but generally not more than 20 consecutive business days) during the compliance period ending November 4, 2024. If the Company does not regain compliance by November 4, 2024, Nasdaq staff will provide written notice to the Company that its securities are subject to delisting. At that time, the Company may appeal any such delisting determination to a Hearings Panel. The Company intends to actively monitor the Company’s MVLS between now and November 4, 2024 and may, if appropriate, evaluate available options to resolve the deficiency and regain compliance with the MVLS rule. While the Company is exercising diligent efforts to maintain the listing of its common stock on Nasdaq, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to regain or maintain compliance with Nasdaq listing standards.

The Company is currently working on several processes to address the going concern issue. The Company is working with shareholders, investment funds and multiple global banks and funds to secure necessary project financing to execute on our transatlantic business plan.

3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The Company prepares its consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).

Basis of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The results of subsidiaries acquired or disposed of during the respective periods are included in the consolidated financial statements from the effective date of acquisition or up to the effective date of disposal, as appropriate. The consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes for the year ended December 31, 2023, contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures to enhance the transparency of income tax disclosures relating to the rate reconciliation, disclosure of income taxes paid, and certain other disclosures. The ASU should be applied prospectively and is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on the related disclosures; however, it does not expect this update to have an impact on its financial condition or results of operations.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures to improve the disclosures about reportable segments and include more detailed information about a reportable segment’s expenses. This ASU also requires that a public entity with a single reportable segment, provide all of the disclosures required as part of the amendments and all existing disclosures required by Topic 280. The ASU should be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on the financial statements and related disclosures.

4. Business Combination

As discussed in Note 1 – Organization and Formation, on December 22, 2023, Clean Earth Acquisitions Corp. (“CLIN”), Alternus Energy Group Plc (“AEG”) and Clean Earth Acquisition Sponsor LLC (the “Sponsor”) completed the Business Combination. Upon the Closing of the Business Combination, the following occurred:

●

In connection with the Business Combination, AEG transferred to CLIN all issued and outstanding AEG interests in certain of its subsidiaries (the “Acquired Subsidiaries”) in exchange for the issuance by CLIN at the Closing of 57,500,000 shares of common stock of CLIN. At Closing, CLIN changed its name to Alternus Clean Energy, Inc. (“ALCE” or the “Company”).

●

In connection with the Business Combination, 23,000,000 rights to receive one-tenth (1/10) of one share of Class A common stock was exchanged for 2,300,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.

●

In addition to shares issued to AEG noted above, 225,000 shares of Common Stock were issued at Closing to the Sponsor to settle a CLIN convertible promissory note held by the Sponsor at Closing.

●

Each share of CLIN Class A common stock held by the CLIN Sponsor prior to the closing of the Business Combination, which totaled 8,556,667 shares, was exchanged for, on a one-for-one basis for shares of the Company’s Common Stock.

●

Each share of CLIN common stock subject to possible redemption that was not redeemed prior to the closing of the Business Combination, which totaled 127,142 shares, was exchanged for, on a one-for-one basis for shares of the Company’s Common Stock.

●

In connection with the Business Combination, an investor that provided the Company funding through a promissory note, was due to receive warrants to purchase 300,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.01 per share and warrants to purchase 100,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share pursuant to the Secured Promissory Note Agreement dated October 3, 2023. Upon closing of the Business Combination, the investor received those warrants.

●

In connection with the Business Combination, CLIN entered into a Forward Purchase Agreement (the “FPA”) with certain accredited investors (the “FPA Investors”) that gave the FPA Investors the right, but not an obligation, to purchase up to 2,796,554 shares of CLIN’s common stock. Of the 2,796,554 shares, the FPA Investors purchased 1,300,320 shares of Common Stock and the Company issued an aggregate of 1,496,234 shares of the Company’s common stock pursuant to the FPA.

●

The proceeds received by the Company from the Business Combination, net of the FPA and transaction costs, totaled $5.1 million.

The following table presents the total Common Stock outstanding immediately after the closing of the Business Combination:

	Number of Shares
Exchange of CLIN common stock subject to possible redemption that was not redeemed for Alternus Clean Energy Inc. common stock		127,142
Exchange of public share rights held by CLIN shareholders for Alternus Clean Energy Inc. common stock		2,300,000
Issuance of Alternus Clean Energy, Inc. common stock to promissory note holders		400,000
Exchange of CLIN Class A common stock held by CLIN Sponsor for Alternus Clean Energy Inc. common stock		8,556,667
Subtotal - Business Combination, net of redemptions		11,383,809
Issuance of shares under the FPA		1,496,234
Shares purchased by the accredited investor under the FPA		1,300,320
Issuance of Alternus Clean Energy Inc. common stock to Alternus Energy Group Plc. on the Closing Date		57,500,000
Issuance of Alternus Clean Energy Inc. common stock to the CLIN Sponsor as a holder of CLIN convertible notes on the Closing Date		225,000
Total – Alternus Clean Energy Inc. common stock outstanding as a result of the Business Combination, FPA, exchange of Acquired Subsidiaries’ shares for shares of Alternus Clean Energy Inc. and issuance of Alternus Clean Energy Inc. common stock the holder of CLIN convertible notes.		71,905,363

5. Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Inputs used to measure fair value are prioritized within a three-level fair value hierarchy. This hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:

Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 — Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.

As of March 31, 2024, the Forward Purchase Agreement value was $0, as presented below:

Fair Value Measurement

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total

Forward Purchase Agreement

Total

As of June 30, 2024, the summary of the fair value instruments held by the Company were as follows at June 30, 2024, in thousands:

	Fair Value Measurement
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Forward Purchase Agreement		-		-		-		-
Convertible Loan Note		-		-		2,321		2,321
Warrant Liability		-		-		809		809
Total	$	-	$	-	$	3,130	$	3,130

Forward Purchase Agreement

On December 3, 2023, the Company entered into an agreement with (i) Meteora Capital Partners, LP, (ii) Meteora Select Trading Opportunities Master, LP, and (iii) Meteora Strategic Capital, LLC (collectively “Meteora”) for OTC Equity Prepaid Forward Transactions (the “FPA”). The purpose of the FPA was to decrease the amount of redemptions in connection with the Company’s Special Meeting and potentially increase the working capital available to the Company following the Business Combination.

Pursuant to the terms of the FPA, Meteora purchased 2,796,554 (the “Purchased Amount”) shares of common stock concurrently with the Business Combination Closing pursuant to Meteora’s FPA Funding Amount PIPE Subscription Agreement, less the 1,300,320 shares of common stock separately purchased from third parties through a broker in the open market (“Recycled Shares”). Following the consummation of the Business Combination, Meteora delivered a Pricing Date Notice dated December 10, 2023 which included 1,300,320 Recycled Shares, 1,496,234 additional shares and 2,796,554 total number of shares. The FPA provides for a prepayment shortfall in an amount in U.S. dollars equal to $500,000. Meteora in its sole discretion may sell Recycled Shares at any time following the Trade Date at prices (i) at or above $10.00 during the first three months following the Closing Date and (ii) at any sales price thereafter, without payment by Meteora of any Early Termination Obligation until such time as the proceeds from such sales equal 100% of the Prepayment Shortfall. The number of shares subject to the Forward Purchase Agreement is subject to reduction following a termination of the FPA with respect to such shares as described under “Optional Early Termination” in the FPA. The reset price is set at $10.00. Commencing from June 22, 2024 the reset price is subject to reduction upon the occurrence of a Dilutive Offering.

The Company holds various financial instruments that are not required to be recorded at fair value. For cash, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and short-term debt the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.

The fair value of the Company’s recorded forward purchase agreement (“FPA”) is determined based on unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data, which require a Level 3 classification. A Monte Carlo simulation model was used to determine the fair value. The Company records the forward purchase agreement at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets with changes in fair value recorded in the consolidated statements of operation.

The following table presents changes of the forward purchase agreement with significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) as of June 30, 2024, in thousands:

	Forward Purchase Agreement
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	-
Recognition of Forward Purchase Agreement Asset		17,125
Change in fair value		(16,642	)
Balance at December 31, 2023		483
Change in fair value		(483	)
Balance at March 31, 2024		-
Change in fair value		-
Balance at June 30, 2024	$	-

The Company measures forward purchase agreement using a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model using the following assumptions as of June 30, 2024:

	Forward Purchase Agreement
Risk-free rate		4.7	%
Underlying stock price	$	0.37
Expected volatility		96.9	%
Term		2.73 years
Dividend yield		0	%

Convertible Loan Note & Private Placement Warrants

On April 19, 2024, the Company issued to an accredited investor a senior convertible note in the principal amount of $2,160,000, issued with an eight percent (8.0%) original issue discount, and a warrant to purchase up to 2,411,088 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $0.480 per share. Maxim Group LLC (“Maxim”) acted as placement agent for the Convertible Note issuance and also received a warrant to purchase 241,109 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $0.527 per share for their role as placement agent.

The Convertible Note matures on April 20, 2025 (unless accelerated due to an event of default or accelerated up to six installments by the Investor), bears interest at a rate of 7% per annum, which shall automatically be increased to 12.0% per annum in the event of default, and ranks senior to the Company’s existing and future unsecured indebtedness. The convertible note is convertible in whole or in part at the option of the investor into shares of Common Stock (the “Conversion Shares”) at the Conversion Price (as defined below) at any time following the date of issuance of the convertible cote. The convertible note is payable monthly on each Installment Date (as defined in the Convertible Note) commencing on the earlier of July 18, 2024 and the effective date of the initial registration statement required to be filed pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement (as defined below) in an amount equal the sum of (A) the lesser of (x) $216,000 and (y) the outstanding principal amount of the Convertible Note, (B) interest due and payable under the Convertible Note and (C) other amounts specified in the Convertible Note (such sum being the “Installment Amount”); provided, however, if on any Installment Date, no failure to meet the Equity Conditions (as defined in the Convertible Note) exits pursuant to the Convertible Note, the Company may pay all or a portion of the Installment Amount with shares of its common stock. The portion of the Installment Amount paid with common stock shall be based on the Installment Conversion Price. “Installment Conversion Price” means the lower of (i) the Conversion Price (defined below) and (ii) the greater of (x) 92% of the average of the two (2) lowest daily VWAPs (as defined in the Convertible Note) in the ten (10) trading days immediately prior to each conversion date and (y) $0.07. “Equity Conditions Failure” means that on any day during the period commencing twenty (20) trading days prior to the applicable Installment Notice Date or Interest Date (each as defined in the Convertible Note) through the later of the applicable Installment Date or Interest Date and the date on which the applicable shares of Common Stock are actually delivered to the Holder, the Equity Conditions have not been satisfied (or waived in writing by the Holder).

The Convertible Note is convertible, at the option of the Investor, at any time, into such number of shares of Common Stock of the Company equal to the principal amount of the Convertible Note plus all accrued and unpaid interest at a conversion price equal to $0.480 (the “Conversion Price”). The Conversion Price is subject to full ratchet antidilution protection, subject to a floor conversion price of $0.07 per share (the “Floor Price”), a limitation required by the rules and regulations of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”), and certain exceptions upon any subsequent transaction at a price lower than the Conversion Price then in effect and standard adjustments in the event of stock dividends, stock splits, combinations or similar events.

Alternatively, in the event of an event of default continuing for 20 trading days and ending with Event of Default Redemption Right Period (as defined in the Convertible Note), the Conversion Price may be converted to an “Alternate Conversion Price”, which is defined as the lower of (i) the applicable Conversion Price as in effect on the applicable Conversion Date of the applicable Alternate Conversion (as defined in the Convertible Note), and (ii) the greater of (x) the Floor Price and (y) 90% of the lowest VWAP of the Common Stock during the fifteen (15) consecutive trading day period ending on and including the trading day immediately preceding the delivery or deemed delivery of the applicable Conversion Notice. These conversions shall be further subject to Redemption Premiums, as is further described in the Convertible Note.

The Convertible Note may not be converted and shares of Common Stock may not be issued under the Convertible Note if, after giving effect to the conversion or issuance, the Investor together with its affiliates would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% (or, upon election of the Investor, 9.99%) of the outstanding Common Stock. In addition to the beneficial ownership limitations in the Convertible Note, the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued under that certain Purchase Agreement (including the Convertible Note and Warrant and Common Stock issued thereunder) is limited to 19.99% of the outstanding Common Stock as of April 19, 2024 (the “Exchange Cap”, which is equal to 16,007,325 shares of Common Stock, subject to adjustment as described in the Purchase Agreement), unless shareholder approval (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) (“Stockholder Approval”) is obtained by the Company to issue more than the Exchange Cap. The Exchange Cap shall be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or other similar transaction.

The Company adopted ASU 2020-06 as of January 1, 2023. This ASU removes the concepts of a beneficial conversion feature and cash conversion feature from the ASC guidance.

Management considered the guidance from ASC 825-10-15-4, noting that an entity may elect the fair value option for “a recognized financial liability” that is not “a firm commitment that would otherwise not be recognized at inception”. As the Convertible Note is an outstanding loan (a “recognized financial liability”), and this financial liability would need to be recognized at inception, the Convertible Note meets the criteria for the fair value option under this guidance. The Convertible Notes have a principal value of $2,160,000 and were issued at an 8% discount, thus the Convertible Notes resulted in gross cash proceeds of $2,000,000 prior to any other fees paid to the lender. The issuance of a warrant to the lender further increases the discount on this debt. As the Convertible Notes were issued at a discount, and not a premium, they are eligible for the fair value option. Management identified various features that would likely require separate accounting as derivatives if the fair value option were not taken; specifically, the various features that allow the Company or counterparty to settle the debt for a quantity of shares that is calculated as a percentage of VWAP. Even if no bifurcatable features were identified, the Company would still be eligible for the fair value option under ASC 825. Accordingly, the Company elected the fair value option.

The remaining unpaid principal as of June 30, 2024 amounted to $2,160,000.

The Company measures the convertible loan and private placement warrants using a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model using the following assumptions as of June 30, 2024:

	Convertible Loan Note			Warrant Liability
Risk-free rate		4.3	%		4.3	%
Underlying stock price	$	0.37		$	0.37
Expected volatility		50	%		50	%
Term		0.8 years			5.3 years
Dividend yield		0	%		0	%

The following table presents changes of the forward purchase agreement with significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) as of June 30, 2024, in thousand:

	Convertible Note
Issuance of convertible loan note at April 19, 2024	$	-
Fair value of convertible loan note		2,144
Balance at April 19, 2024		2,144
Change in fair value		176
Balance at June 30, 2024	$	2,321
Principal Balance as of June 30, 2024	$	2,160

	Warrant Liability
Issuance of convertible loan note & placement warrants at April 19, 2024	$	-
Fair value of warrant liability		803
Balance at April 19, 2024		803
Change in fair value		5
Balance at June 30, 2024	$	808

6. Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable relate to amounts due from customers for services that have been performed and invoices that have been sent. Unbilled energy incentives relate to Green Certificates from Romania that have been received for energy generated and delivered but not yet sold. This amount is offset against deferred income. Accounts receivables and unbilled energy incentives consist of the following (in thousands):

	June 30		December 31
	2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Accounts receivable	$	1,182	$	651
Unbilled energy incentives earned		7,399		5,607
Total	$	8,581	$	6,258

7. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid and other current expenses generally consist of amounts paid to vendors for services that have not yet been performed. repaid expenses, and other current assets consist of the following (in thousands):

	June 30		December 31
	2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	2,043	$	2,602
Accrued revenue		-		6
Other receivable		2,136		736
Total	$	4,179	$	3,344

8. Property and Equipment, Net

The components of property and equipment, net were as follows at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	June 30			December 31
	2024			2023
	(in thousands)
Solar energy facilities	$	55,285		$	55,318
Land		496			511
Software and computers		23			-
Furniture and fixtures		206			210
Asset retirement		163			168
Construction in progress		15,600			12,421
Total property and equipment		71,773			68,628
Less: Accumulated depreciation		(8,183	)		(7,326	)
Total	$	63,590		$	61,302

Construction in progress refers to projects that have been secured and are currently under construction. As of June 30, 2024, the Company has active construction projects in the U.S. of $12.9 million and in Europe of $2.7 million.

9. Capitalized development cost and other long-term assets

Capitalized development costs are amounts paid to vendors that are related to the purchase and construction of solar energy facilities. Other receivables consist of amounts owed to the Company as well as amounts paid to vendors for services that have yet to be received by the Company. Capitalized cost and other long-term assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30		December 31
	2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Capitalized development cost	$	6,198	$	6,216
Other receivables		1,000		1,483
Total	$	7,198	$	7,699

Capitalized development cost relates to various projects that are under development for the period. As the Company closes either the purchase or development of new solar parks, these development costs are added to the final asset displayed in Property and Equipment. If the Company does not close on the prospective project, these costs are written off to Development Cost on the Consolidated Statement Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

Capitalized Development Costs as of June 30, 2024 consist of $2.1 million of active development in the U.S. and $4.1 million across Europe.

Other Receivables as of June 30, 2024 relates to a security deposit of $1.0 million in relation to the Power Purchase Agreement for a development project in Tennessee.

10. Deferred Income

Deferred income relates to income related to Green Certificates from Romania that have been received but not sold. Deferred income consists of the following (in thousands):

	Activity
Deferred income – Balance January 1, 2023	$	4,954
Green certificates received		10,663
Green certificates sold		(10,169	)
Foreign exchange gain/(loss)		159
Deferred income – Balance December 31, 2023	$	5,607
Green certificates received		5,289
Green certificates sold		(3,302	)
Foreign exchange gain/(loss)		(195	)
Deferred income – Balance June 30, 2024	$	7,399

11. Accrued Liabilities

Accrued expenses relate to various accruals for the Company. Accrued interest represents the interest in debt not paid in the six months ended June 30, 2024 and in the year ended December 31, 2023. Accrued liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

	June 30		December 31
	2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Accrued legal	$	7,359	$	8,684
Accrued interest		9,399		5,516
Accrued financing cost		3,481		3,537
Accrued construction expense		363		2,134
Accrued transaction cost - business combination		261		1,527
Accrued audit fees		150		800
Accrued payroll		309		148
Other accrued expenses		1,267		2,064
Total	$	22,589	$	24,410

12. Taxes Recoverable and Payable

Taxes recoverable and payable consist of VAT taxes payable and receivable from various European governments through group transactions in these countries. Taxes recoverable consist of the following (in thousands):

	June 30			December 31
	2024			2023
	(in thousands)
Taxes recoverable	$	696		$	631
Less: Taxes payable		(84	)		(14	)
Total	$	612		$	617

13. Green Bonds, Convertible and Non-convertible Promissory Notes

The following table reflects the total debt balances of the Company as June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	As of June 30			As of December 31
	2024			2023
	(in thousands)
Senior Secured Green Bonds	$	86,618		$	166,122
Senior Secured debt and promissory notes secured		33,538			32,312
Total debt		120,156			198,434
Less current maturities		(120,156	)		(198,434	)
Long term debt, net of current maturities	$	-		$	-

Current Maturities	$	120,156		$	198,434
Less unamortized debt discount		(614	)		(892	)
Current Maturities net of debt discount	$	119,542		$	197,542

The Company incurred debt issuance costs of $0.6 million during the six-month period ended June 30, 2024. Debt issuance costs are recorded as a debt discount and are amortized to interest expense over the life of the debt, upon the close of the related debt transaction, in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Interest expense stemming from amortization of debt discounts for continuing operations for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was $1.3 million and for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $4.9 million.

There was no interest expense stemming from amortization of debt discounts for discontinued operations for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

All outstanding debt for the company is considered short-term based on their respective maturity dates and are to be repaid within the year 2024.

Senior secured debt:

In May 2022, AEG MH02 entered into a loan agreement with a group of private lenders of approximately $10.8 million with an initial stated interest rate of 8% and a maturity date of May 31, 2023. In February 2023, the loan agreement was amended stating a new interest rate of 16% retroactive to the date of the first draw in June 2022. In May 2023, the loan was extended and the interest rate was revised to 18% from June 1, 2023. In July 2023, the loan agreement was further extended to October 31, 2023. In November 2023, the loan agreement was further extended to May 31, 2024. As of the date of this report this loan is in default, however management is in active discussions with the lender to renegotiate the terms. Due to these addendums, $1.6 million of interest was recognized in the six months ended June 30, 2024. The Company had principal outstanding of $10.7 million and $11.0 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

In June 2022, Alt US 02, a subsidiary of Alternus Energy Americas, and indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into an agreement as part of the transaction with Lightwave Renewables, LLC to acquire rights to develop a solar park in Tennessee. The Company entered into a construction promissory note of $5.9 million with a variable interest rate of prime plus 2.5% and an original maturity date of June 29, 2023. On January 26, 2024, the loan was extended to June 29, 2024 due to logistical issues that caused construction delays. As of the date of this report this loan is currently in default. Management is in active discussions with the lender to renegotiate the terms. The Company had principal outstanding of $5.4 million and $4.3 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

On February 28, 2023, Alt US 03, a subsidiary of Alternus Energy Americas, and indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into an agreement as part of the transaction to acquire rights to develop a solar park in Tennessee. Alt US 03 entered into a construction promissory note of $920 thousand with a variable interest rate of prime plus 2.5% and due May 31, 2024. This note had a principal outstanding balance of $717 thousand as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. On July 2, 2024, management renegotiated the terms with the lender to a revised interest rate of 11% and to extend the maturity date to November 30, 2024.

In July 2023, one of the Company’s US subsidiaries acquired a 32 MWp solar PV project in Tennessee for $2.4 million financed through a bank loan having a six-month term, 24% APY, and an extended maturity date of February 29, 2024. The project is expected to start operating in Q1 2026. 100% of offtake is already secured by 30-year power purchase agreements with two regional utilities. The Company had a principal outstanding balance of $7.0 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. On July 3, 2024, management renegotiated the terms with the lender to extend the maturity date to October 1, 2024.

In July 2023, Alt Spain Holdco, one of the Company’s Spanish subsidiaries acquired the project rights for a 32 MWp portfolio of Solar PV projects in Valencia, Spain, with an initial payment of $1.9 million, financed through a €3.0 million ($3.3 million) bank facility having a six-month term and accruing ’Six Month Euribor’ plus 2% margin. On January 24, 2024, the maturity date was extended to July 28, 2024. On July 28, 2024 the loan was further extended to January 28, 2025 and the principal amount was reduced to €2.6 million ($2.8 million) from cash on hand. This note had a principal outstanding balance of $3.2 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

In October 2023, Alternus Energy Americas, one of the Company’s US subsidiaries secured a working capital loan in the amount of $3.2 million with a 0% interest until a specified date and a maturity date of March 31, 2024. In February 2024, the loan was further extended to February 28, 2025 and the principal amount was increased to $3.6 million. In March 2024, the Company began accruing interest at a rate of 10%. Additionally, on February 5, 2024 the Company issued the noteholder warrants to purchase up to 90,000 shares of restricted common stock, exercisable at $0.01 per share having a 5 year term and fair value of $86 thousand. The Company had a principal outstanding balance of $1.8 million as of June 30, 2024 and $3.2 million as of December 31, 2023. As of the date of this report this loan is currently in default. Management is in active discussions with the lender to further extend the note.

In December 2023, Alt US 07, one of the Company’s US subsidiaries acquired the project rights to a 14 MWp solar PV project in Alabama for $1.1 million financed through a bank loan having a six-month term, 24% APY, and a maturity date of May 28, 2024. The project is expected to start operating in Q2 2025. 100% of offtake is already secured by 30-year power purchase agreements with two regional utilities. This note had a principal outstanding balance of $1.1 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. On July 3, 2024, management renegotiated the terms with the lender to extend the maturity date to October 1, 2024.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, 225,000 shares of Common Stock were issued at Closing to the Sponsor of Clean Earth to settle CLIN promissory notes of $1.6 million. The note has a 0% interest rate until perpetuity. The shares were issued at the closing price of $5 per share for $1.1 million. The difference of $0.5 million was recognized as an addition to Additional Paid in Capital. The Company had a principal outstanding balance of $1.4 million as of June 30, 2024 and $1.6 million as of December 31, 2023. Management determined the extinguishment of this note is the result of a Troubled Debt Restructuring.

Convertible Promissory Notes:

In January 2024, the Company assumed a $938 thousand (€850 thousand) convertible promissory note from AEG PLC, a related party. The note had a 10% interest maturing in March 2025. The note was assumed as part of the Business Combination that was completed in December 2023. On January 3, 2024, the noteholder converted all of the principal and accrued interest owed under the note, equal to $1.0 million, into 1,320,000 shares of restricted common stock.

In April 2024, the Company issued to an institutional investor a senior convertible note in the principal amount of $2,160,000, issued with an 8.0% original issue discount, and a warrant to purchase up to 2,411,088 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $0.480 per share. Maxim Group LLC (“Maxim”) acted as placement agent for the Convertible Note issuance and also received a warrant to purchase 241,109 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $0.527 per share for their role as placement agent. The Company also paid Maxim a cash placement agency fee of $140,000, and reimbursed certain out of pocket fees up to $50,000. The Company received gross proceeds of $2,000,000, before fees and other expenses associated with the transaction. The Convertible Note matures on April 20, 2025 (unless accelerated due to an event of default or accelerated up to six installments by the Investor), bears interest at a rate of 7% per annum, which shall automatically be increased to 12.0% per annum in the event of default, and ranks senior to the Company’s existing and future unsecured indebtedness. The Convertible Note is convertible in whole or in part at the option of the Investor into shares of Common Stock (the “Conversion Shares”) at the Conversion Price (as defined below) at any time following the date of issuance of the Convertible Note. The Convertible Note is payable monthly on each Installment Date (as defined in the Convertible Note) commencing on the earlier of July 18, 2024 and the effective date of the initial registration statement required to be filed pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement (as defined below) in an amount equal the sum of (A) the lesser of (x) $216,000 and (y) the outstanding principal amount of the Convertible Note, (B) interest due and payable under the Convertible Note and (C) other amounts specified in the Convertible Note (such sum being the “Installment Amount”); provided, however, if on any Installment Date, no failure to meet the Equity Conditions (as defined in the Convertible Note) exits pursuant to the Convertible Note, the Company may pay all or a portion of the Installment Amount with shares of its common stock. The portion of the Installment Amount paid with common stock shall be based on the Installment Conversion Price. “Installment Conversion Price” means the lower of (i) the Conversion Price (defined below) and (ii) the greater of (x) 92% of the average of the two (2) lowest daily VWAPs (as defined in the Convertible Note) in the ten (10) trading days immediately prior to each conversion date and (y) $0.07. “Equity Conditions Failure” means that on any day during the period commencing twenty (20) trading days prior to the applicable Installment Notice Date or Interest Date (each as defined in the Convertible Note) through the later of the applicable Installment Date or Interest Date and the date on which the applicable shares of Common Stock are actually delivered to the Holder, the Equity Conditions have not been satisfied (or waived in writing by the Holder). The Convertible Note is convertible, at the option of the Investor, at any time, into such number of shares of Common Stock of the Company equal to the principal amount of the Convertible Note plus all accrued and unpaid interest at a conversion price equal to $0.48 (the “Conversion Price”). The Conversion Price is subject to full ratchet antidilution protection, subject to a floor conversion price of $0.07 per share. The Convertible Note may not be converted and shares of Common Stock may not be issued under the Convertible Note if, after giving effect to the conversion or issuance, the Investor together with its affiliates would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% (or, upon election of the Investor, 9.99%) of the outstanding Common Stock. In addition to the beneficial ownership limitations in the Convertible Note, the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued under that certain Purchase Agreement (including the Convertible Note and Warrant and Common Stock issued thereunder) is limited to 19.99% of the outstanding Common Stock as of April 19, 2024 (the “Exchange Cap”, which is equal to 16,007,325 shares of Common Stock, subject to adjustment as described in the Purchase Agreement), unless shareholder approval (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) (“Stockholder Approval”) is obtained by the Company to issue more than the Exchange Cap. The Exchange Cap shall be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or other similar transaction. The Company adopted ASU 2020-06 as of January 1, 2023. This ASU removes the concepts of a beneficial conversion feature and cash conversion feature from the ASC guidance. The Company recorded a loss on debt issuance of $0.9 million. As at June 30, 2024 the outstanding principal was $2.16 million with fair value of $2.32 million at that date. The Company also recorded a $0.2 million loss on movement in fair value in the three months to June 30, 2024.

Other Debt:

The Solis Bonds

In January 2021, the Company approved the issuance by one of its subsidiaries, Solis, of a series of 3-year senior secured green bonds in the maximum amount of $242.0 million (€200.0 million) with a stated coupon rate of 6.5% + EURIBOR and quarterly interest payments. The bond agreement is for repaying existing facilities of approximately $40.0 million (€33 million), and funding acquisitions of approximately $87.2 million (€72.0 million). The bonds are secured by the Solis Bond Company’s underlying assets. The Company raised approximately $125.0 million (€110.0 million) in the initial funding. In November 2021, Solis Bond Company DAC, completed an additional issue of $24.0 million (€20.0 million). The additional issue was completed at an issue price of 102% of par value, corresponding to a yield of 5.5%. The Company raised $11.1 million (€10.0 million) in March 2022 at 97% for an effective yield of 9.5%. In connection with the bond agreement the Company incurred approximately $11.8 million in debt issuance costs. The Company recorded these as a discount on the debt and they are being amortized as interest expense over the contractual period of the bond agreement. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there was $87.3 million and $166.1 million outstanding on the Bond, respectively.

As of June 30, 2024, Solis was in breach of the three financial covenants under Solis’ Bond terms: (i) the minimum Liquidity Covenant that requires the higher of €5.5 million or 5% of the outstanding Nominal Amount, (ii) the minimum Equity Ratio covenant of 25%, and (iii) the Leverage Ratio of NIBD/EBITDA to not be higher than 6.5 times for the year ended December 2021, 6.0 times for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 5.5 times for the period ending on the maturity date of the Bond. The Solis Bond carries a 3 months EURIBOR plus 6.5% per annum interest rate, and has quarterly interest payments, with a bullet payment to be paid on the Maturity Date. The Solis Bond is senior secured through a first priority pledge on the shares of Solis and its subsidiaries, a parent guarantee from Alternus Energy Group Plc, and a first priority assignment over any intercompany loans. Additionally, Solis bondholders hold a preference share in an Alternus holding company which holds certain development projects in Spain and Italy. The preference share gives the bondholders the right on any distributions up to EUR 10 million, and such assets will be divested to ensure repayment of up to EUR 10 million should it not be fully repaid by the Maturity Date.

Additionally, because Solis was unable to fully repay the Solis Bonds by September 30, 2023, Solis’ bondholders have the right to immediately transfer ownership of Solis and all of its subsidiaries to the bondholders and proceed to sell Solis’ assets to recoup the full amount owed to the bondholders which as of June 30, 2024 is currently €80.8 million (approximately $86.6 million). If the ownership of Solis and all of its subsidiaries were to be transferred to the Solis bondholders, the majority of the Company’s operating assets and related revenues and EBIDTA would be eliminated.

On October 16 2023, bondholders approved to further extend the temporary waiver to December 16, 2023. On December 18, 2023, a representative group of the bondholders approved an extension of the temporary waivers and the maturity date of the Solis Bonds until January 31, 2024, with the right to further extend to February 29, 2024, at the Solis Bond trustee’s discretion. The bondholders further extended the bonds monthly and which was subsequently approved by a majority of the bondholders on January 3, 2024. On March 12, 2024, the Solis Bondholders approved resolutions to further extend the temporary waivers and the maturity date until April 30, 2024 with the right to further extend to May 31, 2024 at the Bond Trustee’s discretion, which it granted, and thereafter on a month-to-month basis to November 29, 2024 at the Bond Trustee’s discretion and approval from a majority of Bondholders. Subsequently, the Solis bondholders have approved monthly resolutions to further extend the temporary waivers and the maturity date of the Solis Bonds to August 31, 2024. As such, the Solis bond debt is currently recorded as short-term debt.

On December 28, 2023, Solis sold 100% of the share capital in its Italian subsidiaries for approximately €15.8 million (approximately $17.5 million).

On December 21, 2022, the Company’s wholly owned Irish subsidiaries, AEG JD 01 LTD and AEG MH 03 LTD entered in a financing facility with Deutsche Bank AG (“Lender”). This is an uncommitted revolving debt financing of €500,000,000 to finance eligible project costs for the acquisition, construction, and operation of installation/ready to build solar PV plants across Europe (the “Warehouse Facility”). The Warehouse Facility, which matures on the third anniversary of the closing date of the Credit Agreement (the “Maturity Date”), bears interest at Euribor plus an aggregate margin at a market rate for such facilities, which steps down by 0.5% once the underlying non-Euro costs financed reduces below 33.33% of the overall costs financed. The Warehouse Facility is not currently drawn upon, but a total of approximately €1,800,000 in arrangement and commitment fees is currently owed to the Lender. Once drawn, the Warehouse Facility capitalizes interest payments until projects reach their commercial operations dates through to the Maturity Date; it also provides for mandatory prepayments in certain situations.

On March 21, 2024, ALCE and the Sponsor of Clean Earth (“CLIN”) agreed to a settlement of a $1.2 million note assumed by ALCE as part of the Business Combination that was completed in December 2023. The note had a maturity date of whenever CLIN closes its Business Combination Agreement and accrued interest of 25%. ALCE issued 225,000 shares to the Sponsor in March 21, 2024 and a payment plan of the rest of the outstanding balance was agreed to with payments to commence on July 15, 2024. The closing stock price of the Company was $0.47 on the date of issuance. Payments have not commenced as of the date of this and management is in active discussions to extend the July 15 date.

14. Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease or contains a lease at inception or acquisition when the Company acquires a new park. The Company has operating leases for corporate offices and land with remaining lease terms of 4 to 28 years.

Operating lease assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company estimates its incremental borrowing rate based on information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. Lease expense related to the net present value of payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The key components of the company’s operating leases were as follows (in thousands):

	June 30,			December 31,
	2024			2023
Operating Lease - Operating Cash Flows (Fixed Payments)		115			189
Operating Lease - Operating Cash Flows (Liability Reduction)		87			129

New ROU Assets - Operating Leases		-			409

Weighted Average Lease Term - Operating Leases (years)		12.74			13.24
Weighted Average Discount Rate - Operating Leases		7.65	%		7.65	%

The Company’s operating leases generally relate to the rent of office building space as well as land and rooftops upon which the Company’s solar parks are built. These leases include those that have been assumed in connection with the Company’s asset acquisitions and business combinations. The Company’s leases are for varying terms and expire between 2027 and 2051.

In October 2023, the Company entered a new lease for land in Madrid, Spain where solar parks are planned to be built. The lease term is 35 years with an estimated annual cost of $32 thousand.

Maturities of lease liabilities as of June 30, 2024 were as follows:

	(in thousands)
Five-year lease schedule:
2024 Jul 1 – Dec 31	$	118
2025		238
2026		244
2027		250
2028		219
Thereafter		2,009
Total lease payments		3,078
Less imputed interest		(1,711	)
Total	$	1,367

The Company had no finance leases as of June 30, 2024.

15. Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

The Company recognizes a liability for loss contingencies when it believes it is probable a liability has occurred, and the amount can be reasonably estimated. If some amount within a range of loss appears at the time to be a better estimate than any other amount within the range, the Company accrues that amount. When no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, the Company accrues the minimum amount in the range. The Company has established an accrual for those legal proceedings and regulatory matters for which a loss is both probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated.

On May 4, 2023 Alternus received notice that Solartechnik, an international group specializing in solar installations, filed an arbitration claim against Alternus Energy Group PLC, Solis Bond Company DAC, and ALT POL HC 01 SP. Z.o.o. in the Court of Arbitration at the Polish Chamber of Commerce, claiming that PLN 24,980,589 (approximately $5.8 million) is due and owed to Solartechnik pursuant to a preliminary share purchase agreement by and among the parties that did not ultimately close, plus costs, expenses, legal fees and interest. The Company has accrued a liability for this loss contingency in the amount of approximately $6.8 million, which represents the contractual amount allegedly owed. It is reasonably possible that the potential loss may exceed our accrued liability due to costs, expenses, legal fees, and interest that are also alleged by Solartechnik as owed, but at the time of filing this report, we are unable to determine an estimate of that possible additional loss in excess of the amount accrued. The Company is vigorously defending itself in this action.

Contingencies

On April 30, 2024, ALT US 01 LLC (“ALT”), a company incorporated under the laws of Delaware and indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Alternus Clean Energy, Inc. entered into a Membership Interest Purchase and Sale Agreement (the “MIPA”) by and among ALT and C2 Taiyo Fund I, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (“C2”). Pursuant to the MIPA, among other things, C2 will sell to ALT, and ALT will purchase from C2, 100% of the membership interests in Taiyo Holding LLC (“Target”). The Target owns a portfolio of special purchase vehicles (SPVs) which own and operate a portfolio of solar parks across the United States, with a maximum total production capacity of approximately 80.7 MWp. In exchange, ALT will pay to C2 a Purchase Price (as defined in the MIPA) of approximately $60.2 million, minus debt, for a net purchase price of approximately $15 million, plus net working capital, and which may be further subject to adjustments pursuant to the terms and conditions of the MIPA, and subject to meeting all of the conditions precedent and other applicable terms and conditions of the MIPA. While the MIPA contemplated that closing of the acquisition would take place by no later than June 30, 2024 or such later date as the Parties to the MIPA may agree in writing, the conditions precedent to closing are such that there can be no assurance that the acquisition will be completed in that time or at all. The MIPA contains certain conditions precedent including, but not limited to, restructuring of the existing debt and lender’s consent to the assumption of such debt. The MIPA also contains customary representations, warranties and covenants for transactions of its size and type. The representations, warranties and covenants set forth in the MIPA have been made only for the purposes of the MIPA and solely for the benefit of ALT and C2, respectively, and may be subject to limitations agreed upon by such parties, including being qualified by confidential disclosures made for the purposes of allocating contractual risk between the such parties under the MIPA, instead of establishing these matters as facts. In addition, such representations and warranties were made only as of the dates specified in the MIPA, and information regarding the subject matter thereof may change after the date of the MIPA. As of the date of this filing, all of the conditions precedent and other applicable terms and conditions of the MIPA have not been achieved and the MIPA remains valid.

16. Asset Retirement Obligations

The Company’s AROs mostly relate to the retirement of solar park land or buildings. The discount rate used to estimate the present value of the expected future cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and the year ended December 31, 2023 was 7.7%.

	Activity
ARO Liability - Balance January 1, 2023	$	397
Additional obligations incurred		-
Disposals		(235	)
Accretion expense		24
Foreign exchange gain/(loss)		11
ARO Liability - Balance December 31, 2023	$	197
Additional obligations incurred		-
Disposals		-
Accretion expense		6
Foreign exchange gain/(loss)		(6	)
ARO Liability – June 30, 2024	$	197

17. Development Costs

The Company depends heavily on government policies that support our business and enhance the economic feasibility of developing and operating solar energy projects in regions in which we operate or plan to develop and operate renewable energy facilities. The Company can decide to abandon a project if it becomes uneconomic due to various factors, for example, a change in market conditions leading to higher costs of construction, lower energy rates, political factors or otherwise where governments from time to time may review their laws and policies that support renewable energy and consider actions that would make the laws and policies less conducive to the development and operation of renewable energy facilities, or other factors that change the expected returns on the project. Any reductions or modifications to, or the elimination of, governmental incentives or policies that support renewable energy or the imposition of additional taxes or other assessments on renewable energy could result in, among other items, the lack of a satisfactory market for the development and/or financing of new renewable energy projects, our abandoning the development of renewable energy projects, a loss of our investments in the projects, and reduced project returns, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

Development costs related to abandoned projects for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

	Six Months Ended June 30
	2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Miscellaneous development cost	$	7	$	755
Total	$	7	$	755

Miscellaneous development cost relates to cost associated with projects abandoned during various phases, due to lack of technical, legal, or financial feasibility.

18. Discontinued Operations Sold

In July 2023, the Company engaged multiple parties to market the Polish and Netherlands assets to potential buyers. In the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company decided to proceed with the sales of the 6 PV parks in Poland and 1 park in the Netherlands. As the exit of these two markets represented a strategic shift for the Company, the assets were classified as discontinued operations in accordance with ASC 205-20. As of December 31, 2023, the Polish and Netherlands assets were classified as disposal groups held for sale. The balances and results of the Polish and Netherlands disposal groups are presented below.

The sale of the Polish assets was finalized January 19, 2024 with a cash consideration of $59.4 million for all operating assets. In accordance with ASC 360, the company removed the disposal group and recognized a gain of $3.5 million upon the sale, of which $0.8 million were costs associated with the sale.

The sale of the Netherlands assets was finalized February 21, 2024 with a cash consideration of $7.1 million for all operating assets. In accordance with ASC 360, the company removed the disposal group and recognized a loss of $1.3 million upon the sale, of which $0.5 million were costs associated with the sale.

	As of January 19		As of December 31
Poland	2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Assets:
Cash & cash equivalents	$	630	$	630
Other current assets		442		443
Property, plant, and equipment, net		63,107		63,107
Operating leases, non-current - assets		5,923		5,923
Total assets held for sale	$	70,102	$	70,103

Liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	2,933	$	2,935
Operating leases, current – liabilities		281		281
Other current liabilities		25		1,549
Operating leases, non-current - liabilities		5,798		5,798
Other non-current liabilities		985		985
Total liabilities to be disposed of	$	10,022	$	11,548

Net assets held for sale	$	60,080	$	58,555

	Three Months Ended June 30					Six Months Ended June 30
Poland	2024		2023			2024			2023
	(in thousands)					(in thousands)

Revenues	$	-	$	3,059		$	106		$	4,164

Operating Expenses
Cost of revenues		-		(1,065	)		(101	)		(2,001	)
Depreciation, amortization, and accretion		-		(652	)		(123	)		(1,261	)
Gain on disposal of asset		-		-			3,484			-
Total operating expenses		-		(1,717	)		3,260			(3,262	)

Income/(loss) from discontinued operations		-		1,342			3,366			902

Other income/(expense):
Interest expense		-		(1,371	)		(688	)		(2,604	)
Other expense		-		(85	)		-			(85	)
Total other expenses	$	-	$	(1,456	)	$	(688	)	$	(2,689	)
Income/(Loss) before provision for income taxes	$	-	$	(114	)	$	2,678		$	(1,787	)
Net income/(loss) from discontinued operations	$	-	$	(114	)	$	2,678		$	(1,787	)

Impact of discontinued operations on EPS
Net income/(loss) attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	-	$	(114	)	$	2,678		$	(1,787	)
Net income/(loss) per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	-	$	(0.00	)	$	0.04		$	(0.03	)
Weighted-average common stock outstanding, basic		-		57,500,000			66,138,049			57,500,000
Weighted-average common stock outstanding, diluted		-		57,500,000			66,138,049			57,500,000

	As of February 21,		As of December 31
Netherlands	2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Assets:
Cash & cash equivalents	$	75	$	155
Accounts receivable, net		-		99
Other current assets		178		58
Property, plant, and equipment, net		7,669		7,845
Operating leases, non-current – assets		1,441		1,469
Other non-current assets		1,192		1,214
Total assets held for sale	$	10,555	$	10,840

Liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	945	$	925
Operating leases, current – liabilities		55		55
Other current liabilities		95		430
Operating leases, non-current – liabilities		1,273		1,301
Total liabilities to be disposed of	$	2,368	$	2,711

Net assets held for sale	$	8,187	$	8,129

	Three Months Ended June 30					Six Months Ended June 30
Netherlands	2024		2023			2024			2023
	(in thousands)					(in thousands)

Revenues		-	$	1,979		$	16		$	2,180

Operating Expenses
Cost of revenues		-		(190	)		(115	)		(251	)
Depreciation, amortization, and accretion		-		(110	)		(57	)		(235	)
Loss on disposal of asset		-		-			(1,334	)		-
Total operating expenses		-		(300	)		(1,506	)		(486	)

Income/(loss) from discontinued operations		-		1,679			(1,490	)		1,694

Other income/(expense):
Interest expense		-		(272	)		(113	)		(521	)
Other expense		-		(61	)		-			(61	)
Total other expenses		-	$	(333	)	$	(113	)	$	(582	)
Loss before provision for income taxes		-	$	1,346		$	(1,603	)	$	1,112
Net loss from discontinued operations		-	$	1,346		$	(1,603	)	$	1,112

Impact of discontinued operations on EPS
Net loss attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted		-	$	1,346		$	(1,603	)	$	1,112
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted		-	$	0.02		$	(0.02	)	$	0.02
Weighted-average common stock outstanding, basic		-		57,500,000			66,138,049			57,500,000
Weighted-average common stock outstanding, diluted		-		57,500,000			66,138,049			57,500,000

19. Italy Sale Disclosure

In June 2023 the Company engaged an Italian firm to market the Company’s operating assets in Italy. During the fourth quarter of 2023 a buyer was identified, and the sale of the assets was finalized on December 28, 2023. The Company received a cash consideration of $17.5 million for all operating assets. In accordance with ASC 360, the Company removed the disposal group and recognized a loss of $5.5 million upon sale on December 28, 2023, of which $0.6 million were cost associated with the sale. The remaining balances and results of the Italian assets not disposed are presented below:

	As of June 30,		Year Ended December 31,
Italy	2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Assets:
Cash & cash equivalents	$	31	$	100
Other current assets		318		338
Other non-current assets – projects in development		3,807		3,819
Total assets	$	4,156	$	4,257

Liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	4	$	21
Other current liabilities		309		578
Total liabilities	$	313	$	599

Net assets	$	3,843	$	3,658

	Three Months Ended June 30					Six Months Ended June 30,
Italy	2024		2023			2024			2023
	(in thousands)					(in thousands)

Revenues	$	-	$	1,040		$	-		$	1,695

Operating Expenses
Cost of revenues		-		(217	)		-			(479	)
Selling, general, and administrative		-		(16	)		(7	)		(58	)
Depreciation, amortization, and accretion		-		(420	)		-			(830	)
Total operating expenses		-		(653	)		(7	)		(1,367	)

Loss from discontinued operations		-		387			(7	)		328

Other income/(expense):
Other income		-		19			-			-
Other expense		-		-			-			(18	)
Total other expenses	$	-	$	19		$	-		$	(18	)
Loss before provision for income taxes	$	-	$	406		$	(7	)	$	310
Income taxes		-		-			-			-
Net loss from discontinued operations	$	-	$	406		$	(7	)	$	310

Impact on EPS
Net loss attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	-	$	406		$	(7	)	$	310
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted		0.00	$	0.01		$	0.00		$	0.01
Weighted-average common stock outstanding, basic		66,138,049		57,500,000			66,138,049			57,500,000
Weighted-average common stock outstanding, diluted		66,138,049		57,500,000			66,138,049			57,500,000

20. Shareholders’ Equity

Common Stock

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had a total of 150,000,000 shares of common stock authorized with 71,905,363 shares issued and outstanding. As of June 30, 2024, the Company had a total of 150,000,000 shares of common stock authorized with 81,826,664 shares issued and outstanding.

On January 23, 2024, the Company entered into a six-month marketing services agreement. The Company issued 81,301 shares at a market value of $1.01 in exchange for marketing services provided. On May 8, 2024, this agreement was extended another six months with an additional 330,000 shares issued.

On February 20, 2024, the Company entered into a two-month marketing services agreement. The Company issued 100,000 shares at a market value of $0.35 for marketing services provided. This agreement has the potential of renewal for an additional three months upon mutual written consent.

On May 8, 2024, the Company entered into a five-month digital marketing services agreement. The Company issued 100,000 shares at a market value of $0.35 per share for digital marketing advisory services provided.

Preferred Stock

As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company also had a total of 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock authorized. There were no preferred shares issued or outstanding as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The board of directors of the Company has the authority to establish one or more series of preferred stock, fix the voting rights, if any, designations, powers, preferences and any other rights, if any, of each such series and any qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof.

Warrants

As of December 31, 2023, warrants to purchase up to 12,345,000 shares of common stock were issued and outstanding. These warrants were related to financing activities. As inducement to extend the maturity of an existing note with warrants, on February 5, 2024 the Company issued 90,000 additional penny warrants with a five-year term to the noteholder with a five year term.

On April 19, 2024, the Company entered into a Purchase Agreement with an institutional investor pursuant to which we sold, and the investor purchased a warrant to purchase an aggregate of 2,411,088 shares of common stock. The warrant is exercisable for shares of common stock at a price of $0.48 per share (the “Exercise Price”). The warrant is exercisable immediately and expires on October 20, 2029. The Exercise Price is subject to full ratchet anti-dilution protection, subject to certain price limitations required by Nasdaq rules and regulations and certain exceptions. In conjunction with the transaction, the Company issued warrants for the purchase of 241,109 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $0.527 per share for their role as placement agent, which is exercisable at any time on or after October 19, 2024 and will expire on the third anniversary of the effective date of the registration statement registering the underlying warrant shares.

As of June 30, 2024, warrants to purchase up to 15,087,197 shares of common stock were issued and outstanding.

	Warrants		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Outstanding - December 31, 2022		11,945,000	$	11.50		5.98
Issued during the period		-		-		-
Expired during the period		-		-		-
Outstanding – June 30, 2023		11,945,000		11.50		5.98
Exercisable – June 30, 2023		11,945,000	$	11.50		5.98

	Warrants		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Outstanding - December 31, 2023		12,345,000	$	11.22		4.93
Issued during the period		2,742,197		0.50		5.07
Expired during the period		-		-		-
Outstanding – June 30, 2024		15,087,197		9.27		4.59
Exercisable – June 30, 2024		15,087,197	$	9.27		4.59

21. Segment and Geographic Information

The Company has two reportable segments that consist of PV operations by geographical region, U.S. Operations and European Operations. European operations represent our most significant business. The Chief Operating Decision-Maker (CODM) is the CEO.

The European Segment derives revenues from three sources, Country Renewable Programs, Green Certificates and Long-term Offtake Agreements. The US Segment revenues are derived from Long-term Offtake Agreements.

In evaluating financial performance, we focus on EBITDA, a non-GAAP measure, as a segment’s measure of profit or loss. EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization. The Company uses EBITDA because management believes that it can be a useful financial metric in understanding the Company’s earnings from operations. EBITDA is not a measures of the Company’s financial performance under GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income or any other performance measure derived in accordance with GAAP. As a trans-Atlantic independent solar power provider, we evaluate many of our capital expenditure decisions at a regional level. Accordingly, expenditures on property, plant and equipment and associated debt by segment are presented. The following tables present information related to the Company’s reportable segments.

	Three Months Ended June 30				Six Months Ended June 30
Revenue by Segment	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Europe	$	3,754	$	5,982	$	5,840	$	9,811
Europe – Discontinued Operations		-		5,037		123		6,344
United States		93		33		187		50
Total for the period	$	3,847	$	11,052	$	6,150	$	16,205

	Three Months Ended June 30						Six Months Ended June 30
Operating Loss by Segment	2024			2023			2024			2023
	(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Europe	$	(3,018	)	$	(607	)	$	(5,924	)	$	(4,917	)
United States		(3,819	)		(1,048	)		(7,492	)		(1,990	)
Total for the period	$	(6,837	)	$	(1,655	)	$	(13,416	)	$	(6,907	)

	As of June 30,		As of December 31
Assets by Segment	2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Europe
Fixed Assets	$	41,335	$	125,600
Other Assets		21,295		36,728
Total for Europe	$	62,630	$	162,328

United States
Fixed Assets	$	6,524	$	5,119
Other Assets		17,457		17,839
Total for US	$	23,981	$	22,958

	As of June 30,		As of December 31,
Liabilities by Segment	2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Europe
Debt	$	100,547	$	180,294
Other Liabilities		29,873		39,378
Total for Europe	$	130,420	$	219,672

United States
Debt	$	20,125	$	17,247
Other Liabilities		13,134		11,621
Total for US	$	33,259	$	28,868

	Three Months Ended June 30				Six Months Ended June 30
Revenue by Product Type	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Country Renewable Programs (FIT)
Europe	$	-	$	2,566	$	29	$	2,522
US		93		33		187		50
Total for the period	$	93	$	2,599	$	216	$	2,572

Green Certificates (FIT)
Europe	$	2,021	$	3,046	$	3,596	$	4,926
US		-		-		-		-
Total for the period	$	2,021	$	3,046	$	3,596	$	4,926

Energy Offtake Agreements (PPA)
Europe	$	1,733	$	5,408	$	2,338	$	8,707
United States		-		-		-		-
Total for the period	$	1,733	$	5,048	$	2,338	$	8,707

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
EBITDA by Segment	2024			2023			2024			2023
	(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Europe	$	993		$	7,024		$	3,253		$	9,139
US		(2,052	)		(946	)		(4,878	)		(1,803	)
Total for the period	$	(1,059	)	$	6,078		$	(1,625	)	$	7,336

Below is a reconciliation of net income to EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
EBITDA Reconciliation to Net Loss	2024			2023			2024			2023
	(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Europe
EBITDA	$	993		$	7,024		$	3,253		$	9,139
Depreciation, amortization, and accretion		(493	)		(1,634	)		(1,192	)		(3,209	)
Interest expense		(3,518	)		(5,996	)		(7,985	)		(10,847	)
Income taxes		-			-			-			-
Net Loss	$	(3,018	)	$	(606	)	$	(5,924	)	$	(4,917	)

US
EBITDA	$	(2,052	)	$	(946	)	$	(4,878	)	$	(1,803	)
Depreciation, amortization, and accretion		(49	)		(52	)		(99	)		(55	)
Interest expense		(588	)		(51	)		(1,081	)		(132	)
Income taxes		-			-			-			-
Fair value movement of FPA Asset		-			-			(483	)		-
Fair value movement of convertible debt and warrant		(182	)		-			(182	)		-
Loss on issuance of debt		(948	)		-			(948	)		-
Gain on extinguishment of debt		-			-			179			-
Net Loss	$	(3,819	)	$	(1,049	)	$	(7,492	)	$	(1,990	)
Consolidated Net Loss	$	(6,837	)	$	(1,655	)	$	(13,416	)	$	(6,907	)

22. Income Tax Provision

The Company’s provision from income taxes for interim periods is determined using its effective tax rate expected to be applied for the full year. The Company’s effective tax rate was 0.0% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 0.0% the six months ended June 30, 2023 respectively, as it maintains a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets.

The Company assesses the realizability of the deferred tax assets at each reporting date. The Company continues to maintain a full valuation allowance for its net deferred tax assets. If certain substantial changes in the entity’s ownership occur, there may be an annual limitation on the amount of the carryforwards that can be utilized. The Company will continue to assess the need for a valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets.

23. Related Party

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

AEG:

Alternus Energy Group Plc (“AEG”) was an eighty percent (80%) shareholder of the Company as of December 22, 2023 and as of December 31, 2023. On October 12, 2022 AEG entered into the Business Combination Agreement with the Company and Clean Earth Acquisition Sponsor LLC (the “Sponsor”) which closed on December 22, 2023 (See FN 1).In conjunction with the Business Combination Agreement, AEG also entered into an Investor Rights Agreement. The Investor Rights Agreement provides for certain governance requirements, registration rights and a lockup agreement under which AEG is restricted from selling its shares in the Company for one year, or until December 22, 2024, other than 1,437,500 shares after March 22, 2024 and an additional 1,437,500 after June 22, 2024, provided the shares are registered under a registration statement on SEC Form S-1. On July 31, 2024 these shares were registered.

In January 2024, the Company assumed a $938 thousand (€850 thousand) convertible promissory note from AEG. The note had a 10% interest maturing in March 2025. On January 3, 2024, the noteholder converted all of the principal and accrued interest owed under the note, equal to $1.0 million, into 1,320,000 shares of restricted common stock.

Nordic ESG

In January of 2024, the Company issued 7,765,000 shares of restricted common stock valued at $1.23 per share to Nordic ESG and Impact Fund SCSp (“Nordic ESG”) as settlement of AEG’s €8m note. This resulted in Nordic ESG becoming a related party and resulted in a decrease of AEG’s ownership of the Company from 80% to 72%.

Sponsor:

Clean Earth Acquisitions Sponsor LLC (“Sponsor”) was the founder and controlling shareholder of the Company during the year ended December 31, 2023 and up to the Business Combination Closing Date, December 22, 2023, when Sponsor became an 11% shareholder of the Company. The Sponsor entered into the Business Combination Agreement with the Company and AEG, and also entered into the Investor Rights Agreement and the Sponsor Support Agreement, The Sponsor agreed, pursuant to the Sponsor Support Agreement, to vote all of their shares of capital stock (and any securities convertible or exercisable into capital stock) in favor of the approval of the Business Combination and against any other transactions, as well as to waive its redemption rights, agree to not transfer securities of the Company, and waive any anti-dilution or similar protections with respect to founder shares.

In order to fund working capital deficiencies or finance transaction costs in connection with a business combination, the Sponsor initially loaned $350,000 to the Company, in accordance with an unsecured promissory note (the “WC Note”) issued on September 26, 2022, under which up to $850,000 may be advanced. On August 8, 2023, the Company issued an additional $650,000 promissory note to the Sponsor to fund the Second WC Note. The Second WC Note is non-interest bearing and payable on the date which the Company consummates its initial Business Combination. Both of these notes were settled on the Business Combination closing date in exchange for 225,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.

On December 18, 2023, the Sponsor entered into a non-redemption agreement (the “NRA”) with the Company and the investor named therein (the “Investor”). Pursuant to the terms of the NRA, among other things, the Investor agreed to withdraw redemptions in connection with the Business Combination on any Common Stock, held by the Investor and to purchase additional Common Stock from redeeming stockholders of the Company such that the Investor will be the holder of no fewer than 277,778 shares of Common Stock.

On March 19, 2024 we entered into a settlement agreement with the Sponsor and SPAC Sponsor Capital Access (“SCA”) pursuant to which, among other things, we agreed to repay Sponsor’s debt to SCA, related to the CLIN SPAC entity extensions, in the amount of $1.4 million and issue 225,000 shares of restricted common stock valued at $0.47 per share to SCA.

D&O:

In connection with the Business Combination Closing, the Company entered into indemnification agreements (each, an “Indemnification Agreement”) with its directors and executive officers. Each Indemnification Agreement provides for indemnification and advancements by the Company of certain expenses and costs if the basis of the indemnitee’s involvement in a matter was by reason of the fact that the indemnitee is or was a director, officer, employee, or agent of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or was serving at the Company’s request in an official capacity for another entity, in each case to the fullest extent permitted by the laws of the State of Delaware.

On April 25, 2024 Joseph E. Duey, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, resigned, effective as of April 30, 2024. Mr. Duey advised the Company that his decision to step down from the role of Chief Financial Officer was not based on any disagreement with the Company on any matter relating to its operations, policies or practices. Mr. Duey is pursuing outside interests not in the renewable energy industry. Vincent Browne, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, is acting as interim Chief Financial Officer. The Company will be seeking a suitable replacement in due course.

On May 15, 2024, Mohammed Javade Chaudhri, a Class I director of the Company, resigned from the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) effective immediately. Mr. Chaudhri’s decision to resign from the Board is solely for personal reasons and is not the result of any disagreement with the Company’s operations, policies or procedures, or any disagreements in respect of accounting principles, financial statement disclosure, or any issue impacting on the committees of the Board on which he served.

Consulting Agreements:

On May 15, 2021 VestCo Corp., a company owned and controlled by our Chairman and CEO, Vincent Browne, entered into a Professional Consulting Agreement with one of our US subsidiaries under which it pays VestCo a monthly fee of $16,000. This agreement has a five year initial term and automatically extends for additional one year terms unless otherwise unilaterally terminated.

In July of 2023, John Thomas, one of our directors, entered into a Consulting Services Agreement with one of our US subsidiaries under which it pays Mr. Thomas a monthly fee of $11,000. This agreement has a five year initial term and automatically extends for additional one year terms unless otherwise unilaterally terminated.

	Six Months Ended June 30,
Transactions with Directors	2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Loan from Vestco, a related party to Board member and CEO Vincent Browne	$	-	$	210
Total	$	-	$	210

	Six Months Ended June 30,
Director’s remuneration	2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Remuneration in respect of services as directors	$	-	$	138
Remuneration in respect to long term incentive schemes		-		-
Total	$	-	$	138

24. Subsequent Events

Management has evaluated subsequent events that have occurred through August 23, 2024, which is the date the financial statements were available to be issued and has determined that there were no subsequent events that required recognition or disclosure in the financial statements as of and for the period ended June 30, 2024, except as disclosed below.

On July 23 2024, AEG and Solis, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary and related party, announced that the Bond Trustee has granted a technical extension of the Maturity Date until 30 August 2024. As was previously disclosed on 26 February 2024, the Bond Trustee, with approval from a majority of the Bondholders, may further extend the Bonds on a month to month basis to 29 November 2024.

On July 31, 2024 the Company received two Notices of Effectiveness from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in relation to the filing of the Company’s two registration statements on SEC Form S-1.

On August 7, 2024, the “Company entered into a ‘Heads of Terms’ for Joint Business Venture (the “Agreement”) with Hover Energy LLC and its affiliates (“Hover”) to establish a joint venture (the “Joint Venture”) for the financing, development, management and operation of ‘Microgrid Projects’ utilizing Hover Wind-Powered Microgrid™ technology, as required. On August 22, 2024, in accordance with the terms of the Agreement, five million shares of restricted common stock were issued to Hover.

ITEM 2 - MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of our operations should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 15, 2024. In addition to historical consolidated financial information, this discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed below. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below, and those discussed in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in any subsequent filing we make with the SEC.

Overview

The Company is a transatlantic integrated clean energy independent power producer. The Company develops, builds, owns, and operates a diverse portfolio of utility scale solar photo-voltaic (PV) parks that connect directly to national power grids. As of June 30, 2024, the Company’s revenue streams are generated from long-term, government-mandated, fixed price supply contracts with terms of between 15-20 years in the form of either government feed in tariffs (FIT), power purchase agreements (PPA) with investment grade off-takers, and other energy incentives. Of the Company’s current annual revenues, approximately 65% are generated from long-term contracts and 35% by sales to the general energy market in the countries the Company operates. The Company’s goal is to own and operate over 3.0 giga-watts (GWs) of solar parks over the next five years.

The Company was incorporated in Delaware on May 14, 2021, and was originally known as Clean Earth Acquisitions Corp. (“Clean Earth”).

On October 12, 2022, Clean Earth entered into a Business Combination Agreement, as amended by that certain First Amendment to the Business Combination Agreement, dated as of April 12, 2023 (the “First BCA Amendment”) (as amended by the First BCA Amendment, the “Initial Business Combination Agreement”), and as amended and restated by that certain Amended and Restated Business Combination Agreement, dated as of December 22, 2023 (the “A&R BCA”) (the Initial Business Combination Agreement, as amended and restated by the A&R BCA, the “Business Combination Agreement”), by and among Clean Earth, Alternus Energy Group Plc (“AEG”) and the Sponsor. Following the approval of the Initial Business Combination Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby at the special meeting of the stockholders of Clean Earth held on December 4, 2023, the Company consummated the Business Combination on December 22, 2023. In accordance with the Business Combination Agreement, Clean Earth issued 57,500,000 shares of common stock of Clean Earth, par value $0.0001 per share, to AEG, and AEG transferred to Clean Earth, and Clean Earth received from AEG, all of the issued and outstanding equity interests in the Acquired Subsidiaries (as defined in the Business Combination Agreement) (the “Equity Exchange,” and together with the other transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement, the “Business Combination”). In connection with the Closing, the Company changed its name from Clean Earth Acquisition Corp. to Alternus Clean Energy, Inc.

The Company uses annual recurring revenues as a key metric in its financial management information and believes this method better reflects the long-term stability of operations into the future. Annual recurring revenues are defined as the estimated future revenue generated by operating solar parks based on the remaining term, the price received per mega-watt hour (MWh) of energy produced multiplied by the estimated production from each solar park over a full year of operation. It should be noted that the actual revenues reported by the Company in a particular year may be lower than the annual recurring revenues because not all parks may be revenue generating for the full year in their first year of operation. The Company must also account for the timing of acquisitions that take place throughout the financial year.

Impacts of the Ukraine/Russia conflict

The geopolitical situation in Eastern Europe intensified on February 24, 2022, with Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. The war between the two countries continues to evolve as military activity proceeds and additional sanctions are imposed. In addition to the human toll and impact of the events on entities that have operations in Russia, Ukraine, or neighboring countries (e.g., Belarus, Poland, Romania) or that conduct business with their counterparties, the war is increasingly affecting economic and global financial markets and exacerbating ongoing economic challenges, including issues such as rising inflation and global supply-chain disruption. These events have not impacted the physical operations of our facilities in Romania. However, the Company has seen fluctuations in energy rates due to inflation, increased interest rates, and other macro-economic factors.

Known trends or Uncertainties

The Company has a working capital deficiency and negative equity, and management has determined there is doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, if planned financing and/or equity raises do not complete. Refer to Footnote 2 of the accompanying financial statements.

The Company is currently working on several processes to address the going concern issue. We are working with multiple global banks and funds to secure the necessary corporate and project level financing to execute our transatlantic business plan.

Competitive Strengths

The Company believes that the following competitive strengths contribute to its success and differentiate the Company from its competitors:

●

The Company is an Independent Power Producer and is comfortable operating across all aspects of the solar PV value chain from development through long-term operational ownership, compared to only buying operating parks where the high levels of competition from investment companies tend to be. Management believes that the Company’s flexibility in this regard makes it a more attractive partner to local developers who benefit from having a single trusted and flexible customer that allows them to plan effectively and grow faster;

●

The Company’s history of identifying and entering new solar PV markets coupled with its on-the-ground capabilities and transatlantic platform gives the Company potential competitive advantages in developing and operating solar parks;

●

The Company’s existing pipeline of owned and contracted solar PV projects provides it with clear and actionable opportunities as well as the ability to cultivate power generation and earnings as these are required;

●

The Company is technology and supplier agnostic and as such has the flexibility to choose from a broad range of leading manufacturers, operations and maintenance (O&M) experts, top tier suppliers, and engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) vendors across the globe and can benefit from falling component and service costs; and

●

The Company is led by a highly experienced management team and has strong, localized execution capabilities across all key functions and locations.

Vision and Strategy

The Company aims to become one of the leading producers of clean energy in Europe and the U.S. by 2030 and to have commenced delivery of 24/7 clean energy to national power grids. The Company’s business strategy of developing to own and operate a diverse portfolio of solar PV assets that generate stable long-term incomes, in countries which currently have unprecedented positive market forces, positions us for sustained growth in the years to come.

To achieve its goals, the Company intends to pursue the following strategies:

●

Continue our growth strategy which targets acquiring independent solar PV projects that are either in development, in construction, newly installed or already operational, in order to build a diversified portfolio across multiple geographies;

●

Developer and Agent Relationships: long term relationships with high-quality developer partners, both local and international, can reduce competition in acquisition pricing and provide the Company with exclusive rights to projects at varying stages. Additionally, the Company works with established agents across Europe and the United States. Working with these groups provides the Company with an understanding of the market and in some cases enables it to contract projects at the pre-market level. This allows the Company to build a structured pipeline of projects in each country where it currently operates or intends to operate;

●

Expand our transatlantic IPP portfolio in locations that deliver higher yields for lowest equity deployed and attractive returns on investments, and increase and optimize the Company’s long-term recurring revenue and cash flows;

●

Long-term off-take contracts combined with the Company’s efficient operations are expected to provide robust and predictable cash flows from projects and allow for high leverage capacity and flexibility of debt structuring. Our strategy is to reinvest the project cash flows into additional solar PV projects to provide non-dilutive capital for Alternus to “self-fund” future growth;

●

Optimization of financing sources to support long-term growth and profitability in a cost-efficient manner;

●

As a renewable energy company, we are committed to growing our portfolio of clean energy parks in the most sustainable way possible. The Company is highly aware and conscious of the ever growing need to mitigate the effects of climate change, which is evident by its core strategy. As the Company grows, it intends to establish a formal sustainability policy framework in order to ensure that all project development is carried out in a sustainable manner mitigating any potential localized environmental impacts identified during the development, construction and operational process.

Given the long-term nature of our business, the Company does not operate its business on a quarter-by-quarter basis, but rather, with long-term shareholder value creation as a priority. The Company aims to maximize return for its shareholders by originating from the ground up and/or acquiring projects during the development cycle, installation stage, or already operational.

We intend that the parks we own and operate will have a positive cash flow with long-term income streams at the lowest possible risk. To this end we use Levelized Cost of Energy (“LCOE”) as a key criterion to ranking the projects we consider for development and/or acquisition. The LCOE calculates the total cost of ownership of the parks over their expected life reflected as a rate per megawatt hour (MWh). Once the income rates for the selected projects are higher than this rate, the project will be profitable for its full life, including initial capex costs. The Company will continue to operate with this priority as we continue to invest in internal infrastructure and additional solar PV power plants to increase installed power and resultant stable long-term revenue streams.

Key Factors that Significantly Affect Company Results of Operations and Business

The Company expects the following factors will affect its results of operations – inflation and energy rate fluctuations.

Offtake Contracts

Company revenue is primarily a function of the volume of electricity generated and sold by its renewable energy facilities as well as, where applicable, the sale of green energy certificates and other environmental attributes related to energy generation. The Company’s current portfolio of renewable energy facilities is generally contracted under long-term FIT programs or PPAs with investment grade counterparties. As of June 30, 2024, the average remaining life of its FITs and PPAs was 8.4 years. Pricing of the electricity sold under these FITs and PPAs is generally fixed for the duration of the contract, although some of its PPAs have price escalators based on an index (such as the consumer price index) or other rates specified in the applicable PPA.

The Company also generates Renewable Energy Credit (RECs) as the Company produces electricity. RECs are accounted for as government incentives and are considered operational revenue as part of the solar facilities.

Project Operations and Generation Availability

The Company revenue is a function of the volume of electricity generated and sold by Company renewable energy facilities. The volume of electricity generated and sold by the Company’s renewable energy facilities during a particular period is impacted by the number of facilities that have achieved commercial operations, as well as both scheduled and unexpected repair and maintenance required to keep its facilities operational.

The costs the Company incurs to operate, maintain, and manage renewable energy facilities also affect the results of operations. Equipment performance represents the primary factor affecting the Company’s operating results because equipment downtime impacts the volume of the electricity that the Company can generate from its renewable energy facilities. The volume of electricity generated and sold by the Company’s facilities will also be negatively impacted if any facilities experience higher than normal downtime as a result of equipment failures, electrical grid disruption or curtailment, weather disruptions, or other events beyond the Company’s control.

Seasonality and Resource Variability

The amount of electricity produced and revenues generated by the Company’s solar generation facilities is dependent in part on the amount of sunlight, or irradiation, where the assets are located. As shorter daylight hours in winter months result in less irradiation, the electricity generated by these facilities will vary depending on the season. Irradiation can also be variable at a particular location from period to period due to weather or other meteorological patterns, which can affect operating results. As most of the Company’s solar power plants are in the Northern Hemisphere, the Company expects its current solar portfolio’s power generation to be at its lowest during the first and fourth quarters of each year. Therefore, the Company expects first and fourth quarter solar revenue to be lower than in other quarters. As a result, on average, each solar park generates approximately 15% of its annual revenues in Q1 every year, 37% in each of Q2 and Q3, and the remaining 11% in Q4. The Company’s costs are relatively flat over the year, and so the Company will always report lower profits in Q1 and Q4 as compared to the middle of the year.

Interest Rates on Company Debt

Interest rates on the Company’s senior debt are mostly variable for the full term of the finance at interest rates ranging from 6% to 30%. The relative certainty of cash flows provides sufficient coverage ratios.

In addition to the project specific senior debt, the Company uses a small number of promissory notes in order to reduce, and in some cases eliminate, the requirement for the Company to provide equity in the acquisition of the projects. As of June 30, 2024, 95.5% of the Company’s total liabilities were project-related debt.

Cash Distribution Restrictions

In certain cases, the Company, through its subsidiaries, obtain project-level or other limited or non-recourse financing for Company renewable energy facilities which may limit these subsidiaries’ ability to distribute funds to the Company for corporate operational costs. These limitations typically require that the project-level cash is used to meet debt obligations and fund operating reserves of the operating subsidiary. These financing arrangements also generally limit the Company’s ability to distribute funds generated from the projects if defaults have occurred or would occur with the giving of notice or the lapse of time, or both.

Renewable Energy Facility Acquisitions and Investments

The Company’s long-term growth strategy is dependent on its ability to acquire additional renewable power generation assets. This growth is expected to be comprised of additional acquisitions across the Company’s scope of operations both in its current focus countries and new countries. Our operating revenues are insufficient to fund our operations and our assets already are pledged to secure our indebtedness to various third party secured creditors, respectively. The unavailability of additional financing could require us to delay, scale back, or terminate our acquisition efforts as well as our own business activities, which would have a material adverse effect on the Company and its viability and prospects.

Management believes renewable power has been one of the fastest growing sources of electricity generation globally over the past decade. The Company expects the renewable energy generation segment to continue to offer growth opportunities driven by:

●

The continued reduction in the cost of solar and other renewable energy technologies, which the Company believes will lead to grid parity in an increasing number of markets;

●

Distribution charges and the effects of an aging transmission infrastructure, which enable renewable energy generation sources located at a customer’s site, or distributed generation, to be more competitive with, or cheaper than, grid-supplied electricity;

●

The replacement of aging and conventional power generation facilities in the face of increasing industry challenges, such as regulatory barriers, increasing costs of and difficulties in obtaining and maintaining applicable permits, and the decommissioning of certain types of conventional power generation facilities, such as coal and nuclear facilities;

●

The ability to couple renewable energy generation with other forms of power generation and/or storage, creating a hybrid energy solution capable of providing energy on a 24/7 basis while reducing the average cost of electricity obtained through the system;

●

The desire of energy consumers to lock in long-term pricing for a reliable energy source;

●

Renewable energy generation’s ability to utilize freely available sources of fuel, thus avoiding the risks of price volatility and market disruptions associated with many conventional fuel sources;

●

Environmental concerns over conventional power generation; and

●

Government policies that encourage the development of renewable power, such as country, state or provincial renewable portfolio standard programs, which motivate utilities to procure electricity from renewable resources.

Access to Capital Markets

The Company’s ability to acquire additional clean power generation assets and manage its other commitments will likely be dependent on its ability to raise or borrow additional funds and access debt and equity capital markets, including the equity capital markets, the corporate debt markets, and the project finance market for project-level debt. The Company accessed the capital markets several times in 2022 and 2023, but not so far during 2024, in connection with long-term project debt, and corporate loans and equity. Limitations on the Company’s ability to access the corporate and project finance debt and equity capital markets in the future on terms that are accretive to its existing cash flows would be expected to negatively affect its results of operations, business, and future growth.

Foreign Exchange

The Company’s operating results are reported in United States (USD) Dollars. The Company’s current project revenue and expenses are generated in other currencies, including the Euro (EUR), and the Romanian Lei (RON). This mix may continue to change in the future if the Company elects to alter the mix of its portfolio within its existing markets or elect to expand into new markets. In addition, the Company’s investments (including intercompany loans) in renewable energy facilities in foreign countries are exposed to foreign currency fluctuations. As a result, the Company expects revenues and expenses will be exposed to foreign exchange fluctuations in local currencies where the Company’s renewable energy facilities are located. To the extent the Company does not hedge these exposures, fluctuations in foreign exchange rates could negatively impact profitability and financial position.

Key Metrics

Operating Metrics

The Company regularly reviews several operating metrics to evaluate its performance, identify trends affecting its business, formulate financial projections and make certain strategic decisions. The Company considers a solar park operating when it has achieved connection and begins selling electricity to the energy grid.

Operating Nameplate capacity

The Company measures the electricity-generating production capacity of its renewable energy facilities in nameplate capacity. The Company expresses nameplate capacity in direct current (DC), for all facilities. The size of the Company’s renewable energy facilities varies significantly among the assets comprising its portfolio.

The Company believes the combined nameplate capacity of its portfolio is indicative of its overall production capacity and period to period comparisons of its nameplate capacity are indicative of the growth rate of its business. The production capacity listed below for Italy, Poland, and the Netherlands reflect the actual production from those parks during the six months ended June 30, 2023. The parks were sold on December 28, 2023, January 19, 2024, and February 21, 2024, respectively. The table below outlines the Company’s operating renewable energy facilities as of June 30, 2024 and 2023:

	Six Months Ended June 30
MW (DC) Nameplate capacity by country – continuing operations	2024		2023
Romania		40.1		40.1
Italy		-		10.5
United States		3.8		1.1
Total		43.9		51.7

Discontinued Operations:
Netherlands		11.8		11.8
Poland		88.4		88.4
Total		100.2		100.2
Total for the period		144.1		151.9

Megawatt hours sold

Megawatt hours sold refers to the actual volume of electricity sold by the Company’s renewable energy facilities during a particular period. The Company tracks MWh sold as an indicator of its ability to realize cash flows from the generation of electricity at its renewable energy facilities. The megawatt hours listed below for Italy, Poland, and the Netherlands reflect the actual volume of electricity sold during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023 before the operating parks were sold on December 28, 2023, January 19, 2024, and February 21, 2024, respectively. The Company’s MWh sold for renewable energy facilities for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, were as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30				Six Months Ended June 30
MWh (DC) Sold by country	2024		2023		2024		2023
Romania		16,674		15,343		25,738		24,473
Italy		-		3,008		-		4,933
United States		1,572		612		2,414		768
Total		18,246		18,963		28,152		30,174

Discontinued Operations:
Netherlands		-		4,930		466		6,278
Poland		-		37,323		500		49,096
Total		-		42,253		966		55,374
Total for the period		18,246		61,216		29,118		85,548

Consolidated Results of Operations

The following table illustrates the consolidated results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:

	Three Months Ended June 30						Six Months Ended June 30
	2024			2023			2024			2023
Revenues	$	3,847		$	6,015		$	6,026		$	9,861

Operating Expenses
Cost of revenues		(1,644	)		(1,044	)		(2,478	)		(2,060	)
Selling, general and administrative		(3,254	)		(1,894	)		(7,014	)		(3,625	)
Depreciation, amortization, and accretion		(543	)		(924	)		(1,111	)		(1,767	)
Development costs		-			(644	)		(7	)		(755	)
Total operating expenses		(5,441	)		(4,506	)		(10,610	)		(8,207	)

Income/(loss) from continuing operations		(1,594	)		1,509			(4,584	)		1,654

Other income/(expense):
Interest expense		(4,106	)		(4,408	)		(8,265	)		(7,856	)
Fair value movement of FPA Asset		-			-			(483	)		-
Fair value movement of convertible debt and warrant		(182	)		-			(182	)		-
Loss on issuance of debt		(948	)		-			(948	)		-
Gain on extinguishment of debt		-			-			179			-
Other expense		(7	)		-			(231	)		(30	)
Other income		-			9			7			-
Total other expenses		(5,243	)		(4,399	)		(9,923	)		(7,886	)
Loss before provision for income taxes		(6,837	)		(2,890	)		(14,507	)		(6,232	)
Income taxes		-			-			-			-
Net loss from continuing operations		(6,837	)		(2,890	)		(14,507	)		(6,232	)

Discontinued operations:
Loss from operations of discontinued business component		-			1,235			(1,074	)		(675	)
Gain on sale of assets		-			-			2,165			-
Net income/(loss) from discontinued operations		-			1,235			1,091			(675	)
Net loss for the period	$	(6,837	)	$	(1,655	)	$	(13,416	)	$	(6,907	)

Net loss attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted		(6,837	)		(2,890	)		(14,507	)		(6,232	)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted		(0.10	)		(0.05	)		(0.22	)		(0.11	)
Weighted-average common stock outstanding, basic		66,138,049			57,500,000			66,138,049			57,500,000
Weighted-average common stock outstanding, diluted		66,138,049			57,500,000			66,138,049			57,500,000

Comprehensive loss:
Net loss	$	(6,837	)	$	(1,655	)	$	(13,416	)	$	(6,907	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		512			3,378			(720	)		3,274
Comprehensive loss	$	(6,325	)	$	1,723		$	(14,136	)	$	(3,633	)

Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 compared to June 30, 2023.

The Company generates its revenue from the sale of electricity from its solar parks. The revenue is from FIT, PPA, REC, or in the day-ahead or spot market.

Revenue

Revenue for the three and six months ended June, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30
Revenue by Country	2024		2023		Change ($)			Change (%)
	(in thousands)
Italy	$	-	$	1,040	$	(1,040	)		(100	)%
Romania		3,754		4,942		(1,188	)		(24	)%
United States		93		33		60			182	%
Total for continuing operations	$	3,847	$	6,015	$	(2,168	)		(36	)%

Discontinued Operations:
Netherlands	$	-	$	1,979	$	(1,979	)		(100	)%
Poland		-		3,059		(3,059	)		(100	)%
Total for discontinued operations	$	-	$	5,038	$	(5,038	)		(100	)%
Total for the period	$	3,847	$	11,053	$	(7,206	)		(65	)%

	Six Months Ended June 30
Revenue by Country	2024		2023		Change ($)			Change (%)
	(in thousands)
Italy	$	-	$	1,696	$	(1,696	)		(100	)%
Romania		5,839		8,115		(2,276	)		(28	)%
United States		187		50		137			274	%
Total for continuing operations	$	6,026	$	9,861	$	(3,835	)		(39	)%

Discontinued Operations:
Netherlands	$	16	$	2,180	$	(2,164	)		(99	)%
Poland		106		4,164		(4,058	)		(97	)%
Total for discontinued operations	$	122	$	6,344	$	(6,222	)		(98	)%
Total for the period	$	6,148	$	16,205	$	(10,057	)		(62	)%

Revenue for continuing operations decreased by $2.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 primarily due to a lower volume of Green Certificates being sold in 2024 and lower energy rates obtained for energy production in 2024 in Romania resulting in a 24% drop year-on-year. Additionally, the three months ended June 30, 2023 includes revenues of $1.0 million (16% of total in 2023) generated by the Italian parks which were sold in December 2023.

Revenue for continuing operations decreased by $3.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 primarily due to a lower volume of Green Certificates being sold in 2023 and lower energy rates obtained for energy production in 2024 in Romania resulting in a 28% drop year-on-year. Additionally, the six months ended June 30, 2023 includes revenues of $1.7 million (17% of total in 2023) generated by the Italian parks which were sold in December 2023.

Revenue for discontinued operations decreased by $5.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and $6.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 due to all operating parks in Poland and the Netherlands being sold on January 19, 2024 and February 21, 2024, respectively.

	Three Months Ended June 30
Revenue by Offtake Type	2024		2023		Change ($)			Change (%)
	(in thousands)
Country Renewable Programs (FIT)	$	203	$	935	$	(732	)		(78	)%
Green Certificates (FIT)		2,021		3,017		(996	)		(33	)%
Energy Offtake Agreements (PPA)		1,623		2,063		(440	)		(21	)%
Total for continuing operations	$	3,847	$	6,015	$	(2,168	)		(36	)%

Discontinued Operations:
Country Renewable Programs (FIT)	$	-	$	3,063	$	(3,063	)		(100	)%
Guarantees of Origin		-		29		(29	)		(100	)%
Energy Offtake Agreements (PPA)		-		1,946		(1,946	)		(100	)%
Total for discontinued operations	$	-	$	5,038	$	(5,038	)		(100	)%
Total for the period	$	3,847	$	11,053	$	(7,206	)		(65	)%

	Six Months Ended June 30
Revenue by Offtake Type	2024		2023		Change ($)			Change (%)
	(in thousands)
Country Renewable Programs (FIT)	$	356	$	1,484	$	(1,128	)		(76	)%
Green Certificates (FIT)		3,589		4,889		(1,300	)		(27	)%
Energy Offtake Agreements (PPA)		2,081		3,488		(1,407	)		(40	)%
Total for continuing operations	$	6,026	$	9,861	$	(3,835	)		(39	)%

Discontinued Operations:
Country Renewable Programs (FIT)	$	46	$	3,027	$	(2,981	)		(98	)%
Guarantees of Origin		7		36		(29	)		(81	)%
Energy Offtake Agreements (PPA)		36		3,281		(3,245	)		(99	)%
Other Revenue		33		-		33			100	%
Total for discontinued operations	$	122	$	6,344	$	(6,222	)		(98	)%
Total for the period	$	6,148	$	16,205	$	(10,057	)		(62	)%

Cost of Revenues

The Company capitalizes its equipment costs, development costs, engineering, and construction related costs that are deemed recoverable. The Company’s cost of revenues with regards to its solar parks is primarily a result of the asset management, operations, and maintenance, as well as tax, insurance, and lease expenses. Certain economic incentive programs, such as FIT regimes, generally include mechanisms that ratchet down incentives over time. As a result, the Company seeks to connect its solar parks to the local power grids and commence operations in a timely manner to benefit from more favorable existing incentives. Therefore, the Company generally seeks to make capital investments during times when incentives are most favorable.

Cost of revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30
Cost of Revenues by Country	2024		2023		Change ($)			Change (%)
	(in thousands)
Italy	$	-	$	217	$	(217	)		(100	)%
Romania		1,635		820		815			99	%
United States		9		7		2			29	%
Total for continuing operations	$	1,644	$	1,044	$	600			57	%

Discontinued Operations:
Netherlands	$	-	$	190	$	(190	)		(100	)%
Poland		-		1,065		(1,065	)		(100	)%
Total for discontinued operations	$	-	$	1,255	$	(1,255	)		(100	)%
Total for the period	$	1,644	$	2,299	$	(655	)		(28	)%

	Six Months Ended June 30
Cost of Revenues by Country	2024		2023		Change ($)			Change (%)
	(in thousands)
Italy	$	-	$	479	$	(479	)		(100	)%
Romania		2,454		1,555		899			58	%
United States		24		26		(2	)		(8	)%
Total for continuing operations	$	2,478	$	2,060	$	418			20	%

Discontinued Operations:
Netherlands	$	115	$	251	$	(136	)		(54	)%
Poland		101		2,001		(1,900	)		(95	)%
Total for discontinued operations	$	216	$	2,252	$	(2,036	)		(90	)%
Total for the period	$	2,694	$	4,312	$	(1,618	)		(38	)%

Cost of revenues for continuing operations increased by $0.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 primarily due to an significant increase in the operational costs for the Romanian park driven by higher costs of energy acquisition for contracted revenues in the period. Approximately 40% of annual Romania revenue is currently under contract at rates which are lower than the prevailing market rates. The company is mitigating this exposure by entering into shorter term contracts with customers. The increase in Romania was slightly offset by a decrease in the Italian parks. The three months ended June 30, 2023 include the costs incurred for the Italian parks which were sold in December 2023. Gross margins were 57% of sales for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to 82% for the same period in 2023, mainly due to 24% reduction in revenues and 99% increase cost of revenues in Romania year on year, offset by and exclusion of Italian operating parks that were sold in December 2023.

Cost of revenues for continuing operations increased by $0.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 due to an increase in the operational costs for the Romanian park driven by higher costs of energy acquisition for contracted revenues in the period. Approximately 40% of annual Romania revenue is currently under contract at rates which are lower than the prevailing market rates. The company is mitigating this exposure by entering into shorter term contracts with customers. The increase in Romania was slightly offset by a decrease in the Italian parks. The six months ended June 30, 2023 includes the costs incurred for the Italian parks which were sold in December 2023. Gross margins were 58% of sales for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to 80% for the same period in 2023, mainly due to a 28% reduction in revenues and 58% increase in cost of revenues in Romania year on year, offset by the exclusion of Italian operating parks that were sold in December 2023.

Cost of revenues for discontinued operations decreased by $1.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and $2.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 due to all operating parks in Poland and the Netherlands being sold on January 19, 2024 and February 21, 2024, respectively.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30
	2024		2023		Change ($)		Change (%)
	(in thousands)
Selling, general and administrative	$	3,254	$	1,894	$	1,360		72	%
Total for continuing operations	$	3,254	$	1,894	$	1,360		72	%
Total for the period	$	3,254	$	1,894	$	1,360		72	%

	Six Months Ended June 30
	2024		2023		Change ($)		Change (%)
	(in thousands)
Selling, general and administrative	$	7,014	$	3,624	$	3,390		94	%
Total for continuing operations	$	7,014	$	3,624	$	3,390		94	%
Total for the period	$	7,014	$	3,624	$	3,390		94	%

Selling, general and administrative expenses for continuing operations increased by $1.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 mainly driven by an increase in compensation related expenses, audit and legal costs along with other costs relating to be listed on Nasdaq, and higher headcount costs associated with supporting business growth.

Selling, general and administrative expenses for continuing operations increased by $3.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 mainly driven by an increase in compensation related expenses, audit and legal costs along with other costs relating to be listed on Nasdaq, and higher headcount costs associated with supporting business growth. Management has discontinued certain development activities in Europe and reduced corporate headcount and other operating costs during 2024, resulting in approximately $3 million annual savings that will be reflected in future accounting periods.

There were no selling, general and administrative expenses for discontinued operations for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 and the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

Development Cost

	Three Months Ended June 30
	2024		2023		Change ($)			Change (%)
	(in thousands)
Development Cost	$	-	$	644	$	(644	)		(100	)%
Total for continuing operations	$	-	$	644	$	(644	)		(100	)%
Total for the period	$	-	$	644	$	(644	)		(100	)%

	Six Months Ended June 30
	2024		2023		Change ($)			Change (%)
	(in thousands)
Development Cost	$	7	$	755	$	(748	)		(99	)%
Total for continuing operations	$	7	$	755	$	(748	)		(99	)%
Total for the period	$	7	$	755	$	(748	)		(99	)%

Development cost decreased by $0.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and by $0.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same periods in 2023 due to final work performed for projects abandoned for the development of renewable energy projects.

The Company depends heavily on government policies that support our business and enhance the economic feasibility of developing and operating solar energy projects in regions in which we operate or plan to develop and operate renewable energy facilities. The Company can decide to abandon a project if there is material change in budgetary constraints, political factors or otherwise, governments from time to time may review their laws and policies that support renewable energy and consider actions that would make the laws and policies less conducive to the development and operation of renewable energy facilities. Any reductions or modifications to, or the elimination of, governmental incentives or policies that support renewable energy or the imposition of additional taxes or other assessments on renewable energy, could result in, among other items, the lack of a satisfactory market for the development and/or financing of new renewable energy projects, our abandoning the development of renewable energy projects, a loss of our investments in the projects, and reduced project returns, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. Refer to Footnote 17 to the accompanying financial statements for more detail of development cost.

There were no development costs for discontinued operations for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 and for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

Depreciation, Amortization and Accretion Expense

Depreciation, amortization, and accretion expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30
	2024		2023		Change ($)			Change (%)
	(in thousands)
Depreciation, Amortization and Accretion expense	$	543	$	924	$	(381	)		(41	)%
Total for continuing operations	$	543	$	924	$	(381	)		(41	)%

Discontinued Operations:
Depreciation, Amortization and Accretion expense	$	-	$	762	$	(762	)		(100	)%
Total for discontinued operations	$	-	$	762	$	(762	)		(100	)%
Total for the period	$	543	$	1,686	$	(1,143	)		(68	)%

	Six Months Ended June 30
	2024		2023		Change ($)			Change (%)
	(in thousands)
Depreciation, Amortization and Accretion expense	$	1,111	$	1,767	$	(656	)		(37	)%
Total for continuing operations	$	1,111	$	1,767	$	(656	)		(37	)%

Discontinued Operations:
Depreciation, Amortization and Accretion expense	$	180	$	1,496	$	(1,316	)		(88	)%
Total for discontinued operations	$	180	$	1,496	$	(1,316	)		(88	)%
Total for the period	$	1,291	$	3,263	$	(1,972	)		(60	)%

Depreciation, amortization and accretion expenses for continuing operations decreased by $0.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. The three months ended June 30, 2023 include depreciation for the Italian parks which were sold in December 2023.

Depreciation, amortization and accretion expenses for continuing operations decreased by $0.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 driven by a drop in depreciation and amortization recognized in Italy. The six months ended June 30, 2023 include depreciation for the Italian parks which were sold in December 2023. The decrease was offset by an increase in the depreciation recognized for smaller asset purchases in other countries.

Depreciation, amortization and accretion expenses for discontinued operations decreased by $0.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and $1.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 due to all operating parks in Poland and the Netherlands being sold on January 19, 2024 and February 21, 2024, respectively.

Gain on Disposal of Assets

	Three Months Ended June 30
	2024		2023		Change ($)		Change (%)
	(in thousands)
Discontinued Operations:
Gain on disposal of asset	$	-	$	-	$	-		0	%
Costs related to disposal of asset		-		-		-		0	%
Total for discontinued operations	$	-	$	-	$	-		0	%
Total for the period	$	-	$	-	$	-		0	%

	Six Months Ended June 30
	2024			2023		Change ($)			Change (%)
	(in thousands)
Discontinued Operations:
Gain on disposal of asset	$	3,374		$	-	$	3,374			100	%
Costs related to disposal of asset		(1,209	)		-		(1,209	)		100	%
Total for discontinued operations	$	2,165		$	-	$	2,165			100	%
Total for the period	$	2,165		$	-	$	2,165			100	%

On January 19, 2024, the Company sold its operating parks in Poland with a carrying value of $55.2 million for $59.4 resulting in a $4.2 million gain partially offset by a $0.9 million loss on sale of assets in the Netherlands. $1.6M of the cash received was held back for a period of 12 months by the seller per the SPA, and recorded as other receivables on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. On February 22, 2024, the Company sold its operating park in the Netherlands with a carrying value of $8.0 million for $7.1 million resulting in a $0.9 million loss. The costs incurred to complete the transaction totaled $1.2 million and are reported together with the disposal of the assets according to ASC 360-10-35-38.

There were no disposal of assets in the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

Interest Expense, Other Income, and Other Expense

	Three Months Ended June 30
	2024			2023			Change ($)			Change (%)
	(in thousands)
Interest expense	$	(4,106	)	$	(4,408	)	$	302			(7	)%
Fair value movement of convertible note and warrant		(182	)		-			(182	)		100	%
Loss on issuance of debt		(948	)		-			(948	)		100	%
Other expense		(7	)		-			(7	)		100	%
Other income		-			9			(9	)		(100	)%
Total for continuing operations	$	(5,243	)	$	(4,399	)	$	(844	)		(19	)%

Discontinued Operations:
Interest income/(expense)	$	-		$	(1,634	)	$	1,634			(100	)%
Other expense		-			(146	)		146			(100	)%
Total for discontinued operations	$	-		$	(1,780	)	$	1,780			(100	)%
Total for the period	$	(5,243	)	$	(6,179	)	$	936			(15	)%

	Six Months Ended June 30
	2024			2023			Change ($)			Change (%)
	(in thousands)
Interest expense	$	(8,265	)	$	(7,856	)	$	(409	)		5	%
Fair value movement of FPA Asset		(483	)		-			(483	)		100	%
Fair value movement of convertible note and warrant		(182	)		-			(182	)		100	%
Loss on issuance of debt		(948	)		-			(948	)		100	%
Gain on extinguishment of debt		179			-			179			100	%
Other expense		(231	)		(30	)		(201	)		670	%
Other income		7			-			7			100	%
Total for continuing operations	$	(9,923	)	$	(7,886	)	$	(2,037	)		26	%

Discontinued Operations:
Interest income/(expense)	$	(801	)	$	(3,125	)	$	2,324			74	%
Other expense		-			(146	)		146			(100	)%
Total for discontinued operations	$	(801	)	$	(3,271	)	$	2,470			(76	)%
Total for the period	$	(10,724	)	$	(11,157	)	$	433			(4	)%

Total other expenses for continuing operations increased by $0.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. Interest costs reduced as a result of the reduction in Solis Bond balance in the first quarter. The Company recorded a loss of $0.9 million on issuance of a $2.2 million convertible note and private placement warrants during the quarter. See Note 5 for additional details.

Total other expenses for continuing operations increased by $2.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, due to a $0.5 million reduction in valuation on the Forward Purchase Agreement, a $0.2 million increase in other expenses due to the full write down of intercompany balances with the Netherlands SPV following its disposal in February 2024, a $0.9 million loss on issuance of convertible debt and private placement warrants, a $0.6 million negative movement in fair value on the convertible debt and private warrant issued, and a $0.4 million increase in interest expense. This was partially offset by a $0.2 million gain recognized on the conversion of the Nordic ESG debt to shares in January 2024.

Total other expenses for discontinued operations decreased by $1.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and by $2.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same periods in 2023 due to all operating parks in Poland and the Netherlands being sold on January 19, 2024 and February 21, 2024, respectively.

Net Loss

Net loss for continuing operations increased by $3.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. This is primarily due a reduction in revenues of $2.1 million and increase in cost of revenues of $0.6 million, a $1.4 million increase in SG&A expense driven by additional costs associated with being listed on Nasdaq, other expense of $1.1 million as described above. This was partially offset by a decrease in depreciation of $0.4 million due to asset sales, lower development cost of $0.6 million , and lower interest expense of $0.3 million due to lower debt levels.

Net loss for continuing operations increased by $8.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. This is primarily due to a $3.8 million reduction in revenues and a $0.4 million increase in the cost of revenues, increased SG&A expense of $3.4 million due to costs associated with being listed on Nasdaq, interest expense of $0.4 million due to penalty interest and other expense of $1.7 million as described above. This was partially offset by a decrease in depreciation of $0.7 million and lower development costs of $0.7 million.

Net loss for discontinued operations decreased by $1.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. This is primarily due to a gain of $2.2 million for the sale of the Poland and Rilland solar park in January and February 2024. This was offset by a decrease in revenues of $6.2 million, cost of revenues of $2 million, depreciation of $1.3 million, interest expense of $2.3 million, and other expense of $0.2 million.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Capital Resources

A key element to the Company’s financing strategy is to raise much of its debt in the form of project specific non-recourse borrowings at its subsidiaries with investment grade metrics. Going forward, the Company intends to primarily finance acquisitions or growth capital expenditures using long-term non-recourse debt that fully amortizes within the asset’s contracted life, as well as retained cash flows from operations and issuance of equity securities through public markets.

The following table summarizes certain financial measures that are not calculated and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP, along with the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure, for each period presented below. In addition to its results determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP, the Company believes the following non-U.S. GAAP financial measures are useful in evaluating its operating performance. The Company uses the following non-U.S. GAAP financial information, collectively, to evaluate its ongoing operations and for internal planning and forecasting purposes.

The following non-U.S. GAAP table summarizes the total capitalization and debt as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

	As of June 30			As of December 31
	2024			2023
	(in thousands)
Senior Secured Green Bonds	$	86,618		$	166,122
Senior Secured debt and promissory notes		33,538			32,312
Total debt		120,156			198,434
Less current maturities		(120,156	)		(198,434	)
Long term debt, net of current maturities	$	-		$	-

Current Maturities		120,156			198,434
Less current debt discount		(614	)		(892	)
Current Maturities net of debt discount		119,542			197,542

	As of June 30		As of December 31
	2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,088	$	4,618
Restricted cash		5		19,161
Available capital from continuing operations	$	1,093	$	23,779

Discontinued operations:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	-	$	444
Available capital from discontinued operations		-		444

Restricted Cash relates to balances that are in the bank accounts for specific defined purposes and cannot be used for any other undefined purposes. The decrease was related to payments paying down the principal of the Green Bonds. Refer to Footnote 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for further discussion of restricted cash.

Liquidity Position

Our consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and for the year ended December 31, 2023 identifies the existence of certain conditions that raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for twelve months from the issuance of this report. Refer to Footnote 2 of the accompanying financial statements for more information.

In January 2021, one of the Company’s subsidiaries, Solis Bond Company DAC (“Solis”), issued a series of 3-year senior secured green bonds in the maximum amount of $242.0 million (€200 million) with a stated coupon rate of 6.5% + EURIBOR and quarterly interest payments. The bond agreement is for repaying existing facilities of approximately $40 million (€33 million), and funding acquisitions of approximately $87.2 million (€72.0 million). The bonds are secured by Solis’ underlying assets. The Company raised approximately $125.0 million (€110.0 million) in the initial funding. In November 2021, Solis completed an additional issue of $24 million (€20 million). The additional Issue was completed at an issue price of 102% of par value, corresponding to a yield of 5.5%. The Company raised $11.1 million (€10 million) in March 2022 at 97% for an effective yield of 9.5%. In connection with the bond agreement the Company incurred approximately $11.8 million in debt issuance costs. The Company recorded these as a discount on the debt and they are being amortized as interest expense over the contractual period of the bond agreement. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there was $86.6 million and $166.1 million outstanding on the Bond, respectively.

As of June 30, 2024, Solis was in breach of the three financial covenants under Solis’ Bond terms: (i) the minimum Liquidity Covenant that requires the higher of €5.5 million or 5% of the outstanding Nominal Amount, (ii) the minimum Equity Ratio covenant of 25%, and (iii) the Leverage Ratio of NIBD/EBITDA to not be higher than 6.5 times for the year ended December 2021, 6.0 times for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 5.5 times for the period ending on the maturity date of the Bond. The Solis Bond carries a 3 months EURIBOR plus 6.5% per annum interest rate, and has quarterly interest payments, with a bullet payment to be paid on the Maturity Date. The Solis Bond is senior secured through a first priority pledge on the shares of Solis and its subsidiaries, a parent guarantee from Alternus Energy Group Plc, and a first priority assignment over any intercompany loans. Additionally, Solis bondholders hold a preference share in an Alternus holding company which holds certain development projects in Spain and Italy. The preference share gives the bondholders the right on any distributions up to EUR 10 million, and such assets will be divested to ensure repayment of up to EUR. 10 million should ts not be fully repaid by the Maturity Date.

Additionally, because Solis was unable to fully repay the Solis Bonds by September 30, 2023, Solis’ bondholders have the right to immediately transfer ownership of Solis and all of its subsidiaries to the bondholders and proceed to sell Solis’ assets to recoup the full amount owed to the bondholders, which as of March 31, 2024 is currently €80.8 million (approximately $86.6 million). If the ownership of Solis and all of its subsidiaries were to be transferred to the Solis bondholders, the majority of the Company’s operating assets and related revenues and EBIDTA would be eliminated.

On October 16, 2023, bondholders approved to further extend the temporary waiver to December 16, 2023. On December 18, 2023, a representative group of the bondholders approved an extension of the temporary waivers and the maturity date of the Solis Bonds until January 31, 2024, with the right to further extend to February 29, 2024, at the Solis Bond trustee’s discretion, which was subsequently approved by a majority of the bondholders on January 3, 2024. On March 12, 2024, the Solis Bondholders approved resolutions to further extend the temporary waivers and the maturity date until April 30, 2024 with the right to further extend to May 31, 2024 at the Bond Trustee’s discretion, which it granted, and thereafter on a month-to-month basis to November 29, 2024 at the Bond Trustee’s discretion and approval from a majority of Bondholders. As such, the Solis bond debt is currently recorded as short-term debt.

On December 28, 2023, Solis sold 100% of the share capital in its Italian subsidiaries for approximately €15.8 million (approximately $17.5 million).

On January 18, 2024, Solis sold 100% of the share capital in its Polish subsidiaries for approximately €54.4 million (approximately $59.1 million), and on February 21, 2024, Solis sold 100% of the share capital of its Netherlands subsidiary for approximately €6.5 million (approximately $7 million). Additionally, on February 14, 2024, Solis exercised its call options to repay €59,100,000 million (approximately $68.5 million) of amounts outstanding under the bonds. Subsequently, on May 1, 2024, Solis made an interest payment of €1,000,000 (approx. $1,069,985.00) to the Bondholders, which is approximately 50% of the total interest due for the first quarter of 2024. The remaining interest amount will be paid alongside, and in addition to, the next interest payment due July 6, 2024 from Solis’ ongoing business operations. Solis will incur a late payment penalty in accordance with the Bond Terms, which will also be paid in July 2024.

On May 6, 2024, we received a letter from the listing qualifications department staff of The Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) notifying the Company that for the last 30 consecutive business days, the Company’s minimum Market Value of Listed Securities (“MVLS”) was below the minimum of $35 million required for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market pursuant to Nasdaq listing rule 5550(b)(2). The notice has no immediate effect on the listing of the Company’s common stock, and the Company’s common stock continues to trade on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “ALCE.” In accordance with Nasdaq listing rule 5810(c)(3)(C), the Company has 180 calendar days, or until November 4, 2024, to regain compliance. The notice states that to regain compliance, the Company’s MVLS must close at $35 million or more for a minimum of ten consecutive business days (or such longer period of time as the Nasdaq staff may require in some circumstances, but generally not more than 20 consecutive business days) during the compliance period ending November 4, 2024. The Company believes that it can also regain compliance by meeting the continued listing standard of a minimum stockholders’ equity of at least $2.5 million. If the Company does not regain compliance by November 4, 2024, Nasdaq staff will provide written notice to the Company that its securities are subject to delisting. At that time, the Company may appeal any such delisting determination to a Hearings Panel. The Company intends to actively monitor the Company’s MVLS between now and November 4, 2024 and may, if appropriate, evaluate available options to resolve the deficiency and regain compliance with the MVLS rule. While the Company is exercising diligent efforts to maintain the listing of its common stock on Nasdaq, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to regain or maintain compliance with Nasdaq listing standards.

The Company is currently working on several processes to address the going concern issue. We are working with multiple global banks and funds to secure the necessary project financing to execute our transatlantic business plan.

Financing Activities

On December 21, 2022, the Company’s wholly owned Irish subsidiaries, AEG JD 01 LTD and AEG MH 03 LTD entered in a financing facility with Deutsche Bank AG (“Lender”). This is an uncommitted revolving debt financing of up to €500,000,000 to finance eligible project costs for the acquisition, construction, and operation of installation/ready to build solar PV plants across Europe. (the “Warehouse Facility”). The Warehouse Facility, which matures on the third anniversary of the closing date of the Credit Agreement (the “Maturity Date”), bears interest at Euribor plus an aggregate margin at a market rate for such facilities, which steps down by 0.5% once the underlying non-Euro costs financed reduces below 33.33% of the overall costs financed. The Warehouse Facility is not currently drawn upon, but a total of approximately €1,800,000 in arrangement and commitment fees is currently owed to the Lender. Once drawn, the Warehouse Facility capitalizes interest payments until projects reach their commercial operations dates through to the Maturity Date; it also provides for mandatory prepayments in certain situations.

In December 2023, as part of the Business Combination, the Company assumed an existing loan balance of $1.6 million with a 0% interest rate until perpetuity as part of the Business Combination with Clean Earth. The Company had a principal outstanding balance of $1.4 million as of June 30, 2024 and $1.6 million as of December 31, 2023.

In January 2024, the Company assumed a $938 thousand (€850 thousand) convertible promissory note with a 10% interest maturing in March 2025 as part of the Business Combination that was completed in December 2023. On January 3, 2024, the noteholder converted all of the principal and accrued interest owed under the note, equal to $1.0 million, into 1,320,000 shares of restricted common stock.

On April 19, 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with an institutional investor pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue to the Investor a senior convertible note in the principal amount of $2,160,000, issued with an eight percent (8.0%) original issue discount and a warrant to purchase up to 2,411,088 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $0.48 per share. The Company received gross proceeds of $2,000,000, before fees and other expenses associated with the transaction. The Convertible Note matures on April 20, 2025 bears interest at 7% per annum and ranks senior to the Company’s existing and future unsecured indebtedness.

Material Cash Requirements from Known Contractual Obligations

The Company’s contractual obligations consist of operating leases generally related to the rent of office building space, as well as land upon which the Company’s solar parks are built. These leases include those that have been assumed in connection with the Company’s asset acquisitions. The Company’s leases are for varying terms and expire between 2027 and 2055.

For the six months ending June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company incurred operating lease expenses from continuing operations of $131 thousand and $100 thousand, respectively. The following table summarizes the Company’s future minimum contractual operating lease payments as of June 30, 2024.

Maturities of lease liabilities as of June 30, 2024 were as follows:

	(in thousands)
Five-year lease schedule:
2024 Jul 1 – Dec 31	$	118
2025		238
2026		244
2027		250
2028		219
Thereafter		2,009
Total lease payments		3,078
Less imputed interest		(1,711	)
Total	$	1,367

The Company had no finance leases as of June 30, 2024.

In October 2023, the Company entered a new lease for land in Madrid, Spain where solar parks are planned to be built. The lease term is 35 years with an estimated annual cost of $32 thousand.

Cash Flow Discussion

The Company uses traditional measures of cash flows, including net cash flows from operating activities, investing activities and financing activities to evaluate its periodic cash flow results.

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 compared to June 30, 2023

The following table reflects the changes in cash flows for the comparative periods:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023			Change ($)
	(in thousands)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		(6,887	)		2,162			(9,049	)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities – Discontinued Operations		(2,064	)		2,508			(4,572	)

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		62,048			(2,166	)		64,214
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities – Discontinued Operations		-			(37	)		37

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		(72,770	)		(3,637	)		(69,133	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities – Discontinued Operations		(3,121	)		2,824			(5,945	)

Effect of exchange rate on cash		(676	)		28			(704	)

Net Cash Used in Operating Activities

Net cash used in continuing operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to 2023 increased by $9.1 million. The increase of $8.3 million in 2024 was primarily driven by an increase in selling, general, and administrative expenses, an increase in cost of revenues, and a decrease in revenues in the first six months of 2024. The remaining increase was a result of the normal fluctuations of receivables and payables over the normal course of business operations.

Net cash used in discontinued operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to 2023 increased by $4.6 million. The net income increased by $3.0 million primarily driven by the gain on the sale of the Polish parks offset by the reclassification of Solis bond interest expense to discontinued operations that covers the portion of the Poland and Netherlands parks before they were sold.

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities

Net cash provided by continuing investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to 2023 increased by $64.2 million. This was a result of the cash received for the sale of the Polish parks of $59.4 million and from the sale of the Netherlands park of $7.1 million.

Net cash used in discontinued investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to 2023 decreased by $37 thousand. This was a result of the derecognition of a small, miscellaneous project in Poland.

Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities

Net cash used in continuing financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to 2023 increased by $69.1 million mainly driven by the $75.2 million payment made towards the Solis bond principal balance.

Net cash used in discontinued financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to 2023 increased by $5.9 million due to related party transaction activity with parent company in 2023.

Critical Accounting Estimates

In the notes to our consolidated financial statements and in Part II, “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K, we have disclosed those accounting policies that we consider to be most significant in determining our results of operations and financial condition and involve a higher degree of judgment and complexity. There have been no changes to those policies that we consider to be material since the filing of our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The accounting principles used in preparing our condensed consolidated financial statements conform in all material respects to GAAP.

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

For quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk, see “Item 7A., Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. Our exposures to market risk have not changed materially since December 31, 2023.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that the information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management, with the participation and supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this annual report. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were not, in design and operation, effective at a reasonable assurance level due to the material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting described below.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim consolidated financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

The Company has identified the following material weakness in internal control over the financial reporting process.

●

The Company did not design and maintain an effective control environment commensurate with its financial reporting requirements. Specifically, the Company lacked a sufficient number of professionals with an appropriate level of accounting knowledge, training and experience to appropriately analyze, record and disclose accounting matters timely and accurately. Additionally, the lack of a sufficient number of professionals resulted in an inability to consistently establish appropriate authorities and responsibilities in pursuit of its financial reporting objectives, as demonstrated by, among other things, insufficient segregation of duties in its finance and accounting functions.

To the extent reasonably possible given our limited resources, we intend to take measures to cure the aforementioned weaknesses, including, but not limited to, increasing the capacity of our qualified financial personnel to ensure that accounting policies and procedures are consistent across the organization and that we have adequate controls over our Exchange Act reporting disclosures.

●

The Company did not design and maintain effective controls for communicating and sharing information within the Company. Specifically, the accounting and finance departments were not consistently provided the complete and adequate support, documentation, and information including the nature of relationships with certain counterparties to record transactions within the financial statements timely, completely and accurately.

The accounting group has implemented a monthly review with the appropriate responsible parties within the Company, to review and confirm that the accounting department has received the proper documentation for various transactions.

●

The Company did not design and maintain effective controls for transactions between related parties and affiliates recorded between itself, the parent company and its subsidiaries. Specifically, the accounting and finance departments lacked formalized documentation establishing intercompany due to/from balances and did not periodically assess the collectability of such outstanding balances.

As part of the new deSPAC structure, the Company is in the process of formalizing documentation related to intercompany due to/from within the new organization structure, and with Alternus Energy, Inc, which is the majority shareholder.

●

The Company did not design and maintain effective controls to address the identification of and accounting for certain non-routine, unusual or complex transactions, including the proper application of U.S. GAAP to such transactions. Specifically, the Company did not design and maintain controls to timely identify and account for warrant instruments related to certain promissory notes, forward purchase agreements, debt modifications, and impairment of discontinued operations.

The Company will have third party experts review non routine, unusual and complex transactions in order to have the required expertise to confirm the proper accounting treatment.

●

The Company did not design and maintain formal accounting policies, procedures and controls to achieve complete, accurate and timely financial accounting, reporting and disclosures, including controls over the period-end financial reporting process addressing areas including financial statement and footnote presentation and disclosures, account reconciliations and journal entries, including segregation of duties, assessing the reliability of reports and spreadsheets used in controls, and the timely identification and accounting for cut-off of expenditures.

The Company is working with an external consultant to review and assess the Company’s current internal control structure to improve the overall effectiveness of the control environment. In addition, the Company is investing in third party software to improve the accuracy, review, and approval of account reconciliations and other accounting functions. Also, the Company is investing in third party software to improve the process around the completion of the financial statements.

The material weaknesses described above could result in a material misstatement to substantially all of the Company’s accounts or disclosures. These material weaknesses leads management to conclude that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are not effective to give reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed in reports that the Company files under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported as and when required.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management utilized the criteria established in the Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) to conduct an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have identified the material weaknesses described above in our internal controls over financial reporting and have therefore concluded that our internal controls over financial reporting are not effective at the reasonable assurance level.

As stated above, a material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim consolidated financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control procedures over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during our six months ended June 30, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we are subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of our business activities. In connection with such litigation, the Company may be subject to significant damages. We may also be subject to equitable remedies and penalties. Such litigation could be costly and time consuming and could divert or distract Company management and key personnel from its business operations. Although the results of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, as of the date of this registration statement, we do not believe we are party to any claim or litigation, the outcome of which, if determined adversely to us, would individually or in the aggregate be reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on our business. However, due to the uncertainty of litigation and depending on the amount and the timing, an unfavorable resolution of some or all of these matters could materially affect the Company’s business, results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

On May 4, 2023 Alternus received notice that Solartechnik filed an arbitration claim against Alternus Energy Group PLC, Solis Bond Company DAC and ALT POL HC 01 SP. Z.o.o. in the Court of Arbitration at the Polish Chamber of Commerce, claiming that PLN 24,980,589 (approximately $5.8 million) is due and owed to Solartechnik pursuant to a preliminary share purchase agreement by and among the parties that did not ultimately close, plus costs, expenses, legal fees and interest. The Company has accrued a liability for this loss contingency in the amount of approximately $6.8 million, which represents the contractual amount allegedly owed. It is reasonably possible that the potential loss may exceed our accrued liability due to costs, expenses, legal fees and interest that are also alleged by Solartechnik as owed, but at the time of filing this report we are unable to determine an estimate of that possible additional loss in excess of the amount accrued. The Company is vigorously itself in this action.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. There have been no material changes during fiscal 2024 to the risk factors that were included in the Form 10-K.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Sales of Unregistered Securities

●

On January 11, 2024, we issued 7,765,000 shares of restricted common stock valued at $1.23 per share to Nordic ESG and Impact Fund SCSp (“Nordic ESG”) as settlement of AEG’s €8m note.

●

On January 23, 2024 we issued 81,301 shares of restricted common stock valued at $1.01 per share to Outside the Box Capital Inc. in exchange for services.

●

On February 5, 2024 we issued to SCM Tech, LLC warrants to purchase up to 90,000 shares of restricted common stock, exercisable at $0.01 per share having a 5-year term and fair value of $86,000.

●

On February 20, 2024 we issued 100,000 shares of restricted common stock valued at $0.35 per share to Moneta Advisory Partners, LLC in exchange for services.

●

On March 19, 2024 we issued 225,000 shares of restricted common stock valued at $0.47 per share to SPAC Sponsor Capital Access.

●

On April 19, 2024, the Company issued (a) a senior convertible note in the principal amount of $2,160,000, bearing an eight percent (8.0%) original issue discount (the “Convertible Note”), and (b) a warrant (the “Warrant”) to purchase up to 2,411,088 shares of the Company’s common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (the “Common Stock”), equal to 50% of the face value of the Convertible Note divided by the volume weighted average price, at an exercise price of $0.480 per share (the “Exercise Price”). We also issued a warrant to purchase 241,109 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $0.527 per share to the placement agent as part of the fees associated with this offering. Pursuant to the said offering, the Company received gross proceeds of $2,000,000, before fees and other expenses associated with the transaction.

●

On May 8, 2024, we issued 330,000 shares of restricted common stock valued at $0.35 per share to a third-party consultant in exchange for services.

●

On May 8, 2024 we issued 100,000 shares of restricted common stock valued at $0.35 per share to a third-party consultant in exchange for services.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Not applicable.

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Item 5. Other Information.

None

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit No.		Description
1.1		Form of Placement Agency Agreement by and between the Company and the Placement Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41306) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 23, 2024.
3.1		Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Alternus Clean Energy, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41306), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 22, 2023
3.2		Amended and Restated Bylaws of Alternus Clean Energy, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41306), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 22, 2023)
4.1		Form of Senior Convertible Note (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41306) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 23, 2024.
4.2		Form of Private Placement Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41306) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 23, 2024.
4.3		Form of Placement Agent Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41306) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 23, 2024.
10.1		Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, by and between the Company and the Investor (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41306) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 23, 2024.
10.2		Form of Registration Rights Agreement, by and between the Company and the Investor (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41306) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 23, 2024.
10.3		Form of Voting Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41306) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 23, 2024.
10.4		Membership Interest Purchase and Sale Agreement by and between the Company and C2 dated April 30, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41306) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 1, 2024.
10.5		Heads of Terms for Joint Business Venture by and between the Company and Hover Energy LLC dated August 7, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41306) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 13, 2024.
31.1*		Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1**		Certification by the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS		Inline XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

Filed herewith

Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 are being furnished and shall not be deemed to be “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall such exhibits be deemed to be incorporated by reference in any registration statement or other document filed under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except as otherwise specifically stated in such filing.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: August 23, 2024	ALTERNUS CLEAN ENERGY, INC.

	By:	/s/ Vincent Browne
		Vincent Browne
		Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on August 19, 2024.

Signature	Title	Date

/s/ Vincent Browne	Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, and Interim Chief Financial Officer	August 23, 2024
Vincent Browne	(Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ Aaron T. Ratner	Director	August 23, 2024
Aaron T. Ratner

/s/ Nicholas Parker	Director	August 23, 2024
Nicholas Parker

/s/ Tone Bjornov	Director	August 23, 2024
Tone Bjornov

/s/ Candice Beaumont	Director	August 23, 2024
Candice Beaumont

/s/ John Thomas	Director	August 23, 2024
John Thomas

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EX-31.1 2 ea021172901ex31-1_alternus.htm CERTIFICATION

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULES 13A-14(A) AND 15D-14(A) UNDER THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION

302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Vincent Browne, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2024 of Alternus Clean Energy, Inc.;

2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 23, 2024

/s/ Vincent Browne

Name:

Vincent Browne

Title:

Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (Interim)

(Principal Executive Officer, Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1 3 ea021172901ex32-1_alternus.htm CERTIFICATION

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Alternus Clean Energy, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Vincent Browne, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (Interim) of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge::

(1)

The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: August 23, 2024

By:

/s/ Vincent Browne

Name:

Vincent Browne

Title:

Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (Interim)

(Principal Executive Officer, Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)