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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 20-F

 

☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

OR

 

☒  ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023

 

OR

 

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the transition period from ___________ to ___________

 

OR

 

☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

Date of event requiring this shell company report _________________________

 

Commission file number: 001-40375

 

E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited 

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

 

Not Applicable

(Translation of Registrant’s Name Into English)

 

Cayman Islands

(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)

 

E-Home, 18/F, East Tower, Building B,

Dongbai Center, Yangqiao Road,

Gulou District, Fuzhou City 350001,

People’s Republic of China

+86-591-87590668

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

 

Mr. Wenshan Xie, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

E-Home, 18/F, East Tower, Building B,

Dongbai Center, Yangqiao Road,

Gulou District, Fuzhou City 350001,

People’s Republic of China

Tel: +86-591-87590668 

(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

 

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of Each Class   Trading Symbol(s)   Name of Each Exchange On
Which Registered
Ordinary Shares, par value $0.2 per share   EJH   NASDAQ Capital Market

 

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.

 

None

(Title of Class)

 

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.

 

None

(Title of Class)

 

 

 

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report (June 30, 2023): There were 27,248,959 shares of the registrant’s Ordinary Shares outstanding, par value $0.02 per share. (The Company effected a 1 for 10 reverse stock split in September 2023)

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

 

Yes ☐  No ☒

 

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. 

 

Yes ☐  No ☒

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

 

Yes ☒  No ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

 

Yes ☒  No ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer.

 

Large Accelerated Filer  ☐ Accelerated Filer  ☐ Non-Accelerated Filer  ☒ Emerging growth company  ☒

 

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

 

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

 

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

 

U.S. GAAP  ☒ International Financial Reporting  ☐ Other  ☐
  Standards as issued by the International  
  Accounting Standards Board  

 

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.

 

☐ Item 17  ☐ Item 18

 

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

 

Yes ☐  No ☒

 

(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.

 

Yes  ☐  No  ☐

 

 

 

 

 

 

Annual Report on Form 20-F

Year Ended June 30, 2023

 

PART I    
     
ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS 1
     
ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE 1
     
ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION 1
     
  A. [Reserved] 7
  B. Capitalization and Indebtedness 7
  C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds 7
  D. Risk Factors 7
     
ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY 33
     
  A. History and Development of the Company 33
  B. Business Overview 35
  C. Organizational Structure 49
  D. Facilities 49
     
ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS 50
     
ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS 50
     
  A. Operating Results 50
  B. Liquidity and Capital Resources 61
  C. Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc. 63
  D. Trend Information 63
  E. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates 63
     
ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES 64
     
  A. Directors and Senior Management 64
  B. Compensation 65
  C. Board Practices 66
  D. Employees 69
  E. Share Ownership 70
     
ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 71
     
  A. Major Shareholders 71
  B. Related Party Transactions 71
  C. Interests of Experts and Counsel 71
     
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION 71
     
  A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information 71
  B. Significant Changes 72

 

i

 

ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING 72
     
  A. Offer and Listing Details 72
  B. Plan of Distribution 72
  C. Markets 72
  D. Selling Shareholders 72
  E. Dilution 72
  F. Expenses of the Issue 72
     
ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 72
     
  A. Share Capital 72
  B. Memorandum and Articles of Association 73
  C. Material Contracts 80
  D. Exchange Controls 80
  E. Taxation 81
  F. Dividends and Paying Agents 86
  G. Statement by Experts 86
  H. Documents on Display 86
  I. Subsidiary Information 86
     
ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK 86
     
ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES 87
     
  A. Debt Securities 87
  B. Warrants and Rights 87
  C. Other Securities 87
  D. American Depositary Shares 87
     
PART II    
     
ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES 88
     
ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITIES HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS 88
     
ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 88
     
ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT 90
     
ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS 90
     
ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES 90
     
ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES 90
     
ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS 91
     
ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT 91
     
ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 91
     
ITEM 16I. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS 91
     
PART III    
     
ITEM 17. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 92
     
ITEM 18. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 92
     
ITEM 19. EXHIBITS 92

 

ii

 

INTRODUCTORY NOTES

 

Use of Certain Defined Terms

 

Except as otherwise indicated by the context and for the purposes of this report only, references in this report to:

 

  “we,” “us,” “our” or “our company,” are to the combined business of E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited, a Cayman Islands company, and its consolidated subsidiaries;

 

  “E-Home WFOE” are to E-Home Household Service Technology Co., Ltd., a limited liability company established under the laws of the PRC as a wholly foreign owned enterprise;

 

  “E-Home Pingtan” are to E-Home (Pingtan) Home Service Co., Ltd., previously named Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Area E Home Service Co., Ltd., a limited liability company established under the laws of the PRC;

 

  “Exchange Act” are to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;

 

  “Fuzhou Bangchang” are to Fuzhou Bangchang Technology Co. Ltd., a limited liability company established under the laws of the PRC;

 

  “Hong Kong” are to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China;

 

  “PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China, excluding, for the purpose of this annual report, Taiwan and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau;

 

  “Renminbi” and “RMB” are to the legal currency of China;

 

  “SEC” are to the Securities and Exchange Commission;

 

  “Securities Act” are to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended

 

  “U.S. dollars,” “dollars,” “US$” and “$” are to the legal currency of the United States; and

 

Our reporting currency is U.S. dollar and our functional currency is Renminbi. This annual report contains translations of certain foreign currency amounts into U.S. dollars for the convenience of the reader. We make no representation that the Renminbi or U.S. dollar amounts referred to in this annual report could have been or could be converted into U.S. dollars or Renminbi, as the case may be, at any particular rate or at all. On June 30, 2023, the noon buying rate was RMB7.2258 to US$1, as set forth in the H.10 statistical release of the U.S. Federal Reserve Board.

 

Forward-Looking Information

 

In addition to historical information, this annual report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. We use words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “target,” “plan,” “optimistic,” “intend,” “aim,” “will” or similar expressions which are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Such statements include, among others, those concerning market and industry segment growth and demand and acceptance of new and existing products; any projections of sales, earnings, revenue, margins or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategies and objectives of management for future operations; and any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance, as well as all assumptions, expectations, predictions, intentions or beliefs about future events. You are cautioned that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions, which, if they were to ever materialize or prove incorrect, could cause the results of the Company to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Potential risks and uncertainties include, among other things, the possibility that third parties hold proprietary rights that preclude us from marketing our products and services, the emergence of additional competing technologies, changes in domestic and foreign laws, regulations and taxes, changes in economic conditions, uncertainties related to legal system and economic, political and social events in China, a general economic downturn, a downturn in the securities markets, and other risks and uncertainties which are generally set forth under Item 3 “Key information—D. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this annual report.

 

Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this report and our other filings with the SEC. These reports attempt to advise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects. The forward-looking statements made in this report speak only as of the date hereof and we disclaim any obligation, except as required by law, to provide updates, revisions or amendments to any forward-looking statements to reflect changes in our expectations or future events.

 

iii

 

PART I

 

ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS

 

Not applicable for annual reports on Form 20-F.

 

ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

 

Not applicable for annual reports on Form 20-F.

 

ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION

 

Our Holding Company Structure and Their Respective Individual Shareholders

 

E-Home is not an operating company but rather a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands. Because E-Home has no operations of its own, we conduct substantially all of our business in mainland China (which is also referred to as “PRC,” and for the purpose of this report, excluding Taiwan and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau) and generate revenue for the years ended June 30, 2021, 2022 and 2023 through E-Home’s subsidiaries, particularly, E-Home (Pingtan) Home Service Co., Ltd. and Fuzhou Bangchang Technology Co. Ltd., and their respective subsidiaries.

 

As used in this annual report, unless the context indicates otherwise, references to “E-Home” refer to E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited, a holding company and references to “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company” or “our company” are to E-Home and its consolidated subsidiaries, including E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited (Hong Kong), Fujian Chuangying Business Science and Technology Co., Ltd. and its wholly owned subsidiaries Fuzhou Funeng Enterprise Management Consulting Co., Ltd. and Fujian Weizhixing Technology Co., Ltd, Zhongrun (Fujian) Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., E-Home Household Service Technology Co., Ltd., E-Home (Pingtan) Home Service Co., Ltd., Fuzhou Bangchang Technology Co. Ltd., Fuzhou Yongheng Xin Electric Co., Ltd., Fujian Happiness Yijia Family Service Co., Ltd., and Danyang Fumao Health Development Co., Ltd, as a whole.

 

There are significant legal and operational risks associated with having substantially all of our business operations in China, including that changes in the legal, political and economic policies of the Chinese government, the relations between China and the United States, or Chinese or United States regulations may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, the Chinese government may exercise significant oversight and discretion over the conduct of our business and may intervene in or influence the PRC subsidiaries’ operations in China at any time. Recent statements by the Chinese government indicate an intent to exert more oversight and more control over offerings conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers. Any such actions by the Chinese government could significantly limit or completely hinder E-Home’s ability to offer or continue to offer its securities to investors and cause the value of our securities to significantly decline or become worthless. Although we believe our operating structure is legal and permissible under the Chinese law and regulations currently in effect, Chinese regulatory authorities could take a different position on the interpretation and enforcement of laws and regulations and disallow our holding company structure, which would likely result in a material adverse change in our operations and/or the value of E-Home’s securities, including that it could cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or become worthless. For a detailed description of the risks associated with doing business in China, please refer to risks disclosed under “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China.”

 

The PRC government recently initiated a series of regulatory actions and made a number of public statements on the regulation of business operations in China, including cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, enhancing supervision over China-based companies listed overseas using variable interest entity (“VIE”) structure, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. We do not believe that our PRC subsidiaries are directly subject to these regulatory actions or statements, as our PRC subsidiaries have not carried out any monopolistic behavior and the business of our PRC subsidiaries does not involve the collection of user data or implicate cybersecurity.

 

We dissolved the VIE structure in October 2021 as the business of our PRC subsidiaries does not involve any type of restricted industry. As advised by our PRC legal counsel, Tian Yuan Law Firm, the risk that we may face penalties associated with our prior VIE structure if such structures are invalidated in the PRC in the future is minimal.

 

1


 

On February 17, 2023, China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”) released Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies (the “New Overseas Listing Rules”) with five interpretive guidelines, which took effect on March 31, 2023. The New Overseas Listing Rules require Chinese domestic enterprises to complete filings with CSRC and report related information under certain circumstances, such as: a) an issuer making an application for initial public offering and listing in an overseas market; b) an issuer making an overseas securities offering after having been listed on an overseas market; c) a domestic company seeking an overseas direct or indirect listing of its assets through single or multiple acquisition(s), share swap, transfer of shares or other means. According to the Notice on Arrangements for Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Enterprises, published by the CSRC on February 17, 2023, a company that (i) has already completed overseas listing or (ii) has already obtained the approval for the offering or listing from overseas securities regulators or exchanges but has not completed such offering or listing on or before effective date of the new rules and also completes the offering or listing before September 30, 2023 will be considered as an existing listed company and is not required to make any filing until it conducts a new offering in the future. Furthermore, upon the occurrence of any of the material events specified below after an issuer has completed its offering and listed its securities on an overseas stock exchange, the issuer shall submit a report thereof to the CSRC within 3 business days after the occurrence and public disclosure of the event: (i) change of control; (ii) investigations or sanctions imposed by overseas securities regulatory agencies or other competent authorities; (iii) change of listing status or transfer of listing segment; or (iv) voluntary or mandatory delisting. The New Overseas Listing Rules stipulate the legal consequences to the companies for breaches, including failure to fulfill filing obligations or filing documents having false statement or misleading information or material omissions, which may result in administrative penalties such as order to rectify, warnings and a fine ranging from RMB1 million to RMB10 million, and in cases of severe violations, the controlling shareholders, actual controllers, the person directly in charge and other directly liable persons may also be subject to administrative penalties, such as warnings and fines and may be barred from entering the securities market. On February 24, 2023, the CSRC, the Ministry of Finance, the National Administration of State Secretes Protection and the National Archives Administration released the Provisions on Strengthening the Confidentiality and Archives Administration Related to the Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies, or the Confidentiality and Archives Administration Provisions, which took effect on March 31, 2023. PRC domestic enterprises seeking to offer securities and list in overseas markets, either directly or indirectly, shall establish and improve the system of confidentiality and archives work, and shall complete approval and filing procedures with competent authorities, if such PRC domestic enterprises or their overseas listing entities provide or publicly disclose documents or materials involving state secrets and work secrets of state organs to relevant securities companies, securities service institutions, overseas regulatory agencies and other entities and individuals. It further stipulates that (i) providing or publicly disclosing documents and materials which may adversely affect national security or public interests, and accounting records or photocopies thereof to relevant securities companies, securities service institutions, overseas regulatory agencies and other entities and individuals shall be subject to corresponding procedures in accordance with relevant laws and regulations; and (ii) any working papers formed in the territory of the PRC by securities companies and securities service agencies that provide domestic enterprises with securities services relating to overseas securities issuance and listing shall be stored in the territory of the PRC, the outbound transfer of which shall be subject to corresponding procedures in accordance with relevant laws and regulations. As of the date of this report, these new laws and guidelines have not impacted the Company’s ability to conduct its business, accept foreign investments, or list and trade on a U.S. or other foreign exchange other than the filing requirement with CSRC within three business days after we make any oversea securities offering under New Overseas Listing Rules. As advised by our PRC counsel, Tian Yuan Law Firm, our offerings will be subject to the New Overseas Listing Rules but such offerings are not contingent upon receipt of approval from the CSRC as the new rules only require the Company to file with CSRC within three business days after the completion of the overseas offering since the Company is already listed on an oversea exchange before the effective date of the New Overseas Listing Rules. According to the New Overseas Listing Rules, Chinese domestic enterprises shall be made in compliance with national secrecy laws and regulations concerning national security, foreign investment, cybersecurity and data security. Our subsidiaries in China provide home appliance services and housekeeping services and their business activities do not affect national security and they don’t have documents and materials which may adversely affect national security or public interests. However, there are uncertainties in the interpretation and enforcement of these new laws and guidelines, which could materially and adversely impact our business and financial outlook, may impact our ability to accept foreign investments, offer our securities to investors or continue to list on a U.S. or other foreign exchange, and could impact our ability to conduct our business.

 

As further advised by our PRC counsel, as of the date of this annual report, no relevant laws or regulations in the PRC explicitly require E-Home or our PRC subsidiaries to seek approval from the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or the CSRC, or any other PRC governmental authorities for the offering, other than the filing requirement under New Overseas Listing Rules, nor has E-Home, our Cayman Islands holding company or any of our subsidiaries received any inquiry, notice, warning or sanctions regarding the offering from the CSRC or any other PRC governmental authorities. However, since these statements and regulatory actions by the PRC government are newly published and detailed official guidance and related implementation rules have not been issued or taken effect, it is uncertain how soon the regulatory bodies in China will finalize implementation measures, and the impact the modified or new laws and regulations will have on the daily business operations of our PRC subsidiaries, our ability to accept foreign investments and list on an U.S. or other foreign exchange. For more information on various risks related to doing business in China, see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China”.

 

Risks and uncertainties arising from the legal system in China, including risks and uncertainties regarding the enforcement of laws and quickly evolving rules and regulations in China, could result in a material adverse change in our operations and the value of our ordinary shares. For more details, see “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors— There are uncertainties regarding the interpretation and enforcement of PRC laws, rules and regulations.”

 

The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act

 

Our securities will be prohibited from trading if our auditor cannot be fully inspected by the PCAOB for three consecutive years pursuant to the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, which was enacted on December 18, 2020. On December 29, 2022, a legislation entitled “Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023” (the “Consolidated Appropriations Act”) was signed into law by President Biden, which has shortened the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act’s timeline for a potential trading prohibition from three years to two years, thus reducing the time period before our securities may be prohibited from trading or delisted if our auditor is unable to meet the PCAOB inspection requirement. Our independent registered public accounting firm, Enrome LLP, is not headquartered in mainland China or Hong Kong and was not identified in the report as a firm subject to the PCAOB’s determination on December 16, 2021, which determinations were vacated on December 15, 2022. However, if it is determined in the future that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate our auditor completely, or if our future audit reports are prepared by auditors that are not completely inspected by the PCAOB, our ordinary shares may be delisted or trading in our ordinary shares may be prohibited under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act. For more details, see “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China”.

 

2


 

Permissions Required from the PRC Authorities for Our Operations

 

We conduct our business primarily through our subsidiaries in China. Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. As of the date of this annual report, none of our PRC subsidiaries is required to obtain additional licenses or permits beyond a regular business license for their operations and business permits for certain medical devices and products that are required for the business of Zhongrun. Each of our PRC subsidiaries is required to obtain a regular business license from the local branch of the State Administration for Market Regulation. Each of our PRC subsidiaries has obtained a valid business license for its respective business scope, and no application for any such license has been denied. Zhongrun has valid business permit for certain medical devices through March 16, 2027 and valid business permit for distribution of certain medical products through April 28,2027. Zhongrun also completed the filing requirement and received permit for online business for sales of its medical devices on August 30, 2022.

 

Cybersecurity Review

 

As advised by our PRC counsel, Tian Yuan Law Firm, and based on their interpretation of the revised Cybersecurity Review Measures which were released for comments in July 2021 and became effective on February 15, 2022, E-Home or any of its PRC subsidiaries are not required to apply for a cybersecurity review with the CAC, because E-Home’s Ordinary Shares we relisted on Nasdaq before the effective date of the revised Cybersecurity Review Measures on February 15, 2022 and the requirement that “online platform operators with personal information of more than 1 million users which intends to go public abroad must apply to the Cybersecurity Review Office of the CAC for a cybersecurity review” set forth in Article 7 of the revised Cybersecurity Review Measures should not be applicable to E-Home or any of its subsidiaries. Further, we do not believe that E-Home or any of its subsidiaries constitutes an online platform operator under the draft Regulations on Network Data Security which were published for comments on November 14, 2021 by the CAC. However, there remains uncertainty as to the interpretation and implementation of the revised Cybersecurity Review Measures and we cannot assure you that the CAC will reach the same conclusion as our PRC counsel.

 

Transfer of Cash Through Our Organization

 

Holding Company Structure

 

Our equity structure is a direct holding structure, that is, E-Home, the Cayman Islands entity listed in the U.S., controls E-Home Pingtan and Fuzhou Bangchang and other Chinese operating entities through E-Home HK. See “Item 4 Information of the Company – A. History and Development of the Company – Corporate Structure” for more details.

 

Cash and Other Assets Transfers Between the Holding Company and Its Subsidiaries

 

As a result of E-Home’s IPO closed in May 2021, E-Home received net proceeds of approximately $21.66 million. On December 20, 2021, E-Home issued the Convertible Note to an institutional investor in the principal amount of $5,275,000, before deducting original discount, investor’s legal and other transaction costs and placement agent fees. On May 13, 2022, E-Home issued an unsecured convertible note with 8% interest two-year maturity for a principal amount of $3,170,000. On January 6, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with eleven investors, including two entities and nine individuals, pursuant to which the Company received an aggregate of US$20 million proceeds in connection with the investment. On January 27, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain investors, pursuant to which the Company received an aggregate of US$70,118,618 before deducting offering expenses. As of June 30, 2023, with respect to the net proceeds from the IPO, registerer direct offerings and notes, E-Home had transferred approximately $35.00 million to E-Home Pingtan through E-Home HK and separately sent approximately $13.58 million to E-Home HK.

 

E-Home, as a holding company, may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by its Chinese subsidiaries for E-Home’s cash and financing requirements, including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to its shareholders or to pay any expenses and other obligations it may incur. To date, there have not been any dividends or other distributions from our Chinese subsidiaries to our subsidiary located outside of mainland China, namely E-Home HK, or the Cayman Islands holding company, E-Home.

 

Within our direct holding structure, the cross-border transfer of funds from E-Home to its Chinese subsidiaries is permitted under laws and regulations of the PRC currently in effect. Foreign investors’ funds for purchasing E-Home’s securities being offered can be remitted to our subsidiaries in China, through E-Home HK. Specifically, E-Home is permitted to provide funding to its PRC subsidiaries in the form of shareholder loans or capital contributions, subject to satisfaction of applicable government registration, approval and filing requirements in China. There are no quantity limits on E-Home’s ability to make capital contributions to its PRC subsidiaries under the PRC regulations. However, the PRC subsidiaries may only procure shareholder loans from E-Home HK to the extent of the difference between their respective registered capital and total investment amount as recorded in the Chinese Foreign Investment Comprehensive Management Information System.

 

Dividends and Other Distributions to U.S. Investors and Tax Consequences

 

As of the date of this report, neither E-Home nor any of its subsidiaries have paid dividends or made distributions to U.S. investors. We intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings to the development and growth of our business in China. We do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future.

 

Subject to the passive foreign investment company rules, the gross amount of any distribution that we make to investors with respect to E-Home’s securities (including any amounts withheld to reflect PRC withholding taxes) will be taxable as a dividend, to the extent paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under United States federal income tax principles.

 

3


 

The PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules provide that a withholding tax at a rate of 10% will be applicable to dividends payable by Chinese companies to non-PRC-resident enterprises unless reduced under treaties or arrangements between the PRC central government and the governments of other countries or regions where the non-PRC resident enterprises are tax resident. Pursuant to the tax agreement between mainland China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the withholding tax rate in respect to the payment of dividends by a PRC enterprise to a Hong Kong enterprise may be reduced to 5% from a standard rate of 10%. However, if the relevant tax authorities determine that our transactions or arrangements are for the primary purpose of enjoying a favorable tax treatment, the relevant tax authorities may adjust the favorable withholding tax in the future. Accordingly, there is no assurance that the reduced 5% withholding rate will apply to dividends received by our Hong Kong subsidiary from our PRC subsidiaries. This withholding tax will reduce the amount of dividends we may receive from our PRC subsidiaries.

 

Restrictions on Our Ability to Transfer Cash Out of Mainland China and Hong Kong

 

Our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends is based upon their distributable earnings. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to their respective shareholders only out of their accumulated profits, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, under PRC law, each of our PRC subsidiaries is required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund certain statutory reserve funds until such reserve funds reach 50% of its registered capital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. If any of our Chinese subsidiaries incurs debt on its own behalf in the future, the instruments governing such debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends to E-Home.

 

To address persistent capital outflows and the RMB’s depreciation against the U.S. dollar in the fourth quarter of 2016, the People’s Bank of China and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE, implemented a series of capital control measures in the subsequent months, including stricter vetting procedures for China-based companies to remit foreign currency for overseas acquisitions, dividend payments and shareholder loan repayments. The PRC government may continue to strengthen its capital controls and our PRC subsidiaries’ dividends and other distributions maybe subject to tightened scrutiny in the future. The PRC government also imposes controls on the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and the remittance of currencies out of the PRC. Therefore, we may experience difficulties in completing the administrative procedures necessary to obtain and remit foreign currency for the payment of dividends from our profits, if any. In addition, to the extent cash is in our mainland China or Hong Kong subsidiaries, there can be no assurance that the PRC government will not intervene or impose restrictions on the ability of E-Home or E-Home’s subsidiaries to transfer or distribute cash within our organization or to foreign investors, which could result in an inability or prohibition on funding our operations or making transfers or distributions outside of mainland China and Hong Kong for other use.

 

Currently, other than complying with the applicable PRC laws and regulations, we do not have our own cash management policy and procedures that dictate how funds are transferred.

 

For additional information, see Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China —The Chinese government exerts significant oversight and discretion over the conduct of our business. The Chinese government may intervene or influence our PRC subsidiaries’ operations at any time, which could result in a material adverse change in our PRC subsidiaries’ operations and in the value of our securities” and “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China— PRC regulation of loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion may restrict or prevent us from making additional capital contributions or loans to our PRC subsidiaries”.

 

Recent Development

 

Zhongrun Acquisition Agreement

 

On June 14, 2022, we and our wholly owned Hong Kong subsidiary, E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited (“E-Home Hong Kong”) entered into an equity transfer agreement with Zhongrun (Fujian) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., a limited liability company established in China (“Zhongrun”) and Ms. Ling Chen, the sole shareholder of Zhongrun, pursuant to which Ms. Chen agreed to transfer 55% of the equity interests in Zhongrun to E-Home Hong Kong, in consideration for the sum of (i) RMB3 million (approximately $0.45 million) in cash and (ii) 28,041,992 ordinary shares of the Company. In July 2022, the Company issued 28,041,992 pre reverse split ordinary shares according to the equity transfer agreement at a fair value of $8,496,724 (par value of $2,804 and additional paid-in capital of $8,493,919) and completed the acquisition. Upon completion of the acquisition, Hong  Kong E-Home has the right to appoint at two-thirds of members of the board of directors of Zhongrun, including its executive director.  In December 2022, Ms. Ling Chen, Hong Kong E-Home, the Company and Zhongrun entered into an equity transfer agreement (the “Agreement”), pursuant to which Hong Kong E-Home agreed to acquire, and Ms. Chen agreed to sell, 4,660,129 ordinary shares of Zhongrun (approximately 20% of the issued share capital of Zhongrun) for the total consideration of RMB20 million. The total consideration for the Acquisition was satisfied by the allotment and issue of an aggregate of 4,660,129 E-Home’s ordinary shares (the “Consideration Shares”) by the Company to Ms. Chen and 4 nominees designated by Ms. Chen, which represents approximately 45.07% of the issued share capital of the Company as at the date of the announcement and approximately 31.07% of the issued share capital of the Company as enlarged by the Consideration Shares which was post reverse split approved on September 23, 2023. Upon closing of the Acquisition, the Company holds approximately 75% of the total share capital of Zhongrun. Additionally, pursuant to the Agreement, Ms. Chen has caused Hong Kong E-Home to appoint a new executive director, and Ms. Chen was appointed by Hong Kong E-Home as the Chief Operation Officer of Zhongrun and will continue to hold 25% of the equity interests of Zhongrun.

 

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Chuangying Acquisition

 

On August 2, 2022, the Company and its wholly owned Hong Kong subsidiary, E-Home Hong Kong entered into an equity transfer agreement with Fujian Chuangying Business Science and Technology Co., Ltd., a limited liability company formed in China (“Chuangying”) and Mr. Jianying Lin, the sole shareholder of Chuangying, pursuant to which Mr. Lin agreed to transfer 100% of the equity interests in Chuangying and 10% of the equity interests in each of Fuzhou Funeng Enterprise Management Consulting Co., Ltd. and Fujian Weizhixing Technology Co., Ltd.  (the “Chuangying’s Subsidiaries,” which are 90% owned by Chuangying) held by him to E-Home Hong Kong, in consideration for an aggregate of 14,438,584 pre reverse split ordinary shares of the Company valued at RMB38 million (approximately $5.63 million) with a per share issuance price equal to 130% of the average of the Nasdaq closing price for the consecutive twenty trading days preceding July 26, 2022, or $0.39 (the “Chuangying Acquisition Agreement”). Beijing Ningbanghonghe Assets Valuation Firm, a third party appraiser based in Beijing, China, rendered a valuation report, in which the value of total shareholder equity in Chuangying was determined to be approximately RMB39.2 million.

 

Securities Purchase Agreements 

 

On August 16, 2022, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with an investor (“Investor”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue 16,363,636 pre reverse split ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share of the Company (the “Shares”) for an aggregate purchase price of $3,600,000, at a per share price of $0.22. Under the Purchase Agreement, the Investor agreed that, without the Company’s prior written consent, within six (6) months after the issuance of the Shares (the “Lock-Up Period”), the Investor will not, and will not cause or direct any of its affiliates to transfer, sell, pledge, or otherwise dispose of any of the Shares or publicly announce any intention to engage in any of the foregoing during the Lock-Up Period. The Investor does not have registration rights with respect to the Shares. The Purchase Agreement contains customary representations and warranties by the Company, on the one hand, and by the Investor, on the other hand, to each other.

 

On September 14, 2022, the Company entered into an Ordinary Share Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with White Lion Capital LLC, a Nevada limited liability company (the “Investor”), pursuant to which the Investor is committed to purchase ordinary shares, $0.0001 par value per share of the Company (“Ordinary Shares”), with an aggregate offering amount of up to $12,300,000 (“Commitment Amount”) from time to time during the commitment period, which commences on the execution date of the Purchase Agreement, and shall end on the earlier of (i) the date on which the Investor shall have purchased shares equal to the Commitment Amount, or (ii) October 31, 2022. The Company has also agreed to issue to the Investor an aggregate of 1,329,729 pre reverse split Ordinary Shares (“Commitment Shares”) along with the delivery of the first Purchase Notice. If, by October 1, 2022, the Company has not issued any Purchase Notice to the Investor, then the Company undertakes to issue to the Investor the number of Commitment Shares equal to 2.0% of the Commitment Amount divided by the closing price of the Ordinary Shares on the last business day prior to September 30, 2022.

 

On November 18, 2022, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain investors (collectively, the “Investors”), pursuant to which each of the Investors agreed to purchase and the Company agreed to issue and sell to the Investors, an aggregation of 3,480,000 ordinary shares of the Company (the “Subscribed Shares”), representing approximately 36.46% of the enlarged share capital of the Company, at the subscription price of US$1.00 per Subscribed Share for the aggregated consideration of US$3,480,000 (the “Offering”). The number ordinary shares are the post September 2022 Reverse Split.

 

On January 6, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) with eleven investors (the “Investors”), including two entities and nine individuals, pursuant to which the Investors agreed to purchase an aggregate of 40,650,406 ordinary shares of the Company (the “Investment”) for the purchase price of $0.492 per ordinary share, which is the average of the closing prices of the Company’s ordinary shares for the six consecutive trading days prior to January 3, 2023. The number ordinary shares are the post reverse split ordinary shares which was approved on September 23, 2023. Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company shall apply the proceeds of the Investment to the Haixia Home Management College project. Haixia Home Management College  is a training facility for home management services to be established and operated by the Company in Pingtan, Fujian Province, with the assistance of the Pingtan local government. Concurrently with the execution of the Securities Purchase Agreement, each Investor executed a letter of undertaking in favor of the Company pursuant to which the Investor undertakes, for a period of 36 months following the closing of the Investment, (i) not to increase its shareholding in the Company or take any action to exert control over the Company and (ii) to abstain from voting the ordinary shares acquired in the Investment in shareholders meetings.

 

On January 27, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Agreement”) with certain investors (collectively, the “Investors”), pursuant to which each of the Investors agreed to purchase and the Company agreed to issue and sell to the Investors, an aggregate of 183,077,333 ordinary shares (“Ordinary Shares”), at a purchase price of US$0.383 per ordinary share for the aggregate gross proceeds to the Company of US$70,118,618 (the “Offering”), before deducting offering expenses. The number ordinary shares are the post September 2022 Reverse Split. The Ordinary Shares were offered and will be issued pursuant to the Prospectus Supplement, which the Company expects to file by January 31, 2023, to the Prospectus included in the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F-3 (Registration No. 333-259464) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 10, 2021, and declared effective August 17, 2022.

 

On July 21, 2023, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with certain purchasers identified on the signature page thereto (the “Purchasers”). Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company sold to the Purchasers in a registered direct offering, an aggregate of 107,317,074 ordinary shares (the “Shares”) of the Company, par value $0.02 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds to the Company of $12,000,000, before deducting offering expenses. The number ordinary shares are the post September 2022 Reverse Split and post April 2023 Reverse Split. The Shares are being offered and sold by the Company pursuant to the Prospectus Supplement, which the Company filed on or about July 24, 2023, to the Prospectus included in the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F-3 (Registration No. 333-259464) previously filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and declared effective August 17, 2022 (the “Registration Statement”).

 

5


 

Share Consolidation

 

On September 23, 2022, we held an extraordinary general meeting in which our shareholders approved resolutions that resulted in (i) a share consolidation of 20 issued and unissued ordinary and preferred shares with par value of US$0.0001 each in the our issued and unissued share capital into one share with par value of US$0.002 (“September 2022 Reverse Split”) and (ii) an increase in our authorized share capital from US$51,000 (divided in to 510,000,000 shares) to US$1,020,000 (divided in to 510,000,000 shares), all of which rank pari passu in all respects with all our existing shares. Immediately after the Share Consolidation, each of our stockholder’s percentage ownership interest and proportional voting power remained unchanged, except for minor changes and adjustments that will result from the treatment of fractional shares. The rights and privileges of the holders of ordinary and preferred shares remained substantially unaffected by the Share Consolidation. The Share Consolidation is primarily being effectuated to regain compliance with Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5550(a)(2) related to the minimum price per share of our ordinary shares. 

 

At the annual meeting (the “Annual Meeting”) of shareholders of the Company held on March 28, 2023, the Company’s shareholders approved a reverse share split of the Company’s issued ordinary shares at a ratio from one (1)-for-five (5) to one (1)-for-twenty (20), with the exact ratio to be set at a whole number within this range to be determined by the Company’s Board in its discretion. On April 4, 2023, its Board of Directors (the “Board”) has determined to effect a 1 (one)-for-10 (ten) reverse stock split (the “April 2023 Reverse Stock Split”) of the Company’s ordinary shares. 

 

At an extraordinary general meeting of the Company held on September 15, 2023 (the “Meeting”), its shareholders approved resolutions that would result in (i) a share consolidation of 10 issued and unissued ordinary shares with par value of US$0.02 each in the Company’s issued and unissued share capital into one ordinary share with par value of US$0.2 (the “Share Consolidation” or “September 2023 Reverse Stock Split”) and (ii) immediately following the Share Consolidation, an increase in the authorized share capital of the Company from (a) US$1,020,000 divided into (x) 5,000,000 shares designated as ordinary shares with a par value of US$0.2 per share and (y) 10,000,000 shares designated as preferred shares with a par value of US$0.002 per share, to (b) US$100,020,000 divided into (x) 500,000,000 shares designated as ordinary shares with a par value of US$0.2 per share and (y) 10,000,000 shares designated as preferred shares with a par value of US$0.002 per share (the “Share Capital Increase”). The shareholders also approved at the Meeting the third amended and restated memorandum and articles of association of the Company to reflect the Share Consolidation and the Share Capital Increase. The Share Consolidation is primarily being effectuated to regain compliance with Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5550(a)(2) related to the minimum bid price per share of the Company’s ordinary shares. On October 12, 2023, the Company received a written notification from the NASDAQ Stock Market Listing Qualifications Staff indicating that the Company has regained compliance with the $1.00 minimum closing bid price requirement for continued listing on the NASDAQ Capital Market pursuant to NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the “Minimum Bid Price Requirement”) and that the matter is now closed.

 

On May 15, 2023, the Board approved and adopted the Company’s 2023 Share Incentive Plan (“Plan”) which has 6,000,000 shares. On  June 3, 2023, the Compensation Committee approved to grant 2,600,000 shares under the Plan to nine employees, directors and officers of the Company, including 1,300,000 shares to Wenshan Xie, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, 50,000 shares to Chunsheng Zhu, our Chief Financial Officer, 50,000 shares to Chunming Xie, our director, 100,000 shares to Yijing Ye, our independent director, 120,000 shares to Wong Heung Ming Henry, our independent director, and 100,000 shares to Jianhua Wang, our independent director. The number ordinary shares are the post September 2022 Reverse Split and post April 2023 Reverse Split.

 

On May 17, 2023, the Company terminated its independent registered public accounting firm, TPS Thayer LLC, as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm. The report of TPS Thayer LLC on the financial statements of the Company for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2022, 2021 and 2020did not contain an adverse opinion or disclaimer of opinion and were not qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principles. The decision to change the independent registered public accounting firm was recommended and approved by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company.

 

During the Company’s most recent fiscal year ended June 30, 2022 and through May 17, 2023, the date of dismissal, (a) there were no disagreements with TPS Thayer LLC on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure, or auditing scope or procedure, which disagreements, if not resolved to the satisfaction of TPS Thayer LLC, would have caused it to make reference thereto in its reports on the financial statements for such years and (b) there were no “reportable events” as described in Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K.

 

On May 17, 2023, the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company ratified the appointment of Enrome LLP as its new independent registered public accounting firm to audit and review the Company’s financial statements. During the two most recent fiscal years ended June 30, 2022 and June 30, 2021 and any subsequent interim periods through the date hereof prior to the engagement of Enrome LLP, neither the Company, nor anyone on its behalf, has consulted Enrome LLP regarding: (i) the application of accounting principles to a specified transaction, either completed or proposed; or the type of audit opinion that might be rendered on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, and either a written report was provided to the Company or oral advice was provided that the new independent registered public accounting firm concluded was an important factor considered by the Company in reaching a decision as to the accounting, auditing or financial reporting issue; or (ii) any matter that was either the subject of a disagreement as defined in paragraph 304(a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K or a reportable event as described in paragraph 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K.

 

6


 

In July 2023, pursuant to the home country rule exemption set forth under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5615(a)(3)(A), which provides (with certain exceptions not relevant to the conclusions expressed herein) that a Foreign Private Issuer may follow its home country practice in lieu of the requirements of the Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5600 Series, the Company elected to be exempt from the requirements as follows: (i) Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5620(a) which provides that (with certain exceptions not relevant to the conclusions expressed herein) each company listing common stock or voting preferred stock, and their equivalents, shall hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the company’s fiscal year-end; (ii) Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5635(a) which sets forth the circumstances under which shareholder approval is required prior to an issuance of securities of the Company in connection with the acquisition of the stock or assets of another company; (iii) Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5635(c) which sets forth the circumstances under which shareholder approval is required prior to an issuance of securities of the Company in connection with equity-based compensation of officers, directors, employees or consultants (iv) Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5635(d) which sets forth the circumstances under which shareholder approval is required prior to an issuance of securities, other than in a public offering, equal to 20% or more of the voting power outstanding at a price less than the lower of: (x) the Nasdaq Official Closing Price (as reflected on Nasdaq.com) immediately preceding the signing of the binding agreement; or (y) the average Nasdaq Official Closing Price of the common stock (as reflected on Nasdaq.com) for the five trading days immediately preceding the signing of the binding agreement.

 

A. [Reserved]

 

B. Capitalization and Indebtedness

 

Not applicable.

 

C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

 

Not applicable.

 

D. Risk Factors 

 

An investment in our ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk and our ordinary shares should be purchased only by persons who can afford to lose the entire amount invested. Before purchasing any of our shares, you should carefully consider the following factors relating to our business and prospects. You should pay particular attention to the fact that we conduct substantially all of our operations in China and are governed by a legal and regulatory environment that in some respects differs significantly from the environment that may prevail in the U.S. and other countries. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition or operating results will suffer, the value of our shares could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.

 

Summary of Risk Factors

 

Investing in our company involves significant risks. These risks include the following:

 

  Performance issues or an inability to provide good customer service could adversely affect our business and harm our reputation.

 

  If we fail to retain existing or attract new customers or service providers, our business, financial condition and prospects may be materially and adversely affected.

 

  We face intense competition, and if we do not compete successfully against existing and new competitors, we may lose market share and suffer losses.

 

  We may not be able to effectively manage our growth and expansion or implement our business strategies, in which case our business and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

 

  The Chinese government exerts significant oversight and discretion over the conduct of our business. The Chinese government may intervene or influence our PRC subsidiaries’ operations at any time, which could result in a material adverse change in our PRC subsidiaries’ operations and in the value of our securities.

 

  Changes in U.S. and Chinese regulations or in relations between the United States and China may adversely impact our business, our operating results, our ability to raise capital and the market price of our ordinary shares. Any such changes may take place quickly and with very little notice.

 

  The filing with the China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”) is required in connection with any future offerings and certain events of the Company under New Overseas Listing Rules, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to timely make such filing, in which case we may face sanctions by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies for failure to timely file with the CSRC

 

  Our business is subject to complex and evolving laws and regulations regarding privacy and data protection. Compliance with China’s new Data Security Law, Cybersecurity Review Measures,  Provisions on Strengthening the Confidentiality and Archives Administration Personal Information Protection Law, as well as additional laws, regulations and guidelines that the Chinese government promulgates in the future may entail significant expenses and could materially affect our business.

 

7


 

  We may be required to apply for a cybersecurity review under the proposed Cybersecurity Review Measures (revised draft for public comments).

 

  The filing with China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”) agencies is required in connection with our future overseas capital-raising activities under Chinese law.

 

  Fluctuations in exchange rates could result in foreign currency exchange losses and could materially reduce the value of your investment.

 

  You may face difficulties in protecting your interests and exercising your rights as a shareholder since we conduct substantially all of our operations in China, and most of our officers and directors reside outside the United States.

 

  The increased regulatory scrutiny focusing on U.S.-listed companies with significant operations in China in the U.S. could add uncertainties to our business operations, share price and reputation. Although our auditor is subject to inspection by the PCAOB, trading in E-Home’s securities may be prohibited under the HFCA Act if  it is later determined that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely our auditor because of a position taken by an authority in a foreign jurisdiction or any other reasons, as a result, U.S. national securities exchanges, such as the Nasdaq, may determine to delist E-Home’s securities. Furthermore, a legislation entitled “Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023” (“Consolidated Appropriations Act”) was signed into law on December 29, 2022, amending the HFCA Act and require the SEC to prohibit an issuer’s securities from trading on any U.S. stock exchanges if its auditor is not subject to the PCAOB inspections for two consecutive years instead of three.

 

  The trading price of our ordinary shares has been and is likely to continue to be highly volatile, which could result in substantial losses to holders of our ordinary shares.

 

  Because we do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future, you must rely on price appreciation of your shares for return on your investment.

 

  You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law.

 

  We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act, and as such we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to U.S. domestic public companies.

 

  As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to rely on exemptions from certain Nasdaq corporate governance standards applicable to domestic U.S. issuers. This may afford less protection to holders of our securities.

 

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

 

Performance issues or an inability to provide good customer service could adversely affect our business and harm our reputation.

 

The success of our business hinges on our ability to provide quality performance and good customer service, which in turn depends on a variety of factors. These factors include our ability to continue to offer our services at competitive prices, offer services that respond to evolving customer tastes and demands, maintain the quality of our services, provide timely and reliable delivery of our services, flexible payment options and good customer service following the provision of our services. If our services are not delivered on time, customers may refuse to accept delivery. Any failure for our service providers to provide good customer service may negatively impact the experience of our customers, damage our reputation and cause us to lose customers. If our customer service representatives, sales representatives or service providers fail to provide satisfactory service, our brand and customer loyalty may be adversely affected. In addition, any negative publicity or poor feedback regarding our customer service may harm our brand and reputation and in turn cause us to lose customers and market share.

 

We aim to provide customers with a good customer service experience, including by providing our customers with access to a full suite of services conveniently through our online platform. In addition, we seek to engage with our customers on an ongoing basis using online and offline channels. We cannot assure you that our services or our efforts to engage with our customers using both our online and offline channels will be successful, which could impact our revenue as well as our customer satisfaction and marketing. If we are unable to provide quality performance or good customer service, our business and reputation may be materially and adversely impacted.

 

8


 

If we fail to retain existing or attract new customers or service providers, our business, financial condition and prospects may be materially and adversely affected.

 

If we fail to retain existing or attract new customers, or if we fail to retain quality existing or attract new service providers, our business, financial condition and prospects may be materially and adversely affected. The success of our business depends on our ability to attract and retain new customers to use our online platform and pay for our services, and to offer attractive services to our customers. If we are unable to grow and maintain a healthy ecosystem of customers or service providers, our customers may find our online platform less useful than expected and may not continue to use our services. This in turn may affect our ability to attract new customers and convince existing customers to request future services or increase their level of spending on our services.

 

Our business could be adversely affected if our customers are not satisfied with the services provided by our service providers.

 

Our business depends on our ability to satisfy our customers, use and functionality of our online platform, and the services that are performed by our customer service representatives and service providers. Services may be performed by our own staff, by a third party, or by a combination of the two. Our strategy is to work with third parties to increase the breadth of capability of services through extensive training programs for delivery of these services to our customers, and third parties provide almost all of our on-site services. If customers are not satisfied with the quality of services performed by us or a third party or with the type of professional services delivered, then we could incur additional costs to address the situation and the dissatisfaction with our services could damage our ability to expand our service offerings. We must also align our service offerings and service provider operations in order to ensure that customers’ evolving needs are met. Negative publicity related to our customer relationships, regardless of its accuracy, may further damage our business by affecting our ability to compete for new business with current and prospective customers.

 

Interruptions or delays in service from our outside service providers could impair the delivery of our services and harm our business and reputation.

 

We depend upon outside service providers to provide almost all of the on-site services to our customers. The occurrence of unanticipated problems with these third-party service providers could result in unanticipated interruptions in the delivery of our services. Any significant loss in our ability to communicate or any impediments to third-party service providers’ ability to provide services to our customers could result in a disruption to our business. This, in turn, could lead to substantial liability to our customers, customer dissatisfaction, loss of revenue and a material adverse effect on our business, our operating results and financial condition.

 

We face intense competition, and if we do not compete successfully against existing and new competitors, we may lose market share and suffer losses.

 

The PRC home appliance and housekeeping services industries are highly competitive and we compete with a number of other companies that provide similar services. Our ability to compete successfully and to manage our planned growth will depend primarily upon our ability to:

 

  maintain the continuity in our management and key personnel;

 

  maintain our professional sales force;

 

  react to competitive services, pricing pressures and pricing promotions;

 

  improve the strength of our brand, brand awareness and reputation;

 

  maintain customer satisfaction;

 

  maintain the quality and speed of our service;

 

  increase the productivity of our customer service personnel and service providers;

 

  effectively market and sell our services;

 

  expand our service provider network and referrals;

 

  acquire and maintain new customers and services;

 

  respond to service requests in a timely fashion;

 

  expand our geographic segments and service provider network;

 

  pursue selective acquisitions;

 

  develop and improve our operational, financial and management controls; and

 

  develop and improve our information reporting systems and procedures.

 

9


 

We compete in residential and commercial services industries, focusing on home appliance installation and maintenance, home-moving, home cleaning, senior care and smart community services, as well as sales of smart home supplementary merchandise. We compete with many other companies in the sale of our services. Many of our competitors have greater financial, technical, product development, marketing and other resources than we do. These organizations may be better known than we are and may have more customers or users than we do. We cannot provide assurance that we will be able to compete successfully against these organizations, which may lead to lower customer satisfaction, decreased demand for our services, loss of market share or reduction of operating profits.

 

We may not be able to effectively manage our growth and expansion or implement our business strategies, in which case our business and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

 

Our growth depends significantly on the growth of the Chinese economy which has recently slowed and industry demand and our ability to:

 

  expand our service offerings and diversify our customer base;
     
  source sufficient levels of service providers to meet additional or existing customer needs;
     
  successfully address competition challenges;
     
  hire, train and retain a sufficient number of qualified personnel to manage growth and operations;
     
  successfully maintain and develop relationships with strategic partners;
     
  improve and expand our website and WeChat platform in an increasingly competitive environment;
     
  drive traffic to our online platform through our planned expenditures and convert such traffic to sales efficiently and effectively;
     
  respond to changes in government policies that may impose restrictions on our business, including privacy or other consumer protection laws;
     
  keep up with changes in technology; and
     
  successfully integrate our strategic acquisitions and investments.

 

Any growth and expansion, when occur, will place increased demands on our management, operational and administrative resources. These increased demands and operating complexities could cause us to operate our business less effectively, which, in turn, could cause a deterioration in our financial performance and negatively impact our growth. Any planned growth will also require that we continually monitor and upgrade our management information and other systems, as well as our infrastructure.

 

There can be no assurance that we will be able to grow our business and achieve our goals. Even if we succeed in establishing new strategic partnerships, and further expand our geographic footprint, we cannot assure that we will achieve planned revenue or profitability levels in the time periods estimated by us, or at all. If any of these initiatives fails to achieve or is unable to sustain acceptable revenue and profitability levels, we may incur significant costs.

 

10


 

Future strategic alliances or acquisitions may have a material and adverse effect on our business, reputation and results of operations.

 

We may in the future enter into strategic alliances with various third parties to further our business purposes from time to time. Strategic alliances with third parties could subject us to a number of risks, including risks associated with sharing proprietary information, non-performance by the counter-party, and an increase in expenses incurred in establishing new strategic alliances, any of which may materially and adversely affect our business. In addition, to the extent the strategic partner suffers negative publicity or harm to their reputation from events relating to their business, we may also suffer negative publicity or harm to our reputation by virtue of our association with such third parties, and we may have little ability to control or monitor their actions. In addition, although we have no current acquisition plans, if we are presented with appropriate opportunities, we may acquire additional assets, products, technologies or businesses that are complementary to our existing business, including businesses that are owned or controlled by directors, officers, shareholders or their affiliates.

 

Future acquisitions and the subsequent integration of new assets and businesses into our own would require significant attention from our management and could result in a diversion of resources from our existing business, which in turn could have an adverse effect on our business operations. Acquired assets or businesses may not generate the financial results we expect. Furthermore, acquisitions could result in the use of substantial amounts of cash, potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities, the occurrence of significant goodwill impairment charges, amortization expenses for other intangible assets and exposure to potential unknown liabilities of the acquired business. Moreover, the costs of identifying and consummating acquisitions may be significant. We may also have to obtain approvals and licenses from the relevant government authorities in the PRC for the acquisitions and to comply with any applicable PRC laws and regulations, which could result in increased costs and delay.

 

Our expansion into new services, technologies and geographic regions may expose us to new challenges and more competitive risks.

 

We may have limited or no experience in our newer market segments, such as senior care services and pharmaceutical devices and products distribution, and our customers may not adopt our new service and product offerings. These service and product offerings may present new and difficult technology challenges, and we may be subject to claims if customers of these service and product offerings experience quality issues or other issues. In addition, profitability, if any, in our newer activities may be lower than in our older activities, and we may not be successful enough in these newer activities to recoup our investments in them. If any of this were to occur, it could damage our reputation, limit our growth, and negatively affect our operating results.

 

If we are unable to conduct marketing activities cost-effectively, or if our customer acquisition costs increase or costs associated with serving our customers increase, our results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.

 

We have incurred significant expenses on a variety of advertising and brand promotion initiatives designed to enhance our brand recognition, acquire new customers and increase sales of our services. We incurred $22,691,231, $11,989,919 and $10,279,274 of sales and marketing expenses in fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. We expect to continue to spend significant amounts to acquire additional customers and retain existing customers, primarily through advertising and brand promotion initiatives. We market our brand and services through multiple channels, both online and offline. Online marketing is mainly done through WeChat events. Offline services are mainly promoted by clients from communities, institutions, training agencies and firms through peer-to-peer marketing. We also aim to deliver premium services to garner strong word-of-mouth referrals and enhance our brand recognition.

 

Our decisions regarding investments in customer acquisition are based upon our analysis of the revenue we have historically generated per customer over the expected lifetime value of the customer. Our analysis of the revenue that we expect a customer to generate over his or her lifetime depends upon several estimates and assumptions, including the demographic groups of the customers, whether a customer will make a second service order, whether a customer will make multiple service orders in a month, average sales per order and the predictability of a customer’s purchase pattern. Our experience in markets or customer demographic groups in which we presently have low penetration rates may differ from our more established markets.

 

11


 

Our brand promotion and marketing activities may not be as effective as we anticipate. If our estimates and assumptions regarding the revenue we can generate from customers prove incorrect, or if the revenue generated from new customers differs significantly from that of existing customers, we may be unable to recover our customer acquisition costs or generate profits from our investment in acquiring new customers. Moreover, if our customer acquisition costs or other operating costs increase, the return on our investment may be lower than we anticipate irrespective of the revenue generated from new customers. If we cannot generate profits from this investment, we may need to alter our growth strategy, and our growth rate and results of operations may be harmed. In addition, marketing approaches and tools in the household services market in China are evolving, which require us to keep pace with industry developments and changing preferences. Failure to refine our existing marketing approaches or to introduce new marketing approaches in a cost-effective manner could reduce our market share, cause our net revenue to decline and negatively impact our profitability, if any.

 

If our senior management is unable to work together effectively or efficiently or if we lose their services, our business may be severely disrupted.

 

Our success heavily depends upon the continued services of our senior management. In particular, we rely on the expertise and experience of Wenshan Xie, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Chunsheng Zhu, our Chief Financial Officer and a director, as well as other officers. If our senior management cannot work together effectively or efficiently, our business may be severely disrupted. If one or more of our senior management were unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, we might not be able to replace them easily or at all, and our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. If any of our senior management joins a competitor or forms a competing business, we may lose customers, service providers, know-how and key professionals and staff members. Our senior management has entered into employment agreements and confidentiality and non-competition agreements with us. However, if any dispute arises between our officers and us, we may have to incur substantial costs and expenses in order to enforce such agreements in China or we may be unable to enforce them at all.

 

In addition, while we formulate the overall business strategy at our headquarters, we also give latitude to our subsidiaries to manage the daily operations. We cannot assure you that communications between the senior management team and the local management teams will always be effective, or the executions at the local levels will always have the results that the senior management team expects.

  

Non-payment by our end customers or service providers could adversely affect our revenues and profitability if we experience difficulties in collecting our receivables.

 

As a provider of home appliance services and housekeeping services, we depend upon the services provided by service providers to end customers and the collection of receivables from these customers.  When our end customers place orders online for services, they pay either a required visit fee or the estimated full amount of service fee through third-party payment platforms, such as WeChat Pay and Alipay.  After the service is rendered, our service provider will facilitate the collection of any unpaid balance of service fee from the end customer.  Our customers are normally asked to pay such balance through WeChat Pay or Alipay to our accounts so that we receive the payments immediately. If the customer does not have WeChat or Alipay accounts, our service providers will accept cash payments from them. The service providers will then have thirty days to wire the payments to the bank accounts designated by us according to the agreement that we entered into with them. If the end customer refuses to pay, we will communicate directly with the end customer.  Depending on the reasons for non-payment, we may either request the service provider to fix the service problems or request the ender customer to pay.  If the end user continues to fail to pay after a satisfactory service is provided and the service provider is unable to collect payment from the end customer, the service provider has no obligation to pay us, nor are we obligated to pay the service provider.  We are also at risk in the event that the service provider collects cash from the end customers and does not remit it to us. We will treat the failure of payment by the end customer as a bad debt.   While we have not experienced collection problems from end customers or service providers in the past, we may incur significant write-offs if a significant number of our end customers fail to pay their outstanding balances or our service providers fail to remit the cash to us, which could adversely affect our revenues and profitability.

 

12


 

Any change, disruption, discontinuity in the features and functions of our online platform, including our failure to enhance and upgrade when needed, can be disruptive and may negatively impact our revenue.

 

Defects or disruptions in our hosted software, including our website or WeChat platform, could result in service disruptions for our customers. Our network performance and service levels could be disrupted by numerous events, including natural disasters and power losses. We might inadvertently operate or misuse the system in ways that could cause a service disruption for some or all of our customers. We might have insufficient redundancy or server capacity to address any such disruption, which could result in interruptions in our services or degradation of our service levels. Our customers might use our hosted software in ways that cause a service disruption for other customers. These defects or disruptions could undermine confidence in our services and cause us to lose customers or make it more difficult to attract new ones, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flow.

 

In addition, as we continue to increase the number of customers and users on our platform, we will need to increase the capacity of our infrastructure. If we do not increase our capacity in a timely manner, customers could experience interruptions or delays in access to our online platform, and we may not be able to retain or attract customers. Any damage to, or failure of, our online platform could result in interruptions in service. Interruptions in our service may reduce our revenue, cause us to issue refunds, subject us to claims and litigation, cause our customers to terminate their services, and adversely affect our ability to attract new customers. Our business will also be harmed if our customers and potential customers believe our platform is unreliable.

 

Our operations depend on the performance of the internet infrastructure and fixed telecommunications networks in China.

 

Almost all access to the internet in China is maintained through state-owned telecommunication operators under the administrative control and regulatory supervision of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. We primarily rely on a limited number of telecommunication service providers to provide us with data communications capacity through local telecommunications lines and internet data centers to host our servers. We may have limited access to alternative networks or services in the event of disruptions, failures or other problems with China’s internet infrastructure or the fixed telecommunications networks provided by telecommunication service providers. With the expansion of our business, we may be required to upgrade our technology and infrastructure to keep up with increasing traffic. We cannot assure you that our cloud computing service provider and the underlying internet infrastructure and the fixed telecommunications networks in China will be able to support the demand associated with the continued growth in internet usage. In addition, we have no control over the costs of the services provided by telecommunication service providers which in turn, may affect our costs of using customized cloud computing services. If the prices we pay for customized cloud computing services rise significantly, our results of operations may be adversely affected. Furthermore, if internet access fees or other charges to internet users increase, our user traffic may decline and our business may be harmed.

 

Any failure to protect our intellectual property rights could impair our ability to protect our proprietary technology and our brand.

 

We regard our trademarks, domain names, copyrights, know-how, proprietary technologies and similar intellectual property as critical to our success, and we rely on trademark and trade secret laws and confidentiality, invention assignment and non-compete agreements with our employees and others to protect our proprietary rights. Any unauthorized use of our trademarks and other intellectual property rights could harm our competitive advantages and business. Historically, China has not protected intellectual property rights to the same extent as the United States and infringement of intellectual property rights continues to pose a serious risk of doing business in China. Monitoring and preventing unauthorized use is difficult. The measures we take to protect our intellectual property rights may not be adequate. Furthermore, the application of laws governing intellectual property rights in China and abroad is uncertain and evolving, and could involve substantial risks to us. If we are unable to adequately protect our brand, trademarks and other intellectual property rights, we may lose these rights and our business may suffer materially. As internet domain name rights are not rigorously regulated or enforced in China, other companies may incorporate in their domain names elements similar in writing or pronunciation to our company name or its Chinese equivalents. This may result in confusion between those companies and our company and may lead to the dilution of our brand value, which could adversely affect our business.

 

13


 

Any disruption in our information systems could disrupt our future operations and could adversely impact our business and results of operations.

 

We depend on various information systems to support our customers’ service orders and to successfully manage our business, including managing orders, accounting controls, payroll, among other things. Any inability to successfully manage the procurement, development, implementation or execution of our information systems and back-up systems, including matters related to system security, reliability, performance and access, as well as any inability of these systems to fulfill their intended purpose within our business, could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

 

The wide variety of payment methods that we accept subjects us to third-party payment processing-related risks.

 

We accept payments using a variety of methods, including online payments with credit cards and debit cards issued by major banks in China, and payment through third-party online payment platforms such as WeChat Pay. For certain payment methods, including credit and debit cards, we pay interchange and other fees, which may increase over time and raise our operating costs and lower our profit margins. We may also be susceptible to fraud and other illegal activities in connection with the various payment methods we offer. We are also subject to various rules, regulations and requirements, regulatory or otherwise, governing electronic funds transfers which could change or be reinterpreted to make it difficult or impossible for us to comply. If we fail to comply with these rules or requirements, we may be subject to fines and higher transaction fees and become unable to accept credit and debit card payments from our customers, or facilitate other types of online payments, and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

 

We may need additional capital, and the sale of other equity securities could result in additional dilution to our shareholders, and the incurrence of additional indebtedness could increase our debt service obligations.

 

We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents and anticipated cash flow from operations should be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for the foreseeable future. We may, however, require additional cash resources due to changed business conditions or other future developments, including any investments or acquisitions that we may decide to pursue. If these resources are insufficient to satisfy our cash requirements, we may seek to issue additional shares or debt securities or to obtain a credit facility. The sale of additional equity and equity-linked securities could result in additional dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could result in operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations. Our ability to obtain additional financing will be subject to a number of factors, including general market conditions, government approvals, investor acceptance of our plan of operations and results from our business operations. We cannot assure you that financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.

 

The forecasts of market growth included in this annual report may prove to be inaccurate, and even if the markets in which we compete achieve the forecasted growth, we cannot assure you our business will grow at similar rates, if at all.

 

Growth forecasts are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates that may not prove to be accurate. The forecasts contained in this annual report may prove to be inaccurate. Even if these markets experience the forecasted growth described in this annual report, we may not grow our business at similar rates, or at all. Our growth is subject to many factors, including our success in implementing our business strategy, which is subject to many risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, the forecasts of market growth included in this annual report should not be taken as indicative of our future growth.

 

14


 

The Company’s business operations could be adversely affected by the new outbreak of COVID-19.

 

The Company’s business operations have been and could continue to be adversely affected by the outbreak of respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus known as COVID-19. The Company’s corporate headquarter is located in Fuzhou City, China, while most our home appliance services are conducted in Shandong, Henan and Hunan provinces and our housekeeping services are mainly conducted in Fujian, Shandong and Guangxi provinces. Any outbreak of contagious diseases and other adverse public health developments in these areas could be materially adverse on the Company’s business operations. In response to the highly contagious and sometimes fatal coronavirus inflicting thousands of people in China, local governments imposed travel restrictions and quarantines orders to control the spread of COVID-19 during the first half of 2020. During 2021, the situation in China appeared to be on a path of slow recovery from the impact and compared with 2020, the adverse impact of COVID-19 on our operations was gradually alleviated. However, travel restrictions, quarantine requirements and/or temporary closure of office buildings and facilities have been imposed by local governments in 2022 due to the outbreak of Omicron variant in many cities in China. In early December 2022, Chinese government eased the strict control measure for COVID-19, which has led to surge in increased infections and disruption in our business operations in December 2022 and January 2023.

 

The Company primarily engages in provision of home appliance services, housekeeping services and senior care services through website and WeChat platform, “e家快服”, across 21 provinces in China. Our customers are homeowners who require assistance with technical home installation and repair issues as well as those require housekeeping and senior care services. The global outbreak of COVID-19 has significantly and adversely impacted our business operations. From 2020 to 2022, there were outbreaks of COVID-19 and control measures taken by local government to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 in China, including travel restrictions, quarantine requirements and/or temporary closure of office buildings and facilities. These control measures have had negative effect on our services to our customers and other business activities, such as postpone of intercity in-person business meetings and delay of certain projects. We also experienced a slowdown in our regular business activities as a result of remote working requirements and travel restrictions. Although businesses are currently back to normal in China, any future impact of COVID-19 on our operation results will depend on, to a large extent, future developments and new information that may emerge regarding the duration and resurgence of COVID-19 variants and the actions taken by government authorities to contain COVID-19 or treat its impact, almost all of which are beyond our control. Due to the significant uncertainties surrounding any further outbreak or resurgence of COVID-19 and actions that might be taken by governmental authorities, the extent of the future business disruption and the related financial impacts on our business cannot be reasonably estimated at this time.

 

Increase in labor costs in the PRC may adversely affect our business and results of operations.

 

In recent years, the Chinese economy has experienced inflationary and labor cost increases. Average wages are projected to continue to increase. Further, under PRC law we are required to pay various statutory employee benefits, including basic pension insurance, housing fund, basic medical insurance, work-related injury insurance, unemployment insurance and maternity insurance to designated government agencies for the benefit of our employees. The relevant government agencies may examine whether an employer has made adequate payments to the statutory employee benefits, and those employers who fail to make adequate payments may be subject to late payment fees, fines and/or other penalties. We expect that our labor costs, including wages and employee benefits, will continue to increase. If we are unable to control our labor costs or pass such increased labor costs on to our customers by increasing the fees of our products and services, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.

  

We do not have any business insurance coverage.

 

Insurance companies in China currently do not offer as extensive an array of insurance products as insurance companies in more developed economies. Currently, we do not have any business liability or disruption insurance to cover our operations. We have determined that the costs of insuring these risks and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. Any uninsured business disruptions may result in substantial costs and the diversion of resources, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

 

15


 

We have material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. If any material weakness persists or if we fail to establish and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, our ability to accurately report its financial results could be adversely affected.

 

In connection with the preparation of the financial statements included in this annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended June 30, 2023, our management evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2023 and determined they were not effective due to certain material weaknesses as described in Part II. Item 15. “Controls and Procedures” of this annual report. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

 

There can be no assurance that any of our efforts we are implementing, or our internal control over financial reporting generally, will remediate any material weakness or avoid future weaknesses or deficiencies. Any failure to remediate the material weakness and any future weaknesses or deficiencies or any failure to implement required new or improved controls or difficulties encountered in their implementation could cause us to fail to meet its reporting obligations or result in material misstatements in its financial statements. If we are unable to remediate its material weaknesses, our management may not be able to conclude that its disclosure controls and procedures or internal control over financial reporting are effective, which could result in investors losing confidence in its reported financial information and may lead to a decline in the stock price.

 

We will incur increased costs relating to being a public company after we cease to qualify as an “emerging growth company.”

 

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as rules subsequently implemented by the SEC, impose various requirements on the corporate governance practices of public companies. We qualify as an “emerging growth company” pursuant to the JOBS Act. An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These provisions include exemption from the auditor attestation requirement under SOX 404 in the assessment of the emerging growth company’s internal control over financial reporting and permission to delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies.

 

We expect these rules and regulations to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and to make some corporate activities more time consuming and costly. After we are no longer an “emerging growth company,” we expect to incur significant expenses and devote substantial management effort toward ensuring compliance with the requirements of SOX 404 and the other rules and regulations of the SEC. It may also be more difficult for us to find qualified persons to serve on our board of directors or as executive officers. We are currently evaluating and monitoring developments with respect to these rules and regulations, and we cannot predict or estimate with any degree of certainty the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs.

 

Recently enacted economic substance legislation of the Cayman Islands may adversely impact our company or its operations.

 

Pursuant to The International Tax Co-operation (Economic Substance) Act (As Revised), entities incorporated, formed or registered in the Cayman Islands must report their activities on an annual basis to the Cayman Islands tax authorities and those entities that are carrying on certain relevant activities, as defined in the ES Law, must have adequate substance in the Cayman Islands. The ES Law was effective January 1, 2019 and applies in respect of financial years commencing in 2019 and onwards. It is not anticipated that we will be subject to any requirements under the ES Law other than the annual notification and reporting requirements, as we believe we are out of scope of the ES Law on the basis that we are tax resident outside the Cayman Islands. However, as the legislation is new and remains subject to further clarification and interpretation, it is not currently possible to ascertain the precise long-term impact of these legislative changes on our company.

 

16


 

Risks Related to Doing Business in China

 

The Chinese government exerts significant oversight and discretion over the conduct of our business. The Chinese government may intervene or influence our PRC subsidiaries’ operations at any time, which could result in a material adverse change in our PRC subsidiaries’ operations and in the value of our securities.

 

Substantially all of our operations are conducted in the PRC by our PRC subsidiaries and all of our revenue is sourced from the PRC. Accordingly, our financial condition and results of operations are affected to a significant extent by economic, political and legal developments in the PRC. The PRC economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including the extent of government involvement, level of development, growth rate, and control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and to guide the allocation of resources. Some of these measures may benefit the overall PRC economy, but may also have a negative effect on us. Our financial condition and results of operations and the value of our securities could be materially and adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us. In addition, there can be no assurance that the PRC government will not intervene or impose restrictions on our ability to transfer or distribute cash within our organization or to foreign investors, which could result in an inability or prohibition on making transfers or distributions outside of mainland China and Hong Kong and may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

Recent statements by the Chinese government indicate an intent to exert more oversight and more control over offerings conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers. Any such actions by the Chinese government could significantly limit or completely hinder E-Home’s ability to offer or continue to offer its securities to investors and cause the value of our securities to significantly decline or become worthless.

 

The Chinese government recently has published new policies that significantly affected certain industries such as the education and internet industries, and we cannot rule out the possibility that it will in the future release regulations or policies regarding our industry that could require us to seek permission from Chinese authorities to continue to operate our business, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, recent statements made by the Chinese government have indicated an intent to increase the government’s oversight and control over offerings of companies with significant operations in China that are to be conducted in foreign markets, as well as foreign investment in China-based issuers like us, such as New Overseas Listing Rules. Any such action could significantly limit or completely hinder E-Home’s ability to offer or continue to offer its securities to investors, and could cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or become worthless.

 

As substantially all of our operations are based in China, any future Chinese, U.S. or other rules and regulations that place restrictions on capital raising or other activities by companies with extensive operations in China could adversely affect our business and results of operations. If the business environment in China deteriorates from the perspective of domestic or international investment, or if relations between China and the United States or other governments deteriorate, the Chinese government may intervene with our operations and our business in China, as well as the value of our securities, may also be adversely affected.

 

The filing with the China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”) is required in connection with any future offerings and certain events of the Company under New Overseas Listing Rules, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to timely make such filing, in which case we may face sanctions by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies for failure to timely file with the CSRC.

 

On February 17, 2023, the CSRC released the New Overseas Listing Rules, which took effect on March 31, 2023. The New Overseas Listing Rules require Chinese domestic enterprises to complete filings with relevant CSRC and report related information under certain circumstances, such as: a) an issuer making an application for initial public offering and listing in an overseas market; b) an issuer making an overseas securities offering after having been listed on an overseas market; c) a domestic company seeking an overseas direct or indirect listing of its assets through single or multiple acquisition(s), share swap, transfer of shares or other means. According to the Notice on Arrangements for Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Enterprises, published by the CSRC on February 17, 2023, a company that (i) has already completed overseas listing or (ii) has already obtained the approval for the offering or listing from overseas securities regulators or exchanges but has not completed such offering or listing before effective date of the new rules and also completes the offering or listing before September 30, 2023 will be considered as an existing listed company and is not required to make any filing until it conducts a new offering in the future. Furthermore, upon the occurrence of any of the material events specified below after an issuer has completed its offering and listed its securities on an overseas stock exchange, the issuer shall submit a report thereof to the CSRC within 3 business days after the occurrence and public disclosure of the event: (i) change of control; (ii) investigations or sanctions imposed by overseas securities regulatory agencies or other competent authorities; (iii) change of listing status or transfer of listing segment; or (iv) voluntary or mandatory delisting. The New Overseas Listing Rules stipulate the legal consequences to the companies for breaches, including failure to fulfill filing obligations or filing documents having false statement or misleading information or material omissions, which may result in a fine ranging from RMB1 million to RMB10 million, and in cases of severe violations, the relevant responsible persons may also be barred from entering the securities market. Our PRC counsel has advised us based on their understanding of the current PRC laws, rules and regulations relating to the CSRC’s filing requirements, we are not required to file with CSRC in accordance with the New Overseas Listing Rules immediately, but shall carry out filing procedures as required if we conduct any overseas offerings or fall within other circumstances that require filing with the CSRC. Given the current PRC regulatory environment, it is uncertain when and whether we and our PRC subsidiaries will be required to obtain other permissions or approvals from the PRC government to list on U.S. exchanges in the future, and even if and when such permissions or approvals are obtained, whether they will be denied or rescinded. If we or any of our PRC subsidiaries do not receive or maintain such permissions or approvals, inadvertently conclude that such permissions or approvals are not required, or applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations change and we or our subsidiaries are required to obtain such permissions or approvals in the future, it could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer our securities to investors and cause the value of our securities to significantly decline or become worthless.

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17


 

Changes in U.S. and Chinese regulations or in relations between the United States and China may adversely impact our business, our operating results, our ability to raise capital and the market price of our ordinary shares. Any such changes may take place quickly and with very little notice.

 

The U.S. government, including the SEC, has made statements and taken certain actions that led to changes to United States and international relations, and will impact companies with connections to the United States or China. The SEC has issued statements primarily focused on companies with significant China-based operations, such as us. For example, on July 30, 2021, Gary Gensler, Chairman of the SEC, issued a Statement on Investor Protection Related to Recent Developments in China, pursuant to which Chairman Gensler stated that he has asked the SEC staff to engage in targeted additional reviews of filings for companies with significant China-based operations. The Company’s filings with the SEC may be subject to enhanced review by the SEC and this additional scrutiny could affect our ability to effectively raise capital in the United States.

 

In response to the SEC’s July 30, 2021 statement, the CSRC announced on August 1, 2021, that “[i]t is our belief that Chinese and U.S. regulators shall continue to enhance communication with the principle of mutual respect and cooperation, and properly address the issues related to the supervision of China-based companies listed in the U.S. so as to form stable policy expectations and create benign rules framework for the market.” While the CSRC will continue to collaborate “closely with different stakeholders including investors, companies, and relevant authorities to further promote transparency and certainty of policies and implementing measures,” it emphasized that it “has always been open to companies’ choices to list their securities on international or domestic markets in compliance with relevant laws and regulations.” If any new legislation, executive orders, laws and/or regulations are implemented, if the U.S. or Chinese governments take retaliatory actions due to the recent U.S.-China tension or if the Chinese government exerts more oversight and control over securities offerings that are conducted in the United States, such changes could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, our ability to raise capital and the value of our securities.

 

Our business is subject to complex and evolving laws and regulations regarding privacy and data protection. Compliance with China’s new Data Security Law, Cybersecurity Review Measures, Personal Information Protection Law, Provisions on Strengthening the Confidentiality and Archives Administration as well as additional laws, regulations and guidelines that the Chinese government promulgates in the future may entail significant expenses and could materially affect our business.

 

Regulatory authorities in China have implemented and are considering further legislative and regulatory proposals concerning data protection. China’s new Data Security Law went into effect on September 1, 2021. The Data Security Law provides that the data processing activities must be conducted based on “data classification and hierarchical protection system” for the purpose of data protection and prohibits entities in China from transferring data stored in China to foreign law enforcement agencies or judicial authorities without prior approval by the Chinese government. The Data Security Law sets forth the legal liabilities of entities and individuals found to be in violation of their data protection obligations, including rectification order, warning, fines of up to RMB5million, suspension of relevant business, and revocation of business permits or licenses.

 

In addition, the PRC Cybersecurity Law provides that personal information and important data collected and generated by operators of critical information infrastructure in the course of their operations in the PRC should be stored in the PRC, and the law imposes heightened regulation and additional security obligations on operators of critical information infrastructure. According to the Cybersecurity Review Measures promulgated by the Cyberspace Administration of China and certain other PRC regulatory authorities in April 2020, which became effective in June 2020, operators of critical information infrastructure must pass a cybersecurity review when purchasing network products and services which do or may affect national security. Any failure or delay in the completion of the cybersecurity review procedures may prevent the critical information infrastructure operator from using or providing certain network products and services, and may result in fines of up to ten times the purchase price of such network products and services. The PRC government recently launched cybersecurity reviews against a number of mobile apps operated by several U.S.-listed Chinese companies and prohibiting these apps from registering new users during the review periods. We do not believe that we constitute a critical information infrastructure operator under the Cybersecurity Review Measures that took effect in June 2020.

 

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The PRC National Security Law covers various types of national security, including technology security and information security. The Cybersecurity Review Measures that took effect on February 15,2022 revised Cybersecurity Review Measures expand the cybersecurity review to data processing operators in possession of personal information of over 1 million users if the operators intend to list their securities in a foreign country. Under the revised Cybersecurity Review Measures, the scope of entities required to undergo cybersecurity review to assess national security risks that arise from data processing activities would be expanded to include all critical information infrastructure operators who purchase network products and services and all data processors carrying out data processing activities that affect or may affect national security. In addition, such reviews would focus on the potential risk of core data, important data, or a large amount of personal information being stolen, leaked, destroyed, illegally used or exported out of China, or critical information infrastructure being affected, controlled or maliciously used by foreign governments after such a listing. An operator that violates these measures shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of the PRC Cybersecurity Law and the PRC Data Security Law. As advised by our PRC counsel, Tian Yuan Law Firm, we believe that the cybersecurity review requirement under the revised Cybersecurity Review Measures for online platform operators in possession of personal information of over one million users going public in a foreign country does not apply to us or any of our PRC subsidiaries, because we became a public company with shares listed on Nasdaq before such Measures went into effect on February 15, 2022. However, there remains uncertainty as to the interpretation and implementation of the revised Cybersecurity Review Measures and we cannot assure you that the CAC will reach the same conclusion as our PRC counsel.

 

On November 14, 2021, the CAC released the Regulations on Network Data Security (draft for public comments) and accepted public comments until December 13, 2021. The draft Regulations on Network Data Security provide more detailed guidance on how to implement the general legal requirements under legislations such as the Cybersecurity Law, Data Security Law and the Personal Information Protection Law. The draft Regulations on Network Data Security follow the principle that the state will regulate based on a data classification and multi-level protection scheme. We believe that E-Home or any of its subsidiaries does not constitute an online platform operator under the draft Regulations on Network Data Security as proposed, which is defined as a platform that provides information publishing, social network, online transaction, online payment and online audio/video services. Our PRC subsidiaries only access certain customers through the WeChat platform but none of them is an online platform operator themselves, nor is any of them required to obtain an ICP license for their operations. 

 

On August 20, 2021, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of China promulgated the Personal Information Protection Law which will become effective on November 1, 2021. The Personal Information Protection Law provides a comprehensive set of data privacy and protection requirements that apply to the processing of personal information and expands data protection compliance obligations to cover the processing of personal information of persons by organizations and individuals in China, and the processing of personal information of persons in China outside of China if such processing is for purposes of providing products and services to, or analyzing and evaluating the behavior of, persons in China. The Personal Information Protection Law also provides that critical information infrastructure operators and personal information processing entities who process personal information meeting a volume threshold to be set by Chinese cyberspace regulators are also required to store in China personal information generated or collected in China, and to pass a security assessment administered by Chinese cyberspace regulators for any export of such personal information. Lastly, the Personal Information Protection Law contains proposals for significant fines for serious violations of up to RMB 50 million or 5% of annual revenues from the prior year and may also be ordered to suspend any related activity by competent authorities. We have access to certain information of our customers in providing services and may be required to further adjust our business practice to comply with new regulatory requirements.

 

On February 24, 2023, the CSRC, the Ministry of Finance, the National Administration of State Secretes Protection and the National Archives Administration released the Provisions on Strengthening the Confidentiality and Archives Administration Related to the Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies, or the Confidentiality and Archives Administration Provisions, which took effect on March 31, 2023. PRC domestic enterprises seeking to offer securities and list in overseas markets, either directly or indirectly, shall establish and improve the system of confidentiality and archives work, and shall complete approval and filing procedures with competent authorities, if such PRC domestic enterprises or their overseas listing entities provide or publicly disclose documents or materials involving state secrets and work secrets of state organs to relevant securities companies, securities service institutions, overseas regulatory agencies and other entities and individuals. It further stipulates that (i) providing or publicly disclosing documents and materials which may adversely affect national security or public interests, and accounting records or photocopies thereof to relevant securities companies, securities service institutions, overseas regulatory agencies and other entities and individuals shall be subject to corresponding procedures in accordance with relevant laws and regulations; and (ii) any working papers formed in the territory of the PRC by securities companies and securities service agencies that provide domestic enterprises with securities services relating to overseas securities issuance and listing shall be stored in the territory of the PRC, the outbound transfer of which shall be subject to corresponding procedures in accordance with relevant laws and regulations. Our subsidiaries in China provide home appliance services and housekeeping services and their business activities do not affect national security and they don’t have documents and materials which may adversely affect national security or public interests.

 

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Interpretation, application and enforcement of these laws, rules and regulations evolve from time to time and their scope may continually change, through new legislation, amendments to existing legislation or changes in enforcement. Compliance with the PRC Cybersecurity Law and the PRC Data Security Law could significantly increase the cost to us of providing our service offerings, require significant changes to our operations or even prevent us from providing certain service offerings in jurisdictions in which we currently operate or in which we may operate in the future. Despite our efforts to comply with applicable laws, regulations and other obligations relating to privacy, data protection and information security, it is possible that our practices or service offerings could fail to meet all of the requirements imposed on us by the PRC Cybersecurity Law, the PRC Data Security Law and/or related implementing regulations. Any failure on our part to comply with such law or regulations or any other obligations relating to privacy, data protection or information security, or any compromise of security that results in unauthorized access, use or release of personally identifiable information or other data, or the perception or allegation that any of the foregoing types of failure or compromise has occurred, could damage our reputation, discourage new and existing counterparties from contracting with us or result in investigations, fines, suspension or other penalties by Chinese government authorities and private claims or litigation, any of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Even if our practices are not subject to legal challenge, the perception of privacy concerns, whether or not valid, may harm our reputation and brand and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, the legal uncertainty created by the Data Security Law and the recent Chinese government actions could materially adversely affect our ability, on favorable terms, to raise capital, including engaging in any offerings of our securities in the U.S. market.

 

We may be required to apply for a cybersecurity review under the Cybersecurity Review Measures

 

The Cybersecurity Review Measures which took effect on February 15,2022 expands the cybersecurity review to data processing operators in possession of personal information of over 1 million users if the operators intend to list their securities in a foreign country. Although the number of our registered users through the WeChat platform has reached over four million and we have access to certain information of our customers in providing services, uncertainties exist as to how to interpret the terms such as “possess” or “personal information” therein. E-Home or any of its PRC subsidiaries are not required to apply for a cybersecurity review with the CAC, because E-Home’s Ordinary Shares we relisted on Nasdaq before the effective date of the revised Cybersecurity Review Measures on February 15, 2022 and the requirement that “online platform operators with personal information of more than 1 million users which intends to go public abroad must apply to the Cybersecurity Review Office of the CAC for a cybersecurity review” set forth in Article 7 of the revised Cybersecurity Review Measures should not be applicable to E-Home or any of its subsidiaries. Further, we do not believe that E-Home or any of its subsidiaries constitutes an online platform operator under the draft Regulations on Network Data Security which were published for comments on November 14, 2021 by the CAC. However, there remains uncertainty as to the interpretation and implementation of the revised Cybersecurity Review Measures and we cannot assure you that the CAC will reach the same conclusion as our PRC counsel.

 

PRC laws and regulations establish complex procedures in connection with certain acquisitions of China-based companies by foreign investors, which could make it more difficult for us to pursue growth through acquisitions or mergers in China.

 

On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the State-Owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the State Administration of Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”), and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, jointly adopted the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, or the M&A Rules, which came into effect on September 8, 2006 and were amended on June 22, 2009. The M&A Rules include, among other things, provisions that purport to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle formed for the purpose of an overseas listing of securities of a PRC company obtain the approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission prior to the listing and trading of such special purpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the China Securities Regulatory Commission published on its official website procedures regarding its approval of overseas listings through special purpose vehicles. However, substantial uncertainty remains regarding the scope and applicability of the M&A Rules to offshore special purpose vehicles.

 

The regulations also established additional procedures and requirements that are expected to make merger and acquisition activities in China by foreign investors more time consuming and complex, including requirements in some instances that the Ministry of Commerce be notified in advance of any change-of-control transaction in which a foreign investor takes control of a PRC domestic enterprise, or that the approval from the Ministry of Commerce of the PRC (“MOFCOM”) be obtained in circumstances where overseas companies established or controlled by PRC enterprises or residents acquire affiliated domestic companies.

 

Moreover, according to the Anti-Monopoly Law of the People’s Republic of China promulgated on August 30, 2007 and the Provisions on Thresholds for Reporting of Concentrations of Undertakings (the “Prior Reporting Rules”) issued by the State Council in August 2008 and amended in September 2018, the concentration of business undertakings by way of mergers, acquisitions or contractual arrangements that allow one market player to take control of or to exert decisive impact on another market player must also be notified in advance to the anti-monopoly enforcement agency of the State Council when the applicable threshold is crossed and such concentration shall not be implemented without the clearance of prior reporting. In addition, the Regulations on Implementation of Security Review System for the Merger and Acquisition of Domestic Enterprise by Foreign Investors (the “Security Review Rules”) issued by the MOFCOM that became effective in September 2011 specify that mergers and acquisitions by foreign investors that raise “national defense and security” concerns and mergers and acquisitions through which foreign investors may acquire de facto control over domestic enterprises that raise “national security” concerns are subject to strict review by the MOFCOM, and the rules prohibit any activities attempting to bypass a security review by structuring the transaction through, among other things, trusts, entrustment or contractual control arrangements.

 

We may grow our business in part by acquiring other companies operating in our industry. Compliance with the requirements of the regulations to complete such transactions could be time-consuming, and any required approval processes, including approval from the Ministry of Commerce, may delay or inhibit our ability to complete such transactions, which could affect our ability to expand our business or maintain our market share. See “Our Business—Regulation—Regulations Relating to Overseas Listing.”

 

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PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC-resident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiaries to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries and/or limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.

 

The State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or Circular 37, on July 4, 2014, which replaced the former circular commonly known as “Circular 75” promulgated by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on October 21, 2005. Circular 37 requires PRC residents to register with local branches of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in connection with their direct establishment or indirect control of an offshore entity, for the purpose of overseas investment and financing, with such PRC residents’ legally owned assets or equity interests in domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests, referred to in Circular 37 as a “special purpose vehicle.” Circular 37 further requires amendment to the registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to the special purpose vehicle, such as increase or decrease of capital contributed by PRC individuals, share transfer or exchange, merger, division or other material event. In the event that a PRC shareholder holding interests in a special purpose vehicle fails to fulfill the required registration with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, the PRC subsidiaries of that special purpose vehicle may be prohibited from making profit distributions to the offshore parent and from carrying out subsequent cross-border foreign exchange activities, and the special purpose vehicle may be restricted in its ability to contribute additional capital into its PRC subsidiaries. Moreover, failure to comply with the various registration requirements described above could result in liability under PRC law for evasion of foreign exchange controls. According to the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Policies for the Foreign Exchange Administration of Direct Investment released on February 13, 2015 by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (“Circular 13”), local banks will examine and handle foreign exchange registration for overseas direct investment, including the initial foreign exchange registration and amendment registration, under Circular 37 from June 1, 2015. The Circular 13 also simplified processing procedures for certain direct investment-related foreign exchange business, for example, simplifying the administration of the confirmation and registration of foreign investors’ contribution under domestic direct investment, canceling the filing of overseas re-investment foreign exchange, and canceling annual inspection of the direct investment-related foreign exchange.

 

According to Circular 37 and Circular 13, our shareholders or beneficial owners who are PRC residents are subject to Circular 37 or other foreign exchange administrative regulations in respect of their investment in our company. As of the date of this annual report, to the best of our knowledge, our PRC resident shareholders with offshore investments in our company are currently in the process of applying for registration for their foreign investment in our company in accordance with Circular 37 and Circular 13. We have notified substantial beneficial owners of ordinary shares who we know are PRC residents of their filing obligations. Nevertheless, we may not at all times be fully aware or informed of the identities of all of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents. We do not have control over our beneficial owners and there can be no assurance that all of our PRC-resident beneficial owners will comply with Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, and there is no assurance that the registration under Circular 37 and any amendment will be completed in a timely manner, or will be completed at all. The failure of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents to register or amend their foreign exchange registrations in a timely manner pursuant to Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, or the failure of future beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents to comply with the registration procedures set forth in Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, may subject such beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiaries to fines and legal sanctions. Such failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries and limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to our company. These risks may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

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Furthermore, Circular 37 is unclear how this regulation, and any future regulation concerning offshore or cross-border transactions, will be interpreted, amended and implemented by the relevant PRC government authorities, and we cannot predict how these regulations will affect our business operations or future strategy. Failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries and limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to us. These risks could in the future have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

PRC regulation of loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion may restrict or prevent us from making additional capital contributions or loans to our PRC subsidiaries.

 

E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited, as an offshore holding company, is permitted under PRC laws and regulations to provide funding to our PRC subsidiaries through loans or capital contributions. However, loans by us to our PRC subsidiaries to finance their activities cannot exceed statutory limits and must be registered with the local counterpart of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange and capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries are subject to the requirement of making necessary filings in the Foreign Investment Comprehensive Management Information System, and registration with other governmental authorities in China.

 

The State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital of Foreign-invested Enterprises, or Circular 19, effective on June 1, 2015, in replacement of the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvement of the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign- Invested Enterprises, the Notice from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Relevant Issues Concerning Strengthening the Administration of Foreign Exchange Businesses, and the Circular on Further Clarification and Regulation of the Issues Concerning the Administration of Certain Capital Account Foreign Exchange Businesses. According to Circular 19, the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currency-denominated registered capital of a foreign-invested company is regulated such that RMB capital may not be used for the issuance of RMB entrusted loans, the repayment of inter-enterprise loans or the repayment of bank loans that have been transferred to a third party. Although Circular 19 allows RMB capital converted from foreign currency-denominated registered capital of a foreign-invested enterprise to be used for equity investments within the PRC, it also reiterates the principle that RMB converted from the foreign currency-denominated capital of a foreign-invested company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope. Thus, it is unclear whether the State Administration of Foreign Exchange will permit such capital to be used for equity investments in the PRC in actual practice. The State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account, or Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, which reiterates some of the rules set forth in Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using RMB capital converted from foreign currency-denominated registered capital of a foreign-invested company to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition against using such capital to grant loans to non-associated enterprises. Violations of Circular 19 and Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties. Circular 19 and Circular 16 may significantly limit our ability to transfer any foreign currency we hold to our PRC subsidiaries, which may adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business in the PRC.

 

In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, with respect to future loans or future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiaries. As a result, uncertainties exist as to our ability to provide prompt financial support to our PRC subsidiaries when needed. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain such approvals, our ability to use foreign currency and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operations may be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.

 

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Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.

 

Pursuant to Circular 37, PRC residents who participate in share incentive plans in overseas non-publicly-listed  companies due to their positions as director, senior management or employees of the PRC subsidiaries of the overseas companies may submit applications to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its local branches for the foreign exchange registration with respect to offshore special purpose companies. As E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited is an overseas listed company under PRC laws, we and our directors, executive officers and other employees who are PRC residents and who are granted options will be subject to the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company, issued by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in February 2012, according to which, employees, directors, supervisors and other management members who are PRC residents participating in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company are required to register with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange through a domestic qualified agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of such overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. We will make our best efforts to comply with these requirements. However, there can be no assurance that they can successfully register with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in full compliance with the rules. Failure to complete the registrations may subject them to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit the ability to make payment under our share incentive plans or receive dividends or sales proceeds related thereto, or our ability to contribute additional capital into our wholly owned enterprises in China and limit our wholly-foreign owned enterprises’ ability to distribute dividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties that could restrict our ability to adopt additional share incentive plans for our directors and employees under PRC law.

 

We rely to a significant extent on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our operating PRC subsidiaries to fund offshore cash and financing requirements.

 

We are a holding company and rely to a significant extent on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by E-Home WFOE and its PRC subsidiaries and on remittances from them, for our offshore cash and financing requirements, including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to our shareholders, fund intercompany loans, service any debt we may incur outside of China and pay our expenses. When E-Home WFOE or its PRC subsidiaries incur additional debt, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other distributions or remittances to us. Furthermore, the laws, rules and regulations applicable to E-Home WFOE or its PRC subsidiaries permit payments of dividends only from part of their retained earnings, if any, determined in accordance with applicable PRC accounting standards and regulations.

 

Under PRC laws, rules and regulations, E-Home WFOE and its PRC subsidiaries are required to set aside at least 10% of their net income each year to fund certain statutory reserves until the cumulative amount of such reserves reaches 50% of their registered capital. These reserves, together with the registered capital, are not included in the retained earnings distributable as cash dividends. Furthermore, under PRC law, E-Home WFOE or its PRC subsidiaries cannot distribute any profits until all of their losses from prior fiscal years have been offset. As a result, E-Home WFOE and its PRC subsidiaries are restricted in their ability to transfer a portion of their net assets to their shareholder as dividends, loans or advances. In addition, registered share capital and statutory reserve accounts of E-Home WFOE and its PRC subsidiaries are also restricted from withdrawal in the PRC, up to the amount of their net assets.

 

Limitations on the ability of E-Home WFOE and its PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cash generated by the operations of those entities, including to make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our businesses, pay dividends to our shareholders or otherwise fund and conduct our business.

 

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We may be treated as a resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, and we may therefore be subject to PRC income tax on our global income.

 

Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementing rules, enterprises established under the laws of jurisdictions outside of China with “de facto management bodies” located in China may be considered PRC tax resident enterprises for tax purposes and may be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their global income. “De facto management body” refers to a managing body that exercises substantive and overall management and control over the production, personnel, accounting books and assets of an enterprise. The State Administration of Taxation issued the Notice Regarding the Determination of Chinese-Controlled Offshore-Incorporated Enterprises as PRC Tax Resident Enterprises on the Basis of De Facto Management Bodies, or Circular 82, on April 22, 2009. Circular 82 provides certain specific criteria for determining whether the “de facto management body” of a Chinese-controlled offshore-incorporated enterprise is located in China. Although Circular 82 only applies to offshore enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises, not those controlled by foreign enterprises or individuals, the determining criteria set forth in Circular 82 may reflect the State Administration of Taxation’s general position on how the “de facto management body” test should be applied in determining the tax resident status of offshore enterprises, regardless of whether they are controlled by PRC enterprises. If we were to be considered a PRC resident enterprise, we would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on our global income. In such case, our profitability and cash flow may be materially reduced as a result of our global income being taxed under the Enterprise Income Tax Law. We believe that none of our entities outside of China is a PRC resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes. However, the tax resident status of an enterprise is subject to determination by the PRC tax authorities and uncertainties remain with respect to the interpretation of the term “de facto management body.”

 

There are significant uncertainties under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law relating to the withholding tax liabilities of our PRC subsidiaries, and dividends payable by our PRC subsidiaries to our offshore subsidiaries may not qualify to enjoy certain treaty benefits.

 

Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules, the profits of a foreign-invested enterprise generated through operations, which are distributed to its immediate holding company outside China, will be subject to a withholding tax rate of 10.0%. Pursuant to a special arrangement between Hong Kong and China, such rate may be reduced to 5.0% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns more than 25.0% of the equity interest in the PRC company. E-Home WFOE is wholly owned by our Hong Kong subsidiary. Accordingly, such Hong Kong subsidiary may qualify for a 5.0% tax rate in respect of distributions from its PRC subsidiary. Under the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Issues regarding the Administration of the Dividend Provision in Tax Treaties promulgated on February 20, 2009, the taxpayer needs to satisfy certain conditions to enjoy the benefits under a tax treaty. These conditions include: (1) the taxpayer must be the beneficial owner of the relevant dividends, and (2) the corporate shareholder to receive dividends from the PRC subsidiaries must have continuously met the direct ownership thresholds during the 12 consecutive months preceding the receipt of the dividends. Further, the State Administration of Taxation promulgated the Notice on How to Understand and Recognize the “Beneficial Owner” in Tax Treaties on October 27, 2009, which limits the “beneficial owner” to individuals, enterprises or other organizations normally engaged in substantive operations, and sets forth certain detailed factors in determining the “beneficial owner” status.

 

Entitlement to a lower tax rate on dividends according to tax treaties or arrangements between the PRC central government and governments of other countries or regions is subject to State Administration of Taxation Circular 60 which provides that non-resident enterprises are not required to obtain pre-approval from the relevant tax authority in order to enjoy the reduced withholding tax. Instead, non-resident enterprises and their withholding agents may, by self-assessment and on confirmation that the prescribed criteria to enjoy the tax treaty benefits are met, directly apply the reduced withholding tax rate, and file necessary forms and supporting documents when performing tax filings, which will be subject to post-tax filing examinations by the relevant tax authorities. As a result, we cannot assure you that we will be entitled to any preferential withholding tax rate under tax treaties for dividends received from our PRC subsidiaries.

 

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We and our existing shareholders face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises or other assets attributed to a Chinese establishment of a non-Chinese company, or immovable properties located in China owned by non-Chinese companies.

 

In October 2017, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Bulletin on Issues Concerning the Withholding of Non-PRC Resident Enterprise Income Tax at Source, or Bulletin 37, which replaced the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by Non-PRC Resident Enterprises issued by the State Administration of Taxation on December 10, 2009, and partially replaced and supplemented rules under the Bulletin on Issues of Enterprise Income Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by Non-PRC Resident Enterprises, or Bulletin 7, issued by the State Administration of Taxation on February 3, 2015. Pursuant to Bulletin 7, an “indirect transfer” of PRC assets, including a transfer of equity interests in an unlisted non-PRC holding company of a PRC resident enterprise, by non-PRC resident enterprises may be re-characterized and treated as a direct transfer of the underlying PRC assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose of avoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax. According to Bulletin 7, “PRC taxable assets” include assets attributed to an establishment in China, immoveable properties located in China, and equity investments in PRC resident enterprises and any gains from the transfer of such asset by a direct holder, who is a non-PRC resident enterprise, would be subject to PRC enterprise income taxes. When determining whether there is a “reasonable commercial purpose” of the transaction arrangement, features to be taken into consideration include: whether the main value of the equity interest of the relevant offshore enterprise derives from PRC taxable assets; whether the assets of the relevant offshore enterprise mainly consists of direct or indirect investment in China or if its income mainly derives from China; whether the offshore enterprise and its subsidiaries directly or indirectly holding PRC taxable assets have real commercial nature which is evidenced by their actual function and risk exposure; the duration of existence of the business model and organizational structure; the replicability of the transaction by direct transfer of PRC taxable assets; and the tax situation of such indirect transfer and applicable tax treaties or similar arrangements. In the case of an indirect offshore transfer of assets of a PRC establishment, the resulting gain is to be included with the enterprise income tax filing of the PRC establishment or place of business being transferred, and may consequently be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Where the underlying transfer relates to immovable properties located in China or to equity investments in a PRC resident enterprise, which is not related to a PRC establishment or place of business of a non-resident enterprise, a PRC enterprise income tax of 10% would apply, subject to available preferential tax treatment under applicable tax treaties or similar arrangements, and the party who is obligated to make the transfer payments has the withholding obligation. Pursuant to Bulletin 37, the withholding agent shall declare and pay the withheld tax to the competent tax authority in the place where such withholding agent is located within 7 days from the date of occurrence of the withholding obligation, while the transferor is required to declare and pay such tax to the competent tax authority within the statutory time limit according to Bulletin 7. Late payment of applicable tax will subject the transferor to default interest. Both Bulletin 37 and Bulletin 7 do not apply to transactions of sale of shares by investors through a public stock exchange where such shares were acquired from a transaction through a public stock exchange.

 

There is uncertainty as to the application of Bulletin 37 or previous rules under Bulletin 7. We face uncertainties as to the reporting and other implications of certain past and future transactions where PRC taxable assets are involved, such as offshore restructuring, sale of the shares in our offshore subsidiaries or investments. Our company may be subject to filing obligations or taxes if our company is transferor in such transactions, and may be subject to withholding obligations if our company is transferee in such transactions, under Bulletin 37 and Bulletin 7. For transfer of shares in our company by investors that are non-PRC resident enterprises, our PRC subsidiaries may be requested to assist in the filing under Bulletin 37 and Bulletin 7. As a result, we may be required to expend valuable resources to comply with Bulletin 37 and Bulletin 7 or to request the relevant transferors from whom we purchase taxable assets to comply with these circulars, or to establish that our company should not be taxed under these circulars, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

 

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We are subject to restrictions on currency exchange.

 

All of our net income is denominated in Renminbi. The Renminbi is currently convertible under the “current account,” which includes dividends, trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, but not under the “capital account,” which includes foreign direct investment and loans, including loans we may secure from our onshore subsidiaries. Currently, our PRC subsidiaries may purchase foreign currency for settlement of “current account transactions,” including payment of dividends to us, without the approval of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, the relevant PRC governmental authorities may limit or eliminate our ability to purchase foreign currencies in the future for current account transactions. Foreign exchange transactions under the capital account remain subject to limitations and require approvals from, or registration with, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange and other relevant PRC governmental authorities. Since a significant amount of our future net income and cash flow will be denominated in Renminbi, any existing and future restrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to utilize cash generated in Renminbi to fund our business activities outside of the PRC or pay dividends in foreign currencies to our shareholders, including holders of our ordinary shares, and may limit our ability to obtain foreign currency through debt or equity financing for our subsidiaries.

 

Fluctuations in exchange rates could result in foreign currency exchange losses and could materially reduce the value of your investment.

 

The value of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economic conditions and the foreign exchange policy adopted by the PRC government. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its policy of pegging the value of the Renminbi to the U.S. dollar. With the development of the foreign exchange market and progress towards interest rate liberalization and renminbi internationalization, the Chinese government may in the future announce further changes to the exchange rate system. There is no guarantee that the renminbi will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how market forces or Chinese or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the renminbi and the U.S. dollar in the future.

 

All of our revenue and substantially all of our costs are denominated in Renminbi. We are a holding company and we rely on dividends paid by our operating subsidiary in China for our cash needs. Any significant revaluation of Renminbi may materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial position reported in Renminbi when translated into U.S. dollars, and the value of, and any dividends payable on, our ordinary shares in U.S. dollars. To the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars into Renminbi for our operations, appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the Renminbi amount we would receive. Conversely, if we decide to convert our Renminbi into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Renminbi would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount.

 

You may face difficulties in protecting your interests and exercising your rights as a shareholder since we conduct substantially all of our operations in China, and most of our officers and directors reside outside the United States.

 

Although we are incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we conduct substantially all of our operations in China. All of our current officers and most of our directors reside outside the U.S. and substantially all of the assets of those persons are located outside of the U.S. It may be difficult for you to conduct due diligence on our company or such directors in your election of the directors and attend shareholders meetings if the meeting is held in China. As a result of all of the above, our public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against our management, directors or major shareholders than would shareholders of a corporation doing business entirely or predominantly within the U.S.

 

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The increased regulatory scrutiny focusing on U.S.-listed companies with significant operations in China in the U.S. could add uncertainties to our business operations, share price and reputation. Although our auditor is subject to inspection by the PCAOB, trading in E-Home’s securities may be prohibited under the HFCA Act if  it is later determined that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely our auditor because of a position taken by an authority in a foreign jurisdiction or any other reasons, as a result, U.S. national securities exchanges, such as the Nasdaq, may determine to delist E-Home’s securities. Furthermore, a legislation entitled “Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023” (“Consolidated Appropriations Act”) was signed into law on December 29, 2022, amending the HFCA Act and require the SEC to prohibit an issuer’s securities from trading on any U.S. stock exchanges if its auditor is not subject to the PCAOB inspections for two consecutive years instead of three.

 

U.S. public companies that have substantially all of their operations in China have been the subject of intense scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity has centered on financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, a lack of effective internal controls over financial accounting, inadequate corporate governance policies or a lack of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud.

 

In recent years, as part of increased regulatory focus in the United States on access to audit information, the United States enacted the HFCA Act in December 2020. The HFCA Act includes requirements for the SEC to identify issuers whose audit reports are prepared by auditors that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a restriction imposed by a non-U.S. authority in the auditor’s local jurisdiction. The HFCA Act also requires public companies on the PCAOB determination list to certify that they are not owned or controlled by a foreign government and make certain additional disclosures in their SEC filings. In addition, if the auditor of a U.S. listed company’s financial statements is not subject to PCAOB inspections for three consecutive “non-inspection” years after the law becomes effective, the SEC is required to prohibit the securities of such issuer from being traded on a U.S. national securities exchange, such as NYSE and Nasdaq, or in U.S. over-the-counter markets. On December 29, 2022, Consolidated Appropriations Act was signed into law, amending the HFCA Act and require the SEC to prohibit an issuer’s securities from trading on U.S. stock exchanges if its auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspections for two consecutive “non-inspection” years instead of three.

 

On December 2, 2021, SEC adopted amendments to finalize rules implementing the submission and disclosure requirements in the HFCA Act. The rules apply to registrants the SEC identifies as having filed an annual report with an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that is located in a foreign jurisdiction and that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate (the “Commission-Identified Issuers”). A Commission-Identified Issuer will be required to comply with the submission and disclosure requirements in the annual report for each year in which it was identified. If a registrant is identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer based on its annual report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, the registrant will be required to comply with the submission or disclosure requirements in its annual report filing covering the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. 

 

On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued its determinations (the “Determination”) that they are unable to inspect or investigate completely PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and in Hong Kong. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB Board determined that the PCAOB was able to secure complete access to inspect and investigate registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong and voted to vacate its previous determinations to the contrary. However, should PRC authorities obstruct or otherwise fail to facilitate the PCAOB’s access in the future, the PCAOB Board will consider the need to issue a new determination.

 

Accordingly, if E-Home is determined by the SEC to be an SEC identified issuer, we will incur additional costs in complying with the submission and disclosure requirements in the annual report for each year in which E-Home is identified. In the event that E-Home is deemed to have had two consecutive “non-inspection” years by the PCAOB, its securities will be prohibited from trading on any national securities exchange or over-the-counter markets in the United States.

 

The lack of access to PCAOB inspections prevents the PCAOB from fully evaluating audits and quality control procedures of the auditors. As a result, investors may be deprived of the benefits of such PCAOB inspections. The inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections of auditors in China and Hong Kong makes it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of these accounting firm’s audit procedures or quality control procedures as compared to auditors outside of China and Hong Kong that are subject to the PCAOB inspections.

 

As an auditor of companies that are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered with the PCAOB, our auditor, Enrome LLP, is not headquartered in mainland China or Hong Kong and was not identified in the report as a firm subject to the PCAOB’s determination on December 16, 2021, which was vacated on December 15, 2022. Enrome LLP is subject to inspection by the PCAOB and the audit work papers of E-Home including those of its Chinese subsidiaries are available for the PCAOB’s inspection.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the future, if it is determined that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely our auditor because of a position taken by an authority in a foreign jurisdiction or any other reasons, the lack of inspection could cause the trading in our securities to be prohibited under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, and as a result Nasdaq may delist our securities. If our securities are unable to be listed on another securities exchange, such a delisting would substantially impair your ability to sell or purchase our securities when you wish to do so, and the risk and uncertainty associated with a potential delisting would have a negative impact on the price of our ordinary shares. Further, new laws and regulations or changes in laws and regulations in both the United States and China could affect our ability to list our ordinary shares on Nasdaq, which could materially impair the market for and market price for our securities.

 

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Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares

 

The trading price of our ordinary shares has been and is likely to continue to be highly volatile, which could result in substantial losses to holders of our ordinary shares.

 

The trading price of our ordinary shares has been and is likely to continue to be highly volatile and could fluctuate widely due to factors beyond our control. This may happen because of broad market and industry factors, like the performance and fluctuation in the market prices or the underperformance or deteriorating financial results of other listed companies based in China. The trading performances of other Chinese companies’ securities may affect the attitudes of investors toward Chinese companies listed in the United States, which consequently may impact the trading performance of our ordinary shares, regardless of our actual operating performance. In addition, any negative news or perceptions about inadequate corporate governance practices or fraudulent accounting, corporate structure or matters of other Chinese companies may also negatively affect the attitudes of investors towards Chinese companies in general, including us, regardless of whether we have conducted any inappropriate activities. Furthermore, securities markets may from time to time experience significant price and volume fluctuations that are not related to our operating performance, which may have a material and adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares.

 

In addition to the above factors, the price and trading volume of our ordinary shares may be highly volatile due to multiple factors, including the following:

 

  regulatory developments affecting us or our industry;
     
  announcements of studies and reports relating to the quality of our services or those of our competitors;
     
  changes in the economic performance or market valuations of similar service providers;
     
  actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly or semi-annual results of operations and changes or revisions of our expected results;
     
  changes in financial estimates by securities research analysts;
     
  conditions in the market for our services;
     
  announcements by us or our competitors of new product and service offerings, acquisitions, strategic relationships, joint ventures, capital raisings or capital commitments;
     
  additions to or departures of our senior management;
     
  fluctuations of exchange rates between the Renminbi and the U.S. dollar;
     
  release or expiry of lock-up or other transfer restrictions on our outstanding shares; and
     
  sales or perceived potential sales of additional ordinary shares.

 

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If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the market price for the shares and trading volume could decline.

 

The trading market for our ordinary shares will depend, in part, on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. If research analysts do not establish and maintain adequate research coverage or if one or more of the analysts who covers us downgrades our ordinary shares or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the market price for our ordinary shares would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which, in turn, could cause the market price or trading volume for our ordinary shares to decline.

 

Because we do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future, you must rely on price appreciation of your shares for return on your investment.

 

We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and growth of our business. As a result, we do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. See “Item 8. Financial Information - Dividend Policy.” Therefore, you should not rely on an investment in our ordinary shares as a source for any future dividend income.

  

Our board of directors has complete discretion as to whether to distribute dividends, subject to certain requirements of Cayman Islands law. In addition, our shareholders may by ordinary resolution declare a dividend, but no dividend may exceed the amount recommended by our directors. Under Cayman Islands law, a Cayman Islands company may pay a dividend out of either profit or share premium account, provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in the company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. Even if our board of directors decides to declare and pay dividends, the timing, amount and form of future dividends, if any, will depend on, among other things, our future results of operations and cash flow, our capital requirements and surplus, the amount of distributions, if any, received by us from our subsidiaries, our financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. Accordingly, the return on your investment in our ordinary shares will likely depend entirely upon any future price appreciation of our ordinary shares. There is no guarantee that our ordinary shares will appreciate in value or even maintain the price at which you purchased your shares. You may not realize a return on your investment and you may even lose your entire investment.

 

Certain judgments obtained against us by our shareholders may not be enforceable.

 

We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. We conduct our operations outside the United States and substantially all of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, substantially all of our directors and executive officers reside outside the United States, and most of their assets are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for you to bring an action against us or against them in the United States in the event that you believe that your rights have been infringed under the U.S. federal securities laws or otherwise. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the Cayman Islands, China or other relevant jurisdiction may render you unable to enforce a judgment against our assets or the assets of our directors and officers.

 

You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law.

 

We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. Our corporate affairs are governed by our memorandum and articles of association, the Companies Act (as Revised) of the Cayman Islands and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders to take action against our directors, actions by our minority shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from the common law of England, the decisions of whose courts are of persuasive authority, but are not binding, on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands have a less developed body of securities laws than the United States. Some U.S. states, such as Delaware, have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law than the Cayman Islands. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States.

 

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Shareholders of Cayman Islands exempted companies like us have no general rights under Cayman Islands law to inspect corporate records or to obtain copies of lists of shareholders of these companies. Our directors have discretion under our memorandum and articles of association to determine whether or not, and under what conditions, our corporate records may be inspected by our shareholders, but are not obliged to make them available to our shareholders. This may make it more difficult for you to obtain the information needed to establish any facts necessary for a shareholder resolution or to solicit proxies from other shareholders in connection with a proxy contest.

 

As a result of all of the above, our public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by our management, members of our board of directors or our controlling shareholders than they would as public shareholders of a company incorporated in the United States. For a discussion of significant differences between the provisions of the Companies Act (as revised) of the Cayman Islands and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the United States and their shareholders. See “Item 10. Additional Information – B. Memorandum and Articles of Association - Description of Share Capital—Differences in Corporate Law.”

 

We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act, and as such we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to U.S. domestic public companies.

 

Because we qualify as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we are exempt from certain provisions of the securities rules and regulations in the United States that are applicable to U.S. domestic issuers, including:

 

  the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the SEC of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q or current reports on Form 8-K;
     
  the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents, or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act;
     
  the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their stock ownership and trading activities and liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time; and
     
  the selective disclosure rules by issuers of material nonpublic information under Regulation FD.

 

We are required to file an annual report on Form 20-F within four months of the end of each fiscal year. In addition, we may publish our results on a quarterly basis as press releases, distributed pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Nasdaq Capital Market. Press releases relating to financial results and material events will also be furnished to the SEC in reports on Form 6-K. However, the information we are required to file with or furnish to the SEC will be less extensive and less timely compared to that required to be filed with the SEC by U.S. domestic issuers. As a result, you may not be afforded the same protections or information that would be made available to you were you investing in a U.S. domestic issuer.

 

As an exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards. These practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they would enjoy if we complied fully with Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards.

 

As an exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands and listed on Nasdaq, we are subject to Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards. However, Nasdaq rules permit a foreign private issuer like us to follow the corporate governance practices of its home country. Certain corporate governance practices in the Cayman Islands, which is our home country, may differ significantly from Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards. Currently, we follow our home country practice in lieu of the provisions under Rule 5620(a), Rule 5635(a), Rule 5635(c) and Rule 5635(d) of the NASDAQ Stock Market Marketplace Rules (the “Rules”) by relying on the exemption provided for foreign private issuers under Marketplace Rule 5615(a)(3). Rule 5620(a) of the Rules requires that the Company to hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the Company’s fiscal year-end; Rule 5635(a) of the Rules requires shareholder approval for the issuance of securities in connection with the acquisition of the stock or assets of another company; Rule 5635(c) of the Rules requires shareholder approval for share incentive plans; and Rule 5635(d) of the Rules requires shareholder approval for the issuance of securities, other than in a public offering, equal to 20% or more of the voting power outstanding before the issuance for less than the greater of book or market value of the stock. The corporate governance practice in our home country, the Cayman Islands, does not require the Company to follow or comply with the requirements of Rule 5620(a), Rule 5635(a), Rule 5635(c) and Rule 5635(d). We will continue to comply with other corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq Listing Rules. However, we may consider following home country practice in lieu of additional requirements under the Nasdaq Listing Rules with respect to certain corporate governance standards in the future which may afford less protection to investors.

 

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Our executive officer and major shareholder have entered into a voting agreement to vote in concert, which provides concentration of ownership and voting power to them and increases their influence on shareholder decisions.

 

Our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Wenshan Xie, wholly owns E-home Group Limited, which in turn owns approximately 30.43% of our outstanding ordinary shares. On February 1, 2019, E-home Group Limited entered into a voting agreement with Lucky Max Global Limited, pursuant to which, for a term of 20 years, Lucky Max Global Limited agreed to vote consistently with E-home Group Limited in the exercise all of its rights as a shareholder of our company. Lucky Max Global Limited owns approximately 14.61% of our outstanding ordinary shares. As a result, Mr. Xie, through E-home Group Limited, could be deemed to currently have voting power over approximately 45.04% of our outstanding ordinary shares and accordingly, possesses substantial ability to impact our management and affairs and the outcome of matters submitted to shareholders for approval. This concentration of ownership and voting power may also discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares as part of a sale of our company and might reduce the price of our ordinary shares.

 

There is a risk that we will be a passive foreign investment company for any taxable year, which could result in adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. investors in our ordinary shares.

 

In general, a non-U.S. corporation is a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for any taxable year in which (i) 75% or more of its gross income consists of passive income or (ii) 50% or more of the average quarterly value of its assets consists of assets that produce, or are held for the production of, passive income. For purposes of the above calculations, a non-U.S. corporation that owns at least 25% by value of the shares of another corporation is treated as if it held its proportionate share of the assets of the other corporation and received directly its proportionate share of the income of the other corporation. Passive income generally includes dividends, interest, rents, royalties and certain gains. Cash is a passive asset for these purposes.

 

Based on the expected composition of our income and assets and the value of our assets, including goodwill, we do not expect to be a PFIC for our current taxable year. However, the proper application of the PFIC rules to a company with a business such as ours is not entirely clear. Because the proper characterization of certain components of our income and assets is not entirely clear, and because our PFIC status for any taxable year will depend on the composition of our income and assets and the value of our assets from time to time (which may be determined, in part, by reference to the market price of our ordinary shares, which could be volatile), there can be no assurance that we will not be a PFIC for our current taxable year or any future taxable year.

  

If we were a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. investor holds ordinary shares, certain adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences could apply to such U.S. investor. See “Item 10. Additional Information-E. Taxation – United States Federal Income Taxation – Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules.”

 

General Risk Factors

 

Any damage to our reputation or our brand or failure to enhance our brand recognition may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

Developing, maintaining and expanding our reputation and brand with customers, service providers and others is critical to our success. Our brand may suffer if our marketing plans or goals are unsuccessful. The importance of our brand and demand for our services may decrease if competitors offer services with benefits similar to or as effective as our services and at lower costs to customers. Although we maintain procedures to ensure the quality of our services, we may be unable to detect or prevent customer service issues that arise at the time our services are being provided to customers. If any of our service providers cause injury to property or persons, we may incur material expenses for damages, and also may be subject to liability claims, which could damage our reputation and brand substantially. 

 

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If we are unable to attract, recruit, train, develop and retain qualified personnel or sufficient workforce while controlling our labor costs, our business may be materially and adversely affected.

 

Recruiting and retaining highly qualified personnel is critical to our success. These demands may require us to hire additional personnel and will require our existing management personnel to develop additional expertise. We face intense competition for personnel. The failure to attract and retain personnel or to develop such expertise could delay, halt or reduce the sales of our services. If we experience difficulties in hiring and retaining personnel in key positions, we could suffer from delays in our development, loss of customers and sales and diversion of management resources, which could adversely affect operating results. Our present and future employees or independent contractors may be employed by third parties and may have commitments under contracts with third parties that may limit their availability to us.

   

If we are not able to develop enhancements and new features to our existing services or acceptable new services that keep pace with technological developments, our business will be harmed.

 

If we are unable to develop enhancements to and new features for our existing services or acceptable new services that keep pace with rapid technological developments, our business will be harmed. The success of enhancements, new features and services depends on several factors, including the timely completion, introduction and market acceptance of the feature. Failure in this regard may significantly impair our revenue growth. In addition, because our services are designed to be accessible on a variety of network hardware and software platforms using a standard browser, we will need to continuously modify and enhance our services to keep pace with changes in internet-related hardware, software, communication, browser and database technologies. We may not be successful in either developing these modifications and enhancements or in timely bringing them to market. Furthermore, uncertainties about the timing and nature of new network platforms or technologies, or modifications to existing platforms or technologies, could increase our research and development expenses. Any failure of our service to operate effectively with future network platforms and technologies could reduce the demand for our services, result in customer dissatisfaction and harm our business.

 

Assertions by third parties of infringement, misappropriation or other violation by us of their intellectual property rights could result in significant costs and substantially harm our business and operating results.

 

In recent years, there has been significant litigation involving intellectual property rights in many industries. Any infringement, misappropriation or related claims, whether or not meritorious, is time-consuming, diverts technical and management personnel and is costly to resolve. As a result of any such dispute, we may have to develop non-infringing technology, pay damages, enter into royalty or licensing agreements, cease providing our services or take other actions to resolve the claims. These actions, if required, may be costly or unavailable on terms acceptable to us. Any of these events could result in increases in operating expenses, limit our service offerings or result in a loss of business.

 

A cybersecurity incident could have a negative impact on our business and results of operations.

 

A cyber-attack may bypass the security for our IT systems causing a security breach and lead to a material disruption of our systems and/or the loss of business information and/or sales. Such a cyber-attack could result in any of the following:

 

  theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation or release of confidential data or intellectual property;
     
  operational or business delays resulting from the disruption of IT systems and subsequent clean-up and mitigation activities;
     
  negative publicity resulting in reputation or brand damage with our customers, partners or industry peers; and
     
  loss of sales.

 

As a result, our business and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

 

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ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

 

A. History and Development of the Company

 

General Information

 

The current legal name of the Company is E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited. The Company was incorporated in the Cayman Islands on September 24, 2018. Our principal executive office is located at is E-Home, 18/F, East Tower, Building B, Dongbai Center, Yangqiao Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou City 350001, People’s Republic of China. Our telephone number is (+86) 591-87590668.

 

Corporate History

 

We were incorporated as an exempted company with limited liability under the laws of the Cayman Islands on September 24, 2018 to serve as a holding company for our PRC operations.

 

On October 16, 2018, we established E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited as a wholly-owned subsidiary in Hong Kong. E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited is a holding company and holds all of the equity interests of E-Home WFOE, which was established in the PRC on December 5, 2018. In February 2019, E-Home WFOE entered into contractual arrangements with E-Home Pingtan and Fuzhou Bangchang, two limited liability companies established under the laws of the PRC on April 1, 2014 and March 15, 2007, respectively, and their shareholders.

 

On May 14, 2021, our ordinary shares commenced trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “EJH.” On May 18, 2021, the Company completed the closing of its initial public offering of 5,575,556 ordinary shares at a public offering price of $4.50 per ordinary share, including 20,000 ordinary shares issued upon the partial exercise of the over-allotment option by Joseph Stone Capital, LLC, who acted as the representative of underwriters for the initial public offering. The offering was conducted on a firm commitment basis.

 

On October 18, 2021, E-Home WFOE entered into an equity transfer agreement with each of E-Home Pingtan and Fuzhou Bangchang and their respective shareholders, pursuant to which E-Home WFOE exercised the options to acquire all of the equity interests in each of E-Home Pingtan and Fuzhou Bangchang from their respective shareholders. Upon the registration of the equity transfers with the local governmental authorities as of October 27, 2021, the equity transfers were closed, the company’s VIE structure was dissolved and each of E-Home Pingtan and Fuzhou Bangchang became a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of the Company.

 

On June 14, 2022 and July 8, 2022, the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary, E-Home Hong Kong, entered into an equity transfer agreement with Zhongrun, a limited liability company established in China, and Ms. Ling Chen, the sole shareholder of Zhongrun, pursuant to which Ms. Chen agreed to transfer 55% and 20% of the equity interests in Zhongrun to E-Home Hong Kong. On July 30, 2022, the Company’s board of directors approved to acquire 100% of the equity interests of Chuangying and its subsidiaries from Lin Jianying.

 

Such transactions mentioned above allowed E-Home WFOE to have control over E-Home Pingtan, Fuzhou Bangchang, Zhongrun and Chuangying and their subsidiaries based and upon which we consolidated E-Home Pingtan, Fuzhou Bangchang, Zhongrun and Chuangying and their subsidiaries into our financial statements for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023.

 

E-Home Pingtan is a holding company of the following subsidiaries: (i) 100% of the equity interests of Fuzhou Yongheng Xin Electric Co., Ltd., a limited liability company established under the laws of the PRC on October 12, 2004; (ii) 100% of the equity interests of Fujian Happiness Yijia Family Service Co., Ltd., a limited liability company established under the laws of the PRC on January 19, 2015; and (iii) 100% of the equity interests of Danyang Fumao Health Development Co., Ltd., a limited liability company established under the laws of the PRC on June 23, 2021. E-Home Pingtan also holds 20% of the equity interests of Fuzhou Fumao Health Science and Technology Co., Ltd. (“Fuzhou Fumao”), previously named Fuzhou Yiyanbao Information Technology Co., Ltd., a limited liability company established under the laws of the PRC on August 12, 2016. E-Home Pingtan reduced its shareholding in Fuzhou Fumao from 67% to 20% as of September 15, 2021 by completing the registration of the transfer of 47% equity interests in Fuzhou Fumao to certain individuals with local governmental authorities.

 

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Corporate Structure

 

All of our business operations are conducted through our Chinese subsidiaries. The chart below presents our current corporate structure:

 

 

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B. Business Overview

 

General

 

We are a household service company based in Fuzhou, China. We provide integrated household services through our website and WeChat platform, “e家快服” (“E-Home”), across 21 provinces in China. Currently, these services primarily include home appliance services and housekeeping services. For our home appliance services, we partner with individuals and service stores which provide the technicians to deliver the on-site services. We have partnerships with more than 2,000 individuals and service stores providing these services in China. For our housekeeping services, we primarily partner with individual service providers who serve as independent contractors. We currently have more than 2,800 cleaners providing our housekeeping or care services. Our online platform integrates these offline service providers, which helps them to gain a larger customer base, and provides professional and reliable one-stop household services to our customers.

 

In July 2015, we successfully transitioned from an outsourcing after-market service provider of home appliances and building materials to an operator of home appliance services. In January 2018, we officially became an integrated household service provider after expanding our service portfolio from distribution, installation, repair and maintenance of home appliances to delivery, installation, repair and maintenance of home appliances, home-moving and house cleaning. In addition, we have launched and are actively promoting our senior care services. We plan to further expand our business to include smart community services, as well as sales of smart home supplementary merchandise. We currently have approximately 528 employees to support our operations.

 

The focus of our integrated household services will be adjusted based on different seasons and different locations. Most our home appliance services are conducted in Shandong, Henan and Hunan provinces, while our housekeeping and care services are mainly conducted in Fujian, Shandong and Guangxi provinces. We received over 1,273,111 and 1,319,141 service orders in the fiscal years ended June 30, 2022 and 2023, respectively. We believe that all services ordered were successfully delivered.

 

We operate our business mainly by receiving the orders online and providing the services offline. Our online platform includes our website and WeChat platform. Customers order services and complete payments online. After our system automatically matches an order to the corresponding service provider, the service provider receives the order and arranges for a technician/cleaner to deliver the on-site service. We are committed to raising our service quality and improving the efficiency of our platform operation, which would ultimately improve the customer experience. After the services are delivered, customers can upload their evaluations on the platform and our customer service team will follow up with customers and get their feedback.

 

We market our brand and services through multiple channels, both online and offline. Online marketing is mainly done through WeChat events. Offline services are mainly promoted by clients from communities, institutions, training agencies and firms through peer-to-peer marketing. We also aim to deliver premium services to garner strong word-of-mouth referrals and enhance our brand recognition. The number of our registered members increased to more than 4,450,000 for the year ended June 30, 2023 and 3,600,000 for the year ended June 30, 2022 from about 2,800,000 for the year ended June 30, 2021. Registered members are those customers who followed our WeChat official account and provided their profiles, including their phone numbers or WeChat User IDs. Most of the orders for our services are placed from our registered members; therefore, we believe that the number of registered members is a key metric for our operations.

 

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We have invested heavily in expanding and upgrading our business. In 2017, we acquired 67% of Fujian Happiness Yijia Family Service Co., Ltd. and 100% of Fuzhou Yongheng Xin Electric Co., Ltd. to support the expansion of our integrated household services and the training of our service providers. In 2021, we entered into equity transfer agreements to acquire 33% of Fujian Happiness Yijia Family Service Co., Ltd. (67% of which was previously owned by us). On June 14, 2022 and July 8, 2022, we and our wholly owned subsidiary, E-Home Hong Kong, entered into an equity transfer agreement with Zhongrun, a limited liability company established in China, and Ms. Ling Chen, the sole shareholder of Zhongrun, pursuant to which Ms. Chen agreed to transfer 55% and 20% of the equity interests in Zhongrun to E-Home Hong Kong. On July 30, 2022, our board of directors approved to acquire 100% of the equity interests of Chuangying and its subsidiaries from Lin Jianying. As of the date of this report, the above acquisitions have been closed.

 

During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, our business operations were adversely affected by the strict lockdown requirement for control of COVID-19 in China. For the year ended June 30, 2022, our revenue decreased to approximately $63.75 million from approximately $74.53 million for the year ended June 30, 2021, representing a decrease of approximately 14.46%, and our net income (loss) decreased from approximately a net profit of approximately $6.40 million to a net loss of approximately $5.43 million, representing a decrease of approximately 184.85%.

 

During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, our business operation remained stable. For the year ended June 30, 2023, our revenue increased to approximately $68.32 million from approximately $63.75 million for the year ended June 30, 2022, representing an increase of approximately 7.17%, and our net loss increased to approximately $36.24 million from $5.43 million for the year ended June 30, 2022, representing an increase of approximately 567.42%.

 

Our Services

 

Currently, our services mainly include home appliance services, housekeeping services and senior care services. Our test operations for senior care services began in February 2019 and have so far generated a growing revenue from this new segment. We also generate revenues from sales of pharmaceutical products and devices in PRC, and from providing educational consulting services through the subsidiaries we acquired during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023.

 

Installation and Maintenance

 

We respond to service requests from homeowners who require assistance with technical home appliance installation and repair issues. We help customers protect and maintain their home system and appliance from unplanned breakdowns of essential home systems and appliances, which are typically expensive. We provide customers with efficient and convenient home appliance services such as installation, repair, maintenance and other after sale services. Our service providers are primarily located in rural-urban fringe areas of 21 provinces in China, and Shandong, Henan and Hunan provinces are the three provinces that have the most service providers.

 

Our home appliance services cover all the main types of home appliances, including traditional home appliances such as refrigerators, stoves, air conditioners, water heaters, and washing machines. The services are provided all year long, but we focus on different kinds of home appliances during different times of the year. January to March is the busy season for hoods, gas stoves and water heaters; April to August is the busy season for refrigerators and air conditioners; and September to December is the busy season for televisions and washing machines.

 

Customers can place an order on our website or WeChat platform and fill in the detailed information including the address to be served, phone number, contact person, appointment service time and service items. After verifying the validity of this order, the service fee and the payment method, our obligation to provide the service is determined. Our customer service center will allocate the order to the corresponding service provider, pass the service information to that service provider, and the service provider will send a technician to provide on-site services based on the order information according to our instructions. Technicians are required to deliver the service on time and efficiently in accordance with our service guidelines, and respond on our platform after completion of the order. After the services are delivered, customers can upload their evaluations on the platform and our customer service team will follow up with customers and get their feedback. The customer service center will close the order according to customer’s evaluation and technician’s response. If the customer has already identified the reason for the malfunction of the home appliance that needs to be repaired, the charge for this order could be paid in full online directly after the order’s placement, but if the reason could not be identified, an upfront visit fee would be charged, and after our technician identifies the problem, the customer can fill the price difference online, or make a money-transfer by mobile phone or bank.

 

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Our customers are normally asked to pay the unpaid balance through WeChat Pay or Alipay to our accounts so that we receive the payments immediately. If the customer does not have WeChat or Alipay accounts, our service providers will accept cash payments from them and the service providers have thirty days to wire the payments to the bank accounts designated by us according to the agreement that we entered into with them. If the customer refuses to pay, we will communicate with the customer directly. Depending on the reasons for nonpayment, we may either request the service provider to fix the service problems or request the customer to pay. If the customer continues to fail to pay after a satisfactory service is provided and the service provider is unable to collect from the customer, the service provider has no obligation to pay us, nor are we obligated to pay the service provider. Our agreements with the service providers do not have a provision requiring the service providers to pay us or requiring us to pay the service providers in this situation. For accounting purposes, we will treat the failure of payment by the customer as a bad debt. Historically, we have not experienced collection problems from customers.

 

We aim to provide the best service experience to customers. If a customer complains about the quality of the work, we evaluate the complaint and if valid, arrange for additional service or make a full refund including the upfront fee. Our customers normally pay us directly by using WeChat or Alipay immediately after the completion of ordered services.

 

As part of our installation and maintenance services, we also sell accessories when they need to be replaced during the provision of our home appliance services. The main types of accessories that we sell are control panels, electric boards, condensers, and compressors. Prices for these accessories range from RMB400 to RMB700 (approximately from $55.36 to $96.88). However, the price of some accessories such as TV screens could be much higher-up to RMB1,600 (approximately $221.43).

 

We purchase accessories from suppliers through unified purchasing channels, and the suppliers will distribute the accessories directly to our service providers. Service providers provide price information of the accessories before they provide relevant services to end customers.

 

We enter into a cooperation agreement with each of the individual service providers and service stores that provide our installation and maintenance services. Under our standard cooperation agreement, we agree to recommend customers to the service provider and assist it in conducting its business, and the service provider agrees to provide the services. The term of our standard cooperation agreement is for five years and may be terminated by either party if (i) such party’s business is suspended by governmental authorities; (ii) the parties have material disputes in the course of operation and fail to settle through friendly consultation; or (iii) parties fail to reach a renewal agreement before the contract expires. In addition, the service provider may terminate the cooperation agreement if our company is facing serious business operation difficulties, or committed fraud against customers and other serious illegal activities, and we may terminate the cooperation agreement if the service provider is facing serious operation difficulties, or committed fraud against customers, misappropriation of customer funds, or other serious illegal activities, or the internal management of the service provider has material issues that may have a material adverse impact on its ordinary course of business. Our standard cooperation agreement also contains a customary confidentiality provision. We have partnerships with more than 2,000 individuals and service stores in China. We normally receive approximately 40% of the fees for the services and the service provider receives approximately 60% of the fees, although terms will vary.

 

We are actively developing new business lines to diversify our revenue sources. In February 2019, we launched a home appliance service package for customers, whereby the customer pays a flat annual fee for the package, and we provide a warranty for a certain amount of customer’s home appliances.

 

In addition, from time to time we enter into appliances installation and maintenance and cleaning services cooperation agreements with various companies, which pursuant to the agreements outsource their businesses of appliances installation and maintenance and cleaning services to us. Such agreements typically have a term of three years and require us to pay certain amount of security deposits to ensure that we will provide required services according to the agreements. The deposits will be returned to us after the expiration of the agreements.

 

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Revenue from installation and maintenance services increased by $1,159,238, or 2.90%, to $41,177,200 for the year ended June 30, 2023 from $40,017,962 for the year ended June 30, 2022. Revenue from installation and maintenance services accounted for 60.27% of our total revenue for the year ended June 30, 2023, as compared to 62.77% for the year ended June 30, 2022. Due to the impact of COVID-19, revenue from installation and maintenance services decreased by 22.36% to approximately $40.02 million for the year ended June 30, 2022 from approximately $51.55 million for the year ended June 30, 2021. Installation and maintenance services accounted for approximately 62.77% and 69.17% of our total revenue for the years ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Such decrease was primarily due to the strict COVID-19 lockdown requirements throughout China.

 

Housekeeping

 

In January 2018, we began providing housekeeping services, which include housecleaning, and maternity matron. Our current standard charge for housecleaning services is about RMB 50 (approximately $6.92) per hour. The minimum order for housecleaning services is four hours. During our fiscal year ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, we served approximately 856,500 and 739,900 customers, respectively.

 

Customers can place an order through our WeChat platform and pay a service fee for housecleaning or a referral fee for the services. Approximately 90% of our customers are urban residents, particularly white-collar workers. We currently have more than 2,800 cleaners providing our housekeeping services. In most cases, the same cleaner will be assigned to the same customer so that they can build trust and long-term relationships with their customers to provide services with better quality. We highly value the standard of our housekeeping services and we constantly improve the service quality by building up our training system and regularly training our service providers.

 

We enter into housekeeping service agreements with each of our service providers. Under our standard housekeeping service agreement, the service provider is assigned certain customers and agrees to provide the services for that customer in accordance with our rules and procedures. As compensation, we are paying the service provider monthly at an hourly rate of RMB40 (approximately $5.54) per hour. A service provider typically works for about 120 hours per month. These service providers are considered independent contractors and not employees, so we are not required to obtain labor, medical or other insurance for the service providers. We provide the service providers with access to our ordering platforms. The service providers are not permitted to accept cash from customers. All payments by customers must be made through our platforms. We also provide the service providers with necessary training. After orders are completed, we obtain customer feedback and work with the service providers to address any issues. Our standard housekeeping service agreement is for a term of one (1) year and may be terminated by either party for cause. The agreement may also be terminated by us if the customer accepts customer payments directly and such violation is material.

 

Revenue from housekeeping services amounted to $17,210,122 for the year ended June 30, 2023, representing an increase of $869,212, or 5.32%, from $16,340,910 for the year ended June 30, 2022. Revenue from housekeeping services accounted for 25.19% of our total revenue for the year ended June 30, 2023, as compared to 25.63% for the year ended June 30, 2022. Revenue from housekeeping services amounted to approximately $16.34 million, or 25.63% of total revenue, for the year ended June 30, 2022, representing a decrease by approximately $0.45 million, or 2.69%, from approximately $16.79 million for the year ended June 30, 2021.

 

Senior Care Services

 

We have launched and are actively promoting our senior care services. We began test operations for these services in February 2019 and generated approximately $7.39 million and $6.52 million of revenues during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022 and 2023, respectively. This service primarily targets the senior population over 60 years old. We are partnering with senior associations to develop an internet based at-home senior care service program. As part of this program, we developed a customizable smart wristwatch with functions such as time, blood pressure measurement, heart rate measurement, pedometer, locator, and calling. The manufacture of this smart watch is outsourced to Guangzhou 100ecare Technology Ltd., or Guangzhou 100ecare, a Shenzhen based professional smart products manufacturer. Guangzhou 100ecare also provides relevant technical services to us so that we can receive real-time customer physical conditions transmitted from their smart wristwatches, such as heart rates, blood pressures and locations.

 

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We offer free watches to beginning level customers and charge them an annual fee, which is currently RMB599 (approximately $82.89). Half of this fee is to pay for the services provided by community doctors, who establish health records for customers and provide them basic health consultation services, including Traditional Chinese Medicine consultation. The remaining half is collected by us. We receive the customer’s heart rate, blood pressure changes and location, and connect to community doctors in real time. We will charge additional fees if our customers request extra services, such as accompanying the customers to hospitals for treatment, preparing Chinese herbal decoctions or assigning personnel to take care of the seniors. To promote our senior care services, we offer certain incentives and discounts for the services such as installation and maintenance services and housekeeping services when requested by our watch users. For instance, we waive visit fees and only charge material fees if they use our installation and maintenance services. These customers will be able to go to our senior care center to enjoy a series of services including nursery, medical and housekeeping until their natural death. Advanced level customer services are exclusively offered to seniors over 60 years old. We currently only have beginning level customers.

 

As of June 30, 2023, we had received about 203,910 senior care orders. We are cooperating with about 75 community doctors and have ordered approximately 153,500 smart wristwatches and leased 60 cars as well as 3 villas to support and develop our senior care services. With Guangzhou 100ecare we have developed a system, which is used in our services to help our customers monitor main health indicators like heart rate and blood pressure.

 

Sales and Marketing

 

We have invested in building a broad sales force and marketing team. As of June 30, 2023, we had 450 full-time sales and marketing personnel, each of whom is responsible for a designated sales region. Our general marketing efforts are designed to build brand awareness and reputation. We market our services to both homeowners and businesses through online and offline marketing activities, including advertisements via various social media channels such as WeChat, marketing partnerships, various offline marketing events hosted by our local employees, and through our sales teams. We offer service discounts or promotions from time to time to stimulate customer orders. We launch different service events based on different seasons. For example, people tend to maintain and clean their air conditioners between April and May, so we will mainly promote and provide home appliance services in this time period each year.

 

Customers

 

Our customers mainly include individuals and families. We have no single customer that accounts for more than ten percent of our consolidated revenue. Additionally, no reportable segment has a single customer that accounts for more than ten percent of its revenue. None of our reportable segments are dependent on a single customer or a few customers, the loss of which would have a material adverse effect on the segment.

 

Competition

 

We compete in residential and commercial services industries, focusing on home appliance installation and maintenance, accessories sales, housekeeping services and senior care services. We compete with many other companies in the sale of our services. The principal methods of competition in our businesses include quality and speed of service, brand awareness and reputation, customer satisfaction, pricing and promotions, professional sales forces, service provider network and referrals. While we compete with a broad range of competitors in each discrete segment, we do not believe that any of our competitors provides all of the services we provide in all of the segments we serve. All of the primary segments in which we operate are highly fragmented.

 

Competition for home appliance installation and maintenance services comes mainly from regional providers. Our primary direct competitors include China Union Guarantee and RRS.

 

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Competition in the segment for housekeeping services comes mainly from local, independently-owned firms, and from a few larger companies such as Homeking and 58Daojia.

 

Competition in the segment for senior case services comes mainly from independently-owned regional providers.

 

Information Technology

 

We have invested in information systems and software packages designed to allow us to grow efficiently and scale across our organization, while retaining local and regional flexibility. We believe this capability provides us with a competitive advantage in our operations. Our sophisticated IT systems enable us to provide a high level of convenience and service to our customers. Our websites and customer-facing platforms, which operate and are staffed 24 hours a day, seven days a week, are able to take customer service requests, respond to customer questions and promptly assign service providers to a job.

 

Intellectual Property

 

We regard our trademarks, domain names, copyrights, know-how, proprietary technologies and similar intellectual property as critical to our success, and we rely on trademark and trade secret laws and confidentiality, invention assignment and non-compete agreements with our employees and others to protect our proprietary rights. We have registered four trademarks, including “e家快服” (“E-Home”), in the PRC and 10 software copyrights in the PRC. We are the registered holder of 1 domain name for our website: www.ej111.com.

 

Insurance

 

We provide social security insurance including pension insurance, unemployment insurance, work-related injury insurance, maternity insurance and medical insurance for our employees. We also provide additional commercial medical insurance coverage for our key management. We do not maintain business interruption insurance, general third-party liability insurance, product liability insurance or key-man insurance. We consider our insurance coverage to be sufficient for our business operations in China and in line with market practice.

 

Regulations

 

This section sets forth a summary of the most significant laws, rules and regulations that affect our business activities in the PRC or our shareholders’ rights to receive dividends and other distributions from us.

 

Regulations Relating to Foreign Investment

 

Investment activities in the PRC by foreign investors are governed by the Guiding Foreign Investment Direction, which was promulgated by the State Council in February 2002 and came into effect in April 2002, and the Special Administrative Measures for the Access of Foreign Investment (Negative List), or the Negative List, which was promulgated by the Ministry of Commerce of the PRC (“MOFCOM”), and the National Development and Reform Commission (“NDRC”), in June 2020 and came into effect in July 2020. The Negative List sets out the restrictive measures in a unified manner, such as the requirements on shareholding percentages and management, for the access of foreign investments, and the industries that are prohibited from receiving foreign investment. The Negative List covers 12 industries, and any field not falling under the Negative List shall be administered under the principle of equal treatment to domestic and foreign investment.

 

Foreign Investment Law of the PRC, or the Foreign Investment Law, was promulgated by the NPC in March 2019 and came into effect in January 2020. When the Foreign Investment Law came into effect, the Law on Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprises of the PRC, the Law on Sino-foreign Equity Joint Ventures of the PRC and the Law on Sino-foreign Cooperative Joint Ventures of the PRC were repealed simultaneously. The investment activities of foreign natural persons, enterprises or other organizations (collectively, the “foreign investors”) directly or indirectly within the territory of China shall comply with and be governed by the Foreign Investment Law. Such activities include: 1) establishing by foreign investors of foreign-invested enterprises in China alone or jointly with other investors; 2) acquiring by foreign investors of shares, equity, property shares, or other similar interests of Chinese domestic enterprises; 3) investing by foreign investors in new projects in China alone or jointly with other investors; and 4) other forms of investment prescribed by laws, administrative regulations or the State Council.

 

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In December 2019, the State Council promulgated the Regulations on Implementing the Foreign Investment Law of the PRC, which came into effect in January 2020. When the Regulations on Implementing the Foreign Investment Law of the PRC came into effect, the Regulation on Implementing the Sino-Foreign Equity Joint Venture Enterprise Law of the PRC, Provisional Regulations on the Duration of Sino-Foreign Equity Joint Venture Enterprise, the Regulations on Implementing the Wholly Foreign-Invested Enterprise Law of the PRC and the Regulations on Implementing the Sino-Foreign Cooperative Joint Venture Enterprise Law of the PRC were repealed simultaneously. In accordance with the Regulations on Implementing the Foreign Investment Law of the PRC, according to the needs for national economic and social development, the State shall formulate a catalogue of industries for which foreign investment is encouraged to list the specific industries, fields and regions in which foreign investors are encouraged and guided to invest. On January 27, 2021, the Catalogue of Industries for Encouraging Foreign Investment (2020 Version) which was promulgated by NDRC and MOC became effective and the “household services” falls with the catalogue.

 

In December 2019, the MOFCOM and the State Administration for Market Regulation (“SAMR”) promulgated the Measures on Reporting of Foreign Investment Information, which came into effect in January 2020. When the Measures on Reporting of Foreign Investment Information came into effect, the Interim Measures for the Administration of Filing for Establishment and Changes in Foreign Investment Enterprises were repealed simultaneously. Since January 1, 2020, for foreign investors carrying out investment activities directly or indirectly in China, the foreign investors or foreign-invested enterprises shall submit investment information to the relevant commerce administrative authorities according to the Measure on Reporting of Foreign Investment Information. A listed foreign-funded company may, when the change of foreign investors’ shareholding ratio cumulatively exceeds 5% or the foreign party’s controlling or relatively controlling status changes, report the information on the change of investors and the shares held by them.

 

We are engaged in the business of household services, appliance maintenance and repair and senior care, none of which falls within the Negative List. Therefore, there are no restrictions on foreign investment in the industries where we operate.

 

Regulations Relating to Internet Information Security

 

In 1997, the Ministry of Public Security promulgated measures that prohibit use of the internet in ways which, among other things, result in a leakage of state secrets or a spread of socially destabilizing content. If an internet information service provider violates these measures, the Ministry of Public Security and the local security bureaus may revoke its operating license and shut down its websites.

 

Internet information in China is regulated and restricted from a national security standpoint. The Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress has enacted the Decisions on Maintaining Internet Security on December 28, 2000 and further amended on August 27, 2009, which may subject violators to criminal punishment in China for any effort to: (i) gain improper entry into a computer or system of strategic importance; (ii) disseminate politically disruptive information; (iii) leak state secrets; (iv) spread false commercial information; or (v) infringe intellectual property rights.

 

The PRC Cybersecurity Law was promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on November 7, 2016 and became effective on June 1, 2017. Under this regulation, network operators, including online lending information service providers, shall comply with laws and regulations and fulfill their obligations to safeguard security of the network when conducting business and providing services, and take all necessary measures pursuant to laws, regulations and compulsory national requirements to safeguard the safe and stable operation of the networks, respond to network security incidents effectively, prevent illegal and criminal activities, and maintain the integrity, confidentiality and usability of network data.

 

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On April 13, 2020, the Cyberspace Administration of China (“CAC”), the NDRC, the MIIT, and several other governmental authorities jointly issued the Cybersecurity Review Measures, which came into effect on June 1, 2020. According to the Cybersecurity Review Measures, the purchase of cyber products and services including core network equipment, high-performance computers and servers, mass storage devices, large databases and application software, network security equipment, cloud computing services, and other products and services that have an important impact on the security of critical information infrastructure which affects or may affect national security is subject to cybersecurity review by the Cybersecurity Review Office.

 

On February 15, 2022, the Cyberspace Review Measures took effect. The scope of review extends to critical information infrastructure operators, data processors carrying out data processing activities, and national security risks related to a non-PRC listing, especially the “risks of core data, important data or substantial personal information being stolen, leaked, damaged, illegally used or exported; risks of Critical Information Infrastructure, core data, important data or substantial personal information data being affected, controlled and maliciously used by foreign governments after a foreign listing.” According to Article 6 of the Cyberspace Review Measures, operators who possess personal information of over a million users shall apply to the Cybersecurity Review Office for cybersecurity reviews before listing abroad. Besides, where any activities affect or may endanger national security during the purchase of network products and services by key information infrastructure operators or the data processing by data workers, cybersecurity reviews should be conducted in accordance with the Cyberspace Review Measures. 

 

On June 10, 2021, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of China promulgated the Data Security Law which took effect on September 1, 2021. The Data Security Law provides for data security and privacy obligations on entities and individuals carrying out data activities. Any organization or individual that collects data shall do so in a lawful and legitimate manner and shall not obtain data by stealing or other illegal means. The Data Security Law also introduces a data classification and hierarchical protection system based on the importance of data in economic and social development, as well as the degree of harm it will cause to national security, public interests, or legitimate rights and interests of individuals or organizations when such data is tampered with, destroyed, leaked, or illegally acquired or used, and appropriate level of protection measures is required to be taken for the respective categories of data, for example, the processor of important data shall designate the personnel and management institution responsible for the data security, carry out risk assessment for its data processing activities and file the risk assessment report with the competent authorities. In addition, the Data Security Law provides for a national security review procedure for those data activities which may affect national security and imposes export restrictions on certain data and information.

 

On July 6, 2021, certain PRC regulatory authorities issued Opinions on Strictly Cracking Down on Illegal Securities Activities, to improve relevant laws and regulations on data security, crossborder data transmission, and confidential information management. It provided that efforts will be made to revise the regulations on strengthening the confidentiality and file management relating to the offering and listing of securities overseas, to implement the responsibility on information security of overseas listed companies, and to strengthen the standardized management of cross-border information provision mechanisms and procedures.

 

We have, in accordance with relevant provisions on network security of the PRC, established necessary mechanisms to protect information security, including, among others, adopting necessary network security protection technologies such as anti-virus firewalls, intrusion detection and data encryption, keeping record of network logs, and implementing information classification framework.

 

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Regulations Relating to Privacy Protection

 

The Several Provisions on Regulating the Market Order of Internet Information Services, issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in December 2011, provide that, an internet information service provider may not collect any user personal information or provide any such information to third parties without the consent of a user. An internet information service provider must expressly inform the users of the method, content and purpose of the collection and processing of such user personal information and may only collect such information necessary for the provision of its services. An internet information service provider is also required to properly maintain the user personal information, and in case of any leak or likely leak of the user personal information, online lending service providers must take immediate remedial measures and, in severe circumstances, make an immediate report to the telecommunications regulatory authority.

 

In addition, pursuant to the Decision on Strengthening the Protection of Online Information issued by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress in December 2012 and the Order for the Protection of Telecommunication and Internet User Personal Information issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in July 2013, any collection and use of user personal information must be subject to the consent of the user, abide by the principles of legality, rationality and necessity and be within the specified purposes, methods and scopes.

 

The Guidelines jointly released by ten PRC regulatory agencies in July 2015 purport, among other things, to require service providers to improve technology security standards, and safeguard user and transaction information. The Guidelines also prohibit service providers from illegally selling or disclosing users’ personal information. Pursuant to the Ninth Amendment to the Criminal Law issued by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress in August 2015, which became effective in November 2015, any internet service provider that fails to fulfill the obligations related to internet information security administration as required by applicable laws and refuses to rectify upon orders is subject to criminal penalty for the result of (i) any dissemination of illegal information in large scale; (ii) any severe effect due to the leakage of the client’s information; (iii) any serious loss of criminal evidence; or (iv) other severe situation, and any individual or entity that (i) sells or provides personal information to others in a way violating the applicable law, or (ii) steals or illegally obtain any personal information is subject to criminal penalty in severe situation.

 

On August 20, 2021, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of China promulgated the Personal Information Protection Law that will take effect on November 1, 2021, which provides for various requirements on personal information protection, including legal bases for data collection and processing, requirements on data localization and cross-border data transfer, and requirements for consent and requirements on processing sensitive personal information. The Personal Information Protection Law apply to the activities of processing the personal data of natural persons within the territory of the PRC. The individual’s consent shall be obtained to process personal data in accordance with other relevant provisions of this Law, subject to certain exceptions stipulated in this Law.

 

We have obtained consent from users to collect and use their personal information. While we have taken measures to protect the personal information that we have access to, our security measures could be breached resulting in the leak of such confidential personal information. Security breaches or unauthorized access to confidential information could also expose us to liability related to the loss of the information, time-consuming and expensive litigation and negative publicity.

 

Regulations Relating to Intellectual Property

 

The Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress and the State Council have promulgated comprehensive laws and regulations to protect trademarks. The Trademark Law of the PRC (2013 revision) promulgated on August 23, 1982 and subsequently amended on February 22, 1993, October 27, 2001 and August 30, 2013, respectively, and the Implementation Regulation of the Trademark Law (2014 revision) issued by the State Council on August 3, 2002 and amended on April 29, 2014 are the main regulations protecting registered trademarks. The Trademark Office under the State Administration for Industry and Commerce administrates the registration of trademarks on a “first-to-file” basis, and grants a term of ten years to registered trademarks.

 

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The PRC Copyright Law, adopted in 1990 and revised in 2001, 2010, and 2021, respectively, with its implementation rules adopted on August 8, 2002 and revised in 2011 and 2013, respectively, and the Regulations for the Protection of Computer Software as promulgated on December 20, 2001 and amended in 2011 and 2013 provide protection for copyright of computer software in the PRC. Under these rules and regulations, software owners, licensees and transferees may register their rights in software with the National Copyright Administration Center or its local branches to obtain software copyright registration certificates.

 

The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology promulgated the Administrative Measures on Internet Domain Name on August 24, 2017 to protect domain names. According to these measures, domain name applicants are required to duly register their domain names with domain name registration service institutions. The applicants will become the holder of such domain names upon the completion of the registration procedure.

 

We have adopted necessary mechanisms to register, maintain and enforce intellectual property rights in China. However, we cannot assure you that we can prevent our intellectual property from all the unauthorized use by any third party, neither can we promise that none of our intellectual property rights would be challenged any third party.

 

Regulations Relating to Employment

 

The PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law require that employers must execute written employment contracts with full-time employees. All employers must compensate their employees with wages equal to at least the local minimum wage standards. Violations of the PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law may result in the imposition of fines and other administrative sanctions, and serious violations may constitute criminal offences.

 

On December 28, 2012, the PRC Labor Contract Law was amended with effect on July 1, 2013 to impose more stringent requirements on labor dispatch. Under such law, dispatched workers are entitled to pay equal to that of full-time employees for equal work, but the number of dispatched workers that an employer hires may not exceed a certain percentage of its total number of employees as determined by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. Additionally, dispatched workers are only permitted to engage in temporary, auxiliary or substitute work. According to the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch promulgated by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security on January 24, 2014, which became effective on March 1, 2014, the number of dispatched workers hired by an employer shall not exceed 10% of the total number of its employees (including both directly hired employees and dispatched workers). The Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch require employers not in compliance with the PRC Labor Contract Law in this regard to reduce the number of its dispatched workers to below 10% of the total number of its employees prior to March 1, 2016.

 

Enterprises in China are required by PRC laws and regulations to participate in certain employee benefit plans, including social insurance funds, namely a pension plan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a work-related injury insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan, and a housing provident fund, and contribute to the plans or funds in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of the employees as specified by the local government from time to time at locations where they operate their businesses or where they are located. The enterprise may be ordered to pay the full amount within a deadline if it fails to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans and may be subject to fines and other administrative sanctions.

 

Regulations Relating to Foreign Exchange

 

Regulations on Foreign Currency Exchange

 

Under the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade and service payments, payment of interest and dividends can be made without prior approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange by following the appropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRC for the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments, loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its local office.

 

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On February 13, 2015, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency Management Policy on Direct Investment, effective from June 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for the purpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed with qualified banks, which, under the supervision of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, may review the application and process the registration.

 

The Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreign-invested Enterprise was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to this Circular, a foreign-invested enterprise may, according to its actual business needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchange bureau has confirmed monetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the account-crediting of monetary contribution). For the time being, foreign-invested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreign-invested enterprise shall truthfully use its capital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreign-invested enterprise makes domestic equity investment with the amount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic re-investment registration and open a corresponding Account for Foreign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Regulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts was promulgated and became effective on June 9, 2016. According to this Circular, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreign currency into Renminbi on self-discretionary basis. This Circular provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items (including but not limited to foreign currency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. This Circular reiterates the principle that Renminbi converted from foreign currency-denominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope and may not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guarantee the principal within the PRC unless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless it is within the business scope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.

 

On January 26, 2017, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration and Optimizing Genuineness and Compliance Verification, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits from domestic entities to offshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution, original copies of tax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses before remitting any profits. Moreover, pursuant to this Circular, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provide board resolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.

 

Regulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC Residents

 

The State Administration of Foreign Exchange issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Issues Concerning the Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore Special Purpose Vehicles, to regulate foreign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investment and financing or conduct round trip investment in China. Circular 37 defines a “special purpose vehicle” as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly or indirectly, by PRC residents or entities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets or interests, while “round trip investment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through special purpose vehicles, namely, establishing foreign-invested enterprises to obtain the ownership, control rights and management rights. Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into a special purpose vehicle, PRC residents or entities be required to complete foreign exchange registration with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its local branch. In addition, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving the Administration of the Foreign Exchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015, requiring PRC residents or entities to register with qualified banks rather than the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entity established for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.

 

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PRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to special purpose vehicles but had not obtained registration as required before the implementation of the Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the special purpose vehicles with qualified banks. An amendment to the registration is required if there is a material change with respect to the special purpose vehicle registered, such as any change of basic information (including change of the PRC residents, name and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers or divisions. Failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclose controllers of the foreign-invested enterprise that is established through round-trip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant foreign-invested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation, to its offshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities to penalties under PRC foreign exchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC-resident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiaries to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries or limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”

 

Regulations on Stock Incentive Plans

 

The State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issued by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in March 2007. Pursuant to the Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residents participating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publicly-listed company are required to register with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its local branches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents must conduct the registration and other procedures with respect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of the overseas publicly listed company or another qualified institution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevant registration should there be any material change to the stock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of the PRC residents who have the right to exercise the employee stock options, apply to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreign currencies in connection with the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the sale of shares under the stock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRC opened by the PRC agents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.

 

We may adopt a share incentive plan in the future, under which we will have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We plan to advise the recipients of awards under our share incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice. However, we cannot guarantee that all employee awarded equity-based incentives can successfully register with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in full compliance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”

 

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Regulations on Dividend Distribution

 

Distribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and 2016, respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014, respectively. Under these regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required to be allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is not permitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed together with distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our Cayman Islands holding company may rely on dividend payments from our PRC subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cash generated by the operations of those entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We rely to a significant extent on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our operating PRC subsidiaries to fund offshore cash and financing requirements.”

 

Regulations Relating to Overseas Listings

 

On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the State-Owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the State Administration of Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006 and was amended on June 22, 2009. These regulations, among other things, require that (i) PRC entities or individuals obtain approval from the Ministry of Commerce before they establish or control a special purpose vehicle overseas, provided that they intend to use the special purpose vehicle to acquire their equity interests in a PRC company at the consideration of newly issued share of the special purpose vehicle, or Share Swap, and list their equity interests in the PRC company overseas by listing the special purpose vehicle in an overseas market; (ii) the special purpose vehicle obtains approval from the Ministry of Commerce before it acquires the equity interests held by the PRC entities or PRC individual in the PRC company by Share Swap; and (iii) the special purpose vehicle obtains China Securities Regulatory Commission approval before it lists overseas.

 

In addition, the PRC government has announced its plans to enhance its regulatory oversight of Chinese companies listing overseas. The Opinions on Strictly Cracking Down on Illegal Securities Activities issued on July 6, 2021 called for:

 

tightening oversight of data security, cross-border data flow and administration of classified information, as well as amendments to relevant regulation to specify responsibilities of overseas listed Chinese companies with respect to data security and information security;

 

enhanced oversight of overseas listed companies as well as overseas equity fundraising and listing by Chinese companies; and

 

extraterritorial application of China’s securities laws.

 

As the Opinions on Strictly Cracking Down on Illegal Securities Activities were recently issued, there are great uncertainties with respect to the interpretation and implementation thereof. The Chinese government may promulgate relevant laws, rules and regulations that may impose additional and significant obligations and liabilities on overseas listed Chinese companies regarding data security, cross-border data flow, and compliance with China’s securities laws.

 

On February 17, 2023, China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”) released Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies (the “New Overseas Listing Rules”) with five interpretive guidelines, which took effect on March 31, 2023. The New Overseas Listing Rules require Chinese domestic enterprises to complete filings with CSRC and report related information under certain circumstances, such as: a) an issuer making an application for initial public offering and listing in an overseas market; b) an issuer making an overseas securities offering after having been listed on an overseas market; c) a domestic company seeking an overseas direct or indirect listing of its assets through single or multiple acquisition(s), share swap, transfer of shares or other means. According to the Notice on Arrangements for Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Enterprises, published by the CSRC on February 17, 2023, a company that (i) has already completed overseas listing or (ii) has already obtained the approval for the offering or listing from overseas securities regulators or exchanges but has not completed such offering or listing on or before effective date of the new rules and also completes the offering or listing before September 30, 2023 will be considered as an existing listed company and is not required to make any filing until it conducts a new offering in the future. Furthermore, upon the occurrence of any of the material events specified below after an issuer has completed its offering and listed its securities on an overseas stock exchange, the issuer shall submit a report thereof to the CSRC within 3 business days after the occurrence and public disclosure of the event: (i) change of control; (ii) investigations or sanctions imposed by overseas securities regulatory agencies or other competent authorities; (iii) change of listing status or transfer of listing segment; or (iv) voluntary or mandatory delisting. The New Overseas Listing Rules stipulate the legal consequences to the companies for breaches, including failure to fulfill filing obligations or filing documents having false statement or misleading information or material omissions, which may result in administrative penalties such as order to rectify, warnings and a fine ranging from RMB1 million to RMB10 million, and in cases of severe violations, the controlling shareholders, actual controllers, the person directly in charge and other directly liable persons may also be subject to administrative penalties, such as warnings and fines and may be barred from entering the securities market.

 

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On February 24, 2023, the CSRC, the Ministry of Finance, the National Administration of State Secretes Protection and the National Archives Administration released the Provisions on Strengthening the Confidentiality and Archives Administration Related to the Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies, or the Confidentiality and Archives Administration Provisions, which took effect on March 31, 2023. PRC domestic enterprises seeking to offer securities and list in overseas markets, either directly or indirectly, shall establish and improve the system of confidentiality and archives work, and shall complete approval and filing procedures with competent authorities, if such PRC domestic enterprises or their overseas listing entities provide or publicly disclose documents or materials involving state secrets and work secrets of state organs to relevant securities companies, securities service institutions, overseas regulatory agencies and other entities and individuals. It further stipulates that (i) providing or publicly disclosing documents and materials which may adversely affect national security or public interests, and accounting records or photocopies thereof to relevant securities companies, securities service institutions, overseas regulatory agencies and other entities and individuals shall be subject to corresponding procedures in accordance with relevant laws and regulations; and (ii) any working papers formed in the territory of the PRC by securities companies and securities service agencies that provide domestic enterprises with securities services relating to overseas securities issuance and listing shall be stored in the territory of the PRC, the outbound transfer of which shall be subject to corresponding procedures in accordance with relevant laws and regulations.

 

Regulations Relating to Taxation

 

Dividend Withholding Tax

 

In March 2007, the National People’s Congress enacted the Enterprise Income Tax Law which became effective on January 1, 2008 and amended on February 24, 2017. According to Enterprise Income Tax Law, dividends generated after January 1, 2008 and payable by a foreign-invested enterprise in China to its foreign enterprise investors are subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that provides for a preferential withholding arrangement. Pursuant to the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Negotiated Reduction of Dividends and Interest Rates, issued on January 29, 2008 and supplemented and revised on February 29, 2008, and the Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, which became effective on December 8, 2006 and applicable to income derived in any year of assessment commencing on or after April 1, 2007 in Hong Kong and in any year commencing on or after January 1, 2007 in the PRC, such withholding tax rate may be lowered to 5% if a Hong Kong enterprise is deemed the beneficial owner of any dividend paid by a PRC subsidiary by PRC tax authorities and holds at least 25% of the equity interest in that particular PRC subsidiary at all times within the 12-month period immediately prior to the distribution of the dividends. Furthermore, pursuant to the Announcement on Issues concerning “Beneficial Owners” in Tax Treaties issued on February 3, 2018 by the State Administration of Taxation, when determining the status of “beneficial owners,” a comprehensive analysis may be conducted through materials such as articles of association, financial statements, records of capital flows, minutes of board of directors, resolutions of board of directors, allocation of manpower and material resources, the relevant expenses, functions and risk assumption, loan contracts, royalty contracts or transfer contracts, patent registration certificates and copyright certificates, etc. However, even if an applicant has the status as a “beneficiary owner,” if the competent tax authority finds necessity to apply the principal purpose test clause in the tax treaties or the general anti-tax avoidance rules stipulated in domestic tax laws, the general anti-tax avoidance provisions shall apply.

 

Enterprise Income Tax

 

In December 2007, the State Council promulgated the Implementing Rules of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008. The Enterprise Income Tax Law and its relevant implementing rules (i) impose a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate, which is applicable to both foreign-invested enterprises and domestic enterprises (ii) permits companies to continue to enjoy their existing tax incentives, subject to certain transitional phase-out rules and (iii) introduces new tax incentives, subject to various qualification criteria.

 

The Enterprise Income Tax Law also provides that enterprises organized under the laws of jurisdictions outside China with their “de facto management bodies” located within China may be considered PRC resident enterprises and therefore be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their worldwide income. The implementing rules further define the term “de facto management body” as the management body that exercises substantial and overall management and control over the production and operations, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. If an enterprise organized under the laws of jurisdiction outside China is considered a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, it would be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on its worldwide income. Second, a 10% withholding tax would be imposed on dividends it pays to its non-PRC enterprise shareholders and with respect to gains derived by its non-PRC enterprise shareholders from transfer of its shares.

 

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On October 17, 2017, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Bulletin on Issues Concerning the Withholding of Non-PRC Resident Enterprise Income Tax at Source, or Bulletin 37, which replaced the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by Non-PRC Resident Enterprises issued by the State Administration of Taxation on December 10, 2009, and partially replaced and supplemented rules under the Bulletin on Issues of Enterprise Income Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by Non-PRC Resident Enterprises, or Bulletin 7, issued by the State Administration of Taxation on February 3, 2015. Under Bulletin 7, an “indirect transfer” of assets, including equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by non-PRC resident enterprises may be re-characterized and treated as a direct transfer of PRC taxable assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose of avoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax. In respect of an indirect offshore transfer of assets of a PRC establishment, the relevant gain is to be regarded as effectively connected with the PRC establishment and therefore included in its enterprise income tax filing, and would consequently be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Where the underlying transfer relates to the immoveable properties in China or to equity investments in a PRC resident enterprise, which is not effectively connected to a PRC establishment of a non-resident enterprise, a PRC enterprise income tax at 10% would apply, subject to available preferential tax treatment under applicable tax treaties or similar arrangements, and the party who is obligated to make the transfer payments has the withholding obligation. Pursuant to Bulletin 37, the withholding party shall declare and pay the withheld tax to the competent tax authority in the place where such withholding party is located within seven days from the date of occurrence of the withholding obligation. Both Bulletin 37 and Bulletin 7 do not apply to transactions of sale of shares by investors through a public stock exchange where such shares were acquired from a transaction through a public stock exchange. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We and our existing shareholders face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises or other assets attributed to a Chinese establishment of a non-Chinese company, or immovable properties located in China owned by non-Chinese companies.”

 

Value-Added Tax

 

In November 2011, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation promulgated the Pilot Plan for Imposition of Value-Added Tax to Replace Business Tax. In March 2016, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation further promulgated the Notice on Fully Promoting the Pilot Plan for Replacing Business Tax by Value-Added Tax. On March 20, 2019, the Ministry of Finance, the State Administration of Taxation and General Administration of Customs issued Announcement on Policies for Deepening the VAT Reform jointly, under which the VAT rates under the basic mechanism is 13% for the sectors such as operating and financial leases of equipment, 9% for sectors such as transportation, postal, basic telecommunication, and construction services as well as sales and leases of real property and real property rights, 0% for exported services and 6% for all remaining services, including financial services. Unlike business tax, a taxpayer is allowed to offset the qualified input VAT paid on taxable purchases against the output VAT chargeable on the modern services provided. Furthermore, according to Announcement of the State Taxation Administration on Matters relating to Expanding the Scope of the Pilot Scheme for Issuance of Special VAT Invoices by Small-Scale Taxpayers issued by State Administration on February 3, 2019, the basic mechanism may not apply to small-scale taxpayers who may pay the VAT taxes at the levy rates of 3% and 5% on the basis of their sales amount.

 

C. Organizational Structure

 

See “A. History and Development of the Company—Corporate Structure” above for details of our current organizational structure.

 

D. Facilities

 

Our corporate headquarters are located in Fuzhou City, China, where we own an area of approximately 1,000 square meters which was purchased in November 2021 and put into use in September 2022.

 

On December 22, 2017, in connection with the development of our senior care services, we entered into a lease agreement with Fujian Focus Media Co., Ltd., under which we obtained the right of use of Fuzhou Shoushan Waterfall Scenic Area and leased seven villas located in Lingtou Village of Jinan District of Fuzhou City. The term of the lease agreement is 20 years expiring on December 31, 2037. On March 12, 2019, we entered into a supplemental lease agreement with Fujian Focus Media Co., Ltd., pursuant to which beginning on April 1, 2019, we ceased leasing of four villas out of the seven villas originally leased starting from April 1, 2019. Pursuant to the supplemental lease agreement, the consideration of RMB15 million (approximately $2.2 million) for the right of use of Fuzhou Shoushan Waterfall Scenic Area remained unchanged, and we have paid off this amount in full. The rental payment for the remaining three villas shall be made every five years, which is RMB4,950,000 (approximately $720,031) for the period of 2023-2027 (due and payable in 2022), RMB5,445,000 (approximately $792,035) for the period of 2028-2032 (due and payable in 2027), and RMB5,989,500 (approximately $871,238) for the period of 2033-2037 (due and payable in 2032). When the lease expires, we have the priority to renew.

 

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On December 19, 2018, we entered into a long-term lease agreement with Jinjiang Qingyang Qinghua Business Hotel, with a view to subleasing the hotel and earning rental payments. Under the lease agreement, we rent the entire 11-floor hotel building with a rental area of 6,600 square meters for a minimum of ten years. The lease agreement required that we pay a lump sum of RMB 4 million (approximately $581,844) as rent, of which RMB 500,000 (approximately $72,730) shall be paid within 30 days after the right to lease the building is transferred to us, evidenced by further agreements, and the remaining RMB 3.5 million (approximately $509,113) is due within 50 days after completing relevant registrations. In addition, we need to pay the rent the landlord had prepaid which equals RMB 945,000 (approximately $137,461) within 30 days after the right to lease the building is transferred to us. On January 15, 2019, we entered into a supplemental agreement to the lease agreement, under which we shall pay the first RMB 500,000 (approximately $72,730) and the prepaid rent of RMB 945,000 (approximately $137,461) to the landlord on January 16, 2019. As the landlord had received RMB 280,000 (approximately $40,729) in prepaid rent, we were required to pay the remaining RMB 3,220,000 (approximately $468,384) within 50 days after completing all registrations and other procedures. On March 5, 2019, we entered into a second supplement to the lease agreement which clarifies and modifies major terms of the original lease agreement. Pursuant to the second supplement, the lease term commences on January 1, 2019 and ends on September 30, 2028, and we shall pay rent in installments. For the period of 1/1/2019–9/30/2019, we shall pay a monthly rent of RMB 105,000 (approximately $15,273), totaling RMB 945,000 (approximately $137,461) which is due upfront in January 2019; for the period of 10/1/2019–9/30/2020, the monthly rent is RMB 105,000 and we shall pay the total of RMB 1.26 million (approximately $183,281) upfront in October 2019; and for the period of 10/1/2020–9/30/2028, the monthly rent shall be RMB 115,500 (approximately $16,801) and we shall pay a yearly rent of RMB 1,386,000 (approximately $201,609) upfront in each October. As a result of COVID-19 and decreased occupancy, we reached an agreement with the landlord to terminate this lease at Jinjiang Qingyang Qinghua Business Hotel in May 2021.

 

We believe that we will be able to obtain adequate facilities, principally through leasing, to accommodate our future expansion plans.

 

ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

 

None.

 

ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

 

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this annual report on Form 20-F. This discussion may contain forward-looking statements. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements because of various factors, including those set forth under Item 3 “Key Information—D. Risk Factors” or in other parts of this annual report on Form 20-F. See also “Introductory Notes—Forward-looking Information.”

 

A. Operating Results

 

Overview

 

We are a household service company based in Fuzhou, China. We provide integrated household services through our website and WeChat platform, “e家快服” (“E-Home”), across 21 provinces in China. Currently, these services primarily include home appliance services and housekeeping services. For our home appliance services, we partner with individuals and service stores which provide the technicians to deliver the on-site services. We have partnerships with more than 2,000 individuals and service stores providing these services in China. For our housekeeping services, we primarily partner with individual service providers who serve as independent contractors. We currently have more than 2,800 cleaners providing our housekeeping services. Our online platform integrates these offline service providers, which helps them to gain a larger customer base, and provides professional and reliable one-stop household services to our customers.

 

In July 2015, we successfully transitioned from an outsourcing after-market service provider of home appliances and building materials to an operator of home appliance services. In January 2018, we officially became an integrated household service provider after expanding our service portfolio from distribution, installation, repair and maintenance of home appliances to delivery, installation, repair and maintenance of home appliances, home-moving and house cleaning. We have also launched and are actively promoting our senior care services, but so far we have only generated a limited amount of revenue from these services. We plan to further expand our business to include smart community services, as well as sales of smart home supplementary merchandise. We currently have approximately 528 employees to support our operations.

 

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We also generate revenues from sales of pharmaceutical products and devices to our customers, in PRC, and from providing educational consulting services to our customers through our subsidiaries acquired during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023.

 

During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, our business operations were adversely affected by the strict lockdown requirement in China. For the year ended June 30, 2022, our revenue decreased to approximately $63.75 million from approximately $74.53 million for the year ended June 30, 2021, representing a decrease of approximately 14.46%, and our net income decreased from approximately $6.40 million to a net loss of approximately $5.43 million, representing a decrease of approximately 184.85%.

 

During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, our business operation remained stable. For the year ended June 30, 2023, our revenue increased to approximately $68.32 million from approximately $63.75 million for the year ended June 30, 2022, representing an increase of approximately 7.17%, and our net loss increased from approximately $36.24 million to $5.43 million for the year ended June 30, 2022, representing an increase of approximately 567.42%.

 

Principal Factors Affecting Our Financial Performance

 

Our operating results are primarily affected by the following factors:

 

growth in the Chinese economy;

 

industry demand;

 

contract pricing and terms;

 

competition in the home appliance services and in-home care and other household services industries;

 

strategic acquisitions and investments;

 

changes to government policies;

 

market conditions and our market position; and

 

our ability to broaden service offerings and diversify our customer base.

 

Taxation

 

Cayman Islands

 

We are incorporated in the Cayman Islands. The Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciation and there is currently no estate duty, inheritance tax or gift tax. There are no other taxes likely to be material to us levied by the government of the Cayman Islands except for stamp duties which may be applicable on instruments executed in, or after execution brought within the jurisdiction of the Cayman Islands. No stamp duty is payable in the Cayman Islands on transfers of shares of Cayman Islands companies except those which hold interests in land in the Cayman Islands. The Cayman Islands is a party to a double tax treaty entered into with the United Kingdom in 2010 but it is otherwise not party to any double tax treaties that are applicable to any payments made to or by our company. There are no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands.

 

Payments of dividends and capital in respect of the shares will not be subject to taxation in the Cayman Islands and no withholding will be required on the payment of a dividend or capital to any holder of our ordinary shares, nor will gains derived from the disposal of our ordinary shares be subject to Cayman Islands income or corporation tax.

 

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Hong Kong

 

Our subsidiary incorporated in Hong Kong is subject to Hong Kong profit tax at a rate of 16.5%. No Hong Kong profit tax has been levied as we did not have assessable profit that was earned in or derived from our Hong Kong subsidiary during the periods presented. Hong Kong does not impose a withholding tax on dividends.

 

PRC

 

Enterprise Income Tax

 

Generally, our PRC subsidiaries, which are considered PRC resident enterprises under PRC tax law, are subject to enterprise income tax on their worldwide taxable income as determined under PRC tax laws and accounting standards at a rate of 25%. If our holding company in the Cayman Islands or any of our subsidiaries outside the PRC is considered as a PRC resident enterprise for tax purposes, then our global income will be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25%. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We may be treated as a resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, and we may therefore be subject to PRC income tax on our global income.”

 

Value Added Tax

 

Our revenue from installation services is subject to a value added tax, or VAT, rate of 11% and our revenue from maintenance services and sales of goods was subject to a VAT rate of 17% prior to May 1, 2018, which was subsequently reduced to 16%.

 

According to PRC regulations, no VAT will be levied if an enterprise provides employee-based household services. E-Home Pingtan applied for the tax exemption in July 2017 and was approved by the PRC State Administration of Taxation, so the VAT rate for installation, maintenance, after-sales and cleaning service is 0% since July 2017.

 

Withholding Tax on Dividends

 

Dividends paid by E-Home WFOE to our intermediary holding company in Hong Kong will be subject to a withholding tax rate of 10%, unless the relevant Hong Kong entity satisfies all the requirements under the Arrangement between the PRC and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income and Capital and receives approval from the relevant tax authority. If our Hong Kong subsidiary satisfies the requirements under the tax arrangement and receives approval from the relevant tax authority, then the dividends paid to the Hong Kong subsidiary would be subject to withholding tax at a reduced tax rate of 5%. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—There are significant uncertainties under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law relating to the withholding tax liabilities of our PRC subsidiaries, and dividends payable by our PRC subsidiaries to our offshore subsidiaries may not qualify to enjoy certain treaty benefits.”

 

Our Reportable Segments

 

As of June 30, 2023, our operations are organized into five reportable segments: installation and maintenance services, housekeeping services, senior care services, sales of pharmaceutical products and educational consulting services. Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to management for decision making. These operating segments are monitored and strategic decisions are made on the basis of segmental profit margins.

 

Critical Accounting Policies

 

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The SEC has defined a company’s critical accounting policies as the ones that are most important to the portrayal of the company’s financial condition and results of operations, and which require the company to make its most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain. Based on this definition, we have identified the critical accounting policies and judgments addressed below. We also have other key accounting policies, which involve the use of estimates, judgments and assumptions that are significant to understanding our results. Although we believe that our estimates, assumptions and judgments are reasonable, they are based upon information presently available. Actual results may differ significantly from these estimates under different assumptions, judgments or conditions.

 

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Principles of consolidation 

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) and have been consistently applied. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited and its subsidiaries. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.

 

Leases

 

Leases are classified at lease commencement date as either a finance lease or an operating lease. A lease is a finance lease if it meets any of the following criteria: (a) the lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the lessee by the end of the lease term. (b) the lease grants the lessee an option to purchase the underlying asset that the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise, (c) the lease term is for the major part of the remaining economic life of the underlying asset, (d) the present value of the sum of the lease payments and any residual value guaranteed by the lessee that is not already reflected in the lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the underlying asset or (e) the underlying asset is of such a specialized nature that it is expected to have no alternative use to the lessor at the end of the lease term. When none of the criteria meets, the lease shall be classified as an operating lease.

 

For lessee, a lease is recognized as a right-of-use asset with a corresponding liability at lease commencement date. The lease liability is calculated at the present value of the lease payments not yet paid by using the lease term and discount rate determined at lease commencement. The right-of-use asset is calculated as the lease liability, increased by any initial direct costs and prepaid lease payments, reduced by any lease incentives received before lease commencement. The right-of-use asset itself is amortized on a straight-line basis unless another systematic method better reflects how the underlying asset will be used by and benefits the lessee over the lease term.

 

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The amendments in this ASU require an entity to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability for all leases with terms of more than 12 months. Recognition, measurement and presentation of expenses will depend on classification as a finance or operating lease. The amendments also require certain quantitative and qualitative disclosures about leasing arrangements. We adopted ASC 842 effective as of the beginning of the first period presented by using a modified retrospective transition approach in the accompanying financial statements of our company. The adoption of this standard had a material impact on our financial position, with no material impact on the results of operations and cash flows.

 

Revenue Recognition

 

We adopted Accounting Standards Codification No. 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606) beginning January 1, 2018 and elected to adopt ASC 606 under the modified retrospective method. This guidance was applied retrospectively to the most current period presented in our consolidated financial statements. The adoption of ASC 606 did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements of our company.

 

We generate revenues primarily from installation & maintenance services, housekeeping services, senior care services, sales of household appliance accessories and sales of E-watches. We sell our goods and services through a third-party service provider WeChat platform. Our revenues are subject to value added tax (“VAT”). To record VAT payable, we use the gross presentation method, which presents the taxable services and the available input VAT amount (at the rate applicable to the supplier). Revenues are recorded net of VAT in accordance with the ASC 606. We consider revenue realized or realizable and earned when all the five following criteria are met: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The recognition of revenues involves certain management judgments. The amount and timing of our revenues could be materially different for any period if management made different judgments or utilized different estimates.

 

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Installation& maintenance

 

Installation and maintenance services mainly consisting of the following services: technical home installation and repair, maintenance and other after sale services. Revenues from installation and maintenance services are recognized at a point in time once the service is transferred to the customer. For service arrangements that include multiple performance obligations, revenues are allocated to each performance obligation based on its standalone selling price. We allocate arrangement consideration in multiple-deliverable revenue arrangements at the inception of an arrangement to all deliverables based on the relative selling price method, generally based on the best estimate of selling price. We consider whether the nature of its promise is a performance obligation to provide the specified goods or services itself (that is, the entity is a principal) or to arrange for the other party to provide those goods or services (that is, the entity is an agent). We act as principal and has contracts with third-party service providers (i.e., service outlets) who acts as agents. We are responsible for market development and providing the customer information to the service provider, directing the outlet to provide services and coordination with the customer, while the service provider provides the door-to-door service. The price of services is set by our company and the service provider is only responsible for collection of payments. When our end customers place orders online for services, they pay either a required visit fee or the estimated full amount of service fee through third-party payment platforms, such as WeChat Pay and Alipay. If the customer is not satisfied with the chosen provider, the service provider can be re-selected. Regardless of the service provider’s performance, we are still liable to complete the orders. If the end customer fails to pay after satisfactory service is provided and the service provider is unable to collect payment from the end customer, we will communicate directly with the end customer. The service provider is not obligated to pay our company. To minimize our risk, the service provider will remit payment of any outstanding receivables each month.

 

Housekeeping services

 

Housekeeping services refer to services including housecleaning, nanny service, maternity matron and personnel staffing. Revenues from housekeeping are recognized at a point in time upon completion of services to the customer based on the relative selling price method. We consider whether the nature of its promise is a performance obligation to provide the specified goods or services itself (that is, the entity is a principal) or to arrange for the other party to provide those goods or services (that is, the entity is an agent). We determine it is a principal and recognizes revenues at the gross amount received for the services.

 

Senior care services

 

Senior care services refer to services including heart rate test, daily steps count, location and track record, call for help by Wechat or phone, and other care services rendered to senior customers through an E-watch, which is given to the customers when they pay the annual fees. The customers sign a contract for the services with our company. The contract term is normally one year. The revenues from senior care services are allocated into the revenue from the E-watch sold and the revenue of the services provided. Revenues from the E-watch sold are recognized at a point in time once customers receive the E-watch and the revenues from the services provided are recognized over the service period. We consider whether the nature of its promise is a performance obligation to provide the specified goods or services itself (that is, the entity is a principal) or to arrange for the other party to provide those goods or services (that is, the entity is an agent). We determine it is a principal and recognizes revenues at the gross amount received for the services.

 

Disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers

 

During the process of performing the installation and maintenance services, we also sell household appliance accessories such as air conditioner parts to its customers according to the customers’ needs. We did not sell these household appliance accessories separately. The senior care services consist of the sale of E-watch and the care services. The E-watch cannot be sold to the customers solely without the care services, and the care services should be rendered by the E-watch. Consequently, we regard these operating activities as operating in one material segment, being the revenue of senior care services.

 

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Based on the above discussion, we disaggregated sales of household appliance accessories from installation and maintenance revenue and senior care services revenue into the sales of the E-watch and the care service. Sales of household appliance accessories and E-watches are recognized in revenue at a point in time while revenue from care service is recognized over a period.

 

Sales of pharmaceutical products

 

We also generate revenues from sales of pharmaceutical products and devices to its customers in PRC. Under the adoption of ASC 606, we recognized revenues in a manner to depict the transfer of goods to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange for those goods. We consider revenue realized or realizable and earned when all the five following criteria are met: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

 

We consider customer purchase orders to be the contracts with a customer. As part of its consideration of the contract, we evaluate certain factors including the customer’s ability to pay (or credit risk). For each contract, we consider the promise to transfer products, each of which is distinct, to be the identified performance obligations. We consider whether the nature of its promise is a performance obligation to provide the specified goods itself (that is, the entity is a principal) or to arrange for the other party to provide those goods (that is, the entity is an agent). We determine it is a principal and recognizes revenues at the gross amount received for the goods. We control the specified good before that good is transferred to its customers based on the following indicators: (1) we are primarily responsible for fulfilling the promise to provide the specified good, (2) we bear the inventory risk before or after (i.e., customer has a right of return) the specified good has been transferred to a customer, (3) we have discretion in setting the price for the specified good.

 

In determining the transaction price, we evaluate whether the price is subject to refund or adjustment to determine the net consideration to which we expect to be entitled. We provide its customers with rights to return the sold goods for several days after the customers’ acceptance of the goods and can reasonably estimates return provision for the goods. The product return provisions are estimated based on (1) historical rates, (2) specific identification of outstanding returns not yet received from customers and outstanding discounts and claims and (3) estimated returns, discounts and claims expected, but not yet finalized with customers. We analyzed historical refund claims for defective products and concluded that they have been immaterial since we can return the goods returned from the customers to our suppliers.

 

Revenues are reported net of all VAT. As our standard payment terms are less than one year, we have elected the practical expedient under ASC 606-10-32-18 to not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component. We allocate the transaction price to each distinct product based on their relative standalone selling price.

 

Revenue is recognized when control of the product is transferred to the customer (i.e., when our performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time), which typically occurs at delivery. Prices are determined based on negotiations with our customers when signing the contracts and are not subject to adjustment.

 

Educational consulting services

 

We also generate revenues from providing educational consulting services to its customers. Revenues from educational consulting services are recognized at a point in time upon completion of services to the customer based on the relative selling price method. We consider whether the nature of our promise is a performance obligation to provide the specified goods or services itself (that is, the entity is a principal) or to arrange for the other party to provide those goods or services (that is, the entity is an agent). We determine it is a principal and recognizes revenues at the gross amount received for the services.

 

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

We consider the applicability and impact of all ASUs. Management periodically reviews new accounting standards that are issued.

 

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”. This amends guidelines on reporting credit losses for assets held at amortized cost basis and available-for-sale debt securities. For assets held at amortized cost basis, Topic 326 eliminates the probable initial recognition threshold in current U.S. GAAP and, instead, requires an entity to reflect its current estimate of all expected credit losses. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial assets to present the net amount expected to be collected. For available-for-sale debt securities, credit losses should be measured in a manner similar to current U.S. GAAP, however Topic 326 will require that credit losses be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down. ASU 2016-13 affects entities holding financial assets and net investment in leases that are not accounted for at fair value through net income. The amendments affect loans, debt securities, trade receivables, net investments in leases, off balance sheet credit exposures, reinsurance receivables, and any other financial assets not excluded from the scope that have the contractual right to receive cash. The amendments in this ASU will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-10, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842): Effective Dates, which amended the effective date of ASU 2016-13. The amendments in these ASUs are effective for our fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning April 1, 2022. Early adoption is permitted. We adopted this guidance on July 1, 2022 and the adoption of this new guidance had no material impact our consolidated financial statements.

 

In August 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2020-06, Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, as part of its overall simplification initiative to reduce costs and complexity of applying accounting standards while maintaining or improving the usefulness of the information provided to users of financial statements. Among other changes, the new guidance removes from GAAP separation models for convertible debt that require the convertible debt to be separated into a debt and equity component, unless the conversion feature is required to be bifurcated and accounted for as a derivative or the debt is issued at a substantial premium. As a result, after adopting the guidance, entities will no longer separately present such embedded conversion features in equity, and will instead account for the convertible debt wholly as debt. The new guidance also requires use of the “if-converted” method when calculating the dilutive impact of convertible debt on earnings per share, which is consistent with our current accounting treatment under the current guidance. The guidance is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted, but only at the beginning of the fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted. We adopted this guidance on July 1, 2022 and the adoption of this new guidance had no material impact our consolidated financial statements.

 

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers”, which provides guidance on the acquirer’s accounting for acquired revenue contracts with customers in a business combination. The amendments require an acquirer recognizes and measures contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination at the acquisition date in accordance with ASC 606 as if it had originated the contracts. This guidance also provides certain practical expedients for acquirers when recognizing and measuring acquired contract assets and contract liabilities from revenue contracts in a business combination. The new guidance is required to be applied prospectively to business combinations occurring on or after the date of adoption. This guidance is effective for our company for the year ending March 31, 2024 and interim reporting periods during the year ending March 31, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect that the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on the financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

 

In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions”, which clarifies that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. The amendments also clarify that an entity cannot, as a separate unit of account, recognize and measure a contractual sale restriction. This guidance also requires certain disclosures for equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions. The new guidance is required to be applied prospectively with any adjustments from the adoption of the amendments recognized in earnings and disclosed on the date of adoption. This guidance is effective for our company for the year ending March 31, 2025 and interim reporting periods during the year ending March 31, 2025. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect that the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on the financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

 

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We do not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting statements, if recently adopted, would have a material effect on our consolidated balance sheets, statements of comprehensive income (loss) and statements of cash flows.

 

Results of Operations

 

Comparison of Fiscal Years Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022

 

The following table shows key components of our results of operations during the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, in dollars and as a percentage of our total revenue.

 

    Year Ended June 30,
2023
    Year Ended June 30,
2022
 
    Amount     % of
Revenue
    Amount     % of
Revenue
 
Revenues                        
Installation and Maintenance   $ 41,177,200       60.27     $ 40,017,962       62.77  
Housekeeping     17,210,122       25.19       16,340,910       25.63  
Senior care services     6,515,953       9.54       7,392,221       11.60  
Sales of pharmaceutical products     2,368,071       3.47       -       -  
Educational consulting services     1,050,397       1.53       -       -  
Total revenues     68,321,743       100.00       63,751,093       100.00  
Total cost of revenues     49,764,098       72.84       44,394,575       69.64  
Operating expenses                                
Sales and marketing expenses     22,691,231       33.21       11,989,919       18.81  
General and administrative expenses     26,230,966       38.39       8,219,584       12.89  
Total operating expenses     48,922,197       71.60       20,209,503       31.70  
Loss from operations     (30,364,552 )     (44.44 )     (852,985 )     (1.34 )
Other income (expenses)                                
Interest income     229,045       0.34       182,558       0.29  
Interest expenses     (791,749 )     (1.16 )     (257,766 )     (0.41 )
Accretion of financing cost     (1,376,458 )     (2.01 )     (397,153 )     (0.62 )
Fair value loss – Financial instruments     (3,747,100 )     (5.48 )     (1,996,249 )     (3.13 )
Other income (expenses), net     94,900       0.14       (14,538 )     (0.02 )
Total other expenses     (5,591,362 )     (8.17 )     (2,483,148 )     (3.89 )
Loss before income taxes     (35,955,914 )     (52.61 )     (3,336,133 )     (5.23 )
Income tax expense     (286,335 )     (0.42 )     (2,094,076 )     (3.37 )
Net loss   $ (36,242,249 )     (53.03 )   $ (5,430,209 )     (8.60 )
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests     (1,235,410 )     (1.81 )     -       -  
Net loss attributable to company shareholders     (35,006,839 )     (51.22 )     (5,430,209 )     (8.60 )

 

Revenue. We mainly generate revenue from providing installation and maintenance services, housekeeping services and senior care services to our customers. We also generate revenues from sales of pharmaceutical products and devices to our customers in PRC, and from providing educational consulting services to our customers. Our total revenue was $68,321,743 for the year ended June 30, 2023, representing an increase of $4,570,650, or 7.17%, compared to $63,751,093 for the year ended June 30, 2022. Such increase was due to an increase of $1,159,238 in revenue from installation and maintenance, an increase of $869,212 in revenue from our housekeeping services, and revenue of $2,368,071 from sales of pharmaceutical products and revenue of $1,050,397 from providing educational consulting services, which are our newly acquired segment this year.

 

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Revenue from installation and maintenance services increased by $1,159,238, or 2.90%, to $41,177,200 for the year ended June 30, 2023 from $40,017,962 for the year ended June 30, 2022. Revenue from installation and maintenance services accounted for 60.27% of our total revenue for the year ended June 30, 2023, as compared to 62.77% for the year ended June 30, 2022.

 

Revenue from housekeeping services amounted to $17,210,122 for the year ended June 30, 2023, representing an increase of $869,212, or 5.32%, $16,340,910 for the year ended June 30, 2022. Revenue from housekeeping services accounted for 25.19% of our total revenue for the year ended June 30, 2023, as compared to 25.63% for the year ended June 30, 2022.

 

For the year ended June 30, 2023, we generated revenue from senior care services in an amount of $6,515,953, representing a decrease of $876,268, or 11.85%, from $7,392,221 for the year ended June 30, 2022. Such decrease was mainly due to the decrease in the price of our senior care services. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, we decrease the annual fee of our senior care services from RMB 699 to RMB 599. Revenue from senior care services accounted for 9.54% of our total revenue for the year ended June 30, 2023, as compared to 11.60% for the year ended June 30, 2022.

 

In addition, we also generated revenues from sales of pharmaceutical products and devices to our customers in PRC, and from providing educational consulting services to our customers. For the year ended June 30, 2023, we generated revenue of $2,368,071 from sales of pharmaceutical products and $1,050,397 from educational consulting services, respectively. Revenue from sales of pharmaceutical products and educational consulting services accounted for 3.47% and 1.54% of our total revenue for the year ended June 30, 2023, respectively.

 

Cost of revenue. Our cost of revenue includes service fees paid to staff, outlets and suppliers for the services rendered and the cost of accessories sold. Our cost of revenue decreased by $5,369,523, or 8.11%, from $44,394,575 for the year ended June 30, 2022 to $49,764,098 for the year ended June 30, 2023. Such increase was in line with our increased revenue.

 

Sales and marketing expenses. Our sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of remuneration for staff involved in selling and marketing efforts, advertising cost, depreciation, travel and leasing expenses. Our sales and marketing expenses increased by $10,701,312, or 89.25%, to $22,691,231 for the year ended June 30, 2023 from $11,989,919 for the year ended June 30, 2022. Such increase primarily due to the increased marketing costs for renting billboards and the increased promotion fee we paid to our service outlets to increase our orders. As a percentage of revenue, sales and marketing expenses increased from 18.81% for the year ended June 30, 2022 to 33.21% for the year ended June 30, 2023.

 

General and administrative expenses. Our general and administrative expenses consist primarily of employee remuneration, professional fees, insurance, benefits, office leases, general office expenses, depreciation and amortization expenses and impairment losses. Our general and administrative expenses increased by $18,011,382, or 219.13%, to $26,230,966 for the year ended June 30, 2023 from $8,219,584 for the year ended June 30, 2022. Such increase was due to the impairment losses for goodwill and intangible assets we acquired from business combinations of $8,846,867 and $6,551,529, respectively, and increased depreciation and amortization expenses of $2,105,587 for property and equipment and intangible assets we acquired from business combinations. As a percentage of revenue, general and administrative expenses increased from 8.93% for the year ended June 30, 2022 to 38.39% for the year ended June 30, 2023.

 

Loss from operations. As a result of the foregoing, we recorded loss from operations of $30,364,552, representing an increase of $29,511,567, or 3459.80%, as compared to loss from operations of $852,985 for the year ended June 30, 2022. The increase of loss from operations was mainly due to the increase of sales and marketing expenses in the amount of $10,701,312 and increase of general and administrative expenses in the amount of $18,011,382.

 

Total other income (expenses). We recorded total other expenses of $5,591,362 for the year ended June 30, 2023, as compared to total other expense of $2,483,148 for the year ended June 30, 2022.

 

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Total other expenses, net, for the year ended June 30, 2023 consisted of interest expenses in the amount of $791,749, accretion of financing cost caused by issuance of Convertible Notes in the amount of $1,376,458, fair value loss of ordinary shares issued related to the potential acquisition of Lianbao and Youyou in the amount of $3,747,100, offset by interest income in the amount of $229,045 and other income in the amount of $94,900. Total other expenses, net, for the year ended June 30, 2022 consisted of interest expense in the amount of $257,766, accretion of financing cost caused by issuance of Convertible Notes in the amount of $397,153, fair value loss of ordinary shares issued related to the potential acquisition of Lianbao in the amount of $1,996,249 and foreign currency exchange income in the amount of $13,749, offset by interest income in the amount of $182,558 and government subsidy in the amount of $7,733.

 

Income tax expense. We recorded income tax expenses of $286,335 for the year ended June 30, 2023, representing a decrease of $1,807,741, or 86.33%, as compared to $2,094,076 for the year ended June 30, 2022. The decrease in the income tax expense mainly resulted from the decrease in the income before income taxes from our PRC subsidiaries. See also “—Taxation” above.

 

Net loss. As a result of the cumulative effect of the factors described above, our net loss attributable to our shareholders increased by $30,812,040, or 565.21%, to $36,242,249 for the year ended June 30, 2023 from $5,430,209 for the year ended June 30, 2022.

 

Comparison of Fiscal Years Ended June 30, 2022 and 2021

 

The following table shows key components of our results of operations during the years ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, in dollars and as a percentage of our total revenue.

 

    Year Ended June 30,
2022
    Year Ended June 30,
2021
 
    Amount     % of
Revenue
    Amount     % of
Revenue
 
Revenue                        
Installation and Maintenance   $ 40,017,962       62.77     $ 51,546,235       69.17  
Housekeeping     16,340,910       25.63       16,792,722       22.53  
Senior care services     7,392,221       11.60       6,038,814       8.10  
Sublease     -       -       147,663       0.20  
Total revenue     63,751,093       100.00       74,525,434       100.00  
Total cost of revenue     44,394,575       69.64       48,311,398       64.83  
Operating expenses                                
Sales and marketing expenses     11,989,919       18.81       10,279,274       13.79  
General and administrative expenses     8,219,584       12.89       6,869,419       9.22  
Total operating expenses     20,209,503       31.70       17,148,693       23.01  
Income (Loss) from operations     (852,985 )     (1.34 )     9,065,343       12.16  
Other income (expenses)                                
Interest income     182,558       0.29       110,889       0.14  
Interest expenses     (257,766 )     (0.41 )     (25,509 )     (0.03 )
Accretion of financing cost     (397,153 )     (0.62 )                
Fair value loss – Financial instruments     (1,996,249 )     (3.13 )                
Government subsidy     7,733       0.01       908,051       1.22  
Foreign currency exchange loss     (22,271 )     (0.03 )     13,749       0.02  
Total other income (expenses)     (2,483,148 )     (3.89 )     1,007,180       1.35  
Income (Loss) before income taxes     (3,336,133 )     (5.23 )     10,072,523       13.52  
Income tax expense     (2,094,076 )     (3.37 )     (3,672,624 )     (4.93 )
Net income (loss)     (5,430,209 )     (8.60 )     6,399,899       8.59  
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests     -       -       (9,033 )     (0.01 )
Net income (loss) attributable to company shareholders   $ (5,430,209 )     (8.60 )   $ 6,408,932       8.60  

 

Revenue. We generate revenue from the provision of installation and maintenance services, the provision of housekeeping services and the provision of senior care services. Our total revenue was $63,751,093 for the year ended June 30, 2022, representing a decrease of $10,774,341, or 14.46%, compared to $74,525,434 for the year ended June 30, 2021. Such decrease was due to a decrease of $11,528,273 in revenue from installation and maintenance, a decrease of $451,812 in revenue from our housekeeping services, which we both began providing in the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018, and an increase of $1,353,407 in revenue from our senior care services, which we began providing in the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020.

 

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Revenue from installation and maintenance services decreased by $11,528,273, or 22.36%, to $40,017,962 for the year ended June 30, 2022 from $51,546,235 for the year ended June 30, 2021. Such decrease was primarily due to the COVID outbreak and the strict lockdown requirements in China. Revenue from installation and maintenance services accounted for 62.77% of our total revenue for the year ended June 30, 2022, as compared to 69.17% of our total revenue for the year ended June 30, 2021.

 

Revenue from housekeeping services amounted to $16,340,910, or 25.63% of total revenue, for the year ended June 30, 2022, representing a decrease of $451,812, or 2.69%, from $16,792,722 for the year ended June 30, 2021. Such decrease was primarily due to the COVID outbreak and the strict lockdown requirements in China. Revenue from housekeeping services accounted for 25.63% of our total revenue for the year ended June 30, 2022, as compared to 22.53% of our total revenue for the year ended June 30, 2021.

 

For the year ended June 30, 2022, we generated revenue from senior care services in an amount of $7,392,221, representing an increase of $1,353,407, or 22.41%, from $6,038,814 for the year ended June 30, 2021. Such increase was mainly due to our efforts in developing the new business since 2020. Revenue from senior care services accounted for 11.60% of our total revenue for the year ended June 30, 2022, as compared to 8.10% of our total revenue for the year ended June 30, 2021.

 

In addition, we sublease our operating leased right-of-use hotel. For the years ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, the sublease income of operating lease right-of-use assets were $0 and $147,663, respectively.

 

Cost of revenue. Our cost of revenue includes service fees paid to staff, outlets and suppliers for the services rendered and the cost of accessories sold. Our cost of revenue decreased by $3,916,823, or 8.11%, from $48,311,398 for the year ended June 30, 2021 to $44,394,575 for the year ended June 30, 2022. Such decrease was in line with our decreased revenue.

 

Sales and marketing expenses. Our sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of remuneration for staff involved in selling and marketing efforts, advertising cost, depreciation, travel and leasing expenses. Our sales and marketing expenses increased by $1,710,645, or 16.64%, to $11,989,919 for the year ended June 30, 2022 from $10,279,274 for the year ended June 30, 2021. Such increase primarily due to the increased marketing costs, which were mainly caused by our efforts to broad our brand for the year ended June 30, 2022 after our initial public offering. As a percentage of revenue, sales and marketing expenses increased from 13.79% for the year ended June 30, 2021 to 18.81% for the year ended June 30, 2022.

 

General and administrative expenses. Our general and administrative expenses consist primarily of employee remuneration, professional fees, insurance, benefits, office leases, general office expenses and depreciation. Our general and administrative expenses increased by $1,350,165, or 19.95%, to $8,219,584 for the year ended June 30, 2022 from $6,869,419 for the year ended June 30, 2021. Such increase was due to the increasing costs for supporting our expanding business and the increased compliance costs during our initial public offering period. As a percentage of revenue, general and administrative expenses increased from 8.93% for the year ended June 30, 2022 to 12.89% for the year ended June 30, 2021.

 

Income (Loss) from operations. As a result of the foregoing, we recorded loss from operations of $852,985, representing a decrease of $9,918,328, or 109.41%, as compared to income from operations of $9,065,343 for the year ended June 30, 2021. The decrease of income from operations was mainly due to decrease of revenues in the amount of $10,774,341, increase of sales and marketing expenses in the amount of $1,710,645, increase of general and administrative expenses in the amount of $1,350,165, offset by decrease in cost of revenues in the amount of $3,916,823.

 

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Total other income (expenses). We had $2,483,148 in total other expenses for the year ended June 30, 2022. Total other income (expenses), net, for the year ended June 30, 2022 consisted of interest expense in the amount of $257,766, accretion of financing cost caused by issuance of Convertible Notes in the amount of $397,153, fair value loss of ordinary shares issued related to the potential acquisition of Lianbao in the amount of $1,996,249 and foreign currency exchange income in the amount of $13,749, offset by interest income in the amount of $182,558 and government subsidy in the amount of $7,733.

 

We had $1,007,180 in total other income for the year ended June 30, 2021, as compared to $75,901 in total other income for the year ended June 30, 2020. Total other income (expenses), net, for the year ended June 30, 2021 consisted of interest income in the amount of $110,889, government subsidy in the amount of $908,051 and foreign currency exchange income in the amount of $13,749, offset by interest expenses in the amount of $25,509. Total other income (expenses), net, for the year ended June 30, 2020 consisted of interest income in the amount of $103,388, offset by interest expenses in the amount of $26,447 and foreign currency exchange loss in the amount of $1,040.

 

Income tax expense. We recorded income tax expenses of $2,094,076 for the year ended June 30, 2022, representing a decrease of $1,578,548, or 42.98%, as compared to $3,672,624 for the year ended June 30, 2021. The decrease in the income tax expense mainly resulted from the decrease in the income before income taxes from our PRC subsidiaries. See also “—Taxation” above.

 

Net income (loss). As a result of the cumulative effect of the factors described above, our net income attributable to our shareholders decreased by $11,830,108, or 184.85%, to a net loss of $5,430,209 for the year ended June 30, 2022 from a net profit of $6,408,932 for the year ended June 30, 2021. 

 

B. Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

As of June 30, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of $71,252,380. We finance our operations, working capital needs and strategic investments from cash generated through operations and through debt and equity financing.

 

We believe that our current levels of cash and cash flows from operations and equity financing will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for our operations and expansion plans for at least the next 12 months. We may, however, in the future require additional cash resources due to changing business conditions, implementation of our strategy to expand our business, or other investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If our own financial resources are insufficient to satisfy our capital requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain additional credit facilities. The sale of additional equity securities could result in dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require us to agree to operating and financial covenants that would restrict our operations. Financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Any failure by us to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to expand our business operations and could harm our overall business prospects.

 

The following table sets forth a summary of our cash flows for the periods presented:

 

    For the Years Ended June 30,  
    2021     2022     2023  
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities   $ 8,670,915     $ 4,373,806     $ (8,405,064 )
Net cash used in investing activities     (5,610,280 )     (7,400,320 )     (65,202,634 )
Net cash provided by financing activities     21,661,293       7,350,985       95,536,256  
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents     24,721,928       4,324,471       21,928,558  
Effect of currency translation   $ 2,666,345     $ (1,892,891 )   $ (5,518,230 )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year     25,022,199       52,410,472       54,842,052  
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year     52,410,472       54,842,052       71,252,380  

 

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Operating Activities

 

Net cash used in operating activities was $8,405,064 for the year ended June 30, 2023, as compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $4,373,806 for the year ended June 30, 2022. For the year ended June 30, 2023, net loss in the amount of $36,242,249, change in advance to suppliers in the amount of $1,102,585, change in operating lease liabilities in the amount of $729,571, change in taxes payable in the amount of $504,831, change in inventories in the amount of $144,611 and change in accounts receivables in the amount of $210,146, offset by impairment loss in the amount of $15,518,178, change in accounts payable and accrued expenses in the amount of $5,299,024, fair value loss of ordinary shares issued related to the acquisition of Lianbao and Youyou in the amount of $3,747,100, depreciation and amortization in the amount of $2,257,790, accretion of financing cost of Convertible Notes of $1,376,458, interest expenses in the amount of $791,749, amortization of right-of-use assets in the amount of $692,557, change in prepayments, deposits and other current assets in the amount of $475,241, income tax expense in the amount of $286,335 and shares issued to directors and consultants of $106,000.

 

Net cash provided by operating activities was $4,373,806 for the year ended June 30, 2022, as compared to $8,670,915 for the year ended June 30, 2021. For the year ended June 30, 2022, income tax expense in the amount of $1,883,689, interest expense in the amount of $257,767, depreciation and amortization in the amount of $152,203, amortization of right-of-use assets in the amount of $708,159, accretion of financing cost of Convertible Notes of $397,153, shares issued to directors and consultants of $630,500, fair value loss of ordinary shares issued related to the potential acquisition of Lianbao of $1,996,249, inventories in the amount of $235,071, long-term prepayments and other non-current assets in the amount of $1,546,527, and accounts payable and accrued expenses in the amount of $3,218,541, offset by net loss of $5,484,337, account receivables in the amount of $85,321, prepayments, deposits and other current assets in the amount of $19,980 and taxes payable in the amount of $1,326,930 were the primary drivers of the cash provided by operating activities.

 

Net cash provided by operating activities was $8,670,915 for the year ended June 30, 2021, as compared to $3,816,486 for the year ended June 30, 2020. For the year ended June 30, 2021, the net income of $6,399,899, income tax expense in the amount of $3,672,624, interest expense in the amount of $25,509, depreciation and amortization in the amount of $27,084, amortization of right-of-use assets in the amount of $584,813, loss on disposal of property and equipment in the amount of $489,178, shares issued to directors of $213,840, account receivables, net, in the amount of $1,093,322, long-term prepayments and other non-current assets in the amount of $2,875,495, and accounts payable and accrued expenses in the amount of $2,482,455, offset by prepayments, deposits and other current assets in the amount of $4,968,939 and taxes payable in the amount of $3,989,279 were the primary drivers of the cash provided by operating activities.

 

Investing Activities

 

Net cash used in investing activities was $65,202,634 for the year ended June 30, 2023. Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended June 30, 2023 consisted of deposits for purchase of land and properties in the amount of $60,000,000, cash lent to related parties in the amount of $4,295,120, purchases of property and equipment in the amount of $887,838 and purchase of intangible assets in the amount of $19,676.

 

Net cash used in investing activities was $7,400,320 for the year ended June 30, 2022. Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended June 30, 2022 consisted of cash paid for purchase of our new office property and vehicles in the amount of $4,607,297, cash paid for right-of-use-assets costs in the amount of $2,521,104, cash paid for acquisition of non-controlling interest in Fujian Happiness Yijia Family Service Co., Ltd. (“HAPPY”) in the amount of $466,888, long-term investment in Fuzhou Fumao in the amount of $941,073, offset by refunds from potential acquisitions in the amount of $1,136,042.

 

Net cash used in investing activities was $5,610,280 for the year ended June 30, 2021. Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended June 30, 2021 consisted of right-of-use-assets costs in the amount of $132,336, cash paid for land deposits in the amount of $1,816,102, deposits made for potential acquisitions of $3,400,000 and purchase of property and equipment in the amount of $261,843, offset by lease principal refund in the amount of $80,531.

 

Financing Activities

 

Net cash provided by financing activities was $95,536,256 for the year ended June 30, 2023 which consisted of proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares in the amount of $92,979,677, proceeds from short-term loan of $1,402,203 and temporary loan from related parties of $1,630,511, offset by repayment of convertible note in the amount of $400,000 and payment for financial leases in the amount of $76,135.

 

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Net cash provided by financing activities was $7,350,985 for the year ended June 30, 2022 which consisted of proceeds from issuance of Convertible Note in the amount of $8,445,000 and offset by payment of convertible note issuance cost in the amount of $1,094,015.

 

Net cash provided by financing activities was $21,661,293 for the year ended June 30, 2021 which consisted of net proceeds from initial public offering in the amount of $21,661,293.

 

Capital Expenditures

 

We made capital expenditures of $5,610,280, $7,400,320 and $65,202,634 during the years ended June 30, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. In these periods, our capital expenditures were mainly used for purchases of property and equipment, including office equipment, electronic equipment and motor vehicles, and the right-of-use asset for Fuzhou Shoushan Waterfall Scenic Area. We plan to continue to make capital expenditures to meet the needs from the growth of our business.

 

Holding Company Structure

 

E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited is a Cayman Islands holding company with no material operations of its own. We conduct our operations primarily through E-Home WFOE and its subsidiaries in China. As a result, our ability to pay dividends depends upon dividends paid by E-Home WFOE. If E-Home WFOE or our other PRC subsidiaries incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing their debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends to us. In addition, E-Home WFOE is permitted to pay dividends to us only out of its retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Under PRC law, E-Home WFOE and its PRC subsidiaries are required to set aside at least 10% of their after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund certain statutory reserve funds until such reserve funds reach 50% of their registered capital. In addition, each may allocate a portion of their after-tax profits based on PRC accounting standards to enterprise expansion funds and staff bonus and welfare funds at their discretion, and these entities may allocate a portion of their after-tax profits based on PRC accounting standards to a discretionary surplus fund at their discretion. The statutory reserve funds and the discretionary funds are not distributable as cash dividends. Remittance of dividends by a wholly foreign-owned company out of China is subject to examination by the banks designated by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange. E-Home WFOE has not paid dividends and will not be able to pay dividends until it meets the requirements for statutory reserve funds.

 

C. Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.

 

See “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Intellectual Property.”

 

D. Trend Information

 

Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the period from June 30, 2022 to June 30, 2023 that are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that would cause the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.

 

E. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

 

Use of estimates

 

In preparing the consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are based on information as of the date of the consolidated financial statements. Significant estimates required to be made by management include, but are not limited to, the valuation of accounts receivable, prepayments, and other receivables, useful lives of property and equipment and intangible assets, the recoverability of long-lived assets and provision necessary for contingent liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

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ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

 

A. Directors and Senior Management

 

The following table sets forth certain information regarding our directors and executive officers as of the date hereof.

 

NAME   AGE   POSITION
Wenshan Xie   50   Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Chunsheng Zhu   58   Chief Financial Officer and Director
Chunming Xie   28   Director
Yijing Ye   58   Independent Director
Jianhua Wang   51   Independent Director
Heung Ming Henry Wong   54   Independent Director

 

Wenshan Xie. Mr. Xie is our founder and has served as our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman since May 23, 2019. He has served as Chief Executive Officer of E-Home Pingtan since 2014. Since 2007, Mr. Xie has also been the executive director and general manager of Fuzhou Bangchang. Mr. Xie is a pioneer in China’s home appliance service industry and has devoted himself to this industry for 15 years. He received his Executive Master of Business Administration degree from the School of Continuing Education at Tsinghua University in 2010.

 

Chunshen Zhu. Mr. Zhu has served as our Chief Financial Officer since November 23, 2020 and our director since November 30, 2020. Mr. Zhu has served as financial manager of E-Home Pingtan since July 2020. Before joining us, he was the finance director of Fujian Haixing Entertainment Company from January 1992 to June 1999 and financial manager at Fuzhou Mawei Shipping Co., Ltd. from February 2002 to September 2009. From July 2010 to March 2020, Mr. Zhu was the chief financial officer of Fujian Entrepreneurship Cooperation Electric Co., Ltd., a Chinese company with shares quoted on the National Equities Exchange and Quotations. Mr. Zhu graduated from Fujian Jimei Institute of Finance and Economics, where he majored in Industrial Accounting.

 

Chunming Xie. Ms. Xie has served as a securities affairs representative of the Company since May 2021. Before joining the Company, Ms. Xie was the operating manager of Shanghai Xinggong Technology Co., Ltd. from June 2018 to April 2021. Ms. Xie graduated from Shanghai University of Political Science and Law in June 2018 with a Bachelor of Laws degree.

 

Yijing Ye. Ms. Ye has served as our independent director since May 14, 2021. She has more than 20 years of extensive experience relating to financial analysis, accounting and financial management. Since 2009, Ms. Ye has been the Chief Financial Officer of Easen International, Inc., an international firm headquartered in San Diego that provides environmental and financial services for industrial clients, international development organizations and government agencies. From 2005 to 2009, she was a financial specialist at Easen International, Inc.’s Shanghai office. From 1999 to present, Ms. Ye has also acted as a freelance international consultant and participated in more than 30 international projects financed by various international organizations, such as the Asian Development Bank, the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation, in which she served as the international financial specialist, performing institutional, accounting, financial and economic assessment, forecasting, and comprehensive analysis using self-designed models or models approved by the banks. Ms. Ye holds a master’s degree in financial engineering from Shanghai Jiao Tong University, a Master of law in economics from Wuhan University, and a Bachelor of Science degree in finance and banking from Shanghai University of Finance and Economics.

 

Jianhua Wang. Mr. Wang has served as our independent director since May 14, 2021. Since 2009, Mr. Wang has acted as a senior manager at China Taiping Insurance Group Ltd, one of the largest insurance companies in China. From October 2016 to December 2018, he was a director of Yanguangwo (Beijing) Culture Development Co., Ltd. Mr. Wang holds a bachelor’s degree in financial management from Zhongnan University of Economics and Law.

 

Heung Ming Henry Wong. Mr. Wong has served as an independent director of the Company since March 2023. Mr. Wong has served as an Independent Director of Nature Wood Group Ltd. (Stock Ticker: NWGL) since September 14, 2023. Previously, Mr. Wong has served as an Independent Director of Shansheng Holding (Group) Limited, a company listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (Stock Code: 2183), since August 1, 2022, and Ostin Technology Group, a publicly traded company on the NASDAQ Stock Exchange (Stock Ticker: OST), since April 26, 2022. Mr. Wong has also served as an Independent Non-Executive Director at Helen’s International Holdings Limited, a company listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (Stock Code: 9869) since August 30, 2021, and TD Holdings , Inc, a publicly traded company on the NASDAQ Stock Exchange (Stock Ticker: GLG), since April 27, 2021, respectively. 

 

No family relationship exists between any of our directors and executive officers. There are no arrangements or understandings with major shareholders, customers, suppliers or others pursuant to which any person referred to above was selected as a director or member of senior management.

 

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B. Compensation

 

Executive Compensation

 

For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, the aggregate cash compensation and benefits that we paid to our executive officers was approximately $136,086.

 

Director Compensation

 

For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, we granted 5,000 ordinary shares to each of our independent directors, Yijing Ye, Jianhua Wang, Ratansha Vakil, and Mark W. Willis, under the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan as compensation for their services. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, we granted an aggregate of 500,000 shares to Wenshan Xie, chairman of the board and chief executive officer of the Company, under the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan as compensation for his services. We did not pay other compensation to our directors. Other than as described above, none of our directors or executive officers received any equity awards, including, options, restricted shares or other equity incentives in the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. We have not set aside or accrued any amount to provide pension, retirement or other similar benefits to our non-employee directors. Our PRC subsidiaries are required by law to make contributions equal to certain percentages of each employee’s salary for his or her pension insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance and other statutory benefits and a housing provident fund.

 

Employment Agreements

 

We have entered into employment agreements with each of our executive officers. Pursuant to these agreements, each of our executive officers is employed for an initial term of one year, and will be renewed automatically thereafter for successive one-year terms unless a one-month notice of non-renewal is given by one party to the other.

 

The executive officers are entitled to a fixed salary and to participate in our equity incentive plans, if any and other company benefits.

 

We may terminate the executive officer’s employment for cause, for certain acts, such as  the executive officer’s willful and continued failure to substantially perform his/her duties hereunder (other than as a result of total or partial incapacity due to physical or mental illness), dishonesty in the performance of the executive officer’s duties, an act or acts on the executive officer’s part constituting a felony under the laws of the PRC or of the United States or any state , any other act or omission which is materially injurious to the financial condition or business reputation of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates, or the executive officer’s breach of non-competition, non-solicitation and confidentiality clauses of the employment agreement.

 

Each of our executive officers has agreed to keep in strict confidence all non-public information relating to the business, financial condition and other aspects of the Company, including but not limited to trade secrets, business methods, products, processes, procedures, development or experimental projects, plans, service providers, customers and users, intellectual property, information technology and any other information which is material to the Company’s business operations, and without the prior express written approval of the Company, may not disclose or provide to any person, firm, corporation or entity such non-public information, and may not use such non-public information for any purpose other than to fulfill his responsibilities as an officer in the best interest of the Company.

 

Share Incentive Plans

 

2022 Plan

 

The Board of Directors of the Company approved and adopted the Company’s 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2022 Plan”) on May 9, 2022. The total aggregate ordinary shares of the Company authorized for issuance during the term of the 2022 Plan is limited to 5,000,000 shares. The share number is pre-September 2022 Reverse Stock Split, pre-April 2023 Reverse Stock Split and pre–September 2023 Reverse Stock Split.

 

As of November 3, 2023, 3000 shares were granted and outstanding under the 2022 Plan. The following paragraphs summarize the terms of the 2022 Plan:

 

Eligible Award Recipients. The persons eligible to receive Awards are the Employees, Consultants and Directors of the Company and its Affiliates and such other individuals designated by the Committee who are reasonably expected to become Employees, Consultants and Directors after the receipt of Awards.

 

Available Awards. Awards that may be granted under the Plan include: (a) Incentive Share Options, (b) Non-qualified Share Options, (c) Share Appreciation Rights, (d) Restricted Awards, (e) Performance Share Awards, and (f) Performance Compensation Awards.

 

Authority of Committee. The 2022 Plan shall be administered by the Committee or, in the Board’s sole discretion, by the Board. 

 

Shares Subject to the 2022 Plan. Subject to adjustment, a total of 5,000,000 Ordinary Share shall be available for the grant of Awards under the 2022 Plan.

 

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Term. Subject to the provisions of regarding Ten Percent Shareholders, no Incentive Share Option shall be exercisable after the expiration of 10 years from the Grant Date. The term of a Non-qualified Share Option granted under the Plan shall be determined by the Committee; provided, however, no Non-qualified Share Option shall be exercisable after the expiration of 10 years from the Grant Date.

 

On June 22, 2022, the granted 5,000 ordinary shares (3 shares retrospectively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on September 23, 2022, April 12, 2023 and September 25, 2023) to each of our independent directors, Yijing Ye, Jianhua Wang, Ratansha Vakil, and Mark W. Willis, under the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan as compensation for their services. On June 22, 2022, we granted an aggregate of 500,000 shares (250 shares retrospectively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on September 23, 2022, April 12, 2023 and September 25, 2023) to Wenshan Xie, chairman of the board and chief executive officer of the Company, under the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan as compensation for his services.

 

2023 Plan

 

The Board of Directors of the Company approved and adopted the Company’s 2023 Share Incentive Plan (the “2023 Plan”) on May 15, 2023. The total aggregate ordinary shares of the Company authorized for issuance during the term of the 2023 Plan is limited to 6,000,000 shares. The share number is pre September 2023 Reveres Stock Split.

 

As of November 3, 2023, 260,000 post reverse split shares were granted and outstanding under the 2023 Plan. The following paragraphs summarize the terms of the 2023 Plan:

  

Administration of the Plan The authority to manage the operation of and administer the Plan shall be vested in the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) or the Compensation Committee (the “Committee”) as delegated by the Board. The Board or Committee if so delegated by the Board shall be hereinafter referred to as the “Administrator.” To qualify as the Administrator, the Committee shall consist of and maintain two or more directors who are (i) “Independent Directors” (as such term is defined under the rules of the NASDAQ Stock Market) and (ii) “Non-Employee Directors” (as such term is defined in Rule 16b-3), which shall serve at the pleasure of the Board. 

 

Designation of Optionees and Grantees. The persons eligible for participation in the Plan as recipients of Options (the “Optionees”) or Restricted Stock (the “Grantees” and together with Optionees, the “Participants”) shall include directors, officers and employees of, and consultants and advisors to, the Company or any subsidiary; provided that Incentive Options may only be granted to employees of the Company and any Subsidiary. In selecting Participants, and in determining the number of shares to be covered by each Option or award of Restricted Stock granted to Participants, the Administrator may consider any factors it deems relevant, including, without limitation, the office or position held by the Participant or the Participant’s relationship to the Company, the Participant’s degree of responsibility for and contribution to the growth and success of the Company or any Subsidiary, the Participant’s length of service, promotions and potential. A Participant who has been granted an Option or Restricted Stock hereunder may be granted an additional Option or Options, or Restricted Stock if the Administrator shall so determine. 

 

Stock Reserved for the Plan. Subject to adjustment, a maximum of 6,000,000 of the Company’s Ordinary Shares are subject to the 2023 Plan.


Term of Plan. No Securities shall be granted pursuant to the Plan on or after the date which is ten years from the effective date of the 2023 Plan, but Options and awards of Restricted Stock theretofore granted may extend beyond that date.

 

On June 3, 2023, the Compensation Committee of the Board of the Company (the “Compensation Committee”) granted 2,600,000 pre reverse split shares to employees and directors under 2023 Plan.

 

C. Board Practices

 

Board Composition and Committees

 

The Nasdaq Marketplace Rules generally require that a majority of an issuer’s board of directors must consist of independent directors. Our board of directors currently consists of six directors, including three independent directors, namely, Ms. Yijing Ye, Mr. Jianhua Wang and Mr. Heung Ming Henry Wong, therefore we currently don’t have a majority of our board of directors consisting of independent directors. We are in the process of considering to adopt our home country practice in lieu of majority independent board requirement under Nasdaq governance rule as a foreign private issuer, or add one more independent director or reduce one executive director on our board.

 

A director is not required to hold any shares in our company to qualify to serve as a director. Our board of directors may exercise all the powers of our company to borrow money, mortgage or charge its undertaking, property and uncalled capital, and to issue debentures, bonds and other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the company or of any third-party.

 

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A director who is to his knowledge in any way, whether directly or indirectly, interested in a contract or proposed contract with our company is required to declare the nature of his interest at a meeting of our directors. A director may vote in respect of any contract, proposed contract, or arrangement notwithstanding that he may be interested therein, and if he/she does so his/her vote shall be counted and he may be counted in the quorum at any meeting of our directors at which any such contract or proposed contract or arrangement is considered.

 

Board Diversity Matrix

 

The following table sets forth Board’s current level diversity statistics based on self-identification of members of our Board as of November 3, 2023.

 

Board Diversity Matrix
Country of Principal Executive Offices:     P.R. China  
Foreign Private Issuer:     Yes  
Disclosure Prohibited Under Home Country Law:     No  
Total Number of Directors     6  

 

    Female     Male     Non-Binary     Did Not
Disclose
Gender
 
Part I: Gender Identity
Directors     2       4       0       0  
Part II: Demographic Background                                                                     
Underrepresented Individual in Home Country Jurisdiction                     0          
LGBTQ+                     0          
Did Not Disclose Demographic Background                     0          

 

Board Committees

 

The Board has established three standing committees: Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Each of the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is comprised entirely of independent directors. From time to time, the Board may establish other committees. The Board has adopted a written charter for each of the Committees which are available on the corporate governance page of our website at www.ej111.com. Printed copies of these charters may be obtained, without charge, by contacting the Corporate Secretary, E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited, E-Home, 18/F, East Tower, Building B, Dongbai Center, Yangqiao Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou City 350001, People’s Republic of China

 

Each committee’s members and functions are described below.

 

Audit Committee

 

Our audit committee consists of three directors, namely, Ms. Yijing Ye, Mr. Heung Ming Henry Wong and Mr. Jianhua Wang, each of whom satisfies the “independence” requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act and Section 5605 of the Nasdaq Marketplace Rules. Mr. Heung Ming Henry Wong is the chairperson of our audit committee. The board of directors has also determined that Mr. Heung Ming Henry Wong qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert.” The audit committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our company. The audit committee is responsible for, among other things:

 

  appointing the independent auditors and pre-approving all auditing and non-auditing services permitted to be performed by the independent auditors;

 

  reviewing with the independent auditors any audit problems or difficulties and management’s response;

 

  discussing the annual audited financial statements with management and the independent auditors;

 

  reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our accounting and internal control policies and procedures and any steps taken to monitor and control major financial risk exposures;

 

  reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions;

 

  meeting separately and periodically with management and the independent auditors; and

 

  monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensure proper compliance.

 

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Compensation Committee

 

Our compensation committee consists of three directors, namely, Ms. Yijing Ye and Mr. Jianhua Wang, each of whom satisfies the “independence” requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act and Section 5605 of the Nasdaq Marketplace Rules. Ms. Ye is the chairperson of our compensation committee. The compensation committee assists the board in reviewing and approving the compensation structure, including all forms of compensation, relating to our directors and executive officers. Our chief executive officer may not be present at any committee meeting during which his compensation is deliberated. The compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:

 

  reviewing and approving, or recommending to the board for its approval, the compensation for our chief executive officer and other executive officers;

 

  reviewing and recommending to the board for determination with respect to the compensation of our non-employee directors;

 

  reviewing periodically and approving any incentive compensation or equity plans, programs or similar arrangements; and

 

  selecting compensation consultant, legal counsel or other adviser only after taking into consideration all factors relevant to that person’s independence from management.

 

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

 

Our nominating and corporate governance committee consists of four directors, namely, Mr. Jianhua Wang and Ms. Yijing Ye, each of whom satisfies the “independence” requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act and Section 5605 of the Nasdaq Marketplace Rules. Mr. Wenshan Xie is the chairperson of our nominating and corporate governance committee. The nominating and corporate governance committee assists the board of directors in selecting individuals qualified to become our directors and in determining the composition of the board and its committees. The nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for, among other things:

 

  selecting and recommending to the board nominees for election by the shareholders or appointment by the board;

 

  reviewing annually with the board the current composition of the board with regards to characteristics such as independence, knowledge, skills, experience and diversity;

 

  making recommendations on the frequency and structure of board meetings and monitoring the functioning of the committees of the board; and

 

  advising the board periodically with regards to significant developments in the law and practice of corporate governance as well as our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to the board on all matters of corporate governance and on any remedial action to be taken.

 

Duties of Directors

 

Under Cayman Islands law, our directors have a fiduciary duty to our company to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to our best interests. Our directors also owe to our company a duty to act with skill and care. It was previously considered that a director need not exhibit in the performance of his duties a greater degree of skill than may reasonably be expected from a person of his knowledge and experience. However, English and Commonwealth courts have moved towards an objective standard with regard to the required skill and care and these authorities are likely to be followed in the Cayman Islands. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directors must ensure compliance with our memorandum and articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time. Our company has the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors is breached. In limited exceptional circumstances, a shareholder may have the right to seek damages in our name if a duty owed by our directors is breached. You should refer to “Item. Additional Information – B. Memorandum and Articles of Association - Differences in Corporate Law” for additional information on our standard of corporate governance under Cayman Islands law.

  

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A director who is in any way, whether directly or indirectly, interested in a contract or proposed contract with our company is required to declare the nature of his interest at a meeting of our directors. A director may vote in respect of any contract, proposed contract, or arrangement notwithstanding that he may be interested therein, and if he does so his vote shall be counted and he may be counted in the quorum at any meeting of our directors at which any such contract or proposed contract or arrangement is considered. Our board of directors may exercise all the powers of our company to borrow money, mortgage or charge its undertaking, property and uncalled capital, and to issue debentures, bonds and other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the company or of any third party.

 

The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:

 

  convening shareholders’ annual general meetings and reporting its work to shareholders at such meetings;

 

  declaring dividends and distributions;

 

  appointing officers and determining the term of office of officers;

 

  exercising the borrowing powers of our company and mortgaging the property of our company; and

 

  approving the transfer of shares of our company, including the registering of such shares in our share register.

 

Terms of Directors and Officers

 

Our officers are elected by and serve at the discretion of our board of directors. Our directors are not subject to a term of office and hold office until such time as they are removed from office by ordinary resolution of the shareholders or until the expiration of his term or his successor has been elected and qualified. A director will be removed from office automatically if, among other thing, the director (i) dies or becomes bankrupt or makes any arrangement or composition with his creditors generally; (ii) without special leave of absence from the Board, is absent from meetings of the Board for six consecutive meetings and the Board resolves that his office be vacated; (iii) is found to be or becomes of unsound mind; (iv) resigns his office by notice in writing to our company; (v) is prohibited by law from being a director; and (vi) is removed from the office pursuant to any other provisions of our memorandum and articles of association.

 

D. Employees

 

As of June 30, 2023, we had a total of 528 employees. The following table shows the number of our employees by function.

 

Function   Number of
Employees
 
Management     8  
Finance     24  
Product Development     20  
Human Resource Administration     26  
Sales Center-Director     1  
Sales Center-Warehouse Logistics     10  
Sales Center-Purchasing     8  
Sales Center-Planning     15  
Sales Center-Customer Service     67  
Sales Center-Marketing     315  
Sales Center-Senior Care Service     25  
Sales Center-Housekeeping     9  
Total     528  

 

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As required by laws and regulations in China, we contribute to various statutory employee benefit plans that are organized by municipal and provincial governments, including pension, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, work-related injury insurance and maternity insurance plans as well as the housing provident fund. We are required under Chinese law to make contributions to employee benefit plans at specified percentages of the salaries, bonuses and certain allowances of our employees, up to a maximum amount specified by the local government from time to time.

 

We enter into standard labor contracts with our key employees. The labor contract with our key personnel typically includes a standard non-compete covenant that prohibits the employee from competing with us, directly or indirectly, during his or her employment. It also has a standard confidentiality and intellectual property provision prohibiting employees from disclosing our confidential information obtained during the employment to any third party.

 

E. Share Ownership

 

The following table sets forth information with respect to beneficial ownership of our share capital as of November 3, 2023 by:

 

  Each of our directors (including our director nominees) and named executive officers;
     
  All directors (including our director nominees) and named executive officers as a group; and
     
  Each person who is known by us to beneficially own 5% or more of each class of our voting securities.

 

    Ordinary Shares
Beneficially Owned
 
    Number(1)     Percent of
Class(2)
 
Directors and Executive Officers:            
Wenshan Xie, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer     230,969       1.55 %
Chunsheng Zhu, Chief Financial Officer and Director    

5,000

      *  
Chunming Xie, Director     5,000       *  
Yijing Ye, Independent Director     4       *  
Jianhua Wang, Independent Director     10,003       *  
Heung Ming Henry Wong, Independent Director     12,000       *  
All directors and executive officers as a group     262,976       1.76 %

 

* Less than 1%.

 

(1) Beneficial Ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Except as noted below, each of the beneficial owners listed above has direct ownership of and sole voting power and investment power with respect to ordinary shares. For each beneficial owner above, any options exercisable within 60 days have been included in the denominator. Unless otherwise noted, the business address of each of the directors and executive officers is E-Home, 18/F, East Tower, Building B, Dongbai Center, Yangqiao Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou City 350001, People’s Republic of China.

 

(2) A total of 14,922,234 ordinary shares are considered to be outstanding pursuant to SEC Rule 13d-3(d)(1) as of November 3, 2023.

 

None of our major shareholders have different voting rights from other shareholders. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at a subsequent date, result in a change of control of our company.

 

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ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

 

A. Major Shareholders

 

Please refer to Item 6 “Directors, Senior Management and Employees—E. Share Ownership.”

 

B. Related Party Transactions

 

As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company had $442,825 and $108,761 payable balances to Mr. Wenshan Xie, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, for temporary working capital needs, respectively. As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company had $1,249,387 and $0 payable balances to Ms. Ling Chen, a shareholder of Zhongrun, a major subsidiary of the Company, for temporary working capital needs, respectively.

 

During the year ended June 30, 2023, Mr. Xie made payment of $624,385 for temporary working capital needs of the Company and the Company repaid $270,998 to Mr. Xie. During the year ended June 30, 2023, Ms. Chen made payment of $1,277,124 for temporary working capital needs of the Company. During the year ended June 30, 2022, Mr. Xie made payment of $339,045 for temporary working capital needs of the Company and the Company repaid $29,514 to Mr. Xie. During the year ended June 30, 2021, Mr. Xie made payment of $63,975 for temporary working capital needs of the Company and the Company repaid $24,575 to Mr. Xie.

 

As of June 30, 2023, the Company had $4,295,120 receivable balance from E-Home Group Limited, a company controlled by CEO and Chairman of the Company, Mr. Wenshan Xie, for temporary lending. The balance was included in due from related parties presented on the Company’s balance sheet. The Company expects to fully collect the balance of due from related parties by December 31, 2023. For the year ended June 30, 2023, the Company loaned $4,295,120 to E-Home Group Limited for temporary lending.

 

On June 22, 2022, the Company granted 520,000 ordinary shares (260 shares retrospectively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on September 23, 2022, April 12, 2023 and September 25, 2023) to its directors and officers as their compensations at a fair value of $167,700 (par value of $52 and additional paid-in capital of $167,648).

 

On June 21, 2021, the Company granted 6,000 ordinary shares (3 shares retrospectively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on September 23, 2022, April 12, 2023 and September 25, 2023) to three of its independent directors (2,000 shares for each director) as their compensations at a fair value of $213,840 (ordinary shares of $1 and additional paid-in capital of $213,839).

 

C. Interests of Experts and Counsel

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information

 

Financial Statements

 

We have appended consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report. The financial statements required by this item may be found at the end of this report on 20-F, beginning on page F-1.

 

Legal Proceedings 

 

From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. However, litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm our business. We are currently not aware of any such legal proceedings or claims that we believe will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results.

 

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Dividend Policy

 

We do not have any plan to declare or pay any dividends in the near future. We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings to operate and expand our business.

 

Our board of directors has complete discretion, subject to certain requirements of Cayman Islands law, in deciding whether to distribute dividends. Even if our board of directors decides to pay dividends, the timing, amount and form of future dividends, if any, will depend on, among other things, our future results of operations and cash flow, our capital requirements and surplus, the amount of distributions, if any, received by us from our subsidiaries, our financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors.

 

We are a holding company with no material operations of our own. PRC regulations may restrict the ability of E-Home WFOE to pay dividends to us. As a result, our ability to pay dividends and to finance any debt we may incur depends upon dividends paid by E-Home WFOE. If E-Home WFOE or other PRC subsidiaries incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing their debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends to us.

 

B. No Significant Changes

 

Except as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, no significant change has occurred since the date of our consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report.

 

ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING

 

A. Offer and Listing Details

 

Our Ordinary Shares have been listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market since March 14, 2021. Our Ordinary Shares trade under the symbol “EJH.”

 

B. Plan of Distribution

 

Not applicable.

 

C. Markets

 

See our disclosures above under “A. Offer and Listing Details.”

 

D. Selling Shareholders

 

Not applicable.

 

E. Dilution

 

Not applicable.

 

F. Expenses of the Issue

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

A. Share Capital

 

Not applicable.

 

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B. Memorandum and Articles of Association

 

We are a Cayman Islands exempted company with limited liability and our affairs are governed by our memorandum and articles of association, and the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands, which is referred to as the Companies Act below.

 

As of November 3, 2023, the authorized share capital of the Company is US$100,020,000 divided into (x) 500,000,000 shares designated as ordinary shares with a par value of US$0.2 per share and (y) 10,000,000 shares designated as preferred shares with a par value of US$0.002 per share, among which 14,922,234 ordinary shares are issued and outstanding.

 

The following are summaries of material provisions of our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association and the Companies Act insofar as they relate to the material terms of our ordinary shares. We incorporate by reference into this annual report our Third Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association, filed as Exhibit 3.1 to this annual report, as amended. Our shareholders adopted our Third Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association by a special resolution on September 15, 2023.

 

Ordinary Shares

 

General

 

All of our outstanding ordinary shares are fully paid and non-assessable. Certificates representing the ordinary shares are issued in registered form. Our shareholders who are non-residents of the Cayman Islands may freely hold and vote their ordinary shares.

 

Dividends

 

The holders of our ordinary shares are entitled to such dividends as may be declared by our board of directors subject to the Companies Act and to the third amended and restated articles of association.

 

Voting Rights

 

On all matters upon which the ordinary shares are entitled to vote, at any general meeting on a show of hands every shareholder present in person, by corporate representative or by proxy, has one vote and on a poll, every shareholder so present has one vote for every fully paid share of which they are the holder. Voting at any meeting of shareholders is by poll unless the chairman of the meeting may in good faith, allow a resolution which relates purely to a procedural or administrative matter to be voted on by a show of hands.

 

An ordinary resolution to be passed by the shareholders requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of votes attached to the ordinary shares cast in a general meeting, while a special resolution requires the affirmative vote of no less than two-thirds of votes cast in a general meeting. A special resolution will be required for important matters such as a change of name or making changes to our memorandum and articles of association.

 

Transfer of Ordinary Shares

 

Subject to the restrictions contained in our third amended and restated articles of association, as applicable, any of our shareholders may transfer all or any of his or her ordinary shares by an instrument of transfer in the usual or common form or any other form approved by our board of directors.

 

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Our board of directors may, in its absolute discretion, decline to register any transfer of any ordinary share (not being a fully paid up share) to a person of whom it does not approve, or any share issued under any share incentive scheme for employees upon which a restriction on transfer imposed thereby still subsists, and it may also, without prejudice to the foregoing generality, refuse to register a transfer of any share to more than four joint holders or a transfer of any share (not being a fully paid up share) on which we have a lien. Our board of directors may also decline to register any transfer of any ordinary share unless:

 

  the instrument of transfer is lodged with us, accompanied by the certificate for the ordinary shares to which it relates and such other evidence as our board of directors may reasonably require to show the right of the transferor to make the transfer;

 

  the instrument of transfer is in respect of only one class of ordinary shares;

 

  the instrument of transfer is properly stamped, if required; and

 

  any fee related to the transfer has been paid to us.

 

If our directors refuse to register a transfer they shall, within three months after the date on which the instrument of transfer was lodged, send to each of the transferor and the transferee notice of such refusal.

 

Liquidation

 

On a return of capital on winding up or otherwise (other than on conversion, redemption or purchase of ordinary shares), assets available for distribution among the holders of ordinary shares shall be distributed among the holders of the ordinary shares on a pro rata basis. If our assets available for distribution are insufficient to repay all of the paid-up capital, the assets will be distributed so that the losses are borne by our shareholders proportionately.

 

Calls on Ordinary Shares and Forfeiture of Ordinary Shares

 

Our board of directors may from time to time make calls upon shareholders for any amounts unpaid on their ordinary shares. The ordinary shares that have been called upon and remain unpaid are subject to forfeiture.

 

Redemption of Ordinary Shares

 

Subject to the provisions of the Companies Act and other applicable law, we may issue shares on terms that are subject to redemption, at our option or at the option of the holders, on such terms and in such manner, including out of capital, as may be determined by the board of directors.

 

Variations of Rights of Shares

 

If at any time, our share capital is divided into different classes of shares, all or any of the special rights attached to any class of shares may, subject to the provisions of the Companies Act, be varied with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a general meeting of the holders of the shares of that class. Consequently, the rights of any class of shares cannot be detrimentally altered without a majority of two-thirds of the vote of all of the shares in that class. The rights conferred upon the holders of the shares of any class issued with preferred or other rights shall not, unless otherwise expressly provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class, be deemed to be varied by the creation or issue of further shares ranking pari passu with such existing class of shares.

 

General Meetings of Shareholders

 

Shareholders’ meetings may be convened by a majority of our board of directors or our chairman. Advance notice of at least ten (10) clear days is required for the convening of any general meeting of our shareholders. A quorum required for a meeting of shareholders consists of at least two shareholders present or by proxy, representing not less than one-third of the votes attached to the then issued share capital of the company.

 

Inspection of Books and Records

 

Holders of our ordinary shares will have no general right under Cayman Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list of shareholders or our corporate records. However, our third amended and restated articles of association provide our shareholders with the right to inspect our list of shareholders and to receive annual audited financial statements in accordance with the third amended and restated articles of association. See “Where You Can Find Additional Information.”

 

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Changes in Capital

 

We may from time to time by ordinary resolution:

 

  increase the share capital by such sum, to be divided into shares of such classes and amount, as the resolution shall prescribe;

 

  consolidate and divide all or any of our share capital into shares of a larger amount than our existing shares;

 

  divide our shares into several classes and without prejudice to any special rights previously conferred on the holders of existing shares attach thereto respectively any preferential, deferred, qualified or special rights, privileges, conditions or such restrictions which in the absence of any such determination by us in general meeting, as the directors may determine;

 

  sub-divide our existing shares, or any of them into shares of a smaller amount; or

 

  cancel any shares which, at the date of the passing of the resolution, have not been taken or agreed to be taken by any person and diminish the amount of our share capital by the amount of the shares so cancelled.

 

We may by special resolution reduce our share capital or any capital redemption reserve in any manner permitted by law.

 

Exempted Company

 

We are an exempted company with limited liability under the Companies Act of the Cayman Islands. The Companies Act in the Cayman Islands distinguishes between ordinary resident companies and exempted companies. Any company that is registered in the Cayman Islands but conducts business mainly outside of the Cayman Islands may apply to be registered as an exempted company. The requirements for an exempted company are essentially the same as for an ordinary company except for the exemptions and privileges listed below:

 

  an exempted company does not have to file an annual return of its shareholders with the Registrar of Companies;

 

  an exempted company’s register of members is not open to inspection;

 

  an exempted company does not have to hold an annual general meeting;

 

 

an exempted company may issue shares with no par value;

 

  an exempted company may obtain an undertaking against the imposition of any future taxation (such undertakings are usually given for 20 years in the first instance);

 

  an exempted company may register by way of continuation in another jurisdiction and be deregistered in the Cayman Islands;

 

  an exempted company may register as a limited duration company;

 

  an exempted company may register as a segregated portfolio company; and
     
 

may apply to be registered as a special economic zone company.

 

“Limited liability” means that the liability of each shareholder is limited to the amount unpaid by the shareholder on the shares of the company. We are subject to reporting and other informational requirements of the Exchange Act, as applicable to foreign private issuers. As a foreign private issuer, we may from time to time elect to follow home country practice in lieu of the Nasdaq Marketplace Rules.

 

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Differences in Corporate Law

 

The Companies Act is modeled after that of England and Wales but does not follow recent statutory enactments in England. In addition, the Companies Act differs from laws applicable to United States corporations and their shareholders. Set forth below is a summary of the significant differences between the provisions of the Companies Act applicable to us and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the State of Delaware.

 

Mergers and Similar Arrangements

 

A merger of two or more constituent companies under Cayman Islands law requires a plan of merger or consolidation to be approved by the directors of each constituent company and authorization by each constituent company by way of (a) a special resolution of the members of each constituent company; and (b) such other authorization, if any, as may be specified in such constituent company’s articles of association.

 

A merger between a Cayman parent company and its Cayman subsidiary or subsidiaries does not require authorization by a resolution of shareholders. For this purpose, a subsidiary is a company of which at least ninety percent (90%) of the issued shares entitled to vote are owned by the parent company.

 

The consent of each holder of a fixed or floating security interest over a constituent company is required unless this requirement is waived by a court in the Cayman Islands.

 

Save in certain circumstances, a dissentient shareholder of a Cayman constituent company is entitled to payment of the fair value of his shares upon dissenting to a merger or consolidation. The exercise of appraisal rights will preclude the exercise of any other rights save for the right to seek relief on the grounds that the merger or consolidation is void or unlawful.

 

In addition, there are statutory provisions that facilitate the reconstruction and amalgamation of companies by way of schemes of arrangement, provided that the arrangement is approved by seventy-five per cent in value of the members or class of members, as the case may be, with whom the arrangement is to be made, or a majority in number of each class of creditors with whom the arrangement is to be made, and who must in addition represent seventy-five per cent in value of each such class of creditors, as the case may be, that are present and voting either in person or by proxy at a meeting, or meetings, convened for that purpose. The convening of the meetings and subsequently the arrangement must be sanctioned by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands. While a dissenting shareholder has the right to express to the court the view that the transaction ought not to be approved, the court can be expected to approve the arrangement if it determines that:

 

  the statutory provisions as to the required majority vote have been met;

 

  the shareholders have been fairly represented at the meeting in question and the statutory majority are acting bona fide without coercion of the minority to promote interests adverse to those of the class;

 

  the arrangement is such that may be reasonably approved by an intelligent and honest man of that class acting in respect of his interest; and

 

  the arrangement is not one that would more properly be sanctioned under some other provision of the Companies Act.

 

When a takeover offer is made and accepted by holders of 90% of the shares within four months, the offeror may, within a two-month period commencing on the expiration of such four-month period, require the holders of the remaining shares to transfer such shares on the terms of the offer. An objection can be made to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands but this is unlikely to succeed in the case of an offer which has been so approved unless there is evidence of fraud, bad faith or collusion.

 

If an arrangement and reconstruction is thus approved, the dissenting shareholder would have no rights comparable to appraisal rights, which would otherwise ordinarily be available to dissenting shareholders of Delaware corporations, providing rights to receive payment in cash for the judicially determined value of the shares.

 

The Companies Act also contains statutory provisions which provide that a company may present a petition to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands for the appointment of a restructuring officer on the grounds that the company (a) is or is likely to become unable to pay its debts within the meaning of section 93 of the Companies Act; and (b) intends to present a compromise or arrangement to its creditors (or classes thereof) either, pursuant to the Companies Act, the law of a foreign country or by way of a consensual restructuring. The petition may be presented by a company acting by its directors, without a resolution of its members or an express power in its articles of association. On hearing such a petition, the Cayman Islands court may, among other things, make an order appointing a restructuring officer or make any other order as the court thinks fit.

 

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Shareholders’ Suits

 

In principle, we will normally be the proper plaintiff and as a general rule a derivative action may not be brought by a minority shareholder. However, based on English authorities, which would in all likelihood be of persuasive authority in the Cayman Islands, there are exceptions to the foregoing principle, including when:

 

  a company acts or proposes to act illegally or ultra vires;

 

  the act complained of, although not ultra vires, could only be effected duly if authorized by the number of votes which have actually been obtained; and

 

  those who control the company are perpetrating a “fraud on the minority.”

 

Indemnification of Directors and Executive Officers and Limitation of Liability

 

Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime. Our third amended and restated memorandum and articles of association permit indemnification of officers and directors for losses, damages, costs and expenses incurred in their capacities as such unless such losses or damages arise from dishonesty or fraud which may attach to such directors or officers. This standard of conduct is generally the same as permitted under Delaware corporate law for a Delaware corporation. In addition, we intend to enter into indemnification agreements with our directors and senior executive officers that will provide such persons with additional indemnification beyond that provided in our third amended and restated memorandum and articles of association.

 

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers or persons controlling us under the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

 

Anti-Takeover Provisions in the Third Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association

 

Some provisions of our third amended and restated memorandum and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company or management that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more series and to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares without any further vote or action by our shareholders.

 

However, under Cayman Islands law, our directors may only exercise the rights and powers granted to them under our third amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, for what they believe in good faith to be in the best interests of our company.

 

Directors’ Fiduciary Duties

 

Under Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its shareholders. This duty has two components: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent person would exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to shareholders, all material information reasonably available regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation. He or she must not use his or her corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits self-dealing by a director and mandates that the best interest of the corporation and its shareholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling shareholder and not shared by the shareholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the action taken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should such evidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, a director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fair value to the corporation.

 

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As a matter of Cayman Islands law, a director of a Cayman Islands company is in the position of a fiduciary with respect to the company and therefore it is considered that he owes the following duties to the company — a duty to act bona fide in the best interests of the company, a duty not to make a profit based on his or her position as director (unless the company permits him to do so) and a duty not to put himself in a position where the interests of the company conflict with his or her personal interest or his or her duty to a third party. A director of a Cayman Islands company owes to the company a duty to act with skill and care. It was previously considered that a director need not exhibit in the performance of his or her duties a greater degree of skill than may reasonably be expected from a person of his or her knowledge and experience. However, English and Commonwealth courts have moved towards an objective standard with regard to the required skill and care and these authorities are likely to be followed in the Cayman Islands.

 

Shareholder Action by Written Consent

 

Under the Delaware corporate law, a corporation may eliminate the right of shareholders to act by written consent by amendment to its certificate of incorporation. Cayman Islands law and our third amended and restated articles of association provide that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a unanimous written resolution signed by or on behalf of each shareholder who would have been entitled to vote on such matter at a general meeting without a meeting being held.

 

Shareholder Proposals

 

Under the Delaware corporate law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with the notice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governing documents, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings.

 

Neither Cayman Islands law nor our third amended and restated articles of association allow our shareholders to requisition a shareholders’ meeting. As an exempted Cayman Islands company, we are not obliged by law to call shareholders’ annual general meetings. Our third amended and restated articles of association do not require us to call such meetings every year.

 

Cumulative Voting

 

Under the Delaware corporate law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the corporation’s certificate of incorporation specifically provides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholder to cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director. As permitted under Cayman Islands law, our third amended and restated articles of association do not provide for cumulative voting. As a result, our shareholders are not afforded any less protections or rights on this issue than shareholders of a Delaware corporation.

 

Removal of Directors

 

Under the Delaware corporate law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under our third amended and restated articles of association, directors may be removed by ordinary resolution.

 

Transactions with Interested Shareholders

 

Delaware corporate law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware corporations whereby, unless the corporation has specifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain business combinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholder generally is a person or a group who or which owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting stock within the past three years. This has the effect of limiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a two-tiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if, among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware corporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.

 

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Cayman Islands law has no comparable statute. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delaware business combination statute. However, although Cayman Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, it does provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and for a proper corporate purpose and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on the minority shareholders.

 

Dissolution; Winding Up

 

Under the Delaware corporate law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding 100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of the corporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority voting requirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. Under Cayman Islands law, a company may be wound up by either an order of the courts of the Cayman Islands or by a special resolution of its members or, if the company is unable to pay its debts, by an ordinary resolution of its members. The court has authority to order winding up in a number of specified circumstances including where it is, in the opinion of the court, just and equitable to do so.

 

Under the Companies Act of the Cayman Islands and our third amended and restated articles of association, our company may be dissolved, liquidated or wound up by the vote of holders of two-thirds of our shares voting at a meeting or the unanimous written resolution of all shareholders.

 

Variation of Rights of Shares

 

Under the Delaware corporate law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of such class, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under Cayman Islands law and our third amended and restated articles of association, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class only with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a general meeting of the holders of the shares of that class.

 

Amendment of Governing Documents

 

Under the Delaware corporate law, a corporation’s governing documents may be amended with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. As permitted by Cayman Islands law, our third amended and restated memorandum and articles of association may only be amended by special resolution or the unanimous written resolution of all shareholders.

 

Rights of Non-Resident or Foreign Shareholders

 

There are no limitations imposed by our third amended and restated memorandum and articles of association on the rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on our shares. In addition, there are no provisions in our third amended and restated memorandum and articles of association governing the ownership threshold above which shareholder ownership must be disclosed.

 

Directors’ Power to Issue Shares

 

Subject to applicable law, our board of directors is empowered to issue or allot shares or grant options and warrants with or without preferred, deferred, qualified or other special rights or restrictions.

 

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C. Material Contracts

 

We have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in Item 4 “Information on the Company,” Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review” Item 7 “Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions,” or filed (or incorporated by reference) as exhibits to this annual report or otherwise described or referenced in this annual report.

 

D. Exchange Controls

 

PRC Exchange Controls

 

Regulations on Foreign Currency Exchange

 

Under the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued by SAFE and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade and service payments, payment of interest and dividends can be made without prior approval from SAFE by following the appropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRC for the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments, loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from SAFE or its local office.

 

On February 13, 2015, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency Management Policy on Direct Investment, effective from June 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment from SAFE. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for the purpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed with qualified banks, which, under the supervision of SAFE, may review the application and process the registration.

 

The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreign-invested Enterprise, or SAFE Circular 19, was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to SAFE Circular 19, a foreign-invested enterprise may, according to its actual business needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchange bureau has confirmed monetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the account-crediting of monetary contribution). For the time being, foreign-invested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreign-invested enterprise shall truthfully use its capital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreign-invested enterprise makes domestic equity investment with the amount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic re-investment registration and open a corresponding Account for Foreign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming and Regulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts, or SAFE Circular 16, was promulgated and became effective on June 9, 2016. According to SAFE Circular 16, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreign currency into Renminbi at the enterprise’s discretion. SAFE Circular 16 provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items (including but not limited to foreign currency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. SAFE Circular 16 reiterates the principle that Renminbi converted from foreign currency-denominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope and may not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guarantee the principal in the PRC unless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless it is within the business scope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.

 

On January 26, 2017, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration and Optimizing Genuineness and Compliance Verification, or SAFE Circular 3, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits from domestic entities to offshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution, original copies of tax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses before remitting any profits. Moreover, pursuant to SAFE Circular 3, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provide board resolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.

 

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On October 25, 2019, SAFE promulgated the Notice on Further Facilitating Cross-Board Trade and Investment, which became effective on the same date (except for Article 8.2 thereof). The notice removed restrictions on the capital equity investment in China by non-investment foreign-invested enterprises. In addition, restrictions on the use of funds for foreign exchange settlement of domestic accounts for the realization of assets have been removed and restrictions on the use and foreign exchange settlement of foreign investors’ security deposits have been relaxed. Eligible enterprises in the pilot areas are also allowed to use revenues under capital accounts, such as capital funds, foreign debts and overseas listing revenues for domestic payments without providing materials to the bank in advance for authenticity verification on an item by item basis, while the use of funds should be true, in compliance with applicable rules and conforming to the current capital revenue management regulations.

 

Regulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC Residents

 

SAFE issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Issues Concerning the Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore Special Purpose Vehicles, to regulate foreign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investment and financing or conduct round trip investment in China. SAFE Circular 37 defines a SPV as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly or indirectly, by PRC residents or entities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets or interests, while “round trip investment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through SPVs, namely, establishing foreign-invested enterprises to obtain the ownership, control rights and management rights. SAFE Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into an SPV, PRC residents or entities be required to complete foreign exchange registration with SAFE or its local branch. In addition, SAFE promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving the Administration of the Foreign Exchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended SAFE Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015, requiring PRC residents or entities to register with qualified banks rather than SAFE in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entity established for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.

 

PRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to SPVs but had not obtained registration as required before the implementation of the SAFE Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the SPVs with qualified banks. An amendment to the registration is required if there is a material change with respect to the SPV registered, such as any change of basic information (including change of the PRC residents, name and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers or divisions. Failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclose controllers of the foreign-invested enterprise that is established through round-trip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant foreign-invested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation, to its offshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities to penalties under PRC foreign exchange administration regulations.

 

E. Taxation

 

Cayman Islands

 

The Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciations and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty or withholding tax applicable to us or to any holder of our ordinary shares. There are no other taxes likely to be material to us levied by the Government of the Cayman Islands except for stamp duties which may be applicable on instruments executed in, or after execution brought within the jurisdiction of the Cayman Islands. No stamp duty is payable in the Cayman Islands on transfers of shares of Cayman Islands companies except those which hold interests in land in the Cayman Islands. The Cayman Islands is a party to a double tax treaty entered into with the United Kingdom in 2010 but it is otherwise not a party to any double tax treaties that are applicable to any payments made to or by the Company. There are no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands.

 

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Payments of dividends and capital in respect of ordinary shares will not be subject to taxation in the Cayman Islands and no withholding will be required on the payment of a dividend or capital to any holder of ordinary shares, nor will gains derived from the disposal of ordinary shares be subject to Cayman Islands income or corporation tax.

 

PRC Taxation

 

In March 2007, the National People’s Congress of China enacted the Enterprise Income Tax Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008 and amended on February 24, 2017. Generally, our PRC subsidiaries, which are considered PRC resident enterprises under the Enterprise Income Tax Law, are subject to enterprise income tax on their worldwide taxable income as determined under the Enterprise Income Tax Law and accounting standards at a rate of 25%.

 

In addition, the Enterprise Income Tax Law provides that enterprises organized under the laws of jurisdictions outside China with their “de facto management bodies” located within China may be considered PRC resident enterprises and therefore subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their worldwide income. The Implementing Rules of the Enterprise Income Tax Law further defines the term “de facto management body” as the management body that exercises substantial and overall management and control over the business, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. While we do not currently consider our company or any of our overseas subsidiaries to be a PRC resident enterprise, there is a risk that the PRC tax authorities may deem our company or any of our overseas subsidiaries as a PRC resident enterprise since a substantial majority of the members of our management team as well as the management team of our overseas subsidiaries are located in China.

 

If the PRC tax authorities determine that our company or any of our overseas subsidiaries is a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterprise income tax purpose, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% on our worldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as non-China source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, under the Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementing rules, we may be required to withhold a 10% withholding tax from dividends we pay to our shareholders that are non-resident enterprises, including the holders of our ordinary shares. Finally, non-resident enterprise shareholders may be subject to a 10% PRC tax on gains realized on the sale or other disposition of ordinary shares, if such income is treated as sourced from within China. Furthermore, if we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise, dividends paid to individual investors who are non-PRC residents and any gain realized on the transfer of ordinary shares by such investors may be subject to PRC tax at a current rate of 20% (which in the case of dividends may be withheld at source). Any PRC tax liability may be reduced under applicable tax treaties or tax arrangements between China and other jurisdictions. If we or any of our subsidiaries established outside China are considered a PRC resident enterprise, it is unclear whether holders of our ordinary shares would be able to claim the benefit of income tax treaties or agreements entered into between China and other countries or areas. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We may be treated as a resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, and we may therefore be subject to PRC income tax on our global income.

 

U.S. Federal Income Taxation

 

The following is a discussion of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our ordinary shares. This discussion does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular person’s decision to acquire ordinary shares.

 

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This discussion applies only to a U.S. Holder that holds the ordinary shares as capital assets for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In addition, it does not describe all of the tax consequences that may be relevant in light of a U.S. Holder’s particular circumstances, including the alternative minimum tax, the Medicare contribution tax on net investment income and tax consequences applicable to U.S. Holders subject to special rules, such as:

 

  certain financial institutions;

 

  dealers or traders in securities that use a mark-to-market method of tax accounting;

 

  persons holding ordinary shares as part of a straddle, conversion transaction, integrated transaction or similar transaction;

 

  persons whose functional currency for U.S. federal income tax purposes is not the U.S. dollar;

 

  entities classified as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes and their partners or investors;

 

  tax-exempt entities, “individual retirement accounts” or “Roth IRAs”;

 

  persons that own or are deemed to own ordinary shares representing 10% or more of our voting power or value; or

 

  persons holding ordinary shares in connection with a trade or business outside the United States.

 

If a partnership (or other entity that is classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) owns ordinary shares, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner will generally depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partnerships owning ordinary shares and partners in such partnerships should consult their tax advisers as to the particular U.S. federal income tax consequences of owning and disposing of ordinary shares.

 

This discussion is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, administrative pronouncements, judicial decisions, final, temporary and proposed Treasury regulations, and the income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC, or the Treaty, all as of the date hereof, any of which is subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect.

 

As used herein, a “U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of our ordinary shares that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:

 

  a citizen or individual resident of the United States;

 

  a corporation, or other entity taxable as a corporation, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state therein or the District of Columbia; or

 

  an estate or trust the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source.

 

U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers concerning the U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. tax consequences of owning and disposing of ordinary shares in their particular circumstances.

 

Taxation of Distributions

 

Except as described below under “—Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules,” distributions paid on our ordinary shares, other than certain pro rata distributions of ordinary shares, will be treated as dividends to the extent paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. Because we do not maintain calculations of our earnings and profits under U.S. federal income tax principles, it is expected that distributions generally will be reported to U.S. Holders as dividends. Dividends will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction generally available to U.S. corporations under the Code. Subject to applicable limitations and the discussion above regarding concerns expressed by the U.S. Treasury, and subject to the passive foreign investment company rules described below, dividends paid to certain non-corporate U.S. Holders may be taxable at favorable rates. Non-corporate U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the availability of these favorable rates in their particular circumstances.

 

Dividends will be included in a U.S. Holder’s income on the date of the U.S. Holder’s receipt. The amount of any dividend income paid in foreign currency will be the U.S. dollar amount calculated by reference to the spot rate in effect on the date of receipt, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars on such date. If the dividend is converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, a U.S. Holder generally should not be required to recognize foreign currency gain or loss in respect of the amount received. A U.S. Holder may have foreign currency gain or loss if the dividend is converted into U.S. dollars after the date of receipt.

 

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Dividends will be treated as foreign-source income for foreign tax credit purposes. As described in “—PRC Taxation,” dividends paid by the Company may be subject to PRC withholding tax. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the amount of the dividend income will include any amounts withheld in respect of PRC withholding tax. Subject to applicable limitations, which vary depending upon the U.S. Holder’s circumstances, and subject to the discussion above regarding concerns expressed by the U.S. Treasury, PRC taxes withheld from dividend payments (at a rate not exceeding the applicable rate provided in the Treaty in the case of a U.S. Holder that is eligible for the benefits of the Treaty) generally will be creditable against a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability. The rules governing foreign tax credits are complex and U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the creditability of foreign tax credits in their particular circumstances. In lieu of claiming a credit, a U.S. Holder may elect to deduct such PRC taxes in computing its taxable income, subject to applicable limitations. An election to deduct foreign taxes instead of claiming foreign tax credits must apply to all foreign taxes paid or accrued in the taxable year.

 

Sale or Other Taxable Disposition of Ordinary Shares

 

Except as described below under “—Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules,” a U.S. Holder will generally recognize capital gain or loss on a sale or other taxable disposition of ordinary shares in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized on the sale or other taxable disposition and the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in such ordinary shares disposed of, in each case as determined in U.S. dollars. The gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if, at the time of the sale or disposition, the U.S. Holder has owned the ordinary shares for more than one year. Long-term capital gains recognized by non-corporate U.S. Holders may be subject to tax rates that are lower than those applicable to ordinary income. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.

 

As described in “—PRC Taxation,” gains on the sale of ordinary shares may be subject to PRC taxes. A U.S. Holder is entitled to use foreign tax credits to offset only the portion of its U.S. federal income tax liability that is attributable to foreign-source income. Because under the Code capital gains of U.S. persons are generally treated as U.S.-source income, this limitation may preclude a U.S. Holder from claiming a credit for all or a portion of any PRC taxes imposed on any such gains. However, U.S. Holders that are eligible for the benefits of the Treaty may be able to elect to treat the gain as PRC-source and therefore claim foreign tax credits in respect of PRC taxes on such disposition gains. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding their eligibility for the benefits of the Treaty and the creditability of any PRC tax on disposition gains in their particular circumstances.

 

Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules

 

In general, a non-U.S. corporation is a PFIC for any taxable year in which (i) 75% or more of its gross income consists of passive income or (ii) 50% or more of the average quarterly value of its assets consists of assets that produce, or are held for the production of, passive income. For purposes of the above calculations, a non-U.S. corporation that owns at least 25% by value of the shares of another corporation is treated as if it held its proportionate share of the assets of the other corporation and received directly its proportionate share of the income of the other corporation. Passive income generally includes dividends, interest, rents, royalties and certain gains. Cash is a passive asset for these purposes.

 

Based on the expected composition of our income and assets and the value of our assets, including goodwill, we do not expect to be a PFIC for our current taxable year. However, the proper application of the PFIC rules to a company with a business such as ours is not entirely clear. Because the proper characterization of certain components of our income and assets is not entirely clear, and because our PFIC status for any taxable year will depend on the composition of our income and assets and the value of our assets from time to time (which may be determined, in part, by reference to the market price of our ordinary shares, which could be volatile), there can be no assurance that we will not be a PFIC for our current taxable year or any future taxable year.

 

If we were a PFIC for any taxable year and any of our subsidiaries or other companies in which we own or are treated as owning equity interests were also a PFIC (any such entity referred to as a Lower-tier PFIC), U.S. Holders would be deemed to own a proportionate amount (by value) of the shares of each Lower-tier PFIC and would be subject to U.S. federal income tax according to the rules described in the subsequent paragraph on (i) certain distributions by a Lower-tier PFIC and (ii) dispositions of shares of Lower-tier PFICs, in each case as if the U.S. Holders held such shares directly, even though the U.S. Holders did not receive the proceeds of those distributions or dispositions.

 

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In general, if we were a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder holds ordinary shares, gain recognized by such U.S. Holder on a sale or other disposition (including certain pledges) of its ordinary shares would be allocated ratably over that U.S. Holder’s holding period. The amounts allocated to the taxable year of the sale or disposition and to any year before we became a PFIC would be taxed as ordinary income. The amount allocated to each other taxable year would be subject to tax at the highest rate in effect for individuals or corporations, as appropriate, for that taxable year, and an interest charge would be imposed on the resulting tax liability for each such year. Furthermore, to the extent that distributions received by a U.S. Holder in any year on its ordinary shares exceed 125% of the average of the annual distributions on ordinary shares received during the preceding three years or the U.S. Holder’s holding period, whichever is shorter, such distributions would be subject to taxation in the same manner. In addition, if we were a PFIC (or with respect to a particular U.S. Holder were treated as a PFIC) for a taxable year in which we paid a dividend or for the prior taxable year, the favorable tax rates described above with respect to dividends paid to certain non-corporate U.S. Holders would not apply.

 

Alternatively, if we were a PFIC and if our ordinary shares were “regularly traded” on a “qualified exchange,” a U.S. Holder could make a mark-to-market election that would result in tax treatment different from the general tax treatment for PFICs described in the preceding paragraph. The ordinary shares would be treated as “regularly traded” for any calendar year in which more than a de minimis quantity of the shares were traded on a qualified exchange on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter. The Nasdaq Capital Market, where our ordinary shares are expected to be listed, is a qualified exchange for this purpose. If a U.S. Holder makes the mark-to-market election, the U.S. Holder generally will recognize as ordinary income any excess of the fair market value of the ordinary shares at the end of each taxable year over their adjusted tax basis, and will recognize an ordinary loss in respect of any excess of the adjusted tax basis of the ordinary shares over their fair market value at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of income previously included as a result of the mark-to-market election). If a U.S. Holder makes the election, the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the ordinary shares will be adjusted to reflect the income or loss amounts recognized. Any gain recognized on the sale or other disposition of ordinary shares in a year in which we are a PFIC will be treated as ordinary income and any loss will be treated as an ordinary loss (but only to the extent of the net amount of income previously included as a result of the mark-to-market election, with any excess treated as capital loss). If a U.S. Holder makes the mark-to-market election, distributions paid on ordinary shares will be treated as discussed under “—Taxation of Distributions” above.

 

We do not intend to provide the information necessary for U.S. Holders to make qualified electing fund elections, which if available could materially affect the tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of our ordinary shares if we were a PFIC for any taxable year. Therefore, U.S. Holders will not be able to make such elections.

 

If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder owns ordinary shares, we will generally continue to be treated as a PFIC with respect to the U.S. Holder for all succeeding years during which the U.S. Holder owns ordinary shares, even if we cease to meet the threshold requirements for PFIC status.

 

If we were a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder owned any ordinary shares, the U.S. Holder would generally be required to file annual reports with the IRS. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the determination of whether we are a PFIC for any taxable year and the potential application of the PFIC rules to their ownership of ordinary shares.

 

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

 

Payments of dividends and sales proceeds that are made within the United States or through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries may be subject to information reporting and backup withholding, unless (i) the U.S. Holder is a corporation or other “exempt recipient” and (ii) in the case of backup withholding, the U.S. Holder provides a correct taxpayer identification number and certifies that it is not subject to backup withholding. The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a U.S. Holder will be allowed as a credit against the U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle it to a refund, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the Internal Revenue Service.

 

85


 

Certain U.S. Holders who are individuals (or certain specified entities) may be required to report information relating to their ownership of ordinary shares, unless the ordinary shares are held in accounts at financial institutions (in which case the accounts may be reportable if maintained by non-U.S. financial institutions). U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding their reporting obligations with respect to the ordinary shares.

 

F. Dividends and Paying Agents

 

Not applicable.

 

G. Statement by Experts

 

Not applicable.

 

H. Documents on Display

 

We have filed this annual report on Form 20-F with the SEC under the Exchange Act. Statements made in this report as to the contents of any document referred to are not necessarily complete. With respect to each such document filed as an exhibit to this report, reference is made to the exhibit for a more complete description of the matter involved, and each such statement shall be deemed qualified in its entirety by such reference.

 

We are subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act as a foreign private issuer and file reports and other information with the SEC. Reports and other information filed by us with the SEC, including this report, may be viewed from the SEC’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. In addition, we will provide hardcopies of our annual report free of charge to shareholders upon request.

 

As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of quarterly reports and proxy statements, and officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act.

 

I. Subsidiary Information

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

 

Interest Rate Risk

 

Our exposure to interest rate risk primarily relates to the interest expenses incurred on bank borrowings, income generated by excess cash and net proceeds from equity financings, which is mostly held in interest-bearing bank deposits. Interest-earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. We have not been exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates, and we have not used any derivative financial instruments to manage our interest risk exposure. However, our future interest income may fall short of expectations due to changes in market interest rates.

 

Investments in both fixed rate and floating rate interest earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Fixed rate securities may have their fair market value adversely impacted due to a rise in interest rates, while floating rate securities may produce less income than expected if interest rates fall.

 

86


 

Foreign Exchange Risk

 

All of our revenue and substantially all of our expenses are denominated in RMB. Our exposure to foreign exchange risk primarily relates to cash and cash equivalent denominated in U.S. dollars. We do not believe that we currently have any significant direct foreign exchange risk and have not used derivative financial instruments to hedge exposure to such risk. Although our exposure to foreign exchange risks should be limited in general, the value of your investment in our ordinary shares will be affected by the exchange rate between U.S. dollar and RMB because the value of our business is effectively denominated in RMB, while our shares will be traded in U.S. dollars.

 

The conversion of RMB into foreign currencies, including U.S. dollars, is based on rates set by the People’s Bank of China. The value of RMB is subject to changes in central government policies and to international economic and political developments affecting supply and demand in the China Foreign Exchange Trading System market.

 

To the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars into RMB for our operations, appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the RMB amount we receive from the conversion. Conversely, if we decide to convert RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amounts available to us.

 

Inflation

 

To date, inflation in the PRC has not materially impacted our results of operations. Although we have not been materially affected by inflation in the past, we can provide no assurance that we will not be affected in the future by higher rates of inflation in the PRC. For example, certain operating costs and expenses, such as employee compensation and office operating expenses may increase as a result of higher inflation. Additionally, because a substantial portion of our assets consists of cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments, high inflation could significantly reduce the value and purchasing power of these assets. We are not able to hedge our exposure to higher inflation in China.

 

ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES

 

A. Debt Securities

 

Not applicable.

 

B. Warrants and Rights

 

Not applicable.

 

C. Other Securities

 

Not applicable.

 

D. American Depositary Shares

 

We do not have any American Depositary Shares.

 

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PART II

 

ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES

 

None.

 

ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITIES HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS

 

Material Modifications to the Rights of Securities Holders

 

There have been no material modifications to the rights of our security holders.

 

Use of Proceeds

 

The following “Use of Proceeds” information relates to the post-effective amendment no. 6 to the registration statement on Form F-1 (File Number 333- 233468) (the “F-1 Registration Statement”) in relation to our initial public offering of 5,555,556 Ordinary Shares, at an initial offering price of $4.50 per Ordinary Share. Joseph Stone Capital, LLC was the representative of the underwriters for our initial public offering. On May 13, 2021, Joseph Stone Capital, LLC partially exercised the over-allotment option to purchase an additional 20,000 Ordinary Shares.

 

The F-1 Registration Statement became effective on May 4, 2021. For the period from the effective date of the F-1 Registration Statement to June 30, 2022, the total expenses incurred for our company’s account in connection with our IPO was approximately $3.43 million, which included $1.76 million in underwriting discounts and commissions for the IPO and approximately $1.67 million in other costs and expenses. We received net proceeds of approximately $21.66 million from our initial public offering. None of the transaction expenses included payments to directors or officers of our company or their associates, persons owning more than 10% or more of our equity securities or our affiliates. None of the net proceeds from the initial public offering were paid, directly or indirectly, to any of our directors or officers or their associates, persons owning 10% or more of our equity securities or our affiliates.

 

For the period from May 4, 2021, the date that the F-1 Registration Statement was declared effective by the SEC, to June 30, 2023, we used up all $21.66 million of the net proceeds from our initial public offering for sales and marketing, general corporate purposes and working capital, including strategic investments and acquisitions.

 

ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

 

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

As of June 30, 2023 (the “Evaluation Date”), the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision of and with the participation of management, including the Company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer, of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based upon this evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that as of the Evaluation Date, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective, due to the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting as described below.

 

Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that all material information required to be included in our reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission and to ensure that information required to be disclosed is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decision regarding required disclosure.

 

88


 

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 

The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:

 

  (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the recording of transactions of the Company’s assets;

 

  (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that the Company’s receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with the authorization of its management and directors; and

 

  (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

 

Because of its inherent limitations, a system of internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to consolidated financial statement preparation and presentation and may not prevent or detect misstatements, Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 

The Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, assessed the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2023, using criteria established in the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, or COSO. Based on this evaluation and as a result of the material weakness discussed below, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of June 30, 2023 due to the following material weaknesses:

 

We do not have sufficient qualified accounting personnel with level of knowledge, experience and training of U.S. GAAP and SEC reporting requirements commensurate with our financial reporting requirements. Also, as a small company, we do not have sufficient internal control personnel to set up adequate review functions at each reporting level.

 

We plan to take steps to remediate the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting as soon as practicable by:

 

  hiring additional internal staff familiar with US GAAP and SEC reporting; and

 

  providing training to our accounting personnel on US GAAP, SEC reporting and other regulatory requirements regarding the preparation of financial statements.

 

We also have engaged a third-party consultant with U.S. GAAP knowledge and SEC reporting experience to supplement our current internal accounting personnel and assist us in the preparation of our financial statements to ensure that our financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

 

Notwithstanding the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, the consolidated financial statements included in this annual report fairly present, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

 

89


 

Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

As a company with less than $1.235 billion in revenue for our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” pursuant to the JOBS Act. An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These provisions include exemption from the auditor attestation requirement under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, in the assessment of the emerging growth company’s internal control over financial reporting. This annual report on Form 20-F does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm because we are an emerging growth company.

 

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 

Except as described above, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT

 

Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Heung Ming Henry Wong is an “audit committee financial expert” and that he is an “independent director” as defined by the rules and regulations of NASDAQ.

 

ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS

 

Our code of conduct and business ethics conforms to the rules and regulations of NASDAQ. The code of conduct and business ethics applies to all of our directors, officers and employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer, and addresses, among other things, honesty and ethical conduct, conflicts of interest, compliance with laws, regulations and policies, including disclosure requirements under the federal securities laws, confidentiality, trading on inside information, and reporting of violations of the code. A copy of conduct and business ethics has been filed as an exhibit to our Registration Statement on Form F-1, File no. 333-233468, filed on August 26, 2019, as amended. The Company will provide any person a copy of its code of ethics, without charge, upon request. Such request should be addressed to the Company at E-Home, 18/F, East Tower, Building B, Dongbai Center, Yangqiao Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou City 350001, People’s Republic of China.

 

ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

 

The following table sets forth the aggregate fees by categories specified below in connection with services rendered by our principal external auditors for the periods indicated.

 

    Fiscal Year Ended
June 30,
 
    2023     2022  
Audit Fees   $ 280,000     $ 215,000  
Audit-related Fees     -       -  
Tax Fees     -       -  
TOTAL   $ 280,000     $ 215,000  

 

“Audit Fees” consisted of the aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered for the audit of our annual financial statements or services that are normally provided by the accountant in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.

 

“Audit-related fees” means fees billed for professional services rendered by our principal auditors associated with certain due diligence projects.

 

“Tax Fees” consisted of the aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning. Included in such Tax Fees were fees for preparation of our tax returns and consultancy and advice on other tax planning matters.

 

Our Audit Committee and Board of Directors pre-approves all auditing services and permitted non-audit services to be performed for us by our independent auditor, including the fees and terms thereof (subject to the de minimums exceptions for non-audit services described in Section 10A(i)(l)(B) of the Exchange Act that are approved by our Board of Directors prior to the completion of the audit). The percentage of services provided for which we paid audit-related fees, tax fees, or other fees that were approved by our Audit Committee and Board of Directors pursuant to paragraph (c)(7)(i)(C) of Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X promulgated by the SEC was 100%.

 

ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES

 

Not applicable.

 

90


 

ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS

 

There were no purchases of equity securities made by or on behalf of us or any “affiliated purchaser” as defined in Rule 10b-18 of the Exchange Act during the period covered by this Annual Report.

 

ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT

 

On May 17, 2023, the Company terminated its independent registered public accounting firm, TPS Thayer LLC, as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm.

 

The report of TPS Thayer LLC on the financial statements of the Company for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2022, 2021 and 2020 did not contain an adverse opinion or disclaimer of opinion and were not qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principles.

 

The decision to change the independent registered public accounting firm was recommended and approved by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company.

 

During the Company’s most recent fiscal year ended June 30, 2022 and through May 17, 2023, the date of dismissal, (a) there were no disagreements with TPS Thayer LLC on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure, or auditing scope or procedure, which disagreements, if not resolved to the satisfaction of TPS Thayer LLC, would have caused it to make reference thereto in its reports on the financial statements for such years and (b) there were no “reportable events” as defined set forth in Item 16F(a)(1)(v) of Form 20-F.

 

On May 17, 2023, the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company ratified the appointment of Enrome LLP as its new independent registered public accounting firm to audit and review the Company’s financial statements. During the two most recent fiscal years ended June 30, 2022 and June 30, 2021 and any subsequent interim periods through the date hereof prior to the engagement of Enrome LLP, neither the Company, nor anyone on its behalf, has consulted Enrome LLP regarding: (i) the application of accounting principles to a specified transaction, either completed or proposed; or the type of audit opinion that might be rendered on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, and either a written report was provided to the Company or oral advice was provided that the new independent registered public accounting firm concluded was an important factor considered by the Company in reaching a decision as to the accounting, auditing or financial reporting issue; or (ii) any matter that was either the subject of a disagreement as defined in Item 16F(a)(1)(iv) of Form 20-F or a reportable event as defined set forth in Item 16F(a)(1)(v) of Form 20-F.

 

ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

 

We were incorporated in Cayman Islands and our corporate governance practices are governed by applicable Cayman Islands law, our memorandum and articles of association. In addition, because our ordinary shares are listed on NASDAQ, we are subject to NASDAQ’s corporate governance requirements.

 

NASDAQ Listing Rule 5615(a)(3) permits a foreign private issuer like us to follow home country practices in lieu of certain requirements of Listing Rule 5600, provided that such foreign private issuer discloses in its annual report filed with the SEC each requirement of Rule 5600 that it does not follow and describes the home country practice followed in lieu of such requirement.

 

We currently follow our home country practice in lieu of the requirements of the Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5600 Series to be exempt from the requirements as follows: (i) Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5620(a) which provides that (with certain exceptions not relevant to the conclusions expressed herein) each company listing common stock or voting preferred stock, and their equivalents, shall hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the company’s fiscal year-end; (ii) Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5635(a) which sets forth the circumstances under which shareholder approval is required prior to an issuance of securities of the Company in connection with the acquisition of the stock or assets of another company; (iii) Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5635(c) which sets forth the circumstances under which shareholder approval is required prior to an issuance of securities of the Company in connection with equity-based compensation of officers, directors, employees or consultants (iv) Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5635(d) which sets forth the circumstances under which shareholder approval is required prior to an issuance of securities, other than in a public offering, equal to 20% or more of the voting power outstanding at a price less than the lower of: (x) the Nasdaq Official Closing Price (as reflected on Nasdaq.com) immediately preceding the signing of the binding agreement; or (y) the average Nasdaq Official Closing Price of the common stock (as reflected on Nasdaq.com) for the five trading days immediately preceding the signing of the binding agreement.

 

Our Cayman Islands counsel, Conyers Dill & Pearman, has provided a relevant letter to NASDAQ certifying that under Cayman Islands law, we are not required to seek shareholders’ approval in the above circumstance. 

 

If we choose to follow additional home country practice in the future, our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they would otherwise enjoy under the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements applicable to U.S. domestic issuers. See “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors— Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares—As an exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards. These practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they would enjoy if we complied fully with Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards.” 

 

ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 16I. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

 

Not applicable.

 

91


 

PART III

 

ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

We have elected to provide our financial statements pursuant to Item 18.

 

ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

The full text of our audited consolidated financial statements begins on page F-1 of this annual report.

 

ITEM 19. EXHIBITS

 

Exhibit No.   Description
     
1.1   Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of the registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registration Statement on Form F-3 filed on September 10, 2021)
1.2   Second Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of the registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Form 6-K filed on July 17, 2023)
1.3*   Third Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Registrant
2.1*   Description of Shares
4.1   Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement, dated February 22, 2019, between E-Home Household Service Technology Co., Ltd. and Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Area E Home Service Co., Ltd. (English Translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1 filed on August 26, 2019)
4.2   Exclusive Option Agreement, dated February 22, 2019, among E-Home Household Service Technology Co., Ltd., Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Area E Home Service Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Area E Home Service Co., Ltd. (English Translation) (English Translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1 filed on August 26, 2019)
4.3   Equity Interest Pledge Agreement, dated February 22, 2019, among E-Home Household Service Technology Co., Ltd., Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Area E Home Service Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Area E Home Service Co., Ltd. (English Translation) (English Translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1 filed on August 26, 2019)
4.4   Voting Rights Proxy and Financial Supporting Agreement, dated February 22, 2019, among E-Home Household Service Technology Co., Ltd., Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Area E Home Service Co., Ltd. and the shareholders of Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Area E Home Service Co., Ltd. (English Translation) (English Translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1 filed on August 26, 2019)
4.5   Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement, dated February 20, 2019, between E-Home Household Service Technology Co., Ltd. and Fuzhou Bangchang Technology Co. Ltd. (English Translation) (English Translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1 filed on August 26, 2019)
4.6   Exclusive Option Agreement, dated February 20, 2019, among E-Home Household Service Technology Co., Ltd., Fuzhou Bangchang Technology Co. Ltd. and the shareholders of Fuzhou Bangchang Technology Co. Ltd. (English Translation) (English Translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1 filed on August 26, 2019)
4.7   Equity Interest Pledge Agreement, dated February 20, 2019, among E-Home Household Service Technology Co., Ltd., Fuzhou Bangchang Technology Co. Ltd. and the shareholders of Fuzhou Bangchang Technology Co. Ltd. (English Translation) (English Translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1 filed on August 26, 2019)
4.8   Voting Rights Proxy and Financial Supporting Agreement, dated February 20, 2019, among E-Home Household Service Technology Co., Ltd., Fuzhou Bangchang Technology Co. Ltd. and the shareholders of Fuzhou Bangchang Technology Co. Ltd. (English Translation) (English Translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1 filed on August 26, 2019)
4.9   Form of Business Cooperation Agreement (English Translation) (English Translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1 filed on August 26, 2019)

 

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4.10   Form of Housekeeping Service Agreement (English Translation) (English Translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1 filed on August 26, 2019)
4.11   Form of Internet At-Home Senior Care Service Agreement (English Translation) (English Translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1 filed on August 26, 2019)
4.12   Rental Contract, dated December 31, 2019, between Zheng Hui and Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Area E Home Service Co., Ltd. (English Translation) (English Translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1/A filed on February 14, 2020)
4.13   Housing Lease Contract, dated December 22, 2017, between Fujian Focus Media Co., Ltd. and Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Area E Home Service Co., Ltd. (English Translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1 filed on August 26, 2019)
4.14   Supplemental Lease Contract, dated March 12, 2019, between Fujian Focus Media Co., Ltd. and Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Area E Home Service Co., Ltd. (English Translation) (English Translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1/A filed on February 14, 2020)
4.15   Lease Agreement for Jinjiang Qinghua Business Hotel and its Supplements (English Translation) (English Translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1/A filed on February 14, 2020)
4.16   Financing Lease Agreement between Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Area E Home Service Co., Ltd. and Fujian Yidao Car Rental Company Limited (English Translation) (English Translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1/A filed on February 14, 2020)
4.17   Form of Labor Contract for Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Area E Home Service Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1 filed on August 26, 2019)
4.18   Form of Executive Employment Agreement between the registrant and the executive officers of the registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1/A filed on March 31, 2021)
4.19   Form of Indemnification Agreement between the registrant and the directors and executive officers of the registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1 filed on August 26, 2019)
4.20   Form of Appliances Installation and Maintenance and Cleaning Services Cooperation Agreement (English Translation) (English Translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1/A filed on February 14, 2020)
4.21   Form of Lock-up Agreement for Officers and Directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1/A filed on March 31, 2021)
4.22   Form of Lock-up Agreement for 5% Shareholders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1/A filed on March 31, 2021)
4.23   Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated December 20, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Form 6-K filed on December 23, 2021)
4.24   Form Convertible Promissory Note, dated December 20, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to Form 6-K filed on December 23, 2021)
4.25   Form of Warrants (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to Form 6-K filed on December 23, 2021)
4.26   English Translation of Equity Transfer Agreement, dated January 20, 2022, by and among the Company, E-Home (Pingtan) Home Service Co., Ltd., Mr. Guoqing Wang and Putian YouYou Cleaning Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Form 6-K filed on January 21, 2022)
4.27   English Translation of Equity Transfer Agreement, dated January 20, 2022, by and among the Company, E-Home (Pingtan) Home Service Co., Ltd., the Sellers and Shenzhen Chinese Enterprises Industrial LianBao Appliance Service Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to Form 6-K filed on January 21, 2022)
4.28   Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated May 13, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Form 6-K filed on May 17, 2022)
4.29   Form Convertible Promissory Note, dated May 13, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to Form 6-K filed on May 17, 2022)
4.30   Form of Warrants (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to Form 6-K filed on May 17, 2022)
4.31   English Translation of Equity Transfer Agreement, dated June 14, 2022, by and among the Company, E-Home Hong Kong, Ms. Ling Chen and Zhongrun (Fujian) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Form 6-K filed on June 15, 2022)

 

93


 

4.32   English Translation of Equity Transfer Agreement, dated August 2, 2022, by and among the Company, E-Home Hong Kong, Mr. Jianying Lin and Fujian Chuangying Business Science and Technology Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Form 6-K filed on August 3, 2022)
4.33   Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated August 16, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Form 6-K filed on August 17, 2022)
4.34   Ordinary Share Purchase Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Form 6-K filed on September 19, 2022)
4.35   Form of Securities Purchase Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Form 6-K filed on November 21, 2022)
4.36   English Translation of Equity Transfer Agreement dated December 20, 2022 by and among Ms. Chen, Hong Kong E-Home, the Company and Zhongrun (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Form 6-K filed on December 20, 2022)
4.37   Securities Purchase Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Form 6-K filed on January 6, 2023)
4.38   Form of Securities Purchase Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 6-K filed on January 30, 2023)
4.39   2023 Share Incentive Plan of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Form 6-K filed on May 16, 2023)
4.40   Form of Securities Purchase Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 6-K filed on July 21, 2023)
8.1*   List of the registrant’s subsidiaries
11.1   Code of Conduct and Business Ethics (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1 filed on August 26, 2019)
12.1*   Certifications of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-1(a)
12.2*   Certifications of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-1(a)
13.1**   Certifications of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
13.2**   Certifications of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
15.1*   Consent of Tian Yuan Law Firm
15.2*   Consent of TPS Thayer, LLC
15.3*   Consent of Enrome LLP
101.INS   Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH   Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL   Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF   Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB   Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE   Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104   Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

 

* Filed with this annual report on Form 20-F

 

** Furnished with this annual report on Form 20-F

 

94


 

SIGNATURES

 

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.

 

  E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited
   
  By: /s/ Wenshan Xie
  Name:  Wenshan Xie
  Title: Chief Executive Officer

 

Date: November 6, 2023

 

95


 

E-HOME HOUSEHOLD SERVICE HOLDINGS LIMITED

 

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

  Page
   
Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the Years Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022  
   
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm-Enrome LLP (PCAOB ID: 6907) F-2
   
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm-TPS Thayer, LLC (PCAOB ID: 6706) F-3
   
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2023 and 2022 F-4
   
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Years Ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021 F-5
   
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the Years ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021 F-6
   
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021 F-7
   
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F-8

 

F-1

 

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of

E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited

 

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited (collectively, the “Company”) as of June 30, 2023, and the related consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive income (loss), changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year ended June 30, 2023, and the related notes and schedules (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended June 30, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).

 

Basis for Opinion

 

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

 

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

/s/ Enrome LLP

 

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2023

Singapore

November 6, 2023

 

F-2

 

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of

E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited

 

Opinion on the Financial Statements

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited (the Company) as of June 30, 2022, and 2021, and the related consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2022, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2022, and 2021, and the consolidated results of its operations and its consolidated cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

 

Basis for Opinion

 

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

 

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

/s/ TPS Thayer, LLC

 

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2020

Sugar Land, TX

November 4, 2022, except for Notes 19 and Note 24, as to which the date is April 5, 2023.

 

F-3

 

E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited

Consolidated Balance Sheets

As of June 30, 2023 and 2022

(In U.S. Dollars, except for Share Data)

 

    2023     2022  
ASSETS            
Current assets            
Cash and cash equivalents   $ 71,252,380     $ 54,842,052  
Accounts receivable     1,018,691       877,931  
Advance to suppliers     1,213,563       -  
Inventories     34,286       11,058  
Due from related parties     4,295,120       -  
Prepayments, deposits and other current assets     6,217,196       11,265,410  
Total current assets     84,031,236       66,996,451  
Non-current assets                
Property and equipment, net     4,812,524       4,595,104  
Intangible assets, net     31,332       23,963  
Long-term investment     -       894,001  
Operating lease – right-of-use assets, net     5,634,302       6,050,465  
Finance lease – right-of-use assets, net     871,876       1,117,502  
Long-term prepayments and other non-current assets     62,874,337       372,501  
Deferred income tax assets     -       442,322  
Total non-current assets     74,224,371       13,495,858  
TOTAL ASSETS   $ 158,255,607     $ 80,492,309  
                 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY                
Current liabilities                
Accounts payable and accrued expenses   $ 7,290,320     $ 4,598,076  
Advance from customers     2,123,540       2,251,072  
Taxes payable     -       505,674  
Current maturities of operating lease liabilities     316,253       778,742  
Current maturities of finance lease liabilities     58,264       59,736  
Due to related parties     1,692,212       -  
Short-term loan     1,356,251       -  
Total current liabilities     12,836,840       8,193,300  
Long-term portion of operating lease liabilities     1,636,493       1,473,093  
Long-term portion of finance lease liabilities     282,015       366,359  
Convertible notes     3,871,827       5,929,673  
Deferred tax liabilities     1,819,826       -  
TOTAL LIABILITIES     20,447,001       15,962,425  
                 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 22)     -       -  
                 
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY                
Ordinary shares, $0.2 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized; 2,724,896* and 22,116** shares issued and outstanding, respectively     544,981       4,425  
Additional paid-in capital     146,460,821       33,452,332  
Statutory reserve     664,100       664,100  
(Accumulated deficit)/Retained earnings     (3,632,766 )     31,374,073  
Accumulated other comprehensive loss     (7,109,254 )     (945,093 )
Total equity attributable to E-Home shareholders     136,927,882       64,549,837  
Non-controlling interest     880,724       (19,953 )
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY     137,808,606       64,529,884  
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY   $ 158,255,607     $ 80,492,309  

 

* Retrospectively restated for effect of reverse stock split on September 25, 2023.

 

** Retrospectively restated for effect of reverse stock split on September 23, 2022, April 13, 2023 and September 25, 2023.

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

F-4

 

E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

For the Years Ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021

(In U.S. Dollars, except for Share Data)

 

    2023     2022     2021  
Revenues                  
Installation and maintenance   $ 41,177,200     $ 40,017,962     $ 51,546,235  
Housekeeping     17,210,122       16,340,910       16,792,722  
Senior care services     6,515,953       7,392,221       6,038,814  
Sales of pharmaceutical products     2,368,071      
-
     
-
 
Educational consulting services     1,050,397      
-
     
-
 
Sublease    
-
     
-
      147,663  
Total revenues     68,321,743       63,751,093       74,525,434  
Cost of revenues                        
Installation and maintenance     27,989,959       26,791,434       32,209,179  
Housekeeping     14,453,168       13,411,221       13,435,869  
Senior care services     4,471,015       4,191,920       2,666,350  
Sales of pharmaceutical products     2,178,131      
-
     
-
 
Educational consulting services     671,825      
-
     
-
 
Total cost of revenues     49,764,098       44,394,575       48,311,398  
Gross profit     18,557,645       19,356,518       26,214,036  
Operating expenses                        
Sales and marketing expenses     22,691,231       11,989,919       10,279,274  
General and administrative expenses     26,230,966       8,219,584       6,869,419  
Total operating expenses     48,922,197       20,209,503       17,148,693  
Income (Loss) from operations     (30,364,552 )     (852,985 )     9,065,343  
Other income (expenses)                        
Interest income     229,045       182,558       110,889  
Interest expense     (791,749 )     (257,766 )     (25,509 )
Accretion of financing cost     (1,376,458 )     (397,153 )     -  
Fair value loss     (3,747,100 )     (1,996,249 )     -  
Other income (expenses), net     94,900       (14,538 )     921,800  
Total other income (expenses), net     (5,591,362 )     (2,483,148 )     1,007,180  
Income (Loss) before income taxes     (35,955,914 )     (3,336,133 )     10,072,523  
Income tax expense     (286,335 )     (2,094,076 )     (3,672,624 )
Net (loss) income   $ (36,242,249 )   $ (5,430,209 )   $ 6,399,899  
Net (loss) income attributable to shareholders     (35,006,839 )     (5,430,209 )     6,408,932  
Net (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests     (1,235,410 )    
-
      (9,033 )
Net (loss) income   $ (36,242,249 )   $ (5,430,209 )   $ 6,399,899  
Other comprehensive income (loss)                        
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax     (6,184,172 )     (2,243,108 )     3,261,889  
Total comprehensive (loss) income   $ (42,426,421 )   $ (7,673,317 )   $ 9,661,788  
                         
Net (loss) income per ordinary share - basic   $ (31.14 )   $ (295.38 )   $ 446.76  
Net (loss) income per ordinary share - diluted     (30.75 )     (295.38 )     446.76  
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding - basic     1,163,696 *     18,384 **     14,325 **
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding - diluted     1,178,511 *     18,384 **     14,325 **

 

* Retrospectively restated for effect of reverse stock split on September 25, 2023.

 

** Retrospectively restated for effect of reverse stock split on September 23, 2022, April 13, 2023 and September 25, 2023.

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

F-5

 

E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

For the Years Ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021

(In U.S. Dollars, except for Share Data)

 

    Number of
Shares
    Ordinary
Shares
    Additional
paid-in
capital
    Statutory
reserve
    Retained
earnings (Accumulated deficit)
    Accumulated
other
comprehensive
loss
    Non-controlling
interest
    Total
equity
 
Balance at June 30, 2020     14,000 *   $ 2,800     $ 3,667,957     $ 664,100     $ 30,395,350     $ (1,967,388 )   $ (34,494 )   $ 32,728,325  
Net Proceeds from the initial public offering     2,788       558       21,660,735      
-
     
-
      -      
-
      21,661,293  
Shares issued to directors     3       1       213,839      
-
     
-
      -      
-
      213,840  
Profit (loss) for the year     -       -      
-
      -       6,408,932       -       (9,033 )     6,399,899  
Foreign currency translation adjustment     -       -      
-
     
-
      -       3,265,403       (3,514 )     3,261,889  
Balance at June 30, 2021     16,791 **   $ 3,359     $ 25,542,531     $ 664,100     $ 36,804,282     $ 1,298,015     $ (47,041 )   $ 64,265,246  
Loss for the year     -       -      
-
      -       (5,430,209 )     -      
-
      (5,430,209 )
Foreign currency translation adjustment     -       -      
-
     
-
      -       (2,243,108 )    
-
      (2,243,108 )
Acquisition of former non-controlling interest in HAPPY     -       -       (481,446 )    
-
     
-
      -       14,558       (466,888 )
Disposal of 47% ownership in Fuzhou Fumao     -       -      
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
      12,530       12,530  
Acquisition of 60% ownership in Youyou     1,352       270       1,999,821      
-
     
-
      -      
-
      2,000,091  
Acquisition of 40% ownership in Lianbao     2,913       582       3,742,676      
-
     
-
      -      
-
      3,743,258  
Shares issued to directors and consultants     700       140       630,360      
-
     
-
      -      
-
      630,500  
Issuance of the convertible notes – equity portion     -       -       1,472,987      
-
     
-
      -      
-
      1,472,987  
Issuance of the warrants     -       -       345,477       -       -       -       -       345,477  
Issuance of shares for convertible note interest settlement     370       74       199,926      
-
     
-
      -      
-
      200,000  
Balance at June 30, 2022     22,116 **   $ 4,425     $ 33,452,332     $ 664,100     $ 31,374,073     $ (945,093 )   $ (19,953 )   $ 64,529,884  
Loss for the year     -       -       -       -       (35,006,839 )     -       (1,235,410 )     (36,242,249 )
Foreign currency translation adjustment     -       -       -       -       -       (6,164,161 )     (20,011 )     (6,184,172 )
Acquisition of 75% ownership in Zhongrun     60,622       12,124       11,338,195       -       -       -       2,156,098       13,506,417  
Acquisition of 100% ownership in Chuangying-     7,219       1,444       5,591,605       -       -       -       -       5,593,049  
Shares issued to investors     2,285,431       457,086       92,522,591       -       -       -       -       92,979,677  
Shares issued under equity incentive plan     1,000       200       105,800       -       -       -       -       106,000  
Shares issued for conversion of convertible notes     348,508       69,702       3,450,298       -       -       -       -       3,520,000  
Balance at June 30, 2023     2,724,896 *     544,981       146,460,821       664,100       (3,632,766 )     (7,109,254 )     880,724       137,808,606  

 

* Retrospectively restated for effect of reverse stock split on September 25, 2023.

  

** Retrospectively restated for effect of reverse stock split on September 23, 2022, April 13, 2023 and September 25, 2023.

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

F-6

 

E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the Years Ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021

(In U.S. Dollars)

 

    2023     2022     2021  
Cash generated from operating activities                  
Net (loss) income   $ (36,242,249 )   $ (5,430,209 )   $ 6,399,899  
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash                        
Income tax expense     286,335       2,094,076       3,672,624  
Interest expense     791,749       257,767       25,509  
Depreciation and amortization     2,257,790       152,203       27,084  
Amortization of right-of-use assets     692,557       708,159       584,813  
Loss on disposal of right-of-use assets    
-
     
-
      489,178  
Shares issued to directors and consultants     106,000       630,500       213,840  
Convertible note - Accretion of financing cost     1,376,458       397,153      
-
 
Fair value loss     3,747,100       1,996,249      
-
 
Impairment loss     15,518,178      
-
     
-
 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities                        
Accounts receivables     (210,146 )     (85,321 )     1,093,322  
Advance to suppliers     (1,102,585 )    
-
     
-
 
Inventories     (144,611 )     235,071       (235,086 )
Prepayments, deposits and other current assets     475,241       (19,980 )     (4,968,939 )
Long-term prepayments and other non-current assets     (55,332 )     1,546,527       2,875,495  
Accounts payable and accrued expenses     5,299,024       3,218,541       2,482,455  
Advance from customers     33,829      
-
     
-
 
Taxes payable     (504,831 )     (1,326,930 )     (3,989,279 )
Operating lease liabilities     (729,571 )    
-
     
-
 
Cash provided by (used in) operating activities     (8,405,064 )     4,373,806       8,670,915  
Cash generated from investing activities                        
Deposits for purchase of land and properties     (60,000,000 )    
-
      (1,816,102 )
Due from related parties     (4,295,120 )    
-
     
-
 
Purchases of property and equipment     (887,838 )     (4,607,297 )     (261,843 )
Purchases of intangible assets     (19,676 )    
-
     
-
 
Right-of-use-asset costs    
-
      (2,521,104 )     (212,866 )
Long-term investment    
-
      (941,073 )    
-
 
Refund (Deposit) made for potential acquisitions    
-
      1,136,042       (3,400,000 )
Cash paid to former non-controlling shareholders of HAPPY    
-
      (466,888 )    
-
 
Lease principal refund    
-
     
-
      80,531  
Cash used in investing activities     (65,202,634 )     (7,400,320 )     (5,610,280 )
Cash generated from financing activities                        
Proceeds from stock issuance     92,979,677      
-
      21,661,293  
Proceeds from short-term loan     1,402,203      
-
     
-
 
Due to related parties     1,630,511      
-
     
-
 
Payment of financial leases     (76,135 )    
-
     
-
 
Repayment of convertible notes     (400,000 )    
-
     
-
 
Proceeds from convertible notes    
-
      8,445,000      
-
 
Payment of convertible notes issuance cost    
-
      (1,094,015 )    
-
 
Cash provided by financing activities     95,536,256       7,350,985       21,661,293  
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents     21,928,558       4,324,471       24,721,928  
Effects of currency translation     (5,518,230 )     (1,892,891 )     2,666,345  
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year     54,842,052       52,410,472       25,022,199  
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year   $ 71,252,380     $ 54,842,052     $ 52,410,472  
                         
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES                        
Income taxes paid   $ 1,044,082     $ 1,021,060     $ 4,271,139  
Interest paid   $ 554,637     $ 23,250     $ 25,509  
                         
Non-cash transactions                        
Issuance of shares for acquisition of 75% equity in Zhongrun   $ 11,350,319     $
-
    $
-
 
Issuance of shares for acquisition of 100% equity in Chuangying   $ 5,593,049     $
-
    $
-
 
Issuance of shares for convertible note principal and interest settlement   $ 3,520,000     $ 200,000     $
-
 
Issuance of shares to directors and consultants   $ 106,000     $ 630,500     $ 213,840  
Issuance of shares for acquisition of 60% equity in Youyou   $
-
    $ 2,000,091     $
-
 
Issuance of shares for acquisition of 40% equity in Lianbao   $
-
    $ 3,743,258     $
-
 
Issuance of warrants  

$

-

   

$

345,477

   

$

-

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

F-7

 

E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

 

NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS

 

E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited (the “Company”) was incorporated as a limited company under the law of Cayman Islands on September 24, 2018. The Company does not conduct any substantive operations on its own but instead conducts its business operations through its subsidiaries. The Company and its subsidiaries are hereinafter collectively referred to as “the Company”. The Company is principally engaged in the operation of household services, e.g. installation and maintenance of home appliances, housekeeping and senior care in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”) through on-line APP platform or call center. As described below, the Company, through a series of transactions which is accounted for as a reorganization of entities under common control (the “Reorganization”), became the ultimate parent entity of its subsidiaries. Accordingly, these consolidated financial statements reflect the historical operations of the Company as if the current organization structure had been in existence throughout the periods presented.

 

Reorganization

 

In preparation of its initial public offering in the United States, the following transactions were undertaken to reorganize the legal structure of the Company. The reorganization involved (i) the incorporation of the Company in the Cayman Islands as a holding company; (ii) the establishment of E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited (“E-Home Hong Kong”) as a wholly-owned subsidiary in Hong Kong, PRC; (iii) the establishment of E-Home Household Service Technology Co., Ltd. (“WOFE”), as a wholly-owned subsidiary of E-Home Hong Kong in Fujian, PRC; (iv) the entry by WFOE into contractual arrangements with Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Area E Home Service Co., Ltd. (“E-Home Pingtan”) and Fuzhou Bangchang Technology Co. Ltd. (“Fuzhou Bangchang”) and their shareholders. The Company, E-Home Hong Kong and WFOE are all holding companies and had not commenced operation until this reorganization was complete. A reorganization of the Company’s legal structure was completed in February 2019.

 

As all the entities involved in the process of the Reorganization are under common control before and after the Reorganization, the Reorganization is accounted for in a manner similar to a pooling-of-interest with the assets and liabilities of the parties to the Reorganization carried over at their historical amounts.

 

Dissolution of the Company’s variable interest entity structure

 

On October 18, 2021, E-Home WFOE entered into an equity transfer agreement with each of E-Home Pingtan and Fuzhou Bangchang and their respective shareholders, pursuant to which E-Home WFOE exercised the options to acquire all of the equity interests in each of E-Home Pingtan and Fuzhou Bangchang from their respective shareholders. Upon the registration of the equity transfers with the local governmental authorities as of October 27, 2021, the equity transfers were closed, the company’s VIE structure was dissolved and each of E-Home Pingtan and Fuzhou Bangchang became a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of the Company.

 

Equity transfer agreements

 

Acquisition of non-controlling interest in HAPPY

 

On August 10, 2021, the Company’s PRC subsidiary, E-Home Pingtan entered into an equity transfer agreement to acquire the remaining 33% equity interests of Fujian Happiness Yijia Family Service Co., Ltd. (“HAPPY”) in consideration of $466,888 (RMB 3,000,000), with $54,462 (RMB 350,000) paid in August 2021 and $412,427 (RMB 2,650,000) paid in March 2022. The transaction to acquire the remaining 33% equity interests of HAPPY was closed in August 2021 and after the acquisition, E-Home Pingtan owns 100% of the equity interest of HAPPY.

 

    In USD  
       
Purchase consideration     466,888  
         
Noncontrolling interests     (14,558 )
Additional paid-in capital     481,446  
      466,888  

 

F-8

 

Reverse stock split

 

On September 8, 2022, the Company’s board of directors approved to effect a one-for-twenty reverse stock split of its ordinary shares with the market effective on September 23, 2022, such that the par value of each ordinary share is increased from US$0.0001 to US$0.002. As a result of the one-for-twenty reverse stock split, each twenty pre-split ordinary shares outstanding were automatically combined and converted to one issued and outstanding ordinary share without any action on the part of the shareholder. No fractional ordinary shares were issued to any shareholders in connection with the reverse stock split. Each shareholder was entitled to receive one ordinary share in lieu of the fractional share that would have resulted from the reverse stock split. 

 

On April 12, 2023, the Company announced the effect of a one-for ten reverse stock split of its ordinary shares approved by the Company’s Annual General Meeting of Shareholders with the market effective on April 13, 2023, such that the par value of each ordinary share is increased from US$0.002 to US$0.02. As a result of the one-for-ten reverse stock split, each ten pre-split ordinary shares outstanding were automatically combined and converted to one issued and outstanding ordinary share without any action on the part of the shareholder. No fractional ordinary shares were issued to any shareholders in connection with the reverse stock split.

 

On September 22, 2023, the Company announced the effect of a one-for ten reverse stock split of its ordinary shares approved by the Company’s Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders with the market effective on September 25, 2023, such that the par value of each ordinary share is increased from US$0.02 to US$0.2. As a result of the one-for-ten reverse stock split, each ten pre-split ordinary shares outstanding were automatically combined and converted to one issued and outstanding ordinary share without any action on the part of the shareholder. No fractional ordinary shares were issued to any shareholders in connection with the reverse stock split.

 

The number of ordinary shares outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, and for the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were retrospectively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on September 23, 2022, April 13, 2023 and September 25, 2023.

 

The Company’s major consolidated subsidiaries as of June 30, 2023 are as follows:

 

Name   Date of
Incorporation
  Place of
Organization
 

% of

Ownership

 
E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited   October 16, 2018   Hong Kong     100 %
E-Home Household Service Technology Co., Ltd.   December 5, 2018   PRC     100 %
Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Area E Home Service Co., Ltd.   April 1, 2014   PRC     100 %
Fuzhou Bangchang Technology Co. Ltd.   March 15, 2007   PRC     100 %
Fuzhou Yongheng Xin Electric Co., Ltd. (“YHX”)   October 12, 2004   PRC     100 %
Fujian Happiness Yijia Family Service Co., Ltd.   January 19, 2015   PRC     100 %
Yaxing Human Resource Management (Pingtan) Co., Ltd.   July 6, 2018   PRC     51 %
Fuzhou Gulou Jiajiale Family Service Co. Ltd.   February 28, 2019   PRC     100 %
Yaxin Human Resource Management (Fuzhou) Co., Ltd.   September 10, 2021   PRC     100 %
Zhongrun (Fujian) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (“Zhongrun”)   January 13, 2017   PRC     75 %
Fujian Chuangying Business Science and Technology Co., Ltd. (“Chuangying”)   September 9, 2013   PRC     100 %

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries.

 

F-9

 

NOTE 2 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

Basis of presentation

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) and have been consistently applied. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited and its subsidiaries. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.

 

Use of estimates

 

In preparing the consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are based on information as of the date of the consolidated financial statements. Significant estimates required to be made by management include, but are not limited to, the valuation of accounts receivable, prepayments, and other receivables, useful lives of property and equipment and intangible assets, the recoverability of long-lived assets and provision necessary for contingent liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, cash accounts, interest bearing savings accounts and time certificates of deposit with a maturity of three months or less when purchased. The Company considers all highly liquid investment instruments with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains most of the bank accounts in the PRC. Cash balances in bank accounts in PRC are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or other programs.

 

Accounts receivable

 

Accounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoiced amount less an estimated allowance for uncollectible accounts. The Company usually determines the adequacy of reserves for doubtful accounts based on individual account analysis and historical collection trends. The Company establishes a provision for doubtful receivables when there is objective evidence that the Company may not be able to collect amounts due. The allowance is based on management’s best estimates of specific losses on individual exposures, as well as a provision on historical trends of collections. Based on management of customers’ credit and ongoing relationship, management makes conclusions whether any balances outstanding at the end of the period will be deemed uncollectible on an individual basis and on aging analysis basis. The provision is recorded against accounts receivables balances, with a corresponding charge recorded in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. Delinquent account balances are written-off against the allowance for doubtful accounts after management has determined that the likelihood of collection is not probable. As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company determined that all accounts receivable were collectible and thus the allowance for doubtful accounts were $0 and $0, respectively.

 

Advances to suppliers

 

Advances to suppliers refer to advances for purchase of inventories or services, which are applied against accounts payable when the inventories or services are received.

 

The Company reviews a supplier’s credit history and background information before advancing a payment. If the financial condition of its suppliers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to deliver goods or provide services, the Company would write off such amount in the period when it is considered as impaired. The allowance for advances to suppliers recognized as of June 30, 2023 and 2022 were $0 and $0, respectively.

 

Prepayments, deposits and other current assets

 

Prepayments, deposits and other current assets refer to prepaid for marketing fee, receivable from equity transfer, tax receivable and so on. Prepaid marketing fees are amortized during the contract periods which are within 1 year.

 

The Company reviews a supplier’s credit history and background information before advancing a payment. If the receivables expected not to be collected, the Company would write off such amount in the period when it is considered as impaired. The allowance for prepayments, deposits and other current assets recognized as of June 30, 2023 and 2022 were nil and nil, respectively.

 

 

F-10

 

Inventories

 

Inventories primarily include purchased accessories, appliances and E-watches for senior care services. Cost of inventories is based on purchase costs. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Net realizable value represents the anticipated selling price, net of distribution cost, less estimated costs to completion for work in progress. For the year ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded impairment provision of inventories for lower of cost or net realizable value of $119,782. For the years ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded no impairment provision of inventories for lower of cost or net realizable value, respectively.

 

Property and equipment, net

 

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation is provided on the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:

 

    Useful Lives
Buildings and improvements   20 Years
Office and electronic equipment   3 - 5 Years
Motor vehicles   4 - 10 Years
Machinery   5 - 10 Years

 

Expenditures for maintenance and repairs, which do not materially extend the useful lives of the assets, are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures for major renewals and betterment which substantially extend the useful life of assets are capitalized. The cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets retired or sold are removed from the respective accounts, and any gain or loss is recognized in the consolidated statements of income and other comprehensive income (loss).

 

Intangible assets, net 

 

Intangible assets consist of software acquired from third parties, customer relationships, copyrights and trademarks acquired from business combination and senior care service app developed by the Company. The Company has purchased software from third parties used for operation management and developed an app for its senior care service. Customer relationships include but are not limited to: (1) customer contracts and related customer relationships, (2) noncontractual customer relationships, (3) customer lists, and (4) order or production backlog acquired by the Company from business combination. In accordance with ASC 805-20-55, customer relationships should be recognized separately from goodwill if it meets either of the following criteria: (1) contractual-legal criterion: the intangible asset arises from contractual or other legal rights (regardless of whether those rights are transferable or separable from the acquired business or from other rights and obligations); or (2) separability criterion: the intangible asset is capable of being separated or divided from the acquired business and sold, transferred, licensed, rented, or exchanged.

 

Intangible assets with finite lives are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. All intangible assets with finite lives are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. Software, senior care service app, copyrights, trademarks and customer relationships are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated economic useful lives of five to ten years.

 

F-11

 

Goodwill

 

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired in a business combination. The Company assesses goodwill for impairment in accordance with ASC Subtopic 350-20, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Goodwill (“ASC 350-20”), which requires that goodwill to be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined by ASC 350-20.

 

The Company has the option to assess qualitative factors first to determine whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative test in accordance with ASC 350-20. In the qualitative assessment, the Company considers primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific information related to the operations. If the Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the quantitative impairment test described above is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. The quantitative impairment test compares the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss shall be recognized in an amount equal to that excess.

 

The Company performed qualitative and quantitative assessments for the goodwill. Based on the requirements of ASC 350-20, the Company evaluated all relevant factors including, but not limited to, macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance, and the share price of the Company.

 

On disposal of a portion of reporting unit that constitutes a business, the attributable amount of goodwill is included in the determination of the amount of gain or loss recognized upon disposal. When the Company disposes of a business within the reporting unit, the amount of goodwill disposed is measured on the basis of the relative fair value of the business disposed and the portion of the reporting unit retained. This relative fair value approach is not used when the business to be disposed was not integrated into the reporting unit after its acquisition, in which case the current carrying amount of the acquired goodwill should be included in the carrying amount of the business to be disposed.

 

Impairment of long-lived assets other than goodwill

 

Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of these assets may not be recoverable. Long-lived assets with carrying values that are not expected to be recovered through future cash flows are written down to their estimated fair values. The carrying value of a long-lived asset is deemed not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. If the asset’s carrying value exceeds the sum of its undiscounted cash flows, a non-cash asset impairment charges equal to the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its estimated fair value is recorded. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at a specified measurement date. The Company measures fair value using market price indicators or, in the absence of such data, appropriate valuation technique.

 

Borrowings

 

Borrowings comprise short-term borrowings. Borrowings are recognized initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently stated at amortized cost; any difference between the proceeds net of transaction costs and the redemption value is recognized in profit or loss over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method.

 

Leases

 

Leases are classified at lease commencement date as either a finance lease or an operating lease. A lease is a finance lease if it meets any of the following criteria: (a) the lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the lessee by the end of the lease term. (b) the lease grants the lessee an option to purchase the underlying asset that the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise, (c) the lease term is for the major part of the remaining economic life of the underlying asset, (d) the present value of the sum of the lease payments and any residual value guaranteed by the lessee that is not already reflected in the lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the underlying asset or (e) the underlying asset is of such a specialized nature that it is expected to have no alternative use to the lessor at the end of the lease term. When none of the criteria meets, the lease shall be classified as an operating lease.

 

F-12

 

For lessee, a lease is recognized as a right-of-use asset with a corresponding liability at lease commencement date. The lease liability is calculated at the present value of the lease payments not yet paid by using the lease term and discount rate determined at lease commencement. The right-of-use asset is calculated as the lease liability, increased by any initial direct costs and prepaid lease payments, reduced by any lease incentives received before lease commencement. The right-of-use asset itself is amortized on a straight-line basis unless another systematic method better reflects how the underlying asset will be used by and benefits the lessee over the lease term.

 

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The amendments in this ASU require an entity to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability for all leases with terms of more than 12 months. Recognition, measurement and presentation of expenses will depend on classification as a finance or operating lease. The amendments also require certain quantitative and qualitative disclosures about leasing arrangements. The Company adopted ASC 842 effective as of the beginning of the first period presented by using a modified retrospective transition approach in the accompanying financial statements of the Company. The adoption of this standard had a material impact on the Company’s financial position, with no material impact on the results of operations and cash flows (see Note 9 and Note 10). 

 

Convertible note- cash conversion feature

 

ASC 470, Debt, requires the liability and equity components of convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash upon conversion to be separately accounted for in a manner that reflects the issuer’s nonconvertible debt borrowing rate. ASC 470-20 requires that the initial proceeds from the sale of these notes be allocated between a liability component and an equity component in a manner that reflects interest expense at the interest rate of similar nonconvertible debt that could have been issued by the Company at such time. We measured the estimated fair value of the debt component of our convertible notes as of the issuance date based on our nonconvertible debt borrowing rate. The equity components of the convertible senior notes have been reflected within additional paid-in capital in our consolidated balance sheet, and the resulting debt discount is amortized over the period during which the convertible notes are expected to be outstanding (through the maturity date) as additional non-cash interest expense.

 

Freestanding instruments-warrants

 

Per ASC 470-20-30-2, when detachable warrants (detachable call options) are issued in conjunction with a debt instrument as consideration in purchase transactions, the amounts attributable to each class of instrument issued shall be determined separately, based on values at the time of issuance.

 

(1) The first step in determining the proper accounting for warrants is to determine whether the equity-linked component is free standing financial instrument of embedded in a host instrument. According to the warrant agreement, the debt and warrant agreements were both entered into by the parties on December 20, 2021 and May 13, 2022 warrants were issued as part of the subscription agreement with the note holders. The holder can transfer the warrant to any person or entity in accordance with the warrant agreement as long as there is a registration statement effective. The warrants can be exercised any time after issuance dates and prior to the expiration date. The debt can remain outstanding even after the warrants are exercised. Based on the above facts, the warrants should be considered as a freestanding instrument.

 

(2) The next step is to determine whether the free-standing instrument is within the scope of ASC 480. The warrants are not within the scope of ASC 480 because the warrant is not considered a mandatorily redeemable financial instrument. The Company has no obligation to redeem the shares or settle the obligation by transferring assets.

 

(3) The last step is to determine if the freestanding instrument should be accounted for as an equity instrument or liability within the guidance of ASC 815-40. The Company determines the value of the warrants using the Black- Scholes Option Pricing Model (“Black-Scholes”) using the stock price on the date of issuance, the risk-free interest rate associated with the life of the debt, and the volatility of the stock.

 

Based on the above analysis, the Company concluded that the warrant shall be classified as equity and is recorded at fair value. Subsequent re-measurement is not required.

 

F-13

 

Convertible debt – derivative treatment

 

When the Company issues debt with a conversion feature, we must first assess whether the conversion feature meets the requirements to be treated as a derivative, as follows: a) one or more underlying, typically the price of our common stock; b) one or more notional amounts or payment provisions or both, generally the number of shares upon conversion; c) no initial net investment, which typically excludes the amount borrowed; and d) net settlement provisions, which in the case of convertible debt generally means the stock received upon conversion can be readily sold for cash. An embedded equity-linked component that meets the definition of a derivative does not have to be separated from the host instrument if the component qualifies for the scope exception for certain contracts involving an issuer’s own equity. The scope exception applies if the contract is both a) indexed to its own stock; and b) classified in shareholders’ equity in its statement of financial position.

 

If the conversion feature within convertible debt meets the requirements to be treated as a derivative, we estimate the fair value of the convertible debt derivative upon the date of issuance. If the fair value of the convertible debt derivative is higher than the face value of the convertible debt, the excess is immediately recognized as interest expense. Otherwise, the fair value of the convertible debt derivative is recorded as a liability with an offsetting amount recorded as a debt discount, which offsets the carrying amount of the debt. The convertible debt derivative is revalued at the end of each reporting period and any change in fair value is recorded as a gain or loss in the statement of operations. The debt discount is amortized through interest expense over the life of the debt. The Company did not identify any derivative in their convertible notes issued during the reporting period.

 

Fair value of financial instruments

 

The fair value of a financial instrument is defined as the exchange price that would be received from an asset or paid to transfer a liability (as exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The carrying amounts of financial assets and liabilities, such as cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, prepayments, deposits and other current assets, accounts payable, and other current liabilities, approximate their fair values because of the short maturity of these instruments and market rates of interest.

 

ASC 820 requires certain disclosures regarding the fair value of financial instruments. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A three-level fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:

 

  Level 1 –  Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

 

  Level 2 –  Quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, or other inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

 

  Level 3 –  Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets and liabilities. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.

 

The Company considers the carrying amount of its financial assets and liabilities, which consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable to approximate the fair value of the respective assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2023 and 2022 owing to their short-term or immediate nature.

 

Revenue recognition

 

The Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification No. 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606) beginning January 1, 2018 and elected to adopt ASC 606 under the modified retrospective method. This guidance was applied retrospectively to the most current period presented in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The adoption of ASC 606 did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

 

The Company generates revenues primarily from installation & maintenance services, housekeeping services, senior care services, sales of household appliance accessories and sales of E-watches. The Company sells its goods and services through a third-party service provider, WeChat platform. The Company’s revenues are subject to value added tax (“VAT”). To record VAT payable, the Company uses the gross presentation method, which presents the taxable services and the available input VAT amount (at the rate applicable to the supplier). Revenues are recorded net of VAT in accordance with ASC 606. The Company considers revenue realized or realizable and earned when all the five following criteria are met: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The recognition of revenues involves certain management judgments. The amount and timing of our revenues could be materially different for any period if management made different judgments or utilized different estimates.

 

F-14

 

Installation& maintenance

 

Installation and maintenance services mainly consist of the following services: technical home installation and repair, maintenance and other after sale services. Revenues from installation and maintenance services are recognized at a point in time once the service is transferred to the customer. For service arrangements that include multiple performance obligations, revenues are allocated to each performance obligation based on its standalone selling price. The Company allocates arrangement consideration in multiple-deliverable revenue arrangements at the inception of an arrangement to all deliverables based on the relative selling price method, generally based on the best estimate of selling price. The Company considers whether the nature of its promise is a performance obligation to provide the specified goods or services itself (that is, the entity is a principal) or to arrange for the other party to provide those goods or services (that is, the entity is an agent). The Company acts as principal and has contracts with third-party service providers (i.e., service outlets) who acts as agents. The Company is responsible for market development and providing the customer information to the service provider, directing the outlet to provide services and coordination with the customer, while the service provider provides the door-to-door service. The price of services is set by the Company and the service provider is only responsible for collection of payments. When the Company’s end customers place orders online for services, they pay either a required visit fee or the estimated full amount of service fee through third-party payment platforms, such as WeChat Pay and Alipay. If the customer is not satisfied with the chosen provider, the service provider can be re-selected. Regardless of the service provider’s performance, the Company is still liable to complete the orders. If the end customer fails to pay after satisfactory service is provided and the service provider is unable to collect payment from the end customer, the Company will communicate directly with the end customer. The service provider is not obligated to pay the Company. To minimize our risk, the service provider will remit payment of any outstanding receivables each month.

 

Housekeeping services

 

Housekeeping services refer to services including housecleaning, nanny service, maternity matron and personnel staffing. Revenues from housekeeping are recognized at a point in time upon completion of services to the customer based on the relative selling price method. The Company considers whether the nature of its promise is a performance obligation to provide the specified goods or services itself (that is, the entity is a principal) or to arrange for the other party to provide those goods or services (that is, the entity is an agent). The Company determines it is a principal and recognizes revenues at the gross amount received for the services.

 

Senior care services

 

Senior care services refer to services including heart rate test, daily steps count, location and track record, call for help by Wechat or phone, and other care services rendered to senior customers through an E-watch, which is given to the customers when they pay the annual fees. The customers sign a contract for the services with our company. The contract term is normally one year. The revenues from senior care services are allocated into the revenue from the E-watch sold and the revenue of the services provided. Revenues from the E-watch sold are recognized at a point in time once customers receive the E-watch and the revenues from the services provided are recognized over the service period. We consider whether the nature of its promise is a performance obligation to provide the specified goods or services itself (that is, the entity is a principal) or to arrange for the other party to provide those goods or services (that is, the entity is an agent). We determine it is a principal and recognizes revenues at the gross amount received for the services.

 

Disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers

 

During the process of performing the installation and maintenance services, the Company also sells household appliance accessories such as air conditioner parts to its customers according to the customers’ needs. The Company did not sell these household appliance accessories separately. The senior care services consist of the sale of E-watch and the care services. The E-watch cannot be sold to the customers solely without the care services, and the care services should be rendered by the E-watch. Consequently, the Company regards these operating activities as operating in one material segment, being the revenue of senior care services.

 

Based on the above discussion, the Company disaggregated sales of household appliance accessories from installation and maintenance revenue and senior care services revenue into the sales of the E-watch and the care service. Sales of household appliance accessories and E-watches are recognized in revenue at a point in time while revenue from care service is recognized over a period.

 

F-15

 

Sales of pharmaceutical products

 

The Company also generates revenues from sales of pharmaceutical products and devices to its customers in PRC. Under the adoption of ASC 606, the Company recognized revenues in a manner to depict the transfer of goods to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange for those goods. The Company considers revenue realized or realizable and earned when all the five following criteria are met: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

 

The Company considers customer purchase orders to be the contracts with a customer. As part of its consideration of the contract, the Company evaluates certain factors including the customer’s ability to pay (or credit risk). For each contract, the Company considers the promise to transfer products, each of which is distinct, to be the identified performance obligations. The Company considers whether the nature of its promise is a performance obligation to provide the specified goods itself (that is, the entity is a principal) or to arrange for the other party to provide those goods (that is, the entity is an agent). The Company determines it is a principal and recognizes revenues at the gross amount received for the goods. The Company controls the specified good before that good is transferred to its customers based on the following indicators: (1) the Company is primarily responsible for fulfilling the promise to provide the specified good, (2) the Company bears the inventory risk before or after (i.e., customer has a right of return) the specified good has been transferred to a customer, (3) the Company has discretion in setting the price for the specified good.

 

In determining the transaction price, the Company evaluates whether the price is subject to refund or adjustment to determine the net consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled. The Company provide its customers with rights to return the sold goods for several days after the customers’ acceptance of the goods and can reasonably estimates return provision for the goods. The product return provisions are estimated based on (1) historical rates, (2) specific identification of outstanding returns not yet received from customers and outstanding discounts and claims and (3) estimated returns, discounts and claims expected, but not yet finalized with customers. The Company analyzed historical refund claims for defective products and concluded that they have been immaterial since the Company can return the goods returned from the customers to its suppliers.

 

Revenues are reported net of all VAT. As the Company’s standard payment terms are less than one year, the Company has elected the practical expedient under ASC 606-10-32-18 to not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component. The Company allocates the transaction price to each distinct product based on their relative standalone selling price.

 

Revenue is recognized when control of the product is transferred to the customer (i.e., when the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time), which typically occurs at delivery. Prices are determined based on negotiations with the Company’s customers when signing the contracts and are not subject to adjustment.

 

Educational consulting services

 

The Company also generates revenues from providing educational consulting services to its customers. Revenues from educational consulting services are recognized at a point in time upon completion of services to the customer based on the relative selling price method. The Company considers whether the nature of its promise is a performance obligation to provide the specified goods or services itself (that is, the entity is a principal) or to arrange for the other party to provide those goods or services (that is, the entity is an agent). The Company determines it is a principal and recognizes revenues at the gross amount received for the services.

 

Cost of revenues

 

Cost of revenues consists of service fees paid to staff, outlets, suppliers and the cost of accessories sold.

 

Government subsidies

 

Government subsidies as the compensation for expenses or losses already incurred or for the purpose of giving immediate financial support to the Company with no future related cost are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they become receivable. Government subsidies are recognized when received and all the conditions for their receipt have been met.

 

For the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company received government subsidies of $86,120, $7,733, and $908,051, respectively. The grants were recorded as other income in the consolidated financial statements.

 

F-16

 

Income taxes

 

Income taxes are provided on an asset and liability approach for financial accounting and reporting of income taxes. Any PRC tax paid by subsidiaries during the year is recorded. Deferred income taxes are recognized for all significant temporary differences at enacted rates and classified as current or non-current based upon the classification of the related asset or liability in the financial statements. A valuation allowance is provided to reduce the amount of deferred tax assets if it is considered more likely than not that some portion of, or all, the deferred tax asset will not be realized.

 

Ordinary shares

 

The Company accounts for repurchased ordinary shares under the cost method and includes such treasury stock as a component of the common shareholders’ equity. Cancellation of treasury stock is recorded as a reduction of ordinary shares, additional paid-in capital and retained earnings, as applicable. An excess of purchase price over par value is allocated to additional paid-in capital first with any remaining excess charged entirely to retained earnings.

 

Related parties

 

Parties are considered to be related if one party has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial and operating decisions. Parties are also considered to be related if they are subject to common control or significant influence, such as a family member or relative, shareholder, or a related corporation.

 

Earnings per share

 

The Company computes earnings per share (“EPS”) in accordance with ASC 260, “Earnings per Share”. ASC 260 requires companies with complex capital structures to present basic and diluted EPS. Basic EPS is measured as net income divided by the weighted average ordinary shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is similar to basic EPS but presents the dilutive effect on a per share basis of potential ordinary shares (e.g., convertible securities, options and warrants) as if they had been converted at the beginning of the periods presented, or issuance date, if later. Potential ordinary shares that have an anti-dilutive effect (i.e., those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS. The potentially dilutive ordinary shares during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023 was 14,815 shares. There were no potentially dilutive ordinary shares during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.

 

Comprehensive income/(loss)

 

ASC Topic 220 establishes standards for reporting comprehensive income and its components. Comprehensive income or loss is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events from non-owner sources. For the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, foreign currency translation gain (loss) adjustments of $(6,184,172), $(2,243,108) and $3,261,889, respectively, were recognized as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), respectively.

 

Foreign Currency

 

Foreign currency translation

 

The Company’s principal country of operations is the PRC. The financial position and results of its operations are determined using RMB, the local currency, as the functional currency. The functional currency of the Company’s Hong Kong-based and the Cayman-based parent is the U.S. dollar. Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated using the exchange rate prevailing at the consolidated balance sheet date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated using the historical rate on the date of the transaction. All exchange gains or losses arising from translation of these foreign currency transactions are included as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

 

Foreign operations translation

 

In translating the financial statements of the Company’s PRC subsidiaries from their functional currency into the Company’s reporting currency of United States dollars, consolidated balance sheet accounts are translated using the closing exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date and income and expense accounts are translated using an average exchange rate prevailing during the reporting period. Adjustments resulting from the translation, if any, are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss in shareholders’ equity. The Company has not, to the date of these consolidated financial statements, entered into derivative instruments to offset the impact of foreign currency fluctuations.

 

F-17

 

The value of RMB against U.S. Dollar may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in the PRC’s political and economic conditions. Any significant revaluation of RMB may materially affect the Company’s consolidated financial condition in terms of U.S. Dollar reporting. The following table outlines the currency exchange rates that were used in the consolidated financial statements: 

 

      June 30,
2023
      June 30,
2022
      June 30,
2021
 
Year-end spot rate     US$1= 7.2258 RMB       US$1= 6.7114 RMB       US$1= 6.4601 RMB  
Average rate     US$1= 6.9890 RMB       US$1= 6.4661 RMB       US$1= 6.6076 RMB  

  

Segment reporting

 

Operating segments, and the amounts of each segment item reported in the consolidated financial statements, are identified from the financial information provided regularly to the Company’s most senior executive management for the purposes of allocating resources to, and assessing the performance of, the Company’s various lines of business and geographical locations.

 

Individually material operating segments are not aggregated for financial reporting purposes unless the segments have similar economic characteristics and are similar in respect of the nature of products and services, the nature of production processes, the type or class of customers, the methods used to distribute the products or provide the services, and the nature of the regulatory environment. Operating segments which are not individually material may be aggregated if they share a majority of these criteria. The Company’s five segments are installation & maintenance, housekeeping, senior care services, sales of pharmaceutical products, and educational consulting services. The Company launched senior care services and started generating revenue from this new segment in August 2019. Segments of sales of pharmaceutical products and educational consulting services were acquired from business combination during the year ended June 30, 2023.

 

Business combinations

 

The Company accounts for its business combinations using the purchase method of accounting in accordance with ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. The purchase method of accounting requires that the consideration transferred be allocated to the assets, including separately identifiable assets and liabilities the Company acquired, based on their estimated fair values. The consideration transferred in an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the fair values at the date of exchange of the assets given, liabilities incurred, and equity instruments issued as well as the contingent considerations as of the acquisition date. The costs directly attributable to the acquisition are expensed as incurred. Identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired or assumed are measured separately at their fair value as of the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of any noncontrolling interests. The excess of (i) the total of cost of acquisition, fair value of the noncontrolling interests and acquisition date fair value of any previously held equity interests in the acquiree over (ii) the fair value of the identifiable net assets of the acquiree, is recorded as goodwill. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiary acquired, the difference is recognized directly in earnings.

 

F-18

 

In a business combination achieved in stages, the Company remeasures its previously held equity interest in the acquiree immediately before obtaining control at its acquisition-date fair value and the re-measurement gain or loss, if any, is recognized in “Others, net” in the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income.

 

The determination and allocation of fair values to the identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed and noncontrolling interests is based on various assumptions and valuation methodologies requiring considerable judgment from management. The most significant variables in these valuations are discount rates, the number of years on which to base the cash flow projections, as well as the assumptions and estimates used to determine the cash inflows and outflows. The Company determines discount rates to be used based on the risk inherent in the related activity’s current business model and industry comparisons.

 

Commitments and contingencies

 

The Company follows subtopic 450-20 of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification to report accounting for contingencies. Certain conditions may exist as of the date the consolidated financial statements are issued, which may result in a loss to the Company, but which will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. The Company assesses such contingent liabilities, and such assessment inherently involves an exercise of judgment. There are no known commitments or contingencies as of June 30, 2023 and 2022.

 

Concentration of risks

 

Exchange rate risks

 

The Company’s Chinese subsidiaries may be exposed to significant foreign currency risks from exchange rate fluctuations and the degree of volatility of foreign exchange rates between the U.S. Dollar and the RMB. As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, the RMB denominated cash and cash equivalents amounted to $71,240,361 and $53,946,205, respectively.

 

Currency convertibility risks

 

Substantially all of the Company’s operating activities are transacted in RMB, which is not freely convertible into foreign currencies. All foreign exchange transactions take place either through the People’s Bank of China or other banks authorized to buy and sell foreign currencies at the exchange rates quoted by the People’s Bank of China. Approval of foreign currency payments by the People’s Bank of China or other regulatory institutions requires submitting a payment application form together with other information such as suppliers’ invoices, shipping documents and signed contracts.

 

Concentration of credit risks

 

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risks consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable, the balances of which stated on the consolidated balance sheets represented the Company’s maximum exposure. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents in good credit quality financial institutions in China.

 

Risks and uncertainties

 

The operations of the Company are located in the PRC. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations may be influenced by political, economic, and legal environments in the PRC, as well as by the general state of the PRC economy. The Company’s results may be adversely affected by changes in the political, regulatory and social conditions in the PRC. Although the Company has not experienced losses from these situations and believes that it is in compliance with existing laws and regulations, including its organization and structure disclosed in Note 1, this may not be indicative of future results.

 

F-19

 

Recent accounting pronouncements

 

The Company considers the applicability and impact of all ASUs. Management periodically reviews new accounting standards that are issued.

 

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”. This amends guidelines on reporting credit losses for assets held at amortized cost basis and available-for-sale debt securities. For assets held at amortized cost basis, Topic 326 eliminates the probable initial recognition threshold in current U.S. GAAP and, instead, requires an entity to reflect its current estimate of all expected credit losses. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial assets to present the net amount expected to be collected. For available-for-sale debt securities, credit losses should be measured in a manner similar to current U.S. GAAP, however Topic 326 will require that credit losses be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down. ASU 2016-13 affects entities holding financial assets and net investment in leases that are not accounted for at fair value through net income. The amendments affect loans, debt securities, trade receivables, net investments in leases, off balance sheet credit exposures, reinsurance receivables, and any other financial assets not excluded from the scope that have the contractual right to receive cash. The amendments in this ASU will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-10, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842): Effective Dates, which amended the effective date of ASU 2016-13. The amendments in these ASUs are effective for the Company’s fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning April 1, 2022. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this guidance on July 1, 2022 and the adoption of this new guidance had no material impact the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

In August 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2020-06, Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, as part of its overall simplification initiative to reduce costs and complexity of applying accounting standards while maintaining or improving the usefulness of the information provided to users of financial statements. Among other changes, the new guidance removes from GAAP separation models for convertible debt that require the convertible debt to be separated into a debt and equity component, unless the conversion feature is required to be bifurcated and accounted for as a derivative or the debt is issued at a substantial premium. As a result, after adopting the guidance, entities will no longer separately present such embedded conversion features in equity, and will instead account for the convertible debt wholly as debt. The new guidance also requires use of the “if-converted” method when calculating the dilutive impact of convertible debt on earnings per share, which is consistent with the Company’s current accounting treatment under the current guidance. The guidance is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted, but only at the beginning of the fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this guidance on July 1, 2022 and the adoption of this new guidance had no material impact the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers”, which provides guidance on the acquirer’s accounting for acquired revenue contracts with customers in a business combination. The amendments require an acquirer recognizes and measures contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination at the acquisition date in accordance with ASC 606 as if it had originated the contracts. This guidance also provides certain practical expedients for acquirers when recognizing and measuring acquired contract assets and contract liabilities from revenue contracts in a business combination. The new guidance is required to be applied prospectively to business combinations occurring on or after the date of adoption. This guidance is effective for the Company for the year ending March 31, 2024 and interim reporting periods during the year ending March 31, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on the financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

 

In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions”, which clarifies that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. The amendments also clarify that an entity cannot, as a separate unit of account, recognize and measure a contractual sale restriction. This guidance also requires certain disclosures for equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions. The new guidance is required to be applied prospectively with any adjustments from the adoption of the amendments recognized in earnings and disclosed on the date of adoption. This guidance is effective for the Company for the year ending March 31, 2025 and interim reporting periods during the year ending March 31, 2025. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on the financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

 

The Company does not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting statements, if recently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, statements of comprehensive income (loss) and statements of cash flows.

 

F-20

 

NOTE 3 – BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

 

For the year ended June 30, 2023, the Company completed several business combinations with total purchase consideration in aggregate was $17,374,118, among which $8,846,867 was allocated to goodwill. The Company expects to achieve significant synergies from such acquisitions which it plans to complement its existing businesses. Results of the acquired entities’ operations have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements since the acquisition date.

 

Goodwill, which is non-deductible for tax purposes, is primarily attributable to the synergies expected to be achieved from the acquisitions.

 

The valuations used in the purchase price allocation were determined by the Company with the assistance of independent third-party valuation firms. The valuation reports considered generally accepted valuation methodologies such as the income, market and cost approaches. As the acquirees are all private companies, the fair value estimates of pre-existing equity interests and debt investment or noncontrolling interests are based on significant inputs considered by market participants which mainly include (a) discount rate, (b) projected terminal value based on future cash flows, (c) equity multiples or enterprise value multiples of companies in the same industries and (d) adjustment for lack of control or lack of marketability.

 

According to the independent valuation reports, the purchase prices allocation to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values were as follows:

 

Acquisition of 75% ownership in Zhongrun

 

    In USD  
Fair value of total consideration transferred:      

Equity instrument (32,702,121 ordinary shares issued, 60,622 shares retrospectively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on September 23, 2022, April 12, 2023 and September 25, 2023)

    11,350,319  
Cash consideration     430,750  
Total consideration     11,781,069  
         
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liability assumed:        
Intangible assets - customer relationships     6,321,792  
Deferred tax liabilities     (1,580,448 )
Total identifiable net assets     8,624,393  
Fair value of non-controlling interest     2,156,098  
Goodwill     5,312,774  
Impairment loss     (5,312,774 )
Goodwill, net     -  

 

Acquisition of 100% ownership in Chuangying

 

    In USD  
Fair value of total consideration transferred:      

Equity instrument (14,438,584 ordinary shares issued, 7,219 shares retrospectively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on September 23, 2022, April 12, 2023 and September 25, 2023)

    5,593,049  
Total consideration     5,593,049  
         
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liability assumed:        
Intangible assets - customer relationships     1,426,798  
Intangible assets - copyrights and trademarks     242,556  
Deferred tax liabilities     (417,338 )
Total identifiable net assets     2,058,956  
Fair value of non-controlling interest     -  
Goodwill     3,534,093  
Impairment loss     (3,534,093 )
Goodwill, net     -  

 

NOTE 4 – ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

 

Accounts receivable consisted of the following as of June 30, 2023 and 2022:

 

    2023     2022  
Accounts receivable, gross   $ 1,018,691     $ 877,931  
Accounts receivable, net   $ 1,018,691     $ 877,931  

 

The Company recorded no allowance for doubtful accounts as of June 30, 2023 and 2022. The Company gives its customers credit periods of 30 days to 1 year and continually assesses the recoverability of uncollected accounts receivable. As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, the balances of the Company’s accounts receivable were all due within credit periods. Management believes the balances of accounts receivable will be collected in full.

 

F-21

 

NOTE 5 – PREPAYMENTS, DEPOSITS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

 

Prepayments, deposits and other current assets as of June 30, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following:

 

    2023     2022  
Prepaid for marketing fee*   $ 4,220,986     $ 1,865,219  
Receivable from equity transfer**     830,358      
-
 
Tax receivable     564,158      
-
 
Deposits made for acquisitions***    
-
      6,011,058  
Performance deposits****    
-
      2,086,003  
Prepaid services fee    
-
      545,732  
Prepaid office deposit    
-
      14,006  
Other prepaid expenses and current assets     601,694       743,392  
Total prepayments, deposits and other current assets   $ 6,217,196     $ 11,265,410  

 

* The Company entered into several agreements with its suppliers for designing, marketing, advertising and branding services. Prepaid marketing fees are amortized during the contract periods which are within 1 year. The amortization of prepaid marketing fees were as follows:

 

    2023     2022  
Beginning balance   $ 1,865,219     $ 2,333,388  
Marketing fees paid     8,155,673       5,476,922  
Amortization of marketing fees     (5,560,187 )     (6,053,515 )
Foreign exchange difference     (239,719 )     108,424  
Ending balance   $ 4,220,986     $ 1,865,219  

 

** In December 2022, the Company transferred its 20% ownership in Fuzhou Fumao to an unaffiliated individual at cost value by completing the registration process with local governmental authorities on December 24, 2022. As of December 31, 2022, the Company recorded the receivable amount of equity transfer of $861,500 (RMB 6,000,000) in “prepayment, receivables and other current assets”. The Company expects to fully receive the amount as of December 31, 2023.

 

***

On April 30, 2021, the Company entered into two agreements with Premium Bright Corporate Advisory Limited (“Premium”) in which Premium will find target companies for the Company to acquire to expand its business into financial lending services. The Company prepaid a retainer of $1,800,000 to Premium in April 2021. In October 2022, the Company terminated the agreements with Premium and collected refund of the retainer in full amount.

 

On January 20, 2022, the Company and E-Home Pingtan entered into an equity transfer agreement to acquire 60% equity interests in YouYou Cleaning Co., Ltd. (“Youyou”) in consideration of (i) RMB4 million (approximately $0.60 million) in cash and (ii) 2,702,826 ordinary shares (13,514 retrospectively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on September 23, 2022 and April 12, 2023) of the Company at a fair value of $2,000,091 (par value of $270 and additional paid-in capital of $1,999,821). The Company paid the consideration on February 3, 2022 and legal formalities to transfer the control to the Company were completed in November 2022. In January 2023, the Company reached an agreement with Youyou and its former controlling shareholders to terminate the acquisition. In accordance with the termination agreement all related issued shares will be returned by June 30, 2023. As of June 30, 2023, the Company had not received the related issued shares in accordance with the termination agreement and thus recorded fair value adjustment of $2,000,091 for the year ended June 30, 2023.

 

On January 20, 2022, the Company and E-Home Pingtan entered into an equity transfer agreement to acquire 40% equity interests in Shenzhen Chinese Enterprises Industrial LianBao Appliance Service Co., Ltd. (“Lianbao”) in consideration for 5,823,363 ordinary shares (29,117 shares retrospectively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on September 23, 2022 and April 12, 2023) issued on March 2, 2022 of the Company at a fair value of $3,743,258 (par value of $582 and additional paid-in capital of $3,742,676). In June 2022, the Company reached an agreement with Lianbao and its controlling shareholders to terminate the acquisition since the financial position of Lianbao had changed after the equity transfer agreement being signed. In accordance with the termination agreement all related issued shares will be returned by December 31, 2022. Accordingly, the Company has recorded the $1,747,009 as other receivables based on the fair value of the shares as of June 30, 2022 to be received and recorded fair value adjustment of $1,996,249 for the year ended June 30, 2022. As of June 30, 2023, the Company had not received the related issued shares in accordance with the termination agreement and thus recorded fair value adjustment of $1,747,009 for the year ended June 30, 2023.

 

**** In January 2020, E-Home Pingtan entered into three agreements with three new outlets for business cooperation purposes. These refundable performance deposits were mainly paid for the business introduction services in which the outlets promised to refer business and customers to E-Home Pingtan within three years. The outlets agreed to return the deposits to E-Home Pingtan in case of termination of the agreements. In April 2021, the Company terminated the agreement with one outlet and received refund of performance deposit from the outlet of $756,704. In January 2023, the Company renewed agreements with the two outlets for further business cooperation for three years and recorded the deposits as long-term deposits (see Note 12)

 

F-22

 

NOTE 6 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

 

Property and equipment consisted of the following as of June 30, 2023 and 2022:

 

    2023     2022  
Buildings and improvements   $ 4,963,911     $ 4,416,120  
Motor vehicles     337,202       323,490  
Office and electronic equipment     330,232       85,732  
Machinery     176,431       -  
Total property and equipment, at cost     5,807,776       4,825,342  
Less: accumulated depreciation     (995,252 )     (230,238 )
Property and equipment, net   $ 4,812,524     $ 4,595,104  

 

As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, there were not any pledged property and equipment, respectively. The Company recorded depreciation expense of $807,879, $141,077 and $16,196 for property and equipment during the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. For the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded no impairment losses for property and equipment, respectively.

 

For the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company purchased new property and equipment of $887,838, $4,607,297 and $261,843 in cash and cash equivalents, respectively. For the year ended June 30, 2023, the Company acquired property and equipment of $78,280 (cost of $463,207 and accumulated depreciation of $384,927) from business combinations. For the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded no disposal of property and equipment, respectively.

 

NOTE 7 – INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

 

Intangible assets consisted of the following as of June 30, 2023 and 2022:

 

    2023     2022  
Customer relationships   $ 7,748,590     $ -  
Copyrights and trademarks     242,556       -  
Software     35,556       17,793  
Senior care service app     41,518       44,700  
Less: accumulated amortization     (1,485,359 )     (38,530 )
Less: impairment     (6,551,529 )     -  
Intangible assets, net   $ 31,332     $ 23,963  

 

On June 14, 2022 and December 20, 2022, the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary, E-Home Hong Kong, entered into equity transfer agreements with Zhongrun, a limited liability company established in China and Ms. Ling Chen, pursuant to which Ms. Chen agreed to transfer 55% and 20% of the equity interests in Zhongrun to E-Home Hong Kong, in consideration for the sum of (i) RMB3 million (approximately $0.453 million, not paid) in cash and (ii) 28,041,992 ordinary shares of the Company. On July 8, 2022, the Company issued 28,041,992 ordinary shares (140,210 shares retrospectively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on September 23, 2022 and April 12, 2023) according to the equity transfer agreement at a fair value of $8,496,724 (par value of $2,804 and additional paid-in capital of $8,493,919). On December 20, 2022, the Company issued 4,660,129 ordinary shares (466,013 shares retrospectively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on April 12, 2023) at an aggregate fair value of $2,853,596 (par value of $9,320 and additional paid-in capital of $2,844,276).

 

Based on the valuations report from independent third-party valuation firms used in the purchase price allocation, the Company recorded customer relationships of $6,321,792 with useful life of five years as intangible assets. The valuation reports considered generally accepted valuation methodologies such as the income, market and cost approaches. Customer relationships recorded by the Company includes Zhongrun’s practice of establishing relationships with its customers through contracts and regular contact by sales and representatives.

 

F-23

 

On July 30, 2022, the Company’s board of directors approved proposal per Mr. Xie to acquire 100% of the equity interests of Chuangying and its subsidiaries from Lin Jianying, in consideration for an aggregate of 14,438,584 ordinary shares (72,193 ordinary shares retrospectively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on September 23, 2022 and April 12, 2023) of the Company valued at RMB39.2 million (approximately $5.59 million) with a per share issuance price equal to 130% of the average of the Nasdaq closing price for the consecutive twenty trading days preceding July 26, 2022, or $0.39.

 

Based on the valuations report from independent third-party valuation firms used in the purchase price allocation, the Company recorded customer relationships of $1,426,798 with useful life of ten years and copyrights and trademarks of $242,556 with useful life of five years as intangible assets. The valuation reports considered generally accepted valuation methodologies such as the income, market and cost approaches. Customer relationships recorded by the Company includes Chuangying’s practice of establishing relationships with its customers through contracts and regular contact by sales and representatives.

 

As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, there were no any pledged intangible assets to secure bank loans, respectively. The Company recorded amortization expense of $1,449,911, $11,126 and $10,888 during the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. For the year ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded impairment loss for customer relationships and copyrights and trademarks acquired from business combinations of $6,551,529 based on the management’s assessment. For the years ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded no impairment losses for intangible assets, respectively. For the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded no disposal of intangible assets, respectively.

 

Estimated future amortization expense is as follows as of June 30, 2023:

 

Years ending June 30,   Amortization
expense
 
       
2024   $ 10,294  
2025     10,294  
2026     10,294  
2027     450  
    $ 31,332  

 

NOTE 8 – LONG-TERM INVESTMENT

 

The Company initiated the divestment process during July 2021 and on September 15, 2021 formally reduced its ownership in Fuzhou Fumao from 67% to 20% by completing the registration process with local governmental authorities. As part of the divesture process, the Company made an investment in Fuzhou Fumao of RMB 6,000,000 to retain an equity percentage of 20%. As of September 15, 2021, Fuzhou Fumao had nominal operations and the Company had no significant influence, as the Company does not participate in Fuzhou Fumao’s management or daily operations.

 

In December 2022, the Company transferred its 20% ownership in Fuzhou Fumao to an unaffiliated individual at cost value by completing the registration process with local governmental authorities on December 24, 2022. As of June 30, 2023, the carrying amount of long-term investment is $0 and the Company recorded the receivable amount of equity transfer of $830,358 (RMB 6,000,000) in “prepayment, receivables and other current assets”.

 

F-24

 

NOTE 9 – OPERATING LEASE RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS, NET

 

Operating lease right -of-use assets, net were as follows as of June 30, 2023 and 2022:

 

    2022     Increase/
(Decrease)
    Exchange rate
translation
    2023  
Shou Hill Valley Area   $ 2,235,003     $ -     $ (159,108 )   $ 2,075,895  
Villas     2,205,984       -       (157,042 )     2,048,942  
Farmland*     2,235,003       -       (159,108 )     2,075,895  
Base Station Tower     260,356       -       (18,534 )     241,822  
Office     161,279       (154,873 )     (6,406 )     -  
Warehouse**     -       742,901       (24,346 )     718,555  
Total right-of-use assets, at cost     7,097,625       588,028       (524,544 )     7,161,109  
Less: accumulated amortization     (1,047,160 )     (520,859 )     41,212       (1,526,807 )
Right-of-use assets, net   $ 6,050,465     $ 67,169       (483,332 )   $ 5,634,302  

 

* On July 7, 2021, E-Home Pingtan entered into an agreement with an unaffiliated company and individual to obtain the right of use for farmland of 74 acers for $2,319,791 (RMB 15,000,000). The Company prepaid the installment of $2,319,791 (RMB 15,000,000) to the individual as of June 30, 2022.

 

** On December 1, 2016, Zhongrun entered into an agreement with an unaffiliated company and individual to obtain the right of use for warehouse of 7,199.38 square meters for $2,127,121 (RMB 14,814,544). The Company acquired the operating lease right-of-use assets from its acquisition of Zhongrun in July 2023.

 

The Company recognized lease expense for the operating lease right-of-use assets Shou Hill Valley Area and Villas over the lease periods which are 20 years. The Company recognized lease expense for the operating lease right-of-use asset Base Station Tower over the lease period which is 10 years. The Company recognized lease expense for the operating lease right-of-use asset Farmland over the lease period which is 12.5 years. The Company recognized lease expense for the operating lease right-of-use asset Office over the lease period which is 3 years and terminated on December 31, 2022. The Company recognized lease expense for the operating lease right-of-use asset Warehouse over the lease contract period, which was nine years. For the year ended June 30, 2023, amortization of the operating lease right-of-use assets amounted to $430,112 and the interest on lease liabilities amounted to $65,924.

 

NOTE 10 – FINANCE LEASE RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS, NET

 

Finance lease right -of-use assets, net were as follows as of June 30, 2023 and 2022:

 

    2022     Increase/
(Decrease)
    Exchange rate
translation
    2023  
Company vehicles   $ 1,788,003     $ -     $ (127,287 )   $ 1,660,716  
Less: accumulated amortization     (670,501 )     (171,698 )     53,359       (788,840 )
Right-of-use assets, net   $ 1,117,502     $ (171,698 )   $ (73,928 )   $ 871,876  

 

The finance lease right-of-use asset is amortized over a 10-year period. The amortization period is 10 years and the discount rate used is 4.9%.

 

NOTE 11 – LONG-TERM PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS

 

Long-term prepayments and other non-current assets as of June 30, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following:

 

    2023     2022  
Deposits paid for land use right*   $ 60,000,000     $ -  
Performance deposits** (Note 5)     1,937,502       -  
Deposits paid for lease assets     936,835       372,501  
Total   $ 62,874,337     $ 372,501  

 

*

On November 1, 2022, E-Home Pingtan entered into an investment agreement with Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Area Investment Committee to invest in the project of “Haixia Home Management College” for promoting the education of home economics in the PRC. On January 30, 2023, the Company transferred $60,000,000 to Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Area Investment Committee as deposits to acquire the land use right for the project.

 

** In 2019, E-Home Pingtan entered into an agreement with an unaffiliated company to purchase the right of use for land of 126 acers for RMB 80,000,000. The Company prepaid $1,547,964 (RMB 10,000,000) to the individual as of June 30, 2021. The agreement was terminated in 2022 and E-Home Pingtan received the deposit from the unaffiliated company.

 

F-25

 

NOTE 12 – GOODWILL

 

For the year ended June 30, 2023, the Company completed several business combinations with total purchase consideration in aggregate was $17,374,118, among which $8,846,867 was allocated to goodwill. The Company expects to achieve significant synergies from such acquisitions which it plans to complement its existing businesses. Results of the acquired entities’ operations have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements since the acquisition date.

 

Goodwill, which is non-deductible for tax purposes, is primarily attributable to the synergies expected to be achieved from the acquisitions.

 

The valuations used in the purchase price allocation were determined by the Company with the assistance of independent third-party valuation firms. The valuation reports considered generally accepted valuation methodologies such as the income, market and cost approaches. As the acquirees are all private companies, the fair value estimates of pre-existing equity interests and debt investment or noncontrolling interests are based on significant inputs considered by market participants which mainly include (a) discount rate, (b) projected terminal value based on future cash flows, (c) equity multiples or enterprise value multiples of companies in the same industries and (d) adjustment for lack of control or lack of marketability.

 

The purchase prices allocation to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values were included in Note 3. Business Combinations.

  

NOTE 13 – ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED EXPENSES

 

The following is a summary of accounts payable and accrued expenses as of June 30, 2023 and 2022:

 

    2023     2022  
Payable to suppliers   $ 3,824,516     $ 3,486,600  
Salary and welfare payables     497,274       412,444  
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities     2,968,530       699,032  
Total     7,290,320       4,598,076  

 

NOTE 14 – ADVANCE FROM CUSTOMERS

 

Advance from customers as of June 30, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following:

 

    2023     2022  
Senior care services   $ 1,805,609     $ 1,769,289  
Housekeeping services     317,931       481,783  
Total   $ 2,123,540     $ 2,251,072  

 

E-Home received annual fees from senior care services customers and recognized revenues over the contract period. The amounts advanced from customers from senior care services were $1,805,609 and $1,769,289 as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which will be recognized as senior care services revenue within 12 months. E-Home received advance from housekeeping services customers and recognized revenues when services are provided. The amounts advanced from customers from housekeeping services were $317,931 and $481,783 as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which will be recognized as housekeeping services revenue within 12 months.

 

F-26

 

NOTE 15 – OPERATING LEASE LIABILITIES

 

Operating lease liabilities as of June 30, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following:

 

    2023     2022  
Villas*   $ 1,192,898     $ 1,956,260  
Warehouse**     607,870       -  
Base Station Tower***     151,978       188,069  
Office****     -       107,506  
Total operating lease liabilities   $ 1,952,746     $ 2,251,835  

 

Analyzed for reporting purposes as:

 

    2023     2022  
Long-term portion of operating lease liabilities   $ 1,636,493     $ 1,473,093  
Current maturities of operating lease liabilities     316,253       778,742  
Total   $ 1,952,746     $ 2,251,835  

 

The operating lease liabilities is the net present value of the remaining lease payments as of June 30, 2023 and 2022.

 

The discount rates used for the Villas, Base Station Tower, Office and Warehouse were 4.12%, 3.14%, 2.46%, and 4.45%, respectively. The weighted average discount rate used for operating leases was 4.06%. The weighted average remaining lease terms for operating leases was 16.00 years. The incremental borrowing rate for the Company ranged from 3.7% to 4.8%.

 

The Company recorded no operating lease liability for the operating lease of Shou Hill Valley Area as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, since the Company prepaid the total lease expense of $2,319,791 (RMB 15,000,000) in December 2017. The Company recorded no operating lease liability for the operating lease of Farmland as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, since the Company paid the total lease expense of $2,321,945 (RMB 15,000,000) in October 2021.

 

For the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the operating lease expense were $520,859, $336,992 and $1,010,608, respectively. For the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the short-term operating lease expense were $5,079,411, $259,996 and $1,589,089, respectively.

 

* The lease agreement of Villas was entered into on December 22, 2017, bears interest at about 4.12% and will be matured on December 31, 2037. Lease payments for this agreement are to be made every five years. As of June 30, 2023, the Company has paid $696,584 for the first installment to the lessee.

 

** The operating lease liabilities is the net present value of the remaining lease payments as of June 30, 2023 and 2022. The discount rate used for the warehouse operating lease warehouse was 4.45%. The remaining lease term for the warehouse operating lease was 3.42 years.

  

*** The lease agreement of Base Station Tower was entered into on November 25, 2019, bears interest at about 3.14% and will be matured on November 24, 2029. Lease payments for this agreement are to be made every year. As of June 30, 2023, the Company has paid $ 61,919 to the lessee.

 

**** The lease agreement of Office was entered into on January 1, 2022, bears interest at about 2.46% and will be matured on December 31, 2024. Lease payments for this agreement are to be made every year. The Company terminated the lease contract with leaser on September 30, 2022.

 

F-27

 

Maturity analysis of operating lease liabilities as of June 30, 2023 is as follows:

 

Operating lease payment   Villas     Base
station
tower
    Warehouse     Total
undiscounted
cash flows
 
Discount rate at commencement     4.12 %     3.14 %     4.45 %    
 
 
One year   $ -     $ 27,679     $ 265,766     $ 293,445  
Two years     -       27,679       265,766       293,445  
Three years     -       27,679       110,736       138,415  
Four years     -       27,679       -       27,679  
Five years     753,550       27,679       -       781,229  
Beyond five years     828,905       27,679       -       856,584  
Total undiscounted cash flows   $ 1,582,455     $ 166,074     $ 642,268     $ 2,390,797  
Total operating lease liabilities     1,192,898       151,978       607,870       1,952,746  
Difference between undiscounted cash flows and discounted cash flows     389,557       14,096       34,398       438,051  

 

Maturity analysis of operating lease liabilities as of June 30, 2022 is as follows:

 

Operating lease payment   Villas     Base
station
tower
    Office     Total
undiscounted
cash flows
 
Discount rate at commencement     4.12 %     3.14 %     2.46 %        
One year   $ 737,551     $ 29,800     $ 55,070     $ 822,421  
Two years     -       29,800       55,070       84,870  
Three years     -       29,800       -       29,800  
Four years     -       29,800       -       29,800  
Five years     -       29,800       -       29,800  
Beyond five years     1,703,743       59,600       -       1,763,343  
Total undiscounted cash flows   $ 2,441,294     $ 208,600       110,140     $ 2,760,034  
Total operating lease liabilities     1,956,260       188,069       107,506       2,251,835  
Difference between undiscounted cash flows and discounted cash flows     485,034       20,531       2,634       508,199  

 

NOTE 16 – FINANCE LEASE LIABILITIES

 

Financing lease liabilities as of June 30, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following:

 

    2022    

Increase/

(Decrease)

    Payment     Exchange
rate
translation
    2023  
Company vehicles   $ 328,484     $ -     $ (76,135 )   $ (83,471 )   $ 168,878  
Add: Unrecognized finance expense     97,611       9,737       -       64,053       171,401  
Total financing lease liabilities   $ 426,095     $ 9,737     $ (76,135 )   $ (19,418 )   $ 340,279  

 

Analyzed for reporting purposes as:

 

    2023     2022  
Long-term portion of finance lease liabilities   $ 282,015     $ 366,359  
Current maturities of finance lease liabilities     58,264       59,736  
Total   $ 340,279     $ 426,095  

 

The lease agreement was entered into on September 11, 2017, bears interest at about 4.9% and will be matured on December 31, 2027. For the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the amortization expense of financial lease right-of-use assets were $166,072, $185,583 and $181,610 and $170,714, respectively. For the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the interest expense for financial lease were $15,614, $26,068 and $25,509, respectively.

 

F-28

 

Maturity analysis of financial lease liabilities as of June 30, 2023 is as follows:

 

Financial lease payments   Company
vehicles
 
Discount rate at commencement     4.9 %
One year   $ 73,640  
Two years     73,640  
Three years     73,640  
Four years     73,640  
Five years     73,640  
Beyond five years     18,410  
Total undiscounted cash flows   $ 386,610  
Total financing lease liabilities     340,279  
Difference between undiscounted cash flows and discounted cash flows     46,331  

 

Maturity analysis of financial lease liabilities as of June 30, 2022 is as follows:

 

Financial lease payments   Company
vehicles
 
Discount rate at commencement     4.9 %
One year   $ 79,285  
Two years     79,285  
Three years     79,285  
Four years     79,285  
Five years     79,285  
Beyond five years     99,106  
Total undiscounted cash flows   $ 495,531  
Total financing lease liabilities     426,095  
Difference between undiscounted cash flows and discounted cash flows     69,436  

 

F-29

 

NOTE 17 – CONVERTIBLE NOTES

 

On December 20, 2021, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with an institutional investor pursuant to which the Company issued an unsecured convertible promissory note with a two-year maturity (the “Convertible Note 2021”) to Investor. The Convertible Note 2021 has the original principal amount of $5,275,000 including the original issue discount of $250,000 and Investor’s legal and other transaction costs of $25,000. The Company anticipates using the proceeds for general working capital purposes.

 

Material Terms of the Convertible Note 2021:

 

Interest accrues on the outstanding balance of the Convertible Note at 8% per annum from the Purchase Price Date until the same is paid in full. All interest calculations hereunder shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year comprised of twelve (12) thirty (30) day months, shall compound daily and shall be payable in accordance with the terms of this Convertible Note.

 

Upon the occurrence of a Trigger Event, Investor may increase the outstanding balance payable under the Convertible Note by 12% or 5%, depending on the nature of such event. If the Company files to cure the Trigger Event within the required five trading days, the Triger Event will automatically become an event of default and interest will accrue at the lesser of 22% per annum or the maximum rate permitted by applicable law. The Company evaluated these trigger events and concluded to record no provision as of June 30, 2022.

 

Investor may convert all or any part of the outstanding balance of the Convertible Note, at any time after six months from the issue date, into ordinary shares of the Company at a price equal to 85% multiplied by the lowest daily VWAP (Volume-Weighted Average Price) during the ten trading days immediately preceding the applicable conversion, subject to certain adjustments, an issuance cap pursuant to NASDAQ Listing Rule 5635(d) and ownership limitations specified in the Convertible Note.

 

Joseph Stone Capital, LLC (“JSC”) acted as the exclusive placement agent in connection with the offering. The Company agreed to pay JSC a cash fee equal to 6.5% of the aggregate gross proceeds received by the Company in the offering as well as certain placement agent allowance and legal fees. In addition, the Company agreed to issue to JSC or its designee(s) warrants to purchase up to 157,934 ordinary shares of the Company. The warrants have a term of five years and are exercisable at a price of $2.00 per share (79 ordinary shares at a price of $4,000 per share retrospectively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on September 23, 2022, April 13, 2023 and September 25, 2023).

 

Lender has the right at any time after the date that is six (6) months from the Purchase Price Date until the Outstanding Balance has been paid in full, at its election, to convert (“Conversion”) all or any portion of the Outstanding Balance into fully paid and non-assessable Ordinary Shares, par value $0.0001 (the “Ordinary Shares”), of Borrower (“Conversion Shares”) as per the following conversion formula: the number of Conversion Shares equals the amount being converted (the “Conversion Amount”) divided by the Conversion Price; provided, however, that in the event the Floor Price is higher than the Conversion Price, Borrower may, subject to applicable Nasdaq listing rules, either agree to lower the Floor Price (as defined below) to be equal to the applicable Conversion Price or satisfy the Conversion in cash.

 

In accounting for the issuance of the Convertible Note 2021, the Company separated the Convertible Note into liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the equity component of the Convertible Note 2021 and the warrants was $1,304,565 (equity component $1,092,460, warrants value $212,105). Equity component was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the original Convertible Note 2021. Warrants value was determined with the Black Scholes model. Equity component is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. The excess of the principal amount of the liability component over its carrying amount (“debt discount”) is amortized to interest expense over the term of the Convertible Note 2021.

 

Debt issuance costs related to the original Convertible Note 2021 comprised of commissions paid to third party placement agent, lawyers, and warrants value of $880,025. The Company allocated the total amount incurred to the liability and equity components of the original Convertible Note 2021 based on their relative values. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component were $697,771 and will be amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the contractual term. Issuance costs attributable to the equity component were $182,255 and netted with the equity component in stockholders’ equity of $1,092,460 and warrant value of $212,105.

 

F-30

 

On May 13, 2022, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with an institutional investor pursuant to which the Company issued an unsecured convertible promissory note with a two-year maturity (the “Convertible Note 2022”) to Investor. The Convertible Note 2022 has the original principal amount of $3,170,000 including the original issue discount of $150,000 and Investor’s legal and other transaction costs of $20,000. The Company anticipates using the proceeds for general working capital purposes.

 

Material Terms of the Convertible Note 2022:

 

Interest accrues on the outstanding balance of the Convertible Note at 8% per annum from the Purchase Price Date until the same is paid in full. All interest calculations hereunder shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year comprised of twelve (12) thirty (30) day months, shall compound daily and shall be payable in accordance with the terms of this Convertible Note.

 

Upon the occurrence of a Trigger Event, Investor may increase the outstanding balance payable under the Convertible Note by 12% or 5%, depending on the nature of such event. If the Company files to cure the Trigger Event within the required five trading days, the Triger Event will automatically become an event of default and interest will accrue at the lesser of 22% per annum or the maximum rate permitted by applicable law. The Company evaluated these trigger events and concluded to record no provision as of June 30, 2022.

 

Investor may convert all or any part of the outstanding balance of the Convertible Note, at any time after six months from the issue date, into ordinary shares of the Company at a price equal to 85% multiplied by the lowest daily VWAP (Volume-Weighted Average Price) during the ten trading days immediately preceding the applicable conversion, subject to certain adjustments, an issuance cap pursuant to NASDAQ Listing Rule 5635(d) and ownership limitations specified in the Convertible Note.

 

Joseph Stone Capital, LLC (“JSC”) acted as the exclusive placement agent in connection with the offering. The Company agreed to pay JSC a cash fee equal to 6.5% of the aggregate gross proceeds received by the Company in the offering as well as certain placement agent allowance and legal fees. In addition, the Company agreed to issue to JSC or its designee(s) warrants to purchase up to 386,585 ordinary shares of the Company. The warrants have a term of five years and are exercisable at a price of $0.49 per share (193 ordinary shares at a price of $980 per share retrospectively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on September 23, 2022, April 13, 2023 and September 25, 2023).

 

Lender has the right at any time after the date that is six (6) months from the Purchase Price Date until the Outstanding Balance has been paid in full, at its election, to convert (“Conversion”) all or any portion of the Outstanding Balance into fully paid and non-assessable Ordinary Shares, par value $0.0001 (the “Ordinary Shares”), of Borrower (“Conversion Shares”) as per the following conversion formula: the number of Conversion Shares equals the amount being converted (the “Conversion Amount”) divided by the Conversion Price; provided, however, that in the event the Floor Price is higher than the Conversion Price, Borrower may, subject to applicable Nasdaq listing rules, either agree to lower the Floor Price (as defined below) to be equal to the applicable Conversion Price or satisfy the Conversion in cash.

 

In accounting for the issuance of the Convertible Note 2022, the Company separated the Convertible Note into liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the equity component of the Convertible Note and the warrants was $816,765 (equity component $683,393, warrants value $133,372). Equity component was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the original Convertible Note 2022. Warrants value was determined with the Black Scholes model. Equity component is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. The excess of the principal amount of the liability component over its carrying amount (“debt discount”) is amortized to interest expense over the term of the Convertible Note 2022.

 

Debt issuance costs related to the original Convertible Note 2022 comprised of commissions paid to third party placement agent, lawyers, and warrants value of $559,467. The Company allocated the total amount incurred to the liability and equity components of the original Convertible Note 2022 based on their relative values. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component were $438,856 and will be amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the contractual term. Issuance costs attributable to the equity component were $120,611 and netted with the equity component in stockholders’ equity of $683,393 and warrant value of $133,372.

 

F-31

 

Net carrying amount of the liability component Convertible Notes dated as of June 30, 2023 were as following:

 

    Principal
outstanding
    Unamortized
issuance cost
    Net carrying
value
 
                   
Convertible Note 2021   $ 1,469,512     $ (143,335 )   $ 1,326,177  
Convertible Note 2022     3,170,000       (624,350 )     2,545,650  
Convertible Notes - liability portion   $ 4,639,512     $ (767,685 )   $ 3,871,827  

 

Net carrying amount of the equity component of the Convertible Notes as of June 30, 2023 were as following:

 

    Amount
allocated to
conversion
option
    Issuance
cost
    Equity
component,net
 
                   
Convertible Note 2021   $ 1,092,460     $ (182,255 )   $ 910,205  
Convertible Note 2022     683,393       (120,611 )     562,782  
Convertible Notes – equity portion   $ 1,775,853     $ (302,866 )   $ 1,472,987  

 

Amortization of issuance cost, debt discount and interest cost for the year ended June 30, 2023 were as follows:

 

    Issuance
costs and
debt
discount
    Convertible
note interest
    Total  
                   
Convertible Note 2021   $ 891,135     $ 458,231     $ 1,349,366  
Convertible Note 2022     485,323       264,577       749,900  
Convertible Notes   $ 1,376,458     $ 722,808     $ 2,099,266  

 

Net carrying amount of the liability component Convertible Notes dated as of June 30, 2022 were as following:

 

    Principal
outstanding
    Unamortized
issuance cost
    Net carrying
value
 
                         
Convertible Note 2021   $ 5,275,000     $ (1,405,654)     $ 3,869,346  
Convertible Note 2022     3,170,000       (1,109,673)       2,060,327  
Convertible Notes - liability portion   $ 8,445,000     $ (2,515,327 )   $ 5,929,673  

 

F-32

 

Net carrying amount of the equity component of the Convertible Notes as of June 30, 2022 were as following:

 

    Amount
allocated to
conversion
option
    Issuance
cost
    Equity
component, net
 
                   
Convertible Note 2021   $ 1,092,460     $ (182,255 )   $ 910,205  
Convertible Note 2022     683,393       (120,611 )     562,782  
Convertible Notes – equity portion   $ 1,775,853     $ (302,866 )   $ 1,472,987  

 

Amortization of issuance cost, debt discount and interest cost for the year ended June 30, 2022 were as follows:

 

    Issuance
costs and
debt
discount
    Convertible
note
interest
    Total  
                         
Convertible Note 2021   $ 384,577     $ 227,465     $ 612,042  
Convertible Note 2022     12,576       7,051       19,627  
Convertible Notes   $ 397,542     $ 234,516     $ 631,669  

 

The effective interest rate to derive the liability component fair value were 33.10% and 34.51% for Convertible Note 2021 and Convertible Note 2022, respectively.

 

NOTE 18 – TAXES

 

The Company is registered in the Cayman Islands. The Company generated substantially all of its income/ (loss) from its PRC operations for the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

 

Cayman Islands

 

Under the current laws of the Cayman Islands, the Company is not subject to tax on income or capital gain. Additionally, upon payments of dividends to the shareholders, no Cayman Islands withholding tax will be imposed.

 

Hong Kong

 

E-Home Hong Kong is not subject to tax on income or capital gain since there has no operations in Hong Kong for the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

 

F-33

 

PRC

 

Income Tax

 

On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress of PRC enacted an Enterprise Income Tax Law (“EIT Law”), under which Foreign Investment Enterprises (“FIEs”) and domestic companies would be subject to enterprise income tax (“EIT”) at a uniform rate of 25%. The EIT Law became effective on January 1, 2008. 25% tax rates apply to all the PRC operation subsidiaries in the Company.

 

The provision for income tax for the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, consisted of the following:

 

    2023     2022     2021  
Current income tax provision   $ (138,418 )   $ 1,849,570     $ 2,968,362  
Deferred income tax provision     424,753       244,506       704,262  
Total   $ 286,335     $ 2,094,076     $ 3,672,624  

 

The following table sets forth reconciliation between the statutory EIT rate and the effective tax for the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively:

 

    2023     2022     2021  
Income before income taxes   $ (11,760,317 )   $ 8,335,041     $ 10,072,523  
Provision for income taxes at statutory tax rate in the PRC     (2,798,020 )     2,083,760       3,660,090  
Temporary difference not recognized as deferred tax assets     3,078,891       -       -  
Effect of expense for which no income tax is deductible     5,464       10,316       12,534  
Income tax expense   $ 286,335     $ 2,094,076     $ 3,672,624  

 

The significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:

 

    2023     2022  
Deferred tax assets            
Advanced from customers   $ 446,246       442,322  
Total deferred tax assets     446,246       442,322  
Allowance for deferred tax assets     (446,246 )     -  
Deferred tax assets, net     -       442,322  

 

    2023     2022  
Deferred tax liabilities            
Business combinations   $ 1,819,826              -  
Total deferred tax liabilities     1,819,826       -  

 

Value Added Tax (“VAT”)

 

Business tax changed to VAT in China since May 1, 2016. The Company’s revenue of installation is subject to a VAT rate of 11%.

 

The maintenance and accessories sales were subject to a VAT rate of 17% before May 1, 2018 and were reduced to 16% since then. The VAT rate was reduced to 13% since April 1, 2019.

 

According to the regulations (Fiscal and Tax [2016] 36), no VAT will be levied if an enterprise provides employee-based household services. E-Home Pingtan applied for the tax exemption in July 2017 and was approved by the State Administration of Taxation (China), so the VAT rate of installation, maintenance, after-sales and cleaning service is nil since July 2017.

 

Taxes payable

 

The Company’s taxes payable as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, consisted of the following:

 

    2023     2022  
Income tax payable   $         -     $ 495,009  
VAT payable     -       9,725  
Other tax payables     -       940  
Total   $ -     $ 505,674  

 

F-34

 

NOTE 19 - EQUITY

 

Ordinary Shares

 

At the reorganization event described in Note 1, the Company issued 50,000 ordinary shares with par value of $1 to exchange for the ownership in E-Home Pingtan from the former shareholders to WFOE.

 

Prior to the reorganization, the Company had $3,620,757 and $3,885,586 in contributed ownership as of June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

 

The reorganization has been accounted for at historical cost and prepared on the basis as if the reorganization had become effective as of the beginning of the first period presented in the accompanying financial statements of the Company. On May 23, 2019, the Company split its 50,000 ordinary shares into 500,000,000 ordinary shares. The authorized ordinary shares became 500,000,000 shares and the par value changed from US$1 to US$0.0001. As part of its reorganization and on May 23, 2019, the Company surrendered 472,000,000 ordinary shares. As a result, the Company has 28,000,000 ordinary shares issued and outstanding (140,000 shares retrospectively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on September 23, 2022, April 13, 2023 and September 25, 2023).

 

On May 18, 2021, the Company completed the closing of its initial public offering of 5,575,556 ordinary shares at a public offering price of $4.50 per ordinary share (27,878 shares of $900 per share retrospectively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on September 23, 2022, April 13, 2023 and September 25, 2023). The total gross proceed from the initial public offering was approximately $25.1 million before underwriting commissions and offering expenses. The total net proceed from the initial public offering was $21,661,293 (ordinary shares of $558 and additional paid-in capital of $21,660,735) after deducting the financing expenses directly related to the initial public offering.

 

On October 18, 2021, E-Home WFOE entered into an equity transfer agreement with each of E-Home Pingtan and Fuzhou Bangchang and their respective shareholders, pursuant to which E-Home WFOE exercised the options to acquire all of the equity interests in each of E-Home Pingtan and Fuzhou Bangchang from their respective shareholders. Upon the registration of the equity transfers with the local governmental authorities as of October 27, 2021, the equity transfers were closed, the company’s VIE structure was dissolved and each of E-Home Pingtan and Fuzhou Bangchang became a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of the Company.

 

On June 21, 2021, the Company granted 6,000 ordinary (3 shares retrospectively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on September 23, 2022, April 13, 2023 and September 25, 2023) to three of its independent directors (200 shares for each director, 10 shares retrospectively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on September 23, 2022, April 13, 2023 and September 25, 2023) as their compensations at a fair value of $213,840 (ordinary shares of $1 and additional paid-in capital of $213,839).

 

On January 20, 2022, the Company and E-Home Pingtan entered into an equity transfer agreement to acquire 60% equity interests in Youyou in consideration of in consideration for the sum of (i) RMB4 million (approximately $0.60 million) in cash and (ii) 2,702,826 ordinary shares of the Company (1,351 shares retrospectively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on September 23, 2022, April 13, 2023 and September 25, 2023). On February 3, 2022, the Company issued 2,702,826 ordinary shares to the former controlling shareholders of Youyou at a fair value of $2,000,091 (par value of $270 and additional paid-in capital of $1,999,821).

 

On January 20, 2022, the Company and E-Home Pingtan entered into an equity transfer agreement to acquire 40% equity interests in Lianbao in consideration of in consideration for 5,823,363 ordinary shares of the Company (2,912 shares retrospectively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on September 23, 2022, April 13, 2023 and September 25, 2023). On March 2, 2022, the Company issued 5,823,363 ordinary shares to the former controlling shareholders of Lianbao.

 

On March 18, 2022, the Company granted 400,000 ordinary shares (200 shares retrospectively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on September 23, 2022, April 13, 2023 and September 25, 2023) to its consultants as their compensations at a fair value of $308,000 (par value of $40 and additional paid-in capital of $307,960). On June 22, 2022, the Company granted 1,000,000 ordinary shares (500 shares retrospectively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on September 23, 2022, April 13, 2023 and September 25, 2023) to its directors as their compensations at a fair value of $322,500 (par value of $100 and additional paid-in capital of $322,400).

 

On June 14, 2022, the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary, E-Home Hong Kong, entered into an equity transfer agreement with Zhongrun, a limited liability company established in China and Ms. Ling Chen, the sole shareholder of Zhongrun, pursuant to which Ms. Chen agreed to transfer 55% of the equity interests in Zhongrun to E-Home Hong Kong, in consideration for the sum of (i) RMB3 million (approximately $0.45 million) in cash and (ii) 28,041,992 ordinary shares of the Company. On July 8, 2022, the Company issued 28,041,992 ordinary shares (14,021 shares retrospectively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on September 23, 2022, April 13, 2023 and September 25, 2023) according to the equity transfer agreement at a fair value of $8,496,724 (par value of $2,804 and additional paid-in capital of $8,493,919).

 

F-35

 

On July 30, 2022, the Company’s board of directors approved to acquire 100% of the equity interests of Chuangying and its subsidiaries from Lin Jianying, in consideration for an aggregate of 14,438,584 ordinary shares (7,219 shares retrospectively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on September 23, 2022, April 13, 2023 and September 25, 2023) of the Company valued at RMB389.2 million (approximately $5.59 million) with a per share issuance price equal to 130% of the average of the Nasdaq closing price for the consecutive twenty trading days preceding July 26, 2022, or $0.39. Beijing Ningbanghonghe Assets Valuation Firm, a third-party appraiser based in Beijing, China, rendered a valuation report, in which the value of total shareholder equity in Chuangying was determined to be approximately RMB39.2 million.

 

On August 15, 2022, the Company’s board of directors approved the financing by the Company in the amount of $3,600,000 through the issuance and sale to Multi Rise Holdings Limited, a British Virgin Islands company, of 16,363,636 ordinary shares (8,182 shares retrospectively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on,) of the Company, par value $0.0001 per share, at a per share purchase price of $0.22, pursuant to a securities purchase agreement.

 

On September 19, 2022, the Company’s board of directors approved for issuance and sale of the Company’s ordinary shares up to an aggregate offering price of US$12,300,000 that the Company may sell to White Lion Capital LLC from time to time at the Company’s sole discretion over the commitment period, plus an aggregate of 1,329,729 of Ordinary Shares issuable to the Investor as commitment fee pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. On September 14, 2022, the Company issued 10,343,064 ordinary shares (5,172 shares retrospectively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on September 23, 2022, April 13, 2023 and September 25, 2023) to White Lion Capital LLC for the aggregated consideration of $783,303.

 

Reverse stock split

 

On September 8, 2022, the Company’s board of directors approved to effect a one-for-twenty reverse stock split of its ordinary shares with the market effective on September 23, 2022, such that the number of the Company’s authorized preferred and ordinary shares remain unchanged, and the par value of each ordinary share is increased from US$0.0001 to US$0.002. As a result of the reverse stock split, each twenty pre-split ordinary shares outstanding were automatically combined and converted to one issued and outstanding ordinary share without any action on the part of the shareholder. No fractional ordinary shares were issued to any shareholders in connection with the reverse stock split. Each shareholder was entitled to receive one ordinary share in lieu of the fractional share that would have resulted from the reverse stock split.

 

On November 18, 2022, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain investors, pursuant to which each of the investors agreed to purchase and the Company agreed to issue and sell to the investors, an aggregation of 3,480,000 ordinary shares (34,800 shares retrospectively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on April 13, 2023 and September 25, 2023) of the Company at the subscription price of US$1.00 per share for the aggregated consideration of US$3,480,000.

 

On December 20, 2022, the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary, E-Home Hong Kong, entered into an equity transfer agreement with Zhongrun, a limited liability company established in China and Ms. Ling Chen, pursuant to which Ms. Chen agreed to transfer 20% of the equity interests in Zhongrun to E-Home Hong Kong, in consideration for RMB20 million. On December 20, 2022, the Company issued 4,660,129 ordinary shares (46,601 shares retrospectively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on April 13, 2023 and September 25, 2023) at a fair value of $2,853,596 (par value of $9,320 and additional paid-in capital of $2,844,276).

 

F-36

 

On January 6, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with eleven investors, including two entities and nine individuals, pursuant to which the investors agreed to purchase an aggregate of 40,650,406 ordinary shares (406,504 shares retrospectively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on April 12, 2023 and September 25, 2023) of the Company for the purchase price of $0.492 per ordinary share, which is the average of the closing prices of the Company’s ordinary shares for the six consecutive trading days prior to January 3, 2023. The Company has received an aggregate of US$20 million proceeds in connection with the investment.

 

On January 27, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain investors, pursuant to which each of the investors agreed to purchase and the Company agreed to issue and sell to the investors an aggregate of 183,077,333 ordinary shares (1,830,773 shares retrospectively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on April 12, 2023 and September 25, 2023) at a purchase price of US$0.383 per ordinary share for the aggregate gross proceeds of US$70,118,618 before deducting offering expenses.

 

Reverse stock split

 

On April 12, 2023, the Company announced the effect of a one-for ten reverse stock split of its ordinary shares approved by the Company’s Annual General Meeting of Shareholders with the market effective on April 13, 2023, such that the par value of each ordinary share is increased from US$0.002 to US$0.02. As a result of the one-for-ten reverse stock split, each ten pre-split ordinary shares outstanding were automatically combined and converted to one issued and outstanding ordinary share without any action on the part of the shareholder. No fractional ordinary shares were issued to any shareholders in connection with the reverse stock split.

 

Statutory Reserve

 

The Company is required to make appropriations to certain reserve funds, comprising the statutory surplus reserve and the discretionary surplus reserve, based on after-tax net income determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles of the PRC (“PRC GAAP”). Appropriations to the statutory surplus reserve are required to be at least 10% of the after-tax net income determined in accordance with PRC GAAP until the reserve is equal to 50% of the entity’s registered capital. Appropriations to the discretionary surplus reserve are made at the discretion of the Board of Directors. The reserved amounts as determined pursuant to PRC statutory laws totaled $664,100 and $664,100 as of June 30, 2023 and 2022.

 

Dividends

 

Dividends declared by the Company are based on the distributable profits as reported in its statutory financial statements reported in accordance with PRC GAAP, which may differ from the results of operations reflected in the consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with US GAAP. The Company’s ability to pay dividends is primarily from cash received from its operating activities in PRC. For the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, there were no Company dividend declared.

 

F-37

 

NOTE 20 –REVENUE

 

The Company disaggregated sales of household appliance accessories from installation and maintenance revenue and senior care services revenue into the sales of the E-watch and the care service. Sales of household appliance accessories and E-watches are recognized in revenue at a point in time while revenue from care service is recognized over a period of time. Deferred portion of senior care service is recorded as a liability (advances from customers) in the company’s balance sheet.

 

    2023     2022  
Installation and maintenance   $ 38,724,515     $ 37,531,466  
Sales of household appliance accessories     2,452,685       2,486,496  
Housekeeping     17,210,122       16,340,910  
Senior care services     4,292,886       5,259,977  
Sales of E-watch     2,223,067       2,132,244  
Sales of pharmaceutical products     2,368,071       -  
Educational consulting services     1,050,397       -  
Total   $ 68,321,743     $ 63,751,093  

 

NOTE 21 – SEGMENT INFORMATION

 

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the management for decision making. Management has identified five operating segments which are installation and maintenance, housekeeping, senior care services, sales of pharmaceutical products and educational consulting services. Operations for senior care services began in August 2019. The Company started generating revenue from this new segment in August 2019. Segments of sales of pharmaceutical products and educational consulting services were acquired from business combination during the year ended June 30, 2023. These operating segments are monitored and strategic decisions are made on the basis of segmental profit margins. Segment profit is defined as net sales reduced by cost of revenue and other related operating expenses. The results are shown as follows for the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021:

 

Revenue   2023     2022     2021  
Installation and Maintenance   $ 41,177,200     $ 40,017,962     $ 51,546,235  
Housekeeping     17,210,122       16,340,910       16,792,722  
Senior care services     6,515,953       7,392,221       6,038,814  
Sales of pharmaceutical products     2,368,071       -       -  
Educational consulting services     1,050,397       -       -  
Sublease     -       -       147,663  
Total   $ 68,321,743     $ 63,751,093     $ 74,525,434  

  

Cost of revenue   2023     2022     2021  
Installation and Maintenance   $ 27,989,959     $ 26,791,434     $ 32,209,179  
Housekeeping     14,453,168       13,411,221       13,435,869  
Senior care services     4,471,015       4,191,920       2,666,350  
Sales of pharmaceutical products     2,178,131       -       -  
Educational consulting services     671,825       -       -  
Total   $ 49,764,098     $ 44,394,575     $ 48,311,398  

  

Gross profit   2023     2022     2021  
Installation and Maintenance   $ 13,187,241     $ 13,226,528     $ 19,337,056  
Housekeeping     2,756,954       2,929,689       3,356,853  
Senior care services     2,044,938       3,200,301       3,372,464  
Sales of pharmaceutical products     189,940       -       -  
Educational consulting services     378,572       -       -  
Sublease     -       -       147,663  
Total   $ 18,557,645     $ 19,356,518     $ 26,214,036  

 

F-38

 

Sales and marketing expenses   2023     2022     2021  
Installation and Maintenance   $ -     $ -     $ -  
Housekeeping     -       -       -  
Senior care services     -       -       -  
Sales of pharmaceutical products     -       -       -  
Educational consulting services     -       -       -  
Unallocated     22,691,231       11,989,919       10,279,274  
Total   $ 22,691,231     $ 11,989,919     $ 10,279,274  

 

General and administrative expenses   2023     2022     2021  
Installation and Maintenance   $ -     $ -     $ -  
Housekeeping     -       -       -  
Senior care services     -       -       -  
Sales of pharmaceutical products     -       -       -  
Educational consulting services     -       -       -  
Unallocated     26,230,966       8,219,584       6,869,419  
Total   $ 26,230,966     $ 8,219,584     $ 6,869,419  

 

Current assets   2023     2022  
Installation and Maintenance   $ -     $ -  
Housekeeping     -       -  
Senior care services     -       -  
Sales of pharmaceutical products     1,520,107       -  
Educational consulting services     819,311       -  
Unallocated current assets     81,691,818       66,996,451  
Total   $ 84,031,236     $ 66,996,451  

 

Non-current assets   2023     2022  
Installation and Maintenance   $ -     $ -  
Housekeeping     -       -  
Senior care services     5,118,174       4,301,543  
Sales of pharmaceutical products     649,608       -  
Educational consulting services     17,350       -  
Unallocated non-current assets     68,439,239       9,194,315  
Total   $ 74,224,371     $ 13,495,858  

  

On account of the Company’s business model, assets, operating expense, profit or loss, liabilities and other material items could not be separated into each operating segment. As the Company’s long-lived assets and revenue are substantially located in and derived from the PRC, no geographical segments are presented.

 

NOTE 22 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

 

As of June 30, 2023, the Company had following lease commitments under non-cancelable agreements:

 

Future Lease Payments   Operating
Lease
    Finance
Lease
    Total  
July 2023 to June 2024   $ 822,421     $ 79,285     $ 901,706  
July 2024 to June 2025     84,870       79,285       164,155  
July 2025 to June 2026     29,800       79,285       109,085  
July 2026 to June 2027     29,800       79,285       109,085  
July 2027 to June 2028     29,800       79,285       109,085  
Thereafter     1,763,343       99,106       1,862,449  
Total   $ 2,760,034     $ 495,531     $ 3,255,565  

 

F-39

 

NOTE 23 – CUSTOMER AND SUPPLIER CONCENTRATION

 

Significant customers and suppliers are those that account for greater than 10% of the Company’s revenues and purchase.

 

The Company’s sales are made to customers that are located primarily in China. For the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, no individual customer or supplier accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s total revenues or purchase. As of June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, no individual customer or supplier accounted for more than 10% of the total outstanding accounts receivable or accounts payable balance.

 

NOTE 24 – RELATED PARTY BALANCES AND TRANSACTIONS

 

As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company had $442,825 and $108,761 payable balances to Mr. Wenshan Xie, one of its major shareholders, for temporary working capital needs, respectively. As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company had $1,249,387 and $0 payable balances to Ms. Ling Chen, a shareholder of Zhongrun, a major subsidiary of the Company, for temporary working capital needs, respectively.

 

During the year ended June 30, 2023, Mr. Xie made payment of $624,385 for temporary working capital needs of the Company and the Company repaid $270,998 to Mr. Xie. During the year ended June 30, 2023, Ms. Chen made payment of $1,277,124 for temporary working capital needs of the Company. During the year ended June 30, 2022, Mr. Xie made payment of $339,045 for temporary working capital needs of the Company and the Company repaid $29,514 to Mr. Xie. During the year ended June 30, 2021, Mr. Xie made payment of $63,975 for temporary working capital needs of the Company and the Company repaid $24,575 to Mr. Xie.

 

As of June 30, 2023, the Company had $4,295,120 receivable balance from E-Home Group Limited, a company controlled by CEO and Chairman of the Comapny, Mr. Wenshan Xie, for temporary lending. The balance was included in due from related parties presented on the Company’s balance sheet. The Company expects to fully collect the balance of due from related parties by December 31, 2023. For the year ended June 30, 2023, the Company transferred $4,295,120 to E-Home Group Limited for temporary lending.

 

On June 22, 2022, the Company granted 520,000 ordinary shares (260 shares retrospectively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on September 23, 2022, April 12, 2023 and September 25, 2023) to its directors and officers as their compensations at a fair value of $167,700 (par value of $52 and additional paid-in capital of $167,648).

 

On June 21, 2021, the Company granted 6,000 ordinary shares (3 shares retrospectively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on September 23, 2022, April 12, 2023 and September 25, 2023) to three of its independent directors (2,000 shares for each director) as their compensations at a fair value of $213,840 (ordinary shares of $1 and additional paid-in capital of $213,839).

 

NOTE 25 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

 

On May 15, 2023, the Board approved and adopted the Company’s 2023 Share Incentive Plan which has 6,000,000 shares (600,000 shares retrospectively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on September 25, 2023). On July 21, 2023, the Company granted 2,600,000 ordinary shares of $0.02 par value per share (260,000 shares of par value $0.2 per share retrospectively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on September 25, 2023) to its directors as their compensations under the 2023 Share Incentive Plan.

 

On July 21, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain purchasers, pursuant which the Company will sell to the purchasers in a registered direct offering, an aggregate of 107,317,074 ordinary shares of par value $0.02 per share (10,731,707 ordinary shares of par value $0.2 per share retrospectively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on September 25, 2023) for aggregate gross proceeds of $12,000,000, before deducting offering expenses. On July 25, 2023, the Company closed the registered direct offering.

 

Reverse stock split

 

On September 22, 2023, the Company announced the effect of a one-for ten reverse stock split of its ordinary shares approved by the Company’s Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders with the market effective on September 25, 2023, such that the par value of each ordinary share is increased from US$0.02 to US$0.2. As a result of the one-for-ten reverse stock split, each ten pre-split ordinary shares outstanding were automatically combined and converted to one issued and outstanding ordinary share without any action on the part of the shareholder. No fractional ordinary shares were issued to any shareholders in connection with the reverse stock split.

 

In accordance with ASC 855-10, the Company evaluated all events and transactions that occurred after June 30, 2023 up through the date the Company issued these financial statements on October 31, 2023 and concluded that no other material subsequent events except for the disclosed above.

 

F-40

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EX-1.3 2 f20f2023ex1-3_ehomehouse.htm THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION OF THE REGISTRANT

Exhibit 1.3

 

THE COMPANIES ACT (AS REVISED)

 

EXEMPTED COMPANY LIMITED BY SHARES

 

 

THE THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED

 

MEMORANDUM OF ASSOCIATION

 

OF

 

E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited

 

(Adopted by way of a special resolution passed by the
shareholders at the extraordinary general meeting held on 15 September 2023)

 

1. The name of the Company is E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited.

 

2. The registered office of the Company is at Harneys Fiduciary (Cayman) Limited, 4th Floor, Harbour Place, 103 South Church Street, P.O. Box 10240, Grand Cayman KY1-1002, Cayman Islands.

 

3. Subject to the following provisions of this Memorandum, the objects for which the Company is established are unrestricted.

 

4. Subject to the following provisions of this Memorandum, the Company shall have and be capable of exercising all the functions of a natural person of full capacity irrespective of any question of corporate benefit, as provided by Section 27(2) of the Companies Act.

 

5. Nothing in this Memorandum shall permit the Company to carry on a business for which a licence is required under the laws of the Cayman Islands unless duly licensed.

 

6. The Company shall not trade in the Cayman Islands with any person, firm or corporation except in furtherance of the business of the Company carried on outside the Cayman Islands; provided that nothing in this clause shall be construed as to prevent the Company effecting and concluding contracts in the Cayman Islands, and exercising in the Cayman Islands all of its powers necessary for the carrying on of its business outside the Cayman Islands.

 

7. The liability of each member is limited to the amount from time to time unpaid on such member’s shares.

 

8. The share capital of the Company is US$100,020,000 divided into (x) 500,000,000 shares designated as ordinary shares with a nominal or par value of US$0.2 per share and (y) 10,000,000 shares designated as preferred shares with a nominal or par value of US$0.002 per share.

 

9. The Company may exercise the power contained in the Companies Act to deregister in the Cayman Islands and be registered by way of continuation in another jurisdiction.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  


 

The Companies Act (As Revised)

Exempted Company Limited by Shares

 

 

 

 

 

THE THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED

 

ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION

 

 

 

OF

 

 

 

E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited

 

(Adopted by way of a special resolution passed by the
shareholders at the extraordinary general meeting held on 15 September 2023)

 

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  


 

I N D E X

 

SUBJECT   Article No.
Table A   1
Interpretation   1
Share Capital   5
Alteration Of Capital   6
Share Rights   7
Variation Of Rights   8
Shares   8
Share Certificates   9
Lien   11
Calls On Shares   11
Forfeiture Of Shares   13
Register Of Members   14
Record Dates   15
Transfer Of Shares   16
Transmission Of Shares   17
Untraceable Members   18
General Meetings   19
Notice Of General Meetings   19
Proceedings At General Meetings   20
Voting   24
Proxies   26
Corporations Acting By Representatives   28
Action By Written Resolutions Of Members   29
Board Of Directors   29
No Retirement of Directors by Rotation   30
Disqualification Of Directors   30
Alternate Directors   31
Directors’ Fees And Expenses   32
Directors’ Interests   32
General Powers Of The Directors   34
Borrowing Powers   36
Proceedings Of The Directors   37
Audit Committee   39
Officers   40
Register of Directors and Officers   40
Minutes   41
Seal   41
Authentication Of Documents   42
Destruction Of Documents   42
Dividends And Other Payments   43
Reserves   48
Capitalisation   48
Subscription Rights Reserve   49
Accounting Records   51
Audit   52
Notices   53
Signatures   55
Winding Up   56
Indemnity   56
Amendment To Memorandum and Articles of Association And Name of Company   57
Information   57
Financial Year   57

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

- i -


 

THE COMPANIES ACT (AS REVISED)
EXEMPTED COMPANY LIMITED BY SHARES

 

THE THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED
ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION

 

OF

 

E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited

 

(Adopted by way of a special resolution passed by the
shareholders at the extraordinary general meeting held on 15 September 2023)

 

INTERPRETATION

 

TABLE A

 

1. The regulations in Table A in the Schedule to the Companies Act (As Revised) do not apply to the Company.

 

INTERPRETATION

 

2. (1) In these Articles, unless the context otherwise requires, the words standing in the first column of the following table shall bear the meaning set opposite them respectively in the second column.

 

WORD   MEANING
     
“Act”   The Companies Act (As Revised) as consolidated and revised of the Cayman Islands.
     
“Articles”   these Articles in their present form or as supplemented or amended or substituted from time to time.
     
“Audit Committee”   the audit committee of the Company formed by the Board pursuant to Article 122 hereof, or any successor audit committee.
     
“Auditor”   the independent auditor of the Company which shall be an internationally recognized firm of independent accountants.
     
“Board” or “Directors”   the board of directors of the Company or the directors present at a meeting of directors of the Company at which a quorum is present.
     
“capital”   the share capital from time to time of the Company.
     
“clear days”   in relation to the period of a notice, that period excluding the day when the notice is given or deemed to be given and the day for which it is given or on which it is to take effect.
     
“clearing house”   a clearing house recognised by the laws of the jurisdiction in which the shares of the Company (or depositary receipts therefor) are listed or quoted on a stock exchange or interdealer quotation system in such jurisdiction.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

- 1 -


 

“Company”   E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited.
     
“competent regulatory authority”   a competent regulatory authority in the territory where the shares of the Company (or depositary receipts therefor) are listed or quoted on a stock exchange or interdealer quotation system in such territory.
     
“debenture” and “debenture holder”   include debenture stock and debenture stockholder respectively.
     
“Designated Stock Exchange”   the stock exchange in the United States of America on which any shares of the Company are listed for trading
     
“Designated Stock Exchange Rules”   the relevant code, rules and regulations, as amended, from time to time, applicable as a result of the original and continued listing of any shares of the Company on the Designated Stock Exchange.
     
“dollars” and “$”   dollars, the legal currency of the United States of America.
     
“Exchange Act”   the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
     
“electronic communication”   a communication sent, transmitted, conveyed and received by wire, by radio, by optical means or by other electron magnetic means in any form through any medium.
     
“electronic meeting”   a general meeting held and conducted wholly and exclusively by virtual attendance and participation by Members and/or proxies by means of electronic facilities.
     
“head office”   such office of the Company as the Directors may from time to time determine to be the principal office of the Company.
     
“hybrid meeting”   a general meeting convened for the (i) physical attendance by Members and/or proxies at the Principal Meeting Place and where applicable, one or more Meeting Locations and (ii) virtual attendance and participation by Members and/or proxies by means of electronic facilities.
     
“Listing Rules”   rules of the Designated Stock Exchange.
     
“Meeting Location”   has the meaning given to it in Article 64A.
     
“Member”   a duly registered holder from time to time of the shares in the capital of the Company.
     
“month”   a calendar month.
     
“Notice”   written notice unless otherwise specifically stated and as further defined in these Articles.
     
“Office”   the registered office of the Company for the time being.
     
“ordinary resolution”   a resolution shall be an ordinary resolution when it has been passed by a simple majority of votes cast by such Members as, being entitled so to do, vote in person or, in the case of any Member being a corporation, by its duly authorised representative or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at a general meeting of which Notice has been duly given in accordance with Article 59;

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

- 2 -


 

“paid up”   paid up or credited as paid up.
     
“physical meeting”   a general meeting held and conducted by physical attendance and participation by Members and/or proxies at the Principal Meeting Place and/or where applicable, one or more Meeting Locations.
     
“Principal Meeting Place”   shall have the meaning given to it in Article 59(2).
     
“Register”   the principal register and where applicable, any branch register of Members of the Company to be maintained at such place within or outside the Cayman Islands as the Board shall determine from time to time.
     
“Registration Office”   in respect of any class of share capital such place as the Board may from time to time determine to keep a branch register of Members in respect of that class of share capital and where (except in cases where the Board otherwise directs) the transfers or other documents of title for such class of share capital are to be lodged for registration and are to be registered.
     
“SEC”   the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.
     
“Seal”   common seal or any one or more duplicate seals of the Company (including a securities seal) for use in the Cayman Islands or in any place outside the Cayman Islands.
     
“Secretary”   any person, firm or corporation appointed by the Board to perform any of the duties of secretary of the Company and includes any assistant, deputy, temporary or acting secretary.
     
“special resolution”   a resolution shall be a special resolution when it has been passed by a majority of not less than two-thirds of votes cast by such Members as, being entitled so to do, vote in person or, in the case of such Members as are corporations, by their respective duly authorised representative or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at a general meeting of which Notice has been duly given in accordance with Article 59.
     
    A special resolution shall be effective for any purpose for which an ordinary resolution is expressed to be required under any provision of these Articles or the Statutes.
     
“Statutes”   the Act and every other law of the Legislature of the Cayman Islands for the time being in force applying to or affecting the Company, its Memorandum of Association and/or these Articles.
     
“year”   a calendar year.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

- 3 -


 

(2) In these Articles, unless there be something within the subject or context inconsistent with such construction:

 

(a) words importing the singular include the plural and vice versa;

 

(b) words importing a gender include both gender and the neuter;

 

(c) words importing persons include companies, associations and bodies of persons whether corporate or not;

 

(d) the words:

 

(i) “may” shall be construed as permissive;

 

(ii) “shall” or “will” shall be construed as imperative;

 

(e) expressions referring to writing shall, unless the contrary intention appears, be construed as including printing, lithography, photography and other modes of representing or reproducing words or figures in a legible and non-transitory form or, to the extent permitted by and in accordance with the Statutes and other applicable laws, rules and regulations, any visible substitute for writing (including an electronic communication), or modes of representing or reproducing words partly in one visible form and partly in another visible form, and including where the representation takes the form of electronic display, provided that both the mode of service of the relevant document or Notice and the Member’s election comply with all applicable Statutes, rules and regulations;

 

(f) references to any law, ordinance, statute or statutory provision shall be interpreted as relating to any statutory modification or re-enactment thereof for the time being in force;

 

(g) save as aforesaid words and expressions defined in the Statutes shall bear the same meanings in these Articles if not inconsistent with the subject in the context;

 

(h) references to a document (including, but without limitation, a resolution in writing) being signed or executed include references to it being signed or executed under hand or under seal or by electronic signature or by electronic communication or by any other method and references to a Notice or document include a Notice or document recorded or stored in any digital, electronic, electrical, magnetic or other retrievable form or medium and information in visible form whether having physical substance or not;

 

(i) Section 8 and Section 19 of the Electronic Transactions Act (2003) of the Cayman Islands, as amended from time to time, shall not apply to these Articles to the extent it imposes obligations or requirements in addition to those set out in these Articles;

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

- 4 -


 

(j) a reference to a meeting shall mean a meeting convened and held in any manner permitted by these Articles and any Member or Director attending and participating at a meeting by means of electronic facilities shall be deemed to be present at that meeting for all purposes of the Statutes and these Articles, and attend, participate, attending, participating, attendance and participation shall be construed accordingly;

 

(k) references to a person’s participation in the business of a general meeting include without limitation and as relevant the right (including, in the case of a corporation, through a duly authorised representative) to speak or communicate, vote, be represented by a proxy and have access in hard copy or electronic form to all documents which are required by the Statutes or these Articles to be made available at the meeting, and participate and participating in the business of a general meeting shall be construed accordingly;

 

(l) references to electronic facilities include, without limitation, website addresses, webinars, webcast, video or any form of conference call systems (telephone, video, web or otherwise); and

 

(m) where a Member is a corporation, any reference in these Articles to a Member shall, where the context requires, refer to a duly authorised representative of such Member.

 

SHARE CAPITAL

 

3. (1) The share capital of the Company at the date on which these Articles come into effect shall be divided into shares of (a) 500,000,000 shares designated as ordinary shares with a nominal or par value of US$0.2 per share and (b) 10,000,000 shares designated as preferred shares with a nominal or par value of US$0.002 per share.

 

(2) Subject to the Act, the Company’s Memorandum and Articles of Association and, where applicable, the rules of the Designated Stock Exchange and/or any competent regulatory authority, the Company shall have the power to purchase or otherwise acquire its own shares and such power shall be exercisable by the Board in such manner, upon such terms and subject to such conditions as it in its absolute discretion thinks fit and any determination by the Board of the manner of purchase shall be deemed authorised by these Articles for purposes of the Act. The Company is hereby authorised to make payments in respect of the purchase of its shares out of capital or out of any other account or fund which can be authorised for this purpose in accordance with the Act.

 

(3) Subject to compliance with the rules of the Designated Stock Exchange and any other competent regulatory authority, the Company may give financial assistance for the purpose of or in connection with a purchase made or to be made by any person of any shares in the Company.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

- 5 -


 

(4) The Board may accept the surrender for no consideration of any fully paid share.

 

(5) No share shall be issued to bearer.

 

ALTERATION OF CAPITAL

 

4. The Company may from time to time by ordinary resolution in accordance with the Act alter the conditions of its Memorandum of Association to:

 

(a) increase its capital by such sum, to be divided into shares of such amounts, as the resolution shall prescribe;

 

(b) consolidate and divide all or any of its capital into shares of larger amount than its existing shares;

 

(c) without prejudice to the powers of the Board under Article 12, divide its shares into several classes and without prejudice to any special rights previously conferred on the holders of existing shares attach thereto respectively any preferential, deferred, qualified or special rights, privileges, conditions or such restrictions which in the absence of any such determination by the Company in general meeting, as the Directors may determine provided always that, for the avoidance of doubt, where a class of shares has been authorized by the Company no resolution of the Company in general meeting is required for the issuance of shares of that class and the Directors may issue shares of that class and determine such rights, privileges, conditions or restrictions attaching thereto as aforesaid, and further provided that where the Company issues shares which do not carry voting rights, the words “non-voting” shall appear in the designation of such shares and where the equity capital includes shares with different voting rights, the designation of each class of shares, other than those with the most favourable voting rights, must include the words “restricted voting” or “limited voting”;

 

(d) sub-divide its shares, or any of them, into shares of smaller amount than is fixed by the Company’s Memorandum of Association (subject, nevertheless, to the Act), and may by such resolution determine that, as between the holders of the shares resulting from such sub-division, one or more of the shares may have any such preferred, deferred or other rights or be subject to any such restrictions as compared with the other or others as the Company has power to attach to unissued or new shares;

 

(e) cancel any shares which, at the date of the passing of the resolution, have not been taken, or agreed to be taken, by any person, and diminish the amount of its capital by the amount of the shares so cancelled or, in the case of shares, without par value, diminish the number of shares into which its capital is divided.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

- 6 -


 

5. The Board may settle as it considers expedient any difficulty which arises in relation to any consolidation and division under the last preceding Article and in particular but without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing may issue certificates in respect of fractions of shares or arrange for the sale of the shares representing fractions and the distribution of the net proceeds of sale (after deduction of the expenses of such sale) in due proportion amongst the Members who would have been entitled to the fractions, and for this purpose the Board may authorise some person to transfer the shares representing fractions to their purchaser or resolve that such net proceeds be paid to the Company for the Company’s benefit. Such purchaser will not be bound to see to the application of the purchase money nor will his title to the shares be affected by any irregularity or invalidity in the proceedings relating to the sale.

 

6. The Company may from time to time by special resolution, subject to any confirmation or consent required by the Act, reduce its share capital or any capital redemption reserve or other undistributable reserve in any manner permitted by law.

 

7. Except so far as otherwise provided by the conditions of issue, or by these Articles, any capital raised by the creation of new shares shall be treated as if it formed part of the original capital of the Company, and such shares shall be subject to the provisions contained in these Articles with reference to the payment of calls and instalments, transfer and transmission, forfeiture, lien, cancellation, surrender, voting and otherwise.

 

SHARE RIGHTS

 

8. Subject to the provisions of the Act, the Designated Stock Exchange Rules and the Company’s Memorandum and Articles of Association and to any special rights conferred on the holders of any shares or class of shares, and without prejudice to Article 12 hereof, any share in the Company (whether forming part of the present capital or not) may be issued with or have attached thereto such rights or restrictions whether in regard to dividend, voting, return of capital or otherwise as the Board may determine, including without limitation on terms that they may be, or at the option of the Company or the holder are, liable to be redeemed on such terms and in such manner, including out of capital, as the Board may deem fit.

 

9. Subject to the Act, any preferred shares may be issued or converted into shares that, at a determinable date or at the option of the Company or the holder thereof, are to be redeemed or are liable to be redeemed on such terms and in such manner as the Directors may in their absolute discretion determine.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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VARIATION OF RIGHTS

 

10. Subject to the Act and without prejudice to Article 8, all or any of the special rights for the time being attached to the shares or any class of shares may, unless otherwise provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class, from time to time (whether or not the Company is being wound up) be varied, modified or abrogated with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a separate general meeting of the holders of the shares of that class. To every such separate general meeting, all the provisions of these Articles relating to general meetings of the Company shall, mutatis mutandis, apply, but so that:

 

(a) the necessary quorum (whether at a separate general meeting or at its adjourned meeting) shall be a person or persons (or in the case of a Member being a corporation, its duly authorized representative) together holding or representing by proxy not less than one-third of the votes attached to the issued shares of that class; and

 

(b) every holder of shares of the class shall be entitled on a poll to one vote for every such share held by him.

 

11. The special rights conferred upon the holders of any shares or class of shares shall not, unless otherwise expressly provided in the rights attaching to or the terms of issue of such shares, be deemed to be varied, modified or abrogated by the creation or issue of further shares ranking pari passu therewith.

 

SHARES

 

12. (1) Subject to the Act, these Articles and, where applicable, the rules of the Designated Stock Exchange and without prejudice to any special rights or restrictions for the time being attached to any shares or any class of shares, the unissued shares of the Company (whether forming part of the original or any increased capital) shall be at the disposal of the Board, which may offer, allot, grant options over or otherwise dispose of them to such persons, at such times and for such consideration and upon such terms and conditions as the Board may in its absolute discretion determine but so that no shares shall be issued at a discount to their par value. In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, the Board is hereby empowered to authorize by resolution or resolutions from time to time the issuance of one or more classes or series of preferred shares and to fix the designations, powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional and other rights, if any, and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, if any, including, without limitation, the number of shares constituting each such class or series, dividend rights, conversion rights, redemption privileges, voting powers, full or limited or no voting powers, and liquidation preferences, and to increase or decrease the size of any such class or series (but not below the number of shares of any class or series of preferred shares then outstanding) to the extent permitted by law. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the resolution or resolutions providing for the establishment of any class or series of preferred shares may, to the extent permitted by law, provide that such class or series shall be superior to, rank equally with or be junior to the preferred shares of any other class or series.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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(2) Neither the Company nor the Board shall be obliged, when making or granting any allotment of, offer of, option over or disposal of shares, to make, or make available, any such allotment, offer, option or shares to Members or others with registered addresses in any particular territory or territories being a territory or territories where, in the absence of a registration statement or other special formalities, this would or might, in the opinion of the Board, be unlawful or impracticable. Members affected as a result of the foregoing sentence shall not be, or be deemed to be, a separate class of members for any purpose whatsoever. Except as otherwise expressly provided in the resolution or resolutions providing for the establishment of any class or series of preferred shares, no vote of the holders of preferred shares or ordinary shares shall be a prerequisite to the issuance of any shares of any class or series of the preferred shares authorized by and complying with the conditions of the Memorandum and Articles of Association.

 

(3) The Board may issue options, warrants or convertible securities or securities of similar nature conferring the right upon the holders thereof to subscribe for, purchase or receive any class of shares or securities in the capital of the Company on such terms as it may from time to time determine.

 

13. The Company may in connection with the issue of any shares exercise all powers of paying commission and brokerage conferred or permitted by the Act. Subject to the Act, the commission may be satisfied by the payment of cash or by the allotment of fully or partly paid shares or partly in one and partly in the other.

 

14. Except as required by law, no person shall be recognised by the Company as holding any share upon any trust and the Company shall not be bound by or required in any way to recognise (even when having notice thereof) any equitable, contingent, future or partial interest in any share or any fractional part of a share or (except only as otherwise provided by these Articles or by law) any other rights in respect of any share except an absolute right to the entirety thereof in the registered holder.

 

15. Subject to the Act and these Articles, the Board may at any time after the allotment of shares but before any person has been entered in the Register as the holder, recognise a renunciation thereof by the allottee in favour of some other person and may accord to any allottee of a share a right to effect such renunciation upon and subject to such terms and conditions as the Board considers fit to impose.

 

SHARE CERTIFICATES

 

16. Any share certificate(s) issued by the Company shall be issued under the Seal or a facsimile thereof and shall specify the number and class and distinguishing numbers (if any) of the shares to which it relates, and the amount paid up thereon and may otherwise be in such form as the Directors may from time to time determine. No certificate shall be issued representing shares of more than one class. The Board may by resolution determine, either generally or in any particular case or cases, that any signatures on any such certificates (or certificates in respect of other securities) need not be autographic but may be affixed to such certificates by some mechanical means or may be printed thereon.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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17. (1) In the case of a share held jointly by several persons, the Company shall not be bound to issue more than one certificate therefor and delivery of a certificate to one of several joint holders shall be sufficient delivery to all such holders.

 

(2) Where a share stands in the names of two or more persons, the person first named in the Register shall as regards service of notices and, subject to the provisions of these Articles, all or any other matters connected with the Company, except the transfer of the shares, be deemed the sole holder thereof.

 

18. The Company is not obligated to issue a share certificate to a Member unless the Member requests it in writing from the Company. Every person whose name is entered, upon an allotment of shares, as a Member in the Register shall be entitled upon written request by such Member to the Company, to receive one certificate for all such shares of any one class or several certificates each for one or more of such shares of such class upon payment for every certificate of such fee as is provided in Article 20(2).

 

19. Upon request by a Member, and receipt of all amounts required under Article 20(2), a share certificate shall be issued within the relevant time limit as prescribed by the Act or as the Designated Stock Exchange may from time to time determine, whichever is the shorter, after allotment or, except in the case of a transfer which the Company is for the time being entitled to refuse to register and does not register, after lodgment of a transfer with the Company.

 

20. (1) Upon every transfer of shares the certificate held by the transferor shall be given up to be cancelled, and shall forthwith be cancelled accordingly, and a new certificate may be issued to the transferee (upon written request of the transferee) in respect of the shares transferred to him at such fee as is provided in paragraph (2) of this Article. If any of the shares included in the certificate so given up shall be retained by the transferor a new certificate for the balance may be issued to him at the aforesaid fee payable by the transferor to the Company in respect thereof.

 

(2) The fee referred to in paragraph (1) above shall be an amount not exceeding the relevant maximum amount as the Designated Stock Exchange may from time to time determine provided that the Board may at any time determine a lower amount for such fee.

 

21. If a share certificate shall be damaged or defaced or alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed a new certificate representing the same shares may be issued to the relevant Member upon request and on payment of such fee as the Company may determine and, subject to compliance with such terms (if any) as to evidence and indemnity and to payment of the costs and reasonable out-of-pocket expenses of the Company in investigating such evidence and preparing such indemnity as the Board may think fit and, in case of damage or defacement, on delivery of the old certificate to the Company provided always that where share warrants have been issued, no new share warrant shall be issued to replace one that has been lost unless the Board has determined that the original has been destroyed.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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LIEN

 

22. The Company shall have a first and paramount lien on every share that is not a fully paid share, for all moneys (whether presently payable or not) called or payable at a fixed time in respect of that share. The Company shall also have a first and paramount lien on every share that is not a fully paid share registered in the name of a Member (whether or not jointly with other Members) for all amounts of money presently payable by such Member or his estate to the Company whether the same shall have been incurred before or after notice to the Company of any equitable or other interest of any person other than such Member, and whether the period for the payment or discharge of the same shall have actually arrived or not, and notwithstanding that the same are joint debts or liabilities of such Member or his estate and any other person, whether a Member of the Company or not. The Company’s lien on a share shall extend to all dividends or other moneys payable thereon or in respect thereof. The Board may at any time, generally or in any particular case, waive any lien that has arisen or declare any share exempt in whole or in part, from the provisions of this Article.

 

23. Subject to these Articles, the Company may sell in such manner as the Board determines any share on which the Company has a lien, but no sale shall be made unless some sum in respect of which the lien exists is presently payable, or the liability or engagement in respect of which such lien exists is liable to be presently fulfilled or discharged nor until the expiration of fourteen (14) clear days after a Notice in writing, stating and demanding payment of the sum presently payable, or specifying the liability or engagement and demanding fulfilment or discharge thereof and giving Notice of the intention to sell in default, has been served on the registered holder for the time being of the share or the person entitled thereto by reason of his death or bankruptcy.

 

24. The net proceeds of the sale shall be received by the Company and applied in or towards payment or discharge of the debt or liability in respect of which the lien exists, so far as the same is presently payable, and any residue shall (subject to a like lien for debts or liabilities not presently payable as existed upon the share prior to the sale) be paid to the person entitled to the share at the time of the sale. To give effect to any such sale the Board may authorise some person to transfer the shares sold to the purchaser thereof. The purchaser shall be registered as the holder of the shares so transferred and he shall not be bound to see to the application of the purchase money, nor shall his title to the shares be affected by any irregularity or invalidity in the proceedings relating to the sale.

 

CALLS ON SHARES

 

25. Subject to these Articles and to the terms of allotment, the Board may from time to time make calls upon the Members in respect of any moneys unpaid on their shares (whether on account of the nominal value of the shares or by way of premium), and each Member shall (subject to being given at least fourteen (14) clear days’ Notice specifying the time and place of payment) pay to the Company as required by such Notice the amount called on his shares. A call may be extended, postponed or revoked in whole or in part as the Board determines but no Member shall be entitled to any such extension, postponement or revocation except as a matter of grace and favour.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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26. A call shall be deemed to have been made at the time when the resolution of the Board authorising the call was passed and may be made payable either in one lump sum or by instalments.

 

27. A person upon whom a call is made shall remain liable for calls made upon him notwithstanding the subsequent transfer of the shares in respect of which the call was made. The joint holders of a share shall be jointly and severally liable to pay all calls and instalments due in respect thereof or other moneys due in respect thereof.

 

28. If a sum called in respect of a share is not paid before or on the day appointed for payment thereof, the person from whom the sum is due shall pay interest on the amount unpaid from the day appointed for payment thereof to the time of actual payment at such rate (not exceeding twenty per cent. (20%) per annum) as the Board may determine, but the Board may in its absolute discretion waive payment of such interest wholly or in part.

 

29. No Member shall be entitled to receive any dividend or bonus or to be present and vote (save as proxy for another Member) at any general meeting either personally or by proxy, or be reckoned in a quorum, or exercise any other privilege as a Member until all calls or instalments due by him to the Company, whether alone or jointly with any other person, together with interest and expenses (if any) shall have been paid.

 

30. On the trial or hearing of any action or other proceedings for the recovery of any money due for any call, it shall be sufficient to prove that the name of the Member sued is entered in the Register as the holder, or one of the holders, of the shares in respect of which such debt accrued, that the resolution making the call is duly recorded in the minute book, and that notice of such call was duly given to the Member sued, in pursuance of these Articles; and it shall not be necessary to prove the appointment of the Directors who made such call, nor any other matters whatsoever, but the proof of the matters aforesaid shall be conclusive evidence of the debt.

 

31. Any amount payable in respect of a share upon allotment or at any fixed date, whether in respect of nominal value or premium or as an instalment of a call, shall be deemed to be a call duly made and payable on the date fixed for payment and if it is not paid the provisions of these Articles shall apply as if that amount had become due and payable by virtue of a call duly made and notified.

 

32. On the issue of shares the Board may differentiate between the allottees or holders as to the amount of calls to be paid and the times of payment.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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33. The Board may, if it thinks fit, receive from any Member willing to advance the same, and either in money or money’s worth, all or any part of the moneys uncalled and unpaid or instalments payable upon any shares held by him and upon all or any of the moneys so advanced (until the same would, but for such advance, become presently payable) pay interest at such rate (if any) as the Board may decide. The Board may at any time repay the amount so advanced upon giving to such Member not less than one (1) month’s Notice of its intention in that behalf, unless before the expiration of such notice the amount so advanced shall have been called up on the shares in respect of which it was advanced. Such payment in advance shall not entitle the holder of such share or shares to participate in respect thereof in a dividend subsequently declared.

 

FORFEITURE OF SHARES

 

34. (1) If a call remains unpaid after it has become due and payable the Board may give to the person from whom it is due not less than fourteen (14) clear days’ Notice:

 

(a) requiring payment of the amount unpaid together with any interest which may have accrued and which may still accrue up to the date of actual payment; and

 

(b) stating that if the Notice is not complied with the shares on which the call was made will be liable to be forfeited.

 

(2) If the requirements of any such Notice are not complied with, any share in respect of which such Notice has been given may at any time thereafter, before payment of all calls and interest due in respect thereof has been made, be forfeited by a resolution of the Board to that effect, and such forfeiture shall include all dividends and bonuses declared in respect of the forfeited share but not actually paid before the forfeiture.

 

35. When any share has been forfeited, Notice of the forfeiture shall be served upon the person who was before forfeiture the holder of the share. No forfeiture shall be invalidated by any omission or neglect to give such Notice.

 

36. The Board may accept the surrender of any share liable to be forfeited hereunder and, in such case, references in these Articles to forfeiture will include surrender.

 

37. Any share so forfeited shall be deemed the property of the Company and may be sold, re-allotted or otherwise disposed of to such person, upon such terms and in such manner as the Board determines, and at any time before a sale, re-allotment or disposition the forfeiture may be annulled by the Board on such terms as the Board determines.

 

38. A person whose shares have been forfeited shall cease to be a Member in respect of the forfeited shares but nevertheless shall remain liable to pay the Company all moneys which at the date of forfeiture were presently payable by him to the Company in respect of the shares, with (if the Directors shall in their discretion so require) interest thereon from the date of forfeiture until payment at such rate (not exceeding twenty per cent. (20%) per annum) as the Board determines. The Board may enforce payment thereof if it thinks fit, and without any deduction or allowance for the value of the forfeited shares, at the date of forfeiture, but his liability shall cease if and when the Company shall have received payment in full of all such moneys in respect of the shares. For the purposes of this Article any sum which, by the terms of issue of a share, is payable thereon at a fixed time which is subsequent to the date of forfeiture, whether on account of the nominal value of the share or by way of premium, shall notwithstanding that time has not yet arrived be deemed to be payable at the date of forfeiture, and the same shall become due and payable immediately upon the forfeiture, but interest thereon shall only be payable in respect of any period between the said fixed time and the date of actual payment.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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39. A declaration by a Director or the Secretary that a share has been forfeited on a specified date shall be conclusive evidence of the facts therein stated as against all persons claiming to be entitled to the share, and such declaration shall (subject to the execution of an instrument of transfer by the Company if necessary) constitute a good title to the share, and the person to whom the share is disposed of shall be registered as the holder of the share and shall not be bound to see to the application of the consideration (if any), nor shall his title to the share be affected by any irregularity in or invalidity of the proceedings in reference to the forfeiture, sale or disposal of the share. When any share shall have been forfeited, notice of the declaration shall be given to the Member in whose name it stood immediately prior to the forfeiture, and an entry of the forfeiture, with the date thereof, shall forthwith be made in the register, but no forfeiture shall be in any manner invalidated by any omission or neglect to give such notice or make any such entry.

 

40. Notwithstanding any such forfeiture as aforesaid, the Board may at any time, before any shares so forfeited shall have been sold, re-allotted or otherwise disposed of, permit the shares forfeited to be bought back upon the terms of payment of all calls and interest due upon and expenses incurred in respect of the share, and upon such further terms (if any) as it thinks fit.

 

41. The forfeiture of a share shall not prejudice the right of the Company to any call already made or instalment payable thereon.

 

42. The provisions of these Articles as to forfeiture shall apply in the case of non-payment of any sum which, by the terms of issue of a share, becomes payable at a fixed time, whether on account of the nominal value of the share or by way of premium, as if the same had been payable by virtue of a call duly made and notified.

 

REGISTER OF MEMBERS

 

43. (1) The Company shall keep in one or more books a Register of its Members and shall enter therein the following particulars, that is to say:

 

(a) the name and address of each Member, the number and class of shares held by him and the amount paid or agreed to be considered as paid on such shares;

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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(b) the date on which each person was entered in the Register; and

 

(c) the date on which any person ceased to be a Member.

 

(2) The Company may keep an overseas or local or other branch register of Members resident in any place, and the Board may make and vary such regulations as it determines in respect of the keeping of any such register and maintaining a Registration Office in connection therewith.

 

44. The Register and branch register of Members, as the case may be, shall be open to inspection for such times and on such days as the Board shall determine by Members without charge or by any other person, upon a maximum payment of $2.50 or such other sum specified by the Board, at the Office or Registration Office or such other place at which the Register is kept in accordance with the Act. The Register including any overseas or local or other branch register of Members may, after compliance with any notice requirement of the Designated Stock Exchange , be closed at such times or for such periods not exceeding in the whole thirty (30) days in each year as the Board may determine and either generally or in respect of any class of shares.

 

RECORD DATES

 

45. (1) For the purpose of determining the Members entitled to notice of or to vote at any general meeting, or any adjournment thereof, or entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of shares or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board may fix, in advance, a date as the record date for any such determination of Members, which date shall not be more than sixty (60) days nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting, nor more than sixty (60) days prior to any other such action.

 

(2) If the Board does not fix a record date for any general meeting, the record date for determining the Members entitled to a notice of or to vote at such meeting shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if in accordance with these Articles notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. The record date for determining the Members for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board adopts the resolution relating thereto.

 

(3) A determination of the Members of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of the Members shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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TRANSFER OF SHARES

 

46. Subject to these Articles, any Member may transfer all or any of his shares by an instrument of transfer in the usual or common form or in a form prescribed by the Designated Stock Exchange or in any other form approved by the Board and may be under hand or, if the transferor or transferee is a clearing house or a central depository house or its nominee(s), by hand or by machine imprinted signature or by such other manner of execution as the Board may approve from time to time.

 

47. The instrument of transfer shall be executed by or on behalf of the transferor and the transferee provided that the Board may dispense with the execution of the instrument of transfer by the transferee in any case which it thinks fit in its discretion to do so. Without prejudice to the last preceding Article, the Board may also resolve, either generally or in any particular case, upon request by either the transferor or transferee, to accept mechanically executed transfers. The transferor shall be deemed to remain the holder of the share until the name of the transferee is entered in the Register in respect thereof. Nothing in these Articles shall preclude the Board from recognising a renunciation of the allotment or provisional allotment of any share by the allottee in favour of some other person.

 

48. (1) The Board may, in its absolute discretion, and without giving any reason therefor, refuse to register a transfer of any share (not being a fully paid up share) to a person of whom it does not approve, or any share issued under any share incentive scheme for employees upon which a restriction on transfer imposed thereby still subsists, and it may also, without prejudice to the foregoing generality, refuse to register a transfer of any share to more than four (4) joint holders or a transfer of any share (not being a fully paid up share) on which the Company has a lien.

 

(2) The Board in so far as permitted by any applicable law may, in its absolute discretion, at any time and from time to time transfer any share upon the Register to any branch register or any share on any branch register to the Register or any other branch register. In the event of any such transfer, the Member requesting such transfer shall bear the cost of effecting the transfer unless the Board otherwise determines.

 

(3) Unless the Board otherwise agrees (which agreement may be on such terms and subject to such conditions as the Board in its absolute discretion may from time to time determine, and which agreement the Board shall, without giving any reason therefor, be entitled in its absolute discretion to give or withhold), no shares upon the Register shall be transferred to any branch register nor shall shares on any branch register be transferred to the Register or any other branch register and all transfers and other documents of title shall be lodged for registration, and registered, in the case of any shares on a branch register, at the relevant Registration Office, and, in the case of any shares on the Register, at the Office or such other place at which the Register is kept in accordance with the Act.

 

49. Without limiting the generality of the last preceding Article, the Board may decline to recognise any instrument of transfer unless:-

 

(a) a fee of such maximum sum as the Designated Stock Exchange may determine to be payable or such lesser sum as the Board may from time to time require is paid to the Company in respect thereof;

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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(b) the instrument of transfer is in respect of only one class of share;

 

(c) the instrument of transfer is lodged at the Office or such other place at which the Register is kept in accordance with the Act or the Registration Office (as the case may be) accompanied by the relevant share certificate(s) and such other evidence as the Board may reasonably require to show the right of the transferor to make the transfer (and, if the instrument of transfer is executed by some other person on his behalf, the authority of that person so to do); and

 

(d) if applicable, the instrument of transfer is duly and properly stamped.

 

50. If the Board refuses to register a transfer of any share, it shall, within three (3) months after the date on which the transfer was lodged with the Company, send to each of the transferor and transferee notice of the refusal.

 

51. The registration of transfers of shares or of any class of shares may, after compliance with any notice requirement of the Designated Stock Exchange, be suspended at such times and for such periods (not exceeding in the whole thirty (30) days in any year) as the Board may determine.

 

TRANSMISSION OF SHARES

 

52. If a Member dies, the survivor or survivors where the deceased was a joint holder, and his legal personal representatives where he was a sole or only surviving holder, will be the only persons recognised by the Company as having any title to his interest in the shares; but nothing in this Article will release the estate of a deceased Member (whether sole or joint) from any liability in respect of any share which had been solely or jointly held by him.

 

53. Any person becoming entitled to a share in consequence of the death or bankruptcy or winding-up of a Member may, upon such evidence as to his title being produced as may be required by the Board, elect either to become the holder of the share or to have some person nominated by him registered as the transferee thereof. If he elects to become the holder he shall notify the Company in writing either at the Registration Office or Office, as the case may be, to that effect. If he elects to have another person registered he shall execute a transfer of the share in favour of that person. The provisions of these Articles relating to the transfer and registration of transfers of shares shall apply to such notice or transfer as aforesaid as if the death or bankruptcy of the Member had not occurred and the notice or transfer were a transfer signed by such Member.

 

54. A person becoming entitled to a share by reason of the death or bankruptcy or winding-up of a Member shall be entitled to the same dividends and other advantages to which he would be entitled if he were the registered holder of the share. However, the Board may, if it thinks fit, withhold the payment of any dividend payable or other advantages in respect of such share until such person shall become the registered holder of the share or shall have effectually transferred such share, but, subject to the requirements of Article 75(2) being met, such a person may vote at meetings.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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UNTRACEABLE MEMBERS

 

55. (1) Without prejudice to the rights of the Company under paragraph (2) of this Article, the Company may cease sending cheques for dividend entitlements or dividend warrants by post if such cheques or warrants have been left uncashed on two consecutive occasions. However, the Company may exercise the power to cease sending cheques for dividend entitlements or dividend warrants after the first occasion on which such a cheque or warrant is returned undelivered.

 

(2) The Company shall have the power to sell, in such manner as the Board thinks fit, any shares of a Member who is untraceable, but no such sale shall be made unless:

 

(a) all cheques or warrants in respect of dividends of the shares in question, being not less than three in total number, for any sum payable in cash to the holder of such shares in respect of them sent during the relevant period in the manner authorised by the Articles of the Company have remained uncashed;

 

(b) so far as it is aware at the end of the relevant period, the Company has not at any time during the relevant period received any indication of the existence of the Member who is the holder of such shares or of a person entitled to such shares by death, bankruptcy or operation of law; and

 

(c) the Company, if so required by the rules governing the listing of shares on the Designated Stock Exchange, has given notice to, and caused advertisement in newspapers to be made in accordance with the requirements of, the Designated Stock Exchange of its intention to sell such shares in the manner required by the Designated Stock Exchange, and a period of three (3) months or such shorter period as may be allowed by the Designated Stock Exchange has elapsed since the date of such advertisement.

 

For the purpose of the foregoing, the “relevant period” means the period commencing twelve (12) years before the date of publication of the advertisement referred to in paragraph (c) of this Article and ending at the expiry of the period referred to in that paragraph.

 

(3) To give effect to any such sale the Board may authorise some person to transfer the said shares and an instrument of transfer signed or otherwise executed by or on behalf of such person shall be as effective as if it had been executed by the registered holder or the person entitled by transmission to such shares, and the purchaser shall not be bound to see to the application of the purchase money nor shall his title to the shares be affected by any irregularity or invalidity in the proceedings relating to the sale. The net proceeds of the sale will belong to the Company and upon receipt by the Company of such net proceeds it shall become indebted to the former Member for an amount equal to such net proceeds. No trust shall be created in respect of such debt and no interest shall be payable in respect of it and the Company shall not be required to account for any money earned from the net proceeds which may be employed in the business of the Company or as it thinks fit. Any sale under this Article shall be valid and effective notwithstanding that the Member holding the shares sold is dead, bankrupt or otherwise under any legal disability or incapacity.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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GENERAL MEETINGS

 

56. The Company may hold an annual general meeting and shall specify the meeting as such in the Notice calling it. An annual general meeting of the Company shall be held at such time and place as may be determined by the Board.

 

57. Each general meeting, other than an annual general meeting, shall be called an extraordinary general meeting. General meetings (including an annual general meeting, any adjourned meeting or postponed meeting) may be held as a physical meeting in any part of the world and at one or more locations as provided in Article 64A, as a hybrid meeting or as an electronic meeting, as may be determined by the Board in its absolute discretion.

 

58. Only a majority of the Board or the Chairman of the Board may call general meetings, which general meetings shall be held at such times and locations (as permitted hereby) as such person or persons shall determine.

 

NOTICE OF GENERAL MEETINGS

 

59. (1) An annual general meeting and any extraordinary general meeting may be called by not less than ten (10) clear days’ Notice but a general meeting may be called by shorter notice, subject to the Act, if it is so agreed:

 

(a) in the case of a meeting called as an annual general meeting, by all the Members entitled to attend and vote thereat; and

 

(b) in the case of any other meeting, by a majority in number of the Members having the right to attend and vote at the meeting, being a majority together holding not less than ninety-five per cent. (95%) in nominal value of the issued shares giving that right.

 

(2) The Notice shall specify (a) the time and date of the meeting, (b) save for an electronic meeting, the place of the meeting and if there is more than one meeting location as determined by the Board pursuant to Article 64A, the principal place of the meeting (the “Principal Meeting Place”), (c) if the general meeting is to be a hybrid meeting or an electronic meeting, the Notice shall include a statement to that effect and with details of the electronic facilities for attendance and participation by electronic means at the meeting or where such details will be made available by the Company prior to the meeting, and (d) particulars of resolutions to be considered at the meeting. The Notice convening an annual general meeting shall specify the meeting as such. Notice of every general meeting shall be given to all Members other than to such Members as, under the provisions of these Articles or the terms of issue of the shares they hold, are not entitled to receive such Notices from the Company, to all persons entitled to a share in consequence of the death or bankruptcy or winding-up of a Member and to each of the Directors.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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60. The accidental omission to give Notice of a meeting or (in cases where instruments of proxy are sent out with the Notice) to send such instrument of proxy to, or the non-receipt of such Notice or such instrument of proxy by, any person entitled to receive such Notice shall not invalidate any resolution passed or the proceedings at that meeting.

 

PROCEEDINGS AT GENERAL MEETINGS

 

61. (1) All business shall be deemed special that is transacted at an extraordinary general meeting, and also all business that is transacted at an annual general meeting, with the exception of the election of Directors.

 

(2) No business other than the appointment of a chairman of a meeting shall be transacted at any general meeting unless a quorum is present at the commencement of the business. At any general meeting of the Company, two (2) Members entitled to vote and present in person or by proxy representing not less than one-third of the votes attached to the then issued share capital of the Company throughout the meeting shall form a quorum for all purposes.

 

62. If within thirty (30) minutes (or such longer time not exceeding one hour as the chairman of the meeting may determine to wait) after the time appointed for the meeting a quorum is not present, the meeting shall stand adjourned to the same day in the next week at the same time and (where applicable) same place(s) or to such time and (where applicable) such place(s) and in such form and manner referred to in Article 57 as the chairman of the meeting (or in default, the Board) may absolutely determine. If at such adjourned meeting a quorum is not present within half an hour from the time appointed for holding the meeting, the meeting shall be dissolved.

 

63. The Chairman of the Board shall preside as chairman at every general meeting. If at any meeting the chairman is not present within fifteen (15) minutes after the time appointed for holding the meeting, or is not willing to act as chairman, the Directors present shall choose one of their number to act, or if one Director only is present he shall preside as chairman if willing to act. If no Director is present, or if each of the Directors present declines to take the chair, or if the chairman chosen shall retire from the chair, the Members present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote shall elect one of their number to be chairman.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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64. Subject to Article 64C, the chairman may adjourn the meeting from time to time (or indefinitely) and/or from place to place(s) and/or from one form to another (a physical meeting, a hybrid meeting or an electronic meeting), but no business shall be transacted at any adjourned meeting other than the business which might lawfully have been transacted at the meeting had the adjournment not taken place. When a meeting is adjourned for fourteen (14) days or more, at least seven (7) clear days’ Notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given specifying the details set out in Article 59(2) but it shall not be necessary to specify in such Notice the nature of the business to be transacted at the adjourned meeting and the general nature of the business to be transacted. Save as aforesaid, it shall be unnecessary to give Notice of an adjournment.

 

64A (1) The Board may, at its absolute discretion, arrange for persons entitled to attend a general meeting to do so by simultaneous attendance and participation by means of electronic facilities at such location or locations (“Meeting Location(s)”) determined by the Board at its absolute discretion. Any Member or any proxy attending and participating in such way or any Member or proxy attending and participating in an electronic meeting or a hybrid meeting by means of electronic facilities is deemed to be present at and shall be counted in the quorum of the meeting.

 

(2) All general meetings are subject to the following and, where appropriate, all references to a “Member” or “Members” in this sub-paragraph (2) shall include a proxy or proxies respectively:

 

(a) where a Member is attending a Meeting Location and/or in the case of a hybrid meeting, the meeting shall be treated as having commenced if it has commenced at the Principal Meeting Place;

 

(b) Members present in person or by proxy at a Meeting Location and/or Members attending and participating in an electronic meeting or a hybrid meeting by means of electronic facilities shall be counted in the quorum for and entitled to vote at the meeting in question, and that meeting shall be duly constituted and its proceedings valid provided that the chairman of the meeting is satisfied that adequate electronic facilities are available throughout the meeting to ensure that Members at all Meeting Locations and Members participating in an electronic meeting or a hybrid meeting by means of electronic facilities are able to participate in the business for which the meeting has been convened;

 

(c) where Members attend a meeting by being present at one of the Meeting Locations and/or where Members participating in an electronic meeting or a hybrid meeting by means of electronic facilities, a failure (for any reason) of the electronic facilities or communication equipment, or any other failure in the arrangements for enabling those in a Meeting Location other than the Principal Meeting Place to participate in the business for which the meeting has been convened or in the case of an electronic meeting or a hybrid meeting, the inability of one or more Members or proxies to access, or continue to access, the electronic facilities despite adequate electronic facilities having been made available by the Company, shall not affect the validity of the meeting or the resolutions passed, or any business conducted there or any action taken pursuant to such business provided that there is a quorum present throughout the meeting.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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(d) if any of the Meeting Locations is not in the same jurisdiction as the Principal Meeting Place and/or in the case of a hybrid meeting, the provisions of these Articles concerning the service and giving of Notice for the meeting, and the time for lodging proxies, shall apply by reference to the Principal Meeting Place; and in the case of an electronic meeting, the time for lodging proxies shall be as stated in the Notice for the meeting.

 

64B. The Board and, at any general meeting, the chairman of the meeting may from time to time make arrangements for managing attendance and/or participation and/or voting at the Principal Meeting Place, any Meeting Location(s) and/or participation in an electronic meeting or a hybrid meeting by means of electronic facilities (whether involving the issue of tickets or some other means of identification, passcode, seat reservation, electronic voting or otherwise) as it shall in its absolute discretion consider appropriate, and may from time to time change any such arrangements, provided that a Member who, pursuant to such arrangements, is not entitled to attend, in person or by proxy, at any Meeting Location shall be entitled so to attend at one of the other Meeting Locations; and the entitlement of any Member so to attend the meeting or adjourned meeting or postponed meeting at such Meeting Location or Meeting Locations shall be subject to any such arrangement as may be for the time being in force and by the Notice of meeting or adjourned meeting or postponed meeting stated to apply to the meeting.

 

64C. If it appears to the chairman of the general meeting that:

 

(a) the electronic facilities at the Principal Meeting Place or at such other Meeting Location(s) at which the meeting may be attended have become inadequate for the purposes referred to in Article 64A(1) or are otherwise not sufficient to allow the meeting to be conducted substantially in accordance with the provisions set out in the Notice of the meeting; or

 

(b) in the case of an electronic meeting or a hybrid meeting, electronic facilities being made available by the Company have become inadequate; or

 

(c) it is not possible to ascertain the view of those present or to give all persons entitled to do so a reasonable opportunity to communicate and/or vote at the meeting; or

 

(d) there is violence or the threat of violence, unruly behaviour or other disruption occurring at the meeting or it is not possible to secure the proper and orderly conduct of the meeting;

 

then, without prejudice to any other power which the chairman of the meeting may have under these Articles or at common law, the chairman may, at his/her absolute discretion, without the consent of the meeting, and before or after the meeting has started and irrespective of whether a quorum is present, interrupt or adjourn the meeting (including adjournment for indefinite period). All business conducted at the meeting up to the time of such adjournment shall be valid.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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64D. The Board and, at any general meeting, the chairman of the meeting may make any arrangement and impose any requirement or restriction the Board or the chairman of the meeting, as the case may be, considers appropriate to ensure the security and orderly conduct of a meeting (including, without limitation, requirements for evidence of identity to be produced by those attending the meeting, the searching of their personal property and the restriction of items that may be taken into the meeting place, determining the number and frequency of and the time allowed for questions that may be raised at a meeting). Members shall also comply with all requirements or restrictions imposed by the owner of the premises at which the meeting is held. Any decision made under this Article shall be final and conclusive and a person who refuses to comply with any such arrangements, requirements or restrictions may be refused entry to the meeting or ejected (physically or electronically) from the meeting.

 

64E. If, after the sending of Notice of a general meeting but before the meeting is held, or after the adjournment of a meeting but before the adjourned meeting is held (whether or not Notice of the adjourned meeting is required), the Directors, in their absolute discretion, consider that it is inappropriate, impracticable, unreasonable or undesirable for any reason to hold the general meeting on the date or at the time or place or by means of electronic facilities specified in the Notice calling the meeting, they may change or postpone the meeting to another date, time and/or place and/or change the electronic facilities and/or change the form of the meeting (a physical meeting, an electronic meeting or a hybrid meeting) without approval from the Members. Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, the Directors shall have the power to provide in every Notice calling a general meeting the circumstances in which a postponement of the relevant general meeting may occur automatically without further notice, including without limitation where a number 8 or higher typhoon signal, black rainstorm warning or other similar event is in force at any time on the day of the meeting. This Article shall be subject to the following:

 

(a) when a meeting is so postponed, the Company shall endeavour to post a Notice of such postponement on the Company’s website as soon as practicable (provided that failure to post such a Notice shall not affect the automatic postponement of a meeting);

 

(b) when only the form of the meeting or electronic facilities specified in the Notice are changed, the Board shall notify the Members of details of such change in such manner as the Board may determine;

 

(c) when a meeting is postponed or changed in accordance with this Article, subject to and without prejudice to Article 64, unless already specified in the original Notice of the meeting, the Board shall fix the date, time, place (if applicable) and electronic facilities (if applicable) for the postponed or changed meeting and shall notify the Members of such details in such manner as the Board may determine; further all proxy forms shall be valid (unless revoked or replaced by a new proxy) if they are received as required by these Articles not less than 48 hours before the time of the postponed meeting; and

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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(d) Notice of the business to be transacted at the postponed or changed meeting shall not be required, nor shall any accompanying documents be required to be recirculated, provided that the business to be transacted at the postponed or changed meeting is the same as that set out in the original Notice of general meeting circulated to the Members.

 

64F All persons seeking to attend and participate in an electronic meeting or a hybrid meeting shall be responsible for maintaining adequate facilities to enable them to do so. Subject to Article 64C, any inability of a person or persons to attend or participate in a general meeting by way of electronic facilities shall not invalidate the proceedings of and/or resolutions passed at that meeting.

 

64G Without prejudice to other provisions in Article 64, a physical meeting may also be held by means of such telephone, electronic or other communication facilities as permit all persons participating in the meeting to communicate with each other simultaneously and instantaneously, and participation in such a meeting shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.

 

65. If an amendment is proposed to any resolution under consideration but is in good faith ruled out of order by the chairman of the meeting, the proceedings on the substantive resolution shall not be invalidated by any error in such ruling. In the case of a resolution duly proposed as a special resolution, no amendment thereto (other than a mere clerical amendment to correct a patent error) may in any event be considered or voted upon.

 

VOTING

 

66. (1) Subject to any special rights or restrictions as to voting for the time being attached to any shares by or in accordance with these Articles, at any general meeting on a poll every Member present in person or by proxy shall have one vote for every fully paid share of which he is the holder but so that no amount paid up or credited as paid up on a share in advance of calls or instalments is treated for the foregoing purposes as paid up on the share. A resolution put to the vote of a meeting shall be decided by way of a poll save that in the case of a physical meeting, the chairman of the meeting may in good faith, allow a resolution which relates purely to a procedural or administrative matter to be voted on by a show of hands in which case every Member present in or by proxy(ies) shall have one vote provided that where more than one proxy is appointed by a Member which is a clearing house or a central depository house (or its nominee(s)), each such proxy shall have one vote on a show of hands. For purposes of this Article, procedural and administrative matters are those that (i) are not on the agenda of the general meeting or in any supplementary circular that may be issued by the Company to its Members; and (ii) relate to the chairman’s duties to maintain the orderly conduct of the meeting and/or allow the business of the meeting to be properly and effectively dealt with, whilst allowing all Members a reasonable opportunity to express their views. Votes (whether on a show of hands or by way of poll) may be cast by such means, electronic or otherwise, as the Directors or the chairman of the meeting may determine.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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(2) In the case of a physical meeting where a show of hands is allowed, before or on the declaration of the result of the show of hands, a poll may be demand by (1) the chairman of the meeting or (2) any one or more Members who together hold not less than ten percent (10%) of the votes attached to the then issued share capital of the Company, present in person or by proxy for the time being entitled to vote at the meeting. A demand by a person as proxy for a Member shall be deemed to be the same as a demand by the Member.

 

67. Where a resolution is voted on by a show of hands, a declaration by the chairman that a resolution has been carried, or carried unanimously, or by a particular majority, or not carried by a particular majority, or lost, and an entry to that effect made in the minute book of the Company, shall be conclusive evidence of the facts without proof of the number or proportion of the votes recorded for or against the resolution.

 

68. The result of the poll shall be deemed to be the resolution of the meeting. There shall be no requirement for the chairman to disclose the voting figures on a poll.

 

69. [RESERVED].

 

70. [RESERVED].

 

71. On a poll votes may be given either personally or by proxy.

 

72. A person entitled to more than one vote on a poll need not use all his votes or cast all the votes he uses in the same way.

 

73. All questions submitted to a meeting shall be decided by a simple majority of votes cast by such Members as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or by proxy except where a greater majority is required by these Articles or by the Act. In the case of an equality of votes, whether on a show of hands or on a poll, the chairman of such meeting shall be entitled to a second or casting vote in addition to any other vote he may have.

 

74. Where there are joint holders of any share any one of such joint holder may vote, either in person or by proxy, in respect of such share as if he were solely entitled thereto, but if more than one of such joint holders be present at any meeting the vote of the senior holder who tenders a vote, whether in person or by proxy, shall be accepted to the exclusion of the votes of the other joint holders, and for this purpose seniority shall be determined by the order in which the names stand in the Register in respect of the joint holding. Several executors or administrators of a deceased Member in whose name any share stands shall for the purposes of this Article be deemed joint holders thereof.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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75. (1) A Member who is a patient for any purpose relating to mental health or in respect of whom an order has been made by any court having jurisdiction for the protection or management of the affairs of persons incapable of managing their own affairs may vote, whether on a show of hands or on a poll, by his receiver, committee, curator bonis or other person in the nature of a receiver, committee or curator bonis appointed by such court, and such receiver, committee, curator bonis or other person may vote by proxy, and may otherwise act and be treated as if he were the registered holder of such shares for the purposes of general meetings, provided that such evidence as the Board may require of the authority of the person claiming to vote shall have been deposited at the Office, head office or Registration Office, as appropriate, not less than forty-eight (48) hours before the time appointed for holding the meeting, or adjourned meeting, or postponed meeting, as the case may be.

 

(2) Any person entitled under Article 53 to be registered as the holder of any shares may vote at any general meeting in respect thereof in the same manner as if he were the registered holder of such shares, provided that forty-eight (48) hours at least before the time of the holding of the meeting or adjourned meeting or postponed meeting, as the case may be, at which he proposes to vote, he shall satisfy the Board of his entitlement to such shares, or the Board shall have previously admitted his right to vote at such meeting in respect thereof.

 

76. No Member shall, unless the Board otherwise determines, be entitled to attend and vote and to be reckoned in a quorum at any general meeting unless he is duly registered and all calls or other sums presently payable by him in respect of shares in the Company have been paid.

 

77. If:

 

(a) any objection shall be raised to the qualification of any voter; or

 

(b) any votes have been counted which ought not to have been counted or which might have been rejected; or

 

(c) any votes are not counted which ought to have been counted;

 

the objection or error shall not vitiate the decision of the meeting or adjourned meeting or postponed meeting on any resolution unless the same is raised or pointed out at the meeting or, as the case may be, the adjourned meeting or postponed meeting at which the vote objected to is given or tendered or at which the error occurs. Any objection or error shall be referred to the chairman of the meeting and shall only vitiate the decision of the meeting on any resolution if the chairman decides that the same may have affected the decision of the meeting. The decision of the chairman on such matters shall be final and conclusive.

 

PROXIES

 

78. Any Member entitled to attend and vote at a meeting of the Company shall be entitled to appoint another person as his proxy to attend and vote instead of him. A Member who is the holder of two or more shares may appoint more than one proxy to represent him and vote on his behalf at a general meeting of the Company or at a class meeting. A proxy need not be a Member. In addition, a proxy or proxies representing either a Member who is an individual or a Member which is a corporation shall be entitled to exercise the same powers on behalf of the Member which he or they represent as such Member could exercise.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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79. The instrument appointing a proxy shall be in writing under the hand of the appointor or of his attorney duly authorised in writing or, if the appointor is a corporation, either under its seal or under the hand of an officer, attorney or other person authorised to sign the same. In the case of an instrument of proxy purporting to be signed on behalf of a corporation by an officer thereof it shall be assumed, unless the contrary appears, that such officer was duly authorised to sign such instrument of proxy on behalf of the corporation without further evidence of the facts.

 

80. (1) The Company may, at its absolute discretion, provide an electronic address for the receipt of any document or information relating to proxies for a general meeting (including any instrument of proxy or invitation to appoint a proxy, any document necessary to show the validity of, or otherwise relating to, an appointment of proxy (whether or not required under these Articles) and notice of termination of the authority of a proxy). If such an electronic address is provided, the Company shall be deemed to have agreed that any such document or information (relating to proxies as aforesaid) may be sent by electronic means to that address, subject as hereafter provided and subject to any other limitations or conditions specified by the Company when providing the address. Without limitation, the Company may from time to time determine that any such electronic address may be used generally for such matters or specifically for particular meetings or purposes and, if so, the Company may provide different electronic addresses for different purposes. The Company may also impose any conditions on the transmission of and its receipt of such electronic communications including, for the avoidance of doubt, imposing any security or encryption arrangements as may be specified by the Company. If any document or information required to be sent to the Company under this Article is sent to the Company by electronic means, such document or information is not treated as validly delivered to or deposited with the Company if the same is not received by the Company at its designated electronic address provided in accordance with this Article or if no electronic address is so designated by the Company for the receipt of such document or information.

 

(2) The instrument appointing a proxy and (if required by the Board) the power of attorney or other authority (if any) under which it is signed, or a certified copy of such power or authority, shall be delivered to such place or one of such places (if any) as may be specified for that purpose in or by way of note to or in any document accompanying the Notice convening the meeting (or, if no place is so specified at the Registration Office or the Office, as may be appropriate), or if the Company has provided an electronic address in accordance with the preceding paragraph, shall be received at the electronic address specified, not less than forty-eight (48) hours before the time appointed for holding the meeting or adjourned meeting or postponed meeting at which the person named in the instrument proposes to vote. No instrument appointing a proxy shall be valid after the expiration of twelve (12) months from the date named in it as the date of its execution, except at an adjourned meeting or postponed meeting in cases where the meeting was originally held within twelve (12) months from such date. Delivery of an instrument appointing a proxy shall not preclude a Member from attending and voting at the meeting convened and in such event, the instrument appointing a proxy shall be deemed to be revoked.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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81. Instruments of proxy shall be in any common form or in such other form as the Board may approve (provided that this shall not preclude the use of the two-way form) and the Board may, if it thinks fit, send out with the Notice of any meeting forms of instrument of proxy for use at the meeting. The instrument of proxy shall be deemed to confer authority to demand or join in demanding a poll and to vote on any amendment of a resolution put to the meeting for which it is given as the proxy thinks fit. The instrument of proxy shall, unless the contrary is stated therein, be valid as well for any adjournment or postponement of the meeting as for the meeting to which it relates. The Board may decide, either generally or in any particular case, to treat a proxy appointment as valid notwithstanding that the appointment or any of the information required under these Articles has not been received in accordance with the requirements of these Articles. Subject to aforesaid, if the proxy appointment and any of the information required under these Articles is not received in the manner set out in these Articles, the appointee shall not be entitled to vote in respect of the shares in question.

 

82. A vote given in accordance with the terms of an instrument of proxy shall be valid notwithstanding the previous death or insanity of the principal, or revocation of the instrument of proxy or of the authority under which it was executed, provided that no intimation in writing of such death, insanity or revocation shall have been received by the Company at the Office or the Registration Office (or such other place as may be specified for the delivery of instruments of proxy in the Notice convening the meeting or other document sent therewith) two (2) hours at least before the commencement of the meeting or adjourned meeting or postponed meeting, at which the instrument of proxy is used.

 

83. Anything which under these Articles a Member may do by proxy he may likewise do by his duly appointed attorney and the provisions of these Articles relating to proxies and instruments appointing proxies shall apply mutatis mutandis in relation to any such attorney and the instrument under which such attorney is appointed.

 

CORPORATIONS ACTING BY REPRESENTATIVES

 

84. (1) Any corporation which is a Member may by resolution of its directors or other governing body authorise such person as it thinks fit to act as its representative at any meeting of the Company or at any meeting of any class of Members. The person so authorised shall be entitled to exercise the same powers on behalf of such corporation as the corporation could exercise if it were an individual Member and such corporation shall for the purposes of these Articles be deemed to be present in person at any such meeting if a person so authorised is present thereat.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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(2) If a clearing house (or its nominee(s)) or a central depository entity, being a corporation, is a Member, it may authorise such persons as it thinks fit to act as its representatives at any meeting of the Company or at any meeting of any class of Members provided that the authorisation shall specify the number and class of shares in respect of which each such representative is so authorised. Each person so authorised under the provisions of this Article shall be deemed to have been duly authorised without further evidence of the facts and be entitled to exercise the same rights and powers on behalf of the clearing house or central depository entity (or its nominee(s)) as if such person was the registered holder of the shares of the Company held by the clearing house or a central depository entity (or its nominee(s)) including, where a show of hands is allowed, the right to vote individually on a show of hands.

 

(3) Any reference in these Articles to a duly authorised representative of a Member being a corporation shall mean a representative authorised under the provisions of this Article.

 

ACTION BY WRITTEN RESOLUTIONS OF MEMBERS

 

85. A resolution in writing signed (in such manner as to indicate, expressly or impliedly, unconditional approval) by or on behalf of all persons for the time being entitled to receive Notice of and to attend and vote at general meetings of the Company shall, for the purposes of these Articles, be treated as a resolution duly passed at a general meeting of the Company and, where relevant, as a special resolution so passed. Any such resolution shall be deemed to have been passed at a meeting held on the date on which it was signed by the last Member to sign, and where the resolution states a date as being the date of his signature thereof by any Member the statement shall be prima facie evidence that it was signed by him on that date. Such a resolution may consist of several documents in the like form, each signed by one or more relevant Members.

 

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

 

86. (1) Unless otherwise determined by the Members in general meeting, the number of Directors shall not be less than two (2). There shall be no maximum number of Directors unless otherwise determined from time to time by the Board. The Directors shall be elected or appointed in the first place by the subscribers to the Memorandum of Association or by a majority of them and thereafter in accordance with Articles 86 and 87 and shall hold office until their resignations from the Board, or their office is otherwise vacated, or until their successors are elected or appointed.

 

(2) Subject to the Articles and the Act, the Members may by ordinary resolution elect any person to be a Director either to fill a casual vacancy or as an addition to the existing Board.

 

(3) The Directors shall have the power from time to time and at any time to appoint any person as a Director to fill a casual vacancy on the Board or as an addition to the existing Board.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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(4) No Director shall be required to hold any shares of the Company by way of qualification and a Director who is not a Member shall be entitled to receive Notice of and to attend and speak at any general meeting of the Company and of all classes of shares of the Company.

 

(5) Subject to any provision to the contrary in these Articles, a Director may be removed by way of an ordinary resolution of the Members at any time before the expiration of his period of office notwithstanding anything in these Articles or in any agreement between the Company and such Director (but without prejudice to any claim for damages under any such agreement).

 

(6) A vacancy on the Board created by the removal of a Director under the provisions of subparagraph (5) above may be filled by the election or appointment by ordinary resolution of the Members at the meeting at which such Director is removed or by the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the remaining Directors present and voting at a Board meeting or by the affirmative vote of all of the remaining Directors through a resolution in writing signed by such Directors.

 

(7) The Board may from time to time by resolution increase or reduce the number of Directors but so that the number of Directors shall never be less than two (2).

 

NO RETIREMENT OF DIRECTORS BY ROTATION

 

87. No Director(s) shall be required to retire from office by rotation.

 

88. Unless otherwise provided by the Designated Stock Exchange Rules, no person shall, unless recommended by the Directors for election, be eligible for election as a Director at any general meeting.

 

DISQUALIFICATION OF DIRECTORS

 

89. The office of a Director shall be vacated if the Director:

 

(1) resigns his office by notice in writing delivered to the Company at the Office or tendered at a meeting of the Board;

 

(2) becomes of unsound mind or dies;

 

(3) without special leave of absence from the Board, is absent from meetings of the Board for six consecutive meetings and the Board resolves that his office be vacated; or

 

(4) becomes bankrupt or has a receiving order made against him or suspends payment or compounds with his creditors;

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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(5) is prohibited by law from being a Director; or

 

(6) ceases to be a Director by virtue of any provision of the Statutes or is removed from office pursuant to these Articles.

 

ALTERNATE DIRECTORS

 

90. Any Director may at any time by Notice delivered to the Office or head office or at a meeting of the Directors appoint any person (including another Director) to be his alternate Director. Any person so appointed shall have all the rights and powers of the Director or Directors for whom such person is appointed in the alternative provided that such person shall not be counted more than once in determining whether or not a quorum is present. An alternate Director may be removed at any time by the body which appointed him and, subject thereto, the office of alternate Director shall continue until the happening of any event which, if he were a Director, would cause him to vacate such office or if his appointer ceases for any reason to be a Director. Any appointment or removal of an alternate Director shall be effected by Notice signed by the appointor and delivered to the Office or head office or tendered at a meeting of the Board. An alternate Director may also be a Director in his own right and may act as alternate to more than one Director. An alternate Director shall, if his appointor so requests, be entitled to receive notices of meetings of the Board or of committees of the Board to the same extent as, but in lieu of, the Director appointing him and shall be entitled to such extent to attend and vote as a Director at any such meeting at which the Director appointing him is not personally present and generally at such meeting to exercise and discharge all the functions, powers and duties of his appointor as a Director and for the purposes of the proceedings at such meeting the provisions of these Articles shall apply as if he were a Director save that as an alternate for more than one Director his voting rights shall be cumulative.

 

91. An alternate Director shall only be a Director for the purposes of the Act and shall only be subject to the provisions of the Act insofar as they relate to the duties and obligations of a Director when performing the functions of the Director for whom he is appointed in the alternative and shall alone be responsible to the Company for his acts and defaults and shall not be deemed to be the agent of or for the Director appointing him. An alternate Director shall be entitled to contract and be interested in and benefit from contracts or arrangements or transactions and to be repaid expenses and to be indemnified by the Company to the same extent mutatis mutandis as if he were a Director but he shall not be entitled to receive from the Company any fee in his capacity as an alternate Director except only such part, if any, of the remuneration otherwise payable to his appointor as such appointor may by Notice to the Company from time to time direct.

 

92. Every person acting as an alternate Director shall have one vote for each Director for whom he acts as alternate (in addition to his own vote if he is also a Director). If his appointor is for the time being absent from the People’s Republic of China or otherwise not available or unable to act, the signature of an alternate Director to any resolution in writing of the Board or a committee of the Board of which his appointor is a member shall, unless the notice of his appointment provides to the contrary, be as effective as the signature of his appointor.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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93. An alternate Director shall ipso facto cease to be an alternate Director if his appointor ceases for any reason to be a Director, however, such alternate Director or any other person may be re-appointed by the Directors to serve as an alternate Director PROVIDED always that, if at any meeting any Director retires but is re-elected at the same meeting, any appointment of such alternate Director pursuant to these Articles which was in force immediately before his retirement shall remain in force as though he had not retired.

 

DIRECTORS’ FEES AND EXPENSES

 

94. Subject to the Designated Exchange Rules, the Directors shall receive such remuneration as the Board or a committee with such power delegated by the Board may from time to time determine.

 

95. Each Director shall be entitled to be repaid or prepaid all travelling, hotel and incidental expenses reasonably incurred or expected to be incurred by him in attending meetings of the Board or committees of the Board or general meetings or separate meetings of any class of shares or of debentures of the Company or otherwise in connection with the discharge of his duties as a Director.

 

96. Any Director who, by request, goes or resides abroad for any purpose of the Company or who performs services which in the opinion of the Board go beyond the ordinary duties of a Director may be paid such extra remuneration (whether by way of salary, commission, participation in profits or otherwise) as the Board may determine and such extra remuneration shall be in addition to or in substitution for any ordinary remuneration provided for by or pursuant to any other Article.

 

97. Subject to the Designated Exchange Rules, the Board may, without the approval of the Members in a general meeting, make payments to any Director or past Director of the Company by way of compensation for loss of office, or as consideration for or in connection with his retirement from office (not being payment to which the Director is contractually entitled).

 

DIRECTORS’ INTERESTS

 

98. A Director may:

 

(a) hold any other office or place of profit with the Company (except that of Auditor) in conjunction with his office of Director for such period and upon such terms as the Board may determine. Any remuneration (whether by way of salary, commission, participation in profits or otherwise) paid to any Director in respect of any such other office or place of profit shall be in addition to any remuneration provided for by or pursuant to any other Article;

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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(b) act by himself or his firm in a professional capacity for the Company (otherwise than as Auditor) and he or his firm may be remunerated for professional services as if he were not a Director;

 

(c) continue to be or become a director, or other officer or member of any other company promoted by the Company or in which the Company may be interested as a vendor, shareholder or otherwise and (unless otherwise agreed) no such Director shall be accountable for any remuneration, profits or other benefits received by him as a director, or other officer or member of or from his interests in any such other company. Subject as otherwise provided by these Articles the Directors may exercise or cause to be exercised the voting powers conferred by the shares in any other company held or owned by the Company, or exercisable by them as Directors of such other company in such manner in all respects as they think fit (including the exercise thereof in favour of any resolution appointing themselves or any of them directors, or other officers of such company) or voting or providing for the payment of remuneration to the director, or other officers of such other company and any Director may vote in favour of the exercise of such voting rights in manner aforesaid notwithstanding that he may be, or about to be, appointed a director, or other officer of such a company, and that as such he is or may become interested in the exercise of such voting rights in manner aforesaid.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, no “Independent Director” as defined in Designated Stock Exchange Rules or in Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act, and with respect of whom the Board has determined constitutes an “Independent Director” for purposes of compliance with applicable law or the Company’s listing requirements, shall without the consent of the Audit Committee take any of the foregoing actions or any other action that would reasonably be likely to affect such Director’s status as an “Independent Director” of the Company.

 

99. Subject to the Act and to these Articles, no Director or proposed or intending Director shall be disqualified by his office from contracting with the Company, either with regard to his tenure of any office or place of profit or as vendor, purchaser or in any other manner whatsoever, nor shall any such contract or any other contract or arrangement in which any Director is in any way interested be liable to be avoided, nor shall any Director so contracting or being so interested be liable to account to the Company or the Members for any remuneration, profit or other benefits realised by any such contract or arrangement by reason of such Director holding that office or of the fiduciary relationship thereby established provided that such Director shall disclose the nature of his interest in any contract or arrangement in which he is interested in accordance with Article 100 herein. Any such transaction that would reasonably be likely to affect a Director’s status as an “Independent Director”, or that would constitute a “related party transaction” as defined by Item 7.B of Form 20-F promulgated by the SEC, shall require the approval of the Audit Committee.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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100. A Director who to his knowledge is in any way, whether directly or indirectly, interested in a contract or arrangement or proposed contract or arrangement with the Company shall declare the nature of his interest at the meeting of the Board at which the question of entering into the contract or arrangement is first considered, if he knows his interest then exists, or in any other case at the first meeting of the Board after he knows that he is or has become so interested. For the purposes of this Article, a general Notice to the Board by a Director to the effect that:

 

(a) he is a member or officer of a specified company or firm and is to be regarded as interested in any contract or arrangement which may after the date of the Notice be made with that company or firm; or

 

(b) he is to be regarded as interested in any contract or arrangement which may after the date of the Notice be made with a specified person who is connected with him;

 

shall be deemed to be a sufficient declaration of interest under this Article in relation to any such contract or arrangement, provided that no such Notice shall be effective unless either it is given at a meeting of the Board or the Director takes reasonable steps to secure that it is brought up and read at the next Board meeting after it is given.

 

101. Following a declaration being made pursuant to the last preceding two Articles, subject to any separate requirement for Audit Committee approval under applicable law or the listing rules of the Company’s Designated Stock Exchange, and unless disqualified by the chairman of the relevant Board meeting, a Director may vote in respect of any contract or proposed contract or arrangement in which such Director is interested and may be counted in the quorum at such meeting.

 

GENERAL POWERS OF THE DIRECTORS

 

102. (1) The business of the Company shall be managed and conducted by the Board, which may pay all expenses incurred in forming and registering the Company and may exercise all powers of the Company (whether relating to the management of the business of the Company or otherwise) which are not by the Statutes or by these Articles required to be exercised by the Members in general meeting, subject nevertheless to the provisions of the Statutes and of these Articles and to such regulations being not inconsistent with such provisions, as may be prescribed by the Members in a general meeting, but no regulations made by the Members in a general meeting shall invalidate any prior act of the Board which would have been valid if such regulations had not been made. The general powers given by this Article shall not be limited or restricted by any special authority or power given to the Board by any other Article.

 

(2) Any person contracting or dealing with the Company in the ordinary course of business shall be entitled to rely on any written or oral contract or agreement or deed, document or instrument entered into or executed as the case may be by any two of the Directors acting jointly on behalf of the Company and the same shall be deemed to be validly entered into or executed by the Company as the case may be and shall, subject to any rule of law, be binding on the Company.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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(3) Without prejudice to the general powers conferred by these Articles it is hereby expressly declared that the Board shall have the following powers:

 

(a) To give to any person the right or option of requiring at a future date that an allotment shall be made to him of any share at par or at such premium as may be agreed.

 

(b) To give to any Directors, officers or employees of the Company an interest in any particular business or transaction or participation in the profits thereof or in the general profits of the Company either in addition to or in substitution for a salary or other remuneration.

 

(c) To resolve that the Company be deregistered in the Cayman Islands and continued in a named jurisdiction outside the Cayman Islands subject to the provisions of the Act.

 

103. The Board may establish any regional or local boards or agencies for managing any of the affairs of the Company in any place, and may appoint any persons to be members of such local boards, or any managers or agents, and may fix their remuneration (either by way of salary or by commission or by conferring the right to participation in the profits of the Company or by a combination of two or more of these modes) and pay the working expenses of any staff employed by them upon the business of the Company. The Board may delegate to any regional or local board, manager or agent any of the powers, authorities and discretions vested in or exercisable by the Board (other than its powers to make calls and forfeit shares), with power to sub-delegate, and may authorise the members of any of them to fill any vacancies therein and to act notwithstanding vacancies. Any such appointment or delegation may be made upon such terms and subject to such conditions as the Board may think fit, and the Board may remove any person appointed as aforesaid, and may revoke or vary such delegation, but no person dealing in good faith and without notice of any such revocation or variation shall be affected thereby.

 

104. The Board may by power of attorney appoint any company, firm or person or any fluctuating body of persons, whether nominated directly or indirectly by the Board, to be the attorney or attorneys of the Company for such purposes and with such powers, authorities and discretions (not exceeding those vested in or exercisable by the Board under these Articles) and for such period and subject to such conditions as it may think fit, and any such power of attorney may contain such provisions for the protection and convenience of persons dealing with any such attorney as the Board may think fit, and may also authorise any such attorney to sub-delegate all or any of the powers, authorities and discretions vested in him. Such attorney or attorneys may, if so authorised under the Seal of the Company, execute any deed or instrument under their personal seal with the same effect as the affixation of the Company’s Seal.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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105. The Board may entrust to and confer upon any Director any of the powers exercisable by it upon such terms and conditions and with such restrictions as it thinks fit, and either collaterally with, or to the exclusion of, its own powers, and may from time to time revoke or vary all or any of such powers but no person dealing in good faith and without notice of such revocation or variation shall be affected thereby.

 

106. All cheques, promissory notes, drafts, bills of exchange and other instruments, whether negotiable or transferable or not, and all receipts for moneys paid to the Company shall be signed, drawn, accepted, endorsed or otherwise executed, as the case may be, in such manner as the Board shall from time to time by resolution determine. The Company’s banking accounts shall be kept with such banker or bankers as the Board shall from time to time determine.

 

107. (1) The Board may establish or concur or join with other companies (being subsidiary companies of the Company or companies with which it is associated in business) in establishing and making contributions out of the Company’s moneys to any schemes or funds for providing pensions, sickness or compassionate allowances, life assurance or other benefits for employees (which expression as used in this and the following paragraph shall include any Director or ex-Director who may hold or have held any executive office or any office of profit under the Company or any of its subsidiary companies) and ex-employees of the Company and their dependants or any class or classes of such person.

 

(2) The Board may pay, enter into agreements to pay or make grants of revocable or irrevocable pensions or other benefits to employees and ex-employees and their dependants, or to any of such persons, including pensions or benefits additional to those, if any, to which such employees or ex-employees or their dependants are or may become entitled under any such scheme or fund as mentioned in the last preceding paragraph. Any such pension or benefit may, as the Board considers desirable, be granted to an employee either before and in anticipation of or upon or at any time after his actual retirement, and may be subject or not subject to any terms or conditions as the Board may determine.

 

BORROWING POWERS

 

108. The Board may exercise all the powers of the Company to raise or borrow money and to mortgage or charge all or any part of the undertaking, property and assets (present and future) and uncalled capital of the Company and, subject to the Act, to issue debentures, bonds and other securities, whether outright or as collateral security for any debt, liability or obligation of the Company or of any third party.

 

109. Debentures, bonds and other securities may be made assignable free from any equities between the Company and the person to whom the same may be issued.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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110. Any debentures, bonds or other securities may be issued at a discount (other than shares), premium or otherwise and with any special privileges as to redemption, surrender, drawings, allotment of shares, attending and voting at general meetings of the Company, appointment of Directors and otherwise.

 

111. (1) Where any uncalled capital of the Company is charged, all persons taking any subsequent charge thereon shall take the same subject to such prior charge, and shall not be entitled, by notice to the Members or otherwise, to obtain priority over such prior charge.

 

(2) The Board shall cause a proper register to be kept, in accordance with the provisions of the Act, of all charges specifically affecting the property of the Company and of any series of debentures issued by the Company and shall duly comply with the requirements of the Act in regard to the registration of charges and debentures therein specified and otherwise.

 

PROCEEDINGS OF THE DIRECTORS

 

112. The Board may meet for the despatch of business, adjourn or postpone and otherwise regulate its meetings as it considers appropriate. Questions arising at any meeting shall be determined by a majority of votes. In the case of any equality of votes the chairman of the meeting shall have an additional or casting vote.

 

113. A meeting of the Board may be convened by the Secretary on request of a Director or by any Director. The Secretary shall convene a meeting of the Board of which notice may be given in writing or by electronic means to an electronic address from time to time notified to the Company by such Director or (if the recipient consents to it being made available on a website) by making it available on a website or verbally (including in person or by telephone) or in such other manner as the Board may from time to time determine whenever he shall be required so to do by the chief executive officer or chairman, as the case may be, or any Director.

 

114. (1) The quorum necessary for the transaction of the business of the Board may be fixed by the Board and, unless so fixed at any other number, shall be a majority of the Directors then in office, and which shall include the Chairman. An alternate Director shall be counted in a quorum in the case of the absence of a Director for whom he is the alternate provided that he shall not be counted more than once for the purpose of determining whether or not a quorum is present.

 

(2) Directors may participate in any meeting of the Board by means of a conference telephone, electronic or other communications equipment through which all persons participating in the meeting can communicate with each other simultaneously and instantaneously and, for the purpose of counting a quorum, such participation shall constitute presence at a meeting as if those participating were present in person.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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(3) Any Director who ceases to be a Director at a Board meeting may continue to be present and to act as a Director and be counted in the quorum until the termination of such Board meeting if no other Director objects and if otherwise a quorum of Directors would not be present.

 

115. The continuing Directors or a sole continuing Director may act notwithstanding any vacancy in the Board but, if and so long as the number of Directors is reduced below the minimum number fixed by or in accordance with these Articles, the continuing Directors or Director, notwithstanding that the number of Directors is below the number fixed by or in accordance with these Articles as the quorum or that there is only one continuing Director, may act for the purpose of filling vacancies in the Board or of summoning general meetings of the Company but not for any other purpose.

 

116. The Chairman of the Board shall be the chairman of all meetings of the Board. If the Chairman of the Board is not present at any meeting within five (5) minutes after the time appointed for holding the same, the Directors present may choose one of their number to be chairman of the meeting.

 

117. A meeting of the Board at which a quorum is present shall be competent to exercise all the powers, authorities and discretions for the time being vested in or exercisable by the Board.

 

118. (1) The Board may delegate any of its powers, authorities and discretions to committees (including, without limitation, the Audit Committee), consisting of such Director or Directors and other persons as it thinks fit, and they may, from time to time, revoke such delegation or revoke the appointment of and discharge any such committees either wholly or in part, and either as to persons or purposes. Any committee so formed shall, in the exercise of the powers, authorities and discretions so delegated, conform to any regulations which may be imposed on it by the Board.

 

(2) All acts done by any such committee in conformity with such regulations, and in fulfilment of the purposes for which it was appointed, but not otherwise, shall have like force and effect as if done by the Board, and the Board (or if the Board delegates such power, the committee) shall have power to remunerate the members of any such committee, and charge such remuneration to the current expenses of the Company.

 

119. The meetings and proceedings of any committee consisting of two or more members shall be governed by the provisions contained in these Articles for regulating the meetings and proceedings of the Board so far as the same are applicable and are not superseded by any regulations imposed by the Board under the last preceding Article, indicating, without limitation, any committee charter adopted by the Board for purposes or in respect of any such committee.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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120. A resolution in writing signed by all the Directors except such as are temporarily unable to act through ill-health or disability, and all the alternate Directors, if appropriate, whose appointors are temporarily unable to act as aforesaid shall (provided that such number is sufficient to constitute a quorum and further provided that a copy of such resolution has been given or the contents thereof communicated to all the Directors for the time being entitled to receive notices of Board meetings in the same manner as notices of meetings are required to be given by these Articles) be as valid and effectual as if a resolution had been passed at a meeting of the Board duly convened and held. A notification of consent to such resolution given by a Director in writing to the Board by any means (including by means of electronic communication) shall be deemed to be his/her signature to such resolution in writing for the purpose of this Article. Such resolution may be contained in one document or in several documents in like form each signed by one or more of the Directors or alternate Directors and for this purpose a facsimile signature of a Director or alternate Directors shall be treated as valid.

 

121. All acts bona fide done by the Board or by any committee or by any person acting as a Director or members of a committee, shall, notwithstanding that it is afterwards discovered that there was some defect in the appointment of any member of the Board or such committee or person acting as aforesaid or that they or any of them were disqualified or had vacated office, be as valid as if every such person had been duly appointed and was qualified and had continued to be a Director or member of such committee.

 

AUDIT COMMITTEE

 

122. Without prejudice to the freedom of the Directors to establish any other committees, for so long as the shares of the Company (or depositary receipts therefor) are listed or quoted on the Designated Stock Exchange, the Board shall establish and maintain an Audit Committee as a committee of the Board, the composition and responsibilities of which shall comply with the Designated Stock Exchange Rules and the rules and regulations of the SEC.

 

123. (1) The Board shall adopt a formal written audit committee charter and review and assess the adequacy of the formal written charter on an annual basis.

 

(2) The Audit Committee shall meet at least once every financial quarter, or more frequently as circumstances dictate.

 

124. For so long as the shares of the Company (or depositary receipts therefor) are listed or quoted on the Designated Stock Exchange, the Company shall conduct an appropriate review of all related party transactions on an ongoing basis and shall utilize the Audit Committee for the review and approval of potential conflicts of interest. Specially, the Audit Committee shall approve any transaction or transactions between the Company and any of the following parties: (i) any shareholder owning an interest in the voting power of the Company or any subsidiary of the Company that gives such shareholder significant influence over the Company or any subsidiary of the Company, (ii) any director or executive officer of the Company or any subsidiary of the Company and any relative of such director or executive officer, (iii) any person in which a substantial interest in the voting power of the Company is owned, directly or indirectly, by any person described in (i) or (ii) or over which such a person is able to exercise significant influence, and (iv) any affiliate (other than a subsidiary) of the Company.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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OFFICERS

 

125. (1) The officers of the Company shall consist of the Chairman of the Board, the Directors and Secretary and such additional officers (who may or may not be Directors) as the Board may from time to time determine, all of whom shall be deemed to be officers for the purposes of the Act and these Articles.

 

(2) The Directors shall elect, by a majority of the Directors then in office, amongst the Directors the Chairman of the Board.

 

(3) The officers shall receive such remuneration as the Directors may from time to time determine.

 

126. (1) The Secretary and additional officers, if any, shall be appointed by the Board and shall hold office on such terms and for such period as the Board may determine. If thought fit, two (2) or more persons may be appointed as joint Secretaries. The Board may also appoint from time to time on such terms as it thinks fit one or more assistant or deputy Secretaries.

 

(2) The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the Members and shall keep correct minutes of such meetings and enter the same in the proper books provided for the purpose. He shall perform such other duties as are prescribed by the Act or these Articles or as may be prescribed by the Board.

 

127. The officers of the Company shall have such powers and perform such duties in the management, business and affairs of the Company as may be delegated to them by the Directors from time to time.

 

128. A provision of the Act or of these Articles requiring or authorising a thing to be done by or to a Director and the Secretary shall not be satisfied by its being done by or to the same person acting both as Director and as or in place of the Secretary.

 

REGISTER OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS

 

129. The Company shall cause to be kept in one or more books at its Office a Register of Directors and Officers in which there shall be entered the full names and addresses of the Directors and Officers and such other particulars as required by the Act or as the Directors may determine. The Company shall send to the Registrar of Companies in the Cayman Islands a copy of such register, and shall from time to time notify to the said Registrar of any change that takes place in relation to such Directors and Officers as required by the Act.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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MINUTES

 

130. (1) The Board shall cause minutes to be duly entered in books provided for the purpose:

 

(a) of all elections and appointments of officers;

 

(b) of the names of the Directors present at each meeting of the Directors and of any committee of the Directors;

 

(c) of all resolutions and proceedings of each general meeting of the Members, meetings of the Board and meetings of committees of the Board and where there are managers, of all proceedings of meetings of the managers.

 

(2) Minutes shall be kept by the Secretary at the Office.

 

SEAL

 

131. (1) The Company shall have one or more Seals, as the Board may determine. For the purpose of sealing documents creating or evidencing securities issued by the Company, the Company may have a securities seal which is a facsimile of the Seal of the Company with the addition of the word “Securities” on its face or in such other form as the Board may approve. The Board shall provide for the custody of each Seal and no Seal shall be used without the authority of the Board or of a committee of the Board authorised by the Board in that behalf. Subject as otherwise provided in these Articles, any instrument to which a Seal is affixed shall be signed autographically by one Director and the Secretary or by two Directors or by such other person (including a Director) or persons as the Board may appoint, either generally or in any particular case, save that as regards any certificates for shares or debentures or other securities of the Company the Board may by resolution determine that such signatures or either of them shall be dispensed with or affixed by some method or system of mechanical signature. Every instrument executed in manner provided by this Article shall be deemed to be sealed and executed with the authority of the Board previously given.

 

(2) Where the Company has a Seal for use abroad, the Board may by writing under the Seal appoint any agent or committee abroad to be the duly authorised agent of the Company for the purpose of affixing and using such Seal and the Board may impose restrictions on the use thereof as may be thought fit. Wherever in these Articles reference is made to the Seal, the reference shall, when and so far as may be applicable, be deemed to include any such other Seal as aforesaid.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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AUTHENTICATION OF DOCUMENTS

 

132. Any Director or the Secretary or any person appointed by the Board for the purpose may authenticate any documents affecting the constitution of the Company and any resolution passed by the Company or the Board or any committee thereof, and any books, records, documents and accounts relating to the business of the Company, and to certify copies thereof or extracts therefrom as true copies or extracts, and if any books, records, documents or accounts are elsewhere than at the Office or the head office the local manager or other officer of the Company having the custody thereof shall be deemed to be a person so appointed by the Board. A document purporting to be a copy of a resolution, or an extract from the minutes of a meeting, of the Company or of the Board or any committee thereof which is so certified shall be conclusive evidence in favour of all persons dealing with the Company upon the faith thereof that such resolution has been duly passed or, as the case may be, that such minutes or extract is a true and accurate record of proceedings at a duly constituted meeting.

 

DESTRUCTION OF DOCUMENTS

 

133. (1) The Company shall be entitled to destroy the following documents at the following times:

 

(a) any share certificate which has been cancelled at any time after the expiry of one (1) year from the date of such cancellation;

 

(b) any dividend mandate or any variation or cancellation thereof or any notification of change of name or address at any time after the expiry of two (2) years from the date such mandate, variation, cancellation or notification was recorded by the Company;

 

(c) any instrument of transfer of shares which has been registered at any time after the expiry of seven (7) years from the date of registration;

 

(d) any allotment letters after the expiry of seven (7) years from the date of issue thereof; and

 

(e) copies of powers of attorney, grants of probate and letters of administration at any time after the expiry of seven (7) years after the account to which the relevant power of attorney, grant of probate or letters of administration related has been closed;

 

and it shall conclusively be presumed in favour of the Company that every entry in the Register purporting to be made on the basis of any such documents so destroyed was duly and properly made and every share certificate so destroyed was a valid certificate duly and properly cancelled and that every instrument of transfer so destroyed was a valid and effective instrument duly and properly registered and that every other document destroyed hereunder was a valid and effective document in accordance with the recorded particulars thereof in the books or records of the Company. Provided always that: (1) the foregoing provisions of this Article shall apply only to the destruction of a document in good faith and without express notice to the Company that the preservation of such document was relevant to a claim; (2) nothing contained in this Article shall be construed as imposing upon the Company any liability in respect of the destruction of any such document earlier than as aforesaid or in any case where the conditions of proviso (1) above are not fulfilled; and (3) references in this Article to the destruction of any document include references to its disposal in any manner.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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(2) Notwithstanding any provision contained in these Articles, the Directors may, if permitted by applicable law, authorise the destruction of documents set out in sub- paragraphs (a) to (e) of paragraph (1) of this Article and any other documents in relation to share registration which have been microfilmed or electronically stored by the Company or by the share registrar on its behalf provided always that this Article shall apply only to the destruction of a document in good faith and without express notice to the Company and its share registrar that the preservation of such document was relevant to a claim.

 

DIVIDENDS AND OTHER PAYMENTS

 

134. Subject to the Act, the Board may from time to time declare dividends in any currency to be paid to the Members.

 

135. Dividends may be declared and paid out of the profits of the Company, realised or unrealised, or from any reserve set aside from profits which the Directors determine is no longer needed. The Board may also declare and pay dividends out of share premium account or any other fund or account which can be authorised for this purpose in accordance with the Act.

 

136. Except in so far as the rights attaching to, or the terms of issue of, any share otherwise provide:

 

(a) all dividends shall be declared and paid according to the amounts paid up on the shares in respect of which the dividend is paid, but no amount paid up on a share in advance of calls shall be treated for the purposes of this Article as paid up on the share; and

 

(b) all dividends shall be apportioned and paid pro rata according to the amounts paid up on the shares during any portion or portions of the period in respect of which the dividend is paid.

 

137. The Board may from time to time pay to the Members such interim dividends as appear to the Board to be justified by the profits of the Company and in particular (but without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing) if at any time the share capital of the Company is divided into different classes, the Board may pay such interim dividends in respect of those shares in the capital of the Company which confer on the holders thereof deferred or non-preferential rights as well as in respect of those shares which confer on the holders thereof preferential rights with regard to dividend and may also pay any fixed dividend which is payable on any shares of the Company half-yearly or on any other dates, whenever such profits, in the opinion of the Board, justifies such payment; provided that the Board acts bona fide the Board shall not incur any responsibility to the holders of shares conferring any preference for any damage that they may suffer by reason of the payment of an interim dividend on any shares having deferred or non-preferential rights.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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138. The Board may deduct from any dividend or other moneys payable to a Member by the Company on or in respect of any shares all sums of money (if any) presently payable by him to the Company on account of calls or otherwise.

 

139. No dividend or other moneys payable by the Company on or in respect of any share shall bear interest against the Company.

 

140. Any dividend, interest or other sum payable in cash to the holder of shares may be paid by cheque or warrant sent through the post addressed to the holder at his registered address or, in the case of joint holders, addressed to the holder whose name stands first in the Register in respect of the shares at his address as appearing in the Register or addressed to such person and at such address as the holder or joint holders may in writing direct. Every such cheque or warrant shall, unless the holder or joint holders otherwise direct, be made payable to the order of the holder or, in the case of joint holders, to the order of the holder whose name stands first on the Register in respect of such shares, and shall be sent at his or their risk and payment of the cheque or warrant by the bank on which it is drawn shall constitute a good discharge to the Company notwithstanding that it may subsequently appear that the same has been stolen or that any endorsement thereon has been forged. Any one of two or more joint holders may give effectual receipts for any dividends or other moneys payable or property distributable in respect of the shares held by such joint holders.

 

141. All dividends or bonuses unclaimed for one (1) year after having been declared may be invested or otherwise made use of by the Board for the benefit of the Company until claimed. Any dividend or bonuses unclaimed after a period of six (6) years from the date of declaration shall be forfeited and shall revert to the Company. The payment by the Board of any unclaimed dividend or other sums payable on or in respect of a share into a separate account shall not constitute the Company a trustee in respect thereof.

 

142. Whenever the Board has resolved that a dividend be paid or declared, the Board may further resolve that such dividend be satisfied wholly or in part by the distribution of specific assets of any kind and in particular of paid up shares, debentures or warrants to subscribe securities of the Company or any other company, or in any one or more of such ways, and where any difficulty arises in regard to the distribution the Board may settle the same as it thinks expedient, and in particular may issue certificates in respect of fractions of shares, disregard fractional entitlements or round the same up or down, and may fix the value for distribution of such specific assets, or any part thereof, and may determine that cash payments shall be made to any Members upon the footing of the value so fixed in order to adjust the rights of all parties, and may vest any such specific assets in trustees as may seem expedient to the Board and may appoint any person to sign any requisite instruments of transfer and other documents on behalf of the persons entitled to the dividend, and such appointment shall be effective and binding on the Members. The Board may resolve that no such assets shall be made available to Members with registered addresses in any particular territory or territories where, in the absence of a registration statement or other special formalities, such distribution of assets would or might, in the opinion of the Board, be unlawful or impracticable and in such event the only entitlement of the Members aforesaid shall be to receive cash payments as aforesaid. Members affected as a result of the foregoing sentence shall not be or be deemed to be a separate class of Members for any purpose whatsoever.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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143. (1) Whenever the Board has resolved that a dividend be paid or declared on any class of the share capital of the Company, the Board may further resolve either:

 

(a) that such dividend be satisfied wholly or in part in the form of an allotment of shares credited as fully paid up, provided that the Members entitled thereto will be entitled to elect to receive such dividend (or part thereof if the Board so determines) in cash in lieu of such allotment. In such case, the following provisions shall apply:

 

(i) the basis of any such allotment shall be determined by the Board;

 

(ii) the Board, after determining the basis of allotment, shall give not less than ten (10) days’ Notice to the holders of the relevant shares of the right of election accorded to them and shall send with such notice forms of election and specify the procedure to be followed and the place at which and the latest date and time by which duly completed forms of election must be lodged in order to be effective;

 

(iii) the right of election may be exercised in respect of the whole or part of that portion of the dividend in respect of which the right of election has been accorded; and

 

(iv) the dividend (or that part of the dividend to be satisfied by the allotment of shares as aforesaid) shall not be payable in cash on shares in respect whereof the cash election has not been duly exercised (“the non-elected shares”) and in satisfaction thereof shares of the relevant class shall be allotted credited as fully paid up to the holders of the non-elected shares on the basis of allotment determined as aforesaid and for such purpose the Board shall capitalise and apply out of any part of the undivided profits of the Company (including profits carried and standing to the credit of any reserves or other special account, share premium account, capital redemption reserve other than the Subscription Rights Reserve (as defined below)) as the Board may determine, such sum as may be required to pay up in full the appropriate number of shares of the relevant class for allotment and distribution to and amongst the holders of the non-elected shares on such basis; or

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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(b) that the Members entitled to such dividend shall be entitled to elect to receive an allotment of shares credited as fully paid up in lieu of the whole or such part of the dividend as the Board may think fit. In such case, the following provisions shall apply:

 

(i) the basis of any such allotment shall be determined by the Board;

 

(ii) the Board, after determining the basis of allotment, shall give not less than ten (10) days’ Notice to the holders of the relevant shares of the right of election accorded to them and shall send with such notice forms of election and specify the procedure to be followed and the place at which and the latest date and time by which duly completed forms of election must be lodged in order to be effective;

 

(iii) the right of election may be exercised in respect of the whole or part of that portion of the dividend in respect of which the right of election has been accorded; and

 

(iv) the dividend (or that part of the dividend in respect of which a right of election has been accorded) shall not be payable in cash on shares in respect whereof the share election has been duly exercised (“the elected shares”) and in lieu thereof shares of the relevant class shall be allotted credited as fully paid up to the holders of the elected shares on the basis of allotment determined as aforesaid and for such purpose the Board shall capitalise and apply out of any part of the undivided profits of the Company (including profits carried and standing to the credit of any reserves or other special account, share premium account, capital redemption reserve other than the Subscription Rights Reserve (as defined below)) as the Board may determine, such sum as may be required to pay up in full the appropriate number of shares of the relevant class for allotment and distribution to and amongst the holders of the elected shares on such basis.

 

(2) (a) The shares allotted pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article shall rank pari passu in all respects with shares of the same class (if any) then in issue save only as regards participation in the relevant dividend or in any other distributions, bonuses or rights paid, made, declared or announced prior to or contemporaneously with the payment or declaration of the relevant dividend unless, contemporaneously with the announcement by the Board of their proposal to apply the provisions of sub-paragraph (a) or (b) of paragraph (1) of this Article in relation to the relevant dividend or contemporaneously with their announcement of the distribution, bonus or rights in question, the Board shall specify that the shares to be allotted pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article shall rank for participation in such distribution, bonus or rights.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

- 46 -


 

(b) The Board may do all acts and things considered necessary or expedient to give effect to any capitalisation pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article, with full power to the Board to make such provisions as it thinks fit in the case of shares becoming distributable in fractions (including provisions whereby, in whole or in part, fractional entitlements are aggregated and sold and the net proceeds distributed to those entitled, or are disregarded or rounded up or down or whereby the benefit of fractional entitlements accrues to the Company rather than to the Members concerned). The Board may authorise any person to enter into on behalf of all Members interested, an agreement with the Company providing for such capitalisation and matters incidental thereto and any agreement made pursuant to such authority shall be effective and binding on all concerned.

 

(3) The Board may by ordinary resolution resolve in respect of any one particular dividend of the Company that notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article a dividend may be satisfied wholly in the form of an allotment of shares credited as fully paid up without offering any right to shareholders to elect to receive such dividend in cash in lieu of such allotment.

 

(4) The Board may on any occasion determine that rights of election and the allotment of shares under paragraph (1) of this Article shall not be made available or made to any shareholders with registered addresses in any territory where, in the absence of a registration statement or other special formalities, the circulation of an offer of such rights of election or the allotment of shares would or might, in the opinion of the Board, be unlawful or impracticable, and in such event the provisions aforesaid shall be read and construed subject to such determination. Members affected as a result of the foregoing sentence shall not be or be deemed to be a separate class of Members for any purpose whatsoever.

 

(5) Any resolution of the Board declaring a dividend on shares of any class may specify that the same shall be payable or distributable to the persons registered as the holders of such shares at the close of business on a particular date, notwithstanding that it may be a date prior to that on which the resolution is passed, and thereupon the dividend shall be payable or distributable to them in accordance with their respective holdings so registered, but without prejudice to the rights inter se in respect of such dividend of transferors and transferees of any such shares. The provisions of this Article shall mutatis mutandis apply to bonuses, capitalisation issues, distributions of realised capital profits or offers or grants made by the Company to the Members.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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RESERVES

 

144. (1) The Board shall establish an account to be called the share premium account and shall carry to the credit of such account from time to time a sum equal to the amount or value of the premium paid on the issue of any share in the Company. Unless otherwise provided by the provisions of these Articles, the Board may apply the share premium account in any manner permitted by the Act. The Company shall at all times comply with the provisions of the Act in relation to the share premium account.

 

(2) Before recommending any dividend, the Board may set aside out of the profits of the Company such sums as it determines as reserves which shall, at the discretion of the Board, be applicable for any purpose to which the profits of the Company may be properly applied and pending such application may, also at such discretion, either be employed in the business of the Company or be invested in such investments as the Board may from time to time think fit and so that it shall not be necessary to keep any investments constituting the reserve or reserves separate or distinct from any other investments of the Company. The Board may also without placing the same to reserve carry forward any profits which it may think prudent not to distribute.

 

CAPITALISATION

 

145. The Board may, at any time and from time to time, pass a resolution to the effect that it is desirable to capitalise all or any part of any amount for the time being standing to the credit of any reserve or fund (including a share premium account and capital redemption reserve and the profit and loss account) whether or not the same is available for distribution and accordingly that such amount be set free for distribution among the Members or any class of Members who would be entitled thereto if it were distributed by way of dividend and in the same proportions, on the footing that the same is not paid in cash but is applied either in or towards paying up the amounts for the time being unpaid on any shares in the Company held by such Members respectively or in paying up in full unissued shares, debentures or other obligations of the Company, to be allotted and distributed credited as fully paid up among such Members, or partly in one way and partly in the other, and the Board shall give effect to such resolution provided that, for the purposes of this Article, a share premium account and any capital redemption reserve or fund representing unrealised profits, may be applied only in paying up in full unissued shares of the Company to be allotted to such Members credited as fully paid.

 

146. The Board may settle, as it considers appropriate, any difficulty arising in regard to any distribution under the last preceding Article and in particular may issue certificates in respect of fractions of shares or authorise any person to sell and transfer any fractions or may resolve that the distribution should be as nearly as may be practicable in the correct proportion but not exactly so or may ignore fractions altogether, and may determine that cash payments shall be made to any Members in order to adjust the rights of all parties, as may seem expedient to the Board. The Board may appoint any person to sign on behalf of the persons entitled to participate in the distribution any contract necessary or desirable for giving effect thereto and such appointment shall be effective and binding upon the Members.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS RESERVE

 

147. The following provisions shall have effect to the extent that they are not prohibited by and are in compliance with the Act:

 

(1) If, so long as any of the rights attached to any warrants issued by the Company to subscribe for shares of the Company shall remain exercisable, the Company does any act or engages in any transaction which, as a result of any adjustments to the subscription price in accordance with the provisions of the conditions of the warrants, would reduce the subscription price to below the par value of a share, then the following provisions shall apply:

 

(a) as from the date of such act or transaction the Company shall establish and thereafter (subject as provided in this Article) maintain in accordance with the provisions of this Article a reserve (the “Subscription Rights Reserve”) the amount of which shall at no time be less than the sum which for the time being would be required to be capitalised and applied in paying up in full the nominal amount of the additional shares required to be issued and allotted credited as fully paid pursuant to sub-paragraph (c) below on the exercise in full of all the subscription rights outstanding and shall apply the Subscription Rights Reserve in paying up such additional shares in full as and when the same are allotted;

 

(b) the Subscription Rights Reserve shall not be used for any purpose other than that specified above unless all other reserves of the Company (other than share premium account) have been extinguished and will then only be used to make good losses of the Company if and so far as is required by law;

 

(c) upon the exercise of all or any of the subscription rights represented by any warrant, the relevant subscription rights shall be exercisable in respect of a nominal amount of shares equal to the amount in cash which the holder of such warrant is required to pay on exercise of the subscription rights represented thereby (or, as the case may be the relevant portion thereof in the event of a partial exercise of the subscription rights) and, in addition, there shall be allotted in respect of such subscription rights to the exercising warrantholder, credited as fully paid, such additional nominal amount of shares as is equal to the difference between:

 

(i) the said amount in cash which the holder of such warrant is required to pay on exercise of the subscription rights represented thereby (or, as the case may be, the relevant portion thereof in the event of a partial exercise of the subscription rights); and

 

(ii) the nominal amount of shares in respect of which such subscription rights would have been exercisable having regard to the provisions of the conditions of the warrants, had it been possible for such subscription rights to represent the right to subscribe for shares at less than par and immediately upon such exercise so much of the sum standing to the credit of the Subscription Rights Reserve as is required to pay up in full such additional nominal amount of shares shall be capitalised and applied in paying up in full such additional nominal amount of shares which shall forthwith be allotted credited as fully paid to the exercising warrantholders; and

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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(d) if, upon the exercise of the subscription rights represented by any warrant, the amount standing to the credit of the Subscription Rights Reserve is not sufficient to pay up in full such additional nominal amount of shares equal to such difference as aforesaid to which the exercising warrantholder is entitled, the Board shall apply any profits or reserves then or thereafter becoming available (including, to the extent permitted by law, share premium account) for such purpose until such additional nominal amount of shares is paid up and allotted as aforesaid and until then no dividend or other distribution shall be paid or made on the fully paid shares of the Company then in issue. Pending such payment and allotment, the exercising warrantholder shall be issued by the Company with a certificate evidencing his right to the allotment of such additional nominal amount of shares. The rights represented by any such certificate shall be in registered form and shall be transferable in whole or in part in units of one share in the like manner as the shares for the time being are transferable, and the Company shall make such arrangements in relation to the maintenance of a register therefor and other matters in relation thereto as the Board may think fit and adequate particulars thereof shall be made known to each relevant exercising warrantholder upon the issue of such certificate.

 

(2) Shares allotted pursuant to the provisions of this Article shall rank pari passu in all respects with the other shares allotted on the relevant exercise of the subscription rights represented by the warrant concerned. Notwithstanding anything contained in paragraph (1) of this Article, no fraction of any share shall be allotted on exercise of the subscription rights.

 

(3) The provision of this Article as to the establishment and maintenance of the Subscription Rights Reserve shall not be altered or added to in any way which would vary or abrogate, or which would have the effect of varying or abrogating the provisions for the benefit of any warrantholder or class of warrantholders under this Article without the sanction of a special resolution of such warrantholders or class of warrantholders.

 

(4) A certificate or report by the auditors for the time being of the Company as to whether or not the Subscription Rights Reserve is required to be established and maintained and if so the amount thereof so required to be established and maintained, as to the purposes for which the Subscription Rights Reserve has been used, as to the extent to which it has been used to make good losses of the Company, as to the additional nominal amount of shares required to be allotted to exercising warrantholders credited as fully paid, and as to any other matter concerning the Subscription Rights Reserve shall (in the absence of manifest error) be conclusive and binding upon the Company and all warrantholders and shareholders.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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ACCOUNTING RECORDS

 

148. The Board shall cause true accounts to be kept of the sums of money received and expended by the Company, and the matters in respect of which such receipt and expenditure take place, and of the property, assets, credits and liabilities of the Company and of all other matters required by the Act or necessary to give a true and fair view of the Company’s affairs and to explain its transactions.

 

149. The accounting records shall be kept at the Office or, at such other place or places as the Board decides and shall always be open to inspection by the Directors. No Member (other than a Director) shall have any right of inspecting any accounting record or book or document of the Company except as conferred by law or authorised by the Board or the Members in general meeting.

 

150. (1) Subject to Article 151, a printed copy of the Directors’ report, accompanied by the balance sheet and profit and loss account, including every document required by law to be annexed thereto, made up to the end of the applicable financial year and containing a summary of the assets and liabilities of the Company under convenient heads and a statement of income and expenditure, together with a copy of the Auditors’ report, shall be sent to each person entitled thereto, provided that this Article shall not require a copy of those documents to be sent to any person whose address the Company is not aware or to more than one of the joint holders of any shares or debentures.

 

(2) Where the Company holds an annual general meeting in accordance with Article 56, the documents referred to in Article 150(1) shall be sent to each person entitled thereto at least ten (10) days before the date of such annual general meeting, and shall be laid before the Company at such annual general meeting.

 

151. Subject to due compliance with all applicable Statutes, rules and regulations, including, without limitation, the rules of the Designated Stock Exchange, and to obtaining all necessary consents, if any, required thereunder, the requirements of Article 150 shall be deemed satisfied in relation to any person by sending to the person in any manner not prohibited by the Statutes, a summary financial statement derived from the Company’s annual accounts and the directors’ report which shall be in the form and containing the information required by applicable laws and regulations, provided that any person who is otherwise entitled to the annual financial statements of the Company and the directors’ report thereon may, if he so requires by notice in writing served on the Company, demand that the Company sends to him, in addition to a summary financial statement, a complete printed copy of the Company’s annual financial statement and the directors’ report thereon.

 

152. The requirement to send to a person referred to in Article 150 the documents referred to in that article or a summary financial report in accordance with Article 151 shall be deemed satisfied where, in accordance with all applicable Statutes, rules and regulations, including, without limitation, the rules of the Designated Stock Exchange, the Company publishes copies of the documents referred to in Article 150 and, if applicable, a summary financial report complying with Article 151, on the Company’s computer network or in any other permitted manner (including by sending any form of electronic communication), and that person has agreed or is deemed to have agreed to treat the publication or receipt of such documents in such manner as discharging the Company’s obligation to send to him a copy of such documents.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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AUDIT

 

153. Subject to applicable law and rules of the Designated Stock Exchange:

 

(1) The Audit Committee or, in the absence of such an Audit Committee, the Board may appoint an auditor to audit the accounts of the Company and such auditor shall hold office until removed from office by the Audit Committee or, in the absence of such an Audit Committee, the Board. Such auditor may be a Member but no Director or officer or employee of the Company shall, during his continuance in office, be eligible to act as an auditor of the Company.

 

(2) The Audit Committee or, in the absence of such an Audit Committee, the Board may remove the Auditor at any time before the expiration of his term of office and may by resolution appoint another Auditor in his stead.

 

154. Subject to the Act the accounts of the Company shall be audited at least once in every year.

 

155. The remuneration of the Auditor shall be determined by the Audit Committee or, in the absence of such an Audit Committee, by the Board.

 

156. If the office of auditor becomes vacant by the resignation or death of the Auditor, or by his becoming incapable of acting by reason of illness or other disability at a time when his services are required, the Directors shall fill the vacancy and determine the remuneration of such Auditor.

 

157. The Auditor shall at all reasonable times have access to all books kept by the Company and to all accounts and vouchers relating thereto; and he may call on the Directors or officers of the Company for any information in their possession relating to the books or affairs of the Company.

 

158. The statement of income and expenditure and the balance sheet provided for by these Articles shall be examined by the Auditor and compared by him with the books, accounts and vouchers relating thereto; and he shall make a written report thereon stating whether such statement and balance sheet are drawn up so as to present fairly the financial position of the Company and the results of its operations for the period under review and, in case information shall have been called for from Directors or officers of the Company, whether the same has been furnished and has been satisfactory. The financial statements of the Company shall be audited by the Auditor in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. The Auditor shall make a written report thereon in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards and the report of the Auditor shall be submitted to the Members in general meeting. The generally accepted auditing standards referred to herein may be those of a country or jurisdiction other than the Cayman Islands. If so, the financial statements and the report of the Auditor should disclose this fact and name such country or jurisdiction.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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NOTICES

 

159. (1) Any Notice or document, whether or not, to be given or issued under these Articles from the Company shall be in writing or by cable, telex or facsimile transmission message or other form of electronic transmission or electronic communication and any such Notice and document may be given or issued by the following means:-

 

(a) by serving it personally on the relevant person;

 

(b) by sending it through the post in a prepaid envelope addressed to such Member at his registered address as appearing in the Register or at any other address supplied by him to the Company for the purpose;

 

(c) by delivering or leaving it at such address as aforesaid;

 

(d) by placing an advertisement in appropriate newspapers or other publication and where applicable, in accordance with the requirements of the Designated Stock Exchange;

 

(e) by sending or transmitting it as an electronic communication to the relevant person at such electronic address as he may provide under Article 159(5), subject to the Company complying with the Statutes and any other applicable laws, rules and regulations from time to time in force with regard to any requirements for the obtaining of consent (or deemed consent) from such person;

 

(f) by publishing it on the Company’s website to which the relevant person may have access, subject to the Company complying with the Statutes and any other applicable laws, rules and regulations from time to time in force with regard to any requirements for the obtaining of consent (or deemed consent) from such person and/or for giving notification to any such person stating that the notice, document or publication is available on the Company’s computer network website (a “notice of availability”); or

 

(g) by sending or otherwise making it available to such person through such other means to the extent permitted by and in accordance with the Statutes and other applicable laws, rules and regulations.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

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(2) The notice of availability may be given by any of the means set out above other than by posting it on a website.

 

(3) In the case of joint holders of a share all notices shall be given to that one of the joint holders whose name stands first in the Register and Notice so given shall be deemed a sufficient service on or delivery to all the joint holders.

 

(4) Every person who, by operation of law, transfer, transmission, or other means whatsoever, shall become entitled to any share, shall be bound by every notice in respect of such share, which, previously to his name and address (including electronic address) being entered in the Register as the registered holder of such share, shall have been duly given to the person from whom he derives title to such share.

 

(5) Every Member or a person who is entitled to receive notice from the Company under the provisions of the Statutes or these Articles may register with the Company an electronic address to which notices can be served upon him.

 

(6) Subject to any applicable laws, rules and regulations and the terms of these Articles, any notice, document or publication, including but not limited to the documents referred to in Articles 150, 151 and 159 may be given in the English language only or such other language as may be approved by the Directors.

 

160. Any Notice or other document:

 

(a) if served or delivered by post, shall where appropriate be sent by airmail and shall be deemed to have been served or delivered on the day following that on which the envelope containing the same, properly prepaid and addressed, is put into the post; in proving such service or delivery it shall be sufficient to prove that the envelope or wrapper containing the notice or document was properly addressed and put into the post and a certificate in writing signed by the Secretary or other officer of the Company or other person appointed by the Board that the envelope or wrapper containing the Notice or other document was so addressed and put into the post shall be conclusive evidence thereof;

 

(b) if sent by electronic communication, shall be deemed to be given on the day on which it is transmitted from the server of the Company or its agent. A Notice placed on the Company’s website or the website of the Designated Stock Exchange, is deemed given by the Company to a Member on the day following that on which a notice of availability is deemed served on the Member;

 

(c) if published on the Company’s website, shall be deemed to have been served on the day on which the notice, document or publication first so appears on the Company’s website to which the relevant person may have access or the day on which the notice of availability is deemed to have been served or delivered to such person under these Articles, whichever is later;

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

- 54 -


 

(d) if served or delivered in any other manner contemplated by these Articles, shall be deemed to have been served or delivered at the time of personal service or delivery or, as the case may be, at the time of the relevant despatch or transmission; and in proving such service or delivery a certificate in writing signed by the Secretary or other officer of the Company or other person appointed by the Board as to the act and time of such service, delivery, despatch or transmission shall be conclusive evidence thereof; and

 

(e) if published as an advertisement in a newspaper or other publication permitted under these Articles, shall be deemed to have been served on the day on which the advertisement first so appears.

 

161. (1) Any Notice or other document delivered or sent by post to or left at the registered address of any Member in pursuance of these Articles shall, notwithstanding that such Member is then dead or bankrupt or that any other event has occurred, and whether or not the Company has notice of the death or bankruptcy or other event, be deemed to have been duly served or delivered in respect of any share registered in the name of such Member as sole or joint holder unless his name shall, at the time of the service or delivery of the Notice or document, have been removed from the Register as the holder of the share, and such service or delivery shall for all purposes be deemed a sufficient service or delivery of such Notice or document on all persons interested (whether jointly with or as claiming through or under him) in the share.

 

(2) A Notice may be given by the Company to the person entitled to a share in consequence of the death, mental disorder or bankruptcy of a Member by sending it through the post in a prepaid letter, envelope or wrapper addressed to him by name, or by the title of representative of the deceased, or trustee of the bankrupt, or by any like description, at the address, if any, supplied for the purpose by the person claiming to be so entitled, or (until such an address has been so supplied) by giving the notice in any manner in which the same might have been given if the death, mental disorder or bankruptcy had not occurred.

 

(3) Any person who by operation of law, transfer or other means whatsoever shall become entitled to any share shall be bound by every notice in respect of such share which prior to his name and address being entered on the Register shall have been duly given to the person from whom he derives his title to such share.

 

SIGNATURES

 

162. For the purposes of these Articles, a facsimile or electronic transmission message purporting to come from a holder of shares or, as the case may be, a Director or alternate Director, or, in the case of a corporation which is a holder of shares from a director or the secretary thereof or a duly appointed attorney or duly authorised representative thereof for it and on its behalf, shall in the absence of express evidence to the contrary available to the person relying thereon at the relevant time be deemed to be a document or instrument in writing signed by such holder or Director or alternate Director in the terms in which it is received. The signature to any notice or document to be given by the Company may be written, printed or made electronically

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

- 55 -


 

WINDING UP

 

163. (1) The Board shall have power in the name and on behalf of the Company to present a petition to the court for the Company to be wound up.

 

(2) A resolution that the Company be wound up by the court or be wound up voluntarily shall be a special resolution.

 

164. (1) Subject to any special rights, privileges or restrictions as to the distribution of available surplus assets on liquidation for the time being attached to any class or classes of shares (i) if the Company shall be wound up and the assets available for distribution amongst the Members of the Company shall be more than sufficient to repay the whole of the capital paid up at the commencement of the winding up, the excess shall be distributed pari passu amongst such Members in proportion to the amount paid up on the shares held by them respectively and (ii) if the Company shall be wound up and the assets available for distribution amongst the Members as such shall be insufficient to repay the whole of the paid- up capital such assets shall be distributed so that, as nearly as may be, the losses shall be borne by the Members in proportion to the capital paid up, or which ought to have been paid up, at the commencement of the winding up on the shares held by them respectively.

 

(2) If the Company shall be wound up (whether the liquidation is voluntary or by the court) the liquidator may, with the authority of a special resolution and any other sanction required by the Act, divide among the Members in specie or kind the whole or any part of the assets of the Company and whether or not the assets shall consist of properties of one kind or shall consist of properties to be divided as aforesaid of different kinds, and may for such purpose set such value as he deems fair upon any one or more class or classes of property and may determine how such division shall be carried out as between the Members or different classes of Members. The liquidator may, with the like authority, vest any part of the assets in trustees upon such trusts for the benefit of the Members as the liquidator with the like authority shall think fit, and the liquidation of the Company may be closed and the Company dissolved, but so that no contributory shall be compelled to accept any shares or other property in respect of which there is a liability.

 

INDEMNITY

 

165. (1) The Directors, Secretary and other officers and the liquidator or trustees (if any) for the time being acting in relation to any of the affairs of the Company and every one of them, and every one of their heirs, executors and administrators, shall be indemnified and secured harmless out of the assets and profits of the Company from and against all actions, costs, charges, losses, damages and expenses which they or any of them, their or any of their heirs, executors or administrators, shall or may incur or sustain by or by reason of any act done, concurred in or omitted in or about the execution of their duty, or supposed duty, in their respective offices or trusts; and none of them shall be answerable for the acts, receipts, neglects or defaults of the other or others of them or for joining in any receipts for the sake of conformity, or for any bankers or other persons with whom any moneys or effects belonging to the Company shall or may be lodged or deposited for safe custody, or for insufficiency or deficiency of any security upon which any moneys of or belonging to the Company shall be placed out on or invested, or for any other loss, misfortune or damage which may happen in the execution of their respective offices or trusts, or in relation thereto; PROVIDED THAT this indemnity shall not extend to any matter in respect of any fraud or dishonesty which may attach to any of said persons.

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  

 

- 56 -


 

(2) Each Member agrees to waive any claim or right of action he might have, whether individually or by or in the right of the Company, against any Director on account of any action taken by such Director, or the failure of such Director to take any action in the performance of his duties with or for the Company; PROVIDED THAT such waiver shall not extend to any matter in respect of any fraud or dishonesty which may attach to such Director.

 

AMENDMENT TO MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
AND NAME OF COMPANY

 

166. No Article shall be rescinded, altered or amended and no new Article shall be made until the same has been approved by a special resolution of the Members. A special resolution shall be required to alter the provisions of the Memorandum of Association or to change the name of the Company.

 

INFORMATION

 

167. No Member shall be entitled to require discovery of or any information respecting any detail of the Company’s trading or any matter which is or may be in the nature of a trade secret or secret process which may relate to the conduct of the business of the Company and which in the opinion of the Directors it will be inexpedient in the interests of the members of the Company to communicate to the public.

 

FINANCIAL YEAR

 

168. Unless otherwise determined by the Directors, the financial year end of the Company shall be 30 of June in each year.

 

 

 

 

 

   
    Filed: 03-Oct-2023 16:44 EST
    Auth Code: A77372914000
  www.verify.gov.ky File#: 342998  
     
  - 57 -  

 

 

EX-2.1 3 f20f2023ex2-1_ehomehouse.htm DESCRIPTION OF SHARES

Exhibit 2.1

 

DESCRIPTION OF SHARE CAPITAL

 

The Ordinary Shares of E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited. (the “Company” or “We”) are currently listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market and registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act.

 

We are a Cayman Islands company and our affairs are governed by our third amended and restated memorandum and articles of association and the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands, which we refer to as the Companies Act below.

 

Our authorized share capital consists of 500,000,000 ordinary shares of a par value of $0.2 per share, and 10,000,000 preferred shares, of a par value of $0.002 per share. As of November 3, 2023, 14,922,234 ordinary shares were issued and outstanding and no preference shares were issued and outstanding.

 

We have adopted the third amended and restated memorandum and articles of association. The following are summaries of material provisions of our third amended and restated memorandum and articles of association and the Companies Act insofar as they relate to the material terms of our ordinary shares.

 

Defined terms used herein and not defined herein shall have the meaning ascribed to such terms in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F.

 

Ordinary Shares

 

General

 

All of our outstanding ordinary shares are fully paid and non-assessable. Certificates representing the ordinary shares are issued in registered form. Our shareholders who are non-residents of the Cayman Islands may freely hold and vote their ordinary shares.

 

Dividends

 

The holders of our ordinary shares are entitled to such dividends as may be declared by our board of directors subject to the Companies Act and to the third amended and restated articles of association.

 

Voting Rights

 

On all matters upon which the ordinary shares are entitled to vote, at any general meeting on a show of hands every shareholder present in person, by corporate representative or by proxy, has one vote and on a poll, every shareholder so present has one vote for every fully paid share of which they are the holder. Voting at any meeting of shareholders is by poll unless the chairman of the meeting may in good faith, allow a resolution which relates purely to a procedural or administrative matter to be voted on by a show of hands.

 

An ordinary resolution to be passed by the shareholders requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of votes attached to the ordinary shares cast in a general meeting, while a special resolution requires the affirmative vote of no less than two-thirds of votes cast in a general meeting. A special resolution will be required for important matters such as a change of name or making changes to our memorandum and articles of association.

 

Transfer of Ordinary Shares

 

Subject to the restrictions contained in our third amended and restated articles of association, as applicable, any of our shareholders may transfer all or any of his or her ordinary shares by an instrument of transfer in the usual or common form or any other form approved by our board of directors. 

 

 


 

Our board of directors may, in its absolute discretion, decline to register any transfer of any ordinary share (not being a fully paid up share) to a person of whom it does not approve, or any share issued under any share incentive scheme for employees upon which a restriction on transfer imposed thereby still subsists, and it may also, without prejudice to the foregoing generality, refuse to register a transfer of any share to more than four joint holders or a transfer of any share (not being a fully paid up share) on which we have a lien. Our board of directors may also decline to register any transfer of any ordinary share unless:

 

the instrument of transfer is lodged with us, accompanied by the certificate for the ordinary shares to which it relates and such other evidence as our board of directors may reasonably require to show the right of the transferor to make the transfer;

 

the instrument of transfer is in respect of only one class of ordinary shares;

 

the instrument of transfer is properly stamped, if required; and

 

any fee related to the transfer has been paid to us.

 

If our directors refuse to register a transfer they shall, within three months after the date on which the instrument of transfer was lodged, send to each of the transferor and the transferee notice of such refusal.

 

Liquidation

 

On a return of capital on winding up or otherwise (other than on conversion, redemption or purchase of ordinary shares), assets available for distribution among the holders of ordinary shares shall be distributed among the holders of the ordinary shares on a pro rata basis. If our assets available for distribution are insufficient to repay all of the paid-up capital, the assets will be distributed so that the losses are borne by our shareholders proportionately.

 

Calls on Ordinary Shares and Forfeiture of Ordinary Shares

 

Our board of directors may from time to time make calls upon shareholders for any amounts unpaid on their ordinary shares. The ordinary shares that have been called upon and remain unpaid are subject to forfeiture.

 

Redemption of Ordinary Shares

 

Subject to the provisions of the Companies Act and other applicable law, we may issue shares on terms that are subject to redemption, at our option or at the option of the holders, on such terms and in such manner, including out of capital, as may be determined by the board of directors.

 

Variations of Rights of Shares

 

If at any time, our share capital is divided into different classes of shares, all or any of the special rights attached to any class of shares may, subject to the provisions of the Companies Act, be varied with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a general meeting of the holders of the shares of that class. Consequently, the rights of any class of shares cannot be detrimentally altered without a majority of two-thirds of the vote of all of the shares in that class. The rights conferred upon the holders of the shares of any class issued with preferred or other rights shall not, unless otherwise expressly provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class, be deemed to be varied by the creation or issue of further shares ranking pari passu with such existing class of shares.

 

General Meetings of Shareholders

 

Shareholders’ meetings may be convened by a majority of our board of directors or our chairman. Advance notice of at least ten (10) clear days is required for the convening of any general meeting of our shareholders. A quorum required for a meeting of shareholders consists of at least two shareholders present or by proxy, representing not less than one-third of the votes attached to the then issued share capital of the company.

 

2


 

Inspection of Books and Records

 

Holders of our ordinary shares will have no general right under Cayman Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list of shareholders or our corporate records. However, our third amended and restated articles of association provides our shareholders with the right to inspect our list of shareholders and to receive annual audited financial statements in accordance with the third amended and restated articles of association.  

 

Changes in Capital

 

We may from time to time by ordinary resolution:

 

increase the share capital by such sum, to be divided into shares of such classes and amount, as the resolution shall prescribe;

 

consolidate and divide all or any of our share capital into shares of a larger amount than our existing shares;

 

divide our shares into several classes and without prejudice to any special rights previously conferred on the holders of existing shares attach thereto respectively any preferential, deferred, qualified or special rights, privileges, conditions or such restrictions which in the absence of any such determination by us in general meeting, as the directors may determine;

 

sub-divide our existing shares, or any of them into shares of a smaller amount; or

 

cancel any shares which, at the date of the passing of the resolution, have not been taken or agreed to be taken by any person and diminish the amount of our share capital by the amount of the shares so cancelled.

 

We may by special resolution reduce our share capital or any capital redemption reserve in any manner permitted by law.

 

Exempted Company

 

We are an exempted company with limited liability under the Companies Act of the Cayman Islands. The Companies Act in the Cayman Islands distinguishes between ordinary resident companies and exempted companies. Any company that is registered in the Cayman Islands but conducts business mainly outside of the Cayman Islands may apply to be registered as an exempted company. The requirements for an exempted company are essentially the same as for an ordinary company except for the exemptions and privileges listed below:

 

an exempted company does not have to file an annual return of its shareholders with the Registrar of Companies;

 

an exempted company’s register of members is not open to inspection;

 

an exempted company does not have to hold an annual general meeting;

 

an exempted company may issue shares with no par value;

 

an exempted company may obtain an undertaking against the imposition of any future taxation (such undertakings are usually given for 20 years in the first instance);

 

an exempted company may register by way of continuation in another jurisdiction and be deregistered in the Cayman Islands;

 

an exempted company may register as a limited duration company;

 

  an exempted company may register as a segregated portfolio company; and.
     
  may apply to be registered as a special economic zone company.

 

3


 

“Limited liability” means that the liability of each shareholder is limited to the amount unpaid by the shareholder on the shares of the company. We are subject to reporting and other informational requirements of the Exchange Act, as applicable to foreign private issuers. As a foreign private issuer, we may from time to time elect to follow home country practice in lieu of the Nasdaq Marketplace Rules.

 

Cumulative Voting. As permitted under Cayman Islands law, our third amended and restated articles of association do not provide for cumulative voting.

 

Amendment of Governing Documents As permitted by Cayman Islands law, our third amended and restated memorandum and articles of association may only be amended by special resolution or the unanimous written resolution of all shareholders.

 

Rights of Non-Resident or Foreign Shareholders There are no limitations imposed by our third amended and restated memorandum and articles of association on the rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on our shares. In addition, there are no provisions in our third amended and restated memorandum and articles of association governing the ownership threshold above which shareholder ownership must be disclosed.

 

Preferred Shares

 

The Board is empowered to authorize by resolution or resolutions from time to time the issuance of one or more classes or series of preferred shares and to fix the designations, powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional and other rights, if any, and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, if any, including, without limitation, the number of shares constituting each such class or series, dividend rights, conversion rights, redemption privileges, voting powers, full or limited or no voting powers, and liquidation preferences, and to increase or decrease the size of any such class or series (but not below the number of shares of any class or series of preferred shares then outstanding) to the extent permitted by law. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the resolution or resolutions providing for the establishment of any class or series of preferred shares may, to the extent permitted by law, provide that such class or series shall be superior to, rank equally with or be junior to the preferred shares of any other class or series.

 

Warrants

 

On December 20, 2021, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with an institutional investor pursuant to which the Company issued an unsecured convertible promissory note with a two-year maturity to Investor. Joseph Stone Capital, LLC (“JSC”) acted as the exclusive placement agent in connection with the offering. The Company agreed to pay JSC a cash fee equal to 6.5% of the aggregate gross proceeds received by the Company in the offering as well as certain placement agent allowance and legal fees. In addition, the Company agreed to issue to JSC or its designee(s) warrants to purchase up to 157,934 ordinary shares of the Company. The warrants have a term of five years and are exercisable at a price of $2.00 per share (79 ordinary shares at a price of $4,000 per share retroactively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on October 4, 2022, April 13, 2023 and September 25, 2023).

 

On May 13, 2022, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with an institutional investor pursuant to which the Company issued an unsecured convertible promissory note with a two-year maturity to Investor. Joseph Stone Capital, LLC (“JSC”) acted as the exclusive placement agent in connection with the offering. The Company agreed to pay JSC a cash fee equal to 6.5% of the aggregate gross proceeds received by the Company in the offering as well as certain placement agent allowance and legal fees. In addition, the Company agreed to issue to JSC or its designee(s) warrants to purchase up to 386,585 ordinary shares of the Company. The warrants have a term of five years and are exercisable at a price of $0.49 per share (193 ordinary shares at a price of $980 per share retroactively adjusted for effect of reverse stock split on October 4, 2022, April 13, 2023 and September 25, 2023).

 

Listing

 

Our ordinary shares are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “EJH”.

 

Transfer Agent and Registrar

 

The transfer agent and registrar for our ordinary shares is VStock Transfer LLC. The transfer agent and registrar’s address is 18 Lafayette Pl, Woodmere, NY 11598.

 

 

4

 

 

EX-8.1 4 f20f2023ex8-1_ehomehouse.htm LIST OF THE REGISTRANT'S SUBSIDIARIES

Exhibit 8.1

 

LIST OF SUBSIDIARIES AS OF June 30 2023

 

Subsidiaries   Jurisdiction of
Organization
  Percentage of
Ownership
 
E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited   Hong Kong     100 %
E-Home Household Service Technology Co., Ltd.   PRC     100 %
Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Area E Home Service Co., Ltd.   PRC     100 %
Fuzhou Bangchang Technology Co. Ltd.   PRC     100 %
Fuzhou Yongheng Xin Electric Co., Ltd. (“YHX”)   PRC     100 %
Fujian Happiness Yijia Family Service Co., Ltd.   PRC     100 %
Danyang Fumao Health Development Co., Ltd   PRC     100 %
Zhongrun (Fujian) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.   PRC     75 %
Fujian Chuangying Business Science and Technology Co., Ltd.   PRC     100 %
Fujian Weizhixing Technology Co., Ltd.   PRC     90 %
Fuzhou Funeng EnterpriseManagement Consulting Co.. Ltd.   PRC     90 %

 

 

EX-12.1 5 f20f2023ex12-1_ehomehouse.htm CERTIFICATION

Exhibit 12.1

 

Certification by the Principal Executive Officer

Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 

I, Wenshan Xie, certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited (the “Company”);

 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4. The Company’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the Company and have:

 

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The Company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Company’s auditors and the audit committee of the Company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date: November 6, 2023

 

By:

/s/ Wenshan Xie  
Name:  Wenshan Xie  
Title: Chief Executive Officer  

EX-12.2 6 f20f2023ex12-2_ehomehouse.htm CERTIFICATION

Exhibit 12.2

 

Certification by the Principal Financial Officer

Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 

I, Chunsheng Zhu, certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited (the “Company”);

 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4. The Company’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the Company and have:

 

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The Company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Company’s auditors and the audit committee of the Company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date: November 6, 2023

 

By:

/s/ Chunsheng Zhu  
Name:  Chunsheng Zhu  
Title: Chief Financial Officer  

 

EX-13.1 7 f20f2023ex13-1_ehomehouse.htm CERTIFICATION

Exhibit 13.1

 

Certification by the Principal Executive Officer

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 

In connection with the Annual Report of E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited (the “Company”) on Form 20-F for the year ended June 30, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Wenshan Xie, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

 

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

 

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 

Date: November 6, 2023

 

By:

/s/ Wenshan Xie  
Name:  Wenshan Xie  
Title: Chief Executive Officer  

 

EX-13.2 8 f20f2023ex13-2_ehomehouse.htm CERTIFICATION

Exhibit 13.2

 

Certification by the Principal Financial Officer

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 

In connection with the Annual Report of E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited (the “Company”) on Form 20-F for the year ended June 30, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Chunsheng Zhu, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

 

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

 

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 

Date: November 6, 2023

 

By:

/s/ Chunsheng Zhu  
Name:  Chunsheng Zhu  
Title: Chief Financial Officer  

 

EX-15.1 9 f20f2023ex15-1_ehomehouse.htm CONSENT OF TIAN YUAN LAW FIRM

Exhibit 15.1

 

E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited

 

E-Home, 18/F, East Tower, Building B, Dongbai Center,

Yangqiao Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou City 350001,

People’s Republic of China

 

November 6, 2023

 

Dear Sirs,

 

We consent to the references to our firm under “Item 3. Key Information— Permissions Required from the PRC Authorities for Our Operations”, “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors”, “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Regulations” and Item 4.C – Organizational Structure”,” in E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended June 30, 2023 (the “Annual Report”), which is filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on the date hereof. We also consent to the filing with the SEC of this consent letter as an exhibit to the Annual Report.

 

In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we come within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act of 1933, or under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, in each case, as amended, or the regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

Sincerely,

 

Tian Yuan Law Firm

 

/s/ Tian Yuan Law Firm

 

 

EX-15.2 10 f20f2023ex15-2_ehomehouse.htm CONSENT OF TPS THAYER, LLC

Exhibit 15.2

 

 

E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited

 

E-Home, 18/F, East Tower, Building B

Dongbai Center, Yangqiao Road

Gulou District, Fuzhou, Fujian

People’s Republic of China

 

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

We consent to the reference to our report dated November 4, 2022, except for Note 19 and 24, was to which the date is April 5, 2023, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited for the years ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 which appears in E-Home Household Service Holdings form 20-F filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

 

Sugar Land, Texas

 

November 6, 2023

 

 

 

EX-15.3 11 f20f2023ex15-3_ehomehouse.htm CONSENT OF ENROME LLP

Exhibit 15.3

 

 

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (No. 333-273374), Form S-8 (No. 333-265214), and Form F-3 (No. 333-259464) of E-Home Household Service Holdings Limited (the “Company”) of our report dated on November 6, 2023, relating to the financial statements, which appears in this annual report on Form 20-F of the Company for the year ended June 30, 2023.

 

/s/ Enrome LLP

 

Enrome LLP

 

Singapore

November 6, 2023