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THE BANK OF NOVA SCOTIA

Date: December 2, 2025

/s/ Gerhardt Samwell

Gerhardt Samwell

Senior Vice-President & Chief Accountant

6-K 1 d13990d6k.htm 6-K 6-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

Form 6-K

Report of Foreign Private Issuer

Pursuant to Rule 13a-16 or 15d-16 of

the Securities Exchange Act of 1934


For the month of: December, 2025		Commission File Number: 002-09048

THE BANK OF NOVA SCOTIA

(Name of registrant)

40 Temperance Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5H 0B4

(Tel.: (416) 866-3672)

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F:

Form 20-F ☐ Form 40-F ☒

This report on Form 6-K shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference in The Bank of Nova Scotia’s registration statements on Form S-8 (File No. 333-199099) and Form F-3 (File No. 333-282565) and to be a part thereof from the date on which this report is filed, to the extent not superseded by documents or reports subsequently filed or furnished.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

EXHIBIT INDEX


Exhibit		Description of Exhibit

99.1		Consolidated Capitalization and Consolidated Earnings Ratios

99.2		Statement Regarding the Computation of Consolidated Ratio of Earnings

EX-99.1 2 d13990dex991.htm EX-99.1 EX-99.1

Exhibit 99.1

CONSOLIDATED CAPITALIZATION OF THE BANK

The following table sets forth the consolidated capitalization of The Bank of Nova Scotia (the “Bank”) as at October 31, 2025:


	As at October 31, 2025
	(in millions of Canadian dollars)
Subordinated Debentures		7,692
Equity
Common Equity
Common Shares		22,067
Retained Earnings		58,916
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		(3,826	)
Other Reserves		(230	)

Total Common Equity		76,927
Preferred Shares and Other Equity Instruments		9,939

Total Equity Attributable to Equity Holders of the Bank		86,866
Non-controlling Interests
Non-controlling Interests in Subsidiaries		1,721

Total Equity		88,587

Total Capitalization		96,279

CONSOLIDATED EARNINGS RATIOS

The following table provides the Bank’s consolidated ratios of earnings to fixed charges, based upon financial information calculated in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) for each of the years in the five year period ended October 31, 2025.


	October 31,
	2025	2024		2023		2022		2021

Consolidated Ratios of Earnings to Fixed Charges
Excluding interest on deposits	4.73		4.32		4.27		5.78		9.00
Including interest on deposits	1.27		1.23		1.25		1.82		2.56
Consolidated Ratios of Earnings to Combined Fixed Charges and Preferred Dividends
Excluding interest on deposits	3.76		3.59		3.60		5.14		7.55
Including interest on deposits	1.25		1.21		1.23		1.78		2.46

For purposes of computing these ratios:

•

earnings represent income from continuing operations plus income taxes and fixed charges (excluding capitalized interest and net income from investments in associated corporations);

•

fixed charges, excluding interest on deposits, represent interest (including capitalized interest), and amortization of debt issuance costs;

•

fixed charges, including interest on deposits, represent all interest; and

•

preferred dividends include dividends from preferred shares and other equity instruments.

•

On November 1, 2023, the Bank adopted IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts, which replaces IFRS 4, the previous accounting standard for insurance contracts. The Bank adopted IFRS 17 on a retrospective basis, restating the results from the transition date of November 1, 2022. Accordingly, results for fiscal 2023 have been restated to reflect the IFRS 17 basis of accounting for insurance contracts. Results for periods prior to November 1, 2022 continue to be presented under the IFRS 4 basis of accounting and have not been restated.

EX-99.2 3 d13990dex992.htm EX-99.2 EX-99.2

Exhibit 99.2

Computation of Consolidated Ratio of Earnings


($ in million)	October 31
	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021


Excluding interest on deposits

Earnings
Income from continuing operations before income taxes		10,509		9,924		9,671		12,932		12,826
less: gain from investees		608		198		153		268		339

		9,901		9,726		9,518		12,664		12,487

Fixed charges		2,655		2,927		2,912		2,649		1,560

Earnings		12,556		12,653		12,430		15,313		14,047


Fixed charges
Interest expense		2,655		2,927		2,912		2,649		1,560

Fixed charges		2,655		2,927		2,912		2,649		1,560

Preference security dividend requirements(1)		685		594		544		330		300

Fixed charges and preferred dividends		3,340		3,521		3,456		2,979		1,860


Ratio of earnings to fixed charges		4.73		4.32		4.27		5.78		9.00

Ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred dividends		3.76		3.59		3.60		5.14		7.55

Including interest on deposits
Earnings
Income from continuing operations before income taxes		10,509		9,924		9,671		12,932		12,826
less: gain from investees		608		198		153		268		339

		9,901		9,726		9,518		12,664		12,487

Fixed charges		36,080		42,407		38,562		15,443		8,025

Earnings		45,981		52,133		48,080		28,107		20,512


Fixed charges
Interest expense		36,080		42,407		38,562		15,443		8,025

Fixed charges		36,080		42,407		38,562		15,443		8,025

Preference security dividend requirements(1)		685		594		544		330		300

Fixed charges and preferred dividends		36,765		43,001		39,106		15,773		8,325


Ratio of earnings to fixed charges		1.27		1.23		1.25		1.82		2.56

Ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred dividends		1.25		1.21		1.23		1.78		2.46


Note (1)		Preference security dividend requirements include the amount of pre-tax earnings that is required to pay the dividends on outstanding preferred shares and other equity instruments.