1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

Neogen Corporation and subsidiaries ("Neogen," "we," "our" or the "Company") develop, manufacture and market a diverse line of products and services dedicated to food and animal safety. Our Food Safety segment consists primarily of diagnostic test kits and complementary products (e.g., culture media) sold to food producers and processors to detect dangerous and/or unintended substances in human food and animal feed, such as foodborne pathogens, spoilage organisms, natural toxins, food allergens, genetic modifications, ruminant by-products, meat speciation, drug residues, pesticide residues and general sanitation concerns. The majority of the test kits are disposable, single-use, immunoassay and DNA detection products that rely on proprietary antibodies and RNA and DNA testing methodologies to produce rapid and accurate test results. Our expanding line of food safety products also includes genomics-based diagnostic technology, and advanced software systems that help testers objectively analyze and store, as well as perform analysis on, their results from multiple locations over extended periods.

Neogen’s Animal Safety segment is engaged in the development, manufacture, marketing and distribution of veterinary instruments, pharmaceuticals, vaccines, topicals, parasiticides, diagnostic products, biosecurity products and genomics testing services for the worldwide animal safety market. The majority of these consumable products are marketed through veterinarians, retailers, livestock producers and animal health product distributors. Our line of drug detection products is sold worldwide for the detection of abused and therapeutic drugs in animals and animal products, and has expanded into the workplace and human forensic markets.

2. REVENUE RECOGNITION

3. DIVESTITURE

In April 2025, we announced that we had entered into a definitive agreement to sell our Cleaners and Disinfectants ("C&D") business to Kersia Group ("Kersia"). The planned divestiture did not meet the criteria for classification as a discontinued operation under ASC 205-20, as the sale does not represent a strategic shift that has or will have a major effect on our operations or financial results.

On July 17, 2025, we completed the sale of the C&D business to Kersia. We received total consideration of $121,724 in cash at closing, net of cash divested, plus additional contingent consideration of up to $3,500 (the “Earnout Payment”) based on revenue performance of the divested business during the 12-month period following the closing date. The Earnout Payment is subject to reduction if certain revenue thresholds, as defined in the purchase agreement, are not achieved. During the three months ended August 31, 2025, we recognized a gain on the sale of the business of $76,390, which is included in “Gain on sale of business” within the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

In addition, at closing, we also entered into transition service and transition distribution agreements with Kersia, which require us to provide services to Kersia during the transition period. Related to the transition distribution agreements, for performance obligations for which we act as an agent, we record revenue as the net amount of our gross billings less amounts remitted to Kersia. For performance obligations for which we act as principal, we record the gross amount billed to the customer as revenue. We recorded a liability representing the fair value of the services we expect to provide of $1,691 within other current liabilities related to these agreements, which will be expensed to Other, net over a 12-month period following the closing date.

4. NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE

Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed using the treasury stock method by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding.

For the three months ended August 31, 2025, 661,000 shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per share, because the inclusion of such securities in the calculation would have been anti-dilutive. Due to the loss reported for the three months ended August 31, 2024, the stock options and RSUs were anti-dilutive.

5. SEGMENT INFORMATION AND GEOGRAPHIC DATA

The Company has two reportable segments: Food Safety and Animal Safety. The results of each segment are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker ("CODM") to assess the performance of the segments and make decisions regarding the allocation of resources to the segments. Our CODM is our Chief Executive Officer. The performance measure that the CODM uses is operating income. Refer to the consolidated statements of operations for the reconciliation of consolidated operating income (loss), which is the total of Company’s segment measure of profit or loss, to consolidated income before income taxes.

6. RESTRUCTURING

We regularly evaluate our business to ensure that we are properly configured and sized based on changing market conditions. Accordingly, we have implemented certain restructuring initiatives, including consolidation of certain facilities throughout the world and rationalization of our operations.

Our restructuring charges consist of severance payments, costs for outplacement services, and post-employment benefits (collectively, “employee separation costs”), other related exit costs and asset impairment charges related to restructuring activities. These amounts are partially recorded within cost of service revenues and partially recorded within general and administrative expense on the consolidated statements of operations. Amounts recorded during the three months ended August 31, 2025 relate primarily to completion of actions initiated in the prior fiscal year.

7. LONG-TERM DEBT

During the three months ended August 31, 2025, we used the net proceeds from the Cleaners & Disinfectants divestiture to repay a portion of our outstanding debt. We repaid $51,500 of principal on the Revolving Facility, made $45,000 of prepayments on the Term Loan, and repurchased $3,500 million of Senior Notes on the open market. The Term Loan prepayments resulted in an extinguishment loss of $393 related to unamortized debt issuance costs, while the Senior Notes repurchase resulted in an extinguishment loss of $41 related to unamortized debt issuance costs.

8. INCOME TAXES

Income tax expense was $7,470 during the three months ended August 31, 2025. Income tax benefit was $3,000 during the three months ended August 31, 2024. The net tax expense for the three months ended August 31, 2025 is primarily related to pre-tax income due to gains on the sale of our Cleaners and Disinfectants business. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (“OECD”) Pillar Two global minimum tax rules, which generally provide for a minimum effective tax rate of 15%, are intended to apply for tax years beginning in 2024. We continue to closely monitor developments and evaluate the impact these new rules will have on our tax rate, including eligibility to qualify for certain safe harbors. Where no safe harbor is met, we have included in our income tax for the three months ended August 31, 2025, a forecasted amount of “top-up” tax for our foreign subsidiaries as required under the applicable rules of the countries that have adopted the Pillar Two directives. For the three months ended August 31, 2025, no foreign subsidiary is forecasted to incur a material top-up tax under Pillar Two.

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) was enacted into law in the United States. OBBBA includes significant provisions, including the permanent extension of certain expiring provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, modifications to the international tax framework and the restoration of favorable tax treatment for depreciation and interest expenses. The legislation has multiple effective dates, with certain provisions effective in 2025 and others implemented through 2027. There was not a significant impact to our income tax expense or effective tax rate for the three months ended August 31, 2025.

The total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate as of August 31, 2025 and May 31, 2025 were $4,732 and $3,849, respectively. Increases in unrecognized tax benefits are primarily associated with the acquired 3M FSD, including positions for transfer pricing and research and development credits.

9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

We are involved in environmental remediation and monitoring activities at our Randolph, Wisconsin manufacturing facility and we accrue for related costs, when such costs are determined to be probable and estimable. We currently utilize a pump and treat remediation strategy, which includes semi-annual monitoring and reporting, consulting, and maintenance of monitoring wells. These annual remediation costs are expensed as incurred and have ranged from approximately $40 to $130 per year over the past five years. We estimated that the remaining liability for these costs are $916 as of both August 31, 2025 and May 31, 2025, measured on an undiscounted basis over an estimated period of 15 years. In fiscal 2019, we performed an updated Corrective Measures Study on the site, per a request from the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources ("WDNR"), and are currently working with the WDNR regarding potential alternative remediation strategies going forward. We believe that the current pump and treat strategy is appropriate for the site. In fiscal 2022, in collaboration with the WDNR, we initiated an in-situ chemical remediation pilot study, which ran over a two-year period. The results of this study were submitted to the WDNR as part of our standard annual report. If the WDNR were to require a change from the current pump and treat remediation strategy, this change could result in an increase in future costs and, ultimately, an increase in the currently recorded liability, with an offsetting charge to operations in the period recorded. We recorded $100 as a current liability as of August 31, 2025, and the remaining $816 is recorded in other non-current liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Shareholder Litigation

On July 18, 2025, Operating Engineers Construction Industry and Miscellaneous Pension Fund filed a putative class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan against the Company, John Adent, and David Naemura. The complaint asserts claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 based on allegedly false and misleading public statements and omissions by defendants during the period January 5, 2023 through June 3, 2025 relating to the integration of the 3M business into Neogen. The complaint seeks, among other things, unspecified monetary damages, reasonable costs and expenses and/or other relief as deemed appropriate by the Court. Defendants have not yet responded to the complaint.

On August 27, 2025, the Company, John Adent, Steven J. Quinlan, James C. Borel, William T. Boehm, Ronald D. Green, Ralph A. Rodriguez, James P. Tobin, Darci L. Vetter, and Catherine E. Woteki were named in a putative class action filed in Minnesota’s Second Judicial District for Ramsey County. The complaint asserts claims under Sections 11, 12(a)(2), and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933 based on allegedly false and misleading public statements by defendants in the offering materials issued in connection with the 2022 transaction in which Neogen acquired 3M’s Food Safety Business. The complaint seeks, among other things, unspecified monetary damages, reasonable costs and expenses, recission, and/or such other equitable or injunctive relief as deemed appropriate by the Court. Defendants have not yet responded to the complaint.

Stockholder Demands

On August 13 and August 15, 2025, the Company received two separate stockholder litigation demands requesting that the Board investigate the allegations in the Federal Action and pursue claims on the Company’s behalf based on those allegations. On October 4, 2025, the Board established a litigation committee to consider and investigate the demands.

The Company intends to vigorously defend the matters. Given the uncertainty of litigation and the preliminary stage of the cases, we cannot estimate the reasonably possible loss or range of loss that may result from the actions.

Other than the shareholder items noted above, we are subject to certain legal and other proceedings that, in the opinion of management, are not expected to have a material effect on our financial statements.

10. DERIVATIVES AND FAIR VALUE

Derivatives

We operate globally and are exposed to market risks arising from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. As part of our financial risk management strategy, we use derivative financial instruments to hedge exposure to variability in cash flows associated with these market risks. These instruments are used solely for risk management purposes; We do not engage in derivative transactions for trading or speculative purposes.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

We have entered into non-designated foreign currency forward contracts to manage foreign currency balance sheet risk associated with intercompany loans and other foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities. These contracts are recorded net at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets, classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. The notional amount of forward contracts in place was $50,911 and $65,023 as of August 31, 2025 and May 31, 2025, respectively, and consisted of economic hedges of transactions up to October 2025.

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

In November 2022, we entered into a receive-variable, pay-fixed interest rate swap agreement with a $250,000 notional value, which is designated as a cash flow hedge. In accordance with the agreement, the notional value decreased to $200,000 in November 2024. This agreement fixed a portion of the variable interest due on our term loan facility, with an effective date of December 2, 2022 and a maturity date of June 30, 2027. Under the terms of the agreement, we pay a fixed interest rate of 4.215%, plus an applicable margin ranging between 137.5 to 175 basis points and receive a variable rate of interest based on term SOFR from the counterparty, which is reset according to the duration of the SOFR term. We expect to reclassify a $580 loss of accumulated other comprehensive income into earnings in the next 12 months.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value measurements are determined based upon the exit price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants exclusive of any transaction costs. We utilize a fair value hierarchy based upon the observability of inputs used in valuation techniques as follows:

Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

Level 2: Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3: Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

The carrying amounts of our financial instruments other than cash equivalents and marketable securities, which include accounts receivable and accounts payable, approximate fair value based on either their short maturity or current terms for similar instruments.

11. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

12. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

In September 2025, management approved a plan to reduce approximately 10% of its headcount as part of an organizational restructuring focused on improving operational efficiency and financial performance. The actions were implemented at the end of September, resulting in expected employee separation benefits of approximately $6.75 million - $7.25 million. These benefits are expected to be paid during the three months ended November 30, 2025.