UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 8-K
CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): May 23, 2025
Hinge Health, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware | 7370 | 81-1884841 | ||
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
455 Market Street, Suite 700
San Francisco, California 94105
(415) 726-2206
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:
| ☐ | Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425) |
| ☐ | Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12) |
| ☐ | Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b)) |
| ☐ | Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c)) |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class |
Trading Symbol |
Name of each exchange on which registered |
||
| Class A Common Stock, par value $0.00001 per share | HNGE | The New York Stock Exchange |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).
Emerging growth company ☒
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Item 5.03 Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year.
On May 23, 2025, Hinge Health, Inc. (the “Company”) filed its amended and restated certificate of incorporation (the “Certificate of Incorporation”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, and its amended and restated bylaws (the “Bylaws”) became effective, in connection with the closing of the initial public offering of shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, par value $0.00001 per share (the “Class A Common Stock”). As described in the final prospectus, dated May 21, 2025 (the “Prospectus”), relating to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-285682), as amended, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 23, 2025, pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Company’s board of directors and stockholders previously approved the amendment and restatement of these documents to be effective immediately prior to the closing of the Company’s initial public offering. A description of certain provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws is set forth in the section titled “Description of Capital Stock” in the Prospectus.
The foregoing description of the Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws is qualified in its entirety by reference to (1) the Certificate of Incorporation filed as Exhibit 3.1 hereto and (2) the Bylaws filed as Exhibit 3.2 hereto, each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 8.01 Other Events.
On May 23, 2025, the Company completed its initial public offering of an aggregate of 15,715,900 shares of Class A Common Stock, consisting of 8,522,528 shares of Class A Common Stock sold by the Company and 7,193,372 shares of Class A Common Stock sold by selling stockholders, at a price to the public of $32.00 per share. The 15,715,900 shares of Class A Common Stock sold in the offering included 2,049,900 shares of Class A Common Stock sold by the selling stockholders pursuant to the exercise in full by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional shares. The gross proceeds to the Company from the initial public offering were $272,720,896, before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company. The Company did not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares of Class A Common Stock in the offering by the selling stockholders.
Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.
(d) The following exhibits are being filed herewith:
| Exhibit No. | Description |
|
| 3.1 | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Hinge Health, Inc. | |
| 3.2 | Amended and Restated Bylaws of Hinge Health, Inc. | |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
| HINGE HEALTH, INC. | ||||||
| Date: May 23, 2025 | By: | /s/ James Budge |
||||
| James Budge | ||||||
| Chief Financial Officer | ||||||
Exhibit 3.1
AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
OF
HINGE HEALTH, INC.
(Pursuant to Sections 242 and 245 of the
General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware)
Hinge Health, Inc., a corporation organized and existing under and by virtue of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “General Corporation Law”), hereby certifies as follows:
1. The name of this corporation is Hinge Health, Inc. and the original Certificate of Incorporation was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on March 10, 2016.
2. The Corporation is filing this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, which restates, integrates and further amends the Seventh Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as heretofore amended (the “Prior Certificate”), and which was duly adopted by all necessary action of the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the “Board of Directors”) and the stockholders of the Corporation in accordance with the provisions of Sections 242, 245 and 228 of the DGCL.
3. The Prior Certificate is hereby amended and restated in its entirety by this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to read as follows:
ARTICLE I
The name of this corporation is Hinge Health, Inc. (the “Corporation”).
ARTICLE II
The address of the registered office of the Corporation in the State of Delaware is 251 Little Falls Drive, in the city of Wilmington, county of New Castle, Delaware 19808. The name of its registered agent at such address is The Company Corporation.
ARTICLE III
The purpose of this Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which a corporation may be organized under the General Corporation Law.
ARTICLE IV
A. Authorized Stock; Reclassification of Common Stock.
The total number of shares of all classes of stock which the Corporation is authorized to issue is 1,224,330,341 consisting of:
| (i) | 1,120,000,000 shares of Common Stock, $0.00001 par value per share (the “Common Stock”), of which (a) 1,000,000,000 shares shall be a series designated as Class A Common Stock (the “Class A Common Stock”), (b) 120,000,000 shares shall be a series designated as Class B Common Stock (the “Class B Common Stock”), and |
| (ii) | 104,330,341 shares of Preferred Stock, $0.00001 par value per share (the “Preferred Stock”) of which 4,330,341 shares shall be a series designated as Series E Preferred Stock (the “Series E Preferred Stock”) and the remainder shall initially be undesignated but may be issued from time to time in one or more series as provided in Part C of this Article IV. |
For the avoidance of doubt, the Class A Common Stock and the Class B Common Stock are separate series within the class of Common Stock, and not separate classes of stock.
The following is a statement of the designations and the powers, privileges and rights, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof in respect of each class or series of capital stock of the Corporation. All references in this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (this “Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation”) to a “certificate” or “certificates” representing shares of the Corporation’s capital stock include a notice or notices of issuance of uncertificated shares.
Immediately upon the filing and effectiveness of this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (the “Effective Time”):
(a) each share of Common Stock (as defined in the Seventh Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as heretofore amended (the “Prior Certificate”)) issued and outstanding or held by the Corporation as treasury stock as of immediately prior to the Effective Time, excluding the Pre-Effective Time Founder Shares (as defined below) (the “Pre-Effective Time A Shares”) shall be automatically reclassified as and shall become one share of Class A Common Stock without any further action by the Corporation or the holder of any such share; and
(b) each Pre-Effective Time Founder Share and Pre-Effective Time Preferred Share issued and outstanding as of immediately prior to the Effective Time (collectively, the “Pre-Effective Time B Shares”) shall be automatically reclassified as and shall become one share of Class B Common Stock without any further action by the Corporation or the holder of any such share.
Each certificate previously representing such shares of Pre-Effective Time A Shares or Pre-Effective Time B Shares immediately prior to the Effective Time shall thereafter represent a number of whole shares of Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock, as applicable, into which such shares have been reclassified pursuant to the provisions of this Part A of this Article IV, without the need for surrender or exchange thereof.
“Pre-Effective Time Founder Shares” means all shares of Common Stock (as defined in the Prior Certificate) and Preferred Stock (as defined in the Prior Certificate) held of record by the Founders (as defined in the Prior Certificate) and any Founder’s Affiliates (as defined in the Prior Certificate), as of immediately prior to the Effective Time.
“Pre-Effective Time Preferred Shares” means all shares of Preferred Stock (as defined in the Prior Certificate), excluding the Pre-Effective Time Series E Preferred Shares, as of immediately prior to the Effective Time.
“Pre-Effective Time Series E Preferred Shares” means all shares of Series E Preferred Stock (as defined in the Prior Certificate), as of immediately prior to the Effective Time.
B. Common Stock
The Common Stock shall have such terms, rights, powers and privileges, and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions with respect thereto, as stated or expressed herein. Unless otherwise indicated, references to “Sections” or “Subsections” in this Part B of this Article IV refer to sections and subsections of Part B of this Article IV.
1. General; Equal Status. Except as otherwise provided in this Article IV or required by law, shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock shall have the same rights, privileges, preferences and powers, rank equally (including as to dividends and distributions, and upon any liquidation, dissolution, distribution of assets or winding up of the Corporation), share ratably and be identical in all respects and as to all matters. The voting, dividend and liquidation rights of the holders of the Common Stock are subject to and qualified by the rights, powers and privileges of any series of Preferred Stock outstanding at any time and as may be designated by the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the “Board of Directors”).
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2. Voting.
2.1 Except as required by law, each share of Class A Common Stock shall entitle the holder to one (1) vote for each share of Class A Common Stock held and each share of Class B Common Stock shall entitle the holder to fifteen (15) votes for each share of Class B Common Stock held, in each case, on any matter submitted to the stockholders of the Corporation for a vote or approval. Every reference in this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws of the Corporation (as amended and/or restated from time to time, the “Bylaws”) to a majority or other proportion of stock, voting stock or shares shall refer to such majority or other proportion of the votes of such stock, voting stock or shares.
2.2 Unless required by law, there shall be no cumulative voting. The number of authorized shares of Common Stock may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding) without the separate class vote of the holders of Common Stock that would otherwise be required by Section 242(b)(2) of the General Corporation Law.
2.3 Except as otherwise required by law, holders of Common Stock shall not be entitled to vote on any amendment to this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (including any certificate of designation relating to any series of Preferred Stock) that relates solely to the terms of one or more outstanding series of Preferred Stock if the holders of such affected series are entitled, either separately or together with the holders of one or more other such series, to vote thereon pursuant to this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (including any certificate of designation relating to any series of Preferred Stock) or pursuant to the General Corporation Law.
3. Conversion.
3.1 Conversion of Class B Common Stock.
3.1.1 Right to Convert. Any holder of shares of Class B Common Stock, at the option of such holder, may convert any share of Class B Common Stock held by such holder at any time after the date of issuance of such share, at the office of the Corporation or any transfer agent for such stock, into one (1) validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable share of Class A Common Stock.
3.1.2 Automatic Conversion.
(A) Non-Founder Shares. Each share of Class B Common Stock that is not held of record or Beneficially Owned (as defined below) by a Founder (as defined in Section 3.1.4) (or by a Founder’s Affiliate (as defined in Section 3.1.4)) shall automatically convert into one (1) validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable share of Class A Common Stock at 5:00 p.m. New York City time on the seven (7) year anniversary of the Effective Time (the “Class B Mandatory Conversion Time”) or, with respect to each such holder, if earlier than the Class B Mandatory Conversion Time, 5:00 p.m. New York City time on the date when such holder, together with its Affiliates, ceases to Beneficially Own (as defined below) in the aggregate a number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation equal to at least 50% of the capital stock of the Corporation that such holder and its Affiliates Beneficially Owned in the aggregate as of the Effective Time (such earlier date, the “Individual Holder Class B Mandatory Conversion Time”).
(B) Founder Shares. Each share of Class B Common Stock held of record or Beneficially Owned by a Founder (or by any of such Founder’s Affiliates) shall automatically convert into one (1) validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable share of Class A Common Stock upon the earlier of: (A) 5:00 p.m.
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New York City time on the date when such Founder, together with such Founder’s Affiliates, ceases to Beneficially Own in the aggregate a number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation equal to at least 50% of the capital stock of the Corporation that such Founder and such Founder’s Affiliates Beneficially Owned in the aggregate as of the Effective Time (which initial and subsequent Beneficial Ownership calculations shall include only the net issuance share amount upon vesting and settlement of restricted stock units, after giving effect to the withholding of shares by the Corporation to cover all federal and state tax liabilities of such Founder relating to such settlement at the maximum applicable rates) or (B) 5:00 p.m. New York City time on the date that such Founder is no longer an employee or a director of the Corporation (such earlier date, a “Founder Mandatory Conversion Time”).
“Beneficially Own” and “Beneficial Owner” have such meanings as are set forth in Rule 13d-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).
3.1.3 Conversion Upon Death or Disability. Each outstanding share of Class B Common Stock held by a Founder (or by any of such Founder’s Affiliates) shall automatically convert into one (1) share of Class A Common Stock at 5:00 p.m. New York City time on the nine (9) month anniversary of the death or Disability of such Founder (the “Founder Death or Disability Conversion Time”), excluding, for the avoidance of doubt, any shares of Class B Common Stock subject to a Transfer (as defined below) by such Founder (or such Founder’s Affiliates) to the other Founder (or any such other Founder’s Affiliates) as contemplated by Section 3.1.4(l).
“Disability” shall mean permanent and total disability such that the natural person who is the holder of shares of Class B Common Stock is unable to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable mental impairment which would reasonably be expected to result in death or which has lasted or would reasonably be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than twelve (12) months as determined by a licensed medical practitioner. In the event of a dispute whether the natural person who is the holder of shares of Class B Common Stock has suffered a Disability, no Disability of the natural person who is the holder of shares of Class B Common Stock shall be deemed to have occurred unless and until an affirmative ruling regarding such Disability has been made by a court of competent jurisdiction, and such ruling has become final and nonappealable.
3.1.4 Transfers. Any share of Class B Common Stock shall automatically convert into one (1) share of Class A Common Stock upon the Transfer of such share by the holder of such Class B Common Stock as of immediately prior to the Effective Time (or in the case of any share of Class B Common Stock issued following the Effective Time, by the holder of such Class B Common Stock as of the time of original issuance of such share) (any such holder, the “Operative Holder”) or by any of such Operative Holder’s Permitted Transferees (as defined below) to a natural person or entity other than (A) the holder of such share of Class B Common Stock on the date of initial issuance of such share by the Corporation (any such holder, the “Initial Holder”), (B) an Affiliate of such Initial Holder (each of (A) and (B), a “Permitted Transferee” of such Operative Holder), or (C) from any Permitted Transferee back to the Operative Holder and/or any other Permitted Transferee established by or for the benefit of such Operative Holder.
“Transfer” shall mean (i) the direct or indirect sale, transfer, pledge, assignment, gift, contribution, grant of a lien, or other disposal of any share of Class B Common Stock or any beneficial interest in such share or (ii) the deposit of any share of Class B Common Stock into a voting trust or entry into a voting agreement or arrangement with respect to any share of Class B Common Stock or the granting of any proxy or power of attorney with respect thereto. A “Transfer” will also be deemed to have occurred with respect to any share of Class B Common Stock Beneficially Owned by an Operative Holder (or by any of such Operative Holder’s Permitted Transferees) if there is a transaction or other event such that the Operative Holder (or such Operative Holder’s Permitted Transferees, as the case may be) no longer retains sole dispositive power (as among the Operative Holder of such share of Class B Common Stock and such Operative Holder’s Permitted Transferees) and exclusive power to vote or direct the voting of such security, including by proxy, voting agreement or otherwise, in each case with respect to such share of Class B Common Stock. Notwithstanding the foregoing none of the following shall be considered a Transfer:
(A) the granting of a revocable proxy to an officer or director of the Corporation at the request of the Board of Directors in connection with actions to be taken at an annual or special meeting of stockholders or any other action of the stockholders permitted by this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation; (B) the pledge of shares of Class B Common Stock or granting a lien with respect thereto by a stockholder that creates a mere security interest in such shares pursuant to a bona fide loan or indebtedness transaction with a financial institution for so long as such stockholder continues to exercise voting control over such shares; provided, however, that a foreclosure on such shares or other similar action by the pledgee shall constitute a Transfer;
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(C) the entering into, or reaching an agreement, arrangement or understanding regarding, a support, voting, tender or similar agreement or arrangement (with or without a proxy) in connection with a merger, asset transfer, asset acquisition or similar transaction approved by the Board of Directors;
(D) the entering into a trading plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act with a broker or other nominee where the holder entering into the plan retains all voting control over the shares; provided, however, that a Transfer of such shares of Class B Common Stock by such broker or other nominee shall constitute a “Transfer” at the time of such Transfer;
(E) the entering into or amending a voting trust, agreement or arrangement (with or without granting a proxy) solely with holders of Class B Common Stock that (i) is disclosed either in a Schedule 13D filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission or in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation, (ii) either has a term not exceeding one year or is terminable by the holder of the shares subject thereto at any time and (iii) does not involve any payment of cash, securities, property or other consideration to the holder of the shares subject thereto other than the mutual promise to vote shares in a designated manner;
(F) the granting of a proxy by the Founder or the Founder’s Affiliates to a natural person or entity designated by the Founder or the Founder’s Affiliates and approved, in advance, by a majority of the Independent Directors then in office to exercise dispositive power and/or voting control of shares of Class B Common Stock Beneficially Owned by the Founder or the Founder’s Affiliates;
(G) the fact that the spouse of any holder of Class B Common Stock possesses or obtains an interest in such holder’s shares of Class B Common Stock arising solely by reason of the application of the community property laws of any jurisdiction, so long as no other event or circumstance shall exist or have occurred that constitutes a Transfer of such shares of Class B Common Stock; provided that, any transfer of shares by any holder of shares of Class B Common Stock to such holder’s spouse, including a transfer in connection with a divorce proceeding, domestic relations order or similar legal requirement, shall constitute a “Transfer” of such shares of Class B Common Stock unless otherwise exempt from the definition of Transfer;
(H) the deposit of Class B Common Stock into an Individual Retirement Account, as defined in Section 408(a) of the Internal Revenue Code (or successor provision), or a pension, profit sharing, stock bonus or other type of plan or trust of which such holder of Class B Common Stock is a participant or beneficiary and which satisfies the requirements for qualification under Section 401 of the Internal Revenue Code (or successor provision); and
(I) any Transfer by a Founder (or such Founder’s Affiliates) to the other Founder (or any such Founder’s Affiliates).
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“Affiliate” shall mean, (i) in the case of a holder who is a natural person or an entity held solely by a natural person or a trust created by a natural person, (A) (I) such natural person and (II) any spouse, registered domestic partner, descendant (including any adopted descendant), sibling, parent, grandparent, parent of the spouse or domestic partner of such natural person or any lineal descendants of any of the foregoing (including any adopted descendant), and any of the foregoing relations by virtue of marriage or registered domestic partnership relationship (including step-relations) (each a “Family Member” and, more than one such Family Member, “Family Members”), (B) any custodian, trustee (including a trustee of a voting trust), executor or other fiduciary for the account of (I) such natural person or any one or more Family Members of such natural person or (II) any trust contemplated by clause (C), (C) any trust of which such natural person and/or any one or more Family Members of such natural person and/or any organization that is tax-exempt under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code are current beneficiaries, (D) an entity in which all of the beneficial and economic interests are held, directly or indirectly, by any one or more of such natural person, any one or more Family Members of such natural person, or any natural person, entity, or trust referred to in clause (B) or (C), or (E) an organization that is tax-exempt under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code so long as the transfer, assignment, sale or other disposition to such organization does not involve any payment of cash, securities, property or other consideration to such natural person; provided that, in the case of each of clauses (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E), such natural person holds exclusive voting control with respect to such shares of Class B Common Stock; (ii) in the case of an institutional, private equity, hedge, venture capital or other private investment fund, any partner, limited partner, retired partner, member or retired member of such holder, any affiliated fund, any fund which is controlled by or under common control with one or more general partners of such holder, any fund that is managed and governed by the same management company as such holder, any fund that controls such holder or any fund that is controlled by, under common control with, managed or advised by the same management company or registered investment advisor that controls, is under common control with, manages or advises the fund that controls such holder; and (iii) in the case of a mutual fund, pension fund, other pooled investment vehicle or an institutional client, to another mutual fund, pension fund, other pooled investment vehicle or an institutional client in connection with a merger, fund reorganization or otherwise for regulatory or fund management purposes.
“Founder” shall mean any of Daniel Perez and Gabriel Mecklenburg, each as a natural living person, and “Founders” shall mean both of them.
“Independent Directors” means members of the Board of Directors that are not a Founder or an officer or other employee of the Corporation or its subsidiaries (provided that a director shall not be considered an officer or employee of the Corporation solely due to such director’s position as a member of the Board of Directors or the board of directors or similar governing body of one or more subsidiaries of the Corporation).
3.1.5 Mechanics of Conversion. In the event of an optional conversion pursuant to Section 3.1.1, before any holder of Class B Common Stock shall be entitled voluntarily to convert the same into shares of Class A Common Stock, such holder shall surrender the certificate or certificates therefor, duly endorsed, at the office of the Corporation or of any transfer agent for such stock, and shall give written notice to the Corporation at such office that such holder elects to convert the same and shall state therein the name or names in which such holder wishes the certificate or certificates for shares of Class A Common Stock to be issued. The Corporation shall, as soon as practicable thereafter, issue and deliver at such office to such holder, or to the nominee or nominees of such holder, a certificate or certificates for the number of shares of Class A Common Stock to which such holder shall be entitled as aforesaid. Such optional conversion shall be deemed to have been made immediately prior to the close of business on the date of surrender of the shares of Class B Common Stock to be converted, and the person or persons entitled to receive the shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon such conversion shall be treated for all purposes as the record holder or holders of such shares of Class A Common Stock on such date. If the conversion is in connection with the automatic conversion provisions set forth in Section 3.1.2, Section 3.1.3 or Section 3.1.4, such conversion shall be deemed to have been made (i) in the case of Section 3.1.2(A), at the Class B Mandatory Conversion Time or Individual Holder Class B Mandatory Conversion Time, as applicable, (ii) in the case of Section 3.1.2(B), at the Founder Mandatory Conversion Time, (iii) in the case of Section 3.1.3, at the Founder Death or Disability Conversion Time, or (iv) in the case of Section 3.1.4, on the applicable date of Transfer, the persons entitled to receive shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon such conversion shall be treated for all purposes as the record holders of such shares of Class A Common Stock as of the applicable date, and, until presented for transfer, certificates previously evidencing shares of Class B Common Stock shall represent the number of shares of Class A Common Stock into which such shares were automatically converted.
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Shares of Class B Common Stock converted pursuant to Section 3.1.1, Section 3.1.2, Section 3.1.3 or Section 3.1.4 shall be automatically retired and cancelled and may not be reissued, and the Corporation may thereafter take such appropriate action (without the need for stockholder action) as may be necessary to reduce the authorized number of shares of Class B Common Stock accordingly.
3.1.6 Policies and Procedures. The Board of Directors, or a committee thereof, may, from time to time, establish such policies and procedures, not in violation of applicable law or this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, relating to the conversion of shares of Class B Common Stock into shares of Class A Common Stock as it may deem necessary or advisable. The Corporation may, from time to time, require that a holder of shares of Class B Common Stock furnish affidavits or other proof to the Corporation as it deems necessary to verify the ownership of shares of Class B Common Stock and to confirm that a conversion to shares of Class A Common Stock has not occurred. Without limiting the discretion of the Board of Directors (or a committee of the Board of Directors), the Board of Directors (or such committee) may determine (and such determination shall be conclusive) that a holder of shares of Class B Common Stock has failed to furnish sufficient evidence to the Corporation (in the manner and time frame provided in the request) to enable the Corporation to determine that no conversion of shares of Class B Common Stock into shares of Class A Common Stock in accordance with this Section 3.1 has occurred with respect to such holder of shares of Class B Common Stock (and its Affiliates), and therefore such shares of Class B Common Stock, to the extent not previously converted, shall be converted into shares of Class A Common Stock and such conversion shall thereupon be registered on the books and records of the Corporation. A determination by the Board of Directors (or such committee of the Board of Directors), acting reasonably and in good faith, that shares of Class B Common Stock have been converted into shares of Class A Common Stock pursuant to this Article IV shall be conclusive.
3.1.7 No Further Issuance. Except for the issuance of shares of Class B Common Stock issuable in respect of Rights (as defined below) outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time, upon the conversion of shares of Series E Preferred Stock in accordance with Article IV(C)1.4, in a dividend payable in accordance with Section 6 of Article IV(B), or in a reclassification, subdivision or combination in accordance with Section 8 of Article IV(B), the Corporation shall not at any time after the Effective Time issue any additional shares of Class B Common Stock. “Rights” means any option, warrant, restricted stock unit, restricted stock award, performance stock award, phantom stock, equity award, conversion right or contractual right of any kind to acquire or obligation of the Corporation to issue shares of the Corporation’s authorized but unissued capital stock.
3.1.8 Reservation of Shares. The Corporation shall at all times reserve and keep available out of its authorized but unissued shares of Class A Common Stock, solely for the purpose of effecting the conversion of the shares of Class B Common Stock and Series E Preferred Stock, such number of shares of Class A Common Stock as shall from time to time be sufficient to effect the conversion of all outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock and Series E Preferred Stock convertible into Class B Common Stock or Class A Common Stock into shares of Class A Common Stock.
4. Notices. Except as otherwise provided herein, any notice required or permitted by the provisions of this Part B of Article IV to be given to a holder of shares of Common Stock shall be mailed, postage prepaid, to the post office address last shown on the records of the Corporation for such holder, given by the holder to the Corporation for the purpose of notice or given by electronic communication in compliance with the provisions of the General Corporation Law, and shall be deemed sent upon such mailing or electronic transmission. If no such address appears or is given, notice shall be deemed given at the place where the principal executive office of the Corporation is located.
5. Redemption. Neither the Class A Common Stock nor the Class B Common Stock is mandatorily redeemable.
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6. Dividends. Subject to the rights, powers and preferences applicable to any series of Preferred Stock, including those in Article IV(C)1.1, if any, outstanding at any time, the holders of each series of Common Stock shall be entitled to receive, on a per share basis, the same form and amount of dividends and other distributions of cash, property or shares of stock of the Corporation as may be declared by the Board of Directors from time to time with respect to shares of any other series of Common Stock out of assets or funds of the Corporation legally available therefor; provided, however, that in the event that such dividend is paid in the form of shares of a series of Common Stock that differs from the series of Common Stock held by any holder or rights to acquire a series of Common Stock that differs from a series of Common Stock held by any holder, as applicable, such holder shall receive the series of Common Stock or rights to acquire the series of Common Stock corresponding to the series of Common Stock held by such holder, as the case may be.
7. Liquidation, Dissolution, etc. In the event of a voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution, distribution of assets, or winding up of the Corporation, subject to the rights, powers and preferences applicable to any series of Preferred Stock, including those in Article IV(C)1, the holders of each series of Common Stock shall be entitled to share equally, on a per share basis, in all assets of the Corporation of whatever kind available for distribution to the holders of Common Stock.
8. Subdivision or Combination. If the Corporation in any manner subdivides, combines or reclassifies the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock, the outstanding shares of the other such series shall, concurrently therewith, be subdivided, combined or reclassified in the same proportion and manner such that the same proportionate equity ownership between the holders of outstanding Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock on the record date for such subdivision, combination or reclassification is preserved, unless different treatment of the shares of each such series is approved by (i) the holders of a majority of the outstanding Class A Common Stock and (ii) the holders of a majority of the outstanding Class B Common Stock, each of (i) and (ii) voting as separate series.
9. Treatment in a Merger. The consideration received per share by the holders of each series of Common Stock in any merger, consolidation, reorganization or other business combination shall be identical unless different treatment of the shares of each such series is approved by (i) the holders of a majority of the outstanding Class A Common Stock and (ii) the holders of a majority of the outstanding Class B Common Stock, each of (i) and (ii) voting as separate series; provided, however, that if (i) such consideration consists, in whole or in part, of shares of capital stock of, or other equity interests in, the Corporation or any other corporation, partnership, limited liability company or other entity, and (ii) the powers, designations, preferences and relative, optional or other special rights and qualifications, limitations and restrictions of shares of capital stock or other equity interests received in respect of the shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock differ solely to the extent that the powers, designations, preferences and relative, optional or other special rights and qualifications, limitations and restrictions of the Class A Common Stock and the Class B Common Stock differ as described in this Article IV, then the powers, designations, preferences and relative, optional or other special rights and qualifications, limitations and restrictions of such shares of capital stock or other equity interests may differ to the extent that the powers, designations, preferences and relative, optional or other special rights and qualifications, limitations and restrictions of the Class A Common Stock and the Class B Common Stock differ as provided herein (including, without limitation, with respect to the voting rights and conversion provisions hereof); and provided further, that, if the holders of any series of Common Stock are granted the right to elect to receive one of two or more alternative forms of consideration, the foregoing provisions shall be deemed satisfied if holders of the other series of Common Stock are granted corresponding election rights.
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C. Preferred Stock.
Shares of Preferred Stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series, each of such series to have such designations, powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional and other special rights, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, if any, as stated in the resolution or resolutions providing for the establishment of such series adopted by the Board of Directors as hereinafter provided. Authority is hereby expressly granted to the Board of Directors to issue, from time to time, shares of Preferred Stock in one or more series, and, in connection with the establishment of any such series, by resolution or resolutions to determine and fix the designation of and the number of shares comprising such series, and such voting powers, full or limited, or no voting powers, and such other powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional and other special rights, and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, if any, including, without limitation, dividend rights, conversion rights, redemption privileges and liquidation preferences, as shall be stated in such resolution or resolutions, all to the fullest extent permitted by the General Corporation Law. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the resolution or resolutions providing for the establishment of any series of Preferred Stock may, to the extent permitted by law, provide that such series shall be superior to, rank equally with or be junior to the Preferred Stock of any other series. The powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional and other special rights of each series of Preferred Stock, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, if any, may be different from those of any and all other series at any time outstanding. Except as otherwise expressly provided in Article IV(C)1 or in the resolution or resolutions providing for the establishment of any series of Preferred Stock, no vote of the holders of shares of Preferred Stock or Common Stock shall be a prerequisite to the issuance of any shares of any series of the Preferred Stock so authorized in accordance with this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. The number of authorized shares of Preferred Stock may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding) without the separate class vote of the holders of the Preferred Stock that would otherwise be required under Section 242(b)(2) of the General Corporation Law.
1. Series E Preferred Stock. 4,330,341 shares of Preferred Stock are designated as Series E Preferred Stock. The Series E Preferred Stock shall have such rights, powers and privileges, and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions with respect thereto, as stated or expressed herein. Unless otherwise indicated, references to “Sections” or “Subsections” in this Part C of this Article IV refer to sections and subsections of Part C of this Article IV.
1.1 Dividends. The Board of Directors shall not declare, pay or set aside any dividends on shares of any other class or series of capital stock of the Corporation unless (in addition to the obtaining of any consents required elsewhere in this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation) all holders of the Series E Preferred Stock then outstanding shall first receive, or simultaneously receive, a dividend on each outstanding share of Series E Preferred Stock in an amount at least equal to the dividend payable on each share of Series E Preferred Stock determined as if all shares of such Series E Preferred Stock had been converted into the applicable series of Common Stock calculated on the record date for determination of holders entitled to receive such dividend.
1.2 Liquidation.
| 1.2.1 | Preference. In the event of any Liquidation Transaction (as defined below), the holders of the Series E Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive prior and in preference to any distribution of any of the assets of the Corporation to the holders of each other series of Preferred Stock and the Common Stock, by reason of their ownership thereof, an amount equal to $77.46420 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reclassification and the like) for each outstanding share of Series E Preferred Stock then held by them, plus any declared but unpaid dividends on such shares. If, upon the occurrence of such event, the assets and funds thus of the Corporation are insufficient to permit the payment to such holders of the full aforesaid preferential amounts, then the entire assets and funds of the Corporation legally available for distribution shall be distributed ratably among the holders of the Series E Preferred Stock, in proportion to the respective amounts which would otherwise be payable in respect of the shares held by them upon such distribution if all amounts payable on or with respect to such shares were paid in full. |
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| 1.2.2 | Remaining Assets. Upon the completion of the distribution required by Article IV(C)1.2.1 above, the remaining assets of the Corporation available for distribution to stockholders shall be distributed according to Article IV(B)7. |
| 1.2.3 | Deemed Conversion. Notwithstanding the above, for purposes of determining the amount the holders of shares of Series E Preferred Stock are entitled to receive with respect to a Liquidation Transaction, as defined below, all holders of shares of Series E Preferred Stock shall be deemed to have converted (regardless of whether such holders actually converted) such holders’ shares of Series E Preferred Stock into shares of the applicable series of Common Stock immediately prior to the Liquidation Transaction if, as a result of an actual conversion, such holders would receive, in the aggregate, an amount greater than the amount that would be distributed to such holders if such holders did not convert shares of Series E Preferred Stock into shares of Common Stock. If any such holders shall be deemed to have converted shares of Series E Preferred Stock into the applicable series of Common Stock pursuant to this paragraph, then such holders shall not be entitled to receive any distribution that would otherwise be made to holders of Series E Preferred Stock that have not converted (or have not been deemed to have converted) into shares of the applicable series of Common Stock. |
| 1.2.4 | Certain Acquisitions. |
| 1.2.4.1 | Deemed Liquidation. For purposes of this Article IV(C)1.2, a “Liquidation Transaction” shall be deemed to occur if the Corporation shall (i) sell, convey, exclusively license or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its assets, property or business, in one transaction or a series of related transactions, (ii) merge with or into or consolidate with any other corporation, limited liability company or other entity (other than a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Corporation), in one transaction or a series of related transactions, or (iii) effect a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation pursuant to the applicable provisions of Section 275 of the Delaware General Corporation Law; provided, however that none of the following shall be considered a Liquidation Transaction: (A) a merger effected exclusively for the purpose of changing the domicile of the Corporation, or (B) a bona fide equity financing in which the Corporation is the surviving corporation. In the event of a Liquidation Transaction pursuant to the provisions of subsection (ii) above, all references in this Article IV(C)1.2 to “assets of the Corporation” shall be deemed instead to refer to the aggregate consideration to be paid to the holders of the Corporation’s capital stock in such merger or consolidation. If any portion of the consideration payable to the holders of the Corporation’s capital stock is placed into escrow and/or is payable to the holders of the Corporation’s capital stock subject to contingencies, the applicable merger agreement shall provide that (1) the portion of such consideration that is not placed in escrow and not subject to any contingencies (the “Initial Consideration”) shall be allocated among the holders of capital stock of the Corporation in accordance with this Article IV(C)1.2 as if the Initial Consideration were the only consideration payable in connection with such Liquidation Transaction and (2) any additional consideration which becomes payable to the holders of the Corporation’s capital stock upon release from escrow or satisfaction of contingencies shall be allocated among the holders of capital stock of the Corporation in accordance with this Article IV(C)1.2 after taking into account the previous payment of the |
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| Initial Consideration as part of the same transaction. Nothing in this subsection (1.2.4.1) shall require the distribution to stockholders of anything other than proceeds of such transaction. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the treatment of any transaction as a Liquidation Transaction may be waived by the vote or written consent of the holders of at least a majority of the Corporation’s then-outstanding shares of Series E Preferred Stock (the “Requisite Series E Holders”). The Corporation shall not have the power to effect a Liquidation Transaction referred to in Article IV(C)1.2.4.1 unless the agreement or plan of merger or consolidation for such transaction provides that the consideration payable to the stockholders of the Corporation shall be allocated among the holders of capital stock of the Corporation in accordance with Article IV(C)1.2.1. |
| 1.2.4.2 | Valuation of Consideration. In the event of a Liquidation Transaction, if the consideration received by the Corporation is other than cash, its value will be deemed its fair market value, determined as follows: (i) for securities not subject to investment letters or other similar restrictions on free marketability, (A) if traded on a securities exchange, the value shall be deemed to be the average of the closing prices of the securities on such exchange or market over the 30 day period ending three days prior to the closing of such transaction; (B) if actively traded over-the-counter, the value shall be deemed to be the average of the closing bid prices over the 30 day period ending three days prior to the closing of such transaction; or (C) if there is no active public market, the value shall be the fair market value thereof, as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors and (ii) the method of valuation of securities subject to investment letters or other similar restrictions on free marketability (other than restrictions arising solely by virtue of a stockholder’s status as an affiliate or former affiliate) shall take into account an appropriate discount (as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors) from the market value as determined pursuant to clause (i) above so as to reflect the approximate fair market value thereof. Any securities shall be valued as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the methods for valuing non-cash consideration to be distributed in connection with a Liquidation Transaction shall, with the appropriate approval by the stockholders under the Delaware General Corporation Law of the definitive agreements governing such Liquidation Transaction, be superseded by the determination of such value set forth in the definitive agreements governing such Liquidation Transaction. |
| 1.3 | Redemption. The Series E Preferred Stock is not mandatorily redeemable. |
| 1.4 | Conversion. The holders of shares of Series E Preferred Stock shall be entitled to conversion rights as follows: |
| 1.4.1 | Right to Convert. Subject to the provisions of this Article IV(C)1.4.1 and Article IV(C)1.4.3 below, each share of Series E Preferred Stock shall be convertible, at the option of the holder thereof, at any time after the date of issuance of such share, at the office of the Corporation or any transfer agent for such stock, into such number of fully paid and nonassessable shares of the Class B Common Stock as is determined by dividing $77.46420 (as adjusted for any stock splits, stock dividends, combinations, subdivisions, recapitalizations or the like with respect to the Series E Preferred Stock), by the Conversion Price applicable to such shares (such quotient is referred to herein as the “Conversion |
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| Rate”), determined as hereafter provided, in effect on (i) the date the certificate is surrendered for conversion or (ii) in the case of uncertificated securities, the date the notice of conversion is received by the Corporation. The initial “Conversion Price” shall be $77.46420 per share. Such initial Conversion Price shall be subject to adjustment as set forth in Article IV(C)1.4.5 below. |
| 1.4.2 | Automatic Conversion. Subject to the provisions of Article IV(C)1.4.3 below, each share of Series E Preferred Stock shall automatically be converted into shares of the applicable series of Common Stock at the Conversion Rate then in effect for such share immediately upon the earlier of (i) the Corporation’s sale of its Common Stock in a firm commitment underwritten public offering pursuant to a registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), the public offering price of which is not less than $77.46420 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reclassification and the like) and which results in aggregate cash proceeds to the Corporation of not less than $100,000,000, net of underwriting discounts and commissions or (ii) immediately upon the date specified by vote or written consent of the Requisite Series E Holders. |
| 1.4.3 | Conversion to Class A. Notwithstanding the provisions of Article IV(C)1.4.1 and Article IV(C)1.4.2, (i) each share of Series E Preferred Stock that remains outstanding after the Class B Mandatory Conversion Time shall not be convertible into Class B Common Stock pursuant to Article IV(C)1.4.1 and Article IV(C)1.4.2 and instead shall be convertible into such number of fully paid and nonassessable shares of Class A Common Stock as is determined by the Conversion Rate, (ii) if, prior to the Class B Mandatory Conversion Time, any person who was a Beneficial Owner of shares of Series E Preferred Stock as of the Effective Time, together with its Affiliates, ceases to Beneficially Own in the aggregate a number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation equal to at least 50% of the capital stock of the Corporation that such person and its Affiliates Beneficially Owned in the aggregate as of the Effective Time (the “Series E Individual Holder Class B Mandatory Conversion Trigger”), then, from and after 5:00 p.m. New York City time on the date of the Series E Individual Holder Class B Mandatory Conversion Trigger (the “Series E Individual Holder Class B Mandatory Conversion Time”), each share of Series E Preferred Stock Beneficially Owned by such person shall not be convertible into Class B Common Stock pursuant to Article IV(C)1.4.1 and Article IV(C)1.4.2 and instead shall be convertible into such number of fully paid and nonassessable shares of Class A Common Stock as is determined by the Conversion Rate, and (iii) shares of Series E Preferred Stock Beneficially Owned by any person who was not the Beneficial Owner of such shares of Series E Preferred Stock as of the Effective Time, or an Affiliate of such person, shall not be convertible into Class B Common Stock pursuant to Article IV(C)1.4.1 and Article IV(C)1.4.2 and instead shall be convertible into such number of fully paid and nonassessable shares of Class A Common Stock as is determined by the Conversion Rate. |
| 1.4.4 | Mechanics of Conversion. Before any holder of Series E Preferred Stock shall be entitled to convert such Series E Preferred Stock into shares of the applicable series of Common Stock, the holder shall give written notice to the Corporation at its principal corporate office, of the election to convert the same and shall state therein the name or names in which the shares of Common Stock are to be issued. The Corporation shall, as soon as practicable thereafter, issue and deliver at such office to such holder of Series E Preferred Stock a notice of issuance, for the number of shares of the applicable series of Common Stock to which such holder shall be entitled as aforesaid. Such conversion shall be |
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| deemed to have been made on the date such notice of conversion is received by the Corporation, and the person or persons entitled to receive the shares of the applicable series of Common Stock issuable upon such conversion shall be treated for all purposes as the record holder or holders of such shares of Common Stock as of such date. If the conversion is in connection with a firm commitment underwritten public offering of securities, the conversion may, at the option of any holder tendering such Series E Preferred Stock for conversion, be conditioned upon the closing of the sale of securities pursuant to such offering, in which event any persons entitled to receive the applicable series of Common Stock upon conversion of such Series E Preferred Stock shall not be deemed to have converted such Series E Preferred Stock until immediately prior to the closing of such sale of securities. |
| 1.4.5 | Conversion Price Adjustments of Series E Preferred Stock for Certain Dilutive Issuances, Splits and Combinations. The Conversion Price of the Series E Preferred Stock shall be subject to adjustment from time to time as follows: |
| 1.4.5.1 | Issuance of Additional Stock Below Purchase Price. If the Corporation should issue, at any time after October 22, 2021 (the “Purchase Date”), any Additional Stock (as defined below) without consideration or for a consideration per share less than the Conversion Price for the Series E Preferred Stock in effect immediately prior to the issuance of such Additional Stock (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reclassification and the like), the Conversion Price for such series in effect immediately prior to each such issuance shall automatically be adjusted as set forth in this Article IV(C)1.4.5.1, unless otherwise provided in this Article IV(C)1.4.5.1. |
| 1.4.5.1.1 | Adjustment Formula. Whenever the Conversion Price is adjusted pursuant to this Article IV(C)1.4.5.1, the new Conversion Price for such Series E Preferred Stock shall be determined by multiplying the Conversion Price for Series E Preferred Stock then in effect by a fraction, (x) the numerator of which shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to such issuance (the “Outstanding Common”) plus the number of shares of Common Stock that the aggregate consideration received by the Corporation for such issuance of the Additional Stock would purchase at such Conversion Price; and (y) the denominator of which shall be the number of shares of Outstanding Common plus the number of shares of such Additional Stock. For purposes of the foregoing calculation, the term “Outstanding Common” shall include shares of Common Stock deemed issued pursuant to Article IV(C)1.4.5.1.5 below. |
| 1.4.5.1.2 | Definition of “Additional Stock”. For purposes of this Article IV(C)1.4.5.1, “Additional Stock” shall mean any shares of Common Stock issued (or deemed to have been issued pursuant to Article IV(C)1.4.5.1.5 below) by the Corporation after the Purchase Date, other than the following securities (such securities and any Common Stock Equivalents thereto collectively referred to as the “Exempted Securities”): |
| 1.4.5.1.2.1 | securities issued pursuant to stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions, as described in Article IV(C)1.4.5.2 below; |
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| 1.4.5.1.2.2 | securities issuable upon conversion, exchange or exercise of convertible, exchangeable or exercisable securities outstanding as of the Purchase Date including, without limitation, warrants, notes or options; |
| 1.4.5.1.2.3 | Common Stock (or options therefor) issued or issuable to employees, consultants, officers, directors of the Corporation or other persons performing services for the Corporation pursuant to stock option plans or restricted stock plans or agreements approved by the Board of Directors; |
| 1.4.5.1.2.4 | Common Stock issued or issuable in the Corporation’s sale of its Common Stock in a firm commitment underwritten public offering pursuant to a registration statement under the Securities Act; |
| 1.4.5.1.2.5 | securities issued or issuable as consideration for the acquisition by the Corporation of another company or business approved by the Board of Directors; |
| 1.4.5.1.2.6 | securities issued or issuable primarily for non-equity financing purposes to financial institutions, equipment lessors, brokers or similar persons in connection with commercial credit arrangements, equipment financings, commercial property lease transactions or similar transactions approved by the Board of Directors; |
| 1.4.5.1.2.7 | securities issued or issuable to an entity as a component of any business relationship with such entity primarily for the purpose of (a) joint venture, technology licensing or development activities, (b) distribution, supply or manufacture of the Corporation’s products or services or (c) any other arrangements involving corporate partners that are primarily for purposes other than raising capital, the terms of which business relationship with such entity are approved by the Board of Directors; |
| 1.4.5.1.2.8 | Common Stock issued or issuable upon conversion of the Series E Preferred Stock; and |
| 1.4.5.1.2.9 | shares (or securities or rights convertible into, exercisable or exchangeable into, or entitling their holder to receive shares, directly or indirectly) issued or issuable in any other transaction for a consideration per share less than the Conversion Price of the Series E Preferred Stock, for which exemption from these price-based antidilution provisions is approved (before or after issuance) by the affirmative vote of the Requisite Series E Holders. |
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| 1.4.5.1.3 | No Fractional Adjustments. No adjustment of the Conversion Price for the Series E Preferred Stock shall be made in an amount less than one cent per share (as adjusted for any stock splits, stock dividends, combinations, subdivisions, recapitalizations or the like), provided that any adjustments which are not required to be made by reason of this sentence shall be carried forward and shall be either taken into account in any subsequent adjustment made prior to three years from the date of the event giving rise to the adjustment being carried forward, or shall be made at the end of three years from the date of the event giving rise to the adjustment being carried forward. |
| 1.4.5.1.4 | Determination of Consideration. In the case of the issuance of Common Stock for cash, the consideration shall be deemed to be the amount of cash paid therefor before deducting any reasonable discounts, commissions or other expenses allowed, paid or incurred by the Corporation for any underwriting or otherwise in connection with the issuance and sale thereof. In the case of the issuance of the Common Stock for a consideration in whole or in part other than cash, the consideration other than cash shall be deemed to be the fair value thereof as determined by the Board of Directors in good faith irrespective of any accounting treatment. |
| 1.4.5.1.5 | Deemed Issuances of Common Stock. In the case of the issuance of securities or rights convertible into, exercisable or exchangeable into, or entitling the holder thereof to receive directly or indirectly, additional shares of Common Stock (the “Common Stock Equivalents”), the following provisions shall apply for all purposes of this Article IV(C)1.4.5.1: |
| 1.4.5.1.5.1 | The aggregate maximum number of shares of Common Stock deliverable upon conversion, exchange or exercise (assuming the satisfaction of any conditions to convertibility, exchangeability or exercisability, including, without limitation, the passage of time, but without taking into account potential antidilution adjustments) of any Common Stock Equivalents and subsequent conversion, exchange or exercise thereof shall be deemed to have been issued at the time such securities were issued or such Common Stock Equivalents were issued and for a consideration equal to the consideration, if any, received by the Corporation for any such securities and related Common Stock Equivalents (excluding any cash received on account of accrued interest or accrued dividends), plus the minimum additional consideration, if any, to |
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| be received by the Corporation (without taking into account potential antidilution adjustments and without double counting for cancellation of indebtedness) upon the conversion, exchange or exercise of any Common Stock Equivalents (the consideration in each case to be determined in the manner provided in Article IV(C)1.4.5.1.4 above). |
| 1.4.5.1.5.2 | In the event of any change in the number of shares of Common Stock deliverable or in the consideration payable to the Corporation upon conversion, exchange or exercise of any Common Stock Equivalents, other than a change resulting from the antidilution provisions thereof, the Conversion Price of Series E Preferred Stock, to the extent in any way affected by or computed using such Common Stock Equivalents, shall be recomputed to reflect such change, but no further adjustment shall be made for the actual issuance of Common Stock or any payment of such consideration upon the conversion, exchange or exercise of such Common Stock Equivalents. |
| 1.4.5.1.5.3 | Upon the termination or expiration of the convertibility, exchangeability or exercisability of any Common Stock Equivalents, the Conversion Price of Series E Preferred Stock, to the extent in any way affected by or computed using such Common Stock Equivalents, shall be recomputed to reflect the issuance of only the number of shares of Common Stock (and Common Stock Equivalents that remain convertible, exchangeable or exercisable) actually issued upon the conversion, exchange or exercise of such Common Stock Equivalents. |
| 1.4.5.1.5.4 | The number of shares of Common Stock deemed issued and the consideration deemed paid therefor pursuant to Article IV(C)1.4.5.1.4 above shall be appropriately adjusted to reflect any change, termination or expiration of the type described in either Article IV(C)1.4.5.1.5.2 above or Article IV(C)1.4.5.1.5.3 above. |
| 1.4.5.1.6 | No Increased Conversion Price. Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Article IV(C)1.4.5.1, except to the limited extent provided for in Article IV(C)1.4.5.1.5.2 above and Article IV(C)1.4.5.1.5.3 above, no adjustment of the Conversion Price pursuant to this Article IV(C)1.4.5.1 shall have the effect of increasing the Conversion Price above the Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to such adjustment. |
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| 1.4.5.2 | Stock Splits and Combinations. In the event the Corporation should at any time after the filing date of this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation fix a record date for the effectuation of a split or subdivision of the outstanding shares of Common Stock, then, as of such record date (or the date of such split or subdivision if no record date is fixed), the Conversion Price of the Series E Preferred Stock that is convertible into the applicable series of Common Stock shall be appropriately proportionately decreased so that the number of shares of the applicable series of Common Stock issuable on conversion of each share of such Series E Preferred Stock shall be increased in proportion to such increase in the aggregate number of shares of the applicable series of Common Stock outstanding. If the number of shares of the applicable series of Common Stock outstanding at any time after the filing date of this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation is decreased by a combination of the outstanding shares of the applicable series of Common Stock, then, following the record date of such combination (or the date of such combination if no record date is fixed), the Conversion Price for the Series E Preferred Stock that is convertible into the applicable series of Common Stock shall be appropriately proportionally increased so that the number of shares of the applicable series of Common Stock issuable on conversion of each share of Series E Preferred Stock shall be decreased in proportion to such decrease in the aggregate number of shares of the applicable series of Common Stock outstanding. |
| 1.4.5.3 | Dividends. In the event the Corporation should at any time after the filing date of this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation fix a record date for the determination of holders of Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock entitled to receive a dividend or other distribution payable in additional shares of the applicable series of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents (such Common Stock Equivalents, if any, “Additional Common Stock Equivalents”) without payment of any consideration by such holder for the additional shares of the applicable series of Common Stock or the Additional Common Stock Equivalents (including the additional shares of the applicable series of Common Stock issuable upon conversion or exercise thereof), then, as of such record date (or the date of such dividend distribution if no record date is fixed), the Conversion Price of the Series E Preferred Stock that is convertible into the applicable series of Common Stock shall be appropriately proportionally decreased by multiplying the Conversion Price then in effect by a fraction: |
| 1.4.5.3.1 | the numerator of which shall be the total number of shares of the applicable series of Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the time of such issuance or the close of business on such record date, and |
| 1.4.5.3.2 | the denominator of which shall be the total number of shares of the applicable series of Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the time of such issuance or the close of business on such record date plus the number of shares of the applicable series of Common Stock issuable in payment of such dividend or distribution and those issuable with respect to such Additional Common Stock Equivalents. |
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| 1.4.5.3.3 | Notwithstanding the foregoing, (a) if such record date shall have been fixed and such dividend is not fully paid or if such distribution is not fully made on the date fixed therefor, the Conversion Price of the Series E Preferred Stock that is convertible into the applicable series of Common Stock shall be recomputed accordingly as of the close of business on such record date and thereafter the Conversion Price of the Series E Preferred Stock that is convertible into the applicable series of Common Stock shall be adjusted pursuant to this subsection as of the time of actual payment of such dividends or distributions; and (b) that no such adjustment shall be made if the holders of the Series E Preferred Stock simultaneously receive a dividend or other distribution of shares of the applicable series of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents in a number equal to the number of shares of the applicable series of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents as they would have received if all outstanding shares of the Series E Preferred Stock had been converted into the applicable series of Common Stock on the date of such event. |
| 1.4.6 | Other Distributions. In the event the Corporation shall declare a distribution payable in securities of other persons, evidences of indebtedness issued by the Corporation or other persons, assets (excluding cash dividends) or options or rights not referred to in Article IV(C)1.4.5.1 above or in Article IV(C)1.4.5.2 above, then, in each such case for the purpose of this Article IV(C)1.4.6, the holders of Series E Preferred Stock that is convertible into the applicable series of Common Stock shall be entitled to a proportionate share of any such distribution as though they were the holders of the number of shares of the applicable series of Common Stock of the Corporation into which their shares of Series E Preferred Stock are convertible as of the record date fixed for the determination of the holders of the applicable series of Common Stock of the Corporation entitled to receive such distribution (or the date of such distribution if no record date is fixed). |
| 1.4.7 | Recapitalizations. If at any time or from time to time there shall be a recapitalization of the Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock (other than a subdivision, combination or merger or sale of assets transaction provided for elsewhere in Article IV(C)1.2 above or this Article IV(C)1.4) provision shall be made so that the holders of Series E Preferred Stock that is convertible into the applicable series of Common Stock shall thereafter be entitled to receive upon conversion of such Series E Preferred Stock the number of shares of stock or other securities or property of the Corporation or otherwise, to which a holder of Common Stock deliverable upon conversion would have been entitled on such recapitalization. In any such case, appropriate adjustment shall be made in the application of the provisions of this Article IV(C)1.4 with respect to the rights of the holders of such Series E Preferred Stock after the recapitalization to the end that the provisions of this Article IV(C)1.4 (including adjustment of the Conversion Price then in effect and the number of shares issuable upon conversion of such Series E Preferred Stock) shall be applicable after that event and be as nearly equivalent as practicable. |
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| 1.4.8 | No Fractional Shares and Notices as to Adjustments. |
| 1.4.8.1 | No fractional shares shall be issued upon the conversion of any share or shares of Series E Preferred Stock, and the number of shares of the applicable series of Common Stock to be issued to a particular stockholder shall be rounded down to the nearest whole share. The number of shares issuable upon such conversion shall be determined on the basis of the total number of shares of Series E Preferred Stock the holder is at the time converting into the applicable series of Common Stock and the number of shares of the applicable series of Common Stock issuable upon such aggregate conversion. If the conversion would result in any fractional share, the Corporation shall, in lieu of issuing any such fractional share, upon demand by the stockholder otherwise entitled to such fractional share, pay the holder thereof an amount in cash equal to the fair market value of such fractional share on the date of conversion, as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors. |
| 1.4.8.2 | Upon the occurrence of each adjustment or readjustment of the Conversion Price of Series E Preferred Stock pursuant to this Article IV(C)1.4, the Corporation, at its expense, shall promptly compute such adjustment or readjustment in accordance with the terms hereof and prepare and furnish to each holder of such Series E Preferred Stock a notice setting forth such adjustment or readjustment and showing in detail the facts upon which such adjustment or readjustment is based. The Corporation shall, upon the written request at any time of any holder of such Series E Preferred Stock, furnish or cause to be furnished to such holder a notice setting forth (A) such adjustment and readjustment, (B) the Conversion Price for Series E Preferred Stock at the time in effect and (C) the number of shares of the applicable series of Common Stock and the amount, if any, of other property which at the time would be received upon the conversion of a share of Series E Preferred Stock. |
| 1.4.9 | Notices of Record Date. In the event of any taking by the Corporation of a record of the holders of any class of securities for the purpose of determining the holders thereof who are entitled to receive any dividend (other than a cash dividend) or other distribution, any right to subscribe for, purchase or otherwise acquire any shares of stock of any class or any other securities or property, or to receive any other right, the Corporation shall give to each holder of Series E Preferred Stock, at least 10 days prior to the date specified therein, a notice specifying the date on which any such record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution or right, and the amount and character of such dividend, distribution or right. |
| 1.4.10 | Reservation of Stock Issuable Upon Conversion. The Corporation shall at all times reserve and keep available out of its authorized but unissued shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock, solely for the purpose of effecting the conversion of the shares of Series E Preferred Stock that is convertible into the applicable series of Common Stock, such number of its shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock as shall from time to time be sufficient to effect the conversion of all outstanding shares of Series E Preferred Stock; and if at any time the number of authorized but unissued shares of Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock shall not be sufficient to effect the conversion of all then outstanding shares of Series E Preferred Stock, in addition to such other remedies as shall be available to the holder of such Series E Preferred Stock, the Corporation will take such corporate action as may, in the opinion of its counsel, be necessary to increase its authorized but unissued shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock to such number of shares as shall be sufficient for such purposes, including, without limitation, engaging in best efforts to obtain the requisite stockholder approval of any necessary amendment to this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. |
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| 1.4.11 | Notices. Any notice required by the provisions of this Article IV(C)1.4 to be given to the holders of shares of Series E Preferred Stock shall be deemed given if deposited in the U.S. mail, postage prepaid, and addressed to each holder of record at his address appearing on the books of the Corporation or delivered by electronic transmission to the holder of Series E Preferred Stock using the contact information previously provided by such holder to the Corporation. |
| 1.5 | Voting Rights and Powers. |
| 1.5.1 | Except as expressly provided by this Amended and Restated Certificate or as provided by law: |
| 1.5.1.1 | Subject to Sections 1.5.1.3 and 1.5.2, with respect to holders of Series E Preferred Stock, (A) (i) before the Class B Mandatory Conversion Time, each holder of Series E Preferred Stock shall be entitled to the number of votes based on the number of whole shares of Class B Common Stock into which its shares of Series E Preferred Stock could be converted, and (ii) after the Class B Mandatory Conversion Time, each holder of Series E Preferred Stock shall be entitled to the number of votes based on the number of whole shares of Class A Common Stock into which its shares of Series E Preferred Stock could be converted and, in each case, to notice of any stockholders’ meeting in accordance with the Bylaws of the Corporation, and (B) each holder of Series E Preferred Stock shall be entitled to vote together with the holders of the applicable series of Common Stock; and |
| 1.5.1.2 | Subject to Sections 1.5.1.3 and 1.5.2, if, with respect to a holder of Series E Preferred Stock, the Series E Individual Holder Class B Mandatory Conversion Time occurs prior to the Class B Mandatory Conversion Time, then, with respect to a holder of Series E Preferred Stock, after the Series E Individual Holder Class B Mandatory Conversion Time, (A) such holder of Series E Preferred Stock shall be entitled to the number of votes based on the number of whole shares of Class A Common Stock into which its shares of Series E Preferred Stock could be converted and to notice of any stockholders’ meeting in accordance with the Bylaws of the Corporation and (B) each holder of Series E Preferred Stock shall be entitled to vote together with the holders of Class A Common Stock. |
| 1.5.1.3 | Fractional votes shall not be permitted and any fractional votes on an as-converted basis (after aggregating all shares into which shares of Series E Preferred Stock held by each holder could be converted) shall be disregarded. |
| 1.5.2 | Notwithstanding the provisions of Article IV(C)1.5.1, Series E Preferred Stock shall not be entitled to vote with respect to the election of directors. |
| 1.6 | Series E Protective Provisions. For so long as shares of the Series E Preferred Stock remain outstanding, the Corporation shall not, either directly or indirectly by amendment, merger, consolidation or otherwise, do any of the following without (in addition to any other vote required by law or this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation) the written consent or affirmative vote of the Requisite Series E Holders given in writing or by |
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| vote at a meeting, consenting or voting (as the case may be) separately as a class, and any such act or transaction entered into without such consent or vote shall be null and void ab initio, and of no force or effect: |
| 1.6.1 | amend, alter or repeal any provision of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws of the Corporation in a manner that materially adversely affects the holders of the Series E Preferred Stock; |
| 1.6.2 | waive any of the rights, preferences, and privileges of the Series E Preferred Stock including contemplated waiver of Article IV(C)1.4.5; |
| 1.6.3 | waive the classification of a transaction as a Liquidation Transaction pursuant to Article IV(C)1.2.4.1 or any distribution of proceeds in connection with a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation, a merger or consolidation or Liquidation Transaction in accordance with Article IV(C)1.2; |
| 1.6.4 | amend, alter or repeal the definition of “Requisite Series E Holders” contained in Article IV(C)1.2.4.1; or |
| 1.6.5 | increase or decrease (other than by conversion) the total number of authorized shares of Series E Preferred Stock. |
| 1.7 | Status of Converted Stock. In the event any shares of Series E Preferred Stock shall be converted pursuant to Article IV(C)1.4 above hereof, the shares so converted shall be cancelled and shall not be issuable by the Corporation. The Corporation may take all such actions as are necessary to cause this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to be appropriately amended to effect the corresponding reduction in the Corporation’s authorized capital stock and the authorized shares of Series E Preferred Stock. |
| 1.8 | Waiver of Rights. Except as otherwise set forth in this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, any of the rights, powers, preferences and other terms of the Series E Preferred Stock set forth herein may be waived (either prospectively or retrospectively) on behalf of all holders of Series E Preferred Stock and with respect to all shares of Series E Preferred Stock only by the approval (by vote or written consent, as provided by law) of the holders of a majority of the shares of Series E Preferred Stock then outstanding. |
ARTICLE V
The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors.
1. Powers of the Board. In addition to the powers and authority expressly conferred upon them by applicable law or by this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws, the directors are hereby empowered to exercise all such powers and do all such acts and things as may be exercised or done by the Corporation.
2. Classification of the Board. Except as may be provided in a resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors providing for any series of Preferred Stock with respect to any directors elected (or to be elected) by the holders of such series and except as otherwise required by applicable law, the directors shall be divided into three classes, designated as Class I, Class II and Class III, as nearly equal in number as possible. Directors shall be assigned to each class in accordance with a resolution or resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors. Class I directors shall initially serve for a term expiring at the first annual meeting of stockholders following the Effective Time, Class II directors shall initially serve for a term expiring at the second annual meeting of stockholders following the Effective Time and Class III directors shall initially serve for a term expiring at the third annual meeting of stockholders following the Effective Time.
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At each annual meeting of stockholders commencing with the first annual meeting of stockholders following the Effective Time, the directors of the class to be elected at each annual meeting of stockholders shall be elected for a three-year term. If the total number of such directors is changed, any increase or decrease shall be apportioned among the classes so as to maintain the number of directors in each class as nearly equal as possible, and any such additional director of any class elected to fill a newly created directorship resulting from an increase in such class, in accordance with Section 5 of this Article V, shall hold office for a term that shall coincide with the remaining term of that class, but in no case shall a decrease in the total number of directors remove or shorten the term of any incumbent director. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 2 of this Article V, each director shall serve until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her death, resignation, disqualification, retirement, or removal.
3. Number of Directors. Except as may be provided in a resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors providing for any series of Preferred Stock with respect to any directors elected (or to be elected) by the holders of such series and except as otherwise required by applicable law, the total number of authorized directors constituting the Board of Directors shall be fixed from time to time exclusively by the Board of Directors pursuant to a resolution adopted by the Board of Directors.
4. Removal of Directors. Except as may be provided in a resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors providing for any series of Preferred Stock with respect to any directors elected (or to be elected) by the holders of such series and except as otherwise required by applicable law, for so long as the Board of Directors is classified, the Board of Directors or any individual director may be removed from office at any time, only for cause, by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation then entitled to vote generally in the election of directors.
5. Vacancies and Newly Created Directorships. Except as may be provided in a resolution or resolutions providing for any series of Preferred Stock with respect to any directors elected (or to be elected) by the holders of such series and except as otherwise required by applicable law, any vacancies on the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation, disqualification, retirement, removal or other causes and any newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the number of directors shall, unless the Board of Directors determines by resolution that any such vacancies or newly created directorships shall be filled by the stockholders, be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office, even though less than a quorum of the Board of Directors, and not by the stockholders. Any director elected in accordance with the preceding sentence shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of the director for which the vacancy was created or occurred and until such director’s successor shall have been elected and qualified or until such director’s death, resignation, disqualification, retirement, or removal.
6. Bylaws. Subject to any additional vote required by this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, in furtherance and not in limitation of the powers conferred by statute, the Board of Directors is expressly authorized to adopt, repeal, alter, amend or rescind the Bylaws. The affirmative vote of at least a majority of the Board of Directors then in office shall be required in order for the Board of Directors to adopt, repeal, alter, amend or rescind the Bylaws. The stockholders shall also have power to adopt, repeal, alter, amend or rescind the Bylaws. In addition to any vote of the holders of any class or series of stock of the Corporation required by applicable law or by this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (including any Preferred Stock outstanding at any time), such adoption, repeal, alteration, amendment or rescission of the Bylaws by the stockholders shall require the affirmative vote of the holders of at least sixty-six and two-third percent (66 2/3%) of the voting power of the then outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class.
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7. Elections of Directors. Elections of directors need not be by ballot unless the Bylaws shall so provide.
ARTICLE VI
Meetings of stockholders may be held within or without the State of Delaware, as the Bylaws may provide. The books of the Corporation may be kept outside the State of Delaware at such place or places as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors or in the Bylaws.
ARTICLE VII
Except as otherwise required by law, special meetings of the stockholders of the Corporation may be called only by or at the direction of the Board of Directors then in office, the Chairperson of the Board of Directors or the chief executive officer of the Corporation.
ARTICLE VIII
Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock, including Article IV(C)1, with respect to actions by the holders of shares of such series, (A) no action shall be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation except at a duly called annual or special meeting of stockholders and (B) no action shall be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation by written consent, except that the holders of Series E Preferred Stock may consent to the matters specified in Article IV(C)1.6 by written consent without a meeting. Advance notice of stockholder nominations for the election of directors and of business to be brought by stockholders before any meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation shall be given in the manner provided in the Bylaws.
ARTICLE IX
To the fullest extent permitted by law, a director or officer of the Corporation shall not be personally liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director or officer. If the General Corporation Law or any other law of the State of Delaware is amended after approval by the stockholders of this Article IX to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the personal liability of directors or officer, then the liability of a director or officer of the Corporation shall be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by the General Corporation Law as so amended. Any repeal or modification of the foregoing provisions of this Article IX by the stockholders of the Corporation shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a director or officer of the Corporation existing at the time of, or increase the liability of any director or officer of the Corporation with respect to any acts or omissions of such director or officer occurring prior to, such repeal or modification.
ARTICLE X
To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the Corporation is authorized to provide indemnification of (and advancement of expenses to) directors, officers, employees and agents of the Corporation (and any other persons to which General Corporation Law permits the Corporation to provide indemnification) through Bylaw provisions, agreements with such agents or other persons, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, in excess of the indemnification and advancement otherwise permitted by Section 145 of the General Corporation Law. Any amendment, repeal or modification of the foregoing provisions of this Article X shall not adversely affect any right or protection of any director, officer, employee or other agent of the Corporation existing at the time of such amendment, repeal or modification.
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ARTICLE XI
Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, (A) the Court of Chancery (the “Chancery Court”) of the State of Delaware (or, in the event that the Chancery Court does not have jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware or other state courts of the State of Delaware) shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action, suit or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation, (ii) any action, suit or proceeding asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or stockholder of the Corporation to the Corporation or to the Corporation’s stockholders, (iii) any action, suit or proceeding arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or the Bylaws of the Corporation or this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (as either may be amended from time to time) or (iv) any action, suit or proceeding asserting a claim against the Corporation governed by the internal affairs doctrine; and (B) subject to the preceding provisions of this Article XI, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause or causes of action arising under the Securities Act, including all causes of action asserted against any defendant to such complaint. If any action the subject matter of which is within the scope of clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence is filed in a court other than the courts in the State of Delaware (a “Foreign Action”) in the name of any stockholder, such stockholder shall be deemed to have consented to (x) the personal jurisdiction of the state and federal courts in the State of Delaware in connection with any action brought in any such court to enforce the provisions of clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence and (y) having service of process made upon such stockholder in any such action by service upon such stockholder’s counsel in the Foreign Action as agent for such stockholder.
Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in any security of the Corporation shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to this Article XI. This Article XI is intended to benefit and may be enforced by the Corporation, its officers and directors and stockholders, the underwriters to any offering giving rise to such complaint, and any other professional or entity whose profession gives authority to a statement made by that person or entity and who has prepared or certified any part of the documents underlying the offering. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the provisions of this Article XI shall not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act, or any other claim for which the federal courts of the United States have exclusive jurisdiction.
If any provision or provisions of this Article XI shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable as applied to any circumstance for any reason whatsoever, (A) the validity, legality and enforceability of such provisions in any other circumstance and of the remaining provisions of this Article XI (including, without limitation, each portion of any paragraph of this Article XI containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable that is not itself held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby and (B) the application of such provision to other persons or entities and circumstances shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.
ARTICLE XII
The Corporation reserves the right to amend or repeal any provision contained in this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation in the manner prescribed by the laws of the State of Delaware and all rights conferred upon stockholders are granted subject to this reservation; provided, however, that, notwithstanding any other provision of this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or any provision of law that might otherwise permit a lesser vote or no vote, but in addition to any vote of the holders of any class or series of the stock of the Corporation, and, as applicable, such other approvals of the Board of Directors, as are required by law or by this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, (A) the affirmative vote of the holders of sixty-six and two-third percent (66 2/3%) of the voting power of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, shall be required to amend or repeal, or adopt any provision of this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation inconsistent with, (i) Article IV, (ii) Article V, (iii) Article VIII, (iv) Article IX, (v) Article X, (vi) Article XI or (vii) this Article XII, and (B) for so long as any shares of Class B Common Stock are outstanding, the affirmative vote of the holders at least sixty-six and two-third percent (66 2/3%) of the shares of Class B Common Stock outstanding at the time of such vote, voting as a separate series, shall be required to amend or repeal, or adopt any provision of this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation inconsistent with (i) Section 2.1 of Part B of Article IV (only with respect to the number of votes for each share of Class B Common Stock held), (ii) Section 3.1 of Part B of Article IV (with the exception of 3.1.6), or (iii) this clause (B) of Article XII.
* * *
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation has been executed by a duly authorized officer of this corporation on this 23rd day of May, 2025.
| By: | /s/ Daniel Perez | |
| Daniel Perez | ||
| Chief Executive Officer |
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Exhibit 3.2
Amended and Restated Bylaws of
Hinge Health, Inc.
(a Delaware corporation)
as of May 23, 2025
Table of Contents
Page
| Article I – Corporate Offices |
1 | |||||||
|
|
1.1 |
Registered Office | 1 | |||||
| 1.2 |
Other Offices | 1 | ||||||
| Article II – Meetings of Stockholders |
1 | |||||||
| 2.1 |
Place of Meetings | 1 | ||||||
| 2.2 |
Annual Meeting | 1 | ||||||
| 2.3 |
Special Meeting | 1 | ||||||
| 2.4 |
Notice of Business to be Brought before a Meeting | 2 | ||||||
| 2.5 |
Notice of Nominations for Election to the Board | 6 | ||||||
| 2.6 | Additional Requirements for Valid Nomination of Candidates to Serve as Director and, if Elected, to be Seated as Directors | 9 | ||||||
| 2.7 |
Notice of Stockholders’ Meetings | 10 | ||||||
| 2.8 |
Quorum | 10 | ||||||
| 2.9 |
Adjourned Meeting; Notice | 11 | ||||||
| 2.10 |
Conduct of Business | 11 | ||||||
| 2.11 |
Voting | 11 | ||||||
| 2.12 |
Record Date for Stockholder Meetings and Other Purposes | 12 | ||||||
| 2.13 |
Proxies | 12 | ||||||
| 2.14 |
List of Stockholders Entitled to Vote | 13 | ||||||
| 2.15 |
Inspectors of Election | 13 | ||||||
| 2.16 |
Delivery to the Corporation | 14 | ||||||
| Article III – Directors |
14 | |||||||
| 3.1 |
Powers | 14 | ||||||
| 3.2 |
Number of Directors | 14 | ||||||
| 3.3 |
Election, Qualification and Term of Office of Directors | 14 | ||||||
| 3.4 |
Resignation and Vacancies | 14 | ||||||
| 3.5 |
Place of Meetings; Meetings by Telephone | 15 | ||||||
| 3.6 |
Regular Meetings | 15 | ||||||
| 3.7 |
Special Meetings; Notice | 15 | ||||||
| 3.8 |
Quorum | 16 | ||||||
| 3.9 |
Board Action without a Meeting | 16 | ||||||
| 3.10 |
Fees and Compensation of Directors | 16 | ||||||
| Article IV – Committees |
16 | |||||||
| 4.1 |
Committees of Directors | 16 | ||||||
| 4.2 |
Committee Minutes | 17 | ||||||
| 4.3 |
Meetings and Actions of Committees | 17 | ||||||
| 4.4 |
Subcommittees | 17 | ||||||
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
Page
| Article V – Officers |
17 | |||||||
| 5.1 |
Officers | 17 | ||||||
| 5.2 |
Appointment of Officers | 18 | ||||||
|
|
5.3 | Subordinate Officers | 18 | |||||
| 5.4 | Removal and Resignation of Officers | 18 | ||||||
| 5.5 | Vacancies in Offices | 18 | ||||||
| 5.6 | Representation of Shares of Other Corporations | 18 | ||||||
| 5.7 | Authority and Duties of Officers | 18 | ||||||
| 5.8 | Compensation | 19 | ||||||
| Article VI – Records |
19 | |||||||
| Article VII – General Matters |
19 | |||||||
| 7.1 | Execution of Corporate Contracts and Instruments | 19 | ||||||
| 7.2 | Stock Certificates | 19 | ||||||
| 7.3 | Special Designation of Certificates | 20 | ||||||
| 7.4 | Lost Certificates | 20 | ||||||
| 7.5 | Shares Without Certificates | 20 | ||||||
| 7.6 | Construction; Definitions | 20 | ||||||
| 7.7 | Dividends | 21 | ||||||
| 7.8 | Fiscal Year | 21 | ||||||
| 7.9 | Seal | 21 | ||||||
| 7.10 | Transfer of Stock | 21 | ||||||
| 7.11 | Stock Transfer Agreements | 21 | ||||||
| 7.12 | Registered Stockholders | 21 | ||||||
| 7.13 | Waiver of Notice | 22 | ||||||
| Article VIII – Notice |
22 | |||||||
| 8.1 | Delivery of Notice; Notice by Electronic Transmission | 22 | ||||||
| Article IX – Indemnification |
23 | |||||||
| 9.1 | Indemnification of Directors and Officers | 23 | ||||||
| 9.2 | Indemnification of Others | 23 | ||||||
| 9.3 | Prepayment of Expenses | 24 | ||||||
| 9.4 | Determination; Claim | 24 | ||||||
| 9.5 | Non-Exclusivity of Rights | 24 | ||||||
| 9.6 | Insurance | 24 | ||||||
| 9.7 | Other Indemnification | 24 | ||||||
| 9.8 | Continuation of Indemnification | 24 | ||||||
| 9.9 | Amendment or Repeal; Interpretation | 25 | ||||||
| Article X – Amendments |
25 | |||||||
| Article XI – Definitions |
26 | |||||||
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Amended and Restated Bylaws of
Hinge Health, Inc.
Article I – Corporate Offices
1.1 Registered Office.
The address of the registered office of Hinge Health, Inc. (the “Corporation”) in the State of Delaware, and the name of its registered agent at such address, shall be as set forth in the Corporation’s certificate of incorporation, as the same may be amended and/or restated from time to time (the “Certificate of Incorporation”).
1.2 Other Offices.
The Corporation may have additional offices at any place or places, within or outside the State of Delaware, as the Corporation’s board of directors (the “Board”) may from time to time establish or as the business of the Corporation may require.
Article II – Meetings of Stockholders
2.1 Place of Meetings.
Meetings of stockholders shall be held at such place, if any, within or outside the State of Delaware, designated by the Board. The Board may, in its sole discretion, determine that a meeting of stockholders shall not be held at any place, but may instead be held solely by means of remote communication as authorized by Section 211(a)(2) of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”). In the absence of any such designation or determination, stockholders’ meetings shall be held at the Corporation’s principal executive office.
2.2 Annual Meeting.
The Board shall designate the date and time of the annual meeting. At the annual meeting, directors shall be elected and other proper business properly brought before the meeting in accordance with Section 2.4 of these amended and restated bylaws of the Corporation (the “Bylaws”) may be transacted. The Board may postpone, reschedule or cancel any previously scheduled annual meeting of stockholders.
2.3 Special Meeting.
Special meetings of the stockholders may be called only by such persons and only in such manner as set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation.
No business may be transacted at any special meeting of stockholders other than the business specified in the notice of such meeting. The Board may postpone, reschedule or cancel any previously scheduled special meeting of stockholders.
2.4 Notice of Business to be Brought before a Meeting.
(a) At an annual meeting of the stockholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting. To be properly brought before an annual meeting, business must be (i) specified in a notice of meeting given by or at the direction of the Board, including by any committee or persons authorized to do so by the Board or these Bylaws, (ii) if not specified in a notice of meeting, otherwise brought before the meeting by the Board or the Chairperson of the Board or (iii) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by a stockholder present in person who (A) (1) was a record owner of shares of the Corporation both at the time of giving the notice provided for in this Section 2.4 and at the time of the meeting, (2) is entitled to vote at the meeting, and (3) has complied with this Section 2.4 in all applicable respects or (B) properly made such proposal in accordance with Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (as so amended and inclusive of such rules and regulations, the “Exchange Act”). The foregoing clause (iii) shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to propose business to be brought before an annual meeting of the stockholders. The only matters that may be brought before a special meeting are the matters specified in the notice of meeting given by or at the direction of the person calling the meeting pursuant to Section 2.3, and stockholders shall not be permitted to propose business to be brought before a special meeting of the stockholders. For purposes of this Section 2.4 and Section 2.5 of these Bylaws, “present in person” shall mean that the stockholder proposing that the business be brought before the annual meeting of the Corporation, or a qualified representative of such proposing stockholder, appears at such annual meeting. A “qualified representative” of such proposing stockholder shall be a duly authorized officer, manager or partner of such stockholder or any other person authorized by a writing executed by such stockholder or an electronic transmission delivered by such stockholder to act for such stockholder as proxy at the meeting of stockholders and such person must produce such writing or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction of the writing or electronic transmission, at the meeting of stockholders. Stockholders seeking to nominate persons for election to the Board must comply with Section 2.5 and Section 2.6 of these Bylaws and this Section 2.4 shall not be applicable to nominations except as expressly provided in Section 2.5 and Section 2.6 of these Bylaws.
(b) Without qualification, for business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, the stockholder must (i) provide Timely Notice (as defined below) thereof in writing and in proper form to the Secretary of the Corporation and (ii) provide any updates or supplements to such notice at the times and in the forms required by this Section 2.4. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to, or mailed and received at, the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than ninety (90) days nor more than one hundred twenty (120) days prior to the one-year anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting which, in the case of the first annual meeting of stockholders following the closing of the Corporation’s initial underwritten public offering of Class A common stock, the date of the preceding year’s annual meeting shall be deemed to be June 1; provided, however, that if the date of the annual meeting is more than thirty (30) days before or more than sixty (60) days after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so delivered, or mailed and received, not more than the hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to such annual meeting and not later than (i) the ninetieth (90th) day prior to such annual meeting or, (ii) if later, the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public disclosure of the date of such annual meeting was first made by the Corporation (such notice within such time periods, “Timely Notice”). In no event shall any adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting or the announcement thereof commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of Timely Notice as described above.
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(c) To be in proper form for purposes of this Section 2.4, a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary shall set forth:
(i) As to each Proposing Person (as defined below), (A) the name and address of such Proposing Person (including, if applicable, the name and address that appear on the Corporation’s books and records), (B) the class or series and number of shares of the Corporation that are, directly or indirectly, owned of record or beneficially owned (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act) by such Proposing Person, except that such Proposing Person shall in all events be deemed to beneficially own any shares of any class or series of the Corporation as to which such Proposing Person has a right to acquire beneficial ownership at any time in the future; (C) the date or dates such shares were acquired; (D) the investment intent of such acquisition and (E) any pledge by such Proposing Person with respect to any of such shares (the disclosures to be made pursuant to the foregoing clauses (A) through (E) are referred to as “Stockholder Information”);
(ii) As to each Proposing Person, (A) the material terms and conditions of any “derivative security” (as such term is defined in Rule 16a-1(c) under the Exchange Act) that constitutes a “call equivalent position” (as such term is defined in Rule 16a-1(b) under the Exchange Act) or a “put equivalent position” (as such term is defined in Rule 16a-1(h) under the Exchange Act) or other derivative or synthetic arrangement in respect of any class or series of shares of the Corporation (“Synthetic Equity Position”) that is, directly or indirectly, held or maintained by, held for the benefit of, or involving such Proposing Person, including, without limitation, (1) any option, warrant, convertible security, stock appreciation right, future or similar right with an exercise or conversion privilege or a settlement payment or mechanism at a price related to any class or series of shares of the Corporation or with a value derived in whole or in part from the value of any class or series of shares of the Corporation, (2) any derivative or synthetic arrangement having the characteristics of a long position or a short position in any class or series of shares of the Corporation, including, without limitation, a stock loan transaction, a stock borrow transaction, or a share repurchase transaction or (3) any contract, derivative, swap or other transaction or series of transactions designed to (x) produce economic benefits and risks that correspond substantially to the ownership of any class or series of shares of the Corporation, (y) mitigate any loss relating to, reduce the economic risk (of ownership or otherwise) of, or manage the risk of share price decrease in, any class or series of shares of the Corporation, or (z) increase or decrease the voting power in respect of any class or series of shares of the Corporation of such Proposing Person, including, without limitation, due to the fact that the value of such contract, derivative, swap or other transaction or series of transactions is determined by reference to the price, value or volatility of any class or series of shares of the Corporation, whether or not such instrument, contract or right shall be subject to settlement in the underlying class or series of shares of the Corporation, through the delivery of cash or other property, or otherwise, and without regard to whether the holder thereof may have entered into transactions that hedge or mitigate the economic effect of such instrument, contract or right, or any other direct or indirect opportunity to profit or share in any profit derived from any increase or decrease in the price or value of any class or series of shares of the Corporation; provided that, for the purposes of the definition of “Synthetic Equity Position,” the term “derivative security” shall also include any security or instrument that would not otherwise constitute a “derivative security” as a result of any feature that would make any conversion, exercise or similar right or privilege of such security or instrument becoming determinable only at some future date or upon the happening of a future occurrence, in which case the determination of the amount of securities into which such security or instrument would be convertible or exercisable shall be made assuming that such security or instrument is immediately convertible or exercisable at the time of such determination; and, provided, further, that any Proposing Person satisfying the requirements of Rule 13d-1(b)(1) under the Exchange Act (other than a Proposing Person that so satisfies Rule 13d-1(b)(1) under the Exchange Act solely by reason of Rule 13d-1(b)(1)(ii)(E)) shall not be required to disclose any Synthetic Equity Position that is, directly or indirectly, held or maintained by, held for the benefit of, or involving such Proposing Person as a hedge with respect to a bona fide derivatives trade or position of such Proposing Person arising in the ordinary course of such Proposing Person’s business as a derivatives dealer, (B) any rights to dividends on the shares of any class or series of shares of the Corporation owned beneficially by such Proposing Person that are separated or separable from the underlying shares of the Corporation, (C) any material pending or threatened legal proceeding in which such Proposing Person is a party or material participant involving the Corporation or any of its officers or directors, or any affiliate of the Corporation, (D) any other material relationship between such Proposing Person, on the one hand, and the Corporation or any affiliate of the Corporation, on the other hand, (E) any direct or indirect material interest in any material contract or agreement of such Proposing Person with the Corporation or any affiliate of the Corporation (including, in any such case, any employment agreement, collective bargaining agreement or consulting agreement), (F) any proportionate interest in shares of the Corporation or a Synthetic Equity Position held, directly or indirectly, by a general or limited partnership, limited liability company or similar entity in which any such Proposing Person (1) is a general partner or, directly or indirectly, beneficially owns an interest in a general partner of such general or limited partnership or (2) is the manager, managing member or, directly or indirectly, beneficially owns an interest in the manager or managing member of such limited liability company or similar entity; (G) a representation that such Proposing Person intends or is part of a group that intends to deliver a proxy statement or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the Corporation’s outstanding capital stock required to approve or adopt the proposal or otherwise solicit proxies from stockholders in support of such proposal and (H) any other information relating to such Proposing Person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies or consents by such Proposing Person in support of the business proposed to be brought before the meeting pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act (the disclosures to be made pursuant to the foregoing clauses (A) through (H) are referred to as “Disclosable Interests”); provided, however, that Disclosable Interests shall not include any such disclosures with respect to the ordinary course business activities of any broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other nominee who is a Proposing Person solely as a result of being the stockholder directed to prepare and submit the notice required by these Bylaws on behalf of a beneficial owner; and
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(iii) As to each item of business that the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting, (A) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting, the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting and any material interest in such business of each Proposing Person, (B) the text of the proposal or business (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration and in the event that such business includes a proposal to amend the Bylaws, the language of the proposed amendment), (C) a reasonably detailed description of all agreements, arrangements and understandings (x) between or among any of the Proposing Persons or (y) between or among any Proposing Person and any other person or entity (including their names) in connection with the proposal of such business by such stockholder, and (D) any other information relating to such item of business that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies in support of the business proposed to be brought before the meeting pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act; provided, however, that the disclosures required by this Section 2.4 (iii) shall not include any disclosures with respect to any broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other nominee who is a Proposing Person solely as a result of being the stockholder directed to prepare and submit the notice required by these Bylaws on behalf of a beneficial owner.
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For purposes of this Section 2.4, the term “Proposing Person” shall mean (i) the stockholder providing the notice of business proposed to be brought before an annual meeting, (ii) the beneficial owner or beneficial owners, if different, on whose behalf the notice of the business proposed to be brought before the annual meeting is made, and (iii) any participant (as defined in paragraphs (a)(ii)-(vi) of Instruction 3 to Item 4 of Schedule 14A) with such stockholder in such solicitation.
(d) The Board may request that any Proposing Person furnish such additional information as may be reasonably required by the Board. Such Proposing Person shall provide such additional information within ten (10) days after it has been requested by the Board.
(e) A Proposing Person shall update and supplement its notice to the Corporation of its intent to propose business at an annual meeting, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to this Section 2.4 shall be true and correct as of the record date for stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting and as of the date that is ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than five (5) business days after the record date for stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of such record date), and not later than eight (8) business days prior to the date for the meeting or, if practicable, any adjournment or postponement thereof (and, if not practicable, on the first practicable date prior to the date to which the meeting has been adjourned or postponed) (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof). For the avoidance of doubt, the obligation to update and supplement as set forth in this paragraph or any other Section of these Bylaws shall not limit the Corporation’s rights with respect to any deficiencies in any notice provided by a stockholder, extend any applicable deadlines hereunder or enable or be deemed to permit a stockholder who has previously submitted notice hereunder to amend or update any proposal or to submit any new proposal, including by changing or adding matters, business or resolutions proposed to be brought before a meeting of the stockholders.
(f) Notwithstanding anything in these Bylaws to the contrary, no business shall be conducted at an annual meeting that is not properly brought before the meeting in accordance with this Section 2.4. The presiding officer of the meeting (or, in advance of any meeting of the stockholders, the Board) may determine whether any business was properly brought before the meeting in accordance with this Section 2.4, and, if any such business was not proposed in compliance with this Section 2.4, declare that such business shall not be transacted.
(g) This Section 2.4 is expressly intended to apply to any business proposed to be brought before an annual meeting of stockholders other than any proposal made in accordance with Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act and included in the Corporation’s proxy statement. In addition to the requirements of this Section 2.4 with respect to any business proposed to be brought before an annual meeting, each Proposing Person shall comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act with respect to any such business. Nothing in this Section 2.4 shall be deemed to affect the rights of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the Corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act.
(h) For purposes of these Bylaws, “public disclosure” shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by a national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Sections 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.
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2.5 Notice of Nominations for Election to the Board.
(a) Nominations of any person for election to the Board at an annual meeting or at a special meeting (but only if the election of directors is a matter specified in the notice of meeting given by or at the direction of the person calling such special meeting) may be made at such meeting only (i) by or at the direction of the Board, including by any committee or persons authorized to do so by the Board or these Bylaws, or (ii) by a stockholder present in person who (A) was a record owner of shares of the Corporation both at the time of giving the notice provided for in this Section 2.5 and at the time of the meeting, (B) is entitled to vote at the meeting, and (C) has complied with this Section 2.5 and Section 2.6 as to such notice and nomination. For purposes of this Section 2.5, “present in person” shall mean that the stockholder nominating any person for election to the Board at the meeting of the Corporation, or a qualified representative of such stockholder, appear at such meeting. A “qualified representative” of such proposing stockholder shall be a duly authorized officer, manager or partner of such stockholder or any other person authorized by a writing executed by such stockholder or an electronic transmission delivered by such stockholder to act for such stockholder as proxy at the meeting of stockholders and such person must produce such writing or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction of the writing or electronic transmission, at the meeting of stockholders. The foregoing clause (ii) shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to make any nomination of a person or persons for election to the Board at an annual meeting or special meeting.
(b) (i) Without qualification, for a stockholder to make any nomination of a person or persons for election to the Board at an annual meeting, the stockholder must (1) provide Timely Notice (as defined in Section 2.4) thereof in writing and in proper form to the Secretary of the Corporation, (2) provide the information, agreements and questionnaires with respect to such stockholder and its candidate for nomination as required to be set forth by this Section 2.5 and Section 2.6 and (3) provide any updates or supplements to such notice at the times and in the forms required by this Section 2.5 and Section 2.6.
(ii) Without qualification, if the election of directors is a matter specified in the notice of meeting given by or at the direction of the person calling a special meeting, then for a stockholder to make any nomination of a person or persons for election to the Board at a special meeting, the stockholder must (i) provide timely notice thereof (such notice, the “Special Meeting Nomination Timely Notice”) in writing and in proper form to the Secretary of the Corporation at the principal executive offices of the Corporation, (ii) provide the information with respect to such stockholder and its candidate for nomination as required by this Section 2.5 and Section 2.6 and (iii) provide any updates or supplements to such notice at the times and in the forms required by this Section 2.5. To be a Special Meeting Nomination Timely Notice, a stockholder’s notice for nominations to be made at a special meeting must be delivered to, or mailed and received at, the principal executive offices of the Corporation not earlier than the one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to such special meeting and not later than the ninetieth (90th) day prior to such special meeting or, if later, the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public disclosure (as defined in Section 2.4) of the date of such special meeting was first made.
(iii) In no event shall any adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting or special meeting or the announcement thereof commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above.
(iv) In no event may a Nominating Person provide Timely Notice or a Special Meeting Nomination Timely Notice, as the case may be, with respect to a greater number of director candidates than are subject to election by stockholders at the applicable meeting. If the Corporation shall, subsequent to such notice, increase the number of directors subject to election at the meeting, such notice as to any additional nominees shall be due on the later of (i) the conclusion of the time period for Timely Notice or Special Meeting Nomination Timely Notice, as the case may be, (ii) the date set forth in Section 2.5(b)(ii) or (iii) the tenth day following the date of public disclosure (as defined in Section 2.4) of such increase.
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(c) To be in proper form for purposes of this Section 2.5, a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary shall set forth:
(i) As to each Nominating Person (as defined below), the Stockholder Information (as defined in Section 4(c)(i), except that for purposes of this Section 2.5 the term “Nominating Person” shall be substituted for the term “Proposing Person” in all places it appears in Section 2.4(c)(i));
(ii) As to each Nominating Person, any Disclosable Interests (as defined in Section 2.4(c)(ii), except that for purposes of this Section 2.5 the term “Nominating Person” shall be substituted for the term “Proposing Person” in all places it appears in Section 2.4(c)(ii) and the disclosure with respect to the business to be brought before the meeting in Section 2.4(c)(ii) shall be made with respect to the election of directors at the meeting); and provided that, in lieu of including the information set forth in Section 2.4(c)(ii)(G), the Nominating Person’s notice for purposes of this Section 2.5 shall include a representation as to whether the Nominating Person intends or is part of a group which intends to deliver a proxy statement and solicit the holders of shares representing at least 67% of the voting power of shares entitled to vote on the election of directors in support of director nominees other than the Corporation’s nominees in accordance with Rule 14a-19 promulgated under the Exchange Act; and
(iii) As to each candidate whom a Nominating Person proposes to nominate for election as a director, (A) all information relating to such candidate for nomination that is required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors in a contested election pursuant to Section 14(a) under the Exchange Act (including such candidate’s written consent to being named in a proxy statement and accompanying proxy card relating to the Corporation’s next meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected and to serving as a director for a full term if elected), (B) a description of any direct or indirect material interest in any material contract or agreement between or among any Nominating Person, on the one hand, and each candidate for nomination or his or her respective associates or any other participants in such solicitation, on the other hand, including, without limitation, all information that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 under Regulation S-K if such Nominating Person were the “registrant” for purposes of such rule and the candidate for nomination were a director or executive officer of such registrant (the disclosures to be made pursuant to the foregoing clauses (A) and (B) are referred to as “Nominee Information”), and (C) a completed and signed questionnaire, representation and agreement as provided in Section 2.6(a).
For purposes of this Section 2.5, the term “Nominating Person” shall mean (i) the stockholder providing the notice of the nomination proposed to be made at the meeting, (ii) the beneficial owner or beneficial owners, if different, on whose behalf the notice of the nomination proposed to be made at the meeting is made, and (iii) any participant (as defined in paragraphs (a)(ii)-(vi) of Instruction 3 to Item 4 of Schedule 14A) with such stockholder in such solicitation.
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(d) The Board may request that any Nominating Person furnish such additional information as may be reasonably required by the Board. Such Nominating Person shall provide such additional information within ten (10) days after it has been requested by the Board.
(e) A stockholder providing notice of any nomination proposed to be made at a meeting shall further update and supplement such notice, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to this Section 2.5 shall be true and correct as of the record date for stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting and as of the date that is ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than five (5) business days after the record date for stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of such record date), and not later than eight (8) business days prior to the date for the meeting or, if practicable, any adjournment or postponement thereof (and, if not practicable, on the first practicable date prior to the date to which the meeting has been adjourned or postponed) (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof). For the avoidance of doubt, the obligation to update and supplement as set forth in this paragraph or any other Section of these Bylaws shall not limit the Corporation’s rights with respect to any deficiencies in any notice provided by a stockholder, extend any applicable deadlines hereunder or enable or be deemed to permit a stockholder who has previously submitted notice hereunder to amend or update any nomination or to submit any new nomination.
(f) In addition to the requirements of this Section 2.5 with respect to any nomination proposed to be made at a meeting, each Nominating Person shall comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act with respect to any such nominations. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.5, unless otherwise required by law, (i) no Nominating Person shall solicit proxies in support of director nominees other than the Corporation’s nominees unless such Nominating Person has complied with Rule 14a-19 promulgated under the Exchange Act in connection with the solicitation of such proxies, including the provision to the Corporation of notices required thereunder in a timely manner and (ii) if any Nominating Person (1) provides notice pursuant to Rule 14a-19(b) promulgated under the Exchange Act and (2) subsequently fails to comply with the requirements of Rule 14a-19(a)(2) or Rule 14a-19(a)(3) promulgated under the Exchange Act, including the provision to the Corporation of notices required thereunder in a timely manner, or fails to timely provide reasonable evidence sufficient to satisfy the Corporation that such Nominating Person has met the requirements of Rule 14a-19(a)(3) promulgated under the Exchange Act in accordance with the following sentence, then the nomination of each such proposed nominee shall be disregarded, notwithstanding that the nominee is included as a nominee in the Corporation’s proxy statement, notice of meeting or other proxy materials for any annual meeting (or any supplement thereto) and notwithstanding that proxies or votes in respect of the election of such proposed nominees may have been received by the Corporation (which proxies and votes shall be disregarded). If any Nominating Person provides notice pursuant to Rule 14a-19(b) promulgated under the Exchange Act, such Nominating Person shall deliver to the Corporation, no later than seven (7) business days prior to the applicable meeting, reasonable evidence that it has met the requirements of Rule 14a-19(a)(3) promulgated under the Exchange Act.
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2.6 Additional Requirements for Valid Nomination of Candidates to Serve as Director and, if Elected, to be Seated as Directors.
(a) To be eligible to be a candidate for election as a director of the Corporation at an annual or special meeting, a candidate must be nominated in the manner prescribed in Section 2.5 and the candidate for nomination, whether nominated by the Board or by a stockholder of record, must have previously delivered (in accordance with the time period prescribed for delivery in a notice to such candidate given by or on behalf of the Board), to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation, (i) a completed written questionnaire (in the form provided by the Corporation upon written request of any stockholder of record therefor) with respect to the background, qualifications, stock ownership and independence of such proposed nominee and (ii) a written representation and agreement (in the form provided by the Corporation upon written request of any stockholder of record therefor) that such candidate for nomination (A) is not and, if elected as a director during his or her term of office, will not become a party to (1) any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given and will not give any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as to how such proposed nominee, if elected as a director of the Corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question (a “Voting Commitment”) or (2) any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with such proposed nominee’s ability to comply, if elected as a director of the Corporation, with such proposed nominee’s fiduciary duties under applicable law, (B) is not, and will not become a party to, any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the Corporation with respect to any direct or indirect compensation or reimbursement for service as a director that has not been disclosed therein or to the Corporation, (C) if elected as a director of the Corporation, will comply with all applicable corporate governance, conflict of interest, confidentiality, stock ownership and trading and other policies and guidelines of the Corporation applicable to directors and in effect during such person’s term in office as a director (and, if requested by any candidate for nomination, the Secretary of the Corporation shall provide to such candidate for nomination all such policies and guidelines then in effect), and (D) if elected as director of the Corporation, intends to serve the entire term until the next meeting at which such candidate would face re-election.
(b) The Board may also require any proposed candidate for nomination as a director to furnish such other information as may reasonably be requested by the Board in writing prior to the meeting of stockholders at which such candidate’s nomination is to be acted upon to determine whether such proposed nominee is qualified under the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws, the rules or regulations of any stock exchange applicable to the Corporation, or any law or regulation applicable to the Corporation to serve as a director and/or independent director of the Corporation. Such other information shall be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation (or any other office specified by the Corporation in any public announcement) not later than five (5) business days after the request by the Board has been delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Nominating Person.
(c) A candidate for nomination as a director shall further update and supplement the materials delivered pursuant to this Section 2.6, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided pursuant to this Section 2.6 shall be true and correct as of the record date for stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting and as of the date that is ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation (or any other office specified by the Corporation in any public announcement) not later than five (5) business days after the record date for stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of such record date), and not later than eight (8) business days prior to the date for the meeting or, if practicable, any adjournment or postponement thereof (and, if not practicable, on the first practicable date prior to the date to which the meeting has been adjourned or postponed) (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof). For the avoidance of doubt, the obligation to update and supplement as set forth in this paragraph or any other Section of these Bylaws shall not limit the Corporation’s rights with respect to any deficiencies in any notice provided by a stockholder, extend any applicable deadlines hereunder or enable or be deemed to permit a stockholder who has previously submitted notice hereunder to amend or update any nomination or to submit any new proposal, including by changing or adding nominees, matters, business or resolutions proposed to be brought before a meeting of the stockholders.
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(d) No candidate shall be eligible for nomination as a director of the Corporation unless such candidate for nomination and the Nominating Person seeking to place such candidate’s name in nomination has complied with Section 2.5 and this Section 2.6, as applicable. The presiding officer at the meeting (or, in advance on any meeting of stockholders, the Board) may determine whether a nomination was properly made in accordance with Section 2.5 and this Section 2.6, and, if any proposed nomination was not made in compliance with Section 2.5 and this Section 2.6, declare that such defective nomination shall be disregarded and any ballots cast for the candidate in question (but in the case of any form of ballot listing other qualified nominees, only the ballots cast for the nominee in question) shall be void and of no force or effect.
(e) Notwithstanding anything in these Bylaws to the contrary, no candidate for nomination shall be eligible to be seated as a director of the Corporation unless nominated and elected in accordance with Section 2.5 and this Section 2.6
2.7 Notice of Stockholders’ Meetings.
Unless otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the notice of any meeting of stockholders shall be sent or otherwise given in accordance with Section 8.1 of these Bylaws not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting as of the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting. The notice shall specify the place, if any, date and time of the meeting, the means of remote communication, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, if such date is different from the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting, and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called.
2.8 Quorum.
Unless otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the holders of a majority in voting power of the stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote at the meeting, present in person, or by remote communication, if applicable, or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at all meetings of the stockholders. Where a separate vote by class or series is required, the presence in person or by proxy of the holders of a majority in voting power of the outstanding shares of such class or series shall be necessary and sufficient to constitute a quorum with respect to that matter. A quorum, once established at a meeting, shall not be broken by the withdrawal of enough votes to leave less than a quorum. If, however, a quorum is not present or represented at any meeting of the stockholders, then either (i) the person presiding over the meeting or (ii) a majority in voting power of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, present in person, or by remote communication, if applicable, or represented by proxy, shall have power to recess the meeting or adjourn the meeting from time to time in the manner provided in Section 2.9 of these Bylaws until a quorum is present or represented. At any recessed or adjourned meeting at which a quorum is present or represented, any business may be transacted that might have been transacted at the meeting as originally noticed.
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2.9 Adjourned Meeting; Notice.
When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place, unless these Bylaws otherwise require, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time, place, if any, thereof, and the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such adjourned meeting are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken or are provided in any other manner permitted by the DGCL. At any adjourned meeting, the Corporation may transact any business that might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting. If after the adjournment a new record date for determination of stockholders entitled to vote is fixed for the adjourned meeting, the Board shall fix as the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of such adjourned meeting the same or an earlier date as that fixed for determination of stockholders entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting, and shall give notice of the adjourned meeting to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting as of the record date so fixed for notice of such adjourned meeting.
2.10 Conduct of Business.
Meetings of stockholders shall be presided over by the Chairperson of the Board, if any, or in his or her absence by a director or officer designated by the Board. The date and time of the opening and the closing of the polls for each matter upon which the stockholders will vote at a meeting shall be announced at the meeting by the person presiding over the meeting. The Board may adopt by resolution such rules and regulations for the conduct of the meeting of stockholders as it shall deem appropriate. Except to the extent inconsistent with such rules and regulations as adopted by the Board, the person presiding over any meeting of stockholders shall have the right and authority to convene and (for any or no reason) to recess and/or adjourn the meeting, to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures (which need not be in writing) and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such presiding person, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting. Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the Board or prescribed by the person presiding over the meeting, may include, without limitation, the following: (i) the establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting; (ii) rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present (including, without limitation, rules and procedures for removal of disruptive persons from the meeting); (iii) limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting to stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, their duly authorized and constituted proxies or such other persons as the person presiding over the meeting shall determine; (iv) restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; and (v) limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants. The presiding person at any meeting of stockholders, in addition to making any other determinations that may be appropriate to the conduct of the meeting (including, without limitation, determinations with respect to the administration and/or interpretation of any of the rules, regulations or procedures of the meeting, whether adopted by the Board or prescribed by the person presiding over the meeting), may determine whether any business was properly brought before the meeting and if any such business was not properly brought before the meeting, declare that such business shall not be transacted or considered. Unless and to the extent determined by the Board or the person presiding over the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure.
2.11 Voting.
Except as may be otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws or the DGCL, each stockholder shall be entitled to one (1) vote for each share of capital stock held by such stockholder.
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Except as otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation, at all duly called or convened meetings of stockholders at which a quorum is present, for the election of directors, a plurality of the votes cast shall be sufficient to elect a director. Except as otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws, the rules or regulations of any stock exchange applicable to the Corporation, or applicable law or pursuant to any regulation applicable to the Corporation or its securities, each other matter presented to the stockholders at a duly called or convened meeting at which a quorum is present shall be decided by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority in voting power of the votes cast (excluding abstentions and broker non-votes) on such matter.
2.12 Record Date for Stockholder Meetings and Other Purposes.
In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the Board may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board, and which record date shall, unless otherwise required by law, not be more than sixty (60) days nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting. If the Board so fixes a date, such date shall also be the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting unless the Board determines, at the time it fixes such record date, that a later date on or before the date of the meeting shall be the date for making such determination. If no record date is fixed by the Board, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be the close of business on the next day preceding the day on which notice is first given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board may fix a new record date for determination of stockholders entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting; and in such case shall also fix as the record date for stockholders entitled to notice of such adjourned meeting the same or an earlier date as that fixed for determination of stockholders entitled to vote in accordance herewith at the adjourned meeting.
In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment or any rights or the stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of capital stock, or for the purposes of any other lawful action, the Board may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall be not more than sixty (60) days prior to such action. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board adopts the resolution relating thereto.
2.13 Proxies.
Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder by proxy authorized by an instrument in writing or by a transmission permitted by law, including Rule 14a-19 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, filed in accordance with the procedure established for the meeting, but no such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three (3) years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. The revocability of a proxy that states on its face that it is irrevocable shall be governed by the provisions of Section 212 of the DGCL. A proxy may be in the form of an electronic transmission which sets forth or is submitted with information from which it can be determined that the transmission was authorized by the stockholder.
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Any stockholder directly or indirectly soliciting proxies from other stockholders must use a proxy card color other than white, which shall be reserved for the exclusive use by the Board.
2.14 List of Stockholders Entitled to Vote.
The Corporation shall prepare, no later than the tenth day before each meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting (provided, however, that if the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote is less than ten (10) days before the date of the meeting, the list shall reflect the stockholders entitled to vote as of the tenth day before the meeting date), arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. The Corporation shall not be required to include electronic mail addresses or other electronic contact information on such list. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting for a period of ten (10) days ending on the day before the meeting date: (i) on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of the meeting, or (ii) during ordinary business hours, at the Corporation’s principal executive office. In the event that the Corporation determines to make the list available on an electronic network, the Corporation may take reasonable steps to ensure that such information is available only to stockholders of the Corporation. Such list shall presumptively determine the identity of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting and the number of shares held by each of them. Except as otherwise provided by law, the stock ledger shall be the only evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine the list of stockholders required by this Section 2.14 or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of stockholders.
2.15 Inspectors of Election.
Before any meeting of stockholders, the Corporation shall appoint an inspector or inspectors of election to act at the meeting or its adjournment and make a written report thereof. The Corporation may designate one or more persons as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. If any person appointed as inspector or any alternate fails to appear or fails or refuses to act, then the person presiding over the meeting shall appoint a person to fill that vacancy.
Such inspectors shall:
(i) determine the number of shares outstanding and the voting power of each, the number of shares represented at the meeting and the validity of any proxies and ballots;
(ii) count all votes or ballots;
(iii) count and tabulate all votes;
(iv) determine and retain for a reasonable period a record of the disposition of any challenges made to any determination by the inspector(s); and
(v) certify its or their determination of the number of shares represented at the meeting and its or their count of all votes and ballots.
Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of the duties of inspector, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspection with strict impartiality and according to the best of such inspector’s ability. Any report or certificate made by the inspectors of election is prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein. The inspectors of election may appoint such persons to assist them in performing their duties as they determine.
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2.16 Delivery to the Corporation.
Whenever this Article II requires one or more persons (including a record or beneficial owner of stock) to deliver a document or information to the Corporation or any officer, employee or agent thereof (including any notice, request, questionnaire, revocation, representation or other document or agreement), such document or information shall be in writing exclusively (and not in an electronic transmission) and shall be delivered exclusively by hand (including, without limitation, overnight courier service) or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, and the Corporation shall not be required to accept delivery of any document not in such written form or so delivered. For the avoidance of doubt, the Corporation expressly opts out of Section 116 of the DGCL with respect to the delivery of information and documents to the Corporation required by this Article II.
Article III – Directors
3.1 Powers.
Except as otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation or the DGCL, the business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board.
3.2 Number of Directors.
Subject to the Certificate of Incorporation, the total number of directors constituting the Board shall be determined from time to time by resolution of the Board. No reduction of the authorized number of directors shall have the effect of removing any director before that director’s term of office expires.
3.3 Election, Qualification and Term of Office of Directors.
Except as provided in Section 3.4 of these Bylaws, and subject to the Certificate of Incorporation, each director, including a director elected to fill a vacancy or newly created directorship, shall hold office until the expiration of the term of the class, if any, for which elected and until such director’s successor is elected and qualified or until such director’s earlier death, resignation, disqualification or removal. Directors need not be stockholders. The Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws may prescribe qualifications for directors.
3.4 Resignation and Vacancies.
Any director may resign at any time upon notice given in writing or by electronic transmission to the Corporation. The resignation shall take effect at the time specified therein or upon the happening of an event specified therein, and if no time or event is specified, at the time of its receipt. When one or more directors so resigns and the resignation is effective at a future date or upon the happening of an event to occur on a future date, a majority of the directors then in office, including those who have so resigned, shall have power to fill such vacancy or vacancies, the vote thereon to take effect when such resignation or resignations shall become effective, and each director so chosen shall hold office as provided in Section 3.3.
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Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, vacancies resulting from the death, resignation, disqualification or removal of any director, and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors shall be filled solely by a majority of the directors then in office, even if less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director, and shall not be filled by the stockholders unless the Board determines that such newly created directorship or vacancy will be filled by the stockholders.
3.5 Place of Meetings; Meetings by Telephone.
The Board may hold meetings, both regular and special, either within or outside the State of Delaware.
Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, members of the Board, or any committee designated by the Board, may participate in a meeting of the Board, or any committee, by means of conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and such participation in a meeting pursuant to these Bylaws shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.
3.6 Regular Meetings.
Regular meetings of the Board may be held within or outside the State of Delaware and at such time and at such place as which has been designated by the Board and publicized among all directors, either orally or in writing, by telephone, including a voice-messaging system or other system designed to record and communicate messages, facsimile, or by electronic mail or other means of electronic transmission. No further notice shall be required for regular meetings of the Board.
3.7 Special Meetings; Notice.
Special meetings of the Board for any purpose or purposes may be called at any time by the chairperson of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Secretary or a majority of the total number of directors constituting the Board.
Notice of the time and place of special meetings shall be:
(i) delivered personally by hand, by courier, or by telephone;
(ii) sent by United States first-class mail, postage prepaid;
(iii) sent by facsimile or electronic mail; or
(iv) sent by other means of electronic transmission,
directed to each director at that director’s address, telephone number, facsimile number, or electronic mail address, or other address for electronic transmission, as the case may be, as shown on the Corporation’s records.
If the notice is (i) delivered personally by hand, by courier or by telephone, (ii) sent by facsimile or electronic mail, or (iii) sent by other means of electronic transmission, it shall be delivered or sent at least twenty-four (24) hours before the time of the holding of the meeting. If the notice is sent by U.S. mail, it shall be deposited in the U.S. mail at least four (4) days before the time of the holding of the meeting. The notice need not specify the place of the meeting (if the meeting is to be held at the Corporation’s principal executive office) nor the purpose of the meeting.
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3.8 Quorum.
At all meetings of the Board, unless otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation, a majority of the total number of directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. The vote of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board, except as may be otherwise specifically provided by statute, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws. If a quorum is not present at any meeting of the Board, then the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum is present.
3.9 Board Action without a Meeting.
Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board, or of any committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission. After an action is taken, the consent or consents relating thereto shall be filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Board, or the committee thereof, in the same paper or electronic form as the minutes are maintained. Such action by written consent or consent by electronic transmission shall have the same force and effect as a unanimous vote of the Board.
3.10 Fees and Compensation of Directors.
Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the Board shall have the authority to fix the compensation, including fees and reimbursement of expenses, of directors for services to the Corporation in any capacity.
Article IV – Committees
4.1 Committees of Directors.
The Board may designate one (1) or more committees, each committee to consist, of one (1) or more of the directors of the Corporation. The Board may designate one (1) or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not such member or members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. Any such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the Board or in these Bylaws, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers that may require it; but no such committee shall have the power or authority to (i) approve or adopt, or recommend to the stockholders, any action or matter (other than the election or removal of directors) expressly required by the DGCL to be submitted to stockholders for approval, or (ii) adopt, amend or repeal any bylaw of the Corporation.
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4.2 Committee Minutes.
Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the Board when required.
4.3 Meetings and Actions of Committees.
Meetings and actions of committees shall be governed by, and held and taken in accordance with, the provisions of:
(i) Section 3.5 (place of meetings; meetings by telephone);
(ii) Section 3.6 (regular meetings);
(iii) Section 3.7 (special meetings; notice);
(iv) Section 3.9 (board action without a meeting); and
(v) Section 7.13 (waiver of notice),
with such changes in the context of those Bylaws as are necessary to substitute the committee and its members for the Board and its members. However:
(i) the time of regular meetings of committees may be determined either by resolution of the Board or by resolution of the committee;
(ii) special meetings of committees may also be called by resolution of the Board or the chairperson of the applicable committee; and
(iii) the Board may adopt rules for the governance of any committee to override the provisions that would otherwise apply to the committee pursuant to this Section 4.3, provided that such rules do not violate the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation or applicable law.
4.4 Subcommittees.
Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws or the resolutions of the Board designating the committee, a committee may create one (1) or more subcommittees, each subcommittee to consist of one (1) or more members of the committee, and delegate to a subcommittee any or all of the powers and authority of the committee.
Article V – Officers
5.1 Officers.
The officers of the Corporation shall include a Chief Executive Officer, a President and a Secretary. The Corporation may also have, at the discretion of the Board, a Chairperson of the Board, a Vice Chairperson of the Board, a Chief Financial Officer, a Treasurer, one (1) or more Vice Presidents, one (1) or more Assistant Vice Presidents, one (1) or more Assistant Treasurers, one (1) or more Assistant Secretaries, and any such other officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of these Bylaws. Any number of offices may be held by the same person. No officer need be a stockholder or director of the Corporation.
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5.2 Appointment of Officers.
The Board shall appoint the officers of the Corporation, except such officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 5.3 of these Bylaws.
5.3 Subordinate Officers.
The Board may appoint, or empower the Chief Executive Officer or, in the absence of a Chief Executive Officer, the President, to appoint, such other officers and agents as the business of the Corporation may require. Each of such officers and agents shall hold office for such period, have such authority, and perform such duties as are provided in these Bylaws or as the Board may from time to time determine.
5.4 Removal and Resignation of Officers.
Subject to the rights, if any, of an officer under any contract of employment, any officer may be removed, either with or without cause, by the Board or, except in the case of an officer chosen by the Board, by any officer upon whom such power of removal may be conferred by the Board.
Any officer may resign at any time by giving notice in writing or by electronic transmission to the Corporation. Any resignation shall take effect at the date of the receipt of that notice or at any later time specified in that notice. Unless otherwise specified in the notice of resignation, the acceptance of the resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. Any resignation is without prejudice to the rights, if any, of the Corporation under any contract to which the officer is a party.
5.5 Vacancies in Offices.
Any vacancy occurring in any office of the Corporation shall be filled by the Board or as provided in Section 5.2.
5.6 Representation of Shares of Other Corporations.
The Chairperson of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, or the President of this Corporation, or any other person authorized by the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the President, is authorized to vote, represent and exercise on behalf of this Corporation all rights incident to any and all shares or voting securities of any other corporation or other person standing in the name of this Corporation. The authority granted herein may be exercised either by such person directly or by any other person authorized to do so by proxy or power of attorney duly executed by such person having the authority.
5.7 Authority and Duties of Officers.
All officers of the Corporation shall respectively have such authority and perform such duties in the management of the business of the Corporation as may be provided herein or designated from time to time by the Board and, to the extent not so provided, as generally pertain to their respective offices, subject to the control of the Board.
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5.8 Compensation.
The compensation of the officers of the Corporation for their services as such shall be fixed from time to time by or at the direction of the Board. An officer of the Corporation shall not be prevented from receiving compensation by reason of the fact that he or she is also a director of the Corporation.
Article VI – Records
A stock ledger consisting of one or more records in which the names of all of the Corporation’s stockholders of record, the address and number of shares registered in the name of each such stockholder, and all issuances and transfers of stock of the corporation are recorded in accordance with Section 224 of the DGCL shall be administered by or on behalf of the Corporation. Any records administered by or on behalf of the Corporation in the regular course of its business, including its stock ledger, books of account, and minute books, may be kept on, or by means of, or be in the form of, any information storage device, or method, or one or more electronic networks or databases (including one or more distributed electronic networks or databases), provided that the records so kept can be converted into clearly legible paper form within a reasonable time and, with respect to the stock ledger, that the records so kept (i) can be used to prepare the list of stockholders specified in Sections 219 and 220 of the DGCL, (ii) record the information specified in Sections 156, 159, 217(a) and 218 of the DGCL, and (iii) record transfers of stock as governed by Article 8 of the Uniform Commercial Code as adopted in the State of Delaware.
Article VII – General Matters
7.1 Execution of Corporate Contracts and Instruments.
The Board, except as otherwise provided in these Bylaws, may authorize any officer or officers, or agent or agents, to enter into any contract or execute any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation; such authority may be general or confined to specific instances.
7.2 Stock Certificates.
The shares of the Corporation shall be represented by certificates, provided that the Board by resolution may provide that some or all of the shares of any class or series of stock of the Corporation shall be uncertificated. Certificates for the shares of stock, if any, shall be in such form as is consistent with the Certificate of Incorporation and applicable law. Every holder of stock represented by a certificate shall be entitled to have a certificate signed by, or in the name of the Corporation by, any two officers authorized to sign stock certificates representing the number of shares registered in certificate form. The Chairperson or Vice Chairperson of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, the President, Vice President, the Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary of the Corporation shall be specifically authorized to sign stock certificates. Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate has ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if he or she were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.
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The Corporation may issue the whole or any part of its shares as partly paid and subject to call for the remainder of the consideration to be paid therefor. Upon the face or back of each stock certificate issued to represent any such partly paid shares, or upon the books and records of the Corporation in the case of uncertificated partly paid shares, the total amount of the consideration to be paid therefor and the amount paid thereon shall be stated. Upon the declaration of any dividend on fully paid shares, the Corporation shall declare a dividend upon partly paid shares of the same class, but only upon the basis of the percentage of the consideration actually paid thereon.
7.3 Special Designation of Certificates.
If the Corporation is authorized to issue more than one class of stock or more than one series of any class, then the powers, the designations, the preferences and the relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights shall be set forth in full or summarized on the face or on the back of the certificate that the Corporation shall issue to represent such class or series of stock (or, in the case of uncertificated shares, set forth in a notice provided pursuant to Section 151 of the DGCL); provided, however, that except as otherwise provided in Section 202 of the DGCL, in lieu of the foregoing requirements, there may be set forth on the face of back of the certificate that the Corporation shall issue to represent such class or series of stock (or, in the case of any uncertificated shares, included in the aforementioned notice) a statement that the Corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers, the designations, the preferences and the relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights.
7.4 Lost Certificates.
Except as provided in this Section 7.4, no new certificates for shares or uncertificated shares shall be issued to replace a previously issued certificate unless the latter is surrendered to the Corporation and cancelled at the same time. The Corporation may issue a new certificate of stock or uncertificated shares in the place of any certificate theretofore issued by it, alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, and the Corporation may require the owner of the lost, stolen or destroyed certificate, or such owner’s legal representative, to give the Corporation a bond sufficient to indemnify it against any claim that may be made against it on account of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of any such certificate or the issuance of such new certificate or uncertificated shares.
7.5 Shares Without Certificates.
The Corporation may adopt a system of issuance, recordation and transfer of its shares of stock by electronic or other means not involving the issuance of certificates, provided the use of such system by the Corporation is permitted in accordance with applicable law.
7.6 Construction; Definitions.
Unless the context requires otherwise, the general provisions, rules of construction and definitions in the DGCL shall govern the construction of these Bylaws. Without limiting the generality of this provision, the singular number includes the plural and the plural number includes the singular.
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7.7 Dividends.
The Board, subject to any restrictions contained in either (i) the DGCL or (ii) the Certificate of Incorporation, may declare and pay dividends upon the shares of its capital stock. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property or in shares of the Corporation’s capital stock.
The Board may set apart out of any of the funds of the Corporation available for dividends a reserve or reserves for any proper purpose and may abolish any such reserve. Such purposes shall include but not be limited to equalizing dividends, repairing or maintaining any property of the Corporation, and meeting contingencies.
7.8 Fiscal Year.
The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the Board and may be changed by the Board.
7.9 Seal.
The Corporation may adopt a corporate seal, which shall be adopted and which may be altered by the Board. The Corporation may use the corporate seal by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or in any other manner reproduced.
7.10 Transfer of Stock.
Shares of the Corporation shall be transferable in the manner prescribed by law and in these Bylaws. Shares of stock of the Corporation shall be transferred on the books of the Corporation only by the holder of record thereof or by such holder’s attorney duly authorized in writing, upon surrender to the Corporation of the certificate or certificates representing such shares endorsed by the appropriate person or persons (or by delivery of duly executed instructions with respect to uncertificated shares), with such evidence of the authenticity of such endorsement or execution, transfer, authorization and other matters as the Corporation may reasonably require, and accompanied by all necessary stock transfer stamps. No transfer of stock shall be valid as against the Corporation for any purpose until it shall have been entered in the stock records of the Corporation by an entry showing the names of the persons from and to whom it was transferred.
7.11 Stock Transfer Agreements.
The Corporation shall have power to enter into and perform any agreement with any number of stockholders of any one or more classes or series of stock of the Corporation to restrict the transfer of shares of stock of the Corporation of any one or more classes owned by such stockholders in any manner not prohibited by the DGCL.
7.12 Registered Stockholders.
The Corporation:
(i) shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends and to vote as such owner; and (ii) shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of another person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of the State of Delaware.
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7.13 Waiver of Notice.
Whenever notice is required to be given under any provision of the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, a written waiver, signed by the person entitled to notice, or a waiver by electronic transmission by the person entitled to notice, whether before or after the time of the event for which notice is to be given, shall be deemed equivalent to notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the stockholders need be specified in any written waiver of notice or any waiver by electronic transmission unless so required by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws.
Article VIII – Notice
8.1 Delivery of Notice; Notice by Electronic Transmission.
Without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given effectively to stockholders, any notice to stockholders given by the Corporation under any provisions of the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these Bylaws may be given in writing directed to the stockholder’s mailing address (or by electronic transmission directed to the stockholder’s electronic mail address, as applicable) as it appears on the records of the Corporation and shall be given (1) if mailed, when the notice is deposited in the U.S. mail, postage prepaid, (2) if delivered by courier service, the earlier of when the notice is received or left at such stockholder’s address or (3) if given by electronic mail, when directed to such stockholder’s electronic mail address unless the stockholder has notified the Corporation in writing or by electronic transmission of an objection to receiving notice by electronic mail. A notice by electronic mail must include a prominent legend that the communication is an important notice regarding the Corporation.
Without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given effectively to stockholders, any notice to stockholders given by the Corporation under any provision of the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws shall be effective if given by a form of electronic transmission consented to by the stockholder to whom the notice is given. Any such consent shall be revocable by the stockholder by written notice or electronic transmission to the Corporation. Notwithstanding the provisions of this paragraph, the Corporation may give a notice by electronic mail in accordance with the first paragraph of this section without obtaining the consent required by this paragraph.
Any notice given pursuant to the preceding paragraph shall be deemed given:
| (i) | if by facsimile telecommunication, when directed to a number at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice; |
| (ii) | if by a posting on an electronic network together with separate notice to the stockholder of such specific posting, upon the later of (A) such posting and (B) the giving of such separate notice; and |
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| (iii) | if by any other form of electronic transmission, when directed to the stockholder. |
Notwithstanding the foregoing, a notice may not be given by an electronic transmission from and after the time that (1) the Corporation is unable to deliver by such electronic transmission two (2) consecutive notices given by the Corporation and (2) such inability becomes known to the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Corporation or to the transfer agent, or other person responsible for the giving of notice, provided, however, the inadvertent failure to discover such inability shall not invalidate any meeting or other action.
An affidavit of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or of the transfer agent or other agent of the Corporation that the notice has been given shall, in the absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein.
Article IX – Indemnification
9.1 Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
The Corporation shall indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL as it presently exists or may hereafter be amended, any director or officer of the Corporation who was or is made or is threatened to be made a party or is otherwise involved in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (a “Proceeding”) by reason of the fact that he or she, or a person for whom he or she is the legal representative, is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or, while serving as a director or officer of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or non-profit entity, including service with respect to employee benefit plans (a “covered person”), against all liability and loss suffered and expenses (including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines ERISA excise taxes or penalties and amounts paid in settlement) reasonably incurred by such person in connection with any such Proceeding. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, except as otherwise provided in Section 9.4, the Corporation shall be required to indemnify a person in connection with a Proceeding initiated by such person only if the Proceeding was authorized in the specific case by the Board.
9.2 Indemnification of Others.
The Corporation shall have the power to indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law as it presently exists or may hereafter be amended, any employee or agent of the Corporation and any other person serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of anther corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or non-profit entity, including service with respect to employee benefit plans, who is not a covered person but who was or is made or is threatened to be made a party or is otherwise involved in any Proceeding by reason of the fact that he or she, or a person for whom he or she is the legal representative, is or was an employee or agent of the Corporation or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or non-profit entity, including service with respect to employee benefit plans, against all liability and loss suffered and expenses reasonably incurred by such person in connection with any such Proceeding.
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9.3 Prepayment of Expenses.
The Corporation shall to the fullest extent not prohibited by applicable law pay the expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by any covered person, and may pay the expenses incurred by any employee or agent of the Corporation, in defending any Proceeding in advance of its final disposition; provided, however, that such payment of expenses in advance of the final disposition of the Proceeding shall be made only upon receipt of an undertaking by the person to repay all amounts advanced if it should be ultimately determined that the person is not entitled to be indemnified under this Article IX or otherwise.
9.4 Determination; Claim.
If a claim for indemnification (following the final disposition of such Proceeding) under this Article IX is not paid in full within sixty (60) days, or a claim for advancement of expenses under this Article IX is not paid in full within thirty (30) days, after a written claim therefor has been received by the Corporation the claimant may thereafter (but not before) file suit to recover the unpaid amount of such claim and, if successful in whole or in part, shall be entitled to be paid the expense of prosecuting such claim to the fullest extent permitted by law. In any such action the Corporation shall have the burden of proving that the claimant was not entitled to the requested indemnification or payment of expenses under applicable law.
9.5 Non-Exclusivity of Rights.
The rights conferred on any person by this Article IX shall not be exclusive of any other rights which such person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise.
9.6 Insurance.
The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust enterprise or non-profit entity against any liability asserted against him or her and incurred by him or her in any such capacity, or arising out of his or her status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify him or her against such liability under the provisions of the DGCL.
9.7 Other Indemnification.
The Corporation’s obligation, if any, to indemnify or advance expenses to any person who was or is serving at its request as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or non-profit entity shall be reduced by any amount such person may collect as indemnification or advancement of expenses from such other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or non-profit enterprise.
9.8 Continuation of Indemnification.
The rights to indemnification and to prepayment of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this Article IX shall continue notwithstanding that the person has ceased to be a director or officer of the Corporation and shall inure to the benefit of the estate, heirs, executors, administrators, legatees and distributees of such person.
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9.9 Amendment or Repeal; Interpretation.
The provisions of this Article IX shall constitute a contract between the Corporation, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, each individual who serves or has served as a director or officer of the Corporation (whether before or after the adoption of these Bylaws), in consideration of such person’s performance of such services, and pursuant to this Article IX the Corporation intends to be legally bound to each such current or former director or officer of the Corporation. With respect to current and former directors and officers of the Corporation, the rights conferred under this Article IX are present contractual rights and such rights are fully vested, and shall be deemed to have vested fully, immediately upon adoption of theses Bylaws. With respect to any directors or officers of the Corporation who commence service following adoption of these Bylaws, the rights conferred under this provision shall be present contractual rights and such rights shall fully vest, and be deemed to have vested fully, immediately upon such director or officer commencing service as a director or officer of the Corporation. Any repeal or modification of the foregoing provisions of this Article IX shall not adversely affect any right or protection (i) hereunder of any person in respect of any act or omission occurring prior to the time of such repeal or modification or (ii) under any agreement providing for indemnification or advancement of expenses to an officer or director of the Corporation in effect prior to the time of such repeal or modification.
Any reference to an officer of the Corporation in this Article IX shall be deemed to refer exclusively to the Chief Executive Officer, President, and Secretary, or other officer of the Corporation appointed by (x) the Board pursuant to Article V of these Bylaws or (y) an officer to whom the Board has delegated the power to appoint officers pursuant to Article V of these Bylaws, and any reference to an officer of any other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise shall be deemed to refer exclusively to an officer appointed by the board of directors (or equivalent governing body) of such other entity pursuant to the certificate of incorporation and bylaws (or equivalent organizational documents) of such other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise. The fact that any person who is or was an employee of the Corporation or an employee of any other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise has been given or has used the title of “Vice President” or any other title that could be construed to suggest or imply that such person is or may be an officer of the Corporation or of such other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise shall not result in such person being constituted as, or being deemed to be, an officer of the Corporation or of such other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise for purposes of this Article IX.
Article X – Amendments
The Board is expressly empowered to adopt, amend or repeal the Bylaws of the Corporation. The stockholders also shall have power to adopt, amend or repeal the Bylaws of the Corporation; provided, however, that such action by stockholders shall require, in addition to any other vote required by the Certificate of Incorporation or applicable law, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least sixty-six and two-third percent (66 2/3%) of the voting power of all the then-outstanding shares of voting stock of the Corporation with the power to vote generally in an election of directors, voting together as a single class.
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Article XI – Definitions
As used in these Bylaws, unless the context otherwise requires, the following terms shall have the following meanings:
An “electronic transmission” means any form of communication, not directly involving the physical transmission of paper, including the use of, or participation in, one or more electronic networks or databases (including one or more distributed electronic networks or databases), that creates a record that may be retained, retrieved and reviewed by a recipient thereof, and that may be directly reproduced in paper form by such a recipient through an automated process.
An “electronic mail” means an electronic transmission directed to a unique electronic mail address (which electronic mail shall be deemed to include any files attached thereto and any information hyperlinked to a website if such electronic mail includes the contact information of an officer or agent of the Corporation who is available to assist with accessing such files and information).
An “electronic mail address” means a destination, commonly expressed as a string of characters, consisting of a unique user name or mailbox (commonly referred to as the “local part” of the address) and a reference to an internet domain (commonly referred to as the “domain part” of the address), whether or not displayed, to which electronic mail can be sent or delivered.
The term “person” means any individual, general partnership, limited partnership, limited liability company, corporation, trust, business trust, joint stock company, joint venture, unincorporated association, cooperative or association or any other legal entity or organization of whatever nature, and shall include any successor (by merger or otherwise) of such entity.
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