Definitions

Capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the meanings ascribed to them in the Canadian Prospectus.

Any reference in this Agreement to a Section or Subsection shall refer to a section or subsection of this Agreement.

All words and personal pronouns relating thereto shall be read and construed as the number and gender of the party or parties referred to in each case required and the verb shall be construed as agreeing with the required word and/or pronoun.

Any reference in this Agreement to “C$” or to “dollars” shall refer to the lawful currency of Canada and any reference to “US$” shall refer to the lawful currency of the United States.

The following are the schedules to this Agreement, which schedules are deemed to be a part hereof and are hereby incorporated by reference herein:

Each Underwriter shall be permitted to appoint additional investment dealers or brokers (each, a “Selling Firm”) as its agents in the Offering and each such Underwriter may determine the remuneration payable to such Selling Firm but at no additional cost to the Company. The Underwriters may offer the Offered Shares, directly and through Selling Firms or any affiliate of an Underwriter, in the Offering Jurisdictions for sale to the public only in accordance with Applicable Securities Laws and in any jurisdiction outside of the Offering Jurisdictions (subject

For purposes of this Section 2, the Underwriters shall be entitled to assume that the Offered Shares are qualified for Distribution in any Qualifying Jurisdiction, unless otherwise notified in writing by the Company.

The Lead Underwriters shall promptly notify the Company when, in its opinion, the Distribution of the Offered Shares has ceased and will provide to the Company, as soon as practicable thereafter but in any event within 30 days after completion of the Distribution, a breakdown of the number of Offered Shares distributed in each of the Qualifying Jurisdictions where such breakdown is required for the purpose of calculating fees payable to the Canadian Securities Commissions and, if applicable, in the United States.

The Underwriters shall not, in connection with the services provided hereunder, make any representations or warranties with respect to the Company, its securities or the Offering, other than as set forth in the Offering Documents, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or in any Marketing Documents.

Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 2, no Underwriter will be liable to the Company under this Section 2 with respect to a default or breach by another Underwriter or another Underwriter’s duly registered broker-dealer affiliate in the United States or another Underwriter’s Selling Firm, as the case may be.

Subject to Section 6, the Underwriters acknowledge that the Company is not taking any steps to qualify the Offered Shares for Distribution or register the Offered Shares or the Distribution thereof with any securities regulatory authority outside of the Offering Jurisdictions.

During the period of the Distribution of the Offered Shares, the Company shall co-operate with the Underwriters to allow and assist the Underwriters to participate in the preparation of, and allow the Underwriters to approve, acting reasonably, the form and content of, the Prospectus Supplements and any amendments thereto and any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus and shall allow the Underwriters to conduct all “due diligence” investigations which the Underwriters may reasonably require to fulfil the Underwriters’ obligations under Applicable Securities Laws as underwriters and, in the case of the Canadian Prospectus Supplement and any Canadian Prospectus Amendment, to enable the Underwriters to execute any certificate required under Applicable Securities Laws to be executed by the Underwriters.

Without limiting the generality of clause (1) above, during the distribution of the Offered Shares:

subject to Section 7(1)(d) the Company shall prepare, in consultation with the Underwriters, and shall approve in writing, prior to the time that any such marketing materials are provided to potential Purchasers, a template version of any marketing materials reasonably requested to be provided by the Underwriters to any such potential Purchasers, and such marketing materials shall comply with Applicable Securities Laws and shall be acceptable in form and substance to the Underwriters and their U.S. and Canadian counsel, acting reasonably;

the Lead Underwriters, on behalf of the Underwriters, shall approve a template version of any such marketing materials in writing prior to the time that such marketing materials are provided to potential Purchasers;

the Company shall file a template version of any such marketing materials on SEDAR+ and on EDGAR as soon as reasonably practical after such marketing materials are so approved in writing by the Company and the Lead Underwriters, on behalf of the Underwriters, and in any event on or before the day that the Lead Underwriters have specified that the marketing materials will be first provided to any potential Purchaser, and any comparables shall be removed from the template version in accordance with NI 44-101 prior to filing such on SEDAR+ (provided that if any such comparables are removed, the Company shall deliver a complete template version of any such marketing materials to the Commission), and the Company shall provide a copy of such filed template version to the Underwriters as soon as practicable following such filing; and

following the approvals and filings set forth in Section 3(2)(a) to Section 3(2)(c) above, the Underwriters may provide a limited use version of such marketing materials to potential Purchasers and which shall comply with Applicable Securities Laws.

The Company and each Underwriter, on a several basis, covenants and agrees not to provide any potential Purchaser with any marketing materials except for marketing materials which have been approved as contemplated in Section 3(2).

During the period from the date of this Agreement to the completion of the Distribution of the Offered Shares, the Company covenants and agrees with the Underwriters that it shall promptly notify the Underwriters in writing of:

any material change (actual, anticipated, contemplated or threatened) in or relating to the business, affairs, operations, assets (including contractual arrangements), liabilities (contingent or otherwise), capital or ownership of the Company and its Subsidiaries (on a consolidated basis);

any material fact which has arisen or been discovered and would have been required to have been stated in any of the Offering Documents or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus had the fact arisen or been discovered on or prior to the date of such document;

any change in any material fact (which for purposes of this Agreement shall be deemed to include the disclosure of any previously undisclosed material fact) contained in the Canadian Offering Documents, as they exist immediately prior to such change,

the occurrence of any event as a result of which (i) the Registration Statement or any U.S. Registration Statement Amendment, in each case as amended immediately prior to such occurrence, would include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading, or (ii) the U.S. Prospectus, any U.S. Amended Prospectus, the Pricing Disclosure Package or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, in each case as then amended or supplemented (in the case of the Pricing Disclosure Package, as of the Applicable Time), would include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances in which they are made, not misleading.

The Underwriters agree, and will require each Selling Firm to agree, to cease the Distribution of the Offered Shares upon the Underwriters receiving written notification of any change or material fact with respect to any Offering Document contemplated by this Section 4 and to not recommence the Distribution of the Offered Shares until Supplementary Materials disclosing such change are filed in such Offering Jurisdiction.

The Company shall promptly comply with all applicable filing and other requirements under Applicable Securities Laws whether as a result of such change, material fact or otherwise; provided that the Company shall not file any Supplementary Material or other document without first providing the Underwriters with a copy of such Supplementary Material or other document and consulting with the Underwriters with respect to the form and content thereof.

If during the Distribution of the Offered Shares there is any change in any Applicable Securities Laws, which results in a requirement to file a Canadian Prospectus Amendment or U.S. Registration Statement Amendment, the Company shall, subject to Section 4(3) above, make any such filing under Applicable Securities Laws as soon as possible.

The Company shall in good faith discuss with the Underwriters any fact or change in circumstances (actual, anticipated, contemplated or threatened, financial or otherwise) which is of such a nature that there is reasonable doubt whether written notice need be given under this Section 4.

The Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Underwriters:

copies of the Canadian Prospectus and any Marketing Documents duly signed as required by the laws of all of the Qualifying Jurisdictions;

copies of the Registration Statement, signed as required by the U.S. Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the SEC thereunder and any documents included as exhibits to the Registration Statement;

copies of any Canadian Prospectus Amendment required to be filed under Section 4 hereof duly signed as required by the laws of all of the Qualifying Jurisdictions; and

any U.S. Registration Statement Amendment or U.S. Amended Prospectus required to be filed under Section 4 hereof, signed as required by the U.S. Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the SEC thereunder and any documents included as exhibits to the U.S. Registration Statement Amendment;

The Company shall forthwith cause to be delivered to the Underwriters in such cities in the Offering Jurisdictions as they may reasonably request, without charge, such numbers of commercial copies of the Canadian Base Shelf Prospectus and the Canadian Prospectus Supplement and any Marketing Documents and U.S. Prospectus, excluding in each case the Documents Incorporated by Reference, as the Underwriters shall reasonably require. The Company shall similarly cause to be delivered to the Underwriters commercial copies of any Canadian Prospectus Amendment or U.S. Amended Prospectus, excluding in each case the Documents Incorporated by Reference. The Company agrees that such deliveries shall be effected as soon as possible and, in any event not later than 12:00 noon (Eastern time) on the Business Day following the filing of the Canadian Prospectus or Canadian Prospectus Amendment, as applicable, provided that the Underwriters have given the Company written instructions as to the number of copies required and the places to which such copies are to be delivered not less than 24 hours prior to the time requested for delivery. Such delivery shall also confirm that the Company consents to the use by the Underwriters and Selling Firms of the Offering Documents in connection with the Distribution of the Offered Shares in compliance with the provisions of this Agreement.

By the act of having delivered the Offering Documents to the Underwriters (or in the case of the Pricing Disclosure Package, having conveyed such information to prospective investors), the Company shall have represented and warranted to the Underwriters that all information and statements (except for the Underwriters’ Information) contained in such documents, at the respective dates of initial delivery thereof (or as of the Applicable Time in the case of the Pricing Disclosure Package), comply with the Applicable Securities Laws and are true and correct in all material respects, and that such documents, at such dates, contain no misrepresentation or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading and constitute full, true and plain disclosure of all material facts relating to the Company and the Offering as required by the Applicable Securities Laws.

The Company shall also deliver or cause to be delivered to the Underwriters, concurrently with the execution of this Agreement, a “long form” comfort letter of the Company’s auditors, in form and substance satisfactory to the Underwriters, acting reasonably, addressed to the Underwriters and the directors of the Company, with respect to certain financial and accounting information relating to the Company and its Subsidiaries and affiliates contained in the Offering Documents, which letter shall be in addition to the auditors’ report incorporated by reference in the Prospectuses.

The Company represents and warrants to, and covenants with, the Underwriters as follows:

The Company is eligible to file a short form prospectus in each of the Qualifying Jurisdictions pursuant to applicable Canadian Securities Laws and on the date of and upon filing of the Canadian Prospectus Supplement there will be no documents required to be filed under the Canadian Securities Laws in connection with the distribution of the Offered Shares that will not have been filed as required.

The Canadian Base Shelf Prospectus complied, as of the time of filing thereof, and all other Canadian Offering Documents as of the time of filing thereof will comply, in all material respects with the applicable requirements of Canadian Securities Laws; the Canadian Base Shelf Prospectus, as of the time of filing thereof, did not, and all other Canadian Offering Documents, as of the time of filing thereof and as of the Closing Time and the Option Closing Time, as the case may be, will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; and the Canadian Base Shelf Prospectus, as of the time of filing thereof, constituted, and all other Canadian Offering Documents, as of the time of filing thereof and as of the Closing Time and the Option Closing Time, as the case may be, will constitute, full, true and plain disclosure of all material facts relating to the Offered Shares and to the Company; provided, however, that this representation and warranty shall not apply to any information contained in or omitted from any Canadian Offering Document in reliance upon and in conformity with the Underwriters’ Information.

As of the applicable effective date of the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, the Registration Statement and any such post-effective amendment thereto will comply in all material respects with the U.S. Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC, and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading; the U.S. Preliminary Prospectus complied, as of the time of filing thereof, and the U.S. Prospectus and any U.S. Amended Prospectus, as of the time of filing thereof, will comply, in all material respects with the applicable requirements of U.S. Securities Laws; the U.S. Preliminary Prospectus did not, as of the time of filing thereof, and the U.S. Prospectus and any U.S. Amended Prospectus, as of the time of filing thereof and as of the Closing Date and the Option Closing Date, as the case may be, will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; the Pricing Disclosure Package, as of the Applicable Time, did not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided, however, that this representation and warranty shall not apply to any information contained in or omitted from any U.S. Offering Document in reliance upon and in conformity with the Underwriters’ Information.

The Company (including its agents and representatives, other than the Underwriters in their capacity as such) has not prepared, used, authorized, approved or referred to and will not prepare, use, authorize, approve or refer to any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus related to the Offering of the Offered Shares that is a “written communication” (as defined in Rule 405 under the U.S. Securities Act), except in accordance with Section 3 hereof. Each such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus complied in all material respects with the applicable U.S. Securities Laws, has been or will be (within the time period specified in Rule 433 under the U.S. Securities Act) filed in accordance with the U.S. Securities Act (to the extent required thereby) and, when taken together with the Pricing Disclosure Package as of the Applicable Time, each such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, did not, and as of the Closing Date and the Option Closing Date, as the case may be, will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided, however, that this representation and warranty shall not apply to any information contained in or omitted from any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus in reliance upon and in conformity with the Underwriters’ Information. Each such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus did not, does not and will not include any information that conflicted, conflicts or will conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement or the U.S. Prospectus.

The Company meets the general eligibility requirements for the use of Form F-10 under the U.S. Securities Act and at the time of filing the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, at the earliest time thereafter that the Company or any Offering participant made a bona fide offer (within the meaning of Rule 164(h)(2) under the U.S. Securities Act) of the Offered Shares and at the date hereof, the Company was not and is not an “ineligible issuer”, as defined in Rule 405 under the U.S. Securities Act.

Good Standing of the Company. The Company: (i) is validly existing under the BCBCA and is up-to-date in all material corporate filings and in good standing under the BCBCA; (ii) has all requisite corporate power, authority or capacity to carry on its business as now conducted and to own, lease and operate its properties and assets as described in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package; (iii) is duly qualified to do business and is in good standing or equivalent status in each jurisdiction in which its ownership or lease of property or the conduct of its business requires such qualification, except for such jurisdictions where the failure to so qualify or be in good standing would not result in a Material Adverse Effect (as defined herein); and (iv) has all requisite corporate power and authority to enter into this Agreement and to carry out its obligations hereunder. No acts or proceedings have been taken, instituted or, are pending for the dissolution or liquidation of the Company.

Good Standing of the Subsidiaries. The subsidiaries (collectively, the “Subsidiaries” and each a “Subsidiary”) set forth in Schedule A are the only subsidiaries of the Company which are material to the Company. Each Subsidiary of the Company: (i) has been duly incorporated in its jurisdiction of incorporation and is up-to-date in all material corporate filings and in good standing in each jurisdiction in which the character or location of its properties (owned, leased or licensed) or the nature or

Due Authorization. The Company has the necessary corporate power and authority to execute and deliver the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package and, if applicable, will have the necessary corporate power and authority to execute and deliver any amendment to the Registration Statement or Prospectuses prior to the filing thereof, and all necessary corporate action has been taken by the Company to authorize the execution and delivery by it of the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package and the filing thereof, as the case may be, in each of the Canadian Qualifying Jurisdictions under Canadian Securities Laws or with the Commission under the U.S. Securities Act, as applicable.

Material Investments. The Company’s ownership of common shares of each of Sandbox Royalties Corp., i-80 Gold Corp., Bear Creek Mining Corporation and Inca One Gold Corp. is as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package, and with the exception of any Liens arising under the Credit Agreement (as defined herein), is free and clear of any Lien, in each case. The Company has no other direct or indirect material investment or proposed material investment in any person.

Canadian Reporting Issuer; Listing of Common Shares. The Company is a “reporting issuer” in each of the provinces and territories of Canada and is not included in a list of defaulting reporting issuers maintained by any Canadian Securities Commission in each such jurisdiction that maintains such a list and in particular, without limiting the foregoing, the Company has at all relevant times complied with its obligations to make timely disclosure of all material changes relating to it, no such disclosure has been made on a confidential basis that is still maintained on a confidential basis, and there is no material change relating to the Company which has occurred and with respect to which the requisite material change report has not been filed; the outstanding Common Shares of the Company are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the U.S. Exchange Act; the Common Shares are listed and posted for trading on the TSX and the NYSE American, and the Company has taken no action designed to, or likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common Shares of the Company under the U.S. Exchange Act or de-listing the Common Shares from the TSX or the NYSE American, nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission, the TSX or the NYSE American is contemplating terminating such registration or listing. The Company is not in default of any of the listing requirements of the TSX or the NYSE American applicable to the Company.

Capitalization. As of the date of this Agreement, the Company has an authorized and outstanding capitalization as set forth in the sections of the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package entitled “Consolidated Capitalization”, and, as of the time of purchase and any additional time of purchase, as the case may be, the Company shall have an authorized and outstanding capitalization as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package (subject, in each case, to (i) the issuance of Common Shares upon exercise of stock options, or other equity incentive awards, warrants or convertible debentures disclosed as outstanding in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package, (ii) the grant of options or other equity incentive awards under existing equity incentive plans described in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package and (iii) the issuance of Common Shares on the exercise or deemed exercise of such options or other incentive awards); all of the issued and outstanding share capital of the Company, being the Common Shares, have been duly authorized and validly allotted and issued and are fully paid and non-assessable, have been issued in compliance with all applicable Canadian, U.S. and other securities laws and were not issued in violation of any pre-emptive right, resale right, right of first refusal or similar right; the Common Shares are duly listed, and admitted and authorized for trading, on the NYSE American and the TSX.

Recording of Material Transactions. All of the material transactions of the Company have been promptly and properly recorded or filed in or with its books or records and its minute books contain, in all material respects all of its material transactions, all records of the meetings and proceedings of its directors, shareholders and other committees, if any, since incorporation.

Agreement Duly Authorized and No Breach of Obligations or Charter. The Company has full corporate power and authority to enter into this Agreement. This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and this Agreement constitutes a valid and binding agreement of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with the terms hereof or thereof, as the case may be, except as the enforcement may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws relating to or affecting creditors’ rights generally or general equitable principles. The execution and delivery by the Company of this Agreement and the performance of this Agreement, the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, and the application of the net proceeds from the

Acquisition Agreement. The Company has full corporate power and authority to enter into the Acquisition Agreement and to perform its obligations set out therein, and the Acquisition Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and constitutes a valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except as the enforcement may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws relating to or affecting creditors’ rights generally or general equitable principles.

The Shares. When issued in accordance with this Agreement, and upon receipt of payment for the Offered Shares, the Offered Shares will have been duly and validly allotted and issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

Financial Statements. The audited consolidated financial statements of the Company and the notes thereto together with the independent auditors’ report thereon, included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package, present fairly in all material respects the financial position as of the dates indicated and the cash flows and results of operations for the periods specified of the Company and any consolidated Subsidiaries; such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved; the other financial and statistical information relating to the Company included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package, present fairly the information included therein and have been prepared on a basis consistent with that of the financial statements of the Company that are included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package and the books and records of the Company.

Employee Benefits. All material accruals for unpaid vacation pay, premiums for unemployment insurance, health premiums, pension plan premiums, accrued wages, salaries and commissions and Employee Plans (as defined herein) payments of the Company and any Subsidiaries have been recorded in conformity, in all material respects, with IFRS and comply in all material respects as to form with the applicable accounting requirements of the U.S. Exchange Act and Canadian Securities Laws, and are reflected on the books and records of the Company. There are no outstanding

No Outstanding Debt. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses, the Pricing Disclosure Package and in Schedule B, the Company does not have any outstanding debentures, notes, mortgages or other indebtedness that is material to the Company. For the purpose of this Section 7(1)(r), “Credit Facilities” means the Credit Agreement and the Debentures (as such terms are defined in Schedule B). With respect to the Credit Facilities, there is no Default or Event of Default (as such terms are defined under the Credit Facilities) which has occurred and is continuing under the Credit Facilities.

No Material Liabilities or Obligations. The Company and the Subsidiaries do not have any liabilities or obligations (whether accrued, absolute, contingent or otherwise) that continue to be outstanding, except: (i) as disclosed or contemplated in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses, the Pricing Disclosure Package and in Schedule B; or (ii) as incurred in the ordinary course of business and which do not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.

No Material Adverse Changes. Subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package, except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package, (i) the Company has not declared or paid any dividends, or made any other distribution of any kind, on or in respect of its share capital, (ii) there has not been any material change in the share capital or long-term or short-term debt of the Company and any Subsidiaries taken as a whole, (iii) neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has sustained any material loss or interference with its business or properties from fire, explosion, flood, hurricane,

Independent Accountant. To the knowledge of the Company, KPMG LLP is independent in accordance with the rules of professional conduct applicable to auditors in Canada, Canadian Securities Laws, the U.S. Securities Act, the U.S. Exchange Act and the rules of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), and there has not been any reportable event (within the meaning of NI 51-102) with such auditors with respect to audits of the Company.

Disclosure Controls. The Company has devised and maintains a system of disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the U.S. Exchange Act and Canadian Securities Laws) that comply with the requirements of the U.S. Exchange Act and Canadian Securities Laws. Such disclosure controls and procedures include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed is accumulated and communicated to the management of the Company, including the chief executive officer and the chief financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and such disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting and Internal Accounting Controls. The Company maintains a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that: (A) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; (B) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS and to maintain accountability for assets; (C) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; and (D) the recorded accounting for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. The Company believes that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the U.S. Exchange Act and Canadian Securities Laws) is effective and the Company is not aware of any material weakness in its internal control over financial reporting.

No Change in the Company’s Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Since the date of the latest audited consolidated financial statements of the Company included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package, there has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

No Defaults; No Violation. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package, neither the Company nor any Subsidiaries are in material violation or material default of, nor will the execution of this Agreement, and the performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder, result in any material breach or material violation of, or be in conflict with, or constitute a material default under, or create a state of facts which after notice or lapse of time, or both, would constitute a material default under, or give rise to any right to accelerate the maturity or require the prepayment of any indebtedness under, or result in the imposition of any Lien upon any property or assets of the Company or any Subsidiaries pursuant to (i) any term or provision of the constating documents of the Company or any Subsidiaries or any resolution of the directors or shareholders of the Company or any Subsidiaries; (ii) any contract, mortgage, note, indenture, joint venture or partnership arrangement, agreement (written or oral), instrument, lease (including for real property) or license to which the Company or any Subsidiaries is a party or bound or to which any of the business, operations, property or assets of the Company or any Subsidiaries is subject (collectively “Company Contracts”); or (iii) any statute, law, rule, regulation, judgment, order or decree applicable to the Company or any Subsidiaries or their respective businesses, operations or assets, of any court, arbitrator, Governmental Authority (as defined herein) including any Canadian Securities Commission or other authority having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.

Off-Balance Sheet Transactions. There are no business relationships, related-party transactions or off-balance sheet transactions involving the Company or any other person required to be described in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses or the Pricing Disclosure Package which have not been described as required under IFRS; and there are no material contracts or other material documents that are required to be described in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses or the Pricing Disclosure Package under applicable securities laws which have not been described therein.

Material Contracts. All material Company Contracts have been made available to the Underwriters in the Company’s data room, and all material Company Contracts are valid and binding obligations of the Company or any Subsidiaries, and are in good standing; and (i) no event of default or event which after the giving of notice or the lapse of time or both would constitute an event of default, has occurred and is outstanding under any material Company Contracts; (ii) the Company and the Subsidiaries, if any, have no knowledge of any default by the other parties to each material Company Contract; and (iii) the Company and the Subsidiaries, if any, have not waived any material rights under any material Company Contract.

Transfer Agent and Registrar. Computershare Investor Services Inc. (or its affiliate) at its principal office in the cities of Vancouver, British Columbia, Toronto, Ontario and New York, New York is the duly appointed registrar and transfer agent of the Company with respect to its Common Shares.

Legal Proceedings. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package, there is no litigation, arbitration or governmental or other proceeding, suit or investigation at law or in equity before any court or arbitrator or before or by any federal, provincial, state, municipal or other

Supplier Matters. No supplier of the Company or any Subsidiaries has notified the Company or any Subsidiaries in writing, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is no reason to believe, that any such supplier will not continue dealing with the Company or any Subsidiaries on substantially the same terms as presently conducted, subject to changes in pricing and volume in the ordinary course.

Compliance with Law; All Requisite Governmental Licenses. Except as would not result in a Material Adverse Effect or as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package, (i) the Company and any Subsidiaries are conducting their businesses in compliance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations of each jurisdiction in which their business is carried on, (ii) the Company and any Subsidiaries possess such permits, certificates, licenses, approvals, exemptions, consents, registrations and other authorizations (collectively, “Governmental Licenses”) issued by the appropriate federal, provincial, state, local or foreign regulatory agencies or bodies or other organizations currently necessary to own, lease, or maintain any mining rights and to conduct the business now operated by the Company and any Subsidiaries and the Company expects any additional Governmental Licenses that are required to carry out its and any Subsidiaries’ planned business activities to be obtained in the ordinary course; (iii) the Company and any Subsidiaries are and will be in compliance with the terms and conditions of all such Governmental Licenses; (iv) all of the Governmental Licenses are valid and in full force and effect; (v) neither the Company nor any Subsidiaries have received a notice of non-compliance or revocation in respect of any such laws, rules, regulations or a notice advising of the refusal to grant any or Governmental License that has been applied for or is in process of being granted.

Labor Matters. (i) The Company and its Subsidiaries, if any, are in compliance in all material respects with the provisions of applicable federal, provincial, state, local and foreign laws and regulations respecting employment; (ii) no labor dispute with the employees of the Company and any Subsidiaries exists or is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened or imminent, and the Company has no knowledge of any existing or imminent labor disturbance by the employees of the Company’s and any Subsidiaries’ principal suppliers and contractors, which in either case, may have or result, individually or in the aggregate, in a Material Adverse Effect; (iii) the labor relations of the Company and its Subsidiaries, if any, are satisfactory; and (iv) no collective agreement or collective bargaining agreement or modification thereof has expired and none is currently being negotiated by the Company or any Subsidiaries.

No Work Stoppage or Interruptions. Except as described in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package, there has not been in the last two years and there is not currently any actions, proceedings, inquiries, disruptions, protests, blockades or initiatives by non-governmental organizations, activist groups or similar entities or persons, that are ongoing or anticipated which had or may have a Material Adverse Effect on the ability to explore, develop and operate the Material Properties (as defined herein).

Employee Plans. Other than usual and customary health and related benefit plans for employees, the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package disclose to the extent required by applicable securities laws each Employee Plan, each of which has been maintained in all material respects with its terms and with the requirements prescribed by any and all statutes, orders, rules and regulations that are applicable to such Employee Plans.

Employment Matters. Except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect (i) there are no workers’ compensation claims pending against the Company or any Subsidiaries; and (ii) to the knowledge of the Company (A) none of the executive officers of the Company or any Subsidiaries described in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package has any plans to terminate his or her employment, (B) none of the executive officers of the Company or any Subsidiaries described in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package is subject to any secrecy or non-competition agreement or any other agreement or restriction of any kind that would impede in any way the ability of such executive officer to carry out fully all activities of such executive officer in furtherance of the Company’s or any Subsidiaries’ business, and (C) none of the executive officers of the Company or any Subsidiaries described in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package or any other employee or former employee of the Company or any Subsidiaries has any claim with respect to any Intellectual Property (as defined herein) rights of the Company.

Health and Safety Standards. To the knowledge of the Company, all activities on the properties of the Company and any Subsidiaries have been conducted in all material respects in accordance with good engineering practices and all applicable workers’ compensation and health and safety and workplace laws, regulations and policies have been duly complied with in all material respects on the properties of the Company and any Subsidiaries.

Compliance with Anti-Corruption Laws. None of the Company, any Subsidiaries or any director or officer of the Company or any Subsidiaries or, to the knowledge of the Company, any agent, employee, affiliate or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiaries, is aware of or has taken any action, directly or indirectly, that would result in a violation by such persons of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (the “FCPA”) or the Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act (Canada) (the “CFPOA”) or any applicable law of similar effect of another jurisdiction, including, without limitation, making use of the mails or any means or instrumentality of interstate commerce corruptly in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay or authorization of the payment of any money, or other property, gift, promise to give, or authorization of the giving of anything of value to any “foreign official” (as such term is defined in the FCPA) or any foreign political party or official thereof or any candidate for foreign political office, in contravention of the FCPA or the CFPOA and the Company and, to the knowledge of the Company, its affiliates have conducted their businesses in compliance with the FCPA and the CFPOA and have instituted and maintain policies and procedures designed to ensure, and which are reasonably expected to continue to ensure, continued compliance therewith.

No Conflicts with Sanctions Laws. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiaries, nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any director or officer of the Company or any Subsidiaries, any agent, employee or representative of the Company or any Subsidiaries, affiliate or other person associated with or acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiaries is currently subject to any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. government (including, without limitation, the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department or the U.S. Department of State and including, without limitation, the designation as a “specially designated national” or “blocked person”), the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, His Majesty’s Treasury or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively, “Sanctions”), nor is the Company or any Subsidiaries located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject or the target of Sanctions, including, without limitation, Cuba, Iran, Sudan, Burma, North Korea, Syria, Russia, the Crimea region of Ukraine, the so-called Donetsk People’s Republic, the so-called Luhansk People’s Republic and any other territory or region of Ukraine currently under the asserted control of Russia, recognized by Russian, or subject to territorial claims by Russia (each, a “Sanctioned Country”); and the Company will not directly or indirectly use the proceeds of the Offering of the Offered Shares hereunder, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any Subsidiary, joint venture partner or other person or entity (i) to fund or facilitate any activities of or business with any person that, at the time of such funding or facilitation, is the subject or the target of Sanctions, (ii) to fund or facilitate any activities of or business in any Sanctioned Country or (iii) in any other manner that will result in a violation by any person (including any person participating in the transaction, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise) of Sanctions. For the past five years, the Company and any Subsidiaries have not knowingly engaged in, are not now knowingly engaged in, and will not engage in, any dealings or transactions with any person that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject or the target of Sanctions or with any Sanctioned Country.

Compliance with Anti-Money Laundering Laws.

The operations of the Company and any Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in material compliance with applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) and Terrorist Financing Act (Canada) and the money laundering statutes of all jurisdictions, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any Governmental Authority (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”) and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court, Governmental Authority or arbitrator involving the Company or any Subsidiaries with respect to Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the best knowledge of the Company, threatened.

None of the Company or any Subsidiaries, or, to the knowledge of the Company, any director or officer of the Company or any Subsidiaries, any agent, employee, affiliate or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiaries has (A) made any unlawful contribution to any candidate for non-United States office, or failed to disclose fully any such contribution in violation of law, or (B) made any payment to any federal or state governmental officer or official, or other person charged with similar public or quasi-public duties, other than payments required or permitted by the laws of the United States or Canada of any jurisdiction thereof.

Intellectual Property. (i) The Company and its Subsidiaries, if any, own or have the right to use all patents, patent rights, licenses, inventions, copyrights, know how (including trade secrets and other unpatented and/or unpatentable proprietary or confidential information, systems or procedures), trademarks, service marks, trade names and other intellectual property (collectively, “Intellectual Property”) and all technology used or held for use in the conduct of the business now operated by them without any conflict with or infringement upon the rights of others, in each case with such exceptions as would not, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Effect and subject to limitations contained in any applicable license agreement; (ii) to the knowledge of the Company, there is no material infringement by third parties of such Intellectual Property; and (iii) there is no action, suit, proceeding or claim pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened by others challenging the Company’s or any Subsidiaries’ rights in or to any Intellectual Property or the validity or scope of any Intellectual Property owned, licensed or commercialized by the Company or any Subsidiaries, and the Company has no knowledge of any other fact which could form a reasonable basis for any such action, suit, proceeding or claim in each case, except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Effect.

No Stabilization. Neither the Company nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any of its affiliates (within the meaning of Rule 144 under the U.S. Securities Act) has taken, directly or indirectly, any action which constitutes or is designed to cause or result in, or which could reasonably be expected to constitute, cause or result in, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security to facilitate the sale or resale of the Offered Shares.

No Consents Required. Except for any consents and approvals (i) described in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package, (ii) as have been obtained and are in full force and effect, (iii) as may be required under the rules of the NYSE American and the TSX on or before the Closing Date, or (iv) as may be required under state securities or blue sky laws of the various jurisdiction in which the Offered Shares are being offered, the distribution of the Offered Shares and the consummation of the transactions as contemplated by this Agreement do not and will not require the consent, approval, authorization, registration or qualification of or with any Governmental Authority including stock exchange or securities commission or other third party to be obtained by the Company.

Real Property. The Company and its Subsidiaries have good and marketable title to all real property owned by them and good title to all other properties owned by them, in each case, free and clear of all mortgages, pledges, liens, security interests, claims, restrictions or encumbrances of any kind except such as (A) are described in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses or the Pricing Disclosure Package or (B) do not, singly or in the aggregate, materially affect the value of such property and do not interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries; and all of the leases, subleases and agreements in real property (other than mining claims, mineral or exploration concessions and other mineral property rights) material to the business of the Company or any Subsidiaries,

Material Properties. The Company’s (i) Mesquite Mine located in California, United States, (ii) Castle Mountain Gold Mine in California, United States, (iii) Los Filos Mine Complex in Guerrero, Mexico, (iv) Aurizona Gold Mine in Maranhão, Brazil, (v) Fazenda Mine in Bahia, Brazil, (vi) Santa Luz Mine in Bahia, Brazil and (vii) Greenstone Project in Ontario, Canada (collectively, the “Material Properties”) are the only properties that are material to the Company.

Technical Reports. The Company is in material compliance with the provisions of NI 43-101 and has filed all technical reports in respect of the Material Properties required thereby (the “Technical Reports”), which technical reports remain current as at the date hereof and comply in all material respects with the requirements of NI 43-101 and there is no new material scientific or technical information concerning the Material Properties that would require a new technical report in respect thereof to be issued under NI 43-101. The estimates of the mineral resources and mineral reserves of the Material Properties as disclosed by the Company and as provided for in the Technical Reports have been prepared in accordance with Canadian industry standards set forth in NI 43-101; and the method of estimating the mineral resources and mineral reserves has been verified by mining experts who are “qualified persons” (within the meaning of NI 43-101) and the information upon which the estimates of mineral resources and mineral reserves were based, was, at the time of delivery thereof, complete and accurate in all material respects and there have been no material changes to such information since the date of delivery or preparation thereof. All statements of fact relating to the Company, the Subsidiaries and their activities contained in the Technical Reports are true and accurate as of the date thereof and no such fact has been omitted therefrom (or information withheld) the omission of which would make any statement of fact therein misleading.

Technical Information; Technical Report Authors. The information set forth in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package relating to the Material Properties has been reviewed and verified by the authors described under the heading “Interests of Experts” in the Registration Statement and the Prospectuses and, in all cases, the information has been prepared in accordance with Canadian industry standards set forth in NI 43-101. Furthermore, no material information was withheld from the authors of the Technical Reports for the purposes of preparing those reports.

Scientific and Technical Projections. To the knowledge of the Company, the projected capital and operating costs and projected production and operating results relating to the Material Properties, as summarized in the Technical Reports and disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package are reasonable in all material respects, subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations, risks and uncertainties stated therein.

Mining Claims.

Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package, (i) the Company or one of its Subsidiaries is the owner of the material prospecting, exploration, development, ingress, egress, access and surface rights, mining and mineral rights, concessions, claims, licenses, leases, permits, consents, approvals and authorizations in respect of the Material Properties (“Mining Claims”) necessary to carry on their current development, operation, exploration and maintenance activities at the Material Properties; and (ii) Mining Claims held by the Company or its Subsidiaries cover the properties required by the Company and any Subsidiaries for such purposes as contemplated by the Technical Reports.

All assessments or other work required to be performed in relation to such Mining Claims in order to maintain the interests of the Company and any Subsidiaries therein have been performed to date and the Company and its Subsidiaries have complied in all material respects with all applicable governmental laws, regulations and policies in this regard as well as with all legal or contractual obligations to third parties in this regard. All Mining Claims of the Company and any Subsidiaries are in good standing, are valid and enforceable, are free and clear of any material Liens and no material royalty is payable in respect of any of them, except as set out in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package. Except as set out in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package, no other property rights are necessary for the current conduct of the Company’s and any Subsidiaries’ business and there are no material restrictions on the ability of the Company or any Subsidiaries to use, transfer or otherwise exploit any such property rights except as required by applicable law.

Exploration Rights. The Company and its Subsidiaries have all necessary surface rights, access rights and other necessary rights and interests relating to the Material Properties granting, to the extent applicable, the Company and any Subsidiary the right and ability to explore for the natural resources located thereon, including minerals, as are appropriate in view of the rights and interest therein of the Company or any Subsidiary, if applicable, with only such exceptions as do not materially interfere with the use made by the Company or any Subsidiary, if applicable, of the rights or interest so held; the Company and its Subsidiaries do not have any responsibility or obligation to pay any commission, royalty, license, fee or similar payment to any person with respect to the property rights related to the Material Properties other than, in all such cases, as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package.

Matters Related to Local, Native and Indigenous Groups. To the knowledge of the Company, there are no claims or actions with respect to aboriginal or native rights currently threatened or pending in respect of the Material Properties that would have a Material Adverse Effect on the Company. The Company is not aware of any material land entitlement claims or aboriginal land claims having been asserted or any legal actions relating to aboriginal or community issues having been instituted with respect to the Material Properties, and no material dispute in respect of such properties with any local or aboriginal or native group exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is threatened or imminent with respect thereto or activities thereon, other than claims, actions or disputes that would not have a Material Adverse Effect on the Company.

Community Relationships, Artisanal Miners. The Company and the Subsidiaries maintain good relationships with the communities and persons affected by or located on the Material Properties in all material respects, and except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package, there are no material complaints, issues, proceedings, or discussions, which are ongoing or anticipated which could have the effect of interfering, delaying or impairing the ability to explore, develop and operate the Material Properties, and the Company and the Subsidiaries have agreements in place in respect of the artisanal mining activity occurring on the Material Properties and do not anticipate any material issues or liabilities to arise that would adversely affect the ability to explore, develop and operate the Material Properties.

Government Relationships. The Company and the Subsidiaries maintain a good working relationship with all Governmental Authorities in the jurisdictions in which the Material Properties are located, or in which such parties otherwise carry on their business or operations. All such government relationships are intact and mutually cooperative and, to the knowledge of the Company, there exists no condition or state of fact or circumstances in respect thereof, that would prevent the Company or the Subsidiaries from conducting its business and all activities in connection with the Material Properties as currently conducted or proposed to be conducted and there exists no actual or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened termination, limitation, modification or material change in the working relationship with any Governmental Authorities.

No Expropriation. No part of the Material Properties, Mining Claims or Governmental Licenses have been taken, revoked, condemned or expropriated by any Governmental Authority nor has any written notice or proceedings in respect thereof been given, or to the knowledge of the Company, been commenced, threatened or is pending, nor does the Company have any knowledge of the intent or proposal to give such notice or commence any such proceedings.

Delays Related to Company Projects. To the knowledge of the Company, there are no material complaints, issues, proceedings, or discussions, which are ongoing or anticipated which could have the effect of interfering, delaying or impairing the ability to explore, develop or operate the Material Properties in a manner that would have a material impact on the Company.

No Transactions with Insider Interest. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package, none of the directors, officers or employees of the Company, any known holder of more than 10% of any class of securities of the Company or securities of any person exchangeable for more than 10% of any class of securities of the Company, or any known associate or affiliate of any of the foregoing persons or companies, has had any material interest, direct or indirect, in any transaction within the previous two years or any proposed material transaction which, as the case may be, materially affected or is reasonably expected to materially affect the Company or any Subsidiaries.

Director and Officer Service Prohibitions. To the knowledge of the Company, none of the Company’s directors or officers is now, or has ever been, subject to an order or ruling of any securities regulatory authority or stock exchange prohibiting such individual from acting as a director or officer of a public company or of a company listed on a particular stock exchange (including the NYSE American and the TSX).

No Non-Arm’s Length Agreements. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package, the Company and any Subsidiaries are not a party to or bound by, and none of the business, operations, property or assets of the Company or any Subsidiaries is subject to, any material non-arm’s length agreements or arrangements other than on terms and at a price that would have applied if the parties had been dealing at arm’s length.

No Prohibitions on Dividends. Except as described in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package and subject to applicable law, the Company is not currently prohibited directly or indirectly, from paying any dividends or from making any other distributions on its share capital.

Compliance with Environmental Laws. There has been no storage, generation, transportation, handling, use, treatment, disposal, discharge, emission, contamination, release or other activity involving any kind of hazardous, toxic or other wastes, pollutants, contaminants, petroleum products or other hazardous or toxic substances, chemicals or materials (“Hazardous Substances”) by, due to, on behalf of, or caused by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (or, to the Company’s knowledge, any other entity for whose acts or omissions the Company or any Subsidiaries are or may be liable) upon any property now or previously owned, operated, used or leased by the Company or any Subsidiaries, or upon any other property, which would be a violation of or give rise to any liability under any applicable law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, decree or permit, common law provision or other legally binding standard relating to pollution or protection of human health and the environment (“Environmental Law”), except for violations and liabilities which, individually or in the aggregate, could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; there has been no disposal, discharge, emission contamination or other release of any kind at, onto or from any such property or into the environment surrounding any such property of any Hazardous Substances with respect to which the Company or any Subsidiaries have knowledge, except as could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; there is no pending or, to the best of the Company’s knowledge, threatened administrative, regulatory or judicial action, claim or notice of noncompliance or violation, investigation or proceedings relating to any Environmental Law against the Company or any Subsidiaries, except as could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; no property of the Company or any Subsidiaries is subject to any Lien under any Environmental Law; except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package, neither the Company nor any Subsidiaries are subject to any order, decree, agreement or other individualized legal requirement related to any Environmental Law, which, in any case (individually or in the aggregate), could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

Costs and Liabilities related to Compliance with Environmental Laws. To the knowledge of the Company, the Company and its Subsidiaries are not subject to any contingent or other liability relating to the restoration or rehabilitation of land, water or any other part of the environment (except for those derived from normal exploration or mining activities) or noncompliance with Environmental Laws (as defined herein) that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

Tax Matters. The Company and any Subsidiaries have (i) timely filed (or has had timely filed on its behalf) all returns, declarations, reports, estimates, information returns, elections and statements (“Returns”) required to be filed with or sent to any taxing authority having jurisdiction since incorporation or organization and all such Returns

Voting Agreements. Except as described in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package, the Company has not been notified of, nor is it a party to, any shareholders’ agreement, voting agreement, investor rights agreement or other agreement which in any manner affects the voting or control of any securities of the Company.

Stock Exchange Approval. The Offered Shares will be approved for listing and trading on the NYSE American and the TSX, subject only to the satisfaction of the customary listing conditions set forth in the conditional approval letter of the TSX regarding the listing and posting on the TSX of the Offered Shares, and any conditions relating to the authorization for the listing of the Offered Shares on the NYSE American.

No Suspension of Trading. No order, ruling or determination having the effect of suspending the sale or ceasing the trading or distribution of the Common Shares or any other securities of the Company has been issued by any regulatory authority and is continuing in effect and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or are pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened, under any applicable Canadian, U.S. or other securities laws.

Insurance. Policies of insurance issued by insurers of recognized financial responsibility are maintained in respect of the operations, properties and assets, employees, directors and officers of the Company and any Subsidiaries in such amounts and covering such risks as are prudent and customary in the businesses in which they are engaged, and such policies of insurance will be maintained for the benefit of the Company and any Subsidiaries. All such policies of insurance are in full force and effect and no material default exists under such policies of insurance as to the payment of premiums or otherwise under the terms of any such policy, there are no claims by the Company or any Subsidiaries under any such policy or instrument as to which any insurance company is denying liability or defending under a reservation of rights clause; and the Company has no knowledge that it will not be able to renew the Company’s or any Subsidiaries’ existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business. The Company and its Subsidiaries, if any, have not been denied any insurance coverage which they have sought or for which they have applied.

Minute Books and Corporate Records. Copies of the minute books and records of the Company and any Subsidiaries that have been made available to counsel for the Underwriters in connection with their due diligence investigation in respect of the Offering of Offered Shares hereby constitute all of the minute books and records of such entities and contain copies of all proceedings (or certified copies thereof) in respect of matters of the shareholders (or equivalent), the boards of directors (or equivalent) and all committees of the boards of directors (or equivalent) of the Company and any Subsidiaries to the date of review of such corporate records and minute books and there have been no other meetings, resolutions or proceedings in

No Commissions or Finder’s Fees. Except as contemplated hereby, none of the Company nor any Subsidiary is a party to any contract, agreement or understanding with any person that would give rise to a valid claim against any of them or the Underwriters for a brokerage commission, finder’s fee or like payment in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the sale of the Offered Shares.

Significant Acquisition. Except as described in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package, no acquisition has been made by the Company or any Subsidiaries during the three most recently completed fiscal years that would be a “significant acquisition” for the purposes of Canadian Securities Laws, and no proposed acquisition by the Company or any Subsidiaries has progressed to a state where a reasonable person would believe that the likelihood of the Company completing the acquisition is high and that, if completed by the Company or any Subsidiaries at the date of the Canadian Base Prospectus, would be a “significant acquisition” for the purposes of Canadian Securities Laws, in each case, that would require the prescribed disclosure in the Canadian Base Prospectus pursuant to such laws.

Forward-Looking Statements. The Company has a reasonable basis for disclosing any forward-looking statements (within the meaning of Section 27A of the U.S. Securities Act and Section 21E of the U.S. Exchange Act) and any forward-looking information (within the meaning of Canadian Securities Laws) contained or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package and is not, as of the date hereof, required to update any such forward looking information pursuant to NI 51-102, and such forward looking information contained in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package reflects the best currently available estimates and good faith judgments of the management of the Company, as the case may be, as to the matters covered thereby.

Change of Law. The Company has no knowledge of any pending or contemplated change to any law, regulation or position of any governments, regulatory authorities, governmental departments, agencies, stock exchanges, commissions (including the Canadian Securities Commissions), bureaus, officials, ministers, crown corporations, courts, bodies, boards, tribunals or dispute settlement panels or other law, rule or regulation-making organizations or entities (i) having or purporting to have jurisdiction on behalf of any nation, province, territory or state or any other geographic or political subdivision of any of them, or (ii) exercising, or entitled or purporting to exercise any administrative, executive, judicial, legislative, policy, regulatory or taxing authority or power (each, a “Governmental Authority”) that would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

No Pre-emptive Rights. Except as described in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package, the Company has no outstanding warrants, options to purchase, or any pre-emptive rights or other rights to subscribe for or to purchase, or any contracts or commitments to issue or sell any Common Shares or other security of the Company or any security convertible into, or exercisable

Investment Company. The Company is not and, after giving effect to application of the net proceeds of the Offering of the Offered Shares as described in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package, will not be, required to register as an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”), and is not and will not be an entity “controlled” by an “investment company” within the meaning of such act.

No Transfer Taxes. There are no transfer taxes or similar fees or charges under Canadian or United States federal law or the laws of any state, province or any political subdivision thereof required to be paid in connection with the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement or the issuance by the Company or sale by the Company of the Offered Shares.

No Stamp Duty, Registration or Documentary Taxes. There are no stamp duties, fees, registration or documentary taxes, duties or other similar charges payable (either by direct assessment or withholding) under Canadian or United States federal law or the laws of any state, province or any political subdivision thereof in connection with: (i) the execution and delivery of this Agreement; (ii) the enforcement or admissibility in evidence of this Agreement; (iii) the creation, issuance, sale and delivery to the Underwriters of the Offered Shares; or (iv) the sale of the Offered Shares through the applicable Underwriter to U.S. residents.

Compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. There is and has been no failure on the part of the Company or any of its directors or officers, in their capacities as such, to comply with any provision of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules and regulations promulgated in connection therewith, including, without limitation, Section 402 related to loans and Sections 302 and 906 related to certifications except as any such failure could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

Statistical, Industry-Related and Market-Related Data. The statistical, industry-related and market-related data included in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package are based on or derived from sources which the Company reasonably and in good faith believes are reliable and accurate, and such data agree with the sources from which they are derived.

Cybersecurity. (i)(x) Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package, there has been no material security breach or other compromise of or relating to any of the Company’s or any Subsidiaries’ information technology and computer systems, networks, hardware, software, data (including the data of its customers, employees, suppliers, vendors and any third party data maintained by or on behalf of it), equipment or technology (collectively, “IT Systems and Data”) and (y) neither the Company nor any Subsidiaries has been notified of, and has knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in, any security breach or other compromise to its IT Systems and Data; (ii) the Company and the Subsidiaries are presently in compliance with all

Accurate Disclosure. The statements set forth in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package under the headings Certain United States Federal Income Tax Considerations”, “Certain Canadian Federal Income Tax Considerations”, “Description of Securities”, “Consolidated Capitalization”, “Eligibility for Investment” and “Enforcement of Civil Liabilities”, insofar as such statements summarize legal matters, agreements, documents or proceedings discussed therein, are, in all material respects, accurate, complete and fair summaries of such legal matters, agreements, documents or proceedings. The rights, privileges, restrictions, conditions and other terms attaching to the Common Shares of the Company conform in all material respects to the description thereof contained in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package.

Lending Relationship with Underwriters; Repayment of Debts. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses or the Pricing Disclosure Package, neither the Company nor any Subsidiaries (i) has any material lending or other relationship with any bank or lending affiliate of any of the Underwriters or (ii) intends to use any of the proceeds from the sale of the Offered Shares hereunder to repay any outstanding debt owed to any affiliate of any of the Underwriters.

Withholding Taxes. No withholding tax imposed under the federal laws of Canada or the Canadian Qualifying Jurisdictions will be payable in respect of any commission or fee to be paid by the Company pursuant to this Agreement to the Underwriters that are “non-residents” within the meaning of the Income Tax Act (Canada), provided any such commission or fee is payable in respect of services rendered by such Underwriters wholly outside of Canada and are performed in the ordinary course of business carried on by the Underwriters that includes the performance of such services for a fee and such Underwriters deal at arm’s length with the Company within the meaning of the Income Tax Act (Canada) and any such amount is reasonable in the circumstances.

Foreign Private Issuer. The Company is a “foreign private issuer” within the meaning of Rule 405 under the U.S. Securities Act.

Description of Acquisition Agreement. The description of the terms and conditions of the Acquisition Agreement set forth in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses and the Pricing Disclosure Package conforms in all material respects to those specific terms and conditions of the Acquisition Agreement; the representations and warranties of the Company in the Acquisition Agreement are true and correct and the Acquisition Agreement has not been amended in a manner materially adverse to the Company or terminated; the Company has no reason to believe that the representations and warranties of Orion Mine Finance Group in the Acquisition Agreement are not true and correct or that Orion Mine Finance Group is in breach of any of its covenants in the

Each Underwriter hereby severally, and not jointly, nor jointly and severally, represents and warrants to the Company that:

it is, and will remain so, until the completion of the Offering, appropriately registered under Applicable Securities Laws so as to permit it to lawfully fulfill its obligations hereunder; and

it has good and sufficient right and authority to enter into this Agreement and complete the transactions contemplated under this Agreement on the terms and conditions set forth herein.

The Underwriters hereby covenant and agree with the Company to the following:

Compliance with Securities Laws. The Underwriters will offer the Offered Shares for sale to the public in Canada and the United States, directly (including through any affiliate of an Underwriter) and through the Selling Firms, only in compliance with all Applicable Securities Laws, upon the terms and conditions set forth in the Canadian Prospectus or the U.S. Prospectus, as applicable, any Canadian Prospectus Amendment or U.S. Amended Prospectus, the Pricing Disclosure Package and this Agreement and will offer the Offered Shares for sale to the public outside of Canada and the United States, directly (including through any affiliate of an Underwriter) and through other Selling Firms, only in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations in each jurisdiction into and from which they may offer or sell the Offered Shares, upon the terms and conditions set forth in the Canadian Prospectus or the U.S. Prospectus, as applicable, any Canadian Prospectus Amendment or U.S. Amended Prospectus, the Pricing Disclosure Package and this Agreement. The Underwriters shall not, directly or indirectly, solicit offers to purchase or sell the Offered Shares or deliver any Offering Documents so as to require registration of the Offered Shares or filing of a prospectus or registration statement with respect to the Offered Shares or compliance by the Company with regulatory requirements (including any continuous disclosure obligations or similar reporting obligations) under the laws of any jurisdiction other than the Offering Jurisdictions and the Underwriters shall not make any representations or warranties with respect to the Company or the Offered Shares, other than as set forth in the Offering Documents.

Completion of Distribution. The Underwriters will use their commercially reasonable efforts to complete the Distribution of the Offered Shares as promptly as possible after the Closing Time.

The Company agrees that the Underwriters are acting severally and not jointly (nor jointly and severally) in performing their respective obligations under this Agreement and, except otherwise provided herein, that no Underwriter shall be liable for any act, omission or conduct by any other Underwriter.

No Underwriter that is a non-resident for purposes of the ITA will render any services under this Agreement in Canada.

ING covenants and agrees with the Company that it and any Selling Firm appointed by it shall only sell Offered Shares outside of Canada in accordance with applicable securities Laws and shall not, directly or indirectly, advertise or solicit offers to purchase or sell Offered Shares in Canada and, at the Closing Time, ING and any Selling Firm appointed by any of it, shall deliver a certificate to the Company and the Lead Underwriters confirming that, to the best of its knowledge, it has not sold any Offered Shares to any residents of Canada.

The Company hereby covenants and agrees to indemnify and save harmless the Underwriters and their respective subsidiaries and affiliates, and each of their respective directors, officers, employees, partners, agents and shareholders (collectively, the “Indemnified Parties” and individually, an “Indemnified Party”) from and against any and all losses, claims, actions, suits, proceedings, damages, liabilities or expenses of whatsoever nature or kind (excluding loss of profits or other consequential damages), including the aggregate amount paid in reasonable settlement of any actions, suits, proceedings, investigations or claims and the reasonable fees, disbursements and taxes of their counsel in connection with any action, suit, proceeding, investigation or claim that is made or threatened against any Indemnified Party or in enforcing their rights under this Section 9 (each, a “Claim” and collectively, the “Claims”) to which an Indemnified Party becomes subject or otherwise involved in any capacity insofar as the Claims relate to, are caused by, result from, arise out of, are based upon or are a consequence of, directly or indirectly:

(i) any information or statement contained in any Offering Document which at the time and in light of the circumstances under which it was made contains or is alleged to contain a misrepresentation; (ii) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained (A) in an Offering Document, in any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or (B) in any Marketing Documents, or (iii) the omission or alleged omission to state in any Offering Document, in any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus filed or required to be filed pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the U.S. Securities Act or in any Marketing Documents, a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided, however, that the Company will not be liable in any such case to the extent such liabilities, claims, losses, costs, damages and expenses arise out of or are based upon any such misrepresentation or alleged misrepresentation, untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made therein in reliance upon and in conformity with the Underwriters’ Information;

any omission or alleged omission to state (A) in an Offering Document, in any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus filed or required to be filed pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the U.S. Securities Act or (B) in any Marketing Documents, any material fact required to be stated in such document or necessary to make any statement, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, in such document not misleading; provided, however, that the Company will not be liable in any such case to the extent such liabilities, claims, losses, costs, damages and expenses arise out of or are based upon any such omission or alleged omission made therein in reliance upon and in conformity with the Underwriters’ Information;

any order made or any enquiry, investigation or proceedings commenced or threatened by any securities commission or other competent authority based upon any actual or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact required to be stated or necessary to make any statement not misleading in light of the circumstances under which it was made or any misrepresentation or alleged misrepresentation contained in or omitted from (A) any Offering Document, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus filed or required to be filed pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the U.S. Securities Act or (B) any Marketing Documents, preventing or restricting the trading in or the sale or distribution of the Offered Shares; provided, however, that the Company will not be liable in any such case to the extent such order made or any enquiry, investigation or proceedings arise out of or are based upon any such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made therein in reliance upon and in conformity with the Underwriters’ Information;

the non-compliance or alleged non-compliance by the Company with any requirement of Applicable Securities Laws relating to or connected with the Distribution of the Offered Shares; or

any breach by the Company of any of its representations, warranties, covenants or obligations to be complied with under this Agreement,

The Company agrees to waive any right it may have of first requiring the Indemnified Parties to proceed against or enforce any other right, power, remedy or security or claim payment from any other Person before claiming under this Section 9.

Promptly after receiving notice of an action, suit, proceeding or claim against an Indemnified Party or receipt of notice of the commencement of any investigation which is based, directly or indirectly, upon any matter in respect of which indemnification may be sought from the Company, such Indemnified Party will notify the Company and the Underwriters in writing of the particulars thereof, provided that the omission to so notify the Company shall not relieve the Company of any liability which the Company may have to any Indemnified Party except and only to the extent that any such delay in or failure to give notice as herein required materially prejudices the Company’s substantive rights or the defense of such action, suit, proceeding, claim or investigation or results in any material increase in the liability which the Company has under this Section 9. The Company may at its election and at its own expense, assume the defence of any action, suit, proceeding or claim in respect of which indemnification may be sought under this Section 9, provided, however, that the defence shall be conducted through legal counsel acceptable to the Indemnified Party, acting reasonably. If the Company

If for any reason the foregoing indemnification under this Section 9 is unavailable (other than in accordance with the terms of this Section 9) to the Indemnified Parties (or any of them) or insufficient to hold them harmless, the Company will contribute to the amount paid or payable by the Indemnified Parties as a result of such Claims in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Indemnified Parties on the other, but also the relative fault of the parties and other equitable considerations which may be relevant. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company will in any event, to the extent permitted by applicable law, contribute to the amount paid or payable by the Indemnified Parties as a result of such Claims any amount in excess of the Underwriting Fee actually received by the Indemnified Parties pursuant to this Agreement.

The Company hereby acknowledges that each of the Underwriters acts as trustee for each of the other Indemnified Parties related thereto of the Company’s covenants and obligations under this Section 9 to such Persons and each of the Underwriters agrees to accept such trust and to hold and enforce such covenants and obligations on behalf of such Persons.

The Company agrees that, in the event that the Company is held to be entitled to contribution from any Indemnified Party under the provisions of any statute or at law, such contribution shall be limited to an amount not exceeding the lesser of: (a) the portion of the full amount of the loss or liability giving rise to such contribution for which such Indemnified Party is responsible; and (b) the amount of the fees actually received by such Indemnified Party from the Company.

The Company agree that, in any event, no Indemnified Party shall have any liability (either direct or indirect, in contract or tort or otherwise) to the Company or any Person asserting claims on any Company’s behalf or in right for or in connection with the performance of professional services rendered by the Indemnified Parties under this Agreement, whether performed before or after the execution of this Agreement, or otherwise in connection with the matters referred to in this Agreement, except to the extent that any losses, expenses, claims, actions, damages or liabilities incurred by the Company are determined by a court of competent jurisdiction in a final judgement that has become non-appealable to have resulted from the breach of this Agreement or breach of applicable laws by, or the fraud, negligence or wilful misconduct of, such Indemnified Party.

The indemnity, contribution and other obligations and agreements of the Company under this Section 9 shall be in addition to, and not in substitution for, any liability which the Company may otherwise have at law or in equity, shall extend upon the same terms and conditions to all of the Indemnified Parties and shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of any successors, assigns, heirs and personal representatives of the Company and the Indemnified Parties. The foregoing provisions shall survive the termination of this Agreement or the completion of the Offering.

The Company covenants and agrees with the Underwriters that:

the Company will advise the Underwriters, promptly after receiving notice thereof, of the time when each Offering Document or Issuer Free Writing Prospectus has been filed, and will provide evidence satisfactory to the Underwriters of each such filing;

between the date hereof and the date of completion of the Distribution of the Offered Shares, the Company will advise the Underwriters, promptly after receiving notice or obtaining knowledge thereof, of:

the issuance by any Canadian Securities Commission or the SEC of any order suspending or preventing the use of any of the Offering Documents or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, including without limitation the issuance by the SEC of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, or, to the knowledge of the Company, the threatening of any such order;

the issuance by any Canadian Securities Commission, the SEC, the TSX or the NYSE American of any order having the effect of ceasing or suspending the Distribution of the Common Shares or the trading in any securities of the Company or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatening of any proceeding for any such purpose; or

any requests made by any Canadian Securities Commission or the SEC for amending or supplementing any of the Offering Documents or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or for additional information;

the Company will use its reasonable best efforts to obtain the conditional listing of the Offered Shares on the TSX by the Closing Time, subject only to the Standard Listing Conditions, and the Company will use its reasonable best efforts to have the Offered Shares listed and admitted and authorized for trading on the NYSE American by the Closing Time, subject only to the official notice of issuance;

as soon as practicable, but in any event not later than 18 months after the effective date of the Registration Statement (as defined in Rule 158(c) under the U.S. Securities Act), the Company will make generally available to its security holders and to the Lead Underwriters an earnings statement or statements of the Company and its subsidiaries which will satisfy the provisions of Section 11(a) of the U.S. Securities Act and Rule 158 under the U.S. Securities Act; and

the Company will use the net proceeds from the Offering as described in, and subject to the qualifications set out in, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectuses.

Prior to the completion of the Distribution of the Offered Shares, the Company will file all documents required to be filed with or furnished to the Canadian Securities Commissions and the SEC pursuant to Applicable Securities Laws.

The Company shall not, directly or indirectly issue any Common Shares or securities or other financial instruments convertible into or having the right to acquire Common Shares (other than pursuant to rights or obligations under securities or instruments outstanding) or enter into any agreement or arrangement under which you acquire or transfer to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of Common Shares, or agree to become bound to do so, or disclose to the public any intention to do so, for a period of 90 days following the Closing Date without the prior written consent of the Lead Underwriters, which consent will not be unreasonably withheld provided that, notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company may (i) grant options, share units or other securities pursuant to the Company’s stock option plan, share unit plan, deferred share unit plan or other equity compensation plans made in accordance with the terms of such plans, and issue Common Shares upon the exercise of such options or vesting of such securities; or (ii) issue equity securities pursuant to the exercise or conversion, as the case may be, of any warrants, incentive securities or other convertible securities of the Company outstanding on April 23, 2024.

The Company will cause each of its executive officers and directors to enter into lock-up agreements in form and substance satisfactory to the Lead Underwriters, evidencing their agreement not to sell, or agree to sell (or announce any intention to do so), any Common Shares or securities exchangeable or convertible into Common Shares for a period of 90 days following the Closing Date without the prior written consent of the Lead Underwriters, which consent will not be unreasonably withheld, other than in connection with a third party take-over bid made to all holders of Common Shares or a similar business combination transaction and other than securities sold to satisfy the exercise price or the tax obligations on the exercise of convertible securities of the Company held by such person.

Each Underwriter shall also be entitled to terminate its obligation to purchase the Offered Shares by written notice to that effect to the Company, at or prior to the Closing Time or the Option Closing Time, as applicable, if:

there shall have occurred any material change or have arisen or been discovered any new material fact, other than a material fact relating solely to any of the Underwriters, required to be disclosed in the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectuses or any amendment thereto, in each case, that would be expected to, in the opinion of the Underwriter, acting reasonably, have a significant adverse effect on the market price or value of the Offered Shares;

any inquiry, investigation, action, suit, investigation or other proceeding (formal or informal) is made by any domestic or foreign federal, provincial, state, municipal or other domestic or foreign government department, commission, board, bureau, agency or instrumentality, including without limitation, the TSX, the NYSE American or any securities regulatory authority, unless solely based on the activities or alleged activities of the Underwriters, which, in the reasonable opinion of the Underwriter, acting reasonably, prevents or restricts trading of the securities of the Company or adversely affects or will adversely affect the financial markets or the business, operations or affairs of the Company;

if there should develop, occur or come into effect or existence any event, action, state, condition or major financial occurrence of national or international consequence or any law or regulation, which, in the reasonable opinion of the Underwriter materially adversely affects or involves, or would reasonably be expected to materially adversely affect or involve, the financial markets or the business, operations or affairs of the Company and the Subsidiaries (on a consolidated basis); or

the Company is in breach of any term, condition or covenant of this Agreement in any material respect or any representation or warranty given by the Company in this Agreement is or becomes false in any material respect.

If this Agreement is terminated by any of the Underwriters pursuant to Section 12(1) or if this Agreement terminates automatically under Section 13, there shall be no further liability on the part of such Underwriter or of the Company to such Underwriter, except in respect of any liability which may have arisen or may thereafter arise under Section 9 and Section 16.

The right of the Underwriters or any of them to terminate their respective obligations under this Agreement is in addition to such other remedies as they may have in respect of any default, act or failure to act of the Company in respect of any of the matters contemplated by this Agreement. A notice of termination given by one Underwriter under this Section 12 shall not be binding upon the other Underwriters.

The obligations of the Underwriters under this Agreement are subject to (i) the representations and warranties of the Company contained in this Agreement being true and correct in all material respects (or, if qualified by materiality, in all respects) as at the date of this Agreement, the Closing Time and the Option Closing Time, as applicable, except for such representations and warranties which are in respect of a specific date in which case such representations and warranties shall be true and correct, in all material respects (or, if qualified by materiality, in all respects), as of such date, (ii) the performance by the Company of its obligations under this Agreement in all material respects and (iii) receipt by the Underwriters, at the Closing Time or Option Closing Time, as applicable, of:

such legal opinions, dated the Closing Date and Option Closing Date, as applicable, from Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP, the Company’s Canadian counsel, or other local counsel as required, addressed to the Underwriters, in form and content acceptable to the Underwriters, acting reasonably, relating to the matters set forth in Schedule C subject to customary limitations, assumptions and qualifications;

such legal opinions, dated the Closing Date and the Option Closing Date, as applicable, from Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP, the Company’s U.S. counsel, or other local counsel as required, addressed to the Underwriters, acting reasonably, subject to customary limitations, assumptions and qualifications, which shall be accompanied by a “10b-5 letter” addressed to the Underwriters;

a “10b-5 letter”, dated the Closing Date and the Option Closing Date, as applicable, from Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, the Underwriters’ U.S. counsel, addressed to the Underwriters;

the auditor’s comfort letter dated the Closing Date and the Option Closing Date, as applicable, updating the comfort letter referred to in Section 5(4) above with such changes as may be necessary from the comfort letter delivered previously to bring the information therein forward to a date which is within two Business Days of the Closing Date and Option Closing Date, as applicable;

evidence satisfactory to the Lead Underwriters that the Offered Shares shall have been (A) listed and admitted and authorized for trading on the NYSE American, subject only to official notice of issuance, and (B) conditionally approved for listing on the TSX, subject only to satisfaction by the Company of customary conditions imposed by the TSX in similar circumstances (the “Standard Listing Conditions”);

a certificate, dated the Closing Date and the Option Closing Date, as applicable, and signed on behalf of the Company, but without personal liability, by the Chief Executive Officer and by the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, or such other officers of the Company as may be reasonably acceptable to the Underwriters, certifying that: (i) the Company has complied in all material respects with all covenants and satisfied all terms and conditions in this Agreement to be complied with and satisfied by the Company at or prior to the Closing Time and the Option Closing Time, as applicable; (ii) all the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein are true and correct, in all material respects (or, if qualified by materiality, in all respects) as at the Closing Time and the Option Closing Time, as applicable, with the same force and effect as if made at and as of the Closing Time and the Option Closing Time, as applicable, except for such representations and warranties which are in respect of a specific date in which case such representations and warranties shall be true and correct, in all material respects (or, if qualified by materiality, in all respects), as of such date, after giving effect to the transactions contemplated hereby; (iii) there has been no material change relating to the Company since the date hereof which has not been generally disclosed, except for the Offering, and with respect to which the requisite material change statement or report has not been filed and no such disclosure has been made on a confidential basis; and (iv) to the best of the knowledge, information and belief of the Persons signing such certificate, after having made reasonable inquiries, no order, ruling or determination having the effect of ceasing or suspending trading in the Common Shares or any other securities of the Company has been issued and no proceedings for such purpose are pending or are contemplated or threatened;

at the Closing Time or Option Closing Time, as applicable, certificates dated the Closing Date or the Option Closing Date, as applicable, signed on behalf of the Company, but without personal liability, by the Chief Executive Officer of the Company or another officer acceptable to the Underwriters, acting reasonably, in form and content satisfactory to the Underwriters, acting reasonably, with respect to the constating documents of the Company; the resolutions of the directors of the Company relevant to the Offering, including the allotment, issue (or reservation for issue) and sale of the Firm Shares and Additional Shares, the grant of the Over-Allotment Option, the authorization of this Agreement and the listing of the Firm Shares and the Additional Shares on the TSX and the NYSE American; and the incumbency and signatures of signing officers of the Company;

at the Closing Time and the Option Closing Time, as applicable, a certificate of status (or equivalent) for the Company, dated within one Business Day (or such earlier or later date as the Underwriters may accept) of the Closing Date;

at the Closing Time, executed lock-up agreements from each of the directors and senior officers of the Company pursuant to Section 10(4); and

such other documents as the Underwriters or Canadian and U.S. counsel to the Underwriters may reasonably require; and all proceedings taken by the Company in connection with the issuance and sale of the Offered Shares shall be satisfactory in form and substance to the Lead Underwriters and Canadian and U.S. counsel for the Underwriters, acting reasonably.

The Over-Allotment Option may be exercised by the Underwriters at any time and from time to time, in whole or in part, by delivering notice to the Company not later than 5:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on the 30th day after the Closing Date, which notice will specify the number of Additional Shares to be purchased by the Underwriters and the date (the “Option Closing Date”) and time (the “Option Closing Time”) on and at which such Additional Shares are to be purchased. Such Option Closing Date may be the same as (but not earlier than) the Closing Date and will not be earlier than two Business Days nor later than three Business Days after the date of delivery of such notice (except to the extent a shorter or longer period shall be agreed to by the Company). Subject to the terms of this Agreement, upon the Underwriters furnishing this notice, the Underwriters will be committed to purchase, in the respective percentages set forth in Section 21, and the Company will be committed to issue and sell in accordance with and subject to the provisions of this Agreement, the number of Additional Shares indicated in the notice. Additional Shares may be purchased by the Underwriters only for the purpose of satisfying over-allotments made in connection with the Offering.

In the event that the Over-Allotment Option is exercised in accordance with its terms, the closing of the issuance and sale of that number of Additional Shares in respect of which the Underwriters are exercising the Over-Allotment Option shall take place at the Option Closing Time electronically or as may be otherwise agreed to by the Underwriters and the Company.

At the Option Closing Time, the Company shall issue to the Underwriters that number of Additional Shares in respect of which the Underwriters are exercising the Over-Allotment Option and deposit with CDS or its nominee, if requested by the Lead Underwriters, the Additional Shares electronically through the non-certificated inventory system of CDS against payment of the Offering Price per Additional Share by wire transfer or certified cheque payable to the Company or as otherwise directed by the Company.

Concurrently with the deliveries and payment under paragraph (3), the Company shall pay the Underwriting Fee applicable to the Additional Shares in the manner provided in the ninth paragraph of this Agreement against delivery of a receipt for that payment.

The obligation of the Underwriters to make any payment or delivery contemplated by this Section 15 is subject to the conditions set forth in Section 14.

Subject to the terms of this Agreement, the Underwriters’ obligations under this Agreement to purchase the Offered Shares shall be several and not joint and several and the liability of each of the Underwriters to purchase the Offered Shares shall be limited to the following percentages of the purchase price paid for the Offered Shares:

BMO Nesbitt Burns Inc.(1)

National Bank Financial Inc.(1)

Scotia Capital Inc.(1)

ING Bank N.V.

CIBC World Markets Inc.

Merrill Lynch Canada Inc.

Desjardins Securities Inc.

RBC Dominion Securities Inc.

TD Securities Inc.

Canaccord Genuity Corp.

Cormark Securities Inc.

Haywood Securities Inc.

Joint Bookrunner. 5% work fee split pro rata to BMO Nesbitt Burns Inc., National Bank Financial Inc., and Scotia Capital Inc.

In the event that an Underwriter shall at the Closing Time or the Option Closing Time, as the case may be, fail to purchase its percentage of the Firm Shares or Additional Shares as provided in Section 21(1) (a “Non-Purchasing Underwriter”), whether upon the exercise of any termination rights or otherwise, and the percentage of Firm Shares or Additional Shares that have not been purchased by one or more Non-Purchasing Underwriters represents 10% or less of the aggregate Firm Shares or Additional Shares, the other Underwriters shall be severally and not jointly (or jointly and severally) obligated to purchase all of the Firm Shares or Additional Shares, as the case may be, that the Non-Purchasing Underwriter has failed to purchase; the Underwriters shall purchase such Firm Shares or Additional Shares, as the case may be, pro rata to their respective percentages as provided in Section 21(1) or in such other proportions as they may otherwise agree. In the event that the percentage of Firm Shares or Additional Shares that have not been purchased by one or more Non-Purchasing Underwriters represents in aggregate more than 10% of the aggregate Firm Shares or Additional Shares, as the case may be, the other Underwriters shall have the right, but shall not be obligated, to purchase all of the Firm Shares or Additional Shares, as the case may be, which would otherwise have been purchased by the Non-Purchasing Underwriters and the Underwriters exercising such right shall purchase such Firm Shares or Additional Shares, as the case may be, pro rata to their respective percentages as provided in Section 21(1) or in such other proportions as they may otherwise agree. In the event that the continuing Underwriters purchase more Offered Shares pursuant to this Section 21(2) than they otherwise would have pursuant to this Agreement, the continuing Underwriters shall have the right, by notice to the Company, to postpone the Closing Time or the Option Closing Time, as the case may be, for such period not exceeding five Business Days as they shall determine and notify the Company in order that required changes, if any, to the Offering Document or to any other documents or arrangements may be effected. Nothing in this Section 21(2) shall oblige the Company to sell to the Underwriters less than all of the Firm Shares or, in the event of the exercise of the Over-Allotment Option in whole or in part, the Additional Shares in respect of which the Over-Allotment Option has been exercised, or relieve from liability to the Company any Underwriter which shall be in default of its obligations under this Agreement.

Without affecting the firm obligation of the Underwriters to purchase from the Company the Firm Shares at the Offering Price in accordance with this Agreement (assuming due satisfaction of the terms and conditions contained in this Agreement), after the Underwriters have made reasonable effort to sell all of the Firm Shares at the Offering Price, the price payable by the Purchasers may be decreased by the Underwriters and further changed from time to time to an amount not greater than US$5.30 per Firm Share in compliance with applicable Canadian Securities Laws. In such case, the Underwriting Fee realized by the Underwriters will be decreased by the amount that the aggregate price paid by the Purchasers for the Firm Shares is less than the gross proceeds to be paid by the Underwriters to the Company for the Firm Shares and such reduced price sales will not affect the net proceeds to be received by the Company under the Offering.

Name of Subsidiary

Western Mesquite Mines, Inc.

Castle Mountain Ventures, GP

Leagold Mining Corporation

Desarollos Mineros San Luis S.A. de C.V.

Mineração Aurizona S.A.

Greenstone Gold Mines LP

Fazenda Brasileiro Desenvolvimento Mineral Ltda

Santa Luz Desenvolvimento Mineral Ltda

Third amended and restated credit agreement dated as of July 28, 2022 as amended by a first amending agreement dated as of February 17, 2023, a second amending agreement dated as of March 24, 2023, a third amending agreement dated as of October 31, 2023 and a fourth amending agreement dated as of March 26, 2024 among Equinox Gold Corp., Solius AcquireCo Inc. and Leagold Mining Corporation, as borrowers, The Bank of Nova Scotia, as administrative agent, and the lenders from time to time party thereto, as further amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time (the “Scotia Credit Agreement”)

Convertible debenture dated as of April 11, 2019 as amended and restated on July 28, 2022 pursuant to a third amended and restated debenture and as further amended by a first amending agreement dated as of February 17, 2023, a second amending agreement dated as of March 24, 2023 and a third amending agreement dated as of March 29, 2024 in the amount of US$130,000,000 and with a maturity date of October 12, 2024 issued by Equinox Gold Corp. to MDC Industry Holding Company LLC (“MDC”) (the “MDC 3rd Amended and Restated Debenture”)

Convertible debenture dated as of March 10, 2020 as amended and restated on July 28, 2022 pursuant to a second amended and restated debenture and as further amended by a first amending agreement dated as of February 17, 2023, a second amending agreement dated as of March 24, 2023 and a third amending agreement dated as of March 29, 2024 in the amount of US$130,000,000 and with a maturity date of September 10, 2025 issued by Equinox Gold Corp. to MDC Industry Holding Company LLC (the “MDC 2rd Amended and Restated Debenture” and together with the MDC 3rd Amended and Restated Debenture, the “MDC Debentures”)

Convertible debenture dated as of May 7, 2019 as amended and restated on July 28, 2022 pursuant to a third amended and restated debenture and as further amended by a first amending agreement dated as of February 17, 2023, a second amending agreement dated as of March 24, 2023 and a third amending agreement dated as of March 29, 2024 in the amount of US$8,474,327.44 and with a maturity date of October 12, 2024 issued by Equinox Gold Corp. to Pacific Road Capital Management GP II Limited, as general partner of Pacific Road Resources Fund II L.P. (“Pac Roads Resources Fund LP”) as assigned by Pac Roads Resources Fund LP to Verition Advisors (Canada) ULC (“Verition”) pursuant to an assignment and assumption agreement dated as of November 18, 2022 (the “Verition Debenture”)

Convertible debenture dated as of May 7, 2019 as amended and restated on July 28, 2022 pursuant to a third amended and restated debenture and as further amended by a first amending agreement dated as of February 17, 2023, a second amending agreement dated as of March 24, 2023 and a third amending agreement dated as of March 29, 2024 in the

Convertible debenture dated as of April 9, 2020 as amended and restated on July 28, 2022 pursuant to a second amended and restated debenture and as further amended by a first amending agreement dated as of February 17, 2023, a second amending agreement dated as of March 24, 2023 and a third amending agreement dated as of March 29, 2024 in the amount of US$1,139,364.00 and with a maturity date of September 10, 2025 issued by Equinox Gold Corp. to Pac Roads Resources Fund Trust (the “PRFT Debenture”)

Convertible debenture dated as of April 9, 2020 as amended and restated on July 28, 2022 pursuant to a second amended and restated debenture and as further amended by a first amending agreement dated as of February 17, 2023, a second amending agreement dated as of March 24, 2023 and a third amending agreement dated as of March 29, 2024 in the amount of US$8,138,845.00 and with a maturity date of September 10, 2025 issued by Equinox Gold Corp. Pacific Roads Resources Fund LP (the “PRFLP Debenture” and, collectively with the MDC Debentures, the PRFT Debenture, the Veriton Debenture and the 2nd Veriton Debenture, the “Debentures”)

4.75% unsecured convertible notes due in 2028, in a principal amount of no more than US$172,500,000, with an initial conversion rate of 158.7302 common shares in the capital of Equinox Gold Corp. per US$1,000 principal amount of notes, equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately US$6.30 per Share

each of the Company and Premier is a corporation duly incorporated, continued, or amalgamated, as the case may be, and validly existing and is in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction in which it was incorporated, continued, or amalgamated, as the case may be;

each of the Company and Premier has all requisite corporate power and capacity to carry on its business as now conducted as described in the Canadian Prospectus and to own, lease and operate its property and assets described in the Canadian Prospectus and the Company has the requisite corporate power and capacity to execute and deliver this Agreement and to carry out the transactions contemplated hereby;

the Company’s ownership interest in Premier;

the authorized and issued capital of the Company and Premier;

all necessary corporate action having been taken by Company to authorize the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder and to authorize the issuance, sale and delivery of the Firm Shares and Additional Shares and the grant of the Over-Allotment Option;

the Firm Shares have been validly allotted and will be issued as fully-paid and non-assessable Common Shares upon full payment therefor and, upon full payment therefor, and the issue thereof, the Firm Shares will have been validly issued as fully paid and non-assessable Common Shares;

the Additional Shares have been validly allotted and will be issued as fully-paid and non-assessable Common Shares upon full payment therefor and, upon full payment therefor, and the issue thereof, the Additional Shares will have been validly issued as fully paid and non-assessable Common Shares;

the Company has all necessary corporate power and capacity: (i) to execute and deliver this Agreement and perform its obligations under this Agreement; and (ii) to issue the Firm Shares and Additional Shares;

all necessary corporate action has been taken by the Company to authorize the execution and delivery of each of the Canadian Base Shelf Prospectus, the Canadian Prospectus Supplement and, if applicable, any Supplementary Material thereto and the filing thereof with the Canadian Securities Commissions;

this Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by the Company and constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws affecting the rights of creditors generally and subject to the qualification that equitable remedies may be granted in the discretion of a court of competent jurisdiction and that enforcement of rights to indemnity, contribution and waiver of contribution set out in this Agreement may be limited by applicable law;

the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the fulfillment of the terms hereof by the Company and the offering, issuance, sale and delivery of the Firm Shares and Additional Shares do not and will not result in a breach of or default under, and do not and will not create a state of facts which, after notice or lapse of time or both, will result in a breach of or default under, and do not and will not conflict with any of the terms, conditions or provisions of the articles or notice of articles of the Company;

Computershare Investor Services Inc. is the duly appointed registrar and transfer agent for the Common Shares;

all necessary documents have been filed, all requisite proceedings have been taken and all approvals, permits and consents of the appropriate regulatory authority in each Qualifying Jurisdiction have been obtained to qualify the distribution of the Firm Shares, the Over-Allotment Option and the Additional Shares in each of the Qualifying Jurisdictions through Persons who are duly registered under Canadian Securities Laws and who have complied with the relevant provisions of such applicable laws; and

subject to the qualifications, assumptions, limitations, and understandings set out in the Canadian Prospectus Supplement under the headings “Certain Canadian Federal Income Tax Considerations” and “Eligibility For Investment”, insofar as the statements under such headings constitute statements of law, they have been reviewed, fairly summarize the matters described therein, and are accurate in all material respects.