株探米国株
英語
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http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2023#Assetshttp://fasb.org/us-gaap/2023#Assetsfalse2023-12-3120240001070304--03-31Q3http://orixcorp.com/20231231#UnrealizedGainsLossOnDerivativeInstrumentshttp://fasb.org/us-gaap/2023#Revenueshttp://fasb.org/us-gaap/2023#Revenueshttp://fasb.org/us-gaap/2023#Revenueshttp://fasb.org/us-gaap/2023#Revenueshttp://fasb.org/us-gaap/2023#OtherLiabilitieshttp://fasb.org/us-gaap/2023#OtherLiabilitiesOther in loans to consumer borrowers includes claims receivable arising from payments on guarantee of consumer loans. For further information, see Note 24 “Commitments, Guarantees and Contingent Liabilities.”Unrealized gains and losses from loans held for sale are included in “Net change of foreign currency translation adjustments”, unrealized gains and losses from available-for-sale debt securities are included in “Net change of unrealized gains (losses) on investment in securities” and “Net change of foreign currency translation adjustments”, unrealized gains and losses from equity securities, certain investment in affiliates, and derivative assets and liabilities (net) are included mainly in “Net change of foreign currency translation adjustments”, unrealized gains and losses from policy liabilities and policy account balances are included in “Net change of debt valuation adjustments.”“Included in earnings” in the above table includes changes in the fair value of reinsurance contracts recorded in “Life insurance costs” and reinsurance premiums, net of reinsurance benefits received, recorded in “Life insurance premiums and related investment income.”“Included in earnings” in the above table is recorded in “Life insurance costs” and includes changes in the fair value of policy liabilities and policy account balances resulting from gains or losses on the underlying investment assets managed on behalf of variable annuity and variable life policyholders, and the changes in the minimum guarantee risks relating to variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts as well as insurance costs recognized for insurance and annuity payouts as a result of insured events.The notional amounts of futures and foreign exchange contracts in the above table include futures contracts of ¥14,758 million and foreign exchange contracts of ¥5,554 million to economically hedge the minimum guarantee risk of variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts at March 31, 2023, respectively. Derivative assets in the above table include fair value of the futures and foreign exchange contracts before offsetting of ¥52 million and ¥12 million and derivative liabilities include fair value of the futures and foreign exchange contracts before offsetting of ¥200 million and ¥179 million at March 31, 2023, respectively.The notional amounts of futures and foreign exchange contracts in the above table include futures contracts of ¥9,627 million and foreign exchange contracts of ¥3,507 million to economically hedge the minimum guarantee risk of variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts at December 31, 2023, respectively. Derivative assets in the above table include fair value of the futures and foreign exchange contracts before offsetting of ¥1 million and ¥118 million and derivative liabilities include fair value of the futures and foreign exchange contracts before offsetting of ¥146 million and ¥20 million at December 31, 2023, respectively.The amount of ¥51,263 million of investment funds measured at net asset value per share is not included.It represents the amount after offset under counterparty netting of derivative assets and liabilities. For the information of input level before netting, see Note 3 “Fair Value Measurements.”For “Others,” the number of properties is omitted.Maximum exposure to loss includes remaining balance of commitments that could require the Company and its subsidiaries to provide investments or loans to the VIE.There were certain investees measured at fair value by electing the fair value option, primarily to reduce volatility in the equity in net income (loss) of the investees arising from the difference in the measurement basis of their assets and liabilities. The shares in these investees amounted to ¥2,511 million and ¥5,737 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively.The assets of most VIEs are used only to repay the liabilities of the VIEs, and the creditors of the liabilities of most VIEs have no recourse to other assets of the Company and its subsidiaries.The provision for credit losses on loans to affiliates were a reversal of ¥12 million and a provision of ¥86 million during the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, a provision of ¥66 million and a reversal of ¥4 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively, and the amounts are recorded in “Equity in net income (loss) of affiliates” in the consolidated statements of income. The allowance for credit losses on loans to affiliates were ¥649 million and ¥775 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and the amounts are recorded as a reduction in “Investments in affiliates” on the consolidated balance sheets.The assets are pledged as collateral by VIE for financing of the VIE.This item represents remaining balance of commitments that could require the Company and its subsidiaries to provide investments or loans to the VIE.Gains from the disposition of real estate under operating leases included in operating lease revenues were ¥596 million and ¥2,679 million, and gains from the disposition of operating lease assets other than real estate included in operating lease revenues were ¥6,980 million and ¥7,022 million, for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively.Decreases resulting from the receipts of reimbursements for benefits, and decreases resulting from insurance payouts to variable annuity and variable life policyholders due to death, surrender and maturity of the investment period are included.Life insurance related investment income for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 include net unrealized holding a loss of ¥9,301 million and a gain of ¥23,027 million on equity securities held as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively.Certain subsidiaries elected the fair value option for certain investments in investment funds, and others included in equity securities. Included in “Gains on investment securities and dividends” and “Life insurance premiums and related investment income” in the consolidated statements of income were gains of ¥499 million and ¥1,224 million from the change in the fair value of those investments for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. Included in “Gains on investment securities and dividends” and “Life insurance premiums and related investment income” in the consolidated statements of income were a loss of ¥47 million and a gain of ¥405 million from the change in the fair value of those investments for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. The amounts of aggregate fair value elected the fair value option were ¥16,032 million and ¥19,059 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively.The amounts of investment funds measured at net asset value per share which are not included in the above tables were ¥51,263 million and ¥76,593 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively.A certain subsidiary elected the fair value option on certain loans held for sale. These loans are multi-family and seniors housing loans and are sold to Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) and institutional investors. Included in “Other (income) and expense” in the consolidated statements of income were a loss of ¥3,664 million and a gain of ¥305 million from the change in the fair value of the loans for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. Included in “Other (income) and expense” in the consolidated statements of income were losses of ¥156 million and ¥48 million from the change in the fair value of the loans for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. No gains or losses were recognized in earnings during the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk. The amounts of aggregate unpaid principal balance and aggregate fair value of the loans held for sale as of March 31, 2023, were ¥199,674 million and ¥197,041 million, respectively, and the amount of the aggregate fair value was less than the amount of aggregate unpaid principal balance by ¥2,633 million. The amounts of aggregate unpaid principal balance and aggregate fair value of the loans held for sale as of December 31, 2023, were ¥122,429 million and ¥121,135 million, respectively, and the amount of the aggregate fair value was less than the amount of aggregate unpaid principal balance by ¥1,294 million. There were no loans that are 90 days or more past due or, in non-accrual status as of March 31, 2023. The amounts of aggregate unpaid principal balance and aggregate fair value of loans that are 90 days or more past due or, in non-accrual status as of December 31, 2023, were ¥3,049 million and ¥2,431 million, respectively, and the amount of the aggregate fair value was less than the amount of aggregate unpaid principal balance by ¥618 million.A certain subsidiary elected the fair value option for investments in foreign corporate debt securities included in available-for-sale debt securities. Included in “Gains on investment securities and dividends” in the consolidated statements of income were a loss of ¥705 million and a gain of ¥380 million from the change in the fair value of those investments for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. Included in “Gains on investment securities and dividends” in the consolidated statements of income were gains of ¥272 million and ¥428 million from the change in the fair value of those investments for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. The amounts of aggregate fair value elected the fair value option were ¥6,605 million and ¥7,144 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively.A certain subsidiary elected the fair value option for investments in foreign government bond securities included in available-for-sale debt securities. Included in “Gains on investment securities and dividends” in the consolidated statements of income were a loss of ¥15 million and a gain of ¥4 million from the change in the fair value of those investments for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. Included in “Gains on investment securities and dividends” in the consolidated statements of income were gains of ¥6 million and ¥11 million from the change in the fair value of those investments for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. The amounts of aggregate fair value elected the fair value option were ¥237 million and ¥1,063 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively.“Included in earnings” in the above table is recorded in “Life insurance costs” and includes changes in the fair value of policy liabilities and policy account balances resulting from gains or losses on the underlying investment assets managed on behalf of variable annuity and variable life policyholders, and the changes in the minimum guarantee risks relating to variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts as well as insurance costs recognized for insurance and annuity payouts as a result of insured events. For a reconciliation of the total amount of policyholder account balances and the balances of market risk benefits related to variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts during year ended March 31, 2023 and for the nine months ended December 31, 2023, see Note 18 “Long-Durations Insurance Contracts Relating to Life Insurance Operations.”Life insurance related investment income (loss) for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 include net unrealized holding a loss of ¥357 million and a gain of ¥5,647 million on equity securities held as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively.Other revenues include revenues that are not in the scope of revenue from contracts with customers, such as life insurance premiums and related investment income, operating leases, finance revenues that include interest income, and others.Other revenues are not considered to be within the scope of revenue from contracts with customers, such as life insurance premiums and related investment income, operating leases, finance revenues that include interest income, and others.Principally, gains and losses from loans held for sale are included in “Finance revenues”, available-for-sale debt securities are included in “Gains on investment securities and dividends”, “Write-downs of securities” or “Life insurance premiums and related investment income”; equity securities are included in “Gains on investment securities and dividends” and “Life insurance premiums and related investment income” and derivative assets and liabilities (net) are included in “Other (income) and expense” respectively. Additionally, for available-for-sale debt securities, amortization of interest recognized in finance revenues is included in these columns.The amount of assets under management of variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts included in equity securities were ¥151,445 million and ¥149,565 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The amount of investment funds that are accounted for under the equity method included in equity securities were ¥90,993 million and ¥189,086 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The amount of investment funds elected the fair value option included in equity securities were ¥16,032 million and ¥19,059 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively.Futures and foreign exchange contracts in the above table include gains (losses) arising from futures and foreign exchange contracts to economically hedge the minimum guarantee risk of variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts for the nine months ended December 31, 2023 (see Note 17 “Income and Expenses Relating to Life Insurance Operations”).Futures and foreign exchange contracts in the above table include gains (losses) arising from futures and foreign exchange contracts held to economically hedge the minimum guarantee risk of variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts for the three months ended December 31, 2022 (see Note 17 “Income and Expenses Relating to Life Insurance Operations”).A certain subsidiary elected the fair value option for certain investment in affiliates. No gains or losses were recognized in earnings from the change in the fair value of those investments for the nine months ended December 31, 2022. Included in “Equity in Net Income of Affiliates” in the consolidated statements of income was a gain of ¥1,029 million from the change in the fair value of those investments for the nine months ended December 31, 2023. No gains or losses were recognized in earnings from the change in the fair value of those investments for the three months ended December 31, 2022. Included in “Equity in Net Income of Affiliates” in the consolidated statements of income was a gain of ¥1,029 million from the change in the fair value of those investments for the three months ended December 31, 2023. The amounts of aggregate fair value elected the fair value option were ¥2,511 million and ¥5,737 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively.Certain subsidiaries elected the fair value option for certain reinsurance contracts held. The fair value of the reinsurance contracts elected for the fair value option in other assets were ¥4,676 million and ¥3,433 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively. For the effect of changes in the fair value of those reinsurance contracts on earnings during the nine and three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, see Note 17 “Income and Expenses Relating to Life Insurance Operations.”It represents the amount offset under counterparty netting of derivative assets and liabilities.Certain subsidiaries elected the fair value option for the entire variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts held. The fair value of the variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts elected for the fair value option in policy liabilities and policy account balances were ¥163,734 million and ¥157,813 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively. For the effect of changes in the fair value of the variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts on earnings during the nine and three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, see Note 17 “Income and Expenses Relating to Life Insurance Operations.”Increases resulting from an acquisition of a subsidiary and insurance contracts ceded to reinsurance companies are included.The amount of ¥76,593 million of investment funds measured at net asset value per share is not included.Mainly the United StatesMainly Asia, Europe, Australasia and Middle EastDuring the nine months ended December 31, 2023, bonds held as held-to-maturity debt securities were reclassified to available-for-sale debt securities. This is because a certain subsidiary changed its holding purposes in accordance with ASC 320 (“Investments—Debt Securities”) in order to improve profitability by building a flexible investment portfolio and improve capital stability. At the time of reclassification, the book value of held-to-maturity debt securities was ¥115,507 million and the related unrealized gain was ¥7,913 million.The balances related to enforceable master netting agreements or similar agreements which were not offset in the consolidated balance sheets.Gains from the disposition of real estate under operating leases included in operating lease revenues were ¥13,083 million and ¥12,745 million, and gains from the disposition of operating lease assets other than real estate included in operating lease revenues were ¥26,070 million and ¥24,748 million, for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively.Futures and foreign exchange contracts in the above table include gains (losses) arising from futures and foreign exchange contracts held to economically hedge the minimum guarantee risk of variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 (see Note 17 “Income and Expenses Relating to Life Insurance Operations”).Futures and foreign exchange contracts in the above table include gains (losses) arising from futures and foreign exchange contracts to economically hedge the minimum guarantee risk of variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts for the three months ended December 31, 2023 (see Note 17 “Income and Expenses Relating to Life Insurance Operations”).Underlying reference company’s credit ratings are A1 or better rated by rating agencies as of March 31, 2023.Underlying reference company’s credit ratings are Baa3 or better rated by rating agencies as of December 31, 2023.The allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposure were ¥17,843 million and ¥18,997 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and the amounts are recorded in “Other liabilities” on the consolidated balance sheets. For further information, see Note 24 “Commitments, Guarantees and Contingent Liabilities.”The allowance for available-for-sale debt securities were ¥144 million and ¥594 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and the amounts are recorded as a reduction in “Investments in securities” on the consolidated balance sheets. 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Table of Contents
 
 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
 
 
FORM
6-K
 
 
REPORT OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER
PURSUANT TO RULE
13a-16
OR
15d-16
OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the month of February 2024.
Commission File Number:
001-14856
 
 
ORIX Corporation
(Translation of Registrant’s Name into English)
 
 
World Trade Center Bldg., SOUTH TOWER,
2-4-1
Hamamatsu-cho,
Minato-ku,
Tokyo, JAPAN
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
 
 
(Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form
20-F
or Form
40-F.)
Form
20-F  ☒        Form
40-F  ☐
 
 
 
Table of Contents
Table of Document(s) Submitted
 
1.
   
 
Exhibit 101   
Inline XBRL Instance Document—the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
Exhibit 101   
Inline XBRL Schema Document.
Exhibit 101   
Inline XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document.
Exhibit 101   
Inline XBRL Definition Linkbase Document.
Exhibit 101   
Inline XBRL Labels Linkbase Document.
Exhibit 101   
Inline XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document.
Exhibit 104   
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
Table of Contents
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
ORIX Corporation
Date: February 13, 2024
  
By
  
/s/ YASUAKI MIKAMI
   
Yasuaki Mikami
   
Member of the Board of Directors
Senior Managing Executive Officer
Responsible for Corporate Function Unit
Responsible for Work Style Reform Project
   
ORIX Corporation
Table of Contents
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Notes to Translation
 
1.
The following is an English translation of ORIX Corporation’s quarterly financial report (
shihanki houkokusho
) as filed with the Kanto Financial Bureau in Japan on February 13, 2024, which includes unaudited consolidated financial information prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023 and for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023.
 
2.
Significant differences between U.S. GAAP and generally accepted accounting principles in Japan (“Japanese GAAP”) are stated in Note 1 “Overview of Accounting Principles Utilized” of the notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
In preparing its consolidated financial information, ORIX Corporation (the “Company”) and its subsidiaries have complied with U.S. GAAP.
This document may contain forward-looking statements about expected future events and financial results that involve risks and uncertainties. Such statements are based on the Company’s current expectations and are subject to uncertainties and risks that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause such a difference include, but are not limited to, those described under “Risk Factors” in the Company’s most recent annual report on Form
20-F
filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
The Company believes that it may have been a “passive foreign investment company” for U.S. federal income tax purposes in the year to which these consolidated financial results relate by reason of the composition of its assets and the nature of its income. In addition, the Company may be a PFIC for the foreseeable future. Assuming that the Company is a PFIC, a U.S. holder of the shares or American depositary shares of the Company will be subject to special rules generally intended to eliminate any benefits from the deferral of U.S. federal income tax that a holder could derive from investing in a foreign corporation that does not distribute all of its earnings on a current basis. Investors should consult their tax advisors with respect to such rules, which are summarized in the Company’s annual report.
 
– 1 –
Table of Contents
1.
Information on the Company and its Subsidiaries
(1) Consolidated Financial Highlights
 
    
Millions of yen

(except for per share amounts and ratios)
  
    
Nine months

ended

December 31,

2022
    
Nine months

ended

December 31,

2023
    
Fiscal year

ended

March 31,

2023
  
Total revenues
    ¥ 1,994,844     ¥ 2,037,860     ¥ 2,666,373  
Income before income taxes
      286,026       310,007       392,178  
Net income attributable to ORIX Corporation shareholders
      211,920       219,205       290,340  
Comprehensive Income attributable to ORIX Corporation shareholders
      321,427       333,131       420,584  
ORIX Corporation shareholders’ equity
      3,468,104       3,727,404       3,543,607  
Total assets
      14,573,093       15,769,189       15,289,385  
Earnings per share for net income attributable to ORIX Corporation shareholders
       
Basic (yen)
      179.08       188.68       245.98  
Diluted (yen)
      178.86       188.39       245.65  
ORIX Corporation shareholders’ equity ratio (%)
      23.8       23.6       23.2  
Cash flows from operating activities
      579,624       926,586       913,088  
Cash flows from investing activities
      (691,718 )      (1,215,259 )      (1,098,478 ) 
Cash flows from financing activities
      69,267       (52,601 )      438,308  
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at end of Period
      1,067,018       1,045,095       1,366,908  
 
Note:
   
Accounting Standards Update
2018-12
(“Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts”—ASC 944 (“Financial Services—Insurance”)) (hereinafter, “LDTI”) has been adopted since April 1, 2023, with the transition date of April 1, 2021, using the modified retrospective transition approach. For further information, see Note 2 “Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies (z) New accounting pronouncements.”
 
        
Millions of yen

(except for per share amounts)
     
        
        
Three months

ended

December 31,

2022
     
Three months

ended

December 31,

2023
  
 
Total revenues
    ¥    630,028      ¥    678,125  
 
Net income attributable to ORIX Corporation shareholders
      89,610        91,105  
 
Earnings per share for net income attributable to ORIX Corporation shareholders
      
 
Basic (yen)
      76.30        78.91  
 
Note:
   
Accounting Standards Update
2018-12
(“Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts”—ASC 944 (“Financial Services—Insurance”)) (hereinafter, “LDTI”) has been adopted since April 1, 2023, with the transition date of April 1, 2021, using the modified retrospective transition approach. For further information, see Note 2 “Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies (z) New accounting pronouncements.”
(2) Overview of Activities
During the nine months ended December 31, 2023, no significant changes were made in the Company and its subsidiaries’ operations. Additionally, there were no changes of principal subsidiaries and affiliates.
 
– 2 –
Table of Contents
2.
Risk Factors
Investing in the Company’s securities involves risks. You should carefully consider the information described herein as well as the risks described under “Risk Factors” in our Form
20-F
for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023 and the other information in that annual report, including, but not limited to, the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related notes and “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.” The Company’s business activities, financial condition and results of operations and the trading prices of the Company’s securities could be adversely affected by any of the factors or other factors.
 
3.
Analysis of Financial Results and Condition
The following discussion provides management’s explanation of factors and events that have significantly affected the Company’s financial condition and results of operations for the nine months ended December 31, 2023. Also included is management’s assessment of factors and trends that could have a material effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations in the future. However, please be advised that financial conditions and results of operations in the future may also be affected by factors other than those discussed herein. These factors and trends regarding the future were assessed as of the issue date of this quarterly financial report
(shihanki houkokusho)
.
 
(1)
Qualitative Information Regarding Consolidated Financial Results
Financial Highlights
Financial Results for the Nine Months Ended December 31, 2023
 
Total revenues
    ¥2,037,860 million (Up 2% year on year)
Total expenses
    ¥1,777,662 million (Up 1% year on year)
Income before income taxes
    ¥310,007 million (Up 8% year on year)
Net income attributable to ORIX Corporation Shareholders
    ¥219,205 million (Up 3% year on year)
Earnings per share for net income attributable to ORIX Corporation Shareholders
   
(Basic)
    ¥188.68 (Up 5% year on year)
(Diluted)
    ¥188.39 (Up 5% year on year)
ROE (Annualized) *1
    8.0% (8.3% during the same period in the previous fiscal year)
ROA (Annualized) *2
    1.88% (1.96% during the same period in the previous fiscal year)
 
*1
ROE is the ratio of net income attributable to ORIX Corporation Shareholders for the period to average ORIX Corporation Shareholders’ Equity.
*2
ROA is the ratio of net income attributable to ORIX Corporation Shareholders for the period to average Total Assets.
*3
LDTI standard has been adopted since April 1, 2023, with the transition date of April 1, 2021, using the modified retrospective transition approach.
Total revenues for the nine months ended December 31, 2023 increased 2% ¥2,037,860 million compared to ¥1,994,844 million during the same period of the previous fiscal year due to increases in finance revenues, operating leases and life insurance premiums and related investment income despite a decrease in sales of goods and real estate.
Total expenses increased 1% to ¥1,777,662 million compared to ¥1,754,983 million during the same period of the previous fiscal year due to increases in interest expense and selling, general and administrative expenses despite a decrease in costs of goods and real estate sold.
Equity in net income of affiliates increased by ¥19,956 million to ¥38,231 million compared to the same period of the previous fiscal year, and gains on sales of subsidiaries and affiliates and liquidation losses, net decreased by ¥15,294 million to ¥11,578 million compared to the same period of the previous fiscal year.
Due to the above results, income before income taxes for the nine months ended December 31, 2023 increased 8% to ¥310,007 million compared to ¥286,026 million during the same period of the previous fiscal year and net income attributable to ORIX Corporation shareholders increased 3% to ¥219,205 million compared to ¥211,920 million during the same period of the previous fiscal year.
 
– 3 –
Table of Contents
Segment Information
Our operating segments, used by the chief operating decision maker to make decisions about resource allocations and assess performance, are organized into ten segments based on our business management organization which is classified by the nature of major products and services, customer base, regulations, and business areas. The ten segments are Corporate Financial Services and Maintenance Leasing, Real Estate, PE Investment and Concession, Environment and Energy, Insurance, Banking and Credit, Aircraft and Ships, ORIX USA, ORIX Europe, and Asia and Australia.
Since April 1, 2023, segment profits have been calculated with a broadened scope of profit sharing for inter-segment collaboration. As a result, segment data for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 has been retrospectively restated.
LDTI standard has been adopted since April 1, 2023, with the transition date of April 1, 2021, using the modified retrospective transition approach. As a result of the adoption of LDTI, Insurance segment data for the previous fiscal year has been retrospectively restated. For further information, see Note 2 “Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies (z) New accounting pronouncements”.
Total revenues and profits by segment for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 are as follows:
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Nine months ended

December 31, 2022
    
Nine months ended

December 31, 2023
    
Change

(revenues)
    
Change

(profits)
  
    
Segment

Revenues
     
Segment

Profits
    
Segment

Revenues
     
Segment

Profits
    
Amount
    
Percent (%)
    
Amount
    
Percent (%)
  
Corporate Financial Services and Maintenance Leasing
    ¥ 321,647      ¥ 58,166     ¥ 331,794      ¥ 59,187     ¥ 10,147       3     ¥ 1,021       2  
Real Estate
      288,293        24,536       337,365        51,434       49,072       17       26,898       110  
PE Investment and Concession
      312,090        6,857       269,064        22,953       (43,026 )      (14 )      16,096       235  
Environment and Energy
      168,419        31,812       123,951        19,844       (44,468 )      (26 )      (11,968 )      (38 ) 
Insurance
      360,085        26,563       397,875        53,446       37,790       10       26,883       101  
Banking and Credit
      62,324        24,868       65,059        26,911       2,735       4       2,043       8  
Aircraft and Ships
      42,369        17,007       44,809        16,118       2,440       6       (889 )      (5 ) 
ORIX USA
      135,261        33,032       133,471        27,832       (1,790 )      (1 )      (5,200 )      (16 ) 
ORIX Europe
      157,653        35,893       164,419        20,815       6,766       4       (15,078 )      (42 ) 
Asia and Australia
      142,719        34,457       160,741        20,696       18,022       13       (13,761 )      (40 ) 
  
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total
      1,990,860        293,191       2,028,548        319,236       37,688       2       26,045       9  
  
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Difference between Segment Total and Consolidated Amounts
      3,984        (7,165 )      9,312        (9,229 )      5,328       134       (2,064 )      —   
  
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Consolidated Amounts
    ¥ 1,994,844      ¥ 286,026     ¥ 2,037,860      ¥ 310,007     ¥ 43,016       2     ¥ 23,981       8  
  
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total assets by segment as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023 are as follows:
 
                  
Millions of yen
  
                  
March 31, 2023
     
December 31, 2023
     
Change
  
                  
Segment

Assets
     
Composition

Ratio (%)
     
Segment

Assets
     
Composition

Ratio (%)
     
Amount
    
Percent (%)
  
Corporate Financial Services and Maintenance Leasing
                                         ¥ 1,514,070        10      ¥ 1,505,679        10      ¥ (8,391 )      (1 ) 
Real Estate
            935,027        6        1,005,620        6        70,593       8  
PE Investment and Concession
            605,471        4        800,829        5        195,358       32  
Environment and Energy
            773,617        5        845,999        5        72,382       9  
Insurance
            2,050,412        13        2,205,723        14        155,311       8  
Banking and Credit
            2,698,747        18        2,750,529        17        51,782       2  
Aircraft and Ships
            742,890        5        866,074        6        123,184       17  
ORIX USA
            1,462,067        9        1,451,242        9        (10,825 )      (1 ) 
ORIX Europe
            417,941        3        444,895        3        26,954       6  
Asia and Australia
            1,395,096        9        1,558,524        10        163,428       12  
        
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total
            12,595,338        82        13,435,114        85        839,776       7  
        
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Difference between Segment Total and Consolidated Amounts
            2,694,047        18        2,334,075        15        (359,972 )      (13 ) 
        
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Consolidated Amounts
          ¥ 15,289,385        100      ¥ 15,769,189        100      ¥ 479,804       3  
        
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
– 4 –
Table of Contents
Segment information for the nine months ended December 31, 2023 is as follows:
Corporate Financial Services and Maintenance Leasing
:
Finance and fee business; leasing and rental of automobiles, electronic measuring instruments and
ICT-related
equipment
In corporate financial services, we are engaged in financial businesses with a focus on profitability, and fee businesses by providing life insurance and environment and energy-related products and services to domestic small and
medium-sized
enterprise customers, as well as business succession support and M&A broking. In the automobile-related businesses, we aim to increase market share in small and
medium-sized
enterprises and individual customers, as well as large corporate customers by enhancing our competitive advantages stemming from our industry-leading number of fleets under management and
one-stop
automobile-related services. In the rental business operated by ORIX Rentec Corporation, we are not only providing electronic measuring instruments and
ICT-related
equipment lending, but also developing new services relating to robots, drones, etc.
Segment profits increased 2% to ¥59,187 million compared to the same period of the previous fiscal year due to an increase in gains on investment securities and dividends and an increase in operating leases revenues, despite an increase in selling, general and administrative expenses.
Segment assets decreased 1% to ¥1,505,679 million compared to the end of the previous fiscal year due to a decrease in installment loans, despite an increase in investment in operating leases.
 
    
Nine months
ended
December 31,
2022
    
Nine months
ended
December 31,
2023
     
Change
  
    
Amount
    
Percent
(%)
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
    
(Millions of yen, except percentage data)
  
Segment Revenues:
          
Finance revenues
    ¥ 45,401     ¥ 46,494      ¥ 1,093       2  
Gains on investment securities and dividends
      (494 )      2,902        3,396       —   
Operating leases
      193,489       199,331        5,842       3  
Sales of goods and real estate
      3,909       2,767        (1,142 )      (29 ) 
Services income
      79,342       80,300        958       1  
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Segment Revenues
      321,647       331,794        10,147       3  
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Segment Expenses:
          
Interest expense
      4,603       5,536        933       20  
Costs of operating leases
      140,652       143,646        2,994       2  
Costs of goods and real estate sold
      2,794       2,291        (503 )      (18 ) 
Services expense
      43,279       43,859        580       1  
Selling, general and administrative expenses
      61,249       66,072        4,823       8  
Provision for credit losses, and write-downs of long-lived assets and securities
      472       365        (107 )      (23 ) 
Other
      12,724       12,582        (142 )      (1 ) 
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Segment Expenses
      265,773       274,351        8,578       3  
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Equity in Net income (Loss) of Affiliates and others
      2,292       1,744        (548 )      (24 ) 
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Segment Profits
    ¥ 58,166     ¥ 59,187      ¥ 1,021       2  
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
    
As of
March 31,
2023
    
As of
December 31,
2023
     
Change
  
    
Amount
    
Percent
(%)
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
    
(Millions of yen, except percentage data)
  
Net investment in leases
    ¥ 566,010     ¥ 573,298      ¥ 7,288       1  
Installment loans
      333,922       302,052        (31,870 )      (10 ) 
Investment in operating leases
      511,184       527,545        16,361       3  
Investment in securities
      35,164       35,885        721       2  
Property under facility operations
      18,908       17,613        (1,295 )      (7 ) 
Inventories
      1,104       1,319        215       19  
Advances for finance lease and operating lease
      1,566       2,052        486       31  
Investment in affiliates
      16,961       17,002        41       0  
Goodwill, intangible assets acquired in business combinations
      29,251       28,913        (338 )      (1 ) 
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Segment Assets
    ¥  1,514,070       ¥ 1,505,679      ¥ (8,391 )      (1 ) 
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
– 5 –
Table of Contents
Real Estate
:
Real estate development, rental and management; facility operations; real estate asset management
In our real estate business, we aim to promote portfolio rebalancing by selling rental properties in favorable market conditions while investing in real estate development projects that can generate added value. We are also expanding our asset management business, which is less affected by volatility in the real estate market, and our housing-related business with a focus on residential condominiums. Our real estate business also operates hotels and Japanese inns, and we aim to improve profitability by attracting customers in response to diversifying customer needs. In the future, we will promote the innovation and the efficiency of our business through digital transformation, and develop businesses that take advantage of our strengths in a diverse value chain that includes real estate development and rental, asset management, facility operations, residential condominiums management, office building management, construction contracting, and real estate brokerage.
Segment profits increased 110% to ¥51,434 million compared to the same period of the previous fiscal year due to an increase in services income from operating facilities and an increase in equity in net income (loss) of affiliates.
Segment assets increased 8% to ¥1,005,620 million compared to the end of the previous fiscal year due to an increase in inventories.
 
    
Nine months
ended
December 31,
2022
    
Nine months
ended
December 31,
2023
     
Change
  
 
 
  
    
Amount
    
Percent
(%)
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
    
(Millions of yen, except percentage data)
  
Segment Revenues:
          
Finance revenues
    ¥ 4,182     ¥ 4,647      ¥ 465       11  
Operating leases
      35,560       34,427        (1,133 )      (3 ) 
Sales of goods and real estate
      58,808       70,985        12,177       21  
Services income
      190,068       226,831        36,763       19  
Other
      (325 )      475        800       —   
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Segment Revenues
      288,293       337,365        49,072       17  
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Segment Expenses:
          
Interest expense
      2,375       3,087        712       30  
Costs of operating leases
      18,452       18,637        185       1  
Costs of goods and real estate sold
      49,545       56,749        7,204       15  
Services expense
      167,024       182,380        15,356       9  
Selling, general and administrative expenses
      26,806       30,601        3,795       14  
Provision for credit losses, and write-downs of long-lived assets and securities
      1,737       452        (1,285 )      (74 ) 
Other
      (867 )      191        1,058       —   
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Segment Expenses
      265,072       292,097        27,025       10  
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Equity in Net income (Loss) of Affiliates and others
      1,315       6,166        4,851       369  
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Segment Profits
    ¥ 24,536     ¥ 51,434      ¥ 26,898       110  
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
    
As of
March 31,
2023
    
As of
December 31,
2023
     
Change
  
 
 
  
    
Amount
    
Percent
(%)
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
    
(Millions of yen, except percentage data)
  
Net investment in leases
    ¥ 57,587     ¥ 51,670      ¥ (5,917 )      (10 ) 
Investment in operating leases
      302,698       299,326        (3,372 )      (1 ) 
Investment in securities
      3,894       3,746        (148 )      (4 ) 
Property under facility operations
      170,425       167,180        (3,245 )      (2 ) 
Inventories
      108,789         176,838        68,049       63  
Advances for finance lease and operating lease
      112,973       110,358        (2,615 )      (2 ) 
Investment in affiliates
      117,040       134,902        17,862       15  
Advances for property under facility operations
      6,625       8,177        1,552       23  
Goodwill, intangible assets acquired in business combinations
      54,996       53,423        (1,573 )      (3 ) 
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Segment Assets
    ¥    935,027     ¥ 1,005,620      ¥ 70,593       8  
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
– 6 –
Table of Contents
PE Investment and Concession
:
Private equity investment; concession
In the private equity business, we aim to enhance the corporate value of investees and to earn sustainable gains on sales through rebalancing our portfolio. We aim to expand investment in focused industries and increase value through rollups and alliances with existing investees as a starting point. At the same time, we seek business opportunities created by changes in the industrial structure and explore diversified investment methods. In the concession business, we aim to strengthen our operations in the three airports in Kansai (Kansai International Airport, Osaka International Airport and Kobe Airport), and proactively engage in the operation of public infrastructures other than airports.
Segment profits increased 235% to ¥22,953 million compared to the same period of the previous fiscal year due to an increase in equity in net income (loss) of affiliates at our three airports in Kansai in our concession business.
Segment assets increased 32% to ¥800,829 million compared to the end of the previous fiscal year due to an increase in installment loans and an increase in investment in securities in PE Investment.
 
    
Nine months
ended
December 31,
2022
    
Nine months
ended
December 31,
2023
    
Change
  
 
 
  
   
Amount
    
Percent
(%)
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
    
(Millions of yen, except percentage data)
  
Segment Revenues:
         
Finance revenues
    ¥ 273     ¥ 3,086     ¥ 2,813       —   
Gains on investment securities and dividends
      818       (2,824 )      (3,642 )      —   
Operating leases
      28,196       30,432       2,236       8  
Sales of goods and real estate
      246,164       179,965       (66,199 )      (27 ) 
Services income
      36,639       58,405       21,766       59  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Segment Revenues
      312,090       269,064       (43,026 )      (14 ) 
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Segment Expenses:
         
Interest expense
      1,522       2,931       1,409       93  
Costs of operating leases
      18,186       19,935       1,749       10  
Costs of goods and real estate sold
      215,192       123,538       (91,654 )      (43 ) 
Services expense
      25,181       41,176       15,995       64  
Selling, general and administrative expenses
      39,415       65,759       26,344       67  
Provision for credit losses, and write-downs of long-lived assets and securities
      (20 )      201       221       —   
Other
      962       (753 )      (1,715 )      —   
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Segment Expenses
      300,438       252,787       (47,651 )      (16 ) 
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Equity in Net income (Loss) of Affiliates and others
      (4,795 )      6,676       11,471       —   
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Segment Profits
    ¥ 6,857     ¥ 22,953     ¥ 16,096       235  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
    
As of
March 31,
2023
    
As of
December 31,
2023
    
Change
  
 
 
  
   
Amount
    
Percent
(%)
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
    
(Millions of yen, except percentage data)
  
Net investment in leases
    ¥ 1,616     ¥ 1,522     ¥ (94 )      (6 ) 
Installment loans
      0       99,731       99,731       —   
Investment in operating leases
      52,976       55,484       2,508       5  
Investment in securities
      42,401       138,840       96,439       227  
Property under facility operations
      51,978       43,551       (8,427 )      (16 ) 
Inventories
      48,716       48,555       (161 )      (0 ) 
Advances for finance lease and operating lease
      4       13       9       225  
Investment in affiliates
      36,678       38,555       1,877       5  
Advances for property under facility operations
      2,354       3,739       1,385       59  
Goodwill, intangible assets acquired in business combinations
      368,748       370,839       2,091       1  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Segment Assets
    ¥    605,471       ¥ 800,829     ¥ 195,358       32  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
– 7 –
Table of Contents
Environment and Energy
:
Domestic and overseas renewable energy; electric power retailing; ESCO services; sales of solar panels and battery energy storage system; recycling and waste management
In the environment and energy business, we aim to increase services revenue as a comprehensive energy service provider by promoting our renewable energy business and electric power retailing business. In our solar power generation business, we have owned and operated one of the largest solar power capacities in total in Japan. In the recycling and waste management business, we are making new investments in facilities with the aim of further expansion of business. We intend to accelerate our renewable energy business overseas by utilizing the expertise we have gained in the domestic market.
Segment profits decreased 38% to ¥19,844 million compared to the same period of the previous fiscal year due to the absence of gains on the sale of shares of subsidiaries and affiliates resulting from the partial sale of an investee recorded in the previous fiscal year.
Segment assets increased 9% to ¥845,999 million compared to the end of the previous fiscal year, primarily due to foreign exchange effects.
 
    
Nine months
ended
December 31,
2022
    
Nine months
ended
December 31,
2023
     
Change
  
 
 
  
    
Amount
    
Percent
(%)
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
    
(Millions of yen, except percentage data)
  
Segment Revenues:
          
Finance revenues
    ¥ 892     ¥ 911      ¥ 19       2  
Services income
      164,483       119,015        (45,468 )      (28 ) 
Other
      3,044       4,025        981       32  
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Segment Revenues
      168,419       123,951        (44,468 )      (26 ) 
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Segment Expenses:
          
Interest expense
      8,703       13,815        5,112       59  
Services expense
      129,590       82,431        (47,159 )      (36 ) 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
      12,897       13,706        809       6  
Provision for credit losses, and write-downs of long-lived assets and securities
      53       48        (5 )      (9 ) 
Other
      1,660       1,066        (594 )      (36 ) 
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Segment Expenses
      152,903       111,066        (41,837 )      (27 ) 
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Equity in Net income (Loss) of Affiliates and others
      16,296       6,959        (9,337 )      (57 ) 
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Segment Profits
    ¥ 31,812     ¥ 19,844      ¥ (11,968 )      (38 ) 
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
    
As of
March 31,
2023
    
As of
December 31,
2023
     
Change
  
 
 
  
    
Amount
    
Percent
(%)
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
    
(Millions of yen, except percentage data)
  
Net investment in leases
    ¥ 6,723     ¥ 6,208      ¥ (515 )      (8 ) 
Installment loans
      190       247        57       30  
Investment in operating leases
      264       253        (11 )      (4 ) 
Investment in securities
      1,580       542        (1,038 )      (66 ) 
Property under facility operations
      362,043       415,812        53,769       15  
Inventories
      9,825       3,880        (5,945 )      (61 ) 
Advances for finance lease and operating lease
      1       1        0       —   
Investment in affiliates
      190,384       218,130        27,746       15  
Advances for property under facility operations
      88,493       77,863        (10,630 )      (12 ) 
Goodwill, intangible assets acquired in business combinations
      114,114       123,063        8,949       8  
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Segment Assets
    ¥ 773,617       ¥ 845,999      ¥ 72,382       9  
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
– 8 –
Table of Contents
Insurance
:
Life insurance
In the life insurance business, we sell life insurance through agents, banks and other financial institutions,
face-to-face
sales through our own consulting services, and online sales. With
“simple-to-understand”
and “providing reasonable guarantee at reasonable price” as the concepts of product development, we aim to expand the number of new life insurance contracts and increase life insurance premium income by constantly incorporating our customer needs while expanding the product lineup.
Segment profits increased 101% to ¥53,446 million compared to the same period of the previous fiscal year due to a decrease in life insurance costs at ORIX Life Insurance Corporation as a result of reduced payouts to policy holders compared to the same period of the previous fiscal year.
Segment assets increased 8% to ¥2,205,723 million compared to the end of the previous fiscal year due to an increase in investment in securities.
 
    
Nine months
ended
December 31,
2022
    
Nine months
ended
December 31,
2023
    
Change
  
 
 
  
   
Amount
    
Percent
(%)
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
    
(Millions of yen, except percentage data)
  
Segment Revenues:
         
Finance revenues
    ¥ 219     ¥ 212     ¥ (7 )      (3 ) 
Life insurance premiums and related investment income
      357,918       395,834       37,916       11  
Other
      1,948       1,829       (119 )      (6 ) 
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Segment Revenues
      360,085       397,875       37,790       10  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Segment Expenses:
         
Interest expense
      244       562       318       130  
Life insurance costs
      288,821       300,756       11,935       4  
Selling, general and administrative expenses
      44,462       43,318       (1,144 )      (3 ) 
Provision for credit losses, and write-downs of long-lived assets and securities
      (1 )      (2 )      (1 )      —    
Other
      (4 )      (1 )      3       —    
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Segment Expenses
      333,522       344,633       11,111       3  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Equity in Net income (Loss) of Affiliates and others
      0       204       204       —    
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Segment Profits
    ¥ 26,563     ¥ 53,446     ¥ 26,883       101  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
    
As of
March 31,
2023
    
As of
December 31,
2023
    
Change
  
 
 
  
   
Amount
    
Percent
(%)
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
    
(Millions of yen, except percentage data)
  
Installment loans
    ¥ 18,109     ¥ 14,910     ¥ (3,199 )      (18 ) 
Investment in operating leases
      27,467       27,148       (319 )      (1 ) 
Investment in securities
      2,000,150       2,159,213       159,063       8  
Goodwill, intangible assets acquired in business combinations
      4,686       4,452       (234 )      (5 ) 
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Segment Assets
    ¥   2,050,412     ¥   2,205,723     ¥ 155,311       8  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
– 9 –
Table of Contents
Banking and Credit
:
Banking; consumer finance
In the banking business, we aim to increase finance revenues mainly by origination of real estate investment loans, which is the core of our banking business. In the consumer finance business, we aim to increase finance revenues by providing loans directly to our customers with our expertise in credit screening. We also aim to increase guarantee fees income by expanding guarantees against loans disbursed by other financial institutions. In the mortgage bank business, we aim to expand our market share by expanding our agency network and strengthening our product lineup.
Segment profits increased 8% to ¥26,911 million compared to the same period of the previous fiscal year due to an increase in finance revenues and an increase in gains on investment securities and dividends, despite an increase in the provision for credit losses.
Segment assets increased 2% to ¥2,750,529 million compared to the end of the previous fiscal year due to an increase in installment loans.
 
    
Nine months
ended
December 31,
2022
    
Nine months
ended
December 31,
2023
    
Change
  
 
 
  
   
Amount
    
Percent
(%)
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
    
(Millions of yen, except percentage data)
  
Segment Revenues:
         
Finance revenues
    ¥ 57,999     ¥ 59,814     ¥ 1,815       3  
Gains on investment securities and dividends
      (1,032 )      194       1,226       —    
Services income
      5,357       5,051       (306 )      (6 ) 
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Segment Revenues
      62,324       65,059       2,735       4  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Segment Expenses:
         
Interest expense
      4,210       4,302       92       2  
Services expense
      4,997       3,905       (1,092 )      (22 ) 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
      24,045       23,929       (116 )      (0 ) 
Provision for credit losses, and write-downs of long-lived assets and securities
      4,493       6,224       1,731       39  
Other
      (288 )      (212 )      76       —    
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Segment Expenses
      37,457       38,148       691       2  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Equity in Net income (Loss) of Affiliates and others
      1       0       (1 )      —    
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Segment Profits
    ¥ 24,868     ¥ 26,911     ¥ 2,043       8  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
    
As of
March 31,
2023
    
As of
December 31,
2023
    
Change
  
 
 
  
   
Amount
    
Percent
(%)
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
    
(Millions of yen, except percentage data)
  
Installment loans
    ¥ 2,395,340     ¥ 2,438,262     ¥ 42,922       2  
Investment in securities
      291,627       300,487       8,860       3  
Inventories
      9       9       0       —    
Goodwill, intangible assets acquired in business combinations
      11,771       11,771       0       —    
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Segment Assets
    ¥   2,698,747     ¥   2,750,529     ¥ 51,782       2  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
– 10 –
Table of Contents
Aircraft and Ships
:
Aircraft investment and management; ship-related finance and investment
In the aircraft-related business, we are focusing on a wide range of profit opportunities, including operating leases of owned aircraft, sale of aircraft to investors, and asset management services for aircraft owned by domestic and overseas investors. We aim for medium- and long-term growth by further enhancing our presence in the global aircraft-leasing market including through mutually complementary relationships with Avolon Holdings Limited. In the ship-related business, we flexibly replace assets while closely monitoring the market environment, and aim to achieve goals such as an increase of commission income by arranging investment in ships for domestic corporate investors. In the future, we aim to expand our business by collaborating with excellent partners based on our expertise in finance and investment.
Segment profits decreased 5% to ¥16,118 million compared to the same period of the previous fiscal year due to the absence of operating leases revenues in our ship-related business resulting from the sale of owned vessels recorded in the previous fiscal year.
Segment assets increased 17% to ¥866,074 million compared to the end of the previous fiscal year due to an increase in investment in operating leases and an increase in investment in affiliates resulting from foreign exchange effects.
 
    
Nine months
ended
December 31,
2022
    
Nine months
ended
December 31,
2023
    
Change
  
   
Amount
    
Percent
(%)
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
    
(Millions of yen, except percentage data)
  
Segment Revenues:
         
Finance revenues
    ¥ 4,611     ¥ 5,958     ¥ 1,347       29  
Operating leases
      29,305       32,883       3,578       12  
Services income
      8,453       5,890       (2,563 )      (30 ) 
Other
      0       78       78       —   
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Segment Revenues
      42,369       44,809       2,440       6  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Segment Expenses:
         
Interest expense
      13,250       21,260       8,010       60  
Costs of operating leases
      10,977       14,865       3,888       35  
Services expense
      1,680       841       (839 )      (50 ) 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
      6,645       7,778       1,133       17  
Provision for credit losses, and write-downs of long-lived assets and securities
      (0 )      (0 )      (0 )      —   
Other
      326       (3,362 )      (3,688 )      —   
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Segment Expenses
      32,878       41,382       8,504       26  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Equity in Net income (Loss) of Affiliates and others
      7,516       12,691       5,175       69  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Segment Profits
    ¥ 17,007     ¥ 16,118     ¥ (889 )      (5 ) 
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
    
As of
March 31,
2023
    
As of
December 31,
2023
    
Change
  
   
Amount
    
Percent
(%)
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
    
(Millions of yen, except percentage data)
  
Net investment in leases
    ¥ 0     ¥ (1 )    ¥ (1 )      —   
Installment loans
      74,151       61,695       (12,456 )      (17 ) 
Investment in operating leases
      295,858       409,108       113,250       38  
Investment in securities
      5,800       5,691       (109 )      (2 ) 
Inventories
      37       0       (37 )      —   
Investment in affiliates
      348,583       373,280       24,697       7  
Goodwill, intangible assets acquired in business combinations
      18,461       16,301       (2,160 )      (12 ) 
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Segment Assets
    ¥ 742,890     ¥ 866,074     ¥ 123,184       17  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
– 11 –
Table of Contents
ORIX USA
:
Finance, investment and asset management in the Americas
ORIX Corporation USA provides various types of finance services such as corporate finance, real estate finance, private equity investment, and investment in bonds to our clients in response to their needs. We are also engaged in expanding the function of our asset management and servicing platform to increase stable fee revenues. With controlling the amount of assets and the expansion of assets under management, we aim for the growth of profits along with improvement of capital efficiency.
Segment profits decreased 16% to ¥27,832 million compared to the same period of the previous fiscal year due to a decrease in gains on investment securities and dividends, despite an increase in services income.
Segment assets decreased 1% to ¥1,451,242 million compared to the end of the previous fiscal year due to a decrease in installment loans, despite an overall increase due to foreign exchange effects.
 
    
Nine months
ended
December 31,
2022
     
Nine months
ended
December 31,
2023
    
Change
  
 
 
  
   
Amount
    
Percent
(%)
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
    
(Millions of yen, except percentage data)
  
Segment Revenues:
          
Finance revenues
    ¥ 79,811      ¥ 85,326     ¥ 5,515       7  
Gains on investment securities and dividends
      20,015        7,696       (12,319 )      (62 ) 
Services income
      33,268        39,024       5,756       17  
Other
      2,167        1,425       (742 )      (34 ) 
  
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Segment Revenues
      135,261        133,471       (1,790 )      (1 ) 
  
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Segment Expenses:
          
Interest expense
      30,277        43,774       13,497       45  
Services expense
      3,855        2,485       (1,370 )      (36 ) 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
      65,418        63,086       (2,332 )      (4 ) 
Provision for credit losses, and write-downs of long-lived assets and securities
      2,149        2,586       437       20  
Other
      4,293        (404 )      (4,697 )      —   
  
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Segment Expenses
      105,992        111,527       5,535       5  
  
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Equity in Net income (Loss) of Affiliates and others
      3,763        5,888       2,125       56  
  
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Segment Profits
    ¥ 33,032      ¥ 27,832     ¥ (5,200 )      (16 ) 
  
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
    
As of
March 31,
2023
     
As of
December 31,
2023
    
Change
  
 
 
  
   
Amount
    
Percent
(%)
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
    
(Millions of yen, except percentage data)
  
Net investment in leases
    ¥ 483      ¥ 483     ¥ 0       —   
Installment loans
      743,091        644,758       (98,333 )      (13 ) 
Investment in operating leases
      3,612        10,751       7,139       198  
Investment in securities
      423,229        491,149       67,920       16  
Property under facility operations and servicing assets
      81,291        80,773       (518 )      (1 ) 
Inventories
      142        128       (14 )      (10 ) 
Investment in affiliates
      52,408        57,101       4,693       9  
Goodwill, intangible assets acquired in business combinations
      157,811        166,099       8,288       5  
  
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Segment Assets
    ¥ 1,462,067      ¥ 1,451,242     ¥ (10,825 )      (1 ) 
  
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
– 12 –
Table of Contents
ORIX Europe
:
Asset management of global equity and fixed income
Under ORIX Corporation Europe N.V. (hereinafter, “OCE”) as the holding company, Robeco Institutional Asset Management B.V. (hereinafter, “Robeco”) and Transtrend B.V. headquartered in the Netherlands, Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc. and Harbor Capital Advisors, Inc. headquartered in the United States are engaged in the asset management business through investments in stocks, bonds, etc. In addition to the focus on expanding the existing businesses by leveraging the expertise of Robeco, a pioneer in sustainable investment, we aim to increase assets under management with expanding products and investment strategies through M&A activities. ORIX Europe is also engaged in capturing a wide range of business opportunities as the strategic business location of ORIX Group in Europe.
Segment profits decreased 42% to ¥20,815 million compared to the same period of the previous fiscal year due to an increase in interest expense related to the investment in OCE.
Segment assets increased 6% to ¥444,895 million compared to the end of the previous fiscal year, primarily due to foreign exchange effects.
 
    
Nine months
ended
December 31,
2022
    
Nine months
ended
December 31,
2023
     
Change
  
 
 
  
    
Amount
    
Percent
(%)
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
    
(Millions of yen, except percentage data)
  
Segment Revenues:
          
Finance revenues
    ¥ 437     ¥ 1,740      ¥ 1,303       298  
Gains on investment securities and dividends
      (3,515 )      6,338        9,853       —   
Services income
      160,731       156,341        (4,390 )      (3 ) 
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Segment Revenues
      157,653       164,419        6,766       4  
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Segment Expenses:
          
Interest expense
      2,071       9,819        7,748       374  
Services expense
      36,894       39,713        2,819       8  
Selling, general and administrative expenses
      83,783       94,831        11,048       13  
Provision for credit losses, and write-downs of long-lived assets and securities
      0       217        217       —   
Other
      (853 )      1,960        2,813       —   
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Segment Expenses
      121,895       146,540        24,645       20  
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Equity in Net income (Loss) of Affiliates and others
      135       2,936        2,801       —   
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Segment Profits
    ¥ 35,893     ¥ 20,815      ¥ (15,078 )      (42 ) 
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
    
As of
March 31,
2023
    
As of
December 31,
2023
     
Change
  
 
 
  
    
Amount
    
Percent
(%)
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
    
(Millions of yen, except percentage data)
  
Investment in securities
    ¥ 84,147     ¥ 89,374      ¥ 5,227       6  
Investment in affiliates
      2,714       3,398        684       25  
Goodwill, intangible assets acquired in business combinations
      331,080       352,123        21,043       6  
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Segment Assets
    ¥    417,941       ¥    444,895      ¥ 26,954       6  
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
– 13 –
Table of Contents
Asia and Australia
:
Finance and investment businesses in Asia and Australia
Our overseas subsidiaries are well-versed in business practices and laws and regulations that vary from region to region, and are primarily engaged in financial services such as leasing and lending. Our overseas subsidiaries also invest in private equity in Asian countries, particularly in China. We will further enhance the functions of our overseas subsidiaries and further invest in targeted markets in order to expand our business with an emphasis on profitability.
Segment profits decreased 40% to ¥20,696 million compared to the same period of the previous fiscal year due to the absence of gains on the sales of subsidiaries and affiliates due to the sale of certain investees recorded in the same period of the previous fiscal year and an increase in credit loss expense.
Segment assets increased 12% to ¥1,558,524 million compared to the end of the previous fiscal year due to overall foreign exchange effects and an increase in net investment in leases.
 
    
Nine months
ended
December 31,
2022
    
Nine months
ended
December 31,
2023
    
Change
  
 
 
  
   
Amount
    
Percent
(%)
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
    
(Millions of yen, except percentage data)
  
Segment Revenues:
         
Finance revenues
    ¥ 44,401     ¥ 52,276     ¥ 7,875       18  
Gains on investment securities and dividends
      3,110       102       (3,008 )      (97 ) 
Operating leases
      78,416       89,624       11,208       14  
Services income
      15,478       18,378       2,900       19  
Other
      1,314       361       (953 )      (73 ) 
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Segment Revenues
      142,719       160,741       18,022       13  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Segment Expenses:
         
Interest expense
      22,585       34,942       12,357       55  
Costs of operating leases
      58,793       66,702       7,909       13  
Services expense
      9,118       11,243       2,125       23  
Selling, general and administrative expenses
      28,116       30,648       2,532       9  
Provision for credit losses, and write-downs of long-lived assets and securities
      1,242       5,027       3,785       305  
Other
      1,747       (924 )      (2,671 )      —   
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Segment Expenses
      121,601       147,638       26,037       21  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Equity in Net income (Loss) of Affiliates and others
      13,339       7,593       (5,746 )      (43 ) 
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Segment Profits
    ¥ 34,457     ¥ 20,696     ¥ (13,761 )      (40 ) 
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
    
As of
March 31,
2023
    
As of
December 31,
2023
    
Change
  
 
 
  
   
Amount
    
Percent
(%)
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
    
(Millions of yen, except percentage data)
  
Net investment in leases
    ¥ 454,961     ¥ 524,399     ¥ 69,438       15  
Installment loans
      312,788       328,893       16,105       5  
Investment in operating leases
      329,549       386,163       56,614       17  
Investment in securities
      50,360       46,560       (3,800 )      (8 ) 
Property under facility operations
      1,184       1,752       568       48  
Inventories
      202       260       58       29  
Advances for finance lease and operating lease
      3,720       4,613       893       24  
Investment in affiliates
      235,586       258,894       23,308       10  
Goodwill, intangible assets acquired in business combinations
      6,746       6,990       244       4  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Segment Assets
    ¥  1,395,096       ¥  1,558,524     ¥ 163,428       12  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
– 14 –
Table of Contents
(2) Financial Condition
 
    
As of
March 31,
2023
    
As of
December 31,
2023
    
Change
  
 
 
  
   
Amount
    
Percent
(%)
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
    
(Millions of yen except per share, ratios and
percentages)
  
Total assets
    ¥ 15,289,385     ¥ 15,769,189     ¥ 479,804       3  
(Segment assets)
      12,595,338       13,435,114       839,776       7  
Total liabilities
      11,674,118       11,962,328       288,210       2  
(Short- and long-term debt)
      5,718,519       5,980,619       262,100       5  
(Deposits)
      2,246,345       2,228,454       (17,891 )      (1 ) 
ORIX Corporation shareholders’ equity
      3,543,607       3,727,404       183,797       5  
ORIX Corporation shareholders’ equity per share (yen)*1
      3,027.93       3,237.25       209.32       7  
ORIX Corporation shareholders’ equity ratio*2
      23.2 %      23.6 %      —        —   
D/E ratio
(Debt-to-equity
ratio)
(Short-and
long-term debt (excluding deposits) / ORIX Corporation shareholders’ equity)
      1.6x       1.6x       —        —   
 
*1 ORIX Corporation shareholders’ equity per share is calculated using total ORIX Corporation shareholders’ equity.
*2 ORIX Corporation shareholders’ equity ratio is the ratio as of the period end of ORIX Corporation shareholders’ equity to total assets.
*3 LDTI standard has been adopted since April 1, 2023, with the transition date of April 1, 2021, using the modified retrospective transition approach.
Total assets increased 3% to ¥15,769,189 million compared to the balance as of March 31, 2023 due to increases in net investment in leases, investment in operating leases, investment in securities and investments in affiliates despite a decrease in cash and cash equivalents. In addition, segment assets increased 7% to ¥13,435,114 million compared to the balance as of March 31, 2023.
Total liabilities increased 2% to ¥11,962,328 million compared to the balance as of March 31, 2023 due to increases in short- and long-term debt despite a decrease in trade notes, accounts and other payable.
Shareholders’ equity increased 5% to ¥3,727,404 million compared to the balance as of March 31, 2023.
 
– 15 –
Table of Contents
(3) Liquidity and Capital Resources
ORIX Group formulates funding policies that are designed to maintain and improve procurement stability and reduce liquidity risk. As a concrete measure to maintain and improve procurement stability while engaging in activities such as borrowing, capital market procurement and securitization of assets, we are diversifying our procurement methods and our country and investor base. To reduce liquidity risk, we are prolonging our borrowings from financial institutions and issuing long-term corporate bonds domestically and internationally with dispersed redemption periods. We are also holding cash and entering into committed credit facilities agreements. In order to maintain an appropriate level of liquidity at hand, we conduct stress tests from the perspective of both procurement stability and financial efficiency and review the necessary levels accordingly.
The Company continues to closely monitor the impact of geopolitical risks, increased inflation and higher interest expense around the world on the liquidity and capital resources of the ORIX Group.
Our funding is comprised of borrowings from financial institutions, direct fund procurement from capital markets, and deposits. ORIX Group’s total funding including that from short-term and long-term debt and deposits on a consolidated basis was ¥8,209,073 million as of December 31, 2023. Borrowings are procured from a diverse range of financial institutions including major banks, regional banks, foreign banks and life and casualty insurance companies. The number of financial institutions from which we procured borrowings was about 200 as of December 31, 2023. Our debt from capital markets is mainly composed of bonds, MTNs, CP, and securitization of loans receivables and other assets. The majority of deposits are attributable to ORIX Bank Corporation.
Short-term and long-term debt and deposits
(a) Short-term debt
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
March 31, 2023
     
December 31, 2023
  
Borrowings from financial institutions
    ¥ 464,287      ¥ 534,839  
Bonds
      0        1,101  
Commercial paper
    ¥ 44,509      ¥ 104,439  
Payables under securitized loan receivables and other assets
      0        6,524  
  
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total short-term debt
    ¥ 508,796      ¥ 646,903  
  
 
 
     
 
 
  
 
Short-term debt as of December 31, 2023 was ¥646,903 million, which accounted for 11% of the total amount of short-term and long-term debt (excluding deposits) as compared to 9% as of March 31, 2023.
 
 
While the amount of short-term debt as of December 31, 2023 was ¥646,903 million, the sum of cash and cash equivalents and the unused amount of committed credit facilities as of December 31, 2023 was ¥1,412,697 million, maintaining a sufficient level of liquidity.
 
 
(b) Long-term debt
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
March 31, 2023
     
December 31, 2023
  
Borrowings from financial institutions
    ¥ 3,734,530      ¥ 3,770,553  
Bonds
      1,175,087        1,250,866  
Medium-term notes
      149,535        163,866  
Payables under securitized loan receivables and other assets
      150,571        148,431  
  
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total long-term debt
    ¥ 5,209,723      ¥ 5,333,716  
  
 
 
     
 
 
  
 
The balance of long-term debt as of December 31, 2023 was ¥5,333,716 million, which accounted for 89% of the total amount of short-term and long-term debt (excluding deposits) as compared to 91% as of March 31, 2023.
 
 
(c) Deposits
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
  March 31, 2023  
     
December 31, 2023
  
Deposits
    ¥              2,246,345      ¥              2,228,454  
Apart from the short-term and long-term debt noted above, ORIX Bank Corporation and ORIX Asia Limited accept deposits. These deposit-taking subsidiaries are regulated institutions, and loans from these subsidiaries to ORIX Group entities are subject to maximum regulatory limits.
 
– 16 –
Table of Contents
(4) Summary of Cash Flows
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as of December 31, 2023 decreased by ¥321,813 million to ¥1,045,095 million compared to March 31, 2023.
Cash flows provided by operating activities were inflow of ¥926,586 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2023, up from ¥579,624 million during the same period of the previous fiscal year. This change resulted primarily from the absence of an increase in payment of income taxes in the nine months ended December 31, 2022, and other. Cash outflow resulting from payment of income taxes is included in other, net.
Cash flows used in investing activities were outflow of ¥1,215,259 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2023, up from ¥691,718 million during the same period of the previous fiscal year. This change resulted primarily from an increase in purchases of lease equipment and a decrease in proceeds from sales of available-for-sale debt securities.
Cash flows used in financing activities were outflow of ¥52,601 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2023, compared to the inflow of ¥69,267 million during the same period of the previous fiscal year. This change resulted primarily from a decrease in proceeds from debt with maturities longer than three months, partially offset by a change from a decrease to an increase in debt with maturities of three months or less.
(5) Management Policy and Strategy
There were no significant changes for the nine months ended December 31, 2023.
(6) Challenges to be addressed on a priority basis
There were no significant changes for the nine months ended December 31, 2023.
(7) Research and Development Activity
There were no significant changes in research and development activities for the nine months ended December 31, 2023.
(8) Major Facilities
There were no significant changes in major facilities for the nine months ended December 31, 2023.
 
4.
Material Contracts
Not applicable.
 
– 17 –
Table of Contents
5.
Company Stock Information
(The following disclosure is provided for ORIX Corporation on a stand-alone basis and has been prepared based on Japanese GAAP.)
(1) Issued Shares, Common Stock and Capital Reserve
The number of issued shares, the amount of common stock and capital reserve for the three months ended December 31, 2023 is as follows:
 
In thousands
  
Millions of yen
Number of issued shares
  
Common stock
  
Capital reserve
Increase, net
  
December 31, 2023
  
Increase, net
  
December 31, 2023
  
Increase, net
  
December 31, 2023
0   1,234,849   ¥0   ¥221,111   ¥0   ¥248,290
 
Note:
As of January 19, 2024, after the third quarter closing date, the total number of issued shares has decreased by 19,888 thousand shares due to the cancellation of treasury stock.
(2) List of Major Shareholders
Not applicable (this item is not subject to disclosure in the quarterly report for the three months ended December 31, 2023).
 
6.
Directors and Executive Officers
Between the filing date of Form
20-F
for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, personnel changes of our directors and executive officers were as follows:
(1) Departures
 
Name
   
Title
   
Areas of duties
   
The day of retirement
Hitomaro Yano
    Executive Officer   
Corporate Function Unit
Responsible for Treasury, Accounting,
Corporate Planning, Investor Relations and Sustainability
    December 31, 2023
 
– 18 –
Table of Contents
7.
Financial Information
(1) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
Assets
   
 March 31, 2023 
    
December 31, 2023
  
Cash and Cash Equivalents
    ¥ 1,231,860     ¥ 904,289  
Restricted Cash
      135,048       140,806  
Net Investment in Leases
      1,087,563       1,157,610  
Installment Loans
      3,877,602       3,890,560  
The amounts which are measured at fair value by electing the fair value option are as follows:
                 
March 31, 2023
   ¥197,041 million                 
December 31, 2023
   ¥121,135 million                 
Allowance for Credit Losses
      (64,723 )      (68,031 ) 
Investment in Operating Leases
      1,537,178       1,723,133  
Investment in Securities
      2,940,858       3,274,553  
The amounts which are measured at fair value by electing the fair value option are as follows:
                 
March 31, 2023
   ¥22,874 million                 
December 31, 2023
   ¥27,266 million                 
The amounts which are associated to
available-for-sale
debt securities are as follows:
                 
March 31, 2023
                     
Amortized Cost
   ¥2,488,858 million                 
Allowance for Credit Losses
   ¥(144) million                 
December 31, 2023
                     
Amortized Cost
   ¥2,866,811 million                 
Allowance for Credit Losses
   ¥(594) million                 
Property under Facility Operations
      620,994       661,337  
Investment in Affiliates
      1,000,704       1,101,560  
The amounts which are measured at fair value by electing the fair value option are as follows:
                 
March 31, 2023
   ¥2,511 million                 
December 31, 2023
   ¥5,737 million                 
Trade Notes, Accounts and Other Receivable
      441,803       381,522  
Inventories
      169,021       231,186  
Office Facilities
      253,649       249,468  
Other Assets
      2,057,828       2,121,196  
The amounts which are measured at fair value by electing the fair value option are as follows:
                 
March 31, 2023
   ¥4,676 million                 
December 31, 2023
   ¥3,433 million                 
        
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Assets
    ¥          15,289,385     ¥           15,769,189  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
Notes: 1.
Accounting Standards Update
2018-12
(“Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts”—ASC 944 (“Financial Services—Insurance”)) (hereinafter “LDTI”) has been adopted since April 1, 2023, with the transition date of April 1, 2021, using the modified retrospective transition approach. For further information, see Note 2 “Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies (z) New accounting pronouncements.”
 2.  The assets of consolidated variable interest entities (VIEs) that can be used only to settle obligations of those VIEs are below:

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
  March 31, 2023  
    
December 31, 2023
  
Cash and Cash Equivalents
    ¥ 3,544     ¥ 5,527  
Net Investment in Leases (Net of Allowance for Credit Losses)
      0       6,524  
Installment Loans (Net of Allowance for Credit Losses)
      214,118
 
 		     182,547  
Investment in Operating Leases
      65,314       77,913  
Property under Facility Operations
      159,991       153,621  
Investment in Affiliates
      50,406       50,186  
Other
      73,093       81,287  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
     ¥              566,466     ¥              557,605  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
– 19 –

Table of Contents
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
Liabilities and Equity
   
March 31, 2023
    
December 31, 2023
  
Liabilities:
                 
Short-Term Debt
    ¥ 508,796     ¥ 646,903  
Deposits
      2,246,345       2,228,454  
Trade Notes, Accounts and Other Payable
      366,851       330,553  
Policy Liabilities and Policy Account Balances
      1,832,057       1,858,493  
The amounts which are measured at fair value by electing the fair value option are as follows:
                 
March 31, 2023
   ¥163,734 million                 
December 31, 2023
   ¥157,813 million                 
Current and Deferred Income Taxes
      454,262       509,011  
Long-Term Debt
      5,209,723       5,333,716  
Other Liabilities
      1,056,084       1,055,198  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Liabilities
      11,674,118       11,962,328  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
      945       1,845  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities
             
Equity:
                 
Common Stock
      221,111       221,111  
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
      233,169       233,750  
Retained Earnings
      3,054,448       3,173,754  
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
      156,135       269,896  
Treasury Stock, at Cost
      (121,256 )      (171,107 )
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
ORIX Corporation Shareholders’ Equity
      3,543,607       3,727,404  
Noncontrolling Interests
      70,715       77,612  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Equity
      3,614,322       3,805,016  
        
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Liabilities and Equity
    ¥          15,289,385     ¥          15,769,189  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  

Notes:
  
1.
  
LDTI standard has been adopted since April 1, 2023, with the transition date of April 1, 2021, using the modified retrospective transition approach. For further information, see Note 2 “Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies (z) New accounting pronouncements.”
  
2.
  
The liabilities of consolidated VIEs for which creditors (or beneficial interest holders) do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company and its subsidiaries are below:
 
 
  
Millions of yen
 
 
  
 March 31, 2023 
 
 
December 31, 2023
 
Short-Term Debt
    ¥ 0     ¥ 6,524  
Trade Notes, Accounts and Other Payable
      1,436       1,063  
Long-Term Debt
      349,528       347,341  
Other
      26,971       28,076  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
     ¥               377,935      ¥            383,004  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
– 20 –
Table of Contents
(2) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Nine months ended

December 31, 2022
    
Nine months ended

December 31, 2023
  
Revenues:
                 
Finance revenues
    ¥ 237,008     ¥ 258,839  
Gains
 
on investment securities and dividends
      19,168       16,617  
Operating leases
      368,760       391,436  
Life insurance premiums and related investment income
      356,317       394,012  
Sales of goods and real estate
      316,979       261,439  
Services income
      696,612       715,517  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total revenues
      1,994,844       2,037,860  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Expenses:
                 
Interest expense
      88,631       138,594  
Costs of operating leases
      249,541       266,402  
Life insurance costs
                    287,792       300,798  
Costs of goods and real estate sold
      272,979       187,249  
Services expense
      421,259       410,379  
Other (income) and expense
      12,373       187  
Selling, general and administrative expenses
      412,287       458,936  
Provision for credit losses
      7,707       14,212  
Write-downs of long-lived assets
      1,807       643  
Write-downs of securities
      607       262  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total expenses
      1,754,983       1,777,662  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Operating Income
      239,861       260,198  
Equity in Net Income of Affiliates
      18,275       38,231  
Gains on Sales of Subsidiaries and Affiliates and Liquidation Losses, net
      26,872       11,578  
Bargain Purchase Gain
      1,018       0  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Income before Income Taxes
      286,026       310,007  
Provision for Income Taxes
      68,836       92,382  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Net Income
      217,190       217,625  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to the Noncontrolling Interests
      5,247       (1,645 ) 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Net Income Attributable to the Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
      23       65  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Net Income Attributable to ORIX Corporation Shareholders
    ¥ 211,920     ¥ 219,205  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
   
    
Yen
  
    
Nine months ended

 December 31, 2022 
    
Nine months ended

 December 31, 2023 
  
Amounts per Share of Common Stock for Net Income Attributable to ORIX Corporation Shareholders:
                 
Basic:
    ¥ 179.08     ¥ 188.68  
Diluted:
                       178.86                       188.39  

Note:
  
LDTI standard has been adopted since April 1, 2023, with the transition date of April 1, 2021, using the modified retrospective transition approach. For further information, see Note 2 “Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies (z) New accounting pronouncements.”
 
– 21 –
Table of Contents
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Three months ended

December 31, 2022
     
Three months ended

December 31, 2023
  
Revenues:
                  
Finance revenues
    ¥ 83,857      ¥ 87,902  
Gains on investment securities and dividends
      19,914        5,283  
Operating leases
      119,616        131,487  
Life insurance premiums and related investment income
      93,106        108,274  
Sales of goods and real estate
      51,959        87,639  
Services income
      261,576        257,540  
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total revenues
      630,028        678,125  
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
Expenses:
                  
Interest expense
      37,158        47,703  
Costs of operating leases
      84,700        89,508  
Life insurance costs
      67,077        78,701  
Costs of goods and real estate sold
      40,770        62,454  
Services expense
      153,485        143,202  
Other (income) and expense
      5,432        (2,316 ) 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
      144,333        156,671  
Provision for credit losses
      6,033        5,688  
Write-downs of long-lived assets
      1,554        105  
Write-downs of securities
      536        246  
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total expenses
      541,078        581,962  
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
Operating Income
      88,950        96,163  
Equity in Net Income of Affiliates
      11,651        21,427  
Gains on Sales of Subsidiaries and Affiliates and Liquidation Losses, net
      18,283        7,950  
Bargain Purchase Gain
      1,018        0  
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
Income before Income Taxes
      119,902        125,540  
Provision for Income Taxes
      28,855        38,555  
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
Net Income
      91,047        86,985  
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to the Noncontrolling Interests
      1,426        (4,147 ) 
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
Net Income Attributable to the Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
      11        27  
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
Net Income Attributable to ORIX Corporation Shareholders
    ¥ 89,610      ¥ 91,105  
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
   
    
Yen
  
    
Three months ended

 December 31, 2022 
     
Three months ended

 December 31, 2023 
  
Amounts per Share of Common Stock for Net Income Attributable to ORIX Corporation Shareholders:
                  
Basic:
    ¥ 76.30      ¥ 78.91  
Diluted:
                        76.20                        78.78  
 
Note:
  
LDTI standard has been adopted since April 1, 2023, with the transition date of April 1, 2021, using the modified retrospective transition approach. For further information, see Note 2 “Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies (z) New accounting pronouncements.”
 
– 22 –
Table of Contents
(3) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Nine months ended

December 31, 2022
    
Nine months ended

December 31, 2023
  
Net Income
    ¥ 217,190     ¥ 217,625  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
                 
Net change of unrealized gains (losses) on investment in securities
      (182,383 )      (53,066 ) 
Impact of changes in policy liability discount rate
      169,383       64,666  
Net change of debt valuation adjustments
      12       (149 ) 
Net change of defined benefit pension plans
      (192 )      (84 ) 
Net change of foreign currency translation adjustments
                     107,330       106,651  
Net change of unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments
      21,177       (3,012 ) 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total other comprehensive income
      115,327       115,006  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Comprehensive Income
      332,517       332,631  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to the Noncontrolling Interests
      11,065       (639 ) 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Comprehensive Income Attributable to the Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
      25       139  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Comprehensive Income Attributable to ORIX Corporation Shareholders
    ¥ 321,427     ¥ 333,131  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
   
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Three months ended

December 31, 2022
    
Three months ended

December 31, 2023
  
Net Income
    ¥ 91,047     ¥ 86,985  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
                 
Net change of unrealized gains (losses) on investment in securities
      (38,516 )      47,346  
Impact of changes in policy liability discount rate
      10,017       (45,910 ) 
Net change of debt valuation adjustments
      (48 )      (26 ) 
Net change of defined benefit pension plans
      124       5  
Net change of foreign currency translation adjustments
      (77,765 )      (56,932 )
Net change of unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments
      2,646       (5,420 ) 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
      (103,542 )     (60,937 )
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
      (12,495 )     26,048  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to the Noncontrolling Interests
      (2,116 )      (8,192 ) 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to the Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
      (75 )      (61 ) 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to ORIX Corporation Shareholders
    ¥ (10,304 )   ¥ 34,301  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
Note:
  
LDTI standard has been adopted since April 1, 2023, with the transition date of April 1, 2021, using the modified retrospective transition approach. For further information, see Note 2 “Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies (z) New accounting pronouncements.”
 
– 23 –
Table of Contents
(4) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (Unaudited)
Nine months ended December 31, 2022
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
ORIX Corporation Shareholders’ Equity
              
    
Common

Stock
     
Additional

Paid-in

Capital
    
Retained

Earnings
    
Accumulated

Other

Comprehensive

Income (Loss)
    
Treasury

Stock
    
Total ORIX

Corporation

Shareholders’

Equity
    
Noncontrolling

Interests
    
Total

Equity
  
Balance at March 31, 2022
    ¥ 221,111      ¥ 260,479     ¥ 2,914,558     ¥ 21,495     ¥ (113,447 )    ¥ 3,304,196     ¥ 109,982     ¥ 3,414,178  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Contribution to subsidiaries
                                               0       3,098       3,098  
Transaction with noncontrolling interests
               235                               235       (3,925 )      (3,690 ) 
Comprehensive income, net of tax:
                                                                  
Net income
                       211,920                       211,920       5,247       217,167  
Other comprehensive income (loss)
                                                                  
Net change of unrealized gains (losses) on investment in securities
                               (182,383 )              (182,383 )      0       (182,383 ) 
Impact of changes in policy liability discount rate
                               169,383               169,383       0       169,383  
Net change of debt valuation adjustments
                               12               12       0       12  
Net change of defined benefit pension plans
                               (190 )              (190 )      (2 )      (192 ) 
Net change of foreign currency translation adjustments
                               103,471               103,471       3,857       107,328  
Net change of unrealized gains on derivative instruments
                               19,214               19,214       1,963       21,177  
                                             
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total other comprehensive income
                                               109,507       5,818       115,325  
                                             
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total comprehensive income
                                               321,427       11,065       332,492  
                                             
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Cash dividends
                       (106,290 )                      (106,290 )      (17,408 )      (123,698 ) 
Acquisition of treasury stock
                                       (52,071 )      (52,071 )      0       (52,071 ) 
Disposal of treasury stock
               (29 )                      16       (13 )      0       (13 ) 
Other, net
               620                               620       0       620  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Balance at December 31, 2022
    ¥ 221,111      ¥ 261,305     ¥ 3,020,188     ¥ 131,002     ¥ (165,502 )    ¥ 3,468,104     ¥ 102,812     ¥ 3,570,916  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Nine months ended December 31, 2023
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
ORIX Corporation Shareholders’ Equity
              
    
Common

Stock
     
Additional

Paid-in

Capital
    
Retained

Earnings
    
Accumulated

Other

Comprehensive

Income (Loss)
    
Treasury

Stock
    
Total ORIX

Corporation

Shareholders’

Equity
    
Noncontrolling

Interests
    
Total

Equity
  
Balance at March 31, 2023
    ¥ 221,111      ¥ 233,169     ¥ 3,054,448     ¥ 156,135     ¥ (121,256 )    ¥ 3,543,607     ¥ 70,715     ¥ 3,614,322  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Contribution to subsidiaries
                                               0       9,612       9,612  
Transaction with noncontrolling interests
               86               (165 )              (79 )      (554 )     (633 )
Comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
                                                                  
Net income (loss)
                       219,205                       219,205       (1,645 )      217,560  
Other comprehensive income (loss)
                                                                  
Net change of unrealized gains (losses) on investment in securities
                               (53,074 )              (53,074 )      0       (53,074 ) 
Impact of changes in policy liability discount rate
                               64,666               64,666       0       64,666  
Net change of debt valuation adjustments
                               (149 )              (149 )      0       (149 ) 
Net change of defined benefit pension plans
                               (78 )              (78 )      (6 )      (84 ) 
Net change of foreign currency translation adjustments
                               105,455               105,455       1,130       106,585  
Net change of unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments
                               (2,894 )              (2,894 )      (118 )      (3,012 ) 
                                             
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total other comprehensive income
                                               113,926       1,006       114,932  
                                             
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total comprehensive income (loss)
                                               333,131       (639 )      332,492  
                                             
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Cash dividends
                       (99,900 )                      (99,900 )      (1,522 )      (101,422 ) 
Acquisition of treasury stock
                                       (50,001 )      (50,001 )      0       (50,001 ) 
Disposal of treasury stock
               (150 )                      150       0       0       0  
Other, net
               645       1                       646       0       646  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Balance at December 31, 2023
    ¥ 221,111      ¥ 233,750     ¥ 3,173,754     ¥ 269,896     ¥ (171,107 )    ¥ 3,727,404     ¥ 77,612     ¥ 3,805,016  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
Notes:
  
1.
  
Changes in the redeemable noncontrolling interests are not included in this table. For further information, see Note 12 “Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests.”
  
2.
  
LDTI standard has been adopted since April 1, 2023, with the transition date of April 1, 2021, using the modified retrospective transition approach. For further information, see Note 2 “Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies (z) New accounting pronouncements.”
 
– 24 –
Table of Contents
Three months ended December 31, 2022
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
ORIX Corporation Shareholders’ Equity
              
    
Common

Stock
     
Additional

Paid-in

Capital
     
Retained

Earnings
    
Accumulated

Other

Comprehensive

Income (Loss)
    
Treasury

Stock
    
Total ORIX

Corporation

Shareholders’

Equity
    
Noncontrolling

Interests
    
Total

Equity
  
Balance at September 30, 2022
    ¥ 221,111      ¥ 260,880      ¥ 2,981,164     ¥ 230,916     ¥ (146,582 )    ¥ 3,547,489     ¥ 106,409     ¥ 3,653,898  
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Contribution to subsidiaries
                                                0       1,376       1,376  
Transaction with noncontrolling interests
               249                                249       (504 )      (255 ) 
Comprehensive income, net of tax:
                                                                   
Net income
                        89,610                       89,610       1,426       91,036  
Other comprehensive income (loss)
                                                                   
Net change of unrealized gains (losses) on investment in securities
                                (38,516 )              (38,516 )      0       (38,516 ) 
Impact of changes in policy liability discount rate
                                10,017               10,017       0       10,017  
Net change of debt valuation adjustments
                                (48 )              (48 )      0       (48 ) 
Net change of defined benefit pension plans
                                128               128       (4 )      124  
Net change of foreign currency translation adjustments
                                (73,650 )              (73,650 )      (4,029 )      (77,679 ) 
Net change of unrealized gains on derivative instruments
                                2,155               2,155       491       2,646  
                                              
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
                                                (99,914 )     (3,542 )      (103,456 )
                                              
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total comprehensive income (loss)
                                                (10,304 )     (2,116 )      (12,420 )
                                              
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Cash dividends
                        (50,586 )                      (50,586 )      (2,353 )      (52,939 ) 
Acquisition of treasury stock
                                        (18,920 )      (18,920 )      0       (18,920 ) 
Disposal of treasury stock
                                                0       0       0  
Other, net
               176                                176       0       176  
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Balance at December 31, 2022
    ¥ 221,111      ¥ 261,305      ¥ 3,020,188     ¥ 131,002     ¥ (165,502 )    ¥ 3,468,104     ¥ 102,812     ¥ 3,570,916  
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Three months ended December 31, 2023
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
ORIX Corporation Shareholders’ Equity
              
    
Common

Stock
     
Additional

Paid-in

Capital
    
Retained

Earnings
    
Accumulated

Other

Comprehensive

Income (Loss)
    
Treasury

Stock
    
Total ORIX

Corporation

Shareholders’

Equity
    
Noncontrolling

Interests
    
Total

Equity
  
Balance at September 30, 2023
    ¥ 221,111      ¥ 233,679     ¥ 3,132,339     ¥ 326,700     ¥ (152,731 )    ¥ 3,761,098     ¥ 80,898     ¥ 3,841,996  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Contribution to subsidiaries
                                               0       6,666       6,666  
Transaction with noncontrolling interests
               2                               2       (1,592 )     (1,590 )
Comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
                                                                  
Net income (loss)
                       91,105                       91,105       (4,147 )      86,958  
Other comprehensive income (loss)
                                                                  
Net change of unrealized gains (losses) on investment in securities
                               47,337               47,337       0       47,337  
Impact of changes in policy liability discount rate
                               (45,910 )              (45,910 )      0       (45,910 ) 
Net change of debt valuation adjustments
                               (26 )              (26 )      0       (26 ) 
Net change of defined benefit pension plans
                               11               11       (6 )      5  
Net change of foreign currency translation adjustments
                               (52,774 )             (52,774 )     (4,061 )     (56,835 )
Net change of unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments
                               (5,442 )              (5,442 )      22       (5,420 ) 
                                             
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
                                            
 
 
 
(56,804

) 
  
 
 
 
(4,045

) 
  
 
 
 
(60,849

) 
                                             
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total comprehensive income (loss)
                                               34,301       (8,192 )     26,109  
                                             
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Cash dividends
                       (49,691 )                      (49,691 )      (168 )      (49,859 ) 
Acquisition of treasury stock
                                       (18,527 )      (18,527 )      0       (18,527 ) 
Disposal of treasury stock
      0        (150 )                      150       0       0       0  
Other, net
               219       1               1       221       0       221  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Balance at December 31, 2023
    ¥ 221,111      ¥ 233,750     ¥ 3,173,754     ¥ 269,896     ¥ (171,107 )    ¥ 3,727,404     ¥ 77,612     ¥ 3,805,016  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
Notes:
  
1.  Changes in the redeemable noncontrolling interests are not included in this table. For further information, see Note 12 “Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests.”
  
2.  LDTI standard has been adopted since April 1, 2023, with the transition date of April 1, 2021, using the modified retrospective transition approach. For further information, see Note 2 “Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies (z) New accounting pronouncements.
 
 
– 25 –

Table of Contents
(5) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Nine months ended

December 31, 2022
    
Nine months ended

December 31, 2023
  
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
                 
Net income
   
¥
217,190
 
   ¥ 217,625  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
                 
Depreciation and amortization
   
 
251,220
 
     273,535  
Principal payments received under net investment in leases
   
 
356,246
 
     365,449  
Provision for credit losses
   
 
7,707
 
     14,212  
Equity in net income of affiliates (excluding interest on loans)
   
 
(16,991
) 
     (37,607 ) 
Gains on sales of subsidiaries and affiliates and liquidation losses, net
   
 
(26,872
) 
     (11,578 ) 
Bargain purchase gain
   
 
(1,018
) 
     0  
Gains on sales of securities other than trading
   
 
(10,126
) 
     (5,140 ) 
Gains on sales of operating lease assets
   
 
(39,153
) 
     (37,493 ) 
Write-downs of long-lived assets
   
 
1,807
 
     643  
Write-downs of securities
   
 
607
 
     262  
Decrease in trading securities
   
 
33,213
 
     2,582  
Increase in inventories
   
 
(21,361
) 
     (60,816 ) 
Decrease in trade notes, accounts and other receivable
   
 
20,913
 
     13,444  
Decrease in trade notes, accounts and other payable
   
 
(30,761
) 
     (21,735 )
Increase in policy liabilities and policy account balances
   
 
66,741
 
     112,418  
Other, net
      (229,738 )      100,785  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Net cash provided by operating activities
      579,624       926,586  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
                 
Purchases of lease equipment
   
 
(702,030
) 
     (894,199 ) 
Installment loans made to customers
   
 
(922,354
) 
     (994,629 ) 
Principal collected on installment loans
   
 
938,810
 
     922,464  
Proceeds from sales of operating lease assets
   
 
180,743
 
     156,369  
Investment in affiliates, net
   
 
(27,465
) 
     (30,730 )
Proceeds from sales of investment in affiliates
   
 
78,151
 
     18,350  
Purchases of
available-for-sale
debt securities
   
 
(401,335
) 
     (370,434 ) 
Proceeds from sales of
available-for-sale
debt securities
   
 
246,811
 
     131,696  
Proceeds from redemption of
available-for-sale
debt securities
   
 
36,194
 
     30,126  
Purchases of equity securities other than trading
   
 
(52,319
) 
     (145,512 ) 
Proceeds from sales of equity securities other than trading
   
 
39,719
 
     18,007  
Purchases of property under facility operations
   
 
(74,858
) 
     (56,042 ) 
Acquisitions of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired
   
 
(45,696
) 
     (13,254 ) 
Sales of subsidiaries, net of cash disposed
   
 
20,242
 
     20,404  
Other, net
      (6,331 )      (7,875 )
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Net cash used in investing activities
      (691,718 )      (1,215,259 )
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
                 
Net increase (decrease) in debt with maturities of three months or less
   
 
(25,236
) 
     94,851  
Proceeds from debt with maturities longer than three months
   
 
1,085,793
 
     758,340  
Repayment of debt with maturities longer than three months
   
 
(835,816
) 
     (753,517 )
Net increase (decrease) in deposits due to customers
   
 
33,284
 
     (18,373 ) 
Cash dividends paid to ORIX Corporation shareholders
   
 
(106,290
) 
     (99,900 ) 
Acquisition of treasury stock
   
 
(52,071
) 
     (50,001 ) 
Contribution from noncontrolling interests
   
 
3,390
 
     7,984  
Purchases of shares of subsidiaries from noncontrolling interests
   
 
(1,724
) 
     (108 ) 
Net increase (decrease) in call money
   
 
(15,000
) 
     10,000  
Other, net
      (17,063 )      (1,877 ) 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
      69,267       (52,601 )
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
      18,033       19,461  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Net decrease in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
   
 
(24,794
) 
     (321,813 ) 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at Beginning of Period
   
 
1,091,812
 
     1,366,908  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at End of Period
   
¥
1,067,018
 
   ¥ 1,045,095  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
Notes:
  
1.
  
The following tables provide information about Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash which are included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
December 31, 2022
    
December 31, 2023
  
Cash and Cash Equivalents
   
¥
951,148
 
  
¥
904,289
 
Restricted Cash
   
 
115,870
 
  
 
140,806
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
   
¥
1,067,018
  
  
¥
1,045,095
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
    
  
2.
  
LDTI standard has been adopted since April 1, 2023, with the transition date of April 1, 2021, using the modified retrospective transition approach. For further information, see Note 2 “Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies (z) New accounting pronouncements.”
 
– 26 –

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
1.
Overview of Accounting Principles Utilized
In preparing the accompanying consolidated financial statements, ORIX Corporation (the “Company”) and its subsidiaries have complied with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”).
These statements include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) that we considered necessary to present a fair statement of our results of operations, financial position and cash flows. The results reported in these consolidated financial statements should not be regarded as necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the entire year. These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in our March 31, 2023 consolidated financial statements on Form
20-F.
Since the Company listed on the New York Stock Exchange in September 1998, the Company has filed the annual report (Form
20-F)
including the consolidated financial statements with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Significant differences between U.S. GAAP and generally accepted accounting principles in Japan (“Japanese GAAP”) are as follows:
(a) Initial direct costs
Under U.S. GAAP, initial direct costs of sales-type leases and direct financing leases are mainly being deferred and amortized as a yield adjustment over the life of the related lease using the interest method. Initial direct costs of operating leases are being deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over the life of the related lease. Initial direct costs of loans are mainly being deferred and amortized over the term of the related loans using the interest method.
Under Japanese GAAP, those initial direct costs are recognized as expenses when they are incurred.
(b) Allowance for credit losses
Under U.S. GAAP, the allowance for credit losses to financial assets not individually evaluated is accounted for estimating all credit losses expected to occur in future over the remaining life. And for the credit losses over the remaining life resulting from
off-balance
sheet credit exposures, the allowance is recognized.
Under Japanese GAAP, the allowance for loan losses to financial receivables, etc. not individually evaluated is accounted for based on the prior
charge-off
experience to the outstanding balance of financial receivables at the reporting date.
(c) Operating leases
Under U.S. GAAP, revenues from operating leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract terms. Operating lease assets are depreciated over their estimated useful lives mainly on a straight-line basis.
Japanese GAAP allows for operating lease assets to be depreciated using mainly either a declining-balance basis or a straight-line basis.
(d) Accounting for life insurance operations
Under U.S. GAAP, certain costs related directly to the successful acquisition of new (or renewal of) insurance contracts are deferred and amortized over the expected period of the policies on a constant-level basis.
Under Japanese GAAP, such costs are recorded as expenses currently in earnings in each accounting period.
In addition, under U.S. GAAP, policy liabilities for future policy benefits are measured using the net level premium method based on actuarial estimates of the amount of future policyholder benefits. The discount rate is calculated by applying the discount rate as of the valuation date, and assumptions are reviewed at least annually except for the expense assumptions. Changes in the liabilities for future policy benefits resulting from changes of cash flow assumptions are recognized in earnings. Changes in the liabilities for future policy benefits resulting from changes of discount rate assumptions are recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable income tax.
Under Japanese GAAP, these are calculated by the methodology which relevant authorities accept.
 
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(e) Accounting for goodwill and other intangible assets in business combinations
Under U.S. GAAP, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized, but assessed for impairment at least annually. Additionally, if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired, the Company and its subsidiaries test for impairment when such events or changes occur.
Under Japanese GAAP, goodwill is amortized over an appropriate period up to 20 years.
(f) Accounting for pension plans
Under U.S. GAAP, the net actuarial gain (loss) is amortized using the corridor approach.
Under Japanese GAAP, the net actuarial gain (loss) is fully amortized over a certain term within the average remaining service period of employees.
(g) Partial sale of the parent’s ownership interest in subsidiaries
Under U.S. GAAP, in a transaction that results in the loss of control, the gain or loss recognized in income includes the realized gain or loss related to the portion of ownership interest sold and the gain or loss on the remeasurement to fair value of the interest retained.
Under Japanese GAAP, in a transaction that results in the loss of control, only the realized gain or loss related to the portion of ownership interest sold is recognized in income and the gain or loss on the remeasurement to fair value of the interest retained is not recognized.
(h) Consolidated statements of cash flows
Classification in the statements of cash flows under U.S. GAAP differs from that under Japanese GAAP. As significant differences, purchase of lease equipment, proceeds from sales of operating lease assets, installment loans made to customers and principal collected on installment loans (excluding issues and collections of loans held for sale) are included in “Cash Flows from Investing Activities” under U.S. GAAP while they are classified as “Cash Flows from Operating Activities” under Japanese GAAP.
Under U.S. GAAP, in addition, restricted cash is required to be added to the balance of cash and cash equivalents.
(i) Transfer of financial assets
Under U.S. GAAP, an entity is required to perform analysis to determine whether or not to consolidate trusts or special purpose companies, collectively called special purpose entities (“SPEs”) for securitization under the VIE’s consolidation rules. If it is determined from the analysis that the enterprise transferred financial assets in a securitization transaction to SPEs that need to be consolidated, the transaction is not accounted for as a sale.
In addition, if the transferor transfers a portion of financial assets, the transaction is not accounted for as a sale but accounted for as a secured borrowing unless each interest held by the transferor and transferee meets the definition of a participating interest and the transfer of a portion of financial assets meets criteria for derecognition of transferred financial assets.
Under Japanese GAAP, SPEs that meet certain conditions may be considered not to be a subsidiary of the transferor. Therefore, if an enterprise transfers financial assets to these types of SPEs in a securitization transaction, the transferee SPEs are not required to be consolidated, and the enterprise accounts for the transaction as a sale and recognizes a gain or loss on the sale into earnings when control over the transferred assets is surrendered.
In addition, if the transferor transfers a portion of financial assets, the enterprise accounts for the transaction as a sale and recognizes a gain or loss on the sale into earnings when the transfer of a portion of financial assets meets criteria for derecognition of transferred financial assets.
(j) Investment in securities
Under U.S. GAAP, unrealized gains and losses from all equity securities are generally recognized in income. In addition, credit losses on
available-for-sale
debt securities are recognized in earnings through an allowance, and unrealized gains and losses on
available-for-sale
debt securities related to other factors than credit losses are recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable income taxes.
Under Japanese GAAP, such unrealized gains and losses from securities other than trading or
held-to-maturity
are recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable income taxes.
 
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(k) Fair value option
Under U.S. GAAP, an entity is permitted to carry certain eligible financial assets and liabilities at fair value and to recognize changes in that item’s fair value in earnings through the election of the fair value option. The portion of the total change in the fair value of the financial liability that results from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk is to be recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable income taxes.
Under Japanese GAAP, there is no accounting standard for fair value option.
(l) Lessee’s lease
Under U.S. GAAP,
right-of-use
(hereinafter, “ROU”) assets and lease liabilities from the lessee’s lease transaction are generally recognized on the balance sheet.
Under Japanese GAAP, operating leases from the lessee’s lease transaction are
off-balance
sheet.
 
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2.
Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies
(a) Principles of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all of its subsidiaries. VIEs, for which the Company and its subsidiaries are the primary beneficiaries, are also included in the consolidated financial statements.
In a transaction that results in the loss of control, the gain or loss recognized in income includes the realized gain or loss related to the portion of ownership interest sold and the gain or loss on the remeasurement to fair value of the interest retained. On the other hand, additional acquisition of the parent’s ownership interest in subsidiaries and partial sale of such interest where the parent continues to retain control of the subsidiary are accounted for as equity transactions.
Investments in affiliates, of which the Company has 20% – 50% ownership or has the ability to exercise significant influence, are accounted for by using the equity method except for those for which the fair value option has been elected. When the Company holds majority voting interests of an entity but noncontrolling shareholders hold substantive participating rights to make decisions on activities that occur over the ordinary course of the business, such an investment is recognized as an affiliate. Investments in affiliates are recorded at cost plus/minus the Company and its subsidiaries’ portion of equity in undistributed earnings. If the value of an investment has declined and is judged to be other-than-temporary, the investment is written down to its fair value.
When an affiliate issues stocks, which price per share is more or less than the Company and its subsidiaries’ average carrying amount per share, to unrelated third parties, the Company and its subsidiaries adjust the carrying amount of its investment in the affiliate and recognize the gain or loss in the consolidated statements of income in the year in which the change in ownership interest occurs.
A certain overseas subsidiary consolidates subsidiaries determined as investment companies under ASC 946 (“Financial Services – Investment Companies”). Investments held by the investment company subsidiaries are carried at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in earnings.
A lag period of up to three months is used on a consistent basis for recognizing the results of certain subsidiaries and affiliates.
All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
(b) Use of estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Company has identified ten areas where it believes assumptions and estimates are particularly critical to the financial statements. The Company makes estimates and assumptions to the selection of valuation techniques and determination of assumptions used in fair value measurements, the determination and periodic reassessment of the unguaranteed residual value for finance leases and operating leases, the determination and reassessment of insurance policy liabilities and deferred policy acquisition costs, the determination of the allowance for credit losses (including the allowance for
off-balance
sheet credit exposures), the recognition and measurement of impairment of long-lived assets, the recognition and measurement of impairment of investment in securities, the determination of the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets and the evaluation of tax positions, the assessment and measurement of effectiveness in hedging relationship using derivative financial instruments, the determination of benefit obligation and net periodic pension cost and the recognition and measurement of impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets.
(c) Foreign currencies translation
The Company and its subsidiaries maintain their accounting records in their functional currency. Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded in the entity’s functional currency based on the prevailing exchange rates on the transaction date. Monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currencies are recorded in the entity’s functional currency based on the prevailing exchange rates at the end of each reporting period.
 
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The financial statements of overseas subsidiaries and affiliates are translated into Japanese yen by applying the exchange rates in effect at the end of each reporting period to all assets and liabilities. Income and expenses are translated at the average rates of exchange prevailing during the fiscal year. The currencies in which the operations of the overseas subsidiaries and affiliates are conducted are regarded as the functional currencies of these companies. Foreign currency translation adjustments reflected
in
other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable income taxes, arise from the translation of foreign currency financial statements into Japanese yen.
(d) Revenue recognition
The Company and its subsidiaries recognize revenues from
only
contracts with customers, such as sales of goods and real estate, and services income, revenues are recognized to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in the amounts that reflect the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Revenues are recognized net of discount, incentives and estimated sales returns. In case that the Company and its subsidiaries receive payment from customers before satisfying performance obligations, the amounts are recognized as contract liabilities. In transactions that involve third parties, if the Company and its subsidiaries control the goods or services before they are transferred to the customers, revenue is recognized on gross amount as the principal.
Excluding the aforementioned policy, the policies as specifically described hereinafter are applied for each of revenue items.
Finance Revenues
—Finance revenues mainly include revenues from finance leases, installment loans, and financial guarantees.
(1) Revenues from finance leases
Lessor leases consist of leases for various equipment types, including office equipment, industrial machinery, transportation equipment and real estates. Net investment in leases includes sales-type leases and direct financing leases which are full-payout leases. Leases not qualifying as sales-type leases or direct financing leases are accounted for as operating leases. Interest income on net investment in leases is recognized over the life of each respective lease using the interest method. When lease payment is variable, it is accounted for as income in profit or loss in the period when the changes in facts and circumstances on which the variable payment is based occur. When providing leasing services, the Company and its subsidiaries simultaneously conduct supplementary businesses, such as handling taxes and paying insurance on leased assets on behalf of lessees. The repayment of lessor costs received from lessees are recognized in revenues from finance leases and those underlying costs are recognized in other (income) and expense. The estimated unguaranteed residual value represents estimated proceeds from the disposition of equipment at the time the lease is terminated. Estimates of residual values are determined based on market values of used equipment, estimates of when and the extent to which equipment will become obsolete and actual recovery being experienced for similar used equipment. Initial direct costs of sales-type leases and direct financing leases are being deferred and amortized as a yield adjustment over the life of the related lease by using interest method. The unamortized balance of initial direct costs of sales-type leases and direct financing leases is reflected as a component of net investment in leases.
(2) Revenues from installment loans
Interest income on installment loans is recognized on an accrual basis. Certain direct loan origination costs, net of origination fees, are being deferred and amortized over the contractual term of the loan as an adjustment of the related loan’s yield using the interest method. Interest payments received on loans other than purchased loans are recorded as interest income unless the collection of the remaining investment is doubtful at which time payments received are recorded as reductions of principal. For purchased loans, although the acquired assets may remain loans in legal form, collections on these loans often do not reflect the normal historical experience of collecting delinquent accounts, and the need to tailor individual collateral-realization strategies often makes it difficult to reliably estimate the amount, timing, or nature of collections. Accordingly, the Company and its subsidiaries use the cost recovery method of income recognition for such purchased loans.
(3) Revenues from financial guarantees
At the inception of a guarantee, fair value for the guarantee is recognized as a liability in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company and its subsidiaries recognize revenue mainly over the term of guarantee by a systematic and rational amortization method as the Company and the subsidiaries are released from the risk of the obligation.
 
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(4)
Non-accrual
policy
In common with all classes, for net investment in leases and installment loans,
past-due
financing receivables are receivables for which principal or interest is
past-due
30 days or more. Loans whose terms have been modified are not classified as
past-due
financing receivables if the principals and interests are not
past-due
30 days or more in accordance with the modified terms. The Company and its subsidiaries suspend accruing revenues on
past-due
installment loans and net investment in leases when principal or interest is
past-due
90 days or more, or earlier, if management determines that their collections are doubtful based on factors such as individual debtors’ creditworthiness, historical loss experience, current delinquencies and delinquency trends. However, delinquencies during the relevant period of
past-due
financing receivables are out of the scope of the suspension of revenue recognition unless their collections are doubtful when the government issues a request for grace of repayment within a maximum of 6 months due to reasons that cannot be attributed to the obligor, such as a disaster, or when similar requests are made by public bodies. Accrued but uncollected interest is reclassified to net investment in leases or installment loans in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and becomes subject to the allowance for credit losses process. Cash repayments received on
non-accrual
loans are applied first against past due interest and then any surpluses are applied to principal in view of the conditions of the contract and obligors. The Company and its subsidiaries return
non-accrual
loans and net investment in leases to accrual status when it becomes probable that the Company and its subsidiaries will be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of these loans and receivables, as evidenced by continual payments from the debtors. The period of such continual payments before returning to accrual status varies depending on factors that we consider are relevant in assessing the debtors’ creditworthiness, such as the debtors’ business characteristics and financial conditions as well as relevant economic conditions and trends.
Operating leases
—
Revenues from operating leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract terms. When lease payment is variable, it is accounted for as income in profit or loss in the period when the changes in facts and circumstances on which the variable payment is based occur. In principle, any conditions changed from original lease agreement should be accounted for as a lease modification.
In providing leasing services, the Company and its subsidiaries simultaneously conduct supplementary businesses, such as handling taxes and paying insurance on leased assets on behalf of lessees. The compensations for those lessor costs received from lessees are recognized in operating lease revenues and those costs are recognized in costs of operating leases. Investment in operating leases is recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation, which was ¥865,942 million and ¥928,771 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively. In addition, operating lease assets are depreciated over their estimated useful lives mainly on a straight-line basis. Depreciation expenses are included in costs of operating leases. Gains or losses arising from dispositions of operating lease assets are included in operating lease revenues.
Estimates of residual values are based on market values of used equipment, estimates of when and the extent to which equipment will become obsolete and actual recovery being experienced for similar used equipment. Initial direct costs of operating leases are being deferred and amortized as a straight-line basis over the life of the related lease. The unamortized balance of initial direct costs is reflected as investment in operating leases.
(e) Insurance and reinsurance transactions
Premium income from life insurance policies, net of premiums on reinsurance ceded, is recognized as earned premiums when due.
Life insurance benefits are recorded as expenses when they are incurred. The policies are classified as long-duration contracts and mainly consist of whole life, term life, endowments, medical insurance and individual annuity insurance contracts. The calculation of liabilities for future policy benefits other than individual annuities is computed using the same contract groupings (also referred to as cohorts) by policy year, currency, payment method (full term payment or limited payment) and product category and the liabilities for future policy benefits are computed using the net level premium method based on expected future policy benefit payments. A liability is recorded for the present value of expected future policy insurance benefits to be paid and certain related costs, less the present value of expected future net premium to be earned, at the time the premium revenue recognized. For limited payment contracts, the excess of gross premiums received over net premium is recorded as a deferred profit liability.
The liabilities for future policy benefits are measured using assumptions such as mortality, morbidity, lapse, expense and discount rates. These assumptions are determined based on historical experience, industry data and other factors. The Company and its subsidiaries review and update future cash flow assumptions at least annually except for expense assumptions. The Company and its subsidiaries elected to lock in and not to update expense assumptions after expense assumptions are determined based on the most recent actual results at the time of contract issuance. When assumptions are updated, the net premium ratios for calculating the liabilities for future policy benefits are also updated. The Company and its subsidiaries review and update its future cash flow assumptions at least annually except for expense assumptions, and update the net premium ratios for calculating the liabilities for future policy benefits by cohort, reflecting historical actual cash flows. The Company and its subsidiaries remeasure the liabilities for future policy benefits using the updated assumptions as of the beginning of the quarterly reporting period in which the assumptions are updated and record the change from the remeasurement as gains or losses in life insurance costs in the consolidated statements of income. For periods subsequent to the remeasurement, the Company and its subsidiaries calculate the liabilities for future policy benefits using updated net premium ratios. If net premiums exceed gross premiums, the liabilities for future policy benefits are increased and the excess is recognized immediately in earnings through life insurance costs in the consolidated statement of income.
The Company and its subsidiaries use a yield curve based on the yields on
single-A
rated fixed-income instruments as upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument yields with durations similar to the liabilities for future policy benefits to determine discount rate assumptions. The yields on
single-A
rated fixed-income instruments are referenced in the index provided by a third-party pricing vendor. The discount rate assumptions are updated quarterly and are used for remeasurement of the liability at the reporting date. Changes in the liabilities for future policy benefits resulting from updates of discount rate assumptions are recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable income tax. For periods beyond the observable period of the referenced index, the discount rate yield curve beyond the observable period of the referenced index is interpolated to the ultimate forward rate using the Smith-Wilson method.
 
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The insurance contracts sold by the subsidiary include variable annuity, variable life and fixed annuity insurance contracts. The subsidiary manages investment assets on behalf of variable annuity and variable life policyholders, which consist of equity securities and are included in investment in securities in the consolidated balance sheets. These investment assets are measured at fair value with realized and unrealized gains or losses recognized in life insurance premiums and related investment income in the consolidated statements of income. The subsidiary elected the fair value option for the entire variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts with changes in the fair value recognized in life insurance costs.
The subsidiary provides minimum guarantees to variable annuity and variable life policyholders under which it is exposed to the risk of compensating losses incurred by the policyholders to the extent contractually required. To mitigate the risk, a portion of the minimum guaranteed risk related to variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts is ceded to reinsurance companies and the remaining risk is economically hedged by entering into derivative contracts. The reinsurance contracts do not relieve the subsidiary from the obligation as the primary obligor to compensate certain losses incurred by the policyholders, and the default of the reinsurance companies may impose additional losses on the subsidiary. Certain subsidiaries have elected the fair value option for certain reinsurance contracts relating to variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts, which are included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
Policy liabilities and policy account balances for fixed annuity insurance contracts are measured based on the single-premiums plus interest based on expected rate and fair value adjustments relating to the acquisition of the subsidiary, less withdrawals, expenses and other charges. The credited interest is recorded in life insurance costs in the consolidated statements of income.
Certain costs related directly to the successful acquisition of new or renewal insurance contracts are deferred. Deferred policy acquisition costs consist primarily of agent commissions, except for policy maintenance costs, and underwriting expenses. For amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs, insurance contracts are grouped by contract year, currency, payment method (full term payment or limited payment) and product category, using the same contract groupings for the calculation of the liabilities for future policy benefits.
Deferred policy acquisition costs are amortized at constant-level basis for each cohort over the expected term of the policies, and the amortization is recorded in life insurance costs in the consolidated statements of income.
For all cohorts, the number of policies in force for the amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs is projected using mortality and lapse rates estimated based on historical experience, industry data and other factors, which are consistent with those assumptions used for calculating the liabilities for future policy benefits. When mortality and lapse rates are updated, the effects on the amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs are derived by updating the projected number of policies in force and recognized prospectively over the expected term of the policies.
(f) Allowance for credit losses
The allowance for credit losses estimates all credit losses expected to occur in future over the remaining life of net investment in leases, financial assets measured at amortized cost, such as installment loans,
held-to-maturity
debt securities and other receivables, and is recognized adequately based on the management judgement. Expected prepayments are reflected in the remaining life. The allowance for credit losses is increased by provision charged to income and is decreased by charge-offs, net of recoveries mainly.
Developing the allowance for credit losses is subject to numerous estimates and judgments. In evaluating the appropriateness of the allowance, management considers various factors, including the business characteristics and financial conditions of the obligors, prior
charge-off
experience, current delinquencies and delinquency trends, value of underlying collateral and guarantees, current economic and business conditions and expected outlook in the future.
The Company and its subsidiaries estimate the allowance for credit losses by using various methods according to these estimates and judgments. When certain financial assets have similar risk characteristics to other financial assets, these financial assets are collectively evaluated as a pool. On the contrary, when financial assets do not have similar risk characteristics to other financial assets, the financial assets are evaluated individually. The Company and its subsidiaries select the most appropriate calculation method based on available information, such as the nature and related risk characteristics on financial assets, the prior
charge-off
experience and future forecast scenario with correlated economic indicators.
The Company and its subsidiaries charge off doubtful receivables when the likelihood of any future collection is believed to be minimal considering debtors’ creditworthiness and the liquidation status of collateral, etc.
In addition, if the entity has a present contractual obligation to extend the credit and the obligation is not unconditionally cancelable by the entity, credit losses related the loan commitments of card loans and installment loans and financial guarantees are in the scope of the allowance for credit losses. For the loan commitments of card loans and installment loans, credit losses are recognized on the loan commitments for the portion expected to be drawn. For financial guarantees, the allowance is recognized for the contingent obligation which generates credit risk exposures. These allowance for
off-balance
sheet credit exposures is measured using the same measurement objectives as the allowance for loans and net investment leases, considering quantitative and qualitative factors including historical loss experience, current economic and business conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The allowance for
off-balance
sheet credit exposure is accounted for in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
 
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(g) Impairment of long-lived assets
The Company and its subsidiaries perform a recoverability test for long-lived assets to be held and used in operations, including tangible assets and intangible assets being depreciated or amortized, consisting primarily of office buildings, condominiums, aircraft, ships, mega solar facilities and other properties under facility operations, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicated that the assets might be impaired. The assets are considered not recoverable when the undiscounted future cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the carrying amount of those assets. The carrying amount of assets not recoverable is reduced to fair value if lower than the carrying amount. The Company and its subsidiaries determine the fair value using appraisals prepared by independent third party appraisers or our own staff of qualified appraisers, and others based on recent transactions involving sales of similar assets or other valuation techniques such as discounted cash flows methodologies using future cash flows estimated to be generated from operation of the existing assets or completion of development projects, as appropriate.
(h) Investment in securities
Equity securities are generally reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in income. Equity securities without readily determinable fair values are recorded at fair value at its cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes under the election of the measurement alternative, except for investments which are valued at net asset value per share.
Equity securities elected to apply the measurement alternative are written down to its fair value with losses included in income if a qualitative assessment indicates that the investment is impaired and the fair value of the investment is less than its carrying value.
In addition, investments included in equity securities that are accounted for under the equity method are recorded at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in income if certain subsidiaries elect the fair value option.
Trading debt securities are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in income.
Available-for-sale
debt securities are reported at fair value, and unrealized gains or losses are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable income taxes, except for investments which are recorded at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in income by electing the fair value option.
For
available-for-sale
debt securities, if the fair value is less than the amortized cost, the debt securities are impaired. The Company and its subsidiaries identify per each impaired security whether the decline of fair value is due to credit losses component or
non-credit
losses component. Impairment related to credit losses is recognized in earnings through an allowance for credit losses. Impairment related to other factors than credit losses is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable income taxes. In estimating an allowance for credit losses, the Company and its subsidiaries consider that credit losses exist when the present value of estimated cash flows is less than the amortized cost basis. When the Company and its subsidiaries intend to sell the debt securities for which an allowance for credit losses is previously established or it is more likely than not that the Company and its subsidiaries will be required to sell the debt securities before recovery of the amortized cost basis, the allowance for credit losses is fully written off and the amortized cost is reduced to the fair value after recognizing additional impairment in earnings. In addition, the Company and its subsidiaries recognize in earnings the full difference between the amortized cost and the fair value of the debt securities by direct write-down, without any allowance for credit losses, if the debt securities are expected to be sold and the fair value is less than the amortized cost.
Held-to-maturity
debt securities are recorded at amortized cost.
Held-to-maturity
debt securities are in the scope of ASC 326 (“Financial Instruments—Credit Losses”) (hereinafter, “Credit Losses Standard”), see Note 2 “Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies (f) Allowance for credit losses.”
(i) Income taxes
The Company, in general, determines its provision for income taxes for quarterly periods by applying the current estimate of the effective tax rate for the full fiscal year to the actual
year-to-date
income before income taxes. The estimated effective tax rate is determined by dividing the estimated provision for income taxes for the full fiscal year by the estimated income before income taxes for the full fiscal year.
 
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At the fiscal year end, income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, and for tax loss carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rate is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company and its subsidiaries release to earnings stranded income tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) resulting from changes in tax laws or rates or changes in judgment about realization of a valuation allowance on a specific identification basis when the individual items are completely sold or terminated. A valuation allowance is recognized if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is “more likely than not” that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized.
The effective income tax rates for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 were approximately 24.1% and 29.8%, respectively. These rates are approximately 24.1% and 30.7% for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. For the nine and three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Company and its subsidiaries in Japan were subject to a National Corporate tax of approximately 24%, an Inhabitant tax of approximately 4% and a deductible Enterprise tax of approximately 4%, which in the aggregate result in a statutory income tax rate of approximately 31.5%. The effective income tax rate is different from the statutory tax rate primarily because of certain nondeductible expenses for tax purposes,
non-taxable
income for tax purposes, changes in valuation allowance, the effect of lower tax rates on certain subsidiaries and the effect of investor taxes on earnings of subsidiaries. The Company and its certain subsidiaries have applied Japanese Group Relief System for National Corporation tax purposes.
The Company and its subsidiaries file tax returns in Japan and certain foreign tax jurisdictions and recognize the financial statement effects of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return when it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the position will be sustained upon tax examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, and measure tax positions that meet the recognition threshold at the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely to be realized upon settlement with the taxing authority. The Company and its subsidiaries present an unrecognized tax benefit as either a reduction of a deferred tax asset or a liability, based on the intended method of settlement. The Company and its subsidiaries classify penalties and interest expense related to income taxes as part of provision for income taxes in the consolidated statements of income.
(j) Securitized assets
The Company and its subsidiaries have securitized and sold to investors various financial assets such as lease receivables and loan receivables. In the securitization process, the assets to be securitized are sold to SPEs that issue asset-backed beneficial interests and securities to the investors.
SPEs used in securitization transactions are consolidated if the Company and its subsidiaries are the primary beneficiary of the SPEs, and the transfers of the financial assets to those consolidated SPEs are not accounted for as sales. Assets held by consolidated SPEs continue to be accounted for as lease receivables or loan receivables, as they were before the transfer, and asset-backed beneficial interests and securities issued to the investors are accounted for as debt. When the Company and its subsidiaries have transferred financial assets to a transferee that is not subject to consolidation, the Company and its subsidiaries account for the transfer as a sale if control over the transferred assets is surrendered.
The Company and certain subsidiaries originate and sell loans into the secondary market, while retaining the obligation to service those loans. In addition, a certain subsidiary undertakes obligations to service loans originated by others. The subsidiary recognizes servicing assets if it expects the benefit of servicing to more than adequately compensate it for performing the servicing or recognizes servicing liabilities if it expects the benefit of servicing to less than adequately compensate it. These servicing assets and liabilities are initially recognized at fair value and subsequently accounted for using the amortization method whereby the assets and liabilities are amortized in proportion to and over the period of estimated net servicing income or net servicing loss. On a quarterly basis, servicing assets and liabilities are evaluated for impairment or increased obligations. The fair value of servicing assets and liabilities is estimated using an internal valuation model, or by obtaining an opinion of value from an independent third-party vendor. Both methods are based on calculating the present value of estimated future net servicing cash flows, taking into consideration discount rates, prepayment rates and servicing costs. The internal valuation model is validated at least semiannually through third-party valuations.
 
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(k) Derivative financial instruments
The Company and its subsidiaries recognize all derivatives on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The accounting treatment of subsequent changes in the fair value depends on their use, and whether they qualify as effective “hedges” for accounting purposes. Derivatives for the purpose of trading or economic hedge that are not qualified for hedge accounting are adjusted to fair value through the consolidated statements of income. If derivatives are qualified for hedge accounting, then depending on its nature, changes in its fair value will be either offset against changes in the fair value of hedged assets or liabilities through the consolidated statements of income, or recorded in other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable income taxes.
If a derivative is held as a hedge of the variability of fair value related to a recognized asset or liability or an unrecognized firm commitment (“fair value” hedge), changes in the fair value of the derivative are recorded in earnings along with the changes in the fair value of the hedged item.
If a derivative is held as a hedge of the variability of cash flows related to a forecasted transaction or a recognized asset or liability (“cash flow” hedge), changes in the fair value of the derivative are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable income taxes, until earnings are affected by the variability in cash flows of the designated hedged item.
If a derivative is held as a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation, changes in the fair value of the derivative are recorded in the foreign currency translation adjustments account within other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable income taxes.
The Company and its subsidiaries select either the amortization approach or the fair value approach, depending on the type of hedging activity, for the initial value of the component excluded from the assessment of effectiveness, and recognize it through the consolidated statements of income. When the amortization approach is adopted, the change in fair value is recognized in earnings using a systematic and rational method over the life of the hedging instrument and then any difference between the change in fair value and the amount recognized in earnings is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable income taxes. When the fair value approach is adopted, the change in the fair value is immediately recognized through the consolidated statements of income.
For all hedging relationships that are designated and qualified for hedge accounting, at the inception of the hedge, the Company and its subsidiaries formally document the details of the hedging relationship and the hedging activity. The Company and its subsidiaries formally assess, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, the effectiveness of the hedge relationship. The Company and its subsidiaries cease hedge accounting prospectively when the derivative no longer qualifies for hedge accounting.
(l) Pension plans
The Company and certain subsidiaries have contributory and
non-contributory
pension plans covering substantially all of their employees. Among the plans, the costs of defined benefit pension plans are accrued based on amounts determined using actuarial methods, with assumptions of discount rate, rate of increase in compensation level, expected long-term rate of return on plan assets and others.
The Company and its subsidiaries also recognize the funded status of pension plans, measured as the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the benefit obligation, on the consolidated balance sheets. Changes in that funded status are recognized in the year in which the changes occur through other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable income taxes.
(m) Stock-based compensation
In principle, the Company and its subsidiaries measure stock-based compensation expense as consideration for services provided by employees based on the fair value on the grant date. The costs are recognized over the requisite service period.
(n) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, deposits placed with banks and short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.
(o) Installment loans
Certain loans, for which the Company and its subsidiaries have the intent and ability to sell to outside parties in the foreseeable future, are considered held for sale and are carried at the lower of cost or market value determined on an individual basis, except loans held for sale for which the fair value option was elected. A subsidiary elected the fair value option on its loans held for sale. The subsidiary enters into forward sale agreements to offset the change in the fair value of loans held for sale, and the election of the fair value option allows the subsidiary to recognize both the change in the fair value of the loans and the change in the fair value of the forward sale agreements due to changes in interest rates in the same accounting period.
 
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Loans held for sale are included in installment loans, and the outstanding balances of these loans as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023 were ¥201,355 million and ¥132,080 million, respectively. There were ¥197,041 million and ¥121,135 million of loans held for sale as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively, measured at fair value by electing the fair value option.
(p) Property under facility operations
Property under facility operations consist primarily of operating facilities (including hotels and training facilities) and environmental assets (including mega solar facilities, wind power plants and
coal-biomass
co-fired
power plants), which are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation, and depreciation is calculated mainly on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Accumulated depreciation was ¥180,130 million and ¥202,033 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
(q) Inventories
Inventories consist primarily of residential condominiums under development, completed residential condominiums (including those waiting to be delivered to buyers under the contract for sale), and merchandise for sale. Residential condominiums under development are carried at cost less any impairment losses, and completed residential condominiums and merchandise for sale are stated at the lower of cost or fair value less cost to sell. The cost of inventories that are unique and not interchangeable is determined on the specific identification method and the cost of other inventories is principally determined on the average method. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, residential condominiums under development were ¥74,621 million and ¥141,627 million, respectively, and completed residential condominiums and merchandise for sale were ¥94,400 million and ¥89,560 million, respectively.
The Company and its subsidiaries recorded ¥508 million and ¥1,172 million of write-downs principally on completed residential condominiums and merchandise for sale for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively, primarily resulting from a decrease in expected sales price. There were no such write-downs recorded for the three months ended December 31, 2022. The amounts of such write-downs for the three months ended December 31, 2023 were ¥42 million. These write-downs were recorded in costs of goods and real estate sold and included in Real Estate segment and PE Investment and Concession segment.
(r) Office facilities
Office facilities are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on a declining-balance basis or straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Accumulated depreciation was ¥74,507 million and ¥81,929 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
(s)
Right-of-use
assets
The Company and its subsidiaries record the
Right-of-use
assets (hereinafter, “ROU assets”) recognized from the lessee’s lease transaction as investment in operating leases, property under facility operations and office facilities. Lease liabilities are included in other liabilities.
ROU assets are consisted of the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability and any lease payments made to the lessor at or before the commencement date and stated at cost less accumulated amortization. The initial measurement of the lease liability is at the present value of the lease payments not yet paid, discounted using the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate at lease commencement. ROU assets of finance leases are amortized mainly on a straight-line basis over the lease term. ROU assets of operating leases are amortized over the lease term by the fixed term operating cost minus the interest cost. Amortization of ROU assets of finance leases and operating leases expenses are included in costs of operating leases, services expense and selling, general and administrative expenses.
(t) Other assets
Other assets consist primarily of goodwill and other intangible assets in acquisitions, reinsurance recoverables in relation to reinsurance contracts, deferred insurance policy acquisition costs which are amortized over the contract periods, leasehold deposits, advance payments made in relation to construction of real estate under operating leases and property under facility operations, prepaid benefit cost, prepaid expenses for property tax, maintenance fees and insurance premiums in relation to lease contracts, servicing assets, derivative assets, contract assets related to real estate contract works and deferred tax assets.
 
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(u) Business combinations
The Company and its subsidiaries account for all business combinations using the acquisition method. The Company and its subsidiaries recognize intangible assets acquired in a business combination apart from goodwill if the intangible assets meet one of two criteria—either the contractual-legal criterion or the separately identifiable criterion. Goodwill is measured as an excess of the aggregate of consideration transferred and the fair value of noncontrolling interests over the net of the acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed in the business combination measured at fair value. The Company and its subsidiaries would recognize a bargain purchase gain when the amount of recognized net assets exceeds the sum of consideration transferred and the fair value of noncontrolling interests. In a business combination achieved in stages, the Company and its subsidiaries remeasure their previously held equity interest at their acquisition-date fair value and recognize the resulting gain or loss, if any, in earnings.
(v) Goodwill and other intangible assets
The Company and its subsidiaries perform an impairment test for goodwill and any indefinite-lived intangible assets at least annually. Additionally, if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired, the Company and its subsidiaries test for impairment whenever such events or changes occur.
The Company and its subsidiaries have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount before we perform a quantitative goodwill impairment test. The Company and its subsidiaries perform the qualitative assessment for some goodwill but bypass the qualitative assessment and proceed directly to the quantitative impairment test for other goodwill. For the goodwill for which the qualitative assessment is performed, if, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, the Company and/or its subsidiaries determine that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the Company and/or its subsidiaries do not perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test. However, if the Company and/or its subsidiaries conclude otherwise or determine to bypass the qualitative assessment, the Company and/or its subsidiaries proceed to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test. The quantitative goodwill impairment test calculates the fair value of the reporting unit and compares the fair value with the carrying amount of the reporting unit. If the fair value of the reporting unit falls below its carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the difference. The Company and its subsidiaries test the goodwill at the reporting unit which is either the same level as the operating segment or one level below the operating segment.
The Company and its subsidiaries have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired before we perform a quantitative impairment test. The Company and its subsidiaries perform the qualitative assessment for some indefinite-lived intangible assets but bypass the qualitative assessment and perform the quantitative impairment test for other indefinite-lived intangible assets. For those indefinite-lived intangible assets for which the qualitative assessment is performed, if, after assessing the totality of events and circumstances, the Company and/or its subsidiaries conclude that it is not more likely than not that the indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired, then the Company and/or its subsidiaries do not perform the quantitative impairment test. However, if the Company and/or its subsidiaries conclude otherwise or determine to bypass the qualitative assessment, the Company and/or its subsidiaries calculate the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset and perform the quantitative impairment test. We compare the fair value with the carrying amount of the indefinite-lived intangible asset. If the carrying amount of the indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess.
Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their useful lives and tested for impairment. The Company and its subsidiaries perform a recoverability test for the intangible assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the assets might be impaired. The intangible assets are considered not recoverable when the undiscounted future cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the carrying amount of those assets, and the net carrying amount of assets not recoverable is reduced to fair value if lower than the carrying amount.
The amount of goodwill was ¥627,683 million and ¥639,508 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
The amount of other intangible assets was ¥518,142 million and ¥543,287 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
(w) Other Liabilities
Other liabilities include primarily lease liabilities recognized from the lessee’s lease transaction, accrued expenses related to interest and bonus, accrued benefit liability, advances received from lessees in relation to lease contracts, deposits received from real estate transaction, contract liabilities mainly related to automobile maintenance services and software services, and derivative liabilities and allowance for credit losses on
off-balance
sheet credit exposures.
 
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(x) Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to ORIX Corporation shareholders by the weighted average number of shares of outstanding common stock in each period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by reflecting the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts issuing common stock were exercised or converted into common stock.
(y) Redeemable noncontrolling interests
Noncontrolling interests in a certain subsidiary are redeemable interests which are subject to call and put rights upon certain equity holder events. As redemption of the noncontrolling interest is not solely in the control of the subsidiary, it is recorded between liabilities and equity on the consolidated balance sheets at its estimated redemption value.
(z) New accounting pronouncements
In August 2018, Accounting Standards Update
2018-12
(“Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts”—ASC 944 (“Financial Services—Insurance”)) was issued, and the original effective date was deferred by two years by related amendments which were issued thereafter. These updates change the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure requirements for long-duration contracts issued by an insurance entity. These updates require an insurance entity to review and, if there is a change, update cash flow assumptions at least annually and to update the discount rate used for the liability for future policy benefits at each reporting date for nonparticipating traditional long-duration and limited-payment contracts. The effect of updating the discount rate is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). These updates also require market risk benefits to be measured at fair value, and simplify amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs. Furthermore, these updates require additional disclosures for long-duration contracts. These updates are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted. For the liability for future policy benefits and deferred policy acquisition costs, these updates are applied to contracts in force as of the beginning of the earliest period presented (hereinafter, “the transition date” of these updates) on a modified retrospective basis, and an insurance entity may elect to apply retrospectively. For the market risk benefits, these updates are applied retrospectively at the transition date, and the difference between fair value and carrying value requires an adjustment to retained earnings at the transition date. The cumulative effect of changes in the discount rates between contract inception date and the transition date should be recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income at the transition date. The Company and its subsidiaries adopted these updates on April 1, 2023, with the transition date of April 1, 2021, using the modified retrospective transition approach. Upon adoption of these updates, the measurement method of the liability for future policy benefits, etc. have been changed. In addition, as of the transition date, the effect of the adoption on the Company and its subsidiaries’ financial position was an increase of ¥28,937 million in policy liabilities and policy account balances and a decrease of ¥24,641 million in impact of changes in policy liability discount rate (accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)) on the consolidated balance sheet. These were due to changes in the applicable discount rate resulting from fluctuation in interest rates (mainly a decline in Japanese yen interest rates). The balance of deferred policy acquisition costs (included in other assets) immediately before the transition date were carried forward upon transition. As of and for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, the effect of the adoption of LDTI on the Company and its subsidiaries’ results of operations and financial position was an increase of ¥10,012 million in deferred policy acquisition costs (included in other assets), a decrease of ¥50,925 million in policy liabilities and policy account balances, an increase of ¥37,536 million in impact of changes in policy liability discount rate (accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)), and an increase of ¥5,241 million in retained earnings in the consolidated balance sheet, and a decrease of ¥4,571 million in life insurance costs in the consolidated statement of income. These were due mainly to changes in the applicable discount rate resulting from fluctuation in interest rates (mainly an increase in US dollar interest rates), and a change in the amortization period of deferred policy acquisition costs. Furthermore, as of and for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, the effect of the adoption of these updates on the Company and its subsidiaries’ results of operations and financial position was an increase of ¥23,194 million in deferred policy acquisition costs (included in other assets), a decrease of ¥233,309 million in policy liabilities and policy account balances, an increase of ¥164,516 million in impact of changes in policy liability discount rate (accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)), and an increase of ¥22,506 million in retained earnings in the consolidated balance sheet, and a decrease of ¥25,010 million in life insurance costs in the consolidated statement of income. These were due mainly to changes in the applicable discount rate resulting from fluctuation in interest rates (mainly an increase in US dollar interest rates), reversals of policy liabilities and policy account balances due to updated net insurance premium rates (resulting from variances between actual and expected benefits paid), and changes in the amortization period of deferred policy acquisition costs. The Company and its subsidiaries expanded their disclosures in accordance with the adoption of LDTI, regarding long-duration contracts. For further information about the liabilities for future policy benefits as of the date of transition and the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, see Note 18. “Long-Duration Insurance Contracts Relating to Life Insurance Operations”.
In March 2020, Accounting Standards Update
2020-04
(“Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting”—ASC 848 (“Reference Rate Reform”)) was issued, and related amendments were issued thereafter. These updates provide companies with optional expedients and exceptions to contract, hedging relationships and other transactions that reference London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. These updates are effective as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2024. The Company and its subsidiaries adopted certain optional expedients to relevant contract modifications and hedge accounting relationships from the three months ended December 31, 2021, mainly in order to ease the administrative burden of accounting for contract modifications that replace a reference rate impacted by reference rate reform. The adoption of these updates had no material impact on the Company and its subsidiaries’ results of operations or financial position. Also, we do not expect a material impact in future reporting periods.
 
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In March 2022, Accounting Standards Update
2022-02
(“Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures”—ASC 326 (“Financial Instruments—Credit Losses”)) was issued. This update eliminates the recognition and measurement guidance on troubled debt restructuring (hereinafter, “TDR”) and, instead, requires that an entity evaluate whether certain modifications on contractual terms made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty should be accounted for as a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan. Additionally, enhanced disclosures for certain modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are newly required. In addition, this update also requires that an entity disclose current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases within the scope of Subtopic
326-20
(“Financial Instruments—Credit Losses—Measured at Amortized Cost”) in the existing vintage disclosure, where an entity discloses the amortized cost basis by credit quality indicator and class of financing receivable by year of origination. The Company and its subsidiaries prospectively adopted this update on April 1, 2023. The adoption of this update had no material effect on the Company and its subsidiaries’ results of operations or financial position. For further information, see Note 7 “Credit Quality of Financial Assets and the Allowance for Credit Losses.”
In June 2022, Accounting Standards Update
2022-03
(“Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions”—ASC 820 (“Fair Value Measurement”)) was issued. This update clarifies that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value of an equity security. This update also clarifies that an entity cannot, as a separate unit of account, recognize and measure a contractual sale restriction. This update also requires new disclosures for equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions. The new disclosure shall include: (1) the fair value of equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions reflected in the balance sheet, (2) the nature and remaining duration of the restrictions, and (3) the circumstances that could cause a lapse in the restrictions. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. This update should be applied prospectively for fair value measurement and disclosures from the adoption of the amendments. The Company and its subsidiaries will adopt this update on April 1, 2024. The Company and its subsidiaries are currently evaluating the effect that the adoption of this update will have on the Company and its subsidiaries’ results of operations or financial position, as well as changes in disclosures required by this update.
In September 2022, Accounting Standards Update
2022-04
(“Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations”—ASC
405-50
(“Liabilities—Supplier Finance Programs”)) was issued. This update requires that a buyer in a supplier finance program disclose sufficient information about the program in mainly annual disclosure, to allow a user of financial statements to understand the program’s nature, activities during the period, changes from period to period, and potential magnitude. The disclosure shall include (1) the key terms of the program and (2) the obligations that the buyer has confirmed as valid to the finance provider or intermediary. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company and its subsidiaries adopted this update on April 1, 2023. Since this update relates to disclosure requirements, the adoption had no effect on the Company and its subsidiaries’ results of operations or financial position.
In March 2023, Accounting Standards Update
2023-01
(“Common Control Arrangements”) was issued as the amendments to ASC 842 (“Leases”). This update requires that leasehold improvements associated with common control leases are amortized by the lessee over the useful life of the leasehold improvements to the common control group (regardless of the lease term), as long as the lessee controls the use of the underlying asset (the leased asset) through a lease. And this update provides a practical expedient for private companies to determine whether a related party arrangement between entities under common control is a lease, or to determine the classification of and accounting for that lease when the arrangement is a lease. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company and its subsidiaries will adopt this update on April 1, 2024. The Company and its subsidiaries are currently evaluating the effect that the adoption of this update will have on the Company and its subsidiaries’ results of operations or financial position.
In March 2023, Accounting Standards Update
2023-02
(“Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method”) was issued as the amendments to ASC 323 (“Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures”). This update expands the investments eligible to elect to apply the proportional amortization method to tax equity investments in similar tax credit programs other than the
low-income
housing tax credit (LIHTC). Disclosures are required on an interim and annual basis for tax equity investments in tax credit programs for which the proportional amortization method (including investments within that elected program that do not meet the conditions to apply the proportional amortization method) is elected. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company and its subsidiaries will adopt this update on April 1, 2024. The Company and its subsidiaries are currently evaluating the effect that the adoption of this update will have on the Company and its subsidiaries’ results of operations or financial position, as well as changes in disclosures required by this update.
In August 2023, Accounting Standards Update
2023-05
(“Recognition and Initial Measurement”—Subtopic
805-60
(“Business Combinations—Joint Venture Formations”) was issued. This update clarifies the basis of accounting for joint ventures upon formation and requires a joint venture to recognize and initially measures its assets and liabilities at fair value on its formation date. This update also requires joint ventures to make disclosures related to their formation. This update does not amend the definition of a joint venture or the accounting by an equity method investor for its investment in a joint venture. This update is effective prospectively for all joint venture formations with a formation date on or after January 1, 2025. Early adoption is permitted. The Company and its subsidiaries will adopt this update on January 1, 2025. The Company and its subsidiaries are currently evaluating the effect that the adoption of this update will have on the Company and its subsidiaries’ results of operations or financial position.
 
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In November 2023, Accounting Standards Update 2023-07 (“Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures”) was issued. This update requires improved disclosures for reportable segments, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company and its subsidiaries will adopt this update on April 1, 2024. The Company and its subsidiaries are currently evaluating the effect that the adoption of this update will have on the Company and its subsidiaries’ changes in disclosures required by this update.

In December 2023, Accounting Standards Update 2023-08 (“Accounting for and Disclosure of Crypto Assets”—Subtopic 350-60 (“Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Crypto Assets”)) was issued. This update requires that crypto assets within the scope of this Subtopic generally be remeasured at fair value at the end of the reporting period and that changes in carrying amount due to remeasurement be recognized in the income statement. It also requires new disclosures about crypto assets within the scope of this Subtopic. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company and its subsidiaries will adopt this update on April 1, 2025. The Company and its subsidiaries are currently evaluating the effect that the adoption of this update will have on the Company and its subsidiaries’ results of operations or financial position, as well as changes in disclosures required by this update.
In December 2023, Accounting Standards Update 2023-09 (“Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures”—ASC740 (“Income Taxes”)) was issued. This update requires disclosure of specific categories in the rate reconciliation and separate disclosure and additional information for reconciliation items that are equal to or greater than 5% of the amount computed by multiplying pretax income (or loss) by applicable statutory income tax rate. It also requires disclosure of the amount of income tax paid for each national, local and foreign tax. Additionally, it requires separate disclosure of amount of income tax paid disaggregated by each tax jurisdiction in which income tax paid is equal to or greater than 5% of the total income tax paid. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company and its subsidiaries will adopt this update on April 1, 2025. The Company and its subsidiaries are currently evaluating the effect that the adoption of this update will have on the Company and its subsidiaries’ results of operations or financial position, as well as changes in disclosures required by this update.
 
3.
Fair Value Measurements
The Company and its subsidiaries classify and prioritize inputs used in valuation techniques to measure fair value into the following three levels:
 
Level 1 — 
 
Inputs of quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.
Level 2 — 
 
Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the assets or liabilities, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3 — 
 
Unobservable inputs for the assets or liabilities.
The Company and its subsidiaries differentiate between those assets and liabilities required to be carried at fair value at every reporting period (“recurring”) and those assets and liabilities that are only required to be adjusted to fair value under certain circumstances (“nonrecurring”). The Company and its subsidiaries mainly measure certain loans held for sale, trading debt securities,
available-for-sale
debt securities, certain equity securities, certain investment in affiliates, derivatives, certain reinsurance recoverables, and variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts at fair value on a recurring basis.
 
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The following tables present recorded amounts of major financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023:
March 31, 2023
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Total

Carrying

Value in

Consolidated

Balance Sheets
    
Quoted Prices

in Active

Markets for

Identical Assets

or Liabilities

(Level 1)
     
Significant

Other

Observable

Inputs

(Level 2)
     
Significant

Unobservable

Inputs

(Level 3)
  
Assets:
                                   
Loans held for sale*1
    ¥ 197,041     ¥ 0      ¥ 23,192      ¥ 173,849  
Trading debt securities
      2,179       0        2,179        0  
Available-for-sale
debt securities:
      2,234,608       4,334        1,986,672        243,602  
Japanese and foreign government bond securities*2
      801,295       3,004        798,291        0  
Japanese prefectural and foreign municipal bond securities
      369,246       0        365,915        3,331  
Corporate debt securities*3
      784,388       1,330        778,321        4,737  
CMBS and RMBS in the Americas
      43,173       0        43,173        0  
Other asset-backed securities and debt securities
      236,506       0        972        235,534  
Equity securities*4*5
      379,236       105,646        133,027        140,563  
Certain investment in affiliates*6
      2,511       0        0        2,511  
Derivative assets:
      72,398       203        65,377        6,818  
Interest rate swap agreements
      22,798       0        22,798        0  
Options held/written and other
      30,487       0        23,669        6,818  
Futures, foreign exchange contracts
      17,785       203        17,582        0  
Foreign currency swap agreements
      1,325       0        1,325        0  
Credit derivatives held
      3       0        3        0  
Netting*7
      (22,052 )      0        0        0  
Net derivative assets
      50,346       0        0        0  
Other assets:
      4,676       0        0        4,676  
Reinsurance recoverables*8
      4,676       0        0        4,676  
    
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total
    ¥ 2,892,649     ¥    110,183      ¥ 2,210,447      ¥ 572,019  
    
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Liabilities:
                                   
Derivative liabilities:
    ¥ 71,366     ¥ 1,484      ¥ 55,240      ¥ 14,642  
Interest rate swap agreements
      3,319       0        3,319        0  
Options held/written and other
      28,423       0        13,781        14,642  
Futures, foreign exchange contracts
      37,195       1,484        35,711        0  
Foreign currency swap agreements
      2,426       0        2,426        0  
Credit derivatives written
      3       0        3        0  
Netting*7
      (22,052 )      0        0        0  
Net derivative Liabilities
      49,314       0        0        0  
Policy Liabilities and Policy Account Balances:
      163,734       0        0        163,734  
Variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts*9
      163,734       0        0        163,734  
    
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total
    ¥ 235,100     ¥ 1,484      ¥ 55,240      ¥ 178,376  
    
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
 
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December 31, 2023
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Total

Carrying

Value in

Consolidated

Balance Sheets
    
Quoted Prices

in Active

Markets for

Identical Assets

or Liabilities

(Level 1)
     
Significant

Other

Observable

Inputs

(Level 2)
     
Significant

Unobservable

Inputs

(Level 3)
  
Assets:
           
Loans held for sale*1
    ¥ 121,135      ¥ 0      ¥ 18,541      ¥ 102,594  
Trading debt securities
      2,213       0        2,213        0  
Available-for-sale
debt securities:
      2,537,681       5,494        2,232,859        299,328  
Japanese and foreign government bond securities*2
      977,536       4,171        973,365        0  
Japanese prefectural and foreign municipal bond securities
      383,257       0        378,492        4,765  
Corporate debt securities*3
      818,313       1,323        811,839        5,151  
CMBS and RMBS in the Americas
      74,802       0        68,084        6,718  
Other asset-backed securities and debt securities
      283,773       0        1,079        282,694  
Equity securities*4*5
      394,241       110,682        133,000        150,559  
Certain investment in affiliates*6
      5,737       0        0        5,737  
Derivative assets:
      76,188       250        69,684        6,254  
Interest rate swap agreements
      22,046       0        22,046        0  
Options held/written and other
      16,883       0        10,629        6,254  
Futures, foreign exchange contracts
      36,853       250        36,603        0  
Foreign currency swap agreements
      385       0        385        0  
Credit derivatives held
      21       0        21        0  
Netting*7
      (39,061 )      0        0        0  
Net derivative assets
      37,127       0        0        0  
Other assets:
      3,433       0        0        3,433  
Reinsurance recoverables*8
      3,433       0        0        3,433  
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total
    ¥ 3,140,628     ¥ 116,426      ¥ 2,456,297      ¥ 567,905  
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Liabilities:
           
Derivative liabilities:
    ¥ 70,233     ¥ 850      ¥ 63,992      ¥ 5,391  
Interest rate swap agreements
      3,713       0        3,713        0  
Options held/written and other
      16,256       0        10,865        5,391  
Futures, foreign exchange contracts
      44,701       850        43,851        0  
Foreign currency swap agreements
      5,558       0        5,558        0  
Credit derivatives written
      5       0        5        0  
Netting*7
      (39,061 )      0        0        0  
Net derivative Liabilities
      31,172       0        0        0  
Policy Liabilities and Policy Account Balances:
      157,813       0        0        157,813  
Variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts*9
      157,813       0        0        157,813  
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total
    ¥ 228,046     ¥ 850      ¥ 63,992      ¥ 163,204  
  
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
 
– 43 –
Table of Contents
 
*1
A certain subsidiary elected the fair value option on certain loans held for sale. These loans are multi-family and seniors housing loans and are sold to Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) and institutional investors. Included in “Other (income) and expense” in the consolidated statements of income were a loss of ¥
3,664
 million and a gain of ¥
305
million from the change in the fair value of the loans for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. Included in “Other (income) and expense” in the consolidated statements of income were losses of ¥
156
 million and ¥
48
 million from the change in the fair value of the loans for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. No gains or losses were recognized in earnings during the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk. The amounts of aggregate unpaid principal balance and aggregate fair value of the loans held for sale as of March 31, 2023, were ¥
199,674
 million and ¥
197,041
 million, respectively, and the amount of the aggregate fair value was less than the amount of aggregate unpaid principal balance by ¥
2,633
 million. The amounts of aggregate unpaid principal balance and aggregate fair value of the loans held for sale as of December 31, 2023, were ¥
122,429
 million and ¥
121,135
 million, respectively, and the amount of the aggregate fair value was less than the amount of aggregate unpaid principal balance by ¥
1,294
 million. There were no loans that are 90 days or more past due or in
non-accrual
status as of March 31, 2023. The amounts of aggregate unpaid principal balance and aggregate fair value of loans that are 90 days or more past due or
,
 in
non-accrual
status as of December 31, 2023, were ¥
3,049
 million and ¥
2,431
million, respectively, and the amount of the aggregate fair value was less than the amount of aggregate unpaid principal balance by ¥
618
 million.
*2
A certain subsidiary elected the fair value option for investments in foreign government bond securities included in
available-for-sale
debt securities. Included in “Gains on investment securities and dividends” in the consolidated statements of income were a loss of ¥
15
 million and a gain of ¥
4
 million from the change in the fair value of those investments for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. Included in “Gains on investment securities and dividends” in the consolidated statements of income were gains of ¥
6
 million and ¥
11
million from the change in the fair value of those investments for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. The amounts of aggregate fair value elected the fair value option were ¥
237
 million and ¥
1,063
 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
*3
A certain subsidiary elected the fair value option for investments in foreign corporate debt securities included in
available-for-sale
debt securities. Included in “Gains on investment securities and dividends” in the consolidated statements of income were a loss of ¥
705
 million and a gain of ¥
380
 million from the change in the fair value of those investments for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. Included in “Gains on investment securities and dividends” in the consolidated statements of income were gains of ¥
272
 million and ¥
428
 million from the change in the fair value of those investments for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. The amounts of aggregate fair value elected the fair value option were ¥
6,605
 million and ¥
7,144
 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
*4
Certain subsidiaries elected the fair value option for certain investments in investment funds, and others included in equity securities. Included in “Gains on investment securities and dividends” and “Life insurance premiums and related investment income” in the consolidated statements of income were gains of ¥
499
 million and ¥
1,224
 million from the change in the fair value of those investments for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. Included in “Gains on investment securities and dividends” and “Life insurance premiums and related investment income” in the consolidated statements of income were a loss of ¥
47
 million and a gain of ¥
405
 million from the change in the fair value of those investments for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. The amounts of aggregate fair value elected the fair value option were ¥
16,032
 million and ¥
19,059
 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
*5
The amounts of investment funds measured at net asset value per share which are not included in the above tables were ¥
51,263
 million and ¥
76,593
 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
*6
A certain subsidiary elected the fair value option for certain investment in affiliates.
No
gain
s
 or loss
es
w
ere
 recognized in earnings from the change in the fair value of those investments for the nine months ended December 31, 2022. Included in “Equity in Net Income of Affiliates” in the consolidated statements of income was a gain of ¥1,029 million from the change in the fair value of those investments for the nine months ended December 31, 2023.
No
gain
s
or loss
es
w
ere
 recognized in earnings from the change in the fair value of those investments for the three months ended December 31, 2022. Included in “Equity in Net Income of Affiliates” in the consolidated statements of income was a gain of ¥1,029 million from the change in the fair value of those investments for the three months ended December 31, 2023. The amounts of aggregate fair value elected the fair value option were ¥
2,511
 million and ¥
5,737
 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
*7
It represents the amount offset under counterparty netting of derivative assets and liabilities.
*8
Certain subsidiaries elected the fair value option for certain reinsurance contracts held. The fair value of the reinsurance contracts elected for the fair value option in other assets were ¥
4,676
 million and ¥
3,433
 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively. For the effect of changes in the fair value of those reinsurance contracts on earnings during the nine and three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, see Note 17 “Income and Expenses Relating to Life Insurance Operations.”
*9
Certain subsidiaries elected the fair value option for the entire variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts held. The fair value of the variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts elected for the fair value option in policy liabilities and policy account balances were ¥
163,734
 million and ¥
157,813
 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively. For the effect of changes in the fair value of the variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts on earnings during the nine and three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, see Note 17 “Income and Expenses Relating to Life Insurance Operations.”
 
– 44 –
Table of Contents
The following tables present the reconciliation of financial assets and liabilities (net) measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023:
Nine months ended December 31, 2022
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Balance at

April 1,

2022
    
Gains or losses

(realized/unrealized)
    
Purchases*3
     
Sales
    
Settlements*4
    
Transfers

in and/

or out of

Level 3

(net)
     
Balance at

December 31,

2022
    
Change in

unrealized

gains or losses

included in

earnings for

assets and

liabilities

still held at

December 31,

2022*1
    
Change in

unrealized

gains or losses

included in

other

comprehensive

income for

assets and

liabilities

still held at

December 31,

2022*2
  
   
Included in

earnings*1
    
Included in

other

comprehensive

income*2
    
Total
  
Loans held for sale
    ¥ 0     ¥ 0     ¥ 0     ¥ 0     ¥ 0      ¥ 0     ¥ 0     ¥ 176,055      ¥ 176,055     ¥ 0     ¥ 0  
Available-for-sale
debt securities
      141,060       2,999       67       3,066       72,735        (5,678 )      (8,502 )      0        202,681       2,793       431  
Japanese prefectural and foreign municipal bond securities
      3,053       0       257       257       0        0       0       0        3,310       0       257  
Corporate debt securities
      697       (22 )      (0 )      (22 )      5,922        0       (416 )      0        6,181       (55 )      1  
Other asset-backed securities and debt securities
      137,310       3,021       (190 )      2,831       66,813        (5,678 )      (8,086 )      0        193,190       2,848       173  
Equity securities
      112,972       10,652       8,203       18,855       4,696        (7,211 )      (1,994 )      0        127,318       9,897       8,201  
Investment funds, and others
      112,972       10,652       8,203       18,855       4,696        (7,211 )      (1,994 )      0        127,318       9,897       8,201  
Derivative assets and liabilities (net)
      (3,772 )      (7,964 )      (1,137 )      (9,101 )      0        0       0       0        (12,873 )      (7,964 )      (1,137 ) 
Options held/written and other
      (3,772 )      (7,964 )      (1,137 )      (9,101 )      0        0       0       0        (12,873 )      (7,964 )      (1,137 ) 
Other asset
      5,214       (655 )      0       (655 )      901        0       (322 )      0        5,138       (655 )      0  
Reinsurance recoverables*5
      5,214       (655 )      0       (655 )      901        0       (322 )      0        5,138       (655 )      0  
Policy Liabilities and Policy Account Balances
      198,905       12,752       16       12,768       0        0       (23,179 )      0        162,958       12,752       16  
Variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts*6
      198,905       12,752       16       12,768       0        0       (23,179 )      0        162,958       12,752       16  
 
– 45 –
Table of Contents
Nine months ended December 31, 2023
 
 
 
Millions of yen
 
 
 
Balance at

April 1,

2023
 
 
Gains or losses

(realized/unrealized)
 
 
Purchases*3
 
 
Sales
 
 
Settlements*4
 
 
Transfers

in and/

or out of

Level 3

(net)
 
 
Balance at

December 31,

2023
 
 
Change in

unrealized

gains or losses

included in

earnings for

assets and

liabilities

still held at

December 31,

2023*1
 
 
Change in

unrealized

gains or losses

included in

other

comprehensive

income for

assets and

liabilities

still held at

December 31,

2023*2
 
 
 
Included in

earnings *1
 
 
Included in

other

comprehensive

income*2
 
 
Total
 
Loans held for sale
   ¥ 173,849     ¥ 334     ¥ 12,309     ¥ 12,643     ¥ 3,760     ¥ (66,723 )    ¥ (20,935 )    ¥ 0     ¥ 102,594     ¥ 39     ¥ 12,309  
Available-for-sale
debt securities
     243,602       6,627       7,886       14,513       54,467       (5,680 )      (8,847 )      1,273       299,328       8,724       8,398  
Japanese prefectural and foreign municipal bond securities
     3,331       (81 )      242       161       0       0       0       1,273       4,765       (81 )      200  
Corporate debt securities
     4,737       540       (0 )      540       14       0       (140 )      0       5,151       271       (0 ) 
CMBS and RMBS in the Americas
     0       0       (161 )      (161 )      6,879       0       0       0       6,718       0       0  
Other asset-backed securities and debt securities
     235,534       6,168       7,805       13,973       47,574       (5,680 )      (8,707 )      0       282,694       8,534       8,198  
Equity securities
     140,563       835       8,837       9,672       1,779       (435 )      (1,020 )      0       150,559       549       8,859  
Investment funds, and others
     140,563       835       8,837       9,672       1,779       (435 )      (1,020 )      0       150,559       549       8,859  
Certain investment in affiliates
     2,511       1,029       68       1,097       2,282       0       (153 )     0       5,737       1,029       68  
Derivative assets and liabilities (net)
     (7,824 )      9,267       (580 )      8,687       0       0       0       0       863       9,267       (580 ) 
Options held/written and other
     (7,824 )      9,267       (580 )      8,687       0       0       0       0       863       9,267       (580 ) 
Other asset
     4,676       (1,856 )      0       (1,856 )      734       0       (121 )      0       3,433       (1,856 )      0  
Reinsurance recoverables*5
     4,676       (1,856 )      0       (1,856 )      734       0       (121 )      0       3,433       (1,856 )      0  
Policy Liabilities and Policy Account Balances
     163,734       (14,428 )      (207 )      (14,635 )      0       0       (20,556 )      0       157,813       (14,428 )      (207 ) 
Variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts*6
     163,734       (14,428 )      (207 )      (14,635 )      0       0       (20,556 )      0       157,813       (14,428 )      (207 ) 

*1
Principally, gains and losses from loans held for sale are included in “Finance revenues”,
available-for-sale
debt securities are included in “Gains on investment securities and dividends”, “Write-downs of securities” or “Life insurance premiums and related investment income”; equity securities are included in “Gains on investment securities and dividends” and “Life insurance premiums and related investment income” and derivative assets and liabilities (net) are included in “Other (income) and expense” respectively. Additionally, for
available-for-sale
debt securities, amortization of interest recognized in finance revenues is included in these columns.
*2
Unrealized gains and losses from loans held for sale are included in “Net change of foreign currency translation adjustments”, unrealized gains and losses from
available-for-sale
debt securities are included in “Net change of unrealized gains (losses) on investment in securities” and “Net change of foreign currency translation adjustments”, unrealized gains and losses from equity securities, certain investment in affiliates, and derivative assets and liabilities (net) are included mainly in “Net change of foreign currency translation adjustments”, unrealized gains and losses from policy liabilities and policy account balances are included in “Net change of debt valuation adjustments.”
*3
Increases resulting from an acquisition of a subsidiary and insurance contracts ceded to reinsurance companies are included.
*4
Decreases resulting from the receipts of reimbursements for benefits, and decreases resulting from insurance payouts to variable annuity and variable life policyholders due to death, surrender and maturity of the investment period are included.
*5
“Included in earnings” in the above table includes changes in the fair value of reinsurance contracts recorded in “Life insurance costs” and reinsurance premiums, net of reinsurance benefits received, recorded in “Life insurance premiums and related investment income.”
*6
“Included in earnings” in the above table is recorded in “Life insurance costs” and includes changes in the fair value of policy liabilities and policy account balances resulting from gains or losses on the underlying investment assets managed on behalf of variable annuity and variable life policyholders, and the changes in the minimum guarantee risks relating to variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts as well as insurance costs recognized for insurance and annuity payouts as a result of insured events. For a reconciliation of the total amount of policyholder account balances and the balances of market risk benefits related to variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts during year ended March 31, 2023 and for the nine months ended December 31, 2023, see Note 18 “Long-Durations Insurance Contracts Relating to Life Insurance Operations.”
In the nine months ended December 31, 2022, loans held for sale totaling ¥176,055 million were transferred from Level 2 to Level 3, since the inputs became unobservable. In the nine months ended December 31, 2023, foreign municipal bond securities totaling ¥1,273 million were transferred from level 2 to level 3, since the inputs became unobservable.
 
– 46 –
Table of Contents
The following tables present the reconciliation of financial assets and liabilities (net) measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023:
Three months ended December 31, 2022
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Balance at

September 30,

2022
    
Gains or losses

(realized/unrealized)
    
Purchases*3
     
Sales
    
Settlements*4
    
Transfers

in and/

or out of

Level 3

(net)
     
Balance at

December 31,

2022
    
Change in

unrealized

gains or losses

included in

earnings for

assets and

liabilities

still held at

December 31,
2022 *1
    
Change in

unrealized

gains or losses

included in

other

comprehensive

income for

assets and

liabilities

still held at

December 31,

2022 *2
  
   
Included in

earnings*1
    
Included in

other

comprehensive

income*2
    
Total
  
Loans held for sale
    ¥ 0     ¥ 0     ¥ 0     ¥ 0     ¥ 0      ¥ 0     ¥ 0     ¥ 176,055      ¥ 176,055     ¥ 0     ¥ 0  
Available-for-sale
debt securities
      195,005       (7,012 )      (5,644 )      (12,656 )      25,374        0       (5,042 )      0        202,681       (7,202 )      (5,659 ) 
Japanese prefectural and foreign municipal bond securities
      3,612       0       (302 )      (302 )      0        0       0       0        3,310       0       (302 ) 
Corporate debt securities
      350       (22 )      1       (21 )      5,922        0       (70 )      0        6,181       (55 )      1  
Other asset-backed securities and debt securities
      191,043       (6,990 )      (5,343 )      (12,333 )      19,452        0       (4,972 )      0        193,190       (7,147 )      (5,358 ) 
Equity securities
      130,372       6,778       (11,489 )      (4,711 )      2,196        (67 )      (472 )      0        127,318       6,742       (11,487 ) 
Investment funds, and others
      130,372       6,778       (11,489 )      (4,711 )      2,196        (67 )      (472 )      0        127,318       6,742       (11,487 ) 
Derivative assets and liabilities (net)
      (24,839 )      10,522       1,444       11,966       0        0       0       0        (12,873 )      10,522       1,444  
Options held/written and other
      (24,839 )      10,522       1,444       11,966       0        0       0       0        (12,873 )      10,522       1,444  
Other asset
      5,702       (776 )      0       (776 )      269        0       (57 )      0        5,138       (776 )      0  
Reinsurance recoverables*5
      5,702       (776 )      0       (776 )      269        0       (57 )      0        5,138       (776 )      0  
Policy Liabilities and Policy Account Balances
      170,177       1,073       (67 )      1,006       0        0       (6,213 )      0        162,958       1,073       (67 ) 
Variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts*6
      170,177       1,073       (67 )      1,006       0        0       (6,213 )      0        162,958       1,073       (67 ) 
 
– 47 –
Table of Contents
Three months ended December 31, 2023
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
Millions of yen
  
 
 
 
  
 
Balance at

September 30,

2023
    
Gains or losses

(realized/unrealized)
    
Purchases*3
    
Sales
    
Settlements*4
    
Transfers

in and/

or out of

Level 3

(net)
    
Balance at

December 31,

2023
    
Change in

unrealized

gains or losses

included in

earnings for

assets and

liabilities

still held at

December 31,

2023 *1
    
Change in

unrealized

gains or losses

included in

other

comprehensive

income for

assets and

liabilities

still held at

December 31,

2023 *2
  
   
Included in

earnings *1
    
Included in

other

comprehensive

income*2
    
Total
  
Loans held for sale
   ¥ 127,389     ¥ (5 )    ¥ (5,940 )    ¥ (5,945 )    ¥ 628     ¥ (8,373)     ¥ (11,105)     ¥ 0     ¥ 102,594     ¥ (101 )    ¥ (5,940 ) 
Available-for-sale
debt securities
     282,155       (5,900 )     (5,798 )     (11,698 )     32,491       (2,029 )      (1,591 )      0       299,328       (3,232 )      (5,697 ) 
Japanese prefectural and foreign municipal bond securities
     5,025       (1 )      (259 )     (260 )     0       0       0       0       4,765       (1 )      (272 ) 
Corporate debt securities
     5,400       (179 )      0       (179 )      0       0       (70 )      0       5,151       (268 )      0  
CMBS and RMBS in the Americas
     7,075       0       (357 )      (357 )      0       0       0       0       6,718       0       0  
Other asset-backed securities and debt securities
     264,655       (5,720 )     (5,182 )      (10,902 )     32,491       (2,029 )      (1,521 )      0       282,694       (2,963 )      (5,425 ) 
Equity securities
     160,131       (1,548 )     (8,199 )     (9,747 )      719       (34 )      (510 )      0       150,559       (1,626 )      (8,178 ) 
Investment funds, and others
     160,131       (1,548 )     (8,199 )     (9,747 )      719       (34 )      (510 )      0       150,559       (1,626 )      (8,178 ) 
Certain investment in affiliates
     5,003       1,029       (295 )     734       0       0       0       0       5,737       1,029       (295 )
Derivative assets and liabilities (net)
     (4,214 )      5,038       39       5,077       0       0       0       0       863       5,038       39  
Options held/written and other
     (4,214 )      5,038       39       5,077       0       0       0       0       863       5,038       39  
Other asset
     3,670       (447 )      0       (447 )      234       0       (24 )      0       3,433       (447 )      0  
Reinsurance recoverables*5
     3,670       (447 )      0       (447 )      234       0       (24 )      0       3,433       (447 )      0  
Policy Liabilities and Policy Account Balances
     160,177       (4,307 )      (37 )      (4,344 )      0       0       (6,708 )      0       157,813       (4,307 )      (37 ) 
Variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts*6
     160,177       (4,307 )      (37 )      (4,344 )      0       0       (6,708 )      0       157,813       (4,307 )      (37 ) 

*1
Principally, gains and losses from loans held for sale are included in “Finance revenues”,
available-for-sale
debt securities are included in “Gains on investment securities and dividends”, “Write-downs of securities” or “Life insurance premiums and related investment income”; equity securities are included in “Gains on investment securities and dividends” and “Life insurance premiums and related investment income” and derivative assets and liabilities (net) are included in “Other (income) and expense” respectively. Additionally, for
available-for-sale
debt securities, amortization of interest recognized in finance revenues is included in these columns.
*2
Unrealized gains and losses from loans held for sale are included in “Net change of foreign currency translation adjustments”, unrealized gains and losses from
available-for-sale
debt securities are included in “Net change of unrealized gains (losses) on investment in securities” and “Net change of foreign currency translation adjustments”, unrealized gains and losses from equity securities, certain investment in affiliates, and derivative assets and liabilities (net) are included mainly in “Net change of foreign currency translation adjustments”, unrealized gains and losses from policy liabilities and policy account balances are included in “Net change of debt valuation adjustments.”
*3
Increases resulting from an acquisition of a subsidiary and insurance contracts ceded to reinsurance companies are included.
*4
Decreases resulting from the receipts of reimbursements for benefits, and decreases resulting from insurance payouts to variable annuity and variable life policyholders due to death, surrender and maturity of the investment period are included.
*5
“Included in earnings” in the above table includes changes in the fair value of reinsurance contracts recorded in “Life insurance costs” and reinsurance premiums, net of reinsurance benefits received, recorded in “Life insurance premiums and related investment income.”
*6
“Included in earnings” in the above table is recorded in “Life insurance costs” and includes changes in the fair value of policy liabilities and policy account balances resulting from gains or losses on the underlying investment assets managed on behalf of variable annuity and variable life policyholders, and the changes in the minimum guarantee risks relating to variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts as well as insurance costs recognized for insurance and annuity payouts as a result of insured events.
In the three months ended December 31, 2022, loans held for sale totaling ¥176,055 million were transferred from Level 2 to Level 3, since the inputs became unobservable. In the three months ended December 31, 2023,
there were no transfers in/out of Level 3.
 
– 48 –
Table of Contents
The following tables present recorded amounts of assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during year ended March 31, 2023 and the nine months ended December 31, 2023. These assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis mainly to recognize impairment:
Year ended March 31, 2023
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Total

Carrying

Value in

Consolidated

Balance Sheets
     
Quoted Prices

in Active

Markets for

Identical Assets

(Level 1)
     
Significant

Other

Observable

Inputs

(Level 2)
     
Significant

Unobservable

Inputs

(Level 3)
  
Assets:
            
Loans held for sale
    ¥ 1,139      ¥ 0      ¥ 1,139      ¥ 0  
Real estate collateral-dependent loans (net of allowance for credit losses)
      5,970        0        0        5,970  
Investment in operating leases, property under facility operations, office facilities and other assets
      4,568        0        31        4,537  
Certain equity securities
      11,794        0        11,794        0  
Certain investment in affiliates
      4,013        3,587        0        426  
  
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
   ¥ 27,484      ¥ 3,587      ¥ 12,964      ¥ 10,933  
  
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
 
Nine months ended December 31, 2023
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Total

Carrying

Value in

Consolidated

Balance Sheets
     
Quoted Prices

in Active

Markets for

Identical Assets

(Level 1)
     
Significant

Other

Observable

Inputs

(Level 2)
     
Significant

Unobservable

Inputs

(Level 3)
  
Assets:
            
Loans held for sale
    ¥ 8,431      ¥ 0      ¥ 8,272      ¥ 159  
Real estate collateral-dependent loans (net of allowance for credit losses)
      6,493        0        0        6,493  
Investment in operating leases and property under facility operations
      517        0        0        517  
Certain equity securities
      16,170        0        16,170        0  
  
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
   ¥ 31,611      ¥ 0      ¥ 24,442      ¥ 7,169  
  
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
The following is a description of the main valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured at fair value.
Loans held for sale
Certain loans, which the Company and its subsidiaries have the intent and ability to sell to outside parties in the foreseeable future, are considered
held-for-sale.
The loans held for sale in the Americas are classified as Level 2, if the Company and its subsidiaries measure their fair value based on a market approach using inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the assets such as treasury rate, swap rate and market spread. The loans held for sale in the Americas are classified as Level 3, if the Company and its subsidiaries measure their fair value based on discounted cash flow methodologies using inputs that are unobservable in the market.
Real estate collateral-dependent loans
The allowance for credit losses for large balance
non-homogeneous
loans is individually evaluated based on the present value of expected future cash flows, the loan’s observable market price or the fair value of the collateral securing the loans if the loans are collateral-dependent. According to ASC 820 (“Fair Value Measurement”), measurement for loans with deterioration in credit quality determined using a present value technique is not considered a fair value measurement. However, measurement for loans with deterioration in credit quality determined using the loan’s observable market price or the fair value of the collateral securing the collateral-dependent loans are fair value measurements and are subject to the disclosure requirements for nonrecurring fair value measurements.
 
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Table of Contents
The Company and its subsidiaries determine the fair value of the real estate collateral of real estate collateral-dependent loans using appraisals prepared by independent third party appraisers or our own staff of qualified appraisers based on recent transactions involving sales of similar assets or other valuation techniques such as discounted cash flows methodologies using future cash flows estimated to be generated from operation of the existing assets or completion of development projects, as appropriate. The Company and its subsidiaries generally obtain a new appraisal once a fiscal year. In addition, the Company and its subsidiaries periodically monitor circumstances of the real estate collateral and then obtain a new appraisal in situations involving a significant change in economic and/or physical conditions, which may materially affect the fair value of the collateral. Real estate collateral-dependent loans whose fair values are estimated using appraisals of the underlying collateral based on these valuation techniques are classified as Level 3 because such appraisals involve unobservable inputs. These unobservable inputs contain discount rates and cap rates as well as future cash flows estimated to be generated from real estate collateral. An increase (decrease) in the discount rate or cap rate and a decrease (increase) in the estimated future cash flows would result in a decrease (increase) in the fair value of real estate collateral-dependent loans.
Investment in operating leases, property under facility operations, office facilities and other assets, and land and buildings undeveloped or under construction
Investment in operating leases measured at fair value is mostly real estate. The Company and its subsidiaries determine the fair value of investment in operating leases, property under facility operations, office facilities and other assets, and land and buildings undeveloped or under construction using appraisals prepared by independent third party appraisers or the Company’s own staff of qualified appraisers, and others based on recent transactions involving sales of similar assets or other valuation techniques such as discounted cash flow methodologies using future cash flows estimated to be generated from operation of the existing assets or completion of development projects, as appropriate. The Company and its subsidiaries classified these assets as Level 3 because such appraisals involve unobservable inputs. These unobservable inputs contain discount rates as well as future cash flows estimated to be generated from the assets or projects. An increase (decrease) in the discount rate and a decrease (increase) in the estimated future cash flows would result in a decrease (increase) in the fair value of investment in operating leases and property under facility operations and land and buildings undeveloped or under construction.
Movable properties owned by a certain subsidiary are classified as Level 2, because fair value measurement is based on observable inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1, such as prices for similar assets.
Trading debt securities and
available-for-sale
debt securities
If active market prices are available, fair value measurement is based on quoted active market prices and, accordingly, these securities are classified as Level 1. If active market prices are not available, fair value measurement is based on observable inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1, such as prices for similar assets and accordingly these securities are classified as Level 2. If market prices are not available and there are no observable inputs, then fair value is estimated by using valuation models such as discounted cash flow methodologies and broker quotes. Such securities are classified as Level 3, as the valuation models and broker quotes are based on inputs that are unobservable in the market. If fair value is based on broker quotes, the Company and its subsidiaries check the validity of received prices based on comparison to prices of other similar assets and market data such as relevant benchmark indices.
The Company and its subsidiaries classified CMBS and RMBS in the Americas and other asset-backed securities as Level 2 if the inputs such as trading price and/or bid price are observable. The Company and its subsidiaries classified CMBS and RMBS in the Americas and other asset-backed securities as Level 3 if the Company and subsidiaries evaluate the fair value based on the unobservable inputs. In determining whether the inputs are observable or unobservable, the Company and its subsidiaries evaluate various factors such as the lack of recent transactions, price quotations that are not based on current information or vary substantially over time or among market makers, a significant increase in implied risk premium, a wide
bid-ask
spread, significant decline in new issuances, little or no public information (e.g. a
principal-to-principal
market) and other factors. With respect to certain CMBS and RMBS in the Americas and other asset-backed securities, the Company and its subsidiaries classified these securities that were measured at fair value based on the observable inputs such as trading price and/or bit price as Level 2. But for those securities that lacked observable trades because they are older vintage or below investment grade securities, the Company and its subsidiaries limit the reliance on independent pricing service vendors and brokers. As a result, the Company and its subsidiaries established internally developed pricing models using valuation techniques such as discounted cash flow model using Level 3 inputs in order to estimate fair value of these debt securities and classified them as Level 3. Under the models, the Company and its subsidiaries use anticipated cash flows of the security, discounted at a risk-adjusted discount rate that incorporates our estimate of credit risk and liquidity risk that a market participant would consider. The cash flows are estimated based on a number of assumptions such as default rate and prepayment speed, as well as seniority of the security. An increase (decrease) in the discount rate or default rate would result in a decrease (increase) in the fair value of CMBS and RMBS in the Americas and other asset-backed securities.
 
– 50 –
Table of Contents
Equity securities and investment in affiliates
If active market prices are available, fair value measurement is based on quoted active market prices and, accordingly, these securities are classified as Level 1. If active market prices are not available, fair value measurement is based on observable inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1, such as prices for similar assets and accordingly these securities are classified as Level 2. In addition, a certain Americas subsidiary measures its investments held by the investment companies which are owned by the subsidiary at fair value. These investment funds, certain equity securities and certain investment in affiliates are classified as Level 3, because fair value measurement is based on the combination of discounted cash flow methodologies and market multiple valuation methods, or broker quotes. Discounted cash flow methodologies use future cash flows to be generated from investees, weighted average cost of capital (WACC) and others. Market multiple valuation methods use earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) multiples based on actual and projected cash flows, comparable peer companies, and comparable precedent transactions and others. Furthermore, certain subsidiaries elected the fair value option for investments in some funds. These investment funds for which the fair value option is elected are classified as level 3, because the subsidiaries measure their fair value using discounting to net asset value based on inputs that are unobservable in the market, or broker quotes. A certain subsidiary elected the fair value option for certain investment in affiliates. These investment in affiliates are classified as Level 3, because fair value measurement is based on discounted cash flow methodologies.
Derivatives
For exchange-traded derivatives, fair value is based on quoted market prices, and accordingly, classified as Level 1. For
non-exchange
traded derivatives, fair value is based on commonly used models and discounted cash flow methodologies. If the inputs used for these measurements including yield curves and volatilities, are observable, the Company and its subsidiaries classify it as Level 2. If the inputs are not observable, the Company and its subsidiaries classify it as Level 3. These unobservable inputs contain discount rates. An increase (decrease) in the discount rate would result in a decrease (increase) in the fair value of derivatives.
Reinsurance recoverables
Certain subsidiaries have elected the fair value option for certain reinsurance contracts related to variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts to partially offset the changes in fair value recognized in earnings of the policy liabilities and policy account balances attributable to the changes in the minimum guarantee risks of the variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts. These reinsurance contracts for which the fair value option is elected are classified as Level 3 because the subsidiaries measure their fair value using discounted cash flow methodologies based on inputs that are unobservable in the market.
Variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts
A certain subsidiary has elected the fair value option for the entire variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts held in order to match earnings recognized for changes in fair value of policy liabilities and policy account balances with the earnings recognized for gains or losses from the investment assets managed on behalf of variable annuity and variable life policyholders, derivative contracts and changes in fair value of reinsurance contracts. The changes in fair value of the variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts are linked to the fair value of the investment in securities managed on behalf of variable annuity and variable life policyholders. These securities consist mainly of equity securities traded in the market. In addition, variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts are exposed to the minimum guarantee risk, and the subsidiary adjusts the fair value of the underlying investments by incorporating changes in fair value of the minimum guarantee risk in the evaluation of the fair value of the entire variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts. The variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts for which the fair value option is elected are classified as Level 3 because the subsidiary measures the fair value using discounted cash flow methodologies based on inputs that are unobservable in the market.
Reporting units including goodwill
Certain reporting units including goodwill are classified as level 3, because fair value measurement is based on discounted cash flow methodologies and business enterprise value multiples methodologies using inputs that are unobservable in the market. Discounted cash flow methodologies use future cash flows to be generated, weighted average cost of capital (WACC) and others. Business enterprise value multiples methodologies use earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) multiples based on comparable peer companies, comparable precedent transactions and others.
Intangible assets acquired in business combinations
Certain intangible assets acquired in business combinations are classified as level 3, because fair value measurement is based on discounted cash flow methodologies using inputs that are unobservable in the market. Discounted cash flow methodologies use future cash flows, weighted average cost of capital (WACC) and others.
 
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Table of Contents
Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
The following tables provide information about the valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023.
 
    
March 31, 2023
    
Millions of yen
                 
    
Fair value
     
        Valuation technique(s)    
   
  Significant unobservable inputs  
   
Range
(Weighted average)
Assets:
            
Loans held for sale
    ¥ 173,849      Discounted cash flows   
Discount
rate		   
8.0% – 10.0%
(9.0%)
Available-for-sale
debt securities:
            
Japanese prefectural and foreign municipal bond securities
      3,331      Appraisals/Broker quotes    —      —  
Corporate debt securities
      280      Discounted cash flows    Discount rate   
0.4%
(0.4%)
     4,457      Appraisals/Broker quotes    —      —  
Other asset-backed securities and debt securities
      29,165      Discounted cash flows    Discount rate   
0.2% – 51.2%
(8.9%)
         Probability of default   
1.9%
(1.9%)
     206,369      Appraisals/Broker quotes    —      —  
Equity securities:
            
Investment funds
      120,744      Discounted cash flows    WACC   
11.9% – 26.4%
(17.2%)
         EV/Terminal EBITDA multiple   
7.5x-12.0x
(9.5x)
      Market multiples    EV/Last twelve months EBITDA multiple   
5.5x-8.7x
(7.9x)
         EV/Forward EBITDA multiple   
4.9x-8.9x
(7.6x)
         EV/Precedent transaction last twelve months EBITDA multiple   
7.5x-14.5x
(10.0x)
     19,819      Appraisals/Broker quotes    —      —  
Certain investment in affiliates
      2,511      Discounted cash flows    Discount rate   
8.0% – 12.0%
(10.0%)
Derivative assets:
            
Options held/written and other
      6,818      Discounted cash flows    Discount rate   
12.0% – 32.0%
(14.4%)
Other assets:
            
Reinsurance recoverables
      4,676      Discounted cash flows    Discount rate   
(0.4)% – 1.5%
(0.4%)
         Mortality rate   
0.0% – 100.0%
(2.6%)
         Lapse rate   
1.5% – 14.0%
(5.0%)
        
Annuitization rate
(guaranteed minimum annuity benefit)
   
0.0% – 100.0%
(100.0%)
  
 
 
           
Total
    ¥ 572,019           
  
 
 
           
Liabilities:
            
Derivative liabilities:
            
Options held/written and other
    ¥ 14,603      Discounted cash flows    Discount rate   
12.0% – 32.0%
(14.4%)
     39      Appraisals/Broker quotes    —      —  
Policy liabilities and Policy Account Balances:
            
Variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts
      163,734      Discounted cash flows    Discount rate   
(0.4)% – 1.5%
(0.4%)
         Mortality rate   
0.0% – 100.0%
(2.1%)
         Lapse rate   
1.5% – 30.0%
(5.9%)
        
Annuitization rate
(guaranteed minimum annuity benefit)
   
0.0
% – 
100.0
%
(68.8
%)
  
 
 
           
Total
    ¥ 178,376           
  
 
 
           
 
– 52 –
Table of Contents
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
December 31, 2023
   
Millions of yen
              
   
Fair value
    
Valuation technique(s)
  
  Significant unobservable inputs  
  
Range
(Weighted
average)
Assets:
                    
Loans held for sale
   ¥ 102,594     Discounted cash flows   Discount rate  
7.9
% – 
13.2
%
(10.0
%)
Available-for-sale
debt securities:
                    
Japanese prefectural and foreign municipal bond securities
     1,227     Discounted cash flows   Discount rate  
5.8
%
(
5.8
%)
      3,538     Appraisals/Broker quotes   —     —  
Corporate debt securities
     140     Discounted cash flows   Discount rate  
0.5
%
(
0.5
%)
      5,011     Appraisals/Broker quotes   —     —  
CMBS and RMBS in the Americas
     6,718     Appraisals/Broker quotes   —     —  
Other asset-backed securities and debt securities
     29,753     Discounted cash flows   Discount rate  
0.1
% – 
51.2
%
(7.1%)
                Probability of default  
1.9
%
(1.9
%)
      252,941     Appraisals/Broker quotes   —     —  
Equity securities:
                    
Investment funds
     127,715     Discounted cash flows   WACC  
12.8
% – 
26.4
%
(17.1
%)
                EV/Terminal EBITDA multiple  
7.5
x-
12.0
x
(
9.5
x)
            Market multiples   EV/Last twelve months EBITDA multiple  
7.4
x-
9.4
x
(
8.4
x)
                EV/Forward EBITDA multiple  
6.9
x-
9.3
x
(
8.1
x)
                EV/Precedent transaction last twelve months EBITDA multiple  
7.5
x-
13.0
x
(
9.9
x)
      22,844     Appraisals/Broker quotes   —     —  
Certain investment in affiliates
     5,737     Discounted cash flows   Discount rate  
8.0
% – 
12.0
%
(
10.3
%)
Derivative assets:
                    
Options held/written and other
     6,254     Discounted cash flows   Discount rate  
12.0
% – 
33.0
%
(
14.5
%)
Other assets:
                    
Reinsurance recoverables
     3,433     Discounted cash flows   Discount rate  
(0.4)% – 
1.7
%
(
0.4
%)
                Mortality rate  
0.0
% – 
100.0
%
(
2.8
%)
                Lapse rate  
1.5
% – 
14.0
%
(
4.9
%)
               
Annuitization rate
(guaranteed minimum annuity benefit)
  
0.0
% – 
100.0
%
(
100.0
%)
   
 
 
              
Total
   ¥ 567,905              
   
 
 
              
Liabilities:
                    
Derivative liabilities:
                    
Options held/written and other
   ¥ 5,366     Discounted cash flows   Discount rate  
12.0
% – 
33.0
%
(
14.5
%)
      25     Appraisals/Broker quotes   —     —  
Policy liabilities and Policy Account Balances:
                    
Variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts
     157,813     Discounted cash flows   Discount rate  
(0.4
)% – 
1.7
%
(
0.4
%)
                Mortality rate  
0.0
% – 
100.0
%
(
2.1
%)
                Lapse rate  
1.5
% – 
30.0
%
(
5.9
%)
               
Annuitization rate
(guaranteed minimum annuity benefit)
  
0.0
% – 
100.0
%
(
68.2
%)
   
 
 
              
Total
   ¥ 163,204              
   
 
 
              
 
– 53 –
Table of Contents
The following tables provide information about the valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during year ended March 31, 2023 and the nine months ended December 31, 2023.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Year ended March 31, 2023
    
Millions of yen
                 
    
Fair value
     
  Valuation technique(s)  
   
 Significant unobservable inputs 
   
Range
(Weighted average)
Assets:
                        
Real estate collateral-dependent loans (net of allowance for credit losses)
    ¥ 1,351      Direct capitalization    Capitalization rate   
4.7
% – 
6.6
%
(
5.5
%)
       4,619      Appraisals    —     — 
Investment in operating leases, property under facility operations, office facilities and other assets
      3,257      Discounted cash flows    Discount rate   
0.5
% – 
5.8
%
(
4.9
%)
       1,280      Appraisals    —     — 
Certain investment in affiliates
      23      Discounted cash flows    Discount rate   
3.7
%
(
3.7
%)
       403      Appraisals    —     — 
    
 
 
                 
     ¥ 10,933                 
    
 
 
                 
   
    
Nine months ended December 31, 2023
    
Millions of yen
                 
    
Fair value
     
Valuation technique(s)
   
Significant unobservable inputs
   
Range
(Weighted average)
Assets:
                        
Loans held for sale
    ¥ 159      Discounted cash flows    Discount rate   
9.6% – 9.7%
(9.6%)
Real estate collateral-dependent loans (net of allowance for credit losses)
      1,018      Direct capitalization    Capitalization rate   
4.6
% –
6.3
%
(
5.3
%)
       5,475      Appraisals    —     — 
Investment in operating leases and property under facility operations
      50      Discounted cash flows    Discount rate   
13.0
%
                        (
13.0
%)
       467      Appraisals    —     — 
    
 
 
                 
     ¥ 7,169                 
    
 
 
                 
The Company and its subsidiaries generally use discounted cash flow methodologies or similar internally developed models to determine the fair value of Level 3 assets and liabilities. Use of these techniques requires determination of relevant inputs and assumptions, some of which represent significant unobservable inputs as indicated in the preceding table. Accordingly, changes in these unobservable inputs may have a significant impact on the fair value.
Certain of these unobservable inputs will have a directionally consistent impact on the fair value of the asset or liability for a given change in that input. Alternatively, the fair value of the asset or liability may move in an opposite direction for a given change in another input. Where multiple inputs are used within the valuation technique of an asset or liability, a change in one input in a certain direction may be offset by an opposite change in another input having a potentially muted impact to the overall fair value of that particular asset or liability. Additionally, a change in one unobservable input may result in a change to another unobservable input (that is, changes in certain inputs are interrelated to one another), which may counteract or magnify the fair value impact.
Unobservable inputs are weighted by the relative fair value of the asset or liability.
For more analysis of the uncertainty of each input, see the description of the main valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured at fair value.
 
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4.
Acquisitions and Divestitures
(1) DHC Corporation acquisition
On November 11, 2022, in an effort to expand ORIX Group’s network in the healthcare business, the Company executed a share purchase agreement with Mr. Yoshiaki Yoshida, a major shareholder of DHC Corporation (hereinafter, “DHC”), and reached a basic agreement to acquire the shares of DHC. On January 31, 2023, as the date of the business combination, the Company acquired the total number of issued shares of DHC and DHC became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.
The total cost of the acquisition consideration is ¥300,000 million, which is paid in cash.
Transaction costs of ¥3,435 million were included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Company’s consolidated statements of income for the year ended March 31, 2022 and 2023.
The Company allocated the acquisition consideration to DHC’s respective assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and recorded the identified assets and liabilities based on their fair values at the acquisition date by the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805 (“Business Combinations”).
The Company finalized the purchase price allocation during the nine months ended December 31, 2023. As a result, the following table provides fair value amounts allocated to assets acquired and liabilities assumed from DHC.
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Fair value amounts of assets, liabilities
  
Cash and Cash Equivalents
    ¥ 101,254  
Property under Facility Operations
      18,498  
Trade Notes, Accounts and Other Receivable
      11,117  
Inventories
      19,097  
Office Facilities
      17,763  
Other Assets and other
      203,230  
    
 
 
  
Total Assets
      370,959  
    
 
 
  
Short-Term Debt
      5,000  
Trade Notes, Accounts and Other Payable
      13,748  
Current and Deferred Income Taxes
      33,567  
Other Liabilities
      18,291  
    
 
 
  
Total Liabilities
      70,606  
    
 
 
  
Noncontrolling interests
      353  
    
 
 
  
Net
    ¥ 300,000  
    
 
 
  
Goodwill and other intangible assets that were identified in connection with the acquisition are included in other assets in the above table and the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023. The amounts of fair value of goodwill and identifiable intangible assets at the time of acquisition were ¥94,324 million and ¥104,910 million, respectively. Goodwill is measured as an excess of consideration transferred over the net assets acquired recognized at fair value. The Company calculated the amount of goodwill based on fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The goodwill represents the future growth of ORIX Group from new revenue streams arising from the consolidation of DHC and synergies with the existing Company’s assets and businesses. The goodwill is not deductible for income tax purposes. The goodwill and other intangible assets recorded in connection with this acquisition are included in PE Investment and Concession segment.
 
– 55 –
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Other intangible assets recognized in this acquisition consist of the following:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
     
Years
  
    
Acquired intangibles
recorded at fair value
     
Weighted-average

amortization period
  
Intangible assets that have indefinite useful lives:
                  
Trade names
    ¥ 77,721        —    
    
 
 
           
Subtotal
      77,721           
    
 
 
           
Intangibles subject to amortization:
                  
License
      15,976        15  
Customer relationships
      11,213        16  
    
 
 
           
Subtotal
      27,189           
    
 
 
           
Total
    ¥ 104,910           
    
 
 
           
The following unaudited supplemental pro forma financial information presents the combined results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries as though the acquisition had occurred as of April 1, 2021, the beginning of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022:
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Nine months ended

December 31, 2022
  
Total revenues
    ¥ 2,062,746  
Net Income
      226,939  
The unaudited supplemental pro forma financial information is based on estimates and assumptions, that the Company believes are reasonable and should not be taken as indicative of what the Company’s consolidated financial results would have been had the acquisition been completed on that date.
(2) Other Acquisitions
There were no other individually material acquisitions during the year ended March 31, 2023 or the nine months ended December 31, 2023. The Company and its subsidiaries recognized a bargain purchase gain of ¥1,018 million associated with two of its acquisitions for the nine months ended December 31, 2022. The purchase price allocation has been completed, and the bargain purchase gain has been not changed. The Company and its subsidiaries did not recognize any bargain purchase gain for the nine months ended December 31, 2023.
(3) Divestitures
Gains on sales of subsidiaries and affiliates and liquidation losses, net for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 amounted to ¥26,872 million and ¥11,578 million, respectively. Gains on sales of subsidiaries and affiliates and liquidation losses, net for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 mainly consisted of ¥183 million in Corporate Financial Services and Maintenance Leasing segment, ¥137 million in Real Estate segment, ¥2,367 million in PE Investment and Concession segment, ¥15,675 million in Environment and Energy segment, ¥4,113 million in ORIX USA segment and ¥4,415 million in Asia and Australia segment. Gains on sales of subsidiaries and affiliates and liquidation losses, net for the nine months ended December 31, 2023 mainly consisted of ¥4,837 million in PE Investment and Concession segment, ¥155 million in Environment and Energy segment, ¥205 million in Insurance segment, ¥3,872 million in ORIX USA segment and ¥2,502 million in ORIX Europe segment.
Gains on sales of subsidiaries and affiliates and liquidation losses, net for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 amounted to ¥18,283 million and ¥7,950 million, respectively. Gains on sales of subsidiaries and affiliates and liquidation losses, net for the three months ended December 31, 2022 mainly consisted of ¥183 million in Corporate Financial Services and Maintenance Leasing segment, ¥2,367 million in PE Investment and Concession segment and ¥15,675 million in Environment and Energy segment. Gains on sales of subsidiaries and affiliates and liquidation losses, net for the three months ended December 31, 2023 mainly consisted of ¥4,828 million in PE Investment and Concession segment, ¥205 million in Insurance segment and ¥2,943 million in ORIX USA segment.
 
– 56 –
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5.
Revenues from Contracts with Customers
The following table provides information about revenues from contracts with customers, and other sources of revenue for the nine and three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 are as follows:
 
    
Millions of yen
     
Millions of yen
  
    
Nine months ended

December 31, 2022
     
Nine months ended

December 31, 2023
  
Revenues from contracts with customers
    ¥ 1,000,124      ¥ 945,765  
Other revenues *
      994,720        1,092,095  
  
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total revenues
    ¥ 1,994,844      ¥ 2,037,860  
  
 
 
     
 
 
  
    
Millions of yen
     
Millions of yen
  
    
Three months ended

December 31, 2022
     
Three months ended

December 31, 2023
  
Revenues from contracts with customers
    ¥ 306,525      ¥ 327,035  
Other revenues *
      323,503        351,090  
  
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total revenues
    ¥ 630,028      ¥ 678,125  
  
 
 
     
 
 
  
 
*
Other revenues are not considered to be within the scope of revenue from contracts with customers, such as life insurance premiums and related investment income, operating leases, finance revenues that include interest income, and others.
The Company and its subsidiaries recognize revenues when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers, in the amounts that reflect the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Revenues are recognized net of discounts, incentives and estimated sales returns. Amount to be collected for third party is deducted from revenues. The Company and its subsidiaries evaluate whether we are principal or agent on distinctive goods or services. When a revenue transaction involves a third party, if the Company and its subsidiaries control the goods or services before they are transferred to customers, revenue is recognized on gross amount as the principal. There is no significant variability in considerations included in revenues, except for the performance fees regarding asset management business hereinafter, and there is no significant financing component in considerations on transactions.
For further information about breakdowns of revenues disaggregated by goods or services category and geographical location by segment, see Note 25 “Segment Information.”
 
– 57 –
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Revenue recognition criteria on each goods or services category are mainly as follows:
Sales of goods
The Company and its subsidiaries sell various goods such as cosmetics, health foods, medical equipment, business management software and other to customers. Revenues from sales of goods are recognized when there is a transfer of control of the product to customers. The Company and its subsidiaries determine transfer of control based on when the products are shipped or delivered to customers, or inspected by customers.
Real estate sales
Certain subsidiaries are involved in condominium business. Revenues from sales of detached houses and residential condominiums are recognized when the real estate is delivered to customers.
Asset management and servicing
Certain subsidiaries offer customers investment management services for their financial assets, asset management as well as maintenance and administrative services for their real estate properties. Furthermore, the Company and its subsidiaries perform servicing on behalf of customers. Revenues from asset management and servicing primarily include management fees, servicing fees, and performance fees. Management and servicing fees are recognized over the contract period with customers, since the customers simultaneously receive and consume all of the benefits provided by the subsidiaries as the subsidiaries perform. Management fees are calculated based on the predetermined percentages of the market value of the assets under management or net assets of the investment funds in accordance with contract terms. Servicing fees are calculated based on the predetermined percentages of the amount in assets under management in accordance with contract terms. Fees based on the performance of the assets under management are recognized when the performance obligations are satisfied, to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. The performance fee is estimated by using the most likely amount method, in accordance with contract terms. Servicing fees related to financial assets that the Company and its subsidiaries had originated and transferred to investors, are not in the scope of revenue from contracts with customers. These fees are accounted for servicing assets under which the benefits of servicing are expected to more than adequately compensate for performing the servicing, or servicing liabilities under which the benefits of servicing are not expected to adequately compensate for performing the servicing.
Automobile related services
Certain subsidiaries mainly provide automobile maintenance services to customers, as automobile related services. In the service, since customers simultaneously receive and consume all of the benefits provided by the subsidiaries as the subsidiaries perform, revenues are recognized over the contract period with customers. For measurement of progress, the cost incurred is used, because that reasonably describes transfer of control of services to customers. The subsidiaries receive payments from customers before satisfying performance obligations, and the amounts are reported in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets as contract liabilities.
Facilities operation
The Company and its subsidiaries are running hotels, Japanese inns, training facilities, a multipurpose dome and other facilities. Revenues from these operations are recognized over the customers’ usage period of the facilities, since customers simultaneously receive and consume all of the benefits provided by the Company and its subsidiaries as the Company and its subsidiaries perform. The value transferred to customers is directly measured based on the usage period. With respect to operation of a multipurpose dome, a certain subsidiary receives payments from customers before satisfying performance obligations, and the amounts are reported in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets as contract liabilities. Gains on sale of property under facility operations included in services income are not within the scope of revenue from contracts with customers because these gains refer to transfers of
non-financial
assets to counterparties that are not considered to be our customers.
Environment and energy services
The Company and its subsidiaries offer services that provide electric power to business operators’ factories, office buildings and other facilities. Revenues from electric power supply by purchasing electricity or running power plants are recognized over the contracted distribution period with customers, since customers simultaneously receive and consume all of the benefits provided by the Company and its subsidiaries as the Company and its subsidiaries perform. The value transferred to customers is directly measured based on electricity usage by customers. Furthermore, certain subsidiaries are running waste processing facilities. Revenues from resources and waste processing business are primarily recognized over the service contract period with customers, since customers simultaneously receive and consume all of the benefits provided by the subsidiaries as the subsidiaries perform. The value transferred to customers is directly measured based on the amount of resources and waste to be processed.
 
– 58 –
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Real estate management and brokerage
The Company and its subsidiaries mainly offer management of condominiums, office buildings, facilities and others, to customers, as real estate management and brokerage business. Since customers simultaneously receive and consume all of the benefits provided by the Company and its subsidiaries as the Company and its subsidiaries perform, revenues from these services are recognized over the contract period with customers. Direct measurement of the value transferred to customers based on time elapsed, is used as method of measuring progress. The Company and its subsidiaries receive payments from customers before satisfying performance obligations, and the amounts are reported in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets as contract liabilities.
Real estate contract work
Certain subsidiaries offer repair and contract work for condominiums, office buildings, facilities and others, to customers. The work is held on the real estate where customers own or rent, and the subsidiaries’ performance creates the asset that the customers’ control as the asset is created or enhanced. Additionally, the performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to the subsidiaries, and the subsidiaries have a substantial enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date so that revenues are recognized over the contract work period. For measurement of progress, the cost incurred is used, because that reasonably describes transfer of control of services to customers. The subsidiaries recognize a part of its performance obligations that it performs as contract assets, and the amounts are reported under other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. Furthermore, the subsidiaries receive payments from customers before satisfying performance obligations, and the amounts are reported in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets as contract liabilities.
Other
The Company and its subsidiaries have been developing a variety of businesses. Main revenue streams are as follows:
Maintenance services of software, measurement equipment and other:
Certain subsidiaries offer information system hardware, software maintenance services and support, and maintenance of measurement equipment to customers. Revenues from these services are recognized over the contract period with customers, since customers simultaneously receive and consume all of the benefits provided by the subsidiaries as the subsidiaries perform. For measurement of progress, the cost incurred is used, because that reasonably describes transfer of control of services to customers. The subsidiaries receive payments from customers before satisfying performance obligations, and the amounts are reported in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets as contract liabilities.
Fee business:
The Company and its subsidiaries are involved in insurance policy referrals and other agency business. Commission revenues from these businesses are primarily recognized when the contract between our customers and their client is signed.
 
– 59 –
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The following table provides information about balances from contracts with customers as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023.
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
March 31, 2023
     
December 31, 2023
  
Trade Notes, Accounts and Other Receivable
    ¥ 223,635      ¥ 200,461  
Contract assets (Included in Other Assets)
      13,403        20,207  
Contract liabilities (Included in Other Liabilities)
      34,338        32,166  
For the nine and three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, there were no significant changes in contract assets and contract liabilities.
For the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, revenues amounting to ¥23,910 million and ¥25,697 million were included in contract liabilities as of the beginning of each fiscal year, respectively.
For the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, revenues amounting to ¥2,591 million and ¥2,025 million were included in contract liabilities as of the beginning of each fiscal year, respectively.
As of December 31, 2023, transaction price allocated to the performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) is mainly related to automobile related services, real estate sales and amounted to ¥196,035 million. Remaining term for the obligations ranges up to 17 years. Furthermore, automobile related services primarily constitute the performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) will be recognized as revenue over the next 10 years. The Company and its subsidiaries applied practical expedients in the disclosure, and performance obligations for contracts that have an original expected duration of one year or less and contracts under which the value transferred to a customer is directly measured and recognized as revenue by the amount it has a right to invoice to the customer are not included. The transaction price allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations does not include the estimate of material variable consideration.
 
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6.
Leases
Lessor
Lease income for the nine and three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 are as follows:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Nine months ended

 December 31, 2022 
     
Nine months ended

 December 31, 2023 
  
Lease income—net investment in leases
                  
Interest income
    ¥ 60,219      ¥ 65,732  
Other
      1,868        2,395  
Lease income—operating leases
*
      368,760        391,436  
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total lease income
    ¥ 430,847      ¥ 459,563  
    
 
 
     
 
 
  

*
Gains from the disposition of real estate under operating leases included in operating lease revenues were ¥13,083 million and ¥12,745 million, and gains from the disposition of operating lease assets other than real estate included in operating lease revenues were ¥26,070 million and ¥24,748 million, for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Three months ended

 December 31, 2022 
     
Three months ended

 December 31, 2023 
  
Lease income—net investment in leases
                  
Interest income
    ¥ 20,283      ¥ 22,407  
Other
      721        746  
Lease income—operating leases
*
      119,616        131,487  
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total lease income
    ¥ 140,620      ¥ 154,640  
    
 
 
     
 
 
  

*
Gains from the disposition of real estate under operating leases included in operating lease revenues were ¥596 million and ¥2,679 million, and gains from the disposition of operating lease assets other than real estate included in operating lease revenues were ¥6,980 million and ¥7,022 million, for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively.
Lease income from net investment in leases is included in finance revenues in the consolidated statements of income. Gains and losses from the disposition of net investment in leases were not material for the nine and three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023.
 
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Table of Contents
7.
Credit Quality of Financial Assets and the Allowance for Credit Losses
The Company and its subsidiaries provide the following information disaggregated by portfolio segment and class of financial assets.
 
 
•
 
Allowance for credit losses
 
 
•
 
Credit quality of financial assets
Credit quality indicators
Past-due
financing receivables
Non-accrual
 
 
•
 
Information about modifications of financing receivables made to debtors experiencing financial difficulty
A portfolio segment is defined as the level at which an entity develops and documents a systematic methodology to determine its allowance for credit losses. The Company and its subsidiaries classify our portfolio segments by instruments of loans, net investment in leases and other financial assets measured at amortized cost. Classes of financial assets are determined based on the initial measurement attribute, risk characteristics of the financing receivables and the method for monitoring and assessing obligors’ credit risk and are defined as the level of detail necessary for a financial statement user to understand the risks inherent in the financial assets. Classes of financial assets generally are a disaggregation of a portfolio segment, and the Company and its subsidiaries disaggregate our portfolio segments into classes by regions, instruments or industries of our debtors.
 
– 62 –
Table of Contents
The following table provides information about the allowance for credit losses for installment loans, net investment in leases and other financial assets measured at amortized cost as of March 31, 2023, and for the nine and three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023:
 
                                                                         
    
Nine months ended December 31, 2022
  
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Beginning

balance
     
Provision

(Reversal) *3
    
Allowance

of

purchased

loans

during the

reporting

period
     
Charge-offs *4
    
Recoveries
     
Other *5
    
Ending

balance *3
     
Collective

(pool)

assessment
     
Individual

assessment
  
Allowance for credit losses:
                                                                              
Installment loans to consumer borrowers:
                                                                              
Real estate loans
                                                                              
Japan
    ¥ 5,716      ¥ 80     ¥ 0      ¥ (212 )    ¥ 20      ¥ 1     ¥ 5,605      ¥ 5,155      ¥ 450  
Overseas
      455        (24 )      0        0       1        19       451        451        0  
Card loans
                                                                              
Japan
      10,019        529       0        (404 )      6        0       10,150        9,508        642  
Other
                                                                              
Japan
      5,204        3,361       0        (1,464 )      6        0       7,107        4,810        2,297  
Overseas
      1,105        616       0        (297 )      0        (38 )      1,386        1,174        212  
Installment loans to corporate borrowers:
                                                                              
Non-recourse
loans
                                                                              
Japan
      81        62       0        0       0        0       143        143        0  
The Americas
      2,691        (1,184 )      0        0       0        (17 )      1,490        562        928  
Other than non-recourse loans
                                                                             
Real estate companies
                                                                              
Japan
      617        (18 )      0        0       21        0       620        502        118  
Overseas
      735        162       0        (20 )      0        49       926        926        0  
Commercial, industrial
and other companies

                                                                              
Japan
      1,337        102       0        (320 )      69        0       1,188        388        800  
Overseas
      18,296        4,587       0        (2,202 )      312        1,457       22,450        14,827        7,623  
Purchased loans *1
      1,575        (266 )      4,389        (4,606 )      56        8       1,156        553        603  
Net investment in leases:
      16,303        846       0        (2,040 )      27        171       15,307        11,587        3,720  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Subtotal
      64,134        8,853       4,389        (11,565 )      518        1,650       67,979        50,586        17,393  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Other financial assets measured at amortized cost *2
      7,282        46       0        (6,370 )      19        137       1,114        554        560  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total
    ¥ 71,416      ¥ 8,899     ¥ 4,389      ¥ (17,935 )    ¥ 537      ¥    1,787      ¥ 69,093      ¥ 51,140      ¥ 17,953  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
 
– 63 –
Table of Contents
                                                                         
    
Three months ended December 31, 2022
  
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Beginning

balance
     
Provision

(Reversal) *3
    
Allowance

of

purchased

loans

during the

reporting

period
     
Charge-offs *4
    
Recoveries
     
Other *5
    
Ending

balance *3
     
Collective

(pool)

assessment
     
Individual
assessment
  
Allowance for credit losses :
                                                                              
Installment loans to consumer borrowers:
                                                                              
Real estate loans
                                                                              
Japan
    ¥ 5,648      ¥ 80     ¥ 0      ¥ (130 )    ¥ 7      ¥ 0     ¥ 5,605      ¥ 5,155      ¥ 450  
Overseas
      456        (22 )      0        0       1        16       451        451        0  
Card loans
                                                                              
Japan
      9,986        301       0        (139 )      2        0       10,150        9,508        642  
Other
                                                                              
Japan
      6,495        1,209       0        (599 )      2        0       7,107        4,810        2,297  
Overseas
      1,322        330       0        (91 )      0        (175 )      1,386        1,174        212  
Installment loans to corporate borrowers:
                                                                              
Non-recourse
loans
                                                                              
Japan
      82        61       0        0       0        0       143        143        0  
The Americas
      1,869        (240 )      0        0       0        (139 )      1,490        562        928  
Other than non-recourse loans
                                                                              
Real estate companies
                                                                              
Japan
      610        3       0        0       8        (1 )      620        502        118  
Overseas
      680        260       0        (6 )      0        (8 )      926        926        0  
Commercial, industrial
and other companies

                                                                              
Japan
      1,323        (154 )      0        (43 )      62        0       1,188        388        800  
Overseas
      20,039        4,473       0        (377 )      2        (1,687 )      22,450        14,827        7,623  
Purchased loans *1
      1,187        (24 )      2,294        (2,297 )      0        (4 )      1,156        553        603  
Net investment in leases:
      16,240        264       0        (610 )      2        (589 )      15,307        11,587        3,720  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Subtotal
      65,937        6,541       2,294        (4,292 )      86        (2,587 )      67,979        50,586        17,393  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Other financial assets measured at amortized cost *2
      3,221        (111 )      0        (1,803 )      4        (197 )      1,114        554        560  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total
    ¥ 69,158      ¥ 6,430     ¥ 2,294      ¥ (6,095)     ¥   90      ¥   (2,784 )    ¥ 69,093      ¥ 51,140      ¥ 17,953  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
 
– 64 –
Table of Contents
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
March 31, 2023
  
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Ending

balance *3
     
Collective

(pool)

assessment
     
Individual

assessment
  
Allowance for credit losses:
                           
Installment loans to consumer borrowers:
                           
Real estate loans
                           
Japan
    ¥ 4,092      ¥ 3,644      ¥ 448  
Overseas
      446        446        0  
Card loans
                           
Japan
      9,022        8,329        693  
Other
                           
Japan
      7,759        5,337        2,422  
Overseas
      1,889        1,467        422  
Installment loans to corporate borrowers:
                           
Non-recourse
loans
                           
Japan
      253        253        0  
The Americas
      1,494        560        934  
Other than non-recourse loans
                           
Real estate companies
                           
Japan
      777        663        114  
Overseas
      1,007        1,007        0  
Commercial, industrial and other companies
                           
Japan
      1,152        477        675  
Overseas
      19,132        16,455        2,677  
Purchased loans *1
      1,148        541        607  
Net investment in leases:
      15,719        12,032        3,687  
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Subtotal
      63,890        51,211        12,679  
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Other financial assets measured at amortized cost *2
      1,482        548        934  
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total
    ¥ 65,372      ¥ 51,759      ¥ 13,613  
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
 
– 65 –
Table of Contents
 
  
Nine months ended December 31, 2023
 
 
  
Millions of yen
 
 
  
Beginning
balance
 
  
Provision

(Reversal) *3
 
 
Allowance

of

purchased

loans

during the
reporting

period
 
  
Charge-offs *4
 
 
Recoveries
 
  
Other *5
 
 
Ending

balance *3
 
  
Collective

(pool)

assessment
 
  
Individual

assessment
 
Allowance for credit losses:
                                                                              
Installment loans to consumer borrowers:
                                                                              
Real estate loans
                                                                              
Japan
    ¥ 4,092      ¥ (133 )    ¥ 0        ¥ (183 )    ¥ 89      ¥ 1     ¥ 3,866      ¥ 3,543      ¥ 323  
Overseas
      446        17       0        (6 )      1        31       489        466        23  
Card loans
                                                                              
Japan
      9,022        1,054       0        (700 )      8        2       9,386        8,625        761  
Other
                                                                              
Japan
      7,759        4,516       0        (2,731 )      5        0       9,549        7,091        2,458  
Overseas
      1,889        2,248       0        (1,895 )      343        42       2,627        1,684        943  
Installment loans to corporate borrowers:
                                                                              
Non-recourse
loans
                                                                              
Japan
      253        44       0        0       0        1       298        298        0  
The Americas
      1,494        305       0        (52 )      0        92       1,839        848        991  
Other than non-recourse loans
                                                                              
Real estate companies
                                                                              
Japan
      777        33       0        (4 )      21        1       828        731        97  
Overseas
      1,007        337       0        0       0        75       1,419        1,419        0  
Commercial, industrial and other companies
                                                                              
Japan
      1,152        (81 )      0        (46 )      7        (1 )      1,031        672        359  
Overseas
      19,132        1,647       0        (4,051 )      152        1,053       17,933        15,597        2,336  
Purchased loans *1
      1,148        (52 )      7,862        (7,894 )      2        8       1,074        498        576  
Net investment in leases:
      15,719        2,532       0        (1,832 )      19        290       16,728        12,198        4,530  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Subtotal
      63,890        12,467       7,862        (19,394 )      647        1,595       67,067        53,670        13,397  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Other financial assets measured at amortized cost *2
      1,482        334       0        (251 )      5        169       1,739        678        1,061  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total
    ¥ 65,372      ¥ 12,801     ¥ 7,862      ¥   (19,645 )    ¥ 652      ¥ 1,764     ¥ 68,806      ¥ 54,348      ¥ 14,458  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
 
– 66 –
Table of Contents
 
  
Three months ended December 31, 2023
 
 
  
Millions of yen
 
 
  
Beginning

balance
 
  
Provision

(Reversal) *3
 
 
Allowance

of

purchased

loans

during the

reporting

period
 
  
Charge-offs *4
 
 
Recoveries
 
  
Other *5
 
 
Ending

balance *3
 
  
Collective

(pool)

assessment
 
  
Individual

assessment
 
Allowance for credit losses :
                                                                             
Installment loans to consumer borrowers:
                                                                             
Real estate loans
                                                                             
Japan
    ¥ 3,983      ¥ (83 )    ¥ 0      ¥ (39 )    ¥ 5     ¥ 0     ¥ 3,866      ¥ 3,543      ¥ 323  
Overseas
      606        (101 )      0        (6 )      0       (10 )      489        466        23  
Card loans
                                                                             
Japan
      9,333        301       0        (250 )      0       2       9,386        8,625        761  
Other
                                                                             
Japan
      8,927        1,546       0        (925 )      2       (1 )      9,549        7,091        2,458  
Overseas
      2,536        878       0        (771 )      180       (196 )      2,627        1,684        943  
Installment loans to corporate borrowers:
                                                                             
Non-recourse
loans
                                                                             
Japan
      226        71       0        0       0       1       298        298        0  
The Americas
      1,883        108       0        (52 )      0       (100 )      1,839        848        991  
Other than non-recourse loans
                                                                             
Real estate companies
                                                                             
Japan
      809        10       0        0       8       1       828        731        97  
Overseas
      1,021        405       0        0       0       (7 )      1,419        1,419        0  
Commercial, industrial and other companies
                                                                             
Japan
      1,104        (52 )      0        (23 )      3       (1 )      1,031        672        359  
Overseas
      19,643        1,213       0        (1,920 )      51       (1,054 )      17,933        15,597        2,336  
Purchased loans *1
      1,198        (121 )      282        (282 )      1       (4 )      1,074        498        576  
Net investment in leases:
      16,809        815       0        (598 )      2       (300 )      16,728        12,198        4,530  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Subtotal
      68,078        4,990       282        (4,866 )      252       (1,669 )      67,067        53,670        13,397  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Other financial assets measured at amortized cost *2
      1,790        80       0        (73 )      0       (58 )     1,739        678        1,061  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total
    ¥ 69,868      ¥ 5,070     ¥ 282      ¥ (4,939 )    ¥ 252     ¥ (1,727 )   ¥ 68,806      ¥ 54,348      ¥ 14,458  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  

Notes:
  
1
  
Loans held for sale and policy loan receivables of an insurance entity are not in the scope of allowance for credit losses.
  
2
  
Held-to-maturity
debt securities held by the Company and subsidiaries consist of Japanese government bonds (JGBs) and other securities secured by JGBs. There was no allowance for credit losses on these
held-to-maturity
debt securities. And there is no delinquency or on
non-accrual
status on
held-to-maturity
debt securities.
 
– 67 –
Table of Contents
*1
Purchased loans represent loans with evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination and for which it is probable at acquisition that collection of all contractually required payments from the debtors is unlikely.
*2
The allowance for other financial assets measured at amortized cost includes the allowance for credit losses on financing receivables, such as loans to affiliates and accounts receivable. Other financial assets measured at amortized cost are mainly “Trade notes, accounts and other receivables”, and loans to affiliates included in “Investment in affiliates” on the consolidated balance sheets.
*3
“Provision for credit losses” in the consolidated statements of income amounted to provisions of ¥7,707 million and ¥14,212 million during the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, provisions of ¥6,033 million and ¥5,688 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. “Allowance for credit losses” on the consolidated balance sheets amounted to ¥64,723 million and ¥68,031 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The reconciliation between the above table and the amounts reported on the consolidated financial statements during the nine and three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, and as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023 are as follows:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Nine months

ended

December 31,

2022
    
Three months

ended

December 31,

2022
    
March 31,

2023
    
Nine months

ended

December 31,

2023
    
Three months

ended

December 31,
2023
     
December 31,

2023
  
    
Provision for

credit losses
    
Provision for

credit losses
    
Allowance for

credit losses
    
Provision for

credit losses
    
Provision for

credit losses
     
Allowance for

credit losses
  
Net investment in leases
    ¥ 846     ¥ 264     ¥ 15,719     ¥ 2,532     ¥ 815      ¥ 16,728  
Installment loans
      8,007       6,277       48,171       9,935       4,175        50,339  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
Subtotal in the above table
      8,853       6,541       63,890       12,467       4,990        67,067  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
Other financial assets measured at amortized cost
      46       (111 )      1,482       334       80        1,739  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total in the above table
      8,899       6,430       65,372       12,801       5,070        68,806  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
Off-balance
sheet credit exposures *3(a)
      (1,199 )      (331 )      —         1,052       461        —    
Available-for-sale
debt securities *3(b)
      (5 )      0       —         445       153        —    
Less: Loans to affiliates *3(c)
      12       (66 )      (649 )      (86 )      4        (775 ) 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
Amount reported on the consolidated financial statements
    ¥ 7,707     ¥ 6,033     ¥ 64,723     ¥ 14,212     ¥ 5,688      ¥ 68,031  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
 
  *3(a)
The allowance for
off-balance
sheet credit exposure were ¥17,843 million and ¥18,997 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and the amounts are recorded in “Other liabilities” on the consolidated balance sheets. For further information, see Note 24 “Commitments, Guarantees and Contingent Liabilities.”
  *3(b)
The allowance for
available-for-sale
debt securities were ¥144 million and ¥594 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and the amounts are recorded as a reduction in “Investments in securities” on the consolidated balance sheets. For further information, see Note 8 “Investment in Securities.”
  *3(c)
The provision for credit losses on loans to affiliates were a reversal of ¥12 million and a provision of ¥86 million during the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, a provision of ¥66 million and a reversal of ¥4 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively, and the amounts are recorded in “Equity in net income (loss) of affiliates” in the consolidated statements of income. The allowance for credit losses on loans to affiliates were ¥649 million and ¥775 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and the amounts are recorded as a reduction in “Investments in affiliates” on the consolidated balance sheets.
*4
Included in
Charge-off
in write-offs of purchased loans were ¥4,389 million and ¥7,862 million during the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, ¥2,294 million and ¥282 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively.
*5
Other mainly includes foreign currency translation adjustments and increases or decreases in allowance due to consolidation or deconsolidation of subsidiaries.
 
– 68 –
Table of Contents
The following table provides information about purchased loans which were acquired for the nine and three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023:
 
    
Nine months ended

December 31, 2022
     
Nine months ended

December 31, 2023
  
Purchase price
    ¥ 1,954      ¥ 2,029  
Allowance for credit losses at acquisition date
      4,389        7,862  
Discount or premium attributable to other factors
      228        334  
  
 
 
     
 
 
  
Par value
    ¥ 6,571      ¥ 10,225  
  
 
 
     
 
 
  
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Three months ended

December 31, 2022
     
Three months ended

December 31, 2023
  
Purchase price
    ¥ 14      ¥ 748  
Allowance for credit losses at acquisition date
      2,294        282  
Discount or premium attributable to other factors
      2        209  
  
 
 
     
 
 
  
Par value
    ¥ 2,310      ¥ 1,239  
  
 
 
     
 
 
  
The Company and its subsidiaries estimate an allowance for credit losses for all credit losses expected to occur in future over the remaining life of financial assets, and recognize the allowance adequately based on management judgement. In developing the allowance for credit losses, the Company and its subsidiaries consider, among other things, the following factors in collective assessment and individual assessment by each portfolio:
 
  •  
business characteristics and financial conditions of obligors;
 
  •  
prior
charge-off
experience;
 
  •  
current delinquencies and delinquency trends;
 
  •  
value of underlying collateral and guarantees; and
 
  •  
current economic and business conditions and expected outlook in future.
The Company and its subsidiaries manage credit risk using various indicators specific to the region, industry, and types of assets, in accordance with the group risk management policy. For credit transactions, the basic group policy is to obtain sufficient collateral and guarantees, and to diversify industries and borrowers, and the Company and its subsidiaries comprehensively evaluate and monitor the financial condition and cash flows of borrowers, underlying collateral and guarantees, and profitability. The Company and its subsidiaries also manage exposure to potentially high-risk markets by establishing appropriate credit limits through portfolio analysis.
Due to the diversity of assets and risk indicators held by the Company and its subsidiaries, the Company and its subsidiaries monitor the credit quality indicators as performing and
non-performing
assets as indicators that are common across all classes. The category of
non-performing
assets includes financing receivables for debtors who have filed for insolvency proceedings, whose bank transactions are suspended, whose bills are dishonored, whose businesses have deteriorated, whose repayment is
past-due
90 days or more, financing receivables modified to debtors experiencing financial difficulty, and performing assets include all other financing receivables. Regarding purchased loans, they are classified as
non-performing
assets when it is probable that the acquisition cost of purchased loans cannot be collected, while all the other purchased loans are included in the category of performing assets.
When certain performing financial assets mainly have similar risk characteristics to other financial assets, the performing financial assets are collectively evaluated as a pool. On the contrary, when financial assets do not have similar risk characteristics to other financial assets, the financial assets are evaluated individually.
Loans to consumer borrowers
Loans to consumer borrowers mainly consist of real estate loans and card loans.
The credit quality of real estate loans is affected by the cash flows derived from the property and its collateral value.
 
– 69 –
Table of Contents
The credit quality of card loans is affected by the repayment ability of customers such as customer credit standing or payment history.
The Company and its subsidiaries use these factors to estimate the allowance for credit losses because they are reflected in the probability of default and loss given default in each portfolio.
Loans to corporate borrowers
Loans to corporate borrowers are classified into
non-recourse
loans and loans other than
non-recourse
loans.
The credit quality of
non-recourse
loans for which cash flows from real estate are the source of repayment depends mainly on the real estate collateral value.
Loans other than
non-recourse
loans are classified into either real estate companies or commercial, industrial and other companies, each of which are further divided into Japan and overseas.
The credit quality of real estate companies is affected by mainly Japanese and Americas real estate markets and trends.
The credit quality of commercial, industrial and other companies, which consist of various industries, is affected mainly by broader financial and economic conditions and trends in Japan, the Americas and Asian countries.
The allowance for credit losses for loans to corporate borrowers is estimated by considering, among others, debtors’ situation, as well as economic conditions and trends in its industries, the value of underlying collateral and guarantees, and probability of default and loss given default.
Net investment in leases
Net investment in leases consists of leases of various equipment types, including office equipment, industrial machinery, transportation equipment and real estate properties. The allowance for credit losses for net investment in leases is estimated based on the value of the underlying leased assets, debtors’ situation, economic conditions and trends in its industries, and probability of default and loss given default.
In common with portfolio segments, the forecasted future economic indicators correlated with the prior
charge-off
experience are reflected to the estimate of the allowance for credit losses. Economic indicators correlated with prior
charge-off
experience are determined over the reasonable and supportable forecasted period. Economic indicators include GDP growth rates, consumer price indices, unemployment rates, and government bond interest rates. It also considers forward-looking scenarios of how the selected economic indicators will change in the future. The Company and its subsidiaries use the latest economic forecasts available from the economic reports published by governments and central banks, as well as from third-party information providers as economic indicators.
On the other hand, for periods beyond which the Company and its subsidiaries are able to make or obtain reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic indicators of the entire life of the financial asset, expected credit losses are estimated for the remaining life mainly using an appropriate reversion approach, mainly immediate reversion to historical credit loss information.
There have been no significant changes during the nine months ended December 31, 2023 to methodologies and economic indicators used to estimate the allowance for Credit Losses.
When
non-performing
financial assets with deteriorated credit quality have similar risk characteristics to other financial assets, the allowance for credit losses is collectively evaluated based on mainly loss given default. On the other hand, if the
non-performing
financial assets do not have similar risk characteristics to other financial assets, the allowance for credit losses is individually evaluated.
In the individual assessment the allowance for credit losses is estimated individually based on the present value of expected future cash flows, the observable market price or the fair value of the collateral securing the financing receivables if the financing receivables are collateral-dependent.
 
– 70 –
Table of Contents
The collateral-dependent financing receivables are defined as the finance receivables, which a debtor would be in financial difficulty and the collection significantly depend on the collateral. These financing receivables are mainly
non-recourse
loans and purchased loans for which cash flows from underlying real estate is the source of repayment.
For
non-recourse
loans, their collection depends on the real estate collateral value, which may decline as a result of a decrease in liquidity of the real estate market, a rise in vacancy rate of rental properties, a fall in rents and other factors.
For purchased loans, their collection may decrease due to a decline in the real estate collateral value and debtors’ creditworthiness. Thus, the changes in these risks affect the amount of the allowance for credit losses.
In common with all portfolio segments, the Company and its subsidiaries charge off doubtful receivables when the likelihood of any future collection is believed to be minimal, mainly based upon an evaluation of the relevant debtors’ creditworthiness and the liquidation status of collateral.
 
– 71 –
Table of Contents
The following table provides information about the origination years of financial assets as of March 31, 2023. Card loans to consumer borrowers with a revolving repayment feature that cannot be classified into the origination year are excluded from the table.
 
March 31, 2023
  
Millions of yen
  
Portfolio segment
   
Origination year (years ended March 31)
     
Total
  
Class
       
Credit Quality
   
2023
     
2022
     
2021
     
2020
     
2019
     
Prior
  
Consumer borrowers:
                     
Performing
    ¥ 300,198      ¥ 200,041      ¥ 281,872      ¥ 360,726      ¥ 293,297      ¥ 656,584      ¥ 2,092,718  
Non-Performing
      10,896        5,259        3,140        2,257        1,078        12,324      ¥ 34,954  
  
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Real estate loans
                     
Performing
      266,663        190,076        279,690        359,321        292,388        655,811      ¥ 2,043,949  
Non-Performing
      17        81        378        474        239        11,821      ¥ 13,010  
Other*
                     
Performing
      33,535        9,965        2,182        1,405        909        773      ¥ 48,769  
Non-Performing
      10,879        5,178        2,762        1,783        839        503      ¥ 21,944  
Corporate borrowers:
                     
Performing
      427,902        346,629        127,984        171,314        103,628        139,503      ¥ 1,316,960  
Non-Performing
      257        793        5,485        4,959        4,624        24,008      ¥ 40,126  
  
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Non-recourse
loans
                     
Japan
                     
Performing
      65,874        17,831        6,699        22,384        4,158        7,553      ¥ 124,499  
The Americas
                     
Performing
      2,901        706        5,217        15,153        10,595        834      ¥ 35,406  
Non-Performing
      0        0        0        0        0        3,248      ¥ 3,248  
Other than
non-recourse
loans
                     
Real estate companies in Japan
                     
Performing
      124,452        43,210        30,996        27,022        22,251        46,222      ¥ 294,153  
Non-Performing
      0        230        0        913        9        923      ¥ 2,075  
Real estate companies in overseas
                     
Performing
      34,508        12,639        9,091        6,998        1,627        1,165      ¥ 66,028  
Non-Performing
      0        0        741        0        813        12,063      ¥ 13,617  
Commercial, industrial and other companies in Japan
                     
Performing
      76,764        27,327        16,743        17,003        8,383        12,878      ¥ 159,098  
Non-Performing
      125        80        431        264        133        399      ¥ 1,432  
Commercial, industrial and other companies in overseas
                     
Performing
      123,403        244,916        59,238        82,754        56,614        70,851      ¥ 637,776  
Non-Performing
      132        483        4,313        3,782        3,669        7,375      ¥ 19,754  
Purchased loans:
                     
Performing
      26        396        0        21        406        10,385      ¥ 11,234  
Non-Performing
      0        0        0        0        0        1,021      ¥ 1,021  
  
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Net investment in leases:
                     
Performing
      440,421        257,871        139,306        103,726        53,604        75,794      ¥ 1,070,722  
Non-Performing
      2,757        3,228        1,806        2,042        1,720        5,288      ¥ 16,841  
  
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Japan
                     
Performing
      193,297        136,285        99,739        80,542        44,853        72,295      ¥ 627,011  
Non-Performing
      212        660        658        798        811        1,970      ¥ 5,109  
Overseas
                     
Performing
      247,124        121,586        39,567        23,184        8,751        3,499      ¥ 443,711  
Non-Performing
      2,545        2,568        1,148        1,244        909        3,318      ¥ 11,732  
Other financial assets measured at amortized cost
                     
Performing
      3,197        0        2,089        282        0        21,301      ¥ 26,869  
Non-Performing
      0        298        0        0        368        0      ¥ 666  
  
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total (excluding revolving repayment card loans)
                     
Performing
    ¥ 1,171,744      ¥ 804,937      ¥ 551,251      ¥ 636,069      ¥ 450,935      ¥ 903,567      ¥ 4,518,503  
Non-Performing
    ¥ 13,910      ¥ 9,578      ¥ 10,431      ¥ 9,258      ¥ 7,790      ¥ 42,641      ¥ 93,608  
 
– 72 –
Table of Contents
The following table provides information about the origination years of financial assets as of December 31, 2023 and the gross write-offs, corresponding to each class of financial assets by origination year, recorded during the nine months ended December 31, 2023. Card loans to consumer borrowers with a revolving repayment feature that cannot be classified into the origination year are excluded from the table.
 
                                                                                                                                                                  
December 31, 2023
  
Millions of yen
  
Portfolio segment
   
Origination year (years ended March 31)
     
Total
  
Class
                                          
Credit Quality
   
2024
     
2023
     
2022
     
2021
     
2020
     
Prior
  
Consumer borrowers:
                                                               
Performing
   
¥
251,162
 
   
¥
217,488
 
   
¥
177,612
 
   
¥
262,560
 
   
¥
342,311
 
   
¥
828,773
 
   
¥
2,079,906
 
Non-Performing
   
 
9,654
 
   
 
8,279
 
   
 
4,743
 
   
 
2,419
 
   
 
1,562
 
   
 
12,671
 
   
¥
39,328
 
Gross write-offs
   
 
592
 
   
 
2,739
 
   
 
910
 
   
 
212
 
   
 
140
 
   
 
222
 
   
¥
4,815
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Real estate loans
                                                               
Performing
   
 
228,217
 
   
 
196,105
 
   
 
172,821
 
   
 
261,687
 
   
 
341,756
 
   
 
828,015
 
   
¥
2,028,601
 
Non-Performing
   
 
25
 
   
 
158
 
   
 
303
 
   
 
567
 
   
 
446
 
   
 
11,940
 
   
¥
13,439
 
Gross write-offs
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
1
 
   
 
4
 
   
 
184
 
   
¥
189
 
Other*
                                                               
Performing
   
 
22,945
 
   
 
21,383
 
   
 
4,791
 
   
 
873
 
   
 
555
 
   
 
758
 
   
¥
51,305
 
Non-Performing
   
 
9,629
 
   
 
8,121
 
   
 
4,440
 
   
 
1,852
 
   
 
1,116
 
   
 
731
 
   
¥
25,889
 
Gross write-offs
   
 
592
 
   
 
2,739
 
   
 
910
 
   
 
211
 
   
 
136
 
   
 
38
 
   
¥
4,626
 
Corporate borrowers:
                                                               
Performing
   
 
422,376
 
   
 
260,561
 
   
 
276,336
 
   
 
99,200
 
   
 
143,790
 
   
 
188,952
 
   
¥
1,391,215
 
Non-Performing
   
 
681
 
   
 
544
 
   
 
26,303
 
   
 
5,040
 
   
 
7,495
 
   
 
16,792
 
   
¥
56,855
 
Gross write-offs
   
 
95
 
   
 
10
 
   
 
862
 
   
 
124
 
   
 
1,264
 
   
 
1,798
 
   
¥
4,153
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Non-recourse
loans
                                                               
Japan
                                                               
Performing
   
 
67,881
 
   
 
24,186
 
   
 
10,619
 
   
 
6,711
 
   
 
15,640
 
   
 
7,173
 
   
¥
132,210
 
Gross write-offs
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
   
¥
0
 
The Americas
                                                               
Performing
   
 
2,066
 
   
 
6,971
 
   
 
2,136
 
   
 
141
 
   
 
19,253
 
   
 
6,796
 
   
¥
37,363
 
Non-Performing
   
 
0
 
   
 
64
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
2,918
 
   
¥
2,982
 
Gross write-offs
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
52
 
   
¥
52
 
Other than
non-recourse
loans
                                                               
Real estate companies in Japan
                                                               
Performing
   
 
95,202
 
   
 
75,108
 
   
 
32,479
 
   
 
23,872
 
   
 
24,283
 
   
 
60,408
 
   
¥
311,352
 
Non-Performing
   
 
0
 
   
 
46
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
10
 
   
 
693
 
   
 
843
 
   
¥
1,592
 
Gross write-offs
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
4
 
   
 
0
 
   
¥
4
 
Real estate companies in overseas
                                                               
Performing
   
 
4,310
 
   
 
17,428
 
   
 
9,937
 
   
 
3,308
 
   
 
3,082
 
   
 
4,122
 
   
¥
42,187
 
Non-Performing
   
 
0
 
   
 
18
 
   
 
3,161
 
   
 
483
 
   
 
3,114
 
   
 
4,109
 
   
¥
10,885
 
Gross write-offs
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
   
¥
0
 
Commercial, industrial and other companies in Japan
                                                               
Performing
   
 
155,244
 
   
 
38,748
 
   
 
20,642
 
   
 
13,290
 
   
 
12,081
 
   
 
15,705
 
   
¥
255,710
 
Non-Performing
   
 
57
 
   
 
188
 
   
 
75
 
   
 
99
 
   
 
67
 
   
 
403
 
   
¥
889
 
Gross write-offs
   
 
0
 
   
 
1
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
23
 
   
 
22
 
   
 
0
 
   
¥
46
 
Commercial, industrial and other companies in overseas
                                                               
Performing
   
 
97,673
 
   
 
98,120
 
   
 
200,523
 
   
 
51,878
 
   
 
69,451
 
   
 
94,748
 
   
¥
612,393
 
Non-Performing
   
 
624
 
   
 
228
 
   
 
23,067
 
   
 
4,448
 
   
 
3,621
 
   
 
8,519
 
   
¥
40,507
 
Gross write-offs
   
 
95
 
   
 
9
 
   
 
862
 
   
 
101
 
   
 
1,238
 
   
 
1,746
 
   
¥
4,051
 
Purchased loans:
                                                               
Performing
   
 
16
 
   
 
17
 
   
 
593
 
   
 
199
 
   
 
75
 
   
 
9,198
 
   
¥
10,098
 
Non-Performing
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
868
 
   
¥
868
 
Gross write-offs
   
 
42
 
   
 
409
 
   
 
226
 
   
 
29
 
   
 
206
 
   
 
6,982
 
   
¥
7,894
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Net investment in leases:
                                                               
Performing
   
 
389,918
 
   
 
327,370
 
   
 
180,856
 
   
 
93,346
 
   
 
66,638
 
   
 
81,477
 
   
¥
1,139,605
 
Non-Performing
   
 
2,447
 
   
 
3,921
 
   
 
2,765
 
   
 
1,340
 
   
 
1,540
 
   
 
5,992
 
   
¥
18,005
 
Gross write-offs
   
 
0
 
   
 
58
 
   
 
569
 
   
 
355
 
   
 
226
 
   
 
624
 
   
¥
1,832
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Japan
                                                               
Performing
   
 
158,406
 
   
 
152,581
 
   
 
109,894
 
   
 
75,768
 
   
 
54,426
 
   
 
76,777
 
   
¥
627,852
 
Non-Performing
   
 
55
 
   
 
460
 
   
 
911
 
   
 
729
 
   
 
692
 
   
 
2,030
 
   
¥
4,877
 
Gross write-offs
   
 
0
 
   
 
15
 
   
 
67
 
   
 
75
 
   
 
124
 
   
 
443
 
   
¥
724
 
Overseas
                                                               
Performing
   
 
231,512
 
   
 
174,789
 
   
 
70,962
 
   
 
17,578
 
   
 
12,212
 
   
 
4,700
 
   
¥
511,753
 
Non-Performing
   
 
2,392
 
   
 
3,461
 
   
 
1,854
 
   
 
611
 
   
 
848
 
   
 
3,962
 
   
¥
13,128
 
Gross write-offs
   
 
0
 
   
 
43
 
   
 
502
 
   
 
280
 
   
 
102
 
   
 
181
 
   
¥
1,108
 
Other financial assets measured at amortized cost
                                                               
Performing
   
 
4,827
 
   
 
3,108
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
1,862
 
   
 
288
 
   
 
19,146
 
   
¥
29,231
 
Non-Performing
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
308
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
1,307
 
   
¥
1,615
 
Gross write-offs
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
   
¥
0
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total (excluding revolving repayment card loans)
                                                               
Performing
   
¥
1,068,299
 
   
¥
808,544
 
   
¥
635,397
 
   
¥
457,167
 
   
¥
553,102
 
   
¥
1,127,546
 
   
¥
4,650,055
 
Non-Performing
   
 
12,782
 
   
 
12,744
 
   
 
34,119
 
   
 
8,799
 
   
 
10,597
 
   
 
37,630
 
   
¥
116,671
 
Gross write-offs
   
 
729
 
   
 
3,216
 
   
 
2,567
 
   
 
720
 
   
 
1,836
 
   
 
9,626
 
   
¥
18,694
 

Note: Loans held for sale, policy loan receivables of an insurance entity and financing receivables, such as accounts receivable are not included in the table above.
 
*
Other in loans to consumer borrowers includes claims receivable arising from payments on guarantee of consumer loans. For further information, see Note 24 “Commitments, Guarantees and Contingent Liabilities.”
 
– 73 –
Table of Contents
The information about card loans to consumer borrowers with a revolving repayment feature that cannot be classified into the origination year as of March 31, 2023 is as follows:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
March 31, 2023
  
    
Millions of yen
  
Portfolio segment
   
Revolving repayment

card loans
     
Modification of

collection condition

by relief of contract

condition
     
Total—revolving

repayment card

loans
     
Total—

origination year

(excluding revolving

repayment card
loans)
     
Total—

financial assets
measured at amortized
cost
  
Credit quality
                                             
Consumer borrowers:
                                             
Performing
    ¥ 166,392      ¥ 0      ¥ 166,392      ¥ 4,518,503      ¥ 4,684,895  
                                        
 
 
  
Non-Performing
      1,588        3,655        5,243        93,608      ¥ 98,851  
                                        
 
 
  
 
The information about card loans to consumer borrowers with a revolving repayment feature that cannot be classified into the origination year as of December 31, 2023 and the gross write-offs, corresponding to card loans, recorded during the nine months ended December 31, 2023 is as follows:
 
 
    
December 31, 2023
  
    
Millions of yen
  
Portfolio segment
   
Revolving repayment
card loans
     
Modification of
collection condition
by relief of contract
condition
     
Total—revolving
repayment card
loans
     
Total—

origination year

(excluding revolving

repayment card
loans)
     
Total—

financial assets
measured at amortized
cost
  
Credit quality
                                             
Consumer borrowers:
                                             
Performing
    ¥ 165,053      ¥ 0      ¥ 165,053      ¥ 4,650,055      ¥ 4,815,108  
                                        
 
 
  
Non-Performing
      2,263        4,155        6,418        116,671      ¥ 123,089  
                                        
 
 
  
Gross write-offs
      585        115        700        18,694      ¥ 19,394  
                                        
 
 
  
Of
non-performing
assets, the Company and its subsidiaries consider smaller balance homogeneous loans (including real estate loans and card loans, among others, which are not restructured) and net investment in leases as the 90 days or more
past-due
financing receivables not individually evaluated, and consider all others as the loans individually evaluated. After the Company and its subsidiaries have set aside a provision for those
non-performing
assets, the Company and its subsidiaries continue to monitor at least on a quarterly basis the quality of any underlying collateral, the business conditions of the debtors and other important factors in order to report to management and develop additional provision for credit losses as necessary.
 
– 74 –
Table of Contents
The following table provides information about the
past-due
financial assets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
March 31, 2023
  
         
Millions of yen
  
         
Past-due
financial assets
         
Portfolio segment
   
Class
   
30-89 days

past-due
     
90 days

or more

past-due
     
Total

past-due
     
Total

financing

receivables
  
Consumer borrowers
         ¥ 4,574      ¥ 10,047      ¥ 14,621      ¥ 2,299,307  
     Real estate loans      1,739        2,181        3,920        2,056,959  
     Card loans      514        1,364        1,878        171,635  
     Other      2,321        6,502        8,823        70,713  
Corporate borrowers
           5,628        21,363        26,991        1,357,086  
Non-recourse
loans
    Japan      0        0        0        124,499  
     The Americas      0        1,494        1,494        38,654  
Other than
non-recourse
loans
    Real estate companies in Japan      159        219        378        296,228  
     Real estate companies in overseas      1,412        13,618        15,030        79,645  
    
Commercial, industrial and
other companies in Japan
      1,366        1,118        2,484        160,530  
    
Commercial, industrial and
other companies in overseas
      2,691        4,914        7,605        657,530  
Net investment in leases
           9,181        15,583        24,764        1,087,563  
     Japan      2,648        4,431        7,079        632,120  
     Overseas      6,533        11,152        17,685        455,443  
         
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total
         ¥ 19,383      ¥ 46,993      ¥ 66,376      ¥ 4,743,956  
         
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
   
    
December 31, 2023
  
         
Millions of yen
  
         
Past-due
financial assets
         
Portfolio segment
   
Class
   
30-89
days

past-due
     
90 days

or more

past-due
     
Total

past-due
     
Total

financing

receivables
  
Consumer borrowers
         ¥ 5,555      ¥ 14,731      ¥ 20,286      ¥ 2,290,705  
     Real estate loans      1,994        2,277        4,271        2,042,040  
     Card loans      470        2,191        2,661        171,471  
     Other      3,091        10,263        13,354        77,194  
Corporate borrowers
           9,259        22,729        31,988        1,448,070  
Non-recourse
loans
    Japan      0        0        0        132,210  
     The Americas      2,139        1,055        3,194        40,345  
Other than
non-recourse
loans
    Real estate companies in Japan      156        180        336        312,944  
     Real estate companies in overseas      1,159        10,885        12,044        53,072  
    
Commercial, industrial and
other companies in Japan
      1,924        590        2,514        256,599  
    
Commercial, industrial and
other companies in overseas
      3,881        10,019        13,900        652,900  
Net investment in leases
           21,845        16,887        38,732        1,157,610  
     Japan      2,134        4,391        6,525        632,729  
     Overseas      19,711        12,496        32,207        524,881  
         
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total
         ¥ 36,659      ¥ 54,347      ¥ 91,006      ¥ 4,896,385  
         
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  

Note: Loans held for sale, policy loans receivable of an insurance entity and purchased loans are not included in the table above.
In common with all classes, the Company and its subsidiaries consider financial assets as
past-due
financial assets when principal or interest is
past-due
30 days or more. Loans whose terms have been modified are not classified as
past-due
financial assets if the principals and interests are not
past-due
30 days or more in accordance with the modified terms.
 
– 75 –
Table of Contents
The following table provides information about
non-accrual
of financial assets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
         
March 31, 2023
  
         
Millions of yen
  
         
Beginning balance
     
Ending balance
     
Interest income
recognized during

the reporting

period
     
Balance not

associated

allowance for credit

losses among

financial assets

measured at

amortized cost,

which is

suspending

recognition of

income
  
Non-accrual
of financial assets:
                                    
Installment loans to consumer borrowers:
                                    
Real estate loans
                                         
    
Japan
    ¥ 1,824      ¥ 1,693      ¥ 235      ¥ 41  
    
Overseas
      475        547        0        0  
Card loans
   
Japan
      503        1,367        28        0  
Other
                                         
    
Japan
      2,391        5,429        170        10  
    
Overseas
      519        1,105        0        0  
Installment loans to corporate borrowers:
                                    
Non-recourse
loans
   
The Americas
      8,787        3,248        0        0  
Other than non-recourse loans
                                    
Real estate companies
                                         
    
Japan
      351        219        51        13  
    
Overseas
      20,879        12,804        0        0  
Commercial, industrial and other companies
                                   
    
Japan
      1,267        1,118        71        190  
    
Overseas
      18,634        20,470        0        2,113  
Net investment in leases
      17,771        16,627        0        0  
         
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total
         ¥ 73,401      ¥ 64,627      ¥ 555      ¥ 2,367  
         
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
 
– 76 –
Table of Contents
 
  
 
  
December 31, 2023
 
 
  
 
  
Millions of yen
 
 
  
 
  
Beginning balance
 
  
Ending balance
 
  
Interest income
recognized during
the reporting
period
 
  
Balance not

associated

allowance for credit

losses among

financial assets

measured at

amortized cost,

which is

suspending

recognition of

income
 
Non-accrual
of financial assets:
  
  
  
  
Installment loans to consumer borrowers:
  
  
  
  
Real estate loans
                                         
    
Japan
   
¥
1,693
 
   
¥
1,540
 
   
¥
187
 
   
¥
130
 
    
Overseas
   
 
547
 
   
 
794
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
370
 
Card loans
   
Japan
   
 
1,367
 
   
 
2,191
 
   
 
23
 
   
 
0
 
Other
                                         
    
Japan
   
 
5,429
 
   
 
7,485
 
   
 
143
 
   
 
8
 
    
Overseas
   
 
1,105
 
   
 
3,070
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
1,141
 
Installment loans to corporate borrowers:
                                    
Non-recourse
loans
   
The
Americas
   
 
3,248
 
   
 
2,855
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
Other than non-recourse loans
                                    
Real estate companies
                                         
    
Japan
   
 
219
 
   
 
180
 
   
 
35
 
   
 
6
 
    
Overseas
   
 
12,804
 
   
 
12,339
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
Commercial, industrial and other companies
                                    
    
Japan
   
 
1,118
 
   
 
590
 
   
 
21
 
   
 
43
 
    
Overseas
   
 
20,470
 
   
 
24,986
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
315
 
Net investment in leases
   
 
16,627
 
   
 
16,903
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
         
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total
        
¥
64,627
 
   
¥
72,933
 
   
¥
409
 
   
¥
2,013
 
         
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
The Company and its subsidiaries suspend accruing interest on
past-due
installment loans and net investment in leases when principal or interest is
past-due
90 days or more, or earlier, if management determines that their collections are doubtful based on factors such as individual debtors’ creditworthiness, historical loss experience, current delinquencies and delinquency trends. Cash repayments received on
non-accrual
loans are applied first against past due interest and then any surpluses are applied to principal in view of the conditions of the contract and obligors. The Company and its subsidiaries return to accrual status
non-accrual
loans and net investment in leases when it becomes probable that the Company and its subsidiaries will be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of these loans and lease receivables, as evidenced by continual payments from the debtors. The period of such continual payments before returning to accrual status varies depending on factors that are considered relevant in assessing the debtor’s creditworthiness, such as the debtor’s business characteristics and financial conditions as well as relevant economic conditions and trends.
 
– 77 –
Table of Contents
The following table provides information about troubled debt restructurings of financing receivables that occurred during the nine and three months ended December 31, 2022:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nine months ended December 31, 2022
  
         
Millions of yen
  
Portfolio segment
   
Class
   
Pre-modification

outstanding

recorded investment
     
Post-modification

outstanding

recorded investment
  
Consumer borrowers
         ¥ 5,785      ¥ 4,579  
     Real estate loans      9        4  
     Card loans      1,079        936  
     Other      4,697        3,639  
Corporate borrowers
           8,444        8,442  
Other than
non-recourse
loans
    Real estate companies in Japan      231        230  
     Commercial, industrial and other companies in overseas      8,213        8,212  
         
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total
         ¥ 14,229      ¥ 13,021  
         
 
 
     
 
 
  
 
– 78 –
Table of Contents
Three months ended December 31, 2022
  
         
Millions of yen
  
Portfolio segment
   
Class
   
Pre-modification

outstanding

recorded investment
     
Post-modification

outstanding

recorded investment
  
Consumer borrowers
       ¥ 1,806      ¥ 1,404  
   Real estate loans      4        1  
   Card loans      366        317  
   Other      1,436        1,086  
Corporate borrowers
         231        230  
Other than
non-recourse
loans
    Real estate companies in Japan      231        230  
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total
       ¥ 2,037      ¥ 1,634  
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
A troubled debt restructuring is defined as a restructuring of a financing receivable in which the creditor grants a concession to the debtor for economic or other reasons related to the debtor’s financial difficulties.
The Company and its subsidiaries offer various types of concessions to our debtors to protect as much of the investment as possible in troubled debt restructurings. For the debtors of all financing receivables, the Company and its subsidiaries offer concessions including an extension of the maturity date at an interest rate lower than the current market rate for a debt with similar risk characteristics. In addition, for the debtors of all financing receivables other than
non-recourse
loans, the Company and its subsidiaries also offer concessions such as a reduction of the loan principal or a temporary reduction in the interest payments. Furthermore, the Company and its subsidiaries may acquire collateral assets from the debtors in troubled debt restructurings to satisfy fully or partially the loan principal or past due interest.
In common with all portfolio segments, financing receivables modified as troubled debt restructurings are recognized as impaired and are individually evaluated for allowance for credit losses. In most cases, these financing receivables have already been considered impaired and individually evaluated for allowance for credit losses prior to the restructurings. However, as a result of the restructuring, the Company and its subsidiaries may recognize additional allowance for credit losses for the restructured receivables.
For nine months ended December 31, 2022, while there are financial assets for which the payments were deferred other than those in the troubled debt restructuring stated above due to the spread of
COVID-19,
the payment deferrals, which are determined not to meet the definition of a troubled debt restructuring are not included in the troubled debt restructuring stated the above.
 
– 79 –
Table of Contents
The following table provides information about financing receivables modified as troubled debt restructurings within the previous 12 months from December 31, 2022 and for which there was a payment default during the nine and three months ended December 31, 2022:
 
Nine months ended December 31, 2022
  
         
Millions of yen
  
Portfolio segment
   
Class
   
Recorded investment
  
Consumer borrowers
                                                    ¥ 518  
   Card loans      5  
   Other      513  
Corporate borrowers
         1,671  
Other than
non-recourse
loans
    Commercial, industrial and other companies in overseas      1,671  
     
 
 
  
Total
       ¥ 2,189  
     
 
 
  
Three months ended December 31, 2022
  
         
Millions of yen
  
Portfolio segment
   
Class
   
Recorded investment
  
Consumer borrowers
       ¥ 195  
   Card loans      4  
   Other      191  
     
 
 
  
Total
       ¥ 195  
     
 
 
  
The Company and its subsidiaries consider financing receivables whose terms have been modified in a restructuring as defaulted receivables when principal or interest is
past-due
90 days or more in accordance with the modified terms.
In common with all portfolio segments, the Company and its subsidiaries suspend accruing interest and may recognize additional allowance for credit losses as necessary for the defaulted financing receivables.
 
– 80 –
Table of Contents
The following table provides information about modifications of financing receivables made to debtors experiencing financial difficulty that occurred during the nine and three months ended December 31, 2023:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nine months ended December 31, 2023
  
 
  
Millions of yen
  
 
  
Portfolio segment
   
Interest rate reduction
     
Term extension
     
Principal forgiveness
  
 
   
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Class
   
Amortized
cost basis
     
% of total
class of
financing
receivable
     
Amortized
cost basis
     
% of total
class of
financing
receivable
     
Amortized
cost basis
     
% of total
class of
financing
receivable
  
 
   
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Consumer borrowers
    ¥ 790        0.0      ¥ 3,542        0.2      ¥ 40        0.0  
Real estate loans
      2        0.0        1        0.0        1        0.0  
Card loans
      736        0.4        1        0.0        39        0.0  
Other
      52        0.1        3,540        4.6        0        0.0  
Corporate borrowers
      0        0        1,082        0.1        460        0.0  
Other than
non-recourse
loans
      0        0        1,082        0.1        460        0.0  
Real estate companies in Japan
      0        0        33        0.0        0        0  
Commercial, industrial and other companies in Japan
      0        0        704        0.3        0        0  
Commercial, industrial and other companies in overseas
      0        0        345        0.1        460        0.1  
    
 
 
              
 
 
              
 
 
           
Total
    ¥ 790        0.0      ¥ 4,624        0.1      ¥ 500        0.0  
    
 
 
              
 
 
              
 
 
           
 
Nine months ended December 31, 2023
  
 
  
Millions of yen
  
 
  
Portfolio segment
   
Combination -interest rate

reduction and term extension
     
Combination - interest rate

reduction and principal
forgiveness
     
Combination -term
extension and principal
forgiveness
  
 
   
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Class
   
Amortized
cost basis
     
% of total
class of
financing
receivable
     
Amortized
cost basis
     
% of total
class of
financing
receivable
     
Amortized
cost basis
     
% of total
class of
financing
receivable
  
 
   
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Consumer borrowers
    ¥ 53        0.0      ¥ 562        0.0      ¥ 304        0.0  
Real estate loans
      0        0        2        0        0        0  
Card loans
      0        0        540        0.3        0        0  
Other
      53        0.1        20        0.0        304        0.4  
Corporate borrowers
      0        0        0        0        0        0  
Other than
non-recourse
loans
      0        0        0        0        0        0  
Real estate companies in Japan
      0        0        0        0        0        0  
Commercial, industrial and other companies in Japan
      0        0        0        0        0        0  
Commercial, industrial and other companies in overseas
      0        0        0        0        0        0  
    
 
 
              
 
 
              
 
 
           
Total
    ¥ 53        0.0      ¥ 562        0.0      ¥ 304        0.0  
    
 
 
              
 
 
              
 
 
           
         
Nine months ended December 31, 2023
                              
 
                                      
Millions of yen
                              
 
                                      
Portfolio segment
   
Combination - interest rate
reduction, term extension
and principal forgiveness
                              
 
   
 
 
  
Class
   
Amortized
cost basis
     
% of total
class of
financing
receivable
  
 
   
 
 
     
 
 
  
Consumer borrowers
    ¥ 0        0  
Real estate loans
      0        0  
Card loans
      0        0  
Other
      0        0  
Corporate borrowers
      2,156        0.1  
Other than non-recourse loans
      2,156        0.2  
Real estate companies in Japan
      0        0  
Commercial, industrial and other companies in Japan
      0        0  
Commercial, industrial and other companies in overseas
      2,156        0.3  
    
 
 
           
Total
    ¥ 2,156        0.0  
    
 
 
           
 
Three months ended December 31, 2023
  
Millions of yen
  
 
  
Portfolio segment
   
Interest rate reduction
     
Term extension
     
Principal forgiveness
  
 
   
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Class
   
Amortized
cost basis
     
% of total
class of
financing
receivable
     
Amortized
cost basis
     
% of total
class of
financing
receivable
     
Amortized
cost basis
     
% of total
class of
financing
receivable
  
 
   
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Consumer borrowers
    ¥ 561        0.0      ¥ 1,314        0.1      ¥ 3        0.0  
Real estate loans
      0        0        0        0        0        0  
Card loans
      528        0.3        0        0        3        0.0  
Other
      33        0.0        1,314        1.7        0        0.0  
Corporate borrowers
      0        0        225        0.0        407        0.0  
Other than
non-recourse
loans
      0        0        225        0.0        407        0.0  
Real estate companies in Japan
      0        0        33        0        0        0  
Commercial, industrial and other companies in Japan
      0        0        192        0.1        0        0  
Commercial, industrial and other companies in overseas
      0        0        0        0        407        0.1  
    
 
 
              
 
 
              
 
 
           
Total
    ¥ 561        0.0      ¥ 1,539        0.0      ¥ 410        0.0  
    
 
 
              
 
 
              
 
 
           
 
Three months ended December 31, 2023
  
 
  
Millions of yen
  
 
  
Portfolio segment
   
Combination - interest rate
reduction and term extension
     
Combination - interest rate
reduction and principal
forgiveness
     
Combination - term

extension and principal
forgiveness
  
 
   
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Class
   
Amortized
cost basis
     
% of total
class of
financing
receivable
     
Amortized
cost basis
     
% of total
class of
financing
receivable
     
Amortized
cost basis
     
% of total
class of
financing
receivable
  
 
   
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Consumer borrowers
    ¥ 40        0.0      ¥ 15        0.0      ¥ 62        0.0  
Real estate loans
      0        0        1        0.0        0        0  
Card loans
      0        0        14        0.0        0        0  
Other
      40        0.1        0        0        62        0.1  
Corporate borrowers
      0        0        0        0        0        0  
Other than
non-recourse
loans
      0        0        0        0        0        0  
Real estate companies in Japan
      0        0        0        0        0        0  
Commercial, industrial and other companies in Japan
      0        0        0        0        0        0  
Commercial, industrial and other companies in overseas
      0        0        0        0        0        0  
    
 
 
              
 
 
              
 
 
           
Total
    ¥ 40        0.0      ¥ 15        0.0      ¥ 62        0.0  
    
 
 
              
 
 
              
 
 
           
         
Three months ended December 31, 2023
                              
 
                                      
Millions of yen
  
 
  
Portfolio segment
   
Combination - interest rate
reduction, term extension and
principal forgiveness
  
 
   
 
 
  
Class
   
Amortized
cost basis
     
% of total
class of
financing
receivable
  
 
   
 
 
     
 
 
  
Consumer borrowers
    ¥ 0        0  
Real estate loans
      0        0  
Card loans
      0        0  
Other
      0        0  
Corporate borrowers
      2,156        0.1  
Other than non-recourse loans
      2,156        0.2  
Real estate companies in Japan
      0        0  
Commercial, industrial and other companies in Japan
      0        0  
Commercial, industrial and other companies in overseas
      2,156        0.3  
    
 
 
           
Total
    ¥ 2,156        0.0  
    
 
 
           
The Company and its subsidiaries offer various types of concessions to the debtors to protect as much of the investment as possible in modifications of financing receivables made to debtors experiencing financial difficulty. For the debtors of all financing receivables, the Company and its subsidiaries offer concessions including an interest rate reduction and a term extension. In addition, for the debtors of all financing receivables other than
non-recourse
loans, the Company and its subsidiaries also offer concessions such as a principal forgiveness or a temporary reduction in the interest payments. Furthermore, the Company and its subsidiaries may acquire collateral assets from the debtors in modifications of financing receivables made to debtors experiencing financial difficulty to satisfy fully or partially the loan principal
or
past due interest.
In common with all portfolio segments, financing receivables modified to debtors experiencing financial difficulty are recognized as impaired and are individually evaluated for allowance for credit losses, taking into account payment default and repayment status after modifications. In most cases, these financing receivables have already been considered impaired and individually evaluated for allowance for credit losses prior to the modifications. However, as a result of the modification, the Company and its subsidiaries may recognize additional allowance for credit losses for the modified receivables.
 
– 81 –
Table of Contents
The following table provides information about the financial effect of the modifications of financing receivables made to debtors experiencing financial difficulty that occurred during the nine and three months ended December 31, 2023:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nine months ended December 31, 2023
 
Millions of yen
 
Portfolio segment
   
Financial effect
 
   
 
Class
   
Interest rate reduction
   
Term extension
   
Principal forgiveness
 
   
 
Consumer borrowers
               
Real estate loans
   
Reduced weighted-average
contractual interest rate from 6.7% to 0.0%.		    Added a weighted-average
1.0 years to the life of loans.		    Reduced the amortized cost basis of the loans by ¥6 million.
Card loans
    Reduced weighted-average contractual interest rate from 12.9% to 0.5%.   
Added a weighted-average

6.6 years to the life of loans.		    Reduced the amortized cost basis of the loans by ¥141 million.
Other
    Reduced weighted-average contractual interest rate from 14.0% to 4.2%.    Added a weighted-average
4.9 years to the life of loans.		    Reduced the amortized cost basis of the loans by ¥543 million.
Corporate borrowers
               
Other than
non-recourse
loans
                
Real estate companies in Japan
    —      Added a weighted-average
0.4 years to the life of loans.		    —  
Commercial, industrial and other companies in Japan
    —      Added a weighted-average
0.7 years to the life of loans.		    —  
Commercial, industrial and other companies in overseas
    Reduced weighted-average contractual interest rate from 6.8% to 6.3%.    Added a weighted-average
5.0 years to the life of loans.		    Reduced the amortized cost basis of the loans by ¥1,301 million.
Net investment in leases
               
Overseas
    —      —      Reduced the amortized cost basis of the loans by ¥0 million.
 
Three months ended December 31, 2023
 
Millions of yen
 
Portfolio segment
   
Financial effect
 
   
 
Class
   
Interest rate reduction
   
Term extension
   
Principal forgiveness
 
   
 
Consumer borrowers
               
Real estate loans
   
Reduced weighted-average contractual interest rate from 12.6% to 0.0%.
    —      Reduced the amortized cost basis of the loans by ¥5 million.
Card loans
    Reduced weighted-average contractual interest rate from 13.2% to 0.8%.    —      Reduced the amortized cost basis of the loans by ¥49 million.
Other
    Reduced weighted-average contractual interest rate from 13.9% to 5.5%.    Added a weighted-average
4.9 years to the life of loans.		    Reduced the amortized cost basis of the loans by ¥207 million.
Corporate borrowers
                
Other than
non-recourse
loans
                
Real estate companies in Japan
    —      Added a weighted-average
0.4 years to the life of loans.		    —  
Commercial, industrial and other companies in Japan
    —      Added a weighted-average
1.0 years to the life of loans.		    —  
Commercial, industrial and other companies in overseas
    Reduced weighted-average contractual interest rate from 6.8% to 6.3%.    Added a weighted-average
5.0 years to the life of loans.		    Reduced the amortized cost basis of the loans by ¥1,193 million.
Net investment in leases
               
Overseas
    —      —      —  
The following table provides information about financing receivable that had a payment default and had been modified, when the debtor was experiencing financial difficulty, within the previous 12 months preceding the payment default date during the nine and three months ended December 31, 2023.
 
Nine months ended December 31, 2023
 
 
 
Millions of yen
 
 
 
Portfolio segment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Class
 
Interest rate
reduction
 
 
Term extension
 
 
Principal
forgiveness
 
 
Combination - interest rate

reduction and term
extension
 
 
Combination - interest rate

reduction and principal
forgiveness
 
 
Combination - term

extension and principal
forgiveness
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer
borrowers
 
¥
7
 
 
¥
86
 
 
¥
1
 
 
¥
0
 
 
¥
10
 
 
¥
4
 
Real estate loans
 
 
3
 
 
 
0
 
 
 
0
 
 
 
0
 
 
 
0
 
 
 
0
 
Card loans
 
 
4
 
 
 
0
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
0
 
 
 
7
 
 
 
0
 
Other
 
 
0
 
 
 
86
 
 
 
0
 
 
 
0
 
 
 
3
 
 
 
4
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
¥
7
 
 
¥
86
 
 
¥
1
 
 
¥
0
 
 
¥
10
 
 
¥
4
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended December 31, 2023
 
 
 
Millions of yen
 
 
 
Portfolio segment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Class
 
Interest rate
reduction
 
 
Term extension
 
 
Principal
forgiveness
 
 
Combination - interest rate

reduction and term
extension
 
 
Combination - interest rate

reduction and principal
forgiveness
 
 
Combination - term

extension and principal
forgiveness
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer
borrowers
 
¥
7
 
 
¥
86
 
 
¥
1
 
 
¥
0
 
 
¥
10
 
 
¥
4
 
Real estate loans
 
 
3
 
 
 
0
 
 
 
0
 
 
 
0
 
 
 
0
 
 
 
0
 
Card loans
 
 
4
 
 
 
0
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
0
 
 
 
7
 
 
 
0
 
Other
 
 
0
 
 
 
86
 
 
 
0
 
 
 
0
 
 
 
3
 
 
 
4
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
¥
7
 
 
¥
86
 
 
¥
1
 
 
¥
0
 
 
¥
10
 
 
¥
4
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Company and its subsidiaries consider financing receivables whose terms have been modified to debtors experiencing financial difficulty as defaulted receivables when principal or interest is
past-due
90 days or more in accordance with the modified terms.
 
– 82 –
Table of Contents
The following table provides information about the
past-due
financial assets modified to debtors experiencing financial difficulty within the previous 12 months from December 31, 2023:
 
December 31, 2023
 
 
  
Millions of yen
 
Portfolio segment
  
Current
 
 
30-89 days

past-due
 
 
90 days

or more

past-due
 
Class
Consumer borrowers
    ¥                             4,961     ¥                           215     ¥                           115  
Real estate loans
      3       0       3  
Card loans
      1,275       30       11  
Other
      3,683             185             101  
Corporate borrowers
      3,320         88       290  
Other than
non-recourse
loans
      3,320       88       290  
Real estate companies in Japan
      0       0       33  
Commercial, industrial and other companies in Japan
      383       88       233  
Commercial, industrial and other companies in overseas
      2,937       0       24  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total
    ¥ 8,281     ¥ 303     ¥ 405  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, there were no foreclosed residential real estate properties. The carrying amounts of installment loans in consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property that are in the process of foreclosure were ¥57 million and ¥135 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
 
– 83 –
Table of Contents
8.
Investment in Securities
Investment in securities as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023 consists of the following:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
 
 
  
    
March 31, 2023
     
December 31, 2023
  
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
Equity securities *1
    ¥ 589,312      ¥ 734,659  
Trading debt securities
      2,179        2,213  
Available-for-sale
debt securities
      2,234,608        2,537,681  
Held-to-maturity
debt securities *2
      114,759        0  
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total
    ¥ 2,940,858      ¥ 3,274,553  
    
 
 
     
 
 
  

*1
The amount of assets under management of variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts included in equity securities were ¥151,445 million and ¥149,565 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The amount of investment funds that are accounted for under the equity method included in equity securities were ¥90,993 million and ¥189,086 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The amount of investment funds elected the fair value option included in equity securities were ¥16,032 million and ¥19,059 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
*2
During the nine months ended December 31, 2023
, bonds held as held-to-maturity debt securities were reclassified to available-for-sale debt securities. This is because
a certain subsidiary
changed
its
holding purposes in accordance with ASC 320 (“Investments—Debt Securities”) in order to improve profitability by building a flexible investment portfolio and improve capital stability. At the time of reclassification, the book value of held-to-maturity debt securities was ¥115,507 million and the related unrealized gain was ¥7,913 million.
Gains and losses realized from the sale of equity securities and net unrealized holding gains (losses) on equity securities are included in gains on investment securities and dividends, life insurance premiums and related investment income, and write-downs of securities. For further information, see Note 17 “Income and Expenses Relating to Life Insurance Operations.” Net unrealized holding gains (losses) on equity securities held as of December 31, 2022 were losses of ¥2,851 million and gains of ¥12,272 million for the nine and three months ended December 31, 2022, respectively. Net unrealized holding gains (losses) on equity securities held as of December 31, 2023 were gains of ¥31,582 million and ¥7,996 million for the nine and three months ended December 31, 2023, respectively, which did not include net unrealized holding gains (losses) on both investment funds above mentioned.
Equity securities include
non-marketable
equity securities and preferred equity securities, etc. elected for the measurement alternative. Upward or downward adjustments resulting from observable price changes are included in gains on investment securities and dividends and life insurance premiums and related investment income. Impairments are included in write-downs of securities. The following tables provide information about impairment and upward or downward adjustments resulting from observable price changes as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, and for the nine and three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
 
 
  
    
March 31, 2023
     
Nine months ended
December 31, 2022
     
Three months ended
December 31, 2022
  
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
    
Carrying
value
     
Accumulated
impairments
and
downward
adjustments
    
Accumulated
upward
adjustments
     
Impairments
and
downward
adjustments
    
Upward
adjustments
     
Impairments
and
downward
adjustments
    
Upward
adjustments
  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Equity securities measured using the measurement alternative
    ¥ 67,820      ¥ (14,062 )    ¥ 1,742      ¥ (368 )    ¥ 1,182      ¥ 0     ¥ 286  
   
    
Millions of yen
  
    
 
 
  
    
December 31, 2023
     
Nine months ended
December 31, 2023
     
Three months ended
December 31, 2023
  
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
    
Carrying
value
     
Accumulated
impairments
and
downward
adjustments
    
Accumulated
upward
adjustments
     
Impairments
and
downward
adjustments
    
Upward
adjustments
     
Impairments
and
downward
adjustments
    
Upward
adjustments
  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Equity securities measured using the measurement alternative
    ¥ 74,739      ¥ (15,732 )    ¥ 2,111      ¥ (397 )    ¥ 1,136      ¥ (307 )    ¥ 180  
 
– 84 –
Table of Contents
Gains and losses realized from the sale of trading debt securities and net unrealized holding gains (losses) on trading debt securities are included in gains on investment securities and dividends. Net unrealized holding gains (losses) on trading debt securities held as of December 31, 2022 were gains of ¥259 million and ¥62 million, respectively, for the nine and three months ended December 31, 2022. Net unrealized holding gains (losses) on trading debt securities held as of December 31, 2023 were losses of ¥84 million and ¥57 million, respectively, for the nine and three months ended December 31, 2023.
Certain subsidiaries elected the fair value option for certain investments in investment funds included in equity securities whose net asset values do not represent the fair value of investments due to the illiquid nature of these investments. The subsidiaries manage these investments on a fair value basis and the election of the fair value option enables the subsidiaries to reflect more appropriate assumptions to measure the fair value of these investments. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, these investments were fair valued at ¥16,032 million and ¥19,059 million, respectively.
A certain subsidiary elected the fair value option for investments in foreign government bond securities included in
available-for-sale
debt securities to mitigate volatility in the consolidated statements of income caused by the difference in recognition of gain or loss that would otherwise exist between the foreign government bond securities and the derivatives used to reduce the risks of fluctuations in market interest rates and exchange rates on these foreign government bond securities. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, these investments were fair valued at ¥237 million and ¥1,063 million, respectively.
A certain subsidiary elected the fair value option for investments in foreign corporate debt securities included in
available-for-sale
debt securities to mitigate volatility in the consolidated statements of income caused by the difference in recognition of gain or loss that would otherwise exist between the foreign corporate debt securities and the derivatives used to reduce the risks of fluctuations in market interest rates and exchange rates on these foreign corporate debt securities. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, these investments were fair valued at ¥6,605 million and ¥7,144 million, respectively.
 
– 85 –
Table of Contents
The amortized cost basis amounts, gross unrealized holding gains, gross unrealized holding losses and fair values of
available-for-sale
debt securities and
held-to-maturity
debt securities in each major security type as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023 are as follows:
March 31, 2023
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
 
 
  
    
Amortized
cost
     
Allowance
for credit
losses
    
Gross
unrealized
gains
     
Gross
unrealized
losses
    
Fair value
  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Available-for-sale
debt securities:
                                           
Japanese and foreign government bond securities
    ¥ 962,969      ¥ 0     ¥ 2,863      ¥ (164,537 )    ¥ 801,295  
Japanese prefectural and foreign municipal bond securities
      389,150        (144 )      1,146        (20,906 )      369,246  
Corporate debt securities
      851,525        0       6,270        (73,407 )      784,388  
CMBS and RMBS in the Americas
      45,292        0       62        (2,181 )      43,173  
Other asset-backed securities and debt securities
      239,922        0       5,735        (9,151 )      236,506  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
       2,488,858        (144 )      16,076        (270,182 )      2,234,608  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Held-to-maturity
debt securities:
                                           
Japanese government bond securities and other
      114,759        0       14,919        0       129,678  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
     ¥ 2,603,617      ¥ (144 )    ¥ 30,995      ¥ (270,182 )    ¥ 2,364,286  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
December 31, 2023
 
                                           
    
Millions of yen
  
    
 
 
  
    
Amortized
cost
     
Allowance
for credit
losses
    
Gross
unrealized
gains
     
Gross
unrealized
losses
    
Fair value
  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Available-for-sale
debt securities:
                                           
Japanese and foreign government bond securities
    ¥ 1,212,410      ¥ 0     ¥ 12,631      ¥ (247,505 )    ¥ 977,536  
Japanese prefectural and foreign municipal bond securities
      404,936        (233 )      2,477        (23,923 )      383,257  
Corporate debt securities
      888,034        0       14,455        (84,176 )      818,313  
CMBS and RMBS in the Americas
      76,136        0       533        (1,867 )      74,802  
Other asset-backed securities and debt securities
      285,295        (361 )      3,643        (4,804 )      283,773  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
     ¥ 2,866,811      ¥ (594 )    ¥ 33,739      ¥ (362,275 )    ¥ 2,537,681  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
– 86 –
Table of Contents
The following table presents rollforwards of the allowance for credit losses for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Nine months ended

December 31, 2022
  
    
Foreign municipal bond

securities
     
Japanese other asset-
  backed securities and  

debt securities
    
Total
  
Beginning
    ¥ 132      ¥ 21     ¥ 153  
Additional increases (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on AFS debt securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period, net
      0        (5 )      (5 ) 
Increase (Decrease) from the effects of changes in foreign exchange rates
      11            0                           11  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Ending
    ¥ 143      ¥ 16     ¥ 159  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
   
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Nine months ended

December 31, 2023
  
    
Foreign municipal bond

securities
     
Foreign other asset-

backed securities and
debt securities
    
Total
  
Beginning
    ¥ 144      ¥ 0     ¥ 144  
Additions to the allowance for credit losses on
available-for-sale
debt securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded
      80        365       445  
Increase (Decrease) from the effects of changes in foreign exchange rates
      9        (4 )      5  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Ending
    ¥ 233      ¥ 361     ¥ 594  
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
The following table presents rollforwards of the allowance for credit losses for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Three months ended

December 31, 2022
  
    
Foreign municipal bond

securities
    
Japanese other asset-

  backed securities and  

debt securities
    
Total
  
Beginning
    ¥ 156     ¥ 16     ¥                   172  
Increase (Decrease) from the effects of changes in foreign exchange rates
      (13 )      0       (13 ) 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Ending
    ¥ 143     ¥   16     ¥ 159  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Three months ended

December 31, 2023
  
    
Foreign municipal bond

securities
    
Foreign other asset-

  backed securities and  

debt securities
    
Total
  
Beginning
    ¥ 246     ¥ 222     ¥                   468  
Additions to the allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded
      0       153       153  
Increase (Decrease) from the effects of changes in foreign exchange rates
      (13 )      (14 )                        (27 ) 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Ending
    ¥ 233     ¥ 361     ¥ 594  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
– 87 –
Table of Contents
The following tables provide information about
available-for-sale
debt securities with gross unrealized losses (including allowance for credit losses) and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively:
March 31, 2023
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Less than 12 months
    
12 months or more
    
Total
  
    
Fair

value
     
Gross

unrealized

losses
    
Fair

value
     
Gross

unrealized

losses
    
Fair

value
     
Gross

unrealized

losses
  
Available-for-sale
debt securities:
                
Japanese and foreign government bond securities
    ¥ 2,588      ¥ (207 )    ¥ 662,897      ¥ (164,330 )    ¥ 665,485      ¥ (164,537 ) 
Japanese prefectural and foreign municipal bond securities
      97,721        (1,508 )      194,280        (19,542 )      292,001        (21,050 ) 
Corporate debt securities
      191,669        (6,570 )      401,994        (66,837 )      593,663        (73,407 ) 
CMBS and RMBS in the Americas
      16,691        (672 )      23,653        (1,509 )      40,344        (2,181 ) 
Other asset-backed securities and debt securities
      63,958        (2,300 )      88,503        (6,851 )      152,461        (9,151 ) 
  
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
   ¥ 372,627      ¥ (11,257 )    ¥ 1,371,327      ¥ (259,069 )    ¥ 1,743,954      ¥ (270,326 ) 
  
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
December 31, 2023
                
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Less than 12 months
    
12 months or more
    
Total
  
    
Fair

value
     
Gross

unrealized

losses
    
Fair

value
     
Gross

unrealized

losses
    
Fair

value
     
Gross

unrealized

losses
  
Available-for-sale
debt securities:
                
Japanese and foreign government bond securities
    ¥ 200,888      ¥ (12,656 )    ¥ 635,722      ¥ (234,849 )    ¥ 836,610      ¥ (247,505 ) 
Japanese prefectural and foreign municipal bond securities
      100,648        (606 )      181,375        (23,550 )      282,023        (24,156 ) 
Corporate debt securities
      79,191        (724 )      465,953        (83,452 )      545,144        (84,176 ) 
CMBS and RMBS in the Americas
      1,768        (46 )      34,868        (1,821 )      36,636        (1,867 ) 
Other asset-backed securities and debt securities
      27,460        (1,242 )      126,578        (3,923 )      154,038        (5,165 ) 
  
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
   ¥ 409,955      ¥ (15,274 )    ¥ 1,444,496      ¥ (347,595 )    ¥ 1,854,451      ¥ (362,869 ) 
  
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
 
– 88 –
Table of Contents
The following table provides information about
available-for-sale
debt securities with gross unrealized losses for which allowance for credit losses were not recorded and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively:
March 31, 2023
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Less than 12 months
    
12 months or more
    
Total
  
    
Fair

value
     
Gross

unrealized

losses
    
Fair

value
     
Gross

unrealized

losses
    
Fair

value
     
Gross

unrealized

losses
  
Available-for-sale
debt securities:
                
Japanese and foreign government bond securities
    ¥ 2,588      ¥ (207 )    ¥ 662,897      ¥ (164,330 )    ¥ 665,485      ¥ (164,537 ) 
Japanese prefectural and foreign municipal bond securities
      97,721        (1,508 )      190,805        (19,398 )      288,526        (20,906 ) 
Corporate debt securities
      191,669        (6,570 )      401,994        (66,837 )      593,663        (73,407 ) 
CMBS and RMBS in the Americas
      16,691        (672 )      23,653        (1,509 )      40,344        (2,181 ) 
Other asset-backed securities and debt securities
      63,958        (2,300 )      88,503        (6,851 )      152,461        (9,151 ) 
  
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
   ¥ 372,627      ¥ (11,257 )    ¥ 1,367,852      ¥ (258,925 )    ¥ 1,740,479      ¥ (270,182 ) 
  
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
December 31, 2023
                
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Less than 12 months
    
12 months or more
    
Total
  
    
Fair

value
     
Gross

unrealized

losses
    
Fair

value
     
Gross

unrealized

losses
    
Fair

value
     
Gross

unrealized

losses
  
Available-for-sale
debt securities:
                
Japanese and foreign government bond securities
    ¥ 200,888      ¥ (12,656 )    ¥ 635,722      ¥ (234,849 )    ¥ 836,610      ¥ (247,505 ) 
Japanese prefectural and foreign municipal bond securities
      99,421        (526 )      177,837        (23,397 )      277,258        (23,923 ) 
Corporate debt securities
      79,191        (724 )      465,953        (83,452 )      545,144        (84,176 ) 
CMBS and RMBS in the Americas
      1,768        (46 )      34,868        (1,821 )      36,636        (1,867 ) 
Other asset-backed securities and debt securities
      27,460        (1,242 )      124,719        (3,391 )      152,179        (4,633 ) 
  
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
   ¥ 408,728      ¥ (15,194 )    ¥ 1,439,099      ¥ (346,910 )    ¥ 1,847,827      ¥ (362,104 ) 
  
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
The number of investment securities that were in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023 were 1,208 and 1,118, respectively. The gross unrealized losses on these debt securities are attributable to a number of factors including changes in interest rates, credit spreads and market trends.
As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, the amount of accrued revenues on
available-for-sale
debt securities were ¥10,781 million and ¥14,596 million, respectively, which were included in other assets. The Company and its subsidiaries estimate credit losses and develop an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivables. There was no allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivables as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023.
For
available-for-sale
debt securities, if the fair value is less than the amortized cost, the debt securities are impaired. The Company and its subsidiaries identify per each impaired security whether the decline of fair value is due to credit losses component or
non-credit
losses component. Impairment related to credit losses is recognized in earning through an allowance for credit losses. Impairment related to other factors than credit losses is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable income taxes. In estimating an allowance of credit losses, the Company and its subsidiaries consider the existence of credit losses if the present value of estimated cash flows is less than the amortized cost basis. When the Company and its subsidiaries intend to sell the debt securities for which an allowance for credit losses is previously established or it is more likely than not that the Company and its subsidiaries will be required to sell the debt securities before recovery of the amortized cost basis, the allowance for credit losses is fully
written-off
and the amortized cost is reduced to the fair value after recognizing additional impairment in earnings. In addition, the Company and its subsidiaries recognize in earnings the full difference between the amortized cost and the fair value of the debt securities by direct write-down, without any allowance for credit losses, if the debt securities are expected to be sold and the fair value is less than the amortized cost.
 
– 89 –
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Reversals of credit losses related to
available-for-sale
debt securities recognized for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 resulted from Japanese other asset-backed securities and debt securities due to the reduced credit risk by postponement of maturity date. Credit losses related to
available-for-sale
debt securities recognized for the nine months ended December 31, 2023 resulted mainly from the respective deterioration of cash flows relating to foreign municipal bond securities and foreign other asset-backed securities and debt securities. The evaluation of credit losses with
available-for-sale
debt securities is compared to the amortized cost of debt securities with the present value of cash flows estimated based on a number of overall conditions, including estimated fair value of the underlying receivables and the repayment priority of the securities. Because the Company and its subsidiaries do not intend to sell the debt security or it is more likely than not that the Company and its subsidiaries will be required to sell the debt security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the Company and its subsidiaries recognized the allowance for credit losses.
Unrealized losses on
available-for-sale
debt securities mainly result from changes in market interest rates and foreign exchange rates, and changes in risk premiums. In order to evaluate the recoverability of the
available-for-sale
debt securities, the Company and its subsidiaries utilize all available information such as an issuer’s financial condition and business outlook. The fair value of Japanese and foreign government bond securities, Japanese prefectural and foreign municipal bond, and corporate debt securities is mainly estimated based on prices for similar assets. If there are no prices for similar assets available, the fair value of these securities is estimated by using discounted cash flow methodologies and broker quotes. The fair value of CMBS and RMBS in the Americas and other asset-backed securities and debt securities refers to prices from independent pricing service vendors and brokers, such as trading prices and bit prices. If the Company and its subsidiaries cannot rely on such prices, the fair value is calculated by using discounted cash flow methodologies and broker quotes. In discounted cash flow methodologies, future cash flows estimated based on a number of assumptions such as default rate, prepayment rate, and seniority are discounted by discount rate adjusted for credit risk and liquidity risk.
There were no
available-for-sale
debt securities accounted for as purchased credit deterioration financial assets acquired for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023.
 
– 90 –
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9.
Transfer of Financial Assets
The Company and its subsidiaries have securitized and transferred financial assets such as installment loans (commercial mortgage loans, housing loans and other).
In the securitization process, these financial assets are transferred to SPEs that issue beneficial interests of the securitization trusts and securities backed by the financial assets to investors. The cash flows collected from these assets transferred to the SPEs are then used to repay these asset-backed beneficial interests and securities. As the transferred assets are isolated from the Company and its subsidiaries, the investors and the SPEs have no recourse to other assets of the Company and its subsidiaries in cases where the debtors or the issuers of the transferred financial assets fail to perform under the original terms of those financial assets.
The Company and its subsidiaries often have continuing involvement with transferred financial assets by retaining the servicing arrangements and the interests in the SPEs in the form of the beneficial interest of the securitization trusts. Those interests that continue to be held include interests in the transferred assets and are often subordinate to other tranche(s) of the securitization. Those beneficial interests that continue to be held by the Company and its subsidiaries are subject to credit risk, interest rate risk and prepayment risk on the securitized financial assets. With regards to these subordinated interests that the Company and its subsidiaries retain, they are subordinated to the senior investments and are exposed to different credit and prepayment risks, since they first absorb the risk of the decline in the cash flows from the financial assets transferred to the SPEs for defaults and prepayment of the transferred assets. If there is any excess cash remaining in the SPEs after payment to investors in the securitization of the contractual rate of returns, most of such excess cash is distributed to the Company and its subsidiaries for payments of the subordinated interests. SPEs used in securitization transactions have been consolidated if the Company and its subsidiaries are the primary beneficiary of the SPEs.
When the Company and its subsidiaries have transferred financial assets to a transferee that is not subject to consolidation, the Company and its subsidiaries account for the transfer as a sale if control over the transferred assets is surrendered.
For the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, the amount of installment loans that has been derecognized due to new securitization and transfer of loans were ¥733,032 million and ¥636,424 million, respectively. For the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, gains (losses) from the securitization and transfer of loans were ¥15,058 million and ¥11,701 million, respectively, which is included in finance revenues in the consolidated statements of income.
For the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, the amount of installment loans that has been derecognized due to new securitization and transfer of loans were ¥220,876 million and ¥165,305 million, respectively. For the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, gains (losses) from the securitization and transfer of loans were ¥3,902 million and ¥2,486 million, respectively, which is included in finance revenues in the consolidated statements of income.
A certain subsidiary originates and sells loans into the secondary market while retaining the obligation to service those loans. In addition, the subsidiary undertakes obligations to service loans originated by others. The servicing assets related to those servicing activities are included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets and roll-forwards of the amount of the servicing assets for the nine and three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 are as follows:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Nine months ended

December 31, 2022
    
Nine months ended

December 31, 2023
    
Three months ended

December 31, 2022
    
Three months ended

December 31, 2023
  
Beginning balance
    ¥ 70,254     ¥ 72,265     ¥ 80,190     ¥ 80,496  
Increase mainly from loans sold with servicing retained
      8,150       6,530       2,724       1,742  
Decrease mainly from amortization
      (11,208 )      (7,699 )      (3,062 )      (2,472 ) 
Increase (Decrease) from the effects of changes in foreign exchange rates
      5,969       4,524       (6,687 )      (4,146 ) 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Ending balance
    ¥ 73,165     ¥ 75,620     ¥ 73,165     ¥ 75,620  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The fair value of the servicing assets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023 are as follows:
 
 
                  
Millions of yen
  
                  
March 31, 2023
     
December 31, 2023
  
Beginning balance
                      ¥ 83,732      ¥ 101,375  
Ending balance
                      ¥ 101,375      ¥ 116,400  
 
– 91 –
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10.
Variable Interest Entities
The Company and its subsidiaries use SPEs in the ordinary course of business.
These SPEs are not always controlled by voting rights, and there are cases where voting rights do not exist for these SPEs. The Company and its subsidiaries determine a variable interest entity (hereinafter, “VIE”) among those SPEs when (a) the total equity investment at risk is not sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support provided by any parties, including the equity holders or (b) as a group, the holders of the equity investment at risk do not have (1) the ability to make decisions about an entity’s activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance through voting rights or similar rights, (2) the obligation to absorb the expected losses of the entity or (3) the right to receive the expected residual returns of the entity.
The Company and its subsidiaries perform a qualitative analysis to identify the primary beneficiary of VIEs. An enterprise that has both of the following characteristics is considered to be the primary beneficiary and therefore results in the consolidation of the VIE:
 
  •  
the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance; and
 
  •  
the obligation to absorb losses of the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE.
All facts and circumstances are taken into consideration when determining whether the Company and its subsidiaries have variable interests that would deem it the primary beneficiary and therefore require consolidation of the VIE. The Company and its subsidiaries make ongoing reassessment of whether they are the primary beneficiaries of a VIE.
The following are the factors that the Company and its subsidiaries are considering in a qualitative assessment:
 
  •  
which activities most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE and who has the power to direct such activities;
 
  •  
characteristics of the Company and its subsidiaries’ variable interest or interests and other involvements (including involvement of related parties and de facto agents);
 
  •  
involvement of other variable interest holders; and
 
  •  
the entity’s purpose and design, including the risks that the entity was designed to create and pass through to its variable interest holders.
The Company and its subsidiaries generally consider the following types of involvement to be significant when determining the primary beneficiary:
 
  •  
designing the structuring of a transaction;
 
  •  
providing an equity investment and debt financing;
 
  •  
being the investment manager, asset manager or servicer and receiving variable fees; and
 
  •  
providing liquidity and other financial support.
The Company and its subsidiaries do not have the power to direct activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance if that power is shared among multiple unrelated parties, and accordingly do not consolidate such VIE.
 
– 92 –
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Information about VIEs (consolidated and
non-consolidated)
for the Company and its subsidiaries are as follows:
 
1.
Consolidated VIEs
March 31, 2023
 
 
  
Millions of yen
 
Types of VIEs
  
Total

assets *1
 
  
Total

liabilities *1
 
  
Assets which

are pledged as

collateral *2
 
  
Commitments *3
 
(a) VIEs for liquidating customer assets
    ¥ 0      ¥ 0      ¥ 0      ¥ 0  
(b) VIEs for acquisition of real estate and real estate development projects for customers
      1,907        1        0        0  
(c) VIEs for acquisition of real estate for the Company and its subsidiaries’ real estate-related business
      55,456        13,060        15,596        0  
(d) VIEs for corporate rehabilitation support business
      664        7        0        0  
(e) VIEs for investment in securities
      180,569        399        0        62,340  
(f) VIEs for securitizing financial assets such as finance lease receivable and loan receivable
      224,949        155,706        224,949        0  
(g) VIEs for securitization of loan receivable originated by third parties
      548        1,106        548        0  
(h) VIEs for power generation projects
      258,396        164,813        187,892        38,099  
(i) Other VIEs
      168,574        63,864        137,481        0  
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total
    ¥     891,063      ¥ 398,956      ¥ 566,466      ¥   100,439  
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
         
December 31, 2023
                            
   
    
Millions of yen
  
Types of VIEs
   
Total

assets *1
     
Total

liabilities *1
     
Assets which

are pledged as

collateral *2
     
Commitments *3
  
(a) VIEs for liquidating customer assets
    ¥ 0      ¥ 0      ¥ 0      ¥ 0  
(b) VIEs for acquisition of real estate and real estate development projects for customers
      1,724        1        0        0  
(c) VIEs for acquisition of real estate for the Company and its subsidiaries’ real estate-related business
      52,443        13,340        16,148        0  
(d) VIEs for corporate rehabilitation support business
      272        5        0        0  
(e) VIEs for investment in securities
      203,747        142        0        73,574  
(f) VIEs for securitizing financial assets such as finance lease receivable and loan receivable
      205,526        159,896        205,526        0  
(g) VIEs for securitization of loan receivable originated by third parties
      591        1,179        591        0  
(h) VIEs for power generation projects
      544,659        393,162        186,004        38,099  
(i) Other VIEs
      192,026        69,913        149,336        0  
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total
    ¥ 1,200,988      ¥ 637,638      ¥ 557,605      ¥ 111,673  
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  

*1
The assets of most VIEs are used only to repay the liabilities of the VIEs, and the creditors of the liabilities of most VIEs have no recourse to other assets of the Company and its subsidiaries.
*2
The assets are pledged as collateral by VIE for financing of the VIE.
*3
This item represents remaining balance of commitments that could require the Company and its subsidiaries to provide investments or loans to the VIE.
 
– 93 –
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2.
Non-consolidated
VIEs
March 31, 2023
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
           
Carrying amount of

the variable interests in

the VIEs held by

the Company and its subsidiaries
     
Maximum

exposure

to loss *
  
Types of VIEs
   
Total assets
     
Non-recourse

loans
     
Investments
  
(a) VIEs for liquidating customer assets
    ¥ 8,247      ¥ 0      ¥ 991      ¥ 991  
(b) VIEs for acquisition of real estate and real estate development projects for customers
      648,468        10,721        8,805        20,526  
(c) VIEs for acquisition of real estate for the Company and its subsidiaries’ real estate-related business
      0        0        0        0  
(d) VIEs for corporate rehabilitation support business
      0        0        0        0  
(e) VIEs for investment in securities
      10,887,430        0        98,742        173,314  
(f) VIEs for securitizing financial assets such as finance lease receivable and loan receivable
      0        0        0        0  
(g) VIEs for securitization of loan receivable originated by third parties
      901,544        0        10,475        10,475  
(h) VIEs for power generation projects
      16,138        0        3,691        4,491  
(i) Other VIEs
      1,726,717        3,333        28,835        43,405  
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total
    ¥ 14,188,544      ¥            14,054      ¥    151,539      ¥        253,202  
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
     
December 31, 2023
 
                  
   
    
Millions of yen
  
           
Carrying amount of the

variable interests in

the VIEs held by

the Company and its subsidiaries
     
Maximum

exposure

to loss *
  
Types of VIEs
   
Total assets
     
Non-recourse

loans
     
Investments
  
(a) VIEs for liquidating customer assets
    ¥ 8,238      ¥ 0      ¥ 16      ¥ 16  
(b) VIEs for acquisition of real estate and real estate development projects for customers
      998,202        46,120        10,541        59,672  
(c) VIEs for acquisition of real estate for the Company and its subsidiaries’ real estate-related business
      0        0        0        0  
(d) VIEs for corporate rehabilitation support business
      0        0        0        0  
(e) VIEs for investment in securities
      15,674,520        0        220,270        304,201  
(f) VIEs for securitizing financial assets such as finance lease receivable and loan receivable
      0        0        0        0  
(g) VIEs for securitization of loan receivable originated by third parties
      1,364,135        0        13,667        13,667  
(h) VIEs for power generation projects
      13,367        0        2,426        4,476  
(i) Other VIEs
      2,167,330        3,539        35,706        57,826  
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total
    ¥ 20,225,792      ¥ 49,659      ¥ 282,626      ¥ 439,858  
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  

*
Maximum exposure to loss includes remaining balance of commitments that could require the Company and its subsidiaries to provide investments or loans to the VIE.
 
– 94 –
Table of Contents
(a) VIEs for liquidating customer assets
The Company and its subsidiaries may use VIEs in structuring financing for customers to liquidate specific customer assets. The VIEs are typically used to provide a structure that is bankruptcy remote with respect to the customer and the use of VIE structure is requested by such customer. Such VIEs typically acquire assets to be liquidated from the customer, borrow
non-recourse
loans from financial institutions and have an equity investment made by the customer. The Company and its subsidiaries provide
non-recourse
loans to such VIEs and make investments in them. By using cash flows from the liquidated assets, these VIEs repay the loan and pay dividends to equity investors if sufficient funds exist.
With respect to variable interests of
non-consolidated
VIEs held by the Company and its subsidiaries, investments are mainly included in other assets in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
(b) VIEs for acquisition of real estate and real estate development projects for customers
Customers and the Company and its subsidiaries are involved with VIEs formed to acquire real estate and/or develop real estate projects. In each case, a customer establishes and makes an equity investment in a VIE that is designed to be bankruptcy remote from the customer. The VIEs acquire real estate and/or develop real estate projects.
The Company and its subsidiaries provide
non-recourse
loans to such VIEs and hold specified bonds issued by them and/or make investments in them. The Company and its subsidiaries have consolidated certain VIEs because the Company or its subsidiary effectively controls the VIEs by acting as the asset manager of the VIEs.
In the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, assets of consolidated VIEs are mainly included in cash and cash equivalents and investment in affiliates.
With respect to variable interests of
non-consolidated
VIEs held by the Company and its subsidiaries,
non-recourse
loans are included in installment loans, and investments are mainly included in investment in securities, investment in affiliates and other assets in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company and its subsidiaries concluded that the VIEs are not consolidated because the power to direct these VIEs is held by unrelated parties. In some cases, the Company and its subsidiaries concluded that the VIEs are not consolidated because the power to direct these VIEs is shared among multiple unrelated parties. Certain subsidiaries have commitment agreements by which the Company and its subsidiaries may be required to make additional investment in certain such
non-consolidated
VIEs.
(c) VIEs for acquisition of real estate for the Company and its subsidiaries’ real estate-related business
The Company and its subsidiaries establish VIEs and acquire real estate to borrow
non-recourse
loans from financial institutions and simplify the administration activities necessary for the real estate.
The Company and its subsidiaries consolidate such VIEs even though the Company and its subsidiaries may not have voting rights if substantially all of such VIEs’ subordinated interests are issued to the Company and its subsidiaries, and therefore the VIEs are controlled by and for the benefit of the Company and its subsidiaries.
In the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, assets of the consolidated VIEs are mainly included in cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, investment in operating leases, investment in securities, property under facility operations and other assets, and liabilities of those consolidated VIEs are mainly included in long-term debt and other liabilities.
(d) VIEs for corporate rehabilitation support business
Financial institutions, the Company and its subsidiaries are involved with VIEs established for the corporate rehabilitation support business. VIEs receive the funds from investors including the financial institutions, the Company and the subsidiary, and purchase loan receivables due from borrowers which have financial problems, but are deemed to have the potential to recover in the future. The servicing operations for the VIEs are conducted by the subsidiary.
The Company and its subsidiaries consolidated such VIEs since the Company and its subsidiaries have the majority of the investment share of such VIEs, and have the power to direct the activities of the VIEs that most significantly impact the entities’ economic performance through the servicing operations.
In the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, assets of the consolidated VIEs are mainly included in installment loans, and liabilities of those consolidated VIEs are mainly included in other liabilities.
 
– 95 –
Table of Contents
(e) VIEs for investment in securities
The Company and its subsidiaries have interests in VIEs that are investment funds and mainly invest in equity and debt securities. Such VIEs are managed by certain subsidiaries or fund management companies that are independent of the Company and its subsidiaries.
Certain subsidiaries consolidated certain such VIEs since the subsidiaries have the majority of the investment share of them, and have the power to direct the activities of those VIEs that most significantly impact the entities’ economic performance through involvement with the design of the VIEs or other means.
In the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, assets of the consolidated VIEs are mainly included in investment in securities and investment in affiliates, and liabilities of those consolidated VIEs are mainly included in other liabilities. The Company and certain subsidiaries have commitment agreements by which the Company and the subsidiaries may be required to make additional investment or execute loans in certain such consolidated VIEs.
Variable interests of
non-consolidated
VIEs, which the Company and its subsidiaries have, are included in investment in securities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company and its subsidiaries have commitment agreements by which the Company and its subsidiaries may be required to make additional investment in certain such
non-consolidated
VIEs.
(f) VIEs for securitizing financial assets such as finance lease receivable and loan receivable
The Company and its subsidiaries use VIEs to securitize financial assets such as loan receivables. In the securitization process, these financial assets are transferred to SPEs, and the SPEs issue beneficial interests or securities backed by the transferred financial assets to investors. After the securitization, the Company and its subsidiaries continue to hold a subordinated part of the securities and act as a servicer.
The Company and its subsidiaries consolidated such VIEs since the Company and its subsidiaries have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance by designing the securitization scheme and conducting servicing activities, and have a responsibility to absorb losses of the VIEs that could potentially be significant to the entities by retaining the subordinated part of the securities.
In the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, assets of the consolidated VIEs are mainly included in restricted cash and installment loans, and liabilities of those consolidated VIEs are mainly included in short -term debt, long-term debt and other liabilities.
Variable interests of
non-consolidated
VIEs, which the Company and its subsidiaries have, are included in other assets in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
(g) VIEs for securitization of loan receivable originated by third parties
The Company and its subsidiaries invest in CMBS, RMBS and other asset-backed securities originated by third parties. In some cases of such securitization, certain subsidiaries hold the subordinated portion and the subsidiaries act as a special-servicer of the securitization transaction. As the special servicer, the subsidiaries have rights to dispose of real estate collateral related to the securitized commercial mortgage loans.
The subsidiaries consolidate certain of these VIEs when the subsidiaries have the power to direct the activities of the VIEs that most significantly impact the entities’ economic performance through its role as special-servicer, including the right to dispose of the collateral, and have a responsibility to absorb losses of the VIEs that could potentially be significant to the entities by holding the subordinated part of the securities.
In the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, assets of the consolidated VIEs are mainly included in installment loans, and liabilities of those consolidated VIEs are mainly included in long-term debt.
Variable interests of
non-consolidated
VIEs, which the Company and its subsidiaries have, are included in investment in securities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
(h) VIEs for power generation projects
The Company and its subsidiaries may use VIEs in power generation projects. VIEs receive the funds from the Company and its subsidiaries, construct solar power stations and coal-biomass
co-fired
power plants on acquired or leased lands, and sell the generated power to electric power companies. The Company and its subsidiaries have consolidated certain VIEs because the Company and its subsidiaries have the majority of the investment shares of such VIEs and effectively control the VIEs by acting as the asset manager of the VIEs.
 
– 96 –
Table of Contents
In the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, assets of the consolidated VIEs are mainly included in cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, property under facility operations and other assets, and liabilities of those consolidated VIEs are mainly included in long-term debt and other liabilities. The Company and certain subsidiaries have commitment agreements by which the Company and the subsidiaries may be required to make additional investment or execute loans in certain such consolidated VIEs.
Variable interests of
non-consolidated
VIEs, which the Company has, are included in investment in affiliates in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company has commitment agreements by which the Company may be required to make additional investment in certain such
non-consolidated
VIEs.
(i) Other VIEs
The Company and its subsidiaries are involved with other types of VIEs for various purposes. Consolidated and
non-consolidated
VIEs of this category are mainly kumiai structures. In addition, certain subsidiaries have consolidated VIEs that are not included in the categories (a) through (h) above, because the subsidiaries hold the subordinated portion of the VIEs and the VIEs are effectively controlled by the subsidiaries.
In Japan, certain subsidiaries provide investment products to their customers that employ a contractual mechanism known as a kumiai, which in part result in the subsidiaries forming a type of SPEs. As a way to finance the purchase of aircraft or other large-ticket items to be leased to third parties, the Company and its subsidiaries arrange and market kumiai products to investors, who invest a portion of the funds necessary into the kumiai structure. The remainder of the purchase funds is borrowed by the kumiai structure in the form of a
non-recourse
loan from one or more financial institutions. The kumiai investors (and any lenders to the kumiai structure) retain all of the economic risks and rewards in connection with purchasing and leasing activities of the kumiai structure, and all related gains or losses are recorded on the financial statements of the investors in the kumiai. The Company and its subsidiaries are responsible for the arrangement and marketing of these products and may act as servicer or administrator in kumiai transactions. The fee income for the arrangement and administration of these transactions is recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. In some cases, the Company and its subsidiaries make investments in the kumiai or its related SPEs, and these VIEs are consolidated because the Company and its subsidiaries have a responsibility to absorb any significant potential loss through the investments and have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact their economic performance. In other cases, the Company and its subsidiaries are not considered to be the primary beneficiary of the VIEs or kumiais because the Company and its subsidiaries did not make significant investments or guarantee or otherwise undertake any significant financial commitments or exposure with respect to the kumiai or its related SPEs.
The Company may use VIEs for financing. The Company transfers its own held assets to SPEs, which borrow
non-recourse
loan from financial institutions and effectively pledge such assets as collateral. The Company continually holds subordinated interests in the SPEs and performs administrative work of such assets. The Company consolidates such SPEs because the Company has a right to direct the activities of them that most significantly impact their economic performance by setting up the scheme and performing administrative work of the assets and has the obligation to absorb expected losses of them by holding the subordinated interests.
In the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, assets of the consolidated VIEs are mainly included in investment in operating leases, investment in affiliates, office facilities and other assets, and liabilities of those consolidated VIEs are mainly included in long-term debt and other liabilities.
With respect to variable interests of
non-consolidated
VIEs held by the Company and its subsidiaries,
non-recourse
loans are included in installment loans, and investments are mainly included in investment in securities and investment in affiliates in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Certain subsidiaries have commitment agreements by which the Company and its subsidiaries may be required to make additional investment in certain such
non-consolidated
VIEs.
 
– 97 –
Table of Contents
11.
Investment in Affiliates
Investment in affiliates at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023 consists of the following:
 
 
  
Millions of yen
 
  
March 31, 2023
 
  
December 31, 2023
 
Shares*
    ¥ 973,929      ¥ 1,071,807  
Loans and others
      26,775        29,753  
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
     ¥               1,000,704      ¥               1,101,560  
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
 
*
There were certain investees measured at fair value by electing the fair value option, primarily to reduce volatility in the equity in net income (loss) of the investees arising from the difference in the measurement basis of their assets and liabilities. The shares in these investees amounted to ¥2,511 million and ¥5,737 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
 
12.
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
Changes in redeemable noncontrolling interests for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 are as follows:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Nine months ended

December 31, 2022
     
Nine months ended

December 31, 2023
  
Beginning balance
    ¥ 0      ¥ 945  
Transaction with noncontrolling interests
      949        979  
Comprehensive income
                  
Net income
      23        65  
Other comprehensive income (losses)
                  
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investment in debt securities
      0        8  
Net change of foreign currency translation adjustments
      2        66  
Total other comprehensive income
      2        74  
Comprehensive income
      25        139  
Dividends
      0        (218 ) 
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
Ending balance
    ¥                         974      ¥                 1,845  
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
 
– 98 –
Table of Contents
13.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive
income
(
loss
) attributable
to
ORIX Corporation Shareholders
for
the
nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, are as follows:

 
  
Nine months ended December 31, 2022
 
 
  
Millions of yen
 
 
  
Net unrealized

gains (losses)

on investment

in securities
 
 
Impact of

changes in

policy liability

discount rate
 
  
Debt

valuation

adjustments
 
 
Defined

benefit

pension

plans
 
 
Foreign

currency

translation

adjustments
 
 
Net unrealized

gains (losses)

on derivative

instruments
 
 
Accumulated

other

comprehensive

income (loss)
 
Balance at March 31, 2022 *1
    ¥ (72,892 )    ¥ 37,536      ¥ 221     ¥ (8,072 )    ¥ 61,914     ¥ 2,788     ¥ 21,495  
    
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investment in
securities, net of tax of ¥
69,092
 million
      (181,083 )                                               (181,083 ) 
Reclassification adjustment included in net
income, net of tax of ¥
465
 million
      (1,300 )                                               (1,300 ) 
Impact of changes in policy liability discount rate, net
of tax of ¥(65,509
) million
              169,383                                        169,383  
Debt valuation adjustments, net of tax of ¥(7
) million
                       21                               21  
Reclassification adjustment included in net
income, net of tax of ¥
3
million
                       (9 )                              (9 ) 
Defined benefit pension plans, net of tax of ¥
39 
million
                               (54 )                      (54 ) 
Reclassification adjustment included in net
income, net of tax of ¥
49 
million
                               (138 )                      (138 ) 
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of ¥
5,849 
million
                                       105,084                105,084  
Reclassification adjustment included in net
income, net of tax of ¥(977
) million
                                       2,246               2,246  
Net unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net of tax of ¥(6,060
) million
                                               22,216       22,216  
Reclassification adjustment included in net
income, net of tax of ¥
343 
million
                                               (1,039 )      (1,039 ) 
    
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
      (182,383 )      169,383        12       (192 )      107,330       21,177       115,327  
    
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Less: Other Comprehensive Income (loss) Attributable to the Noncontrolling Interests
      0       0        0       (2 )      3,857       1,963       5,818  
    
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Less: Other Comprehensive Income Attributable to the Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
      0       0        0                  0       2       0       2  
    
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Balance at December 31, 2022 *2
    ¥ (255,275 )    ¥ 206,919      ¥           233     ¥ (8,262 )    ¥ 165,385     ¥      22,002     ¥    131,002  
    
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  

*1
As of March 31, 2022, the amount of impact of changes in policy liability discount rate contained a loss of ¥(24,641
) million (net of tax of ¥
4,296 
million ) of cumulative effect of changes in the discount rates between contract inception date and the transition date of April 1, 2021 of LDTI and an income of ¥
62,177
 
million (net of tax of ¥(23,126
) million ) of changes after the transition date. For further information about impact of changes in policy liability discount rate, see Note 18. “Long-Duration Insurance Contracts Relating to Life Insurance Operations”.
*2
As of December 31, 2022, there were
no
net unrealized gains (losses) on investment in securities related to
available-for-sale
debt securities with allowance for credit losses.
 
– 99 –
Table of Contents
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Nine months ended December 31, 2023
    
 
  
    
Millions of yen
    
 
  
    
Net unrealized

gains (losses)

on investment

in securities
    
Impact of

changes in

policy liability

discount rate
    
Debt

valuation

adjustments
    
Defined

benefit

pension
plans
    
Foreign

currency

translation

adjustments
    
Net unrealized

gains (losses)

on derivative

instruments
    
Accumulated

other

comprehensive

income (loss)
  
Balance at March 31, 2023 * 1
    ¥ (183,034 )    ¥ 164,516     ¥ 275     ¥ (3,617 )    ¥ 155,912     ¥ 22,083     ¥ 156,135  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investment in securities, net of tax of ¥19,590 million
      (48,503 )                                              (48,503 ) 
Reclassification adjustment included in net income, net of tax of ¥1,613 million
      (4,563 )                                              (4,563 ) 
Impact of changes in policy liability discount rate, net of tax of ¥(21,316) million
              64,666                                       64,666  
Debt valuation adjustments, net of tax of ¥53 million
                      (137 )                              (137 ) 
Reclassification adjustment included in net income, net of tax of ¥5 million
                      (12 )                              (12 ) 
Defined benefit pension plans, net of tax of ¥(39) million
                              127                       127  
Reclassification adjustment included in net income, net of tax of ¥78 million
                              (211 )                      (211 ) 
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of ¥12,251 million
                                      98,920               98,920  
Reclassification adjustment included in net income, net of tax of ¥(3,472) million
                                      7,731               7,731  
Net unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net of tax of ¥(23) million
                                              (904 )      (904 ) 
Reclassification adjustment included in net income, net of tax of ¥692 million
                                              (2,108 )      (2,108 ) 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
      (53,066 )      64,666       (149 )      (84 )      106,651       (3,012 )      115,006  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Transaction with noncontrolling interests
      0       0       0       0       11       (176 )      (165 ) 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Less: Other Comprehensive Income (loss) Attributable to the Noncontrolling Interests
      0       0       0       (6 )      1,130       (118 )      1,006  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Less: Other Comprehensive Income Attributable to the Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
                  8                      0                   0                   0                   66                    0                   74   
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Balance at December 31, 2023 * 2
    ¥ (236,108 )    ¥ 229,182     ¥ 126     ¥ (3,695)     ¥ 261,378     ¥ 19,013     ¥ 269,896  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
*1
As of March 31, 2023, the amount of impact of changes in policy liability discount rate contained a loss of ¥(24,641) million (net of tax of ¥4,296 million ) of cumulative effect of changes in the discount rates between contract inception date and the transition date of April 1, 2021 of LDTI and an income of ¥189,157 million (net of tax of ¥(66,702) million ) of changes after the transition date. For further information about impact of changes in policy liability discount rate, see Note 18. “Long-Duration Insurance Contracts Relating to Life Insurance Operations”.
*2
As of December 31, 2023, net unrealized gains (losses) on investment in securities contained ¥(128) million (net of tax of ¥25 million ) of net unrealized gains (losses) on investment in securities related to
available-for-sale
debt securities with allowance for credit losses.
 
– 100 –
Table of Contents
Changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to ORIX Corporation Shareholders for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, are as follows:

 
  
Three months ended December 31, 2022
 
 
  
Millions of yen
 
 
  
Net unrealized

gains (losses)

on investment

in securities
 
 
Impact of

changes in

policy liability

discount rate
 
  
Debt

valuation

adjustments
 
 
Defined

benefit

pension
plans
 
 
Foreign

currency

translation

adjustments
 
 
Net unrealized

gains (losses)

on derivative

instruments
 
 
Accumulated

other

comprehensive

income (loss)
 
Balance at September 30, 2022 * 1
    ¥ (216,759 )    ¥ 196,902      ¥ 281     ¥ (8,390 )    ¥ 239,035     ¥ 19,847     ¥ 230,916  
    
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investment in
securities, net of tax of ¥15,067 million
      (38,088 )                                               (38,088 ) 
Reclassification adjustment included in net
income, net of tax of ¥173 million
      (428 )                                               (428 ) 
Impact of changes in policy liability discount rate, net
of tax of ¥(3,773) million
              10,017                                        10,017  
Debt valuation adjustments, net of tax of ¥18 million
                       (45 )                              (45 ) 
Reclassification adjustment included in net
income, net of tax of ¥1 million
                       (3 )                              (3 ) 
Defined benefit pension plans, net of tax of ¥(42) million
                               171                       171  
Reclassification adjustment included in net
income, net of tax of ¥16 million
                               (47 )                      (47 ) 
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of ¥(21,294) million
                                       (79,909 )              (79,909 ) 
Reclassification adjustment included in net
income, net of tax of ¥(965) million
                                           2,144               2,144  
Net unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments,
net of tax of ¥(1,353) million
                                               5,134              5,134  
Reclassification adjustment included in net
income, net of tax of ¥779 million
                                               (2,488 )      (2,488 ) 
    
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
      (38,516 )      10,017        (48 )      124       (77,765 )      2,646       (103,542 )
    
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Less: Other Comprehensive Income (loss) Attributable to the Noncontrolling Interests
                    0       0                      0       (4 )      (4,029 )                491       (3,542 ) 
    
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Less: Other Comprehensive Income (loss) Attributable to the Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
      0       0        0                  0       (86 )      0       (86 ) 
    
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Balance at December 31, 2022 * 2
    ¥ (255,275 )    ¥ 206,919      ¥ 233     ¥ (8,262 )    ¥ 165,385     ¥ 22,002     ¥ 131,002  
    
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
*1
As of September 30, 2022, the amount of impact of changes in policy liability discount rate contained a loss of ¥(24,641) million (net of tax of ¥4,296 million ) of cumulative effect of changes in the discount rates between contract inception date and the transition date of April 1, 2021 of LDTI and an income of ¥221,543 million (net of tax of ¥(84,862) million ) of changes after the transition date. For further information about impact of changes in policy liability discount rate, see Note 18. “Long-Duration Insurance Contracts Relating to Life Insurance Operations”.
*2
As of December 31, 2022, there were no net unrealized gains (losses) on investment in securities related to
available-for-sale
debt securities with allowance for credit losses.
 
– 101 –
Table of Contents
 
  
Three months ended December 31, 2023
 
 
  
Millions of yen
 
 
  
Net unrealized

gains (losses)

on investment

in securities
 
 
Impact of

changes in

policy liability

discount rate
 
 
Debt

valuation

adjustments
 
 
Defined

benefit

pension

plans
 
 
Foreign

currency

translation

adjustments
 
 
Net unrealized

gains (losses)

on derivative

instruments
 
 
Accumulated

other

comprehensive

income (loss)
 
Balance at September 30, 2023
    ¥ (283,445 )    ¥ 275,092     ¥ 152     ¥ (3,706 )    ¥ 314,152     ¥ 24,455     ¥ 326,700  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investment in securities, net of tax of ¥(15,934) million
      48,481                                               48,481  
Reclassification adjustment included in net income, net of tax of ¥402 million
      (1,135 )                                              (1,135 ) 
Impact of changes in policy liability discount rate ,
net of tax of ¥17,429 million
              (45,910 )                                      (45,910 ) 
Debt valuation adjustments, net of tax of ¥10 million
                      (23 )                              (23 ) 
Reclassification adjustment included in net income, net of tax of ¥2 million
                      (3 )                              (3 ) 
Defined benefit pension plans, net of tax of ¥(20) million
                              76                       76  
Reclassification adjustment included in net income, net of tax of ¥26 million
                              (71 )                      (71 ) 
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of
¥(10,481) million
                                      (59,480 )             (59,480 )
Reclassification adjustment included in net income, net of tax of ¥(1,144) million
                                      2,548               2,548  
Net unrealized gains (losses) on derivative
instruments, net of tax of ¥2,049
 
million
                                              (7,527 )      (7,527 ) 
Reclassification adjustment included in net income, net of tax of ¥(597) million
                                              2,107       2,107  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
      47,346       (45,910 )      (26 )      5       (56,932 )     (5,420 )      (60,937 )
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Less: Other Comprehensive Income (loss)
Attributable to the Noncontrolling Interests
      0       0       0       (6 )      (4,061 )     22       (4,045 )
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Less: Other Comprehensive Income (loss)
Attributable to the Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
      9                   0                       0                  0        (97 )                0        (88 ) 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Balance at December 31, 2023 *
    ¥   (236,108 )    ¥ 229,182     ¥ 126     ¥ (3,695 )    ¥ 261,378     ¥ 19,013     ¥   269,896  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
*
As of December 31, 2023, net unrealized gains (losses) on investment in securities contained ¥(128) million (net of tax of ¥25 million ) of net unrealized gains (losses) on investment in securities related to
available-for-sale
debt securities with allowance for credit losses.
 
– 102 –
Table of Contents
Amounts reclassified to net income from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 are as follows:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Nine months ended December 31, 2022
Details about accumulated other
comprehensive income components
   
Reclassification

adjustment included in

net income
      
  
Millions of yen
    
Consolidated statements of income caption
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investment in securities
                                                                                                            
Sales of debt securities
    ¥ 119     Gains on investment securities and dividends
Sales of debt securities
      1,261     Life insurance premiums and related investment income
Amortization of debt securities
      369     Finance revenues
Amortization of debt securities
      553     Life insurance premiums and related investment income
Others
      (537 )    Write-downs of securities
    
 
 
      
       1,765     Total before income tax
       (465 )    Income tax (expense) or benefit
    
 
 
      
     ¥ 1,300     Net of tax
    
 
 
      
Debt valuation adjustments
             
Fulfillment of policy liabilities and amortization of policy account balances
    ¥ 12     Life insurance costs
    
 
 
      
       12     Total before income tax
       (3 )    Income tax (expense) or benefit
    
 
 
      
     ¥ 9     Net of tax
    
 
 
      
Defined benefit pension plans
             
Amortization of prior service credit
    ¥ 257     See Note 16 “Pension Plans”
Amortization of net actuarial loss
      (69 )    See Note 16 “Pension Plans”
Amortization of transition obligation
      (1 )    See Note 16 “Pension Plans”
    
 
 
      
       187     Total before income tax
       (49 )    Income tax (expense) or benefit
    
 
 
      
     ¥ 138     Net of tax
    
 
 
      
Foreign currency translation adjustments
             
Foreign exchange contracts
    ¥ (11,275 )    Gains on sales of subsidiaries and affiliates and liquidation losses, net/Interest expense/Other (income) and expense
Sales or liquidation
      8,052     Gains on sales of subsidiaries and affiliates and liquidation losses, net
    
 
 
      
       (3,223 )    Total before income tax
       977     Income tax (expense) or benefit
    
 
 
      
     ¥ (2,246 )    Net of tax
    
 
 
      
Net unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments
             
Interest rate swap agreements
    ¥ (134 )    Interest expense
Foreign exchange contracts
      0     Interest expense/Other (income) and expense
Foreign currency swap agreements
      1,516     Interest expense/Other (income) and expense
    
 
 
      
       1,382     Total before income tax
       (343 )    Income tax (expense) or benefit
    
 
 
      
     ¥ 1,039     Net of tax
    
 
 
      
 
– 103 –
Table of Contents
    
Nine months ended December 31, 2023
Details about accumulated other
comprehensive income components
   
Reclassification

adjustment included in

net income
      
  
Millions of yen
    
Consolidated statements of income caption
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investment in securities
                                                                                                      
Sales of debt securities
    ¥         148     Gains on investment securities and dividends
Sales of debt securities
      2,516     Life insurance premiums and related investment income
Amortization of debt securities
      525     Finance revenues
Amortization of debt securities
      2,987     Life insurance premiums and related investment income
  
 
 
    
     6,176     Total before income tax
     (1,613 )    Income tax (expense) or benefit
  
 
 
    
   ¥ 4,563     Net of tax
  
 
 
    
Debt valuation adjustments
     
Fulfillment of policy liabilities and amortization of policy account balances
    ¥ 17     Life insurance costs
  
 
 
    
     17     Total before income tax
     (5 )    Income tax (expense) or benefit
  
 
 
    
   ¥ 12     Net of tax
  
 
 
    
Defined benefit pension plans
     
Amortization of prior service credit
    ¥ 336     See Note 16 “Pension Plans”
Amortization of net actuarial loss
      (46 )    See Note 16 “Pension Plans”
Amortization of transition obligation
      (1 )    See Note 16 “Pension Plans”
  
 
 
    
     289     Total before income tax
     (78 )    Income tax (expense) or benefit
  
 
 
    
   ¥ 211     Net of tax
  
 
 
    
Foreign currency translation adjustments
     
Foreign exchange contracts
    ¥ (11,329 )    Gains on sales of subsidiaries and affiliates and liquidation losses, net/Interest expense
Sales or liquidation
      126     Gains on sales of subsidiaries and affiliates and liquidation losses, net
  
 
 
    
     (11,203 )    Total before income tax
     3,472     Income tax (expense) or benefit
  
 
 
    
   ¥ (7,731 )    Net of tax
  
 
 
    
Net unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments
     
Interest rate swap agreements
    ¥ (20 )    Interest expense
Foreign currency swap agreements
      2,820     Interest expense/Other (income) and expense
  
 
 
    
     2,800     Total before income tax
     (692 )    Income tax (expense) or benefit
  
 
 
    
   ¥ 2,108     Net of tax
  
 
 
    
 
– 104 –
Table of Contents
Amounts reclassified to net income from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 are as follows:
 
    
Three months ended December 31, 2022
Details about accumulated other
comprehensive income components
   
Reclassification

adjustment included in

net income
      
  
Millions of yen
    
Consolidated statements of income caption
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investment in securities
                                                                                                      
Sales of debt securities
    ¥ 102     Gains on investment securities and dividends
Sales of debt securities
      450     Life insurance premiums and related investment income
Amortization of debt securities
      207     Finance revenues
Amortization of debt securities
      379     Life insurance premiums and related investment income
Others
      (537 )    Write-downs of securities and other
  
 
 
    
     601     Total before income tax
     (173 )    Income tax (expense) or benefit
  
 
 
    
   ¥ 428     Net of tax
  
 
 
    
Debt valuation adjustments
     
Fulfillment of policy liabilities and amortization of policy account balances
    ¥            4     Life insurance costs
  
 
 
    
     4     Total before income tax
     (1 )    Income tax (expense) or benefit
  
 
 
    
   ¥ 3     Net of tax
  
 
 
    
Defined benefit pension plans
     
Amortization of prior service credit
    ¥ 87     See Note 16 “Pension Plans”
Amortization of net actuarial loss
      (24 )    See Note 16 “Pension Plans”
Amortization of transition obligation
      (0 )    See Note 16 “Pension Plans”
  
 
 
    
     63     Total before income tax
     (16 )    Income tax (expense) or benefit
  
 
 
    
   ¥ 47     Net of tax
  
 
 
    
Foreign currency translation adjustments
     
Foreign exchange contracts
    ¥ (9,622 )    Gains on sales of subsidiaries and affiliates and liquidation losses, net/Interest expense
Sales or liquidation
      6,513     Gains on sales of subsidiaries and affiliates and liquidation losses, net
  
 
 
    
     (3,109 )    Total before income tax
     965     Income tax (expense) or benefit
  
 
 
    
   ¥ (2,144 )    Net of tax
  
 
 
    
Net unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments
     
Interest rate swap agreements
    ¥ 23     Interest expense
Foreign exchange contracts
      164     Interest expense/Other (income) and expense
Foreign currency swap agreements
      3,080     Interest expense/Other (income) and expense
  
 
 
    
     3,267     Total before income tax
     (779 )    Income tax (expense) or benefit
  
 
 
    
   ¥ 2,488     Net of tax
  
 
 
    
 
– 105 –
Table of Contents
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Three months ended December 31, 2023
Details about accumulated other
comprehensive income components
   
Reclassification

adjustment included in

net income
      
  
Millions of yen
    
Consolidated statements of income caption
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investment in securities
                                    
Sales of debt securities
    ¥           17     Gains on investment securities and dividends
Sales of debt securities
      211     Life insurance premiums and related investment income
Amortization of debt securities
      212     Finance revenues
Amortization of debt securities
      1,097     Life insurance premiums and related investment income
    
 
 
      
       1,537     Total before income tax
       (402 )    Income tax (expense) or benefit
    
 
 
      
     ¥ 1,135     Net of tax
    
 
 
      
Debt valuation adjustments
             
Fulfillment of policy liabilities and amortization of policy account balances
    ¥ 5     Life insurance costs
    
 
 
      
       5     Total before income tax
       (2 )    Income tax (expense) or benefit
    
 
 
      
     ¥ 3     Net of tax
    
 
 
      
Defined benefit pension plans
             
Amortization of prior service credit
    ¥ 111     See Note 16 “Pension Plans”
Amortization of net actuarial loss
      (14 )    See Note 16 “Pension Plans”
Amortization of transition obligation
      (0 )    See Note 16 “Pension Plans”
    
 
 
      
       97     Total before income tax
       (26 )    Income tax (expense) or benefit
    
 
 
      
     ¥ 71     Net of tax
    
 
 
      
Foreign currency translation adjustments
             
Foreign exchange contracts
    ¥ (3,693 )    Interest expense
Sales or liquidation
    ¥ 1     Gains on sales of subsidiaries and affiliates and liquidation losses, net
    
 
 
      
       (3,692 )    Total before income tax
       1,144     Income tax (expense) or benefit
    
 
 
      
     ¥ (2,548 )    Net of tax
    
 
 
      
Net unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments
             
Interest rate swap agreements
    ¥ 10     Interest expense
Foreign currency swap agreements
      (2,714 )    Interest expense/Other (income) and expense
    
 
 
      
       (2,704 )    Total before income tax
       597     Income tax (expense) or benefit
    
 
 
      
     ¥ (2,107 )    Net of tax
    
 
 
      
 
– 106 –
Table of Contents
14.
ORIX Corporation Shareholders’ Equity
Information about ORIX Corporation Shareholders’ Equity for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 are as follows:
 
(1)
Dividend payments
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Nine months ended December 31, 2022
   
Nine months ended December 31, 2023
Resolution
   
The board of directors on May 18, 2022
   
The board of directors on May 17, 2023
Type of shares
   
Common stock
   
Common stock
Total dividends paid
   
¥55,704 million
   
¥50,209 million
Dividend per share
   
¥46.60
   
¥42.80
Date of record for dividend
   
March 31, 2022
   
March 31, 2023
Effective date for dividend
   
June 3, 2022
   
June 5, 2023
Dividend resource
   
Retained earnings
   
Retained earnings
     
Resolution
    The board of directors on November 7, 2022    The board of directors on November 1, 2023
Type of shares
   
Common stock
   
Common stock
Total dividends paid
   
¥50,586 million
   
¥49,691 million
Dividend per share
   
¥42.80
   
¥42.80
Date of record for dividend
   
September 30, 2022
   
September 30, 2023
Effective date for dividend
   
December 6, 2022
   
December 7, 2023
Dividend resource
   
Retained earnings
   
Retained earnings
Total dividends paid by resolution of the board of directors on May 18, 2022 include ¥91 million of dividends paid to the Board Incentive Plan Trust for the nine months ended December 31, 2022. Total dividends paid by resolution of the board of directors on May 17, 2023 include ¥120 million of dividends paid to the Board Incentive Plan Trust for the nine months ended December 31, 2023.
Total dividends to be paid by resolution of the board of directors on November 7, 2022 include ¥122 million of dividends to be paid to the Board Incentive Plan Trust for the nine months ended December 31, 2022. Total dividends to be paid by resolution of the board of directors on November 1, 2023 include ¥120 million of dividends to be paid to the Board Incentive Plan Trust for the nine months ended December 31, 2023.
 
(2)
There were no applicable dividends for which the date of record was during the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, and for which the effective date was after December 31, 2022 and 2023, for each respective period.
 
– 107 –
Table of Contents
15.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 are as follows:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
  
Nine months ended

December 31, 2022
     
Nine months ended

December 31, 2023
  
Personnel expenses
    ¥               238,728      ¥                   258,510  
Selling expenses
      64,151        78,390  
Administrative expenses
      102,845        115,302  
Depreciation of office facilities
      6,563        6,734  
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total
    ¥ 412,287      ¥ 458,936  
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 are as follows:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
  
Three months ended

December 31, 2022
     
Three months ended

December 31, 2023
  
Personnel expenses
    ¥ 84,628      ¥                     87,327  
Selling expenses
      22,900        27,583  
Administrative expenses
      34,592        39,421  
Depreciation of office facilities
      2,213        2,340  
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total
    ¥               144,333      ¥ 156,671  
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
 
– 108 –
Table of Contents
16.
Pension Plans
The Company and certain subsidiaries have contributory and
non-contributory
pension plans covering substantially all of their employees. Those contributory funded pension plans include defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution pension plans. Under the plans, employees are entitled to
lump-sum
payments at the time of termination of their employment or pension payments. Defined benefit pension plans consist of a plan of which the amounts of such payments are determined on the basis of length of service and remuneration at the time of termination and a cash balance plan.
The Company and certain subsidiaries’ funding policy is to contribute annually the amounts actuarially determined. Assets of the plans are invested primarily in debt securities and marketable equity securities.
Net periodic pension cost for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 consists of the following:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Nine months ended

December 31, 2022
    
Nine months ended

December 31, 2023
  
Japanese plans:
                 
Service cost
    ¥                   4,290     ¥                   4,178  
Interest cost
      522       904  
Expected return on plan assets
      (2,051 )      (2,027 ) 
Amortization of prior service credit
      (19 )      (63 ) 
Amortization of net actuarial loss
      58       45  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Net periodic pension cost
    ¥ 2,800     ¥ 3,037  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
   
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Nine months ended

December 31, 2022
    
Nine months ended

December 31, 2023
  
Overseas plans:
                 
Service cost
    ¥ 2,741     ¥ 2,155  
Interest cost
      1,533       2,416  
Expected return on plan assets
      (3,561 )      (4,715 ) 
Amortization of prior service credit
      (238 )      (273 ) 
Amortization of net actuarial loss
      11       1  
Amortization of transition obligation
      1       1  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Net periodic pension cost
    ¥ 487     ¥ (415 ) 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note:       
Net periodic pension cost is charged in personnel expenses, which is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income.
 
– 109 –
Table of Contents
Net periodic pension cost for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 consists of the following:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Three months ended

December 31, 2022
    
Three months ended

December 31, 2023
  
Japanese plans:
                 
Service cost
    ¥                   1,465     ¥                   1,418  
Interest cost
      175       303  
Expected return on plan assets
      (689 )      (675 ) 
Amortization of prior service credit
      (6 )      (21 ) 
Amortization of net actuarial loss
      20       14  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Net periodic pension cost
    ¥ 965     ¥ 1,039  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
   
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Three months ended

December 31, 2022
    
Three months ended

December 31, 2023
  
Overseas plans:
                 
Service cost
    ¥ 928     ¥ 719  
Interest cost
      523       946  
Expected return on plan assets
      (1,213 )      (1,614 ) 
Amortization of prior service credit
      (81 )      (90 ) 
Amortization of net actuarial loss
      4       0  
Amortization of transition obligation
      0       0  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Net periodic pension cost
    ¥ 161     ¥ (39 ) 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note:       
Net periodic pension cost is charged in personnel expenses, which is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income.
 
– 110 –
Table of Contents
17.
Income and Expenses Relating to Life Insurance Operations
Life insurance premiums and related investment income for the nine and three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 consist of the following:
 
                                                                     
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Nine months ended
December 31, 2022
     
Nine months ended
December 31, 2023
  
Life insurance premiums
   
¥
328,308
 
   
¥
332,188
  
Life insurance related investment income*
   
 
28,009
 
   
 
61,824
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
    
¥
356,317
 
   
¥
394,012
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
 
*
Life insurance related investment income for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 include net unrealized holding a loss of ¥9,301 million and a gain of ¥23,027 million on equity securities held as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively.
 
     
                                 
      
                                 
  
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Three months ended
December 31, 2022
    
Three months ended
December 31, 2023
  
Life insurance premiums
   
¥
107,546
 
  
¥
109,405
  
Life insurance related investment income (loss)*
   
 
(14,440
) 
  
 
(1,131
) 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
    
¥
93,106
 
  
¥
108,274
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
*
Life insurance related investment income (loss) for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 include net unrealized holding a loss of ¥357 million and a gain of ¥5,647 million on equity securities held as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively.
Life insurance premiums include reinsurance benefits, net of reinsurance premiums. For the nine and three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, reinsurance benefits and reinsurance premiums included in life insurance premiums are as follows:
 
     
                                 
      
                                 
  
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Nine months ended
December 31, 2022
    
Nine months ended
December 31, 2023
  
Reinsurance benefits
   
¥
1,080
 
  
¥
1,553
 
Reinsurance premiums
   
 
(3,560
) 
  
 
(3,531
) 
   
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Three months ended
December 31, 2022
    
Three months ended
December 31, 2023
  
Reinsurance benefits
   
¥
423
 
  
¥
276
 
Reinsurance premiums
   
 
(1,170
) 
  
 
(1,158
) 
Life insurance premiums and related investment income include net realized and unrealized gains or losses from investment assets under management on behalf of variable annuity and variable life policyholders, and net gains or losses from derivative contracts, which consist of gains or losses from futures and foreign exchange contracts, entered to economically hedge a portion of the minimum guarantee risk relating to variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts. In addition, the fair value option was elected for the entire variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts to offset earnings recognized for gains or losses from the investment assets managed on behalf of variable annuity and variable life policyholders, derivative contracts and the changes in the fair value of reinsurance contracts. Life insurance costs include the net amount of the changes in fair value of the variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts for which the fair value option was elected and insurance costs recognized for insurance and annuity payouts as a result of insured events. Certain subsidiaries have elected the fair value option for certain reinsurance contracts to partially offset the changes in fair value recognized in earnings of the policy liabilities and policy account balances attributable to the changes in the minimum guarantee risks of the variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts, and the changes in the fair value of the reinsurance contracts were recorded in life insurance costs.
 
– 111 –
Table of Contents
The portion of the total change in the fair value of variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts that results from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable income taxes.
The above mentioned gains or losses relating to variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts for the nine and three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 are mainly as follows:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Nine months ended

December 31, 2022
    
Nine months ended

December 31, 2023
  
Life insurance premiums and related investment income :
                 
Net realized and unrealized gains or losses from investment assets
    ¥ (10,994 )    ¥ 21,348  
Net gains or losses from derivative contracts :
      (203 )      (2,308 ) 
Futures
      200       (1,952 ) 
Foreign exchange contracts
      (403 )      (356 ) 
     
Life insurance costs :
                 
Changes in the fair value of the policy liabilities and policy account balances
    ¥ (35,931 )    ¥ (6,128 )
Insurance costs recognized for insurance and annuity payouts as a result of insured events
                      23,179       20,556  
Changes in the fair value of the reinsurance contracts
      76       1,243  
   
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Three months ended

December 31, 2022
    
Three months ended

December 31, 2023
  
Life insurance premiums and related investment income :
                 
Net realized and unrealized gains or losses from investment assets
    ¥ 826     ¥                     5,836  
Net gains or losses from derivative contracts :
      (455 )      (337 ) 
Futures
      (652 )      (395 ) 
Foreign exchange contracts
      197       58  
     
Life insurance costs :
                 
Changes in the fair value of the policy liabilities and policy account balances
    ¥ (7,286 )    ¥ (2,401 )
Insurance costs recognized for insurance and annuity payouts as a result of insured events
      6,213       6,708  
Changes in the fair value of the reinsurance contracts
      564       237  
 
– 112 –
Table of Contents
18.
Long-Duration Insurance Contracts Relating to Life Insurance Operations
The Company and its subsidiaries adopted the modified retrospective transition approach to the liability for future policy benefits and deferred policy acquisition costs based on the balance as of April 1, 2021, the transition date, in accordance with Accounting Standards Update
2018-12
(“Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts”—ASC 944 (“Financial Services—Insurance”)).
The following table presents the effect on the liability for future policy benefits (including deferred profit liabilities) as of the transition date, using the modified retrospective transition approach.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Yen-denominated

insurance

(First Sector)
     
Yen-denominated

insurance

(Third Sector)
     
Foreign currency

denominated

insurance
    
Total
  
Balance at March 31, 2021
    ¥   610,877      ¥   493,558      ¥     48,259     ¥   1,152,694  
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Effect of change in discount rates *
      22,686        52,967        (46,716 )      28,937  
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
Balance at April 1, 2021
    ¥ 633,563      ¥ 546,525      ¥ 1,543     ¥ 1,181,631  
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
*
The impact on the liability for future policy benefits is due to the difference in the discount rates used before and after the adoption of LDTI.
The following tables present balances of and changes in the liability for future policy benefits as of and for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
March 31, 2022
  
Present value of expected net premiums
   
Yen-denominated

insurance

(First Sector)
    
Yen-denominated

insurance

(Third Sector)
    
Foreign currency

denominated

insurance
  
Balance at April 1, 2021
    ¥ 909,868     ¥ 1,377,265     ¥ 366,081  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Beginning balance at original discount rate
      843,892       1,261,182       355,835  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions
      21,353       28,690       662  
Effect of actual variances from expected experience
      2,351       1,414       (209 ) 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Adjusted beginning balance
      867,596       1,291,286       356,288  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Issuances
      82,105       86,304       77,532  
Interests
      12,490       19,412       9,263  
Net premium earned
      (96,605 )      (114,874 )      (49,290 ) 
Actual variances from cash flow assumptions
      (299 )      (652 )      (8 ) 
Derecognition
      7,285       3,901       2,610  
Effect of changes in foreign exchange rate
      0       0       41,684  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Ending balance at original discount rate
      872,572       1,285,377       438,079  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Effect of changes in discount rates
      54,338       95,576       (15,326 ) 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Balance at March 31, 2022
    ¥        926,910     ¥     1,380,953     ¥      422,753  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
– 113 –
Table of Contents
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
March 31, 2022
  
Present value of expected future policy benefits
   
Yen-denominated

insurance

(First Sector)
    
Yen-denominated

insurance

(Third Sector)
    
Foreign currency

denominated

insurance
  
Balance at April 1, 2021
    ¥ 1,526,258     ¥ 1,877,906     ¥ 366,081  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Beginning balance at original discount rate
      1,437,596       1,708,857       402,552  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions
      22,525       29,515       626  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Adjusted beginning balance
      1,460,121       1,738,372       403,178  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Issuances
      82,105       86,304       77,532  
Interests
      23,867       27,677       11,125  
Insurance claims paid
      (42,897 )      (65,052 )      (1,631 ) 
Actual variances from cash flow assumptions
      (12,698 )      (6,083 )      (329 ) 
Derecognition
      24,520       12,773       2,533  
Effect of changes in foreign exchange rate
      0       0       51,096  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Ending balance at original discount rate
      1,535,018       1,793,991       543,504  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Effect of changes in discount rates
      56,250       128,012       (106,040 ) 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Balance at March 31, 2022
    ¥     1,591,268     ¥     1,922,003     ¥      437,464  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Net liability for future policy benefits
    ¥ 664,358     ¥ 541,050     ¥ 14,711  
Deferred profit liabilities
      26,173       54,801       7,573  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Subtotal
      690,531       595,851       22,284  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Less: Reinsurance recoverable
      210       0       0  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
The liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable
    ¥ 690,321     ¥ 595,851     ¥ 22,284  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
The following table provides the breakdown of the policy liabilities and policy account balances recorded in the consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2022:
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
March 31, 2022
  
Yen-denominated
insurance (First Sector)
    ¥ 690,321  
Yen-denominated
insurance (Third Sector)
      595,851  
Foreign currency denominated insurance
      22,284  
    
 
 
  
Subtotal
      1,308,456  
    
 
 
  
Policy account balances for variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts and market risk benefits
      198,905  
Fixed annuities and annuitization benefits
      193,322  
Others*
      212,015  
    
 
 
  
Total
    ¥     1,912,698  
    
 
 
  
 
*
Others include unearned premiums and liabilities for unpaid claims.
 
– 114 –
Table of Contents
The following tables present balances of and changes in the liability for future policy benefits as of and for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023 and for the nine months ended December 31, 2023.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
Millions of yen
  
   
March 31, 2023
    
December 31, 2023
  
Present value of expected net premiums
  
Yen-denominated

insurance

(First Sector)
    
Yen-denominated

insurance

(Third Sector)
    
Foreign

currency

denominated
insurance
    
Yen-denominated

insurance

(First Sector)
    
Yen-denominated

insurance

(Third Sector)
    
Foreign

currency

denominated
insurance
  
Beginning balance
   ¥    926,910     ¥ 1,380,953     ¥ 422,753     ¥ 894,537     ¥   1,389,063     ¥ 374,951  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Beginning balance at original discount rate
     872,572       1,285,377       438,079       865,333       1,338,398       409,847  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions
     126       48,389       (6,975 )      0       0       0  
Effect of actual variances from expected experience
     2,495       22,851       (1,957 )      0       0       0  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Adjusted beginning balance
     875,193       1,356,617        429,147        865,333       1,338,398       409,847  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Issuances
     76,519       83,982       22,660       56,800       41,433       31,754  
Interests
     11,715       18,762       10,966       8,202       13,920       8,961  
Net premium earned
     (101,554 )      (117,670 )      (60,198 )      (71,409 )      (88,975 )      (47,295 ) 
Actual variances from cash flow assumptions
     (385 )      (710 )      (1,274 )      (392 )      (661 )      (982 ) 
Derecognition
     3,845       (2,583 )      (33,441 )      2,183       (4,226 )      (24,426 ) 
Effect of changes in foreign exchange rate
     0       0       41,987       0       0       26,588  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Ending balance at original discount rate
     865,333       1,338,398       409,847       860,717       1,299,889       404,447  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Effect of changes in discount rates
     29,204       50,665       (34,896 )      17,744       24,164       (29,801 ) 
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Ending balance
   ¥ 894,537     ¥ 1,389,063     ¥ 374,951     ¥ 878,461     ¥ 1,324,053     ¥ 374,646  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
– 115 –
Table of Contents
   
Millions of yen
  
   
March 31, 2023
    
December 31, 2023
  
Present value of expected future policy
benefits
  
Yen-denominated

insurance

(First Sector)
    
Yen-denominated

insurance

(Third Sector)
    
Foreign

currency

denominated

insurance
    
Yen-denominated

insurance

(First Sector)
    
Yen-denominated

insurance

(Third Sector)
    
Foreign

currency

denominated

insurance
  
Beginning balance
   ¥ 1,591,268     ¥ 1,922,003     ¥ 437,464     ¥ 1,571,886     ¥ 1,918,462     ¥ 387,073  
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Beginning balance at original discount rate
     1,535,018       1,793,991       543,504       1,598,009       1,887,744       573,616  
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions
     1,506       53,098       (6,296 )      0       0       0  
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Adjusted beginning balance
     1,536,524       1,847,089       537,208       1,598,009       1,887,744       573,616  
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Issuances
     76,519       83,982       22,660       56,800       41,433       31,754  
Interests
     24,023       27,839       14,552       17,989       21,138       12,731  
Insurance claims paid
     (45,075 )      (96,364 )      (13,370 )      (37,257 )      (53,229 )      (13,247 ) 
Actual variances from cash flow assumptions
     (12,376 )      20,178       9,002       (10,522 )      (5,234 )      8,484  
Derecognition
     18,394       5,020       (47,189 )      13,955       1,216       (36,967 ) 
Effect of changes in foreign exchange rate
     0       0       50,753       0       0       36,347  
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Ending balance at original discount rate
     1,598,009       1,887,744       573,616       1,638,974       1,893,068       612,718  
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Effect of changes in discount rates
     (26,123 )      30,718       (186,543 )      (79,788 )      (36,446 )      (184,564 ) 
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Ending balance
   ¥ 1,571,886     ¥ 1,918,462     ¥ 387,073     ¥ 1,559,186     ¥ 1,856,622     ¥ 428,154  
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Net liability for future policy benefits
   ¥ 677,349     ¥ 529,399     ¥ 12,122     ¥ 680,725     ¥ 532,569     ¥ 53,508  
Deferred profit liabilities
     35,770       61,668       15,578       42,565       68,462       22,601  
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Subtotal
     713,119       591,067       27,700       723,290       601,031       76,109  
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Less: Reinsurance recoverable
     215       0       0       132       0       0  
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
The liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable
   ¥ 712,904     ¥ 591,067     ¥ 27,700     ¥ 723,158     ¥ 601,031     ¥ 76,109  
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
The following tables provide the breakdown of the policy liabilities and policy account balances recorded in the consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023:
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
March 31, 2023
     
December 31, 2023
  
Yen-denominated
insurance (First Sector)
    ¥ 712,904      ¥ 723,158  
Yen-denominated
insurance (Third Sector)
      591,067        601,031  
Foreign currency denominated insurance
      27,700        76,109  
  
 
 
     
 
 
  
Subtotal
      1,331,671        1,400,298  
  
 
 
     
 
 
  
Policy account balances for variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts and market risk benefits
      163,734        157,813  
Fixed annuities and annuitization benefits
      158,952        144,710  
Others*
      177,700        155,672  
  
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total
    ¥ 1,832,057      ¥ 1,858,493  
  
 
 
     
 
 
  
 
*
Others include unearned premiums and liabilities for unpaid claims.
 
– 116 –
Table of Contents
The amount of undiscounted and discounted expected future gross premiums and expected future policy benefits and expenses as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023 are as follows:
 
                                                                   
    
Millions of yen
  
  
March 31, 2023
     
December 31, 2023
  
  
Undiscounted
     
Discounted
     
Undiscounted
     
Discounted
  
Yen-denominated
insurance (First Sector)
            
Expected future gross premiums
   
¥
1,538,107
 
   
¥
1,429,503
 
   
¥
1,526,792
 
   
¥
1,402,791
 
Expected future policy benefits and expenses
   
 
2,291,205
 
   
 
1,571,886
 
   
 
2,345,988
 
   
 
1,559,186
 
  
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Yen-denominated
insurance (Third Sector)
            
Expected future gross premiums
   
 
2,695,239
 
   
 
2,388,386
 
   
 
2,623,016
 
   
 
2,282,350
 
Expected future policy benefits and expenses
   
 
2,578,630
 
   
 
1,918,462
 
   
 
2,582,551
 
   
 
1,856,622
 
  
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Foreign currency denominated insurance
            
Expected future gross premiums
   
 
626,411
 
   
 
492,588
 
   
 
641,581
 
   
 
506,745
 
Expected future policy benefits and expenses
   
 
1,097,567
 
   
 
387,073
 
   
 
1,198,652
 
   
 
428,154
 
  
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023 and the nine months ended December 31, 2023, the effects of net premium exceeding gross premiums in certain cohorts are immaterial in earnings for the respective periods.
The amounts of gross premiums and interest expense recognized in the consolidated statement of income for the nine and three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 are as follows:
 
                                                                   
    
Millions of yen
  
  
Nine months ended
December 31, 2022
     
Nine months ended
December 31, 2023
  
  
Gross premiums
     
Interest expense
     
Gross premiums
     
Interest expense
  
Yen-denominated
insurance (First Sector)
   
¥
111,457
 
   
¥
9,146
 
   
¥
114,721
 
   
¥
9,787
 
Yen-denominated
insurance (Third Sector)
   
 
154,992
 
   
 
6,775
 
   
 
153,508
 
   
 
7,218
 
Foreign currency denominated insurance
   
 
60,849
 
   
 
2,607
 
   
 
62,781
 
   
 
3,770
 
  
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total
   
¥
327,298
 
   
¥
18,528
 
   
¥
331,010
 
   
¥
20,775
 
  
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
    
Millions of yen
  
  
Three months ended
December 31, 2022
     
Three months ended
December 31, 2023
  
  
Gross premiums
     
Interest expense
     
Gross premiums
     
Interest expense
  
Yen-denominated
insurance (First Sector)
   
¥
38,074
 
   
¥
3,099
 
   
¥
40,019
 
   
¥
3,303
 
Yen-denominated
insurance (Third Sector)
   
 
51,678
 
   
 
2,310
 
   
 
50,774
 
   
 
2,455
 
Foreign currency denominated insurance
   
 
17,376
 
   
 
983
 
   
 
18,493
 
   
 
1,389
 
  
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total
   
¥
107,128
 
   
¥
6,392
 
   
¥
109,286
 
   
¥
7,147
 
  
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
The weighted average discount rates for the liability for future policy benefits as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023 are as follows:
 
    
Weighted average rate
  
  
March 31, 2023
    
December 31, 2023
  
Yen-denominated
insurance (First Sector)
     
Weighted average of the original discount rates
      1.6 %      1.7 % 
Weighted average of the current discount rates
      1.9       2.1  
  
 
 
    
 
 
  
Yen-denominated
insurance (Third Sector)
     
Weighted average of the original discount rates
      1.7       1.7  
Weighted average of the current discount rates
      1.8       2.0  
  
 
 
    
 
 
  
Foreign currency denominated insurance
     
Weighted average of the original discount rates
      2.9       3.1  
Weighted average of the current discount rates
            5.2             5.2  
  
 
 
    
 
 
  
The weighted average duration of the liability for future policy benefit as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023 are as follows:
 
    
Years
  
  
March 31, 2023
    
December 31, 2023
  
Yen-denominated
insurance (First Sector)
      37.9           36.7      
Yen-denominated
insurance (Third Sector)
      36.8       35.2  
Foreign currency denominated insurance
          40.7           37.8  
  
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
– 117 –
Table of Contents
Assumptions for calculating the liability for future policy benefits include assumptions related to mortality, morbidity, lapse rates and discount rates. The Company and its subsidiaries recognized actual variances from expected experience and updated the assumptions during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023 as follows. For the nine months ended December 31, 2023, the Company and its subsidiaries continued to use the same assumptions.
 
  •  
Yen-denominated
insurance (First Sector)
The Company and its subsidiaries reviewed actual experience during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023. As a result, the Company and its subsidiaries updated expected mortality and lapse rates due to the lower-than-expected mortality and lapse rates.
 
  •  
Yen-denominated
insurance (Third Sector)
The Company and its subsidiaries reviewed actual experience during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023. As a result, the Company and its subsidiaries updated expected mortality and lapse rates due to the higher-than-expected mortality and the lower-than-expected lapse rate. The actual morbidity was higher than expected due to the impact of a significant amount of hospitalization benefits for deemed hospitalization caused by
COVID-19.
However, the relevant morbidity assumptions were not updated because benefits arising from such hospitalization benefits are not eligible for claim after reclassification of the legal category of
COVID-19
by Japanese government.
 
  •  
Foreign currency denominated insurance
The Company and its subsidiaries reviewed actual experience during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023. As a result, the Company and its subsidiaries updated expected mortality and lapse rates due to lower-than-expected mortality and higher-than-expected lapse rate.
The market data underlying the discount rate was updated quarterly for both the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023 and for the nine months ended December 31, 2023.
For the effect of the changes in assumptions on expected net premiums and expected future policy benefits, see “Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions” and “Effect of changes in discount rates” in the tables that represent balances of and changes in the liability for future policy benefits.
The following tables present balances of and changes in the deferred policy acquisition costs as of and for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023 and for the nine months ended December 31, 2023:
 
                                                                                                                                       
   
Millions of yen
  
   
March 31, 2023
    
December 31, 2023
  
   
Yen-denominated

insurance
(First Sector)
    
Yen-denominated


insurance
(Third Sector)
    
Foreign
currency
denominated
insurance
    
Total
    
Yen-denominated

insurance
(First Sector)
    
Yen-denominated

insurance
(Third Sector)
    
Foreign
currency
denominated
insurance
    
Total
  
Beginning balance
  
¥
74,676
 
  
¥
159,041
 
  
¥
35,243
 
  
¥
268,960
 
  
¥
77,957
 
  
¥
166,696
 
  
¥
42,726
 
  
¥
287,379
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Capitalization
  
 
8,682
 
  
 
16,795
 
  
 
5,725
 
  
 
31,202
 
  
 
6,709
 
  
 
10,099
 
  
 
5,252
 
  
 
22,060
 
Amortization
  
 
(5,401
) 
  
 
(9,140
) 
  
 
(1,779
) 
  
 
(16,320
) 
  
 
(4,393
) 
  
 
(7,474
) 
  
 
(1,691
) 
  
 
(13,558
) 
Effect of changes in foreign exchange rate
  
 
0
 
  
 
0
 
  
 
3,537
 
  
 
3,537
 
  
 
0
 
  
 
0
 
  
 
2,828
 
  
 
2,828
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Ending balance
  
¥
77,957
 
  
¥
166,696
 
  
¥
42,726
 
  
¥
287,379
 
  
¥
80,273
 
  
¥
169,321
 
  
¥
49,115
 
  
¥
298,709
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Deferred policy acquisition costs are amortized over the expected term of the policies on a constant-level basis. The assumptions used for the amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs are consistent with the assumptions for the liability for future policy benefits. The underlying assumptions for deferred policy acquisition costs and the liability for future policy benefits are updated at the same time. In addition, deferred policy acquisition costs are included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
 
– 118 –
Table of Contents
The following table presents policyholder account balances for fixed annuity and annuitization benefits by range of minimum guaranteed interest rates as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023.
 
                                 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
March 31, 2023
     
December 31, 2023
  
Range of minimum guaranteed interest rates
   
Minimum guarantees
     
Minimum guarantees
  
0.00% – less than 1.50%
   
¥
152,259
 
   
¥
137,669
 
1.50% – less than 2.50%
   
 
6,644
 
   
 
7,041
 
2.50% or more
   
 
49
 
   
 
0
 
  
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total
   
¥
158,952
 
   
¥
144,710
 
  
 
 
     
 
 
  
There are no contracts with interest rates that exceed the minimum guaranteed interest rates.
The following table provides information about fixed annuity and annuitization benefits for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023 and for the nine months ended December 31, 2023.
 
                                 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
     March 31, 2023     
    
  December 31, 2023  
  
Beginning balance
   
¥
193,322
 
  
¥
158,952
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
  
Transfer in
   
 
17,223
 
  
 
8,172
 
Surrenders and partial surrenders
   
 
(58
) 
  
 
(47
) 
Benefit payments and lump sum payments, etc.
   
 
(50,956
) 
  
 
(22,726
) 
Policy charges
   
 
(262
) 
  
 
(167
) 
Transfer out
   
 
(409
) 
  
 
(238
) 
Interests
   
 
1,209
 
  
 
778
 
Others
   
 
(1,117
) 
  
 
(14
) 
  
 
 
    
 
 
  
Ending balance
   
¥
158,952
 
  
¥
144,710
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
  
    
March 31, 2023
    
December 31, 2023
  
Weighted average guaranteed interest rate (%)
   
 
0.7
 
  
 
0.7
 
Benefits in excess of policyholder account balances (Millions of yen)
   
¥
1
 
  
¥
1
 
Cash surrender value (Millions of yen)
   
 
152,578
 
  
 
138,580
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
– 119 –
Table of Contents
The following table provides information about policy account balances for variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts and market risk benefits as of and for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, and for the nine months ended December 31, 2023:
 
                                               
    
Millions of yen
  
    
March 31, 2023
    
December 31, 2023
  
Beginning balance
   
¥
198,905
 
  
¥
163,734
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Effect of changes other than through net income and other comprehensive income
   
 
(28,754
) 
  
 
(20,556
)
Surrenders and withdrawals
   
 
(4,083
) 
  
 
(5,848
)
Transfer in
   
 
(14,093
) 
  
 
(6,361
) 
Benefit payments
   
 
(10,762
) 
  
 
(8,309
) 
Others
   
 
184
 
  
 
(38
) 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Changes through net income
   
 
(6,343
) 
  
 
14,428
 
     
Effect of changes in fair value of corresponding investment assets
   
 
(2,347
) 
  
 
21,381
 
     
Fee income
   
 
(3,938
) 
  
 
(2,806
) 
Effect of changes in fair value of market risk benefits
   
 
(58
) 
  
 
(4,147
) 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Changes through other comprehensive income
   
 
(74
) 
  
 
207
 
Effect of changes in the instrument-specific credit risk
   
 
(74
) 
  
 
207
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Ending balance
   
¥
163,734
 
  
¥
157,813
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
   
    
Millions of yen
  
    
March 31, 2023
    
December 31, 2023
  
Policyholder account balances
   
¥
157,399
 
  
¥
155,417
 
Market risk benefits
   
 
6,335
 
  
 
2,396
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total
   
¥
163,734
 
  
¥
157,813
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
19.
Write-Downs of Long-Lived Assets
The Company and its subsidiaries perform tests for recoverability on long-lived assets classified as held and used for which events or changes in circumstances indicated that the assets might be impaired. The Company and its subsidiaries consider an asset’s carrying amount as not recoverable when such carrying amount exceeds the undiscounted future cash flows estimated to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. The net carrying amount of assets not recoverable is reduced to fair value if lower than the carrying amount.
As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, the long-lived assets classified as held for sale in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets are as follows.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
  
As of March 31, 2023
     
As of December 31, 2023
  
Investment in operating leases
    ¥            13,104      ¥            19,256  
Property under facility operations
      10        0  
Office facilities
      55        0  
Other assets
      0        2,177  
The long-lived assets classified as held for sale as of March 31, 2023 are included in Corporate Financial Services and Maintenance Leasing segment, Real Estate segment, Environment and Energy segment, Aircraft and Ships segment and ORIX USA segment. The long-lived assets classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2023 are included in Real Estate segment, Aircraft and Ships segment and ORIX USA segment.
The Company and its subsidiaries determine the fair value using appraisals prepared by independent third party appraisers or our own staff of qualified appraisers, and others
 
based on recent transactions involving sales of similar assets or other valuation techniques such as discounted cash flows methodologies using future cash flows estimated to be generated from operation of the existing assets or completion of development projects, as appropriate.
 
– 120 –
Table of Contents
For the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Company and its subsidiaries recognized impairment losses for the difference between carrying amounts and fair values in the amount of ¥1,807 million and ¥643 million, respectively, which are reflected as write-downs of long-lived assets. Breakdowns of these amounts are as follows.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Nine months ended

December 31, 2022
     
Nine months ended

December 31, 2023
  
  
Amount

(Millions of yen)
     
The number of
properties
     
Amount

(Millions of yen)
     
The number of

properties
  
Write-downs of the assets held for sale:
                                    
Condominiums
    ¥                         0                                0      ¥ 0                                1  
Others*
      75        —                                  20        —    
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total
    ¥ 75        —        ¥ 20        —    
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
     
    
Nine months ended

December 31, 2022
     
Nine months ended

December 31, 2023
  
  
Amount

(Millions of yen)
     
The number of

properties
     
Amount

(Millions of yen)
     
The number of

properties
  
Write-downs due to decline in estimated future cash flows:
                                    
Office buildings
    ¥ 1,535        2      ¥ 0        0  
Commercial facilities other than office buildings
      51        2        439        2  
Condominiums
      3        3        8        2  
Others*
      143        —          176        —    
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total
    ¥ 1,732        —        ¥ 623        —    
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  

*
For “Others,” the number of properties is omitted.
 
Losses of ¥1,709 million in Real Estate segment, ¥39 million in PE Investment and Concession segment, ¥58 million in Environment and Energy segment and ¥1 million in Asia and Australia segment were recorded for the nine months ended December 31, 2022. Losses of ¥51 million in Corporate Financial Services and Maintenance Leasing segment, ¥447 million in Real Estate segment
,
¥34 million in PE Investment and Concession segment, ¥28 million in Environment and Energy segment and ¥83 million in Asia and Australia segment were recorded for the nine months ended December 31, 2023.
For the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Company and its subsidiaries recognized impairment losses for the difference between carrying amounts and fair values in the amount of ¥1,554 million and ¥105 million, respectively, which are reflected as write-downs of long-lived assets. Breakdowns of these amounts are as follows.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Three months ended

December 31, 2022
     
Three months ended

December 31, 2023
  
  
Amount

(Millions of yen)
     
The number of

properties
     
Amount

(Millions of yen)
     
The number of

properties
  
Write-downs of the assets held for sale:
                                    
Others*
    ¥ 19        —        ¥ 12        —    
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total
    ¥ 19        —        ¥ 12        —    
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
     
    
Three months ended

December 31, 2022
     
Three months ended

December 31, 2023
  
  
Amount

(Millions of yen)
     
The number of

properties
     
Amount

(Millions of yen)
     
The number of

properties
  
Write-downs due to decline in estimated future cash flows:
                                    
Office buildings
    ¥ 1,535                                2      ¥ 0        0  
Condominiums
      0        0        7        1  
Others*
      0        —          86        —    
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total
    ¥ 1,535        —        ¥ 93        —    
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  

*
For “Others,” the number of properties is omitted.
Losses of ¥1,535 million in Real Estate segment,
¥
19 million in Environment and Energy segment were recorded for the three months ended December 31, 2022. Losses of ¥15 million in Corporate Financial Services and Maintenance Leasing segment, ¥7 million in Real Estate segment and ¥83 million in Asia and Australia segment were recorded for the three months ended December 31, 2023.
 
– 121 –
Table of Contents
20.
Per Share Data
Reconciliation of the differences between basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) in the nine and three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 is as follows:
During the nine and three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, there was no stock compensation which was antidilutive.

                                               
    
Millions of yen
  
  
Nine months ended
December 31, 2022
     
Nine months ended
December 31, 2023
  
Net Income attributable to ORIX Corporation shareholders
   
¥
211,920
 
   
¥
219,205
 
Adjustment to Net Income
   
 
0
 
   
 
(1
) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income used to calculate basic earnings per share
   
 
211,920
 
   
 
219,204
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adjustment to Net Income
   
 
0
 
   
 
1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income used to calculate diluted earnings per share
   
¥
211,920
 
   
¥
219,205
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
   
    
Millions of yen
  
  
Three months ended
December 31, 2022
     
Three months ended
December 31, 2023
  
Net Income attributable to ORIX Corporation shareholders
   
¥
89,610
 
   
¥
91,105
 
Adjustment to Net Income
   
 
0
 
   
 
(1
) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income used to calculate basic earnings per share
   
 
89,610
 
   
 
91,104
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adjustment to Net Income
   
 
0
 
   
 
1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income used to calculate diluted earnings per share
   
¥
89,610
 
   
¥
91,105
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
   
    
Thousands of Shares
  
  
Nine months ended
December 31, 2022
     
Nine months ended
December 31, 2023
  
Weighted-average shares
   
 
1,183,372
 
   
 
1,161,753
 
Effect of dilutive securities —
                  
Stock compensation
   
 
1,488
 
   
 
1,842
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
Weighted-average shares for diluted EPS computation
   
 
1,184,860
 
   
 
1,163,595
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
   
    
Thousands of Shares
  
  
Three months ended
December 31, 2022
     
Three months ended
December 31, 2023
  
Weighted-average shares
   
 
1,174,396
 
   
 
1,154,484
 
Effect of dilutive securities —
                  
Stock compensation
   
 
1,572
 
   
 
1,965
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
Weighted-average shares for diluted EPS computation
   
 
1,175,968
 
   
 
1,156,449
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
   
    
Yen
  
  
Nine months ended
December 31, 2022
     
Nine months ended
December 31, 2023
  
Earnings per share for net income attributable to ORIX Corporation shareholders:
                  
Basic
   
¥
179.08
 
   
¥
188.68
 
Diluted
   
 
178.86
 
   
 
188.39
 
   
    
Yen
  
  
Three months ended
December 31, 2022
     
Three months ended
December 31, 2023
  
Earnings per share for net income attributable to ORIX Corporation shareholders:
                  
Basic
   
¥
76.30
 
   
¥
78.91
 
Diluted
   
 
76.20
 
   
 
78.78
 
 
Notes: 1.
 
The Company’s shares held through the Board Incentive Plan Trust are included in the number of treasury stock to be deducted in calculation of the weighted-average shares for EPS computation. (2,405,482 and 2,800,866 shares for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, 2,849,782 and 2,800,866 shares for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023)
2.
  
LDTI standard has been adopted since April 1, 2023, with the transition date of April 1, 2021, using the modified retrospective transition approach. For further information, see Note 2 “Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies (z) New accounting pronouncements.”
 
– 122 –
Table of Contents
21.
Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging
Risk management policy
The Company and its subsidiaries manage interest rate risk through asset-liability management (“ALM”). The Company and its subsidiaries use derivative financial instruments to hedge interest rate risk and avoid changes in interest rates that could have a significant adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations. As a result of interest rate changes, the fair value and/or cash flow of interest sensitive assets and liabilities will fluctuate. However, such fluctuation will generally be offset by using derivative financial instruments as hedging instruments. Derivative financial instruments that the Company and its subsidiaries use as part of the interest risk management include interest rate swaps.
The Company and its subsidiaries utilize foreign currency borrowings, foreign exchange contracts and foreign currency swap agreements to hedge exchange rate risk that are associated with certain transactions and investments denominated in foreign currencies. Similarly, overseas subsidiaries generally structure their liabilities to match the currency-denomination of assets in each region. A certain subsidiary holds futures and foreign exchange contracts for the purpose of economic hedges against minimum guarantee risk of variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts.
By using derivative instruments, the Company and its subsidiaries are exposed to credit risk in the event of nonperformance by counterparties. The Company and its subsidiaries attempt to manage the credit risk by carefully evaluating the content of transactions and the quality of counterparties in advance and regularly monitoring the amount of notional principal, fair value, type of transaction and other factors pertaining to each counterparty.
The Company and its subsidiaries have no derivative instruments with credit-risk-related contingent features as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023.
(a) Cash flow hedges
The Company and its subsidiaries designate interest rate swap agreements, foreign currency swap agreements and foreign exchange contracts as cash flow hedges for variability of cash flows originating from floating rate borrowings and forecasted transactions and for exchange fluctuations.
(b) Fair value hedges
The Company and its subsidiaries use financial instruments designated as fair value hedges to hedge their exposure to interest rate risk and foreign currency exchange risk. A certain subsidiary designates foreign exchange contracts to minimize foreign currency exposures on bonds in foreign currencies in the insurance business. The subsidiary also uses interest rate swap agreements to hedge interest rate exposure of the fair values of bonds in foreign currencies in the insurance business.
(c) Hedges of net investment in foreign operations
The Company and its subsidiaries use foreign exchange contracts and borrowings and bonds denominated in foreign currencies to hedge the foreign currency exposure of the net investment in overseas subsidiaries and affiliates.
(d) Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
The Company and its subsidiaries entered into interest rate swap agreements, futures and foreign exchange contracts for risk management purposes which are not qualified for hedge accounting. A certain subsidiary holds futures and foreign exchange contracts for the purpose of economic hedges against minimum guarantee risk of variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts.
 
– 123 –
Table of Contents
The effect of derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of income,
pre-tax,
for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 is as follows.
(1) Cash flow hedges
 
     
                                                 
      
                                                 
      
                                                 
  
    
Millions of yen
  
  
Gains (losses) recognized
in other comprehensive
income on derivative
    
Gains (losses) reclassified from
other comprehensive income (loss) into income
  
 
Interest expense
    
Other (income) and
expense
  
Interest rate swap agreements
   
¥
27,068
 
  
¥
134
 
  
¥
0
 
Foreign exchange contracts
   
 
(177
) 
  
 
(896
) 
  
 
896
 
Foreign currency swap agreements
   
 
1,385
 
  
 
563
 
  
 
(2,079
) 
(2) Fair value hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
  
Gains (losses) recognized in income
on derivative and other
    
Gains (losses) recognized in income
on hedged item
  
  
Life insurance premiums
and related investment
income
    
Other (income) and
expense
    
Life insurance premiums
and related investment
income
    
Other (income) and
expense
  
Interest rate swap agreements
    ¥ 2,934     ¥ 0     ¥ (2,815 )    ¥ 0  
Foreign exchange contracts
      (39,442 )      (231 )      39,513       178  
(3) Hedges of net investment in foreign operations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
  
Gains (losses) recognized
in other comprehensive
income on derivative
and others
    
Gains (losses) reclassified from
other comprehensive income (loss) into income
  
 
Gains on sales of
subsidiaries and affiliates
and liquidation losses, net
    
Interest expense
     
Other (income) and
expense
  
Foreign exchange contracts
    ¥ (13,498 )    ¥ (7,309 )    ¥ 4,218      ¥ (252 ) 
Borrowings and bonds in foreign currencies
      (60,048 )      0       0        0  
(4) Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
 
     
                                                 
      
                                                 
      
                                                 
  
    
Millions of yen
  
  
Gains (losses) recognized in income on derivative
  
  
Life insurance premiums and
related investment income*
     
Interest expense
     
Other (income) and
expense
  
Interest rate swap agreements
   
¥
0
 
   
¥
4
 
   
¥
(209
) 
Futures
   
 
200
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
(2,455
) 
Foreign exchange contracts
   
 
18,223
 
   
 
3,075
 
   
 
45,954
 
Credit derivatives written
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
4
 
Options held/written and other
   
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
   
 
2,021
 

*
Futures and foreign exchange contracts in the above table include gains (losses) arising from futures and foreign exchange contracts held to economically hedge the minimum guarantee risk of variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 (see Note 17 “Income and Expenses Relating to Life Insurance Operations”).
 
– 124 –
Table of Contents
The effect of derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of income,
pre-tax,
for the nine months ended December 31, 2023 is as follows.
(1) Cash flow hedges
 
                                                                                                                                                                         
    
Millions of yen
  
  
Gains (losses) recognized
in other comprehensive
income on derivative
    
Gains (losses) reclassified from
other comprehensive income (loss) into income
  
 
Interest expense
     
Other (income) and
expense
  
Interest rate swap agreements
   
¥
(2,029
)
  
¥
20
 
   
¥
0
 
Foreign exchange contracts
   
 
84
 
  
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
Foreign currency swap agreements
   
 
1,824
 
  
 
1,495
 
   
 
(4,315
) 
Options held/written and other
   
 
(760
) 
  
 
0
 
   
 
0
 
(2) Fair value hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
  
Gains (losses) recognized in income
on derivative and other
     
Gains (losses) recognized in income
on hedged item
  
  
Life insurance premiums
and related investment
income
    
Other (income) and
expense
     
Life insurance premiums
and related investment
income
     
Other (income) and
expense
  
Interest rate swap agreements
    ¥ (257 )    ¥ 0      ¥ 393      ¥ (3 ) 
Foreign exchange contracts
      (30,985 )      5        30,952        0  
(3) Hedges of net investment in foreign operations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
  
Gains (losses) recognized
in other comprehensive
income on derivative
and others
    
Gains (losses) reclassified from
other comprehensive income (loss) into income
  
 
Gains on sales of
subsidiaries and affiliates
and liquidation losses, net
    
Interest expense
  
Foreign exchange contracts
    ¥ (27,453 )    ¥ (69 )    ¥ 11,260  
Borrowings and bonds in foreign currencies
      (48,304 )      0       0  
(4) Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
 
     
                                                 
      
                                                 
      
                                                 
  
    
Millions of yen
  
  
Gains (losses) recognized in income on derivative
  
  
Life insurance premiums and
related investment income*
    
Interest expense
     
Other (income) and
expense
  
Interest rate swap agreements
   
¥
0
 
  
¥
3
 
   
¥
(38
) 
Futures
   
 
(1,952
)
 
  
 
0
 
   
 
309
 
Foreign exchange contracts
   
 
20,403
 
  
 
1,554
 
   
 
12,772
 
Credit derivatives held/written
   
 
0
 
  
 
0
 
   
 
22
 
Options held/written and other
   
 
0
 
  
 
0
 
   
 
1,096
 

*
Futures and foreign exchange contracts in the above table include gains (losses) arising from futures and foreign exchange contracts to economically hedge the minimum guarantee risk of variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts for the nine months ended December 31, 2023 (see Note 17 “Income and Expenses Relating to Life Insurance Operations”).
 
– 125 –
Table of Contents
The effect of derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of income,
pre-tax,
for the three months ended December 31, 2022 is as follows.
(1) Cash flow hedges
 
     
                                                 
      
                                                 
      
                                                 
  
    
Millions of yen
  
  
Gains (losses) recognized
in other comprehensive
income on derivative
    
Gains (losses) reclassified from
other comprehensive income (loss) into income
  
 
Interest expense
    
Other (income) and
expense
  
Interest rate swap agreements
   
¥
4,562
 
  
¥
(23
) 
  
¥
0
 
Foreign exchange contracts
   
 
(5
) 
  
 
(913
) 
  
 
749
 
Foreign currency swap agreements
   
 
1,930
 
  
 
261
 
  
 
(3,341
) 
(2) Fair value hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
  
Gains (losses) recognized in income
on derivative and other
     
Gains (losses) recognized in income

on hedged item
  
  
Life insurance premiums
and related investment
income
    
Other (income) and
expense
     
Life insurance premiums
and related investment
income
    
Other (income) and
expense
  
Interest rate swap agreements
    ¥ (239 )    ¥ 0      ¥ 243     ¥ 0  
Foreign exchange contracts
      39,225       218        (39,304 )      (221 ) 
(3) Hedges of net investment in foreign operations
 
     
                                                 
      
                                                 
      
                                                 
  
    
Millions of yen
  
  
Gains (losses) recognized
in other comprehensive
income on derivative
and others
     
Gains (losses) reclassified
from other comprehensive income (loss) into income
  
  
Gains on sales of
subsidiaries and affiliates
and liquidation losses, net
    
Interest expense
  
Foreign exchange contracts
   
¥
11,097
 
   
¥
(7,360
) 
  
¥
2,262 
 
Borrowings and bonds in foreign currencies
   
 
62,691
 
   
 
0
 
  
 
0 
 
(4) Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
 
     
                                                 
      
                                                 
      
                                                 
  
    
Millions of yen
  
  
Gains (losses) recognized in income on derivative
  
  
Life insurance premiums and
related investment income*
    
Interest expense
     
Other (income) and
expense
  
Interest rate swap agreements
   
¥
0
 
  
¥
1
 
   
¥
(70
) 
Futures
   
 
(652
) 
  
 
0
 
   
 
1,650
 
Foreign exchange contracts
   
 
(16,249
) 
  
 
1,125
 
   
 
(5,635
) 
Options held/written and other
   
 
0
 
  
 
0
 
   
 
2,907
 

*
Futures and foreign exchange contracts in the above table include gains (losses) arising from futures and foreign exchange contracts held to economically hedge the minimum guarantee risk of variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts for the three months ended December 31, 2022 (see Note 17 “Income and Expenses Relating to Life Insurance Operations”).
 
– 126 –
Table of Contents
The effect of derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of income,
pre-tax,
for the three months ended December 31, 2023 is as follows.
(1) Cash flow hedges
 
     
                                                 
      
                                                 
      
                                                 
  
    
Millions of yen
  
  
Gains (losses) recognized
in other comprehensive
income on derivative
    
Gains (losses) reclassified from
other comprehensive income (loss) into income
  
 
Interest expense
    
Other (income) and
expense
  
Interest rate swap agreements
   
¥
(6,040
)
  
¥
(10
) 
  
¥
0
 
Foreign exchange contracts
   
 
(86
) 
  
 
0
 
  
 
0
 
Foreign currency swap agreements
   
 
(3,528
) 
  
 
494
 
  
 
2,220
 
Options held/written and other
   
 
78
 
  
 
0
 
  
 
0
 
(2) Fair value hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
  
Gains (losses) recognized in income
on derivative and other
     
Gains (losses) recognized in income
on hedged item
  
  
Life insurance premiums
and related investment
income
    
Other (income) and
expense
     
Life insurance premiums
and related investment
income
    
Other (income) and
expense
  
Interest rate swap agreements
    ¥ (628 )    ¥ 0      ¥ 620     ¥ (14 ) 
Foreign exchange contracts
      24,262       106        (24,349 )      (48 ) 
(3) Hedges of net investment in foreign operations

 
 
  
Millions of yen
 
  
Gains (losses) recognized
in other comprehensive
income on derivative
and others
 
  
Gains (losses) reclassified from
other comprehensive income (loss) into income
 
  
Interest expense
 
Foreign exchange contracts
  
¥
2,983
 
  
¥
3,693
 
Borrowings and bonds in foreign currencies
  
 
36,063
 
  
¥
0
 
(4) Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
 
     
                                                 
      
                                                 
      
                                                 
  
    
Millions of yen
  
  
Gains (losses) recognized in income on derivative
  
  
Life insurance premiums and
related investment income*
    
Interest expense
     
Other (income) and
expense
  
Interest rate swap agreements
   
¥
0
 
  
¥
1
 
   
¥
(30
) 
Futures
   
 
(395
)
  
 
0
 
   
 
994
 
Foreign exchange contracts
   
 
(9,664
) 
  
 
41
 
   
 
7,695
 
Credit derivatives held/written
   
 
0
 
  
 
0
 
   
 
14
 
Options held/written and other
   
 
0
 
  
 
0
 
   
 
1,974
 

*
Futures and foreign exchange contracts in the above table include gains (losses) arising from futures and foreign exchange contracts to economically hedge the minimum guarantee risk of variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts for the three months ended December 31, 2023 (see Note 17 “Income and Expenses Relating to Life Insurance Operations”).
 
– 127 –
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The effect of the components excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness on the consolidated statements of income,
pre-tax,
for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 is as follows.
Fair value hedges
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Gains (losses) recognized in income
  
    
Life insurance premiums and related
investment income
    
Interest expense
     
Other (income) and

expense
  
Foreign exchange contracts
    ¥ (7,104 )    ¥   17      ¥ 0  
Options held/written and other
                                0               0        41  
The effect of the components excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness on the consolidated statements of income,
pre-tax,
for the three months ended December 31, 2022 is as follows.
Fair value hedges
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Gains (losses) recognized in income
  
    
Life insurance premiums and related
investment income
    
Interest expense
     
Other (income) and

expense
  
Foreign exchange contracts
    ¥ (5,630 )    ¥   3      ¥ 0  
Options held/written and other
                                0               0        14  
The carrying amount of hedged assets and liabilities recognized in balance sheets in fair value hedges and the cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments included in the carrying amount (excluding the effect of changes in foreign exchange rates) at March 31, 2023 is as follows.
 
Assets as hedged items in fair value hedges
    
Liabilities as hedged items in fair value hedges
  
    
Millions of yen
         
Millions of yen
  
Consolidated balance
sheets location
   
Carrying
amount
     
The cumulative

amount of fair value

hedging adjustments

included in the

carrying amount
    
Consolidated balance
sheets location
   
Carrying

amount
     
The cumulative

amount of fair value

hedging adjustments

included in the

carrying amount
  
Investment in Securities
    ¥ 470,204      ¥ (1,107 )    —      ¥ 0      ¥ 0  
Installment Loans
      13,969        (1 )    —        0        0  
 
– 128 –
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The effect of the components excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness on the consolidated statements of income,
pre-tax,
for the nine months ended December 31, 2023 is as follows.
Fair value hedges
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Gains (losses) recognized in income
  
    
Life insurance premiums and related

investment income
    
Interest expense
     
Other (income) and

expense
  
Foreign exchange contracts
    ¥ (19,004 )    ¥ 24      ¥ 0  
Options held/written and other
                                0       0        44  
The effect of the components excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness on the consolidated statements of income,
pre-tax,
for the three months ended December 31, 2023 is as follows.
Fair value hedges
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Gains (losses) recognized in income
  
    
Life insurance premiums and related
investment income
    
Interest expense
     
Other (income) and

expense
  
Foreign exchange contracts
    ¥ (8,369 )    ¥   7      ¥ 0  
Options held/written and other
                                0         0        19  
The carrying amount of hedged assets and liabilities recognized in balance sheets in fair value hedges and the cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments included in the carrying amount (excluding the effect of changes in foreign exchange rates) at December 31, 2023 is as follows.
 
Assets as hedged items in fair value hedges
    
Liabilities as hedged items in fair value hedges
  
    
Millions of yen
         
Millions of yen
  
Consolidated balance
sheets location
   
Carrying
amount
     
The cumulative

amount of fair value

hedging adjustments

included in the

carrying amount
    
Consolidated balance
sheets location
   
Carrying
amount
     
The cumulative

amount of fair value

hedging adjustments

included in the

carrying amount
  
Investment in Securities
    ¥ 482,092      ¥ (1,030 )    —      ¥ 0      ¥ 0  
Installment Loans
      14,905        0     —        0        0  
 
– 129 –
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Notional amounts of derivative instruments and other, fair values of derivative instruments and other before offsetting at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023 are as follows.
March 31, 2023
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
         
Derivative assets
  
Derivative liabilities
   
Notional

amount
    
  Fair value  
    
Consolidated balance
sheets location
  
  Fair value  
    
Consolidated balance
sheets location
   
Millions

of yen
    
Millions

of yen
        
Millions

of yen
      
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments and other:
                                
           
Interest rate swap agreements
   ¥ 568,864     ¥ 22,798     Other Assets   ¥ 3,311     Other Liabilities
           
Options held/written and other
     9,486       52     Other Assets     88                           —
           
Futures, foreign exchange contracts
         933,988       2,735     Other Assets     26,217     Other Liabilities
           
Foreign currency swap agreements
     99,878       1,325     Other Assets     2,426     Other Liabilities
           
Foreign currency long-term debt
     748,396       0                     —     0                           —
           
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
                                
           
Interest rate swap agreements
   ¥ 464     ¥ 0                     —   ¥ 8     Other Liabilities
           
Options held/written and other
     632,211       30,435     Other Assets           28,335     Other Liabilities
           
Futures, foreign exchange contracts *
     788,361             15,050     Other Assets     10,978     Other Liabilities
           
Credit derivatives held/written
     1,098       3     Other Assets     3     Other Liabilities
 
*
The notional amounts of futures and foreign exchange contracts in the above table include futures contracts of ¥14,758 million and foreign exchange contracts of ¥5,554 million to economically hedge the minimum guarantee risk of variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts at March 31, 2023, respectively. Derivative assets in the above table include fair value of the futures and foreign exchange contracts before offsetting of ¥52 million and ¥12 million and derivative liabilities include fair value of the futures and foreign exchange contracts before offsetting of ¥200 million and ¥179 million at March 31, 2023, respectively.
December 31, 2023
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative assets
 
Derivative liabilities
 
 
Notional

amount
 
 
 Fair value 
 
 
Consolidated balance
sheets location
 
 Fair value 
 
 
Consolidated balance
sheets location
 
 
Millions

of yen
 
 
Millions

of yen
 
 
 
 
Millions

of yen
 
 
 
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments and other:
                                
           
Interest rate swap agreements
   ¥ 546,312     ¥ 21,865     Other Assets   ¥ 3,709     Other Liabilities
           
Options held/written and other
     14,490       30     Other Assets     808     Other Liabilities
           
Futures, foreign exchange contracts
     981,997       14,748     Other Assets     33,839     Other Liabilities
           
Foreign currency swap agreements
     113,915       385     Other Assets     5,558     Other Liabilities
           
Foreign currency long-term debt
     781,143       0                     —     0                           —
           
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
                                
           
Interest rate swap agreements
   ¥ 1,988     ¥ 181     Other Assets   ¥ 4     Other Liabilities
           
Options held/written and other
     464,470       16,853     Other Assets     15,448     Other Liabilities
           
Futures, foreign exchange contracts *
     825,496       22,105     Other Assets     10,862     Other Liabilities
           
Credit derivatives held/written
     1,943       21     Other Assets     5     Other Liabilities

*
The notional amounts of futures and foreign exchange contracts in the above table include futures contracts of ¥9,627 million and foreign exchange contracts of ¥3,507 million to economically hedge the minimum guarantee risk of variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts at December 31, 2023, respectively. Derivative assets in the above table include fair value of the futures and foreign exchange contracts before offsetting of ¥1 million and ¥118 million and derivative liabilities include fair value of the futures and foreign exchange contracts before offsetting of ¥146 million and ¥20 million at December 31, 2023, respectively.
 
– 130 –
Table of Contents
The Company and its subsidiaries have contracted credit derivatives for the purpose of trading. Details of credit derivatives written as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023 are as follows.
March 31, 2023
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Types of derivatives
   
The events or circumstances
that would require the seller
to perform under the credit
derivative
   
Maximum potential
amount of future

payment under the

credit derivative
     
Approximate
remaining term

of the credit

derivative
     
Fair value of

the credit

derivative
  
  
Millions of yen
     
Millions of yen
  
Credit default swap
    In case of credit event (bankruptcy, failure to pay, restructuring) occurring in underlying reference company *    ¥ 1,000       
Less than
five years
  
 
    ¥ (3 ) 

*
Underlying reference company’s credit ratings are A1 or better rated by rating agencies as of March 31, 2023.
December 31, 2023
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Types of derivatives
   
The events or circumstances
that would require the seller
to perform under the credit
derivative
   
Maximum potential
amount of future

payment under the

credit derivative
     
Approximate

remaining term

of the credit

derivative
     
Fair value of

the credit

derivative
  
  
Millions of yen
     
Millions of yen
  
Credit default swap
    In case of credit event (bankruptcy, failure to pay, restructuring) occurring in underlying reference company *    ¥ 1,472       
Less than
five years
  
 
    ¥ (5 ) 

*
Underlying reference company’s credit ratings are Baa3 or better rated by rating agencies as of December 31, 2023.
 
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22.
Offsetting Assets and Liabilities
The gross amounts recognized, gross amounts offset, and net amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheets regarding derivative assets and liabilities as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023 are as follows.
March 31, 2023
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Gross amounts

recognized
     
Gross amounts

offset in the

consolidated

balance sheets
    
Net amounts

presented in

the consolidated

balance sheets
     
Gross amounts not offset in

the consolidated balance sheets *
    
Net amount
  
    
Financial

instruments
    
Collateral

received/pledged
  
Derivative assets
    ¥ 72,398      ¥ (22,052 )    ¥ 50,346      ¥ 0     ¥ (4,973 )    ¥ 45,373  
  
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total assets
    ¥ 72,398      ¥ (22,052 )    ¥ 50,346      ¥ 0     ¥ (4,973 )    ¥ 45,373  
  
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Derivative liabilities
    ¥ 71,366      ¥ (22,052 )    ¥ 49,314      ¥ (1,786 )    ¥ (509 )    ¥ 47,019  
  
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total liabilities
    ¥ 71,366      ¥ (22,052 )    ¥ 49,314      ¥ (1,786 )    ¥ (509 )    ¥ 47,019  
  
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
December 31, 2023
 
  
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Gross amounts

recognized
     
Gross amounts

offset in the

consolidated

balance sheets
    
Net amounts

presented in

the consolidated

balance sheets
     
Gross amounts not offset in

the consolidated balance sheets *
    
Net amount
  
    
Financial

instruments
    
Collateral

received/pledged
  
Derivative assets
    ¥ 76,188      ¥ (39,061 )    ¥ 37,127      ¥ 0     ¥ (3,085 )    ¥ 34,042  
  
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total assets
    ¥ 76,188      ¥ (39,061 )    ¥ 37,127      ¥ 0     ¥ (3,085 )    ¥ 34,042  
  
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Derivative liabilities
    ¥ 70,233      ¥ (39,061 )    ¥ 31,172      ¥ (793 )    ¥ (4,340 )    ¥ 26,039  
  
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total liabilities
    ¥ 70,233      ¥ (39,061 )    ¥ 31,172      ¥ (793 )    ¥ (4,340 )    ¥ 26,039  
  
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
*
The balances related to enforceable master netting agreements or similar agreements which were not offset in the consolidated balance sheets.
 
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23.
Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The following information is provided to help readers gain an understanding of the relationship between carrying amounts of financial instruments reported in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and the related market or fair value. The disclosures do not include net investment in leases, investment in affiliates accounted for under the equity method, pension obligations and insurance contracts and reinsurance contracts except for those classified as investment contracts.
March 31, 2023
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Carrying

amount
     
Estimated

fair value
     
Level 1
     
Level 2
     
Level 3
  
Assets:
               
Cash and cash equivalents
    ¥ 1,231,860      ¥ 1,231,860      ¥ 1,231,860      ¥ 0      ¥ 0  
Restricted cash
      135,048        135,048        135,048        0        0  
Installment loans (net of allowance for credit losses)
      3,829,431        3,807,987        0        128,249        3,679,738  
Equity securities*1
      379,236        379,236        105,646        133,027        140,563  
Trading debt securities
      2,179        2,179        0        2,179        0  
Available-for-sale
debt securities
      2,234,608        2,234,608        4,334        1,986,672        243,602  
Held-to-maturity
debt securities
      114,759        129,678        0        108,326        21,352  
Certain investment in affiliates
      2,511        2,511        0        0        2,511  
Other Assets:
               
Time deposits
      4,374        4,374        0        4,374        0  
Derivative assets*2
      50,346        50,346        0        0        0  
Reinsurance recoverables (Investment contracts)
      5,301        5,009        0        0        5,009  
Liabilities:
               
Short-term debt
    ¥ 508,796      ¥ 508,796      ¥ 0      ¥ 508,796      ¥ 0  
Deposits
      2,086,340        2,087,035        0        2,087,035        0  
Policy liabilities and Policy account balances (Investment contracts)
      143,407        143,842        0        0        143,842  
Long-term debt
      5,209,723        5,164,112        0        1,667,119        3,496,993  
Other Liabilities:
               
Derivative liabilities
*2
      49,314        49,314        0        0        0  
 
*1
The amount of ¥51,263 million of investment funds measured at net asset value per share is not included.
*2
It represents the amount after offset under counterparty netting of derivative assets and liabilities. For the information of input level before netting, see Note 3 “Fair Value Measurements.”
 
– 133 –
Table of Contents
December 31, 2023
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Carrying

amount
     
Estimated

fair value
     
Level 1
     
Level 2
     
Level 3
  
Assets:
                                             
Cash and cash equivalents
    ¥ 904,289      ¥ 904,289      ¥ 904,289      ¥ 0      ¥ 0  
Restricted cash
      140,806        140,806        140,806        0        0  
Installment loans (net of allowance for credit losses)
      3,840,221        3,824,378        0        125,588        3,698,790  
Equity securities*1
      394,241        394,241        110,682        133,000        150,559  
Trading debt securities
      2,213        2,213        0        2,213        0  
Available-for-sale
debt securities
      2,537,681        2,537,681        5,494        2,232,859        299,328  
Certain investment in affiliates
      5,737        5,737        0        0        5,737  
Other Assets:
                                             
Time deposits
      3,662        3,662        0        3,662        0  
Derivative assets*2
      37,127        37,127        0        0        0  
Reinsurance recoverables (Investment contracts)
      4,757        4,629        0        0        4,629  
Liabilities:
                                             
Short-term debt
    ¥ 646,903      ¥ 646,903      ¥ 0      ¥ 646,903      ¥ 0  
Deposits
      2,057,316        2,056,400        0        2,056,400        0  
Policy liabilities and Policy account balances (Investment contracts)
      128,972        128,722        0        0        128,722  
Long-term debt
      5,333,716        5,309,860        0        1,781,374        3,528,486  
Other Liabilities:
                                             
Derivative liabilities
*2
      31,172        31,172        0        0        0  

*1
The amount of ¥76,593 million of investment funds measured at net asset value per share is not included.
*2
It represents the amount after offset under counterparty netting of derivative assets and liabilities. For the information of input level before netting, see Note 3 “Fair Value Measurements.”
Input level of fair value measurement
If active market prices are available, fair value measurement is based on quoted active market prices and classified as Level 1. If active market prices are not available, fair value measurement is based on observable inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 such as quoted market prices of similar assets and classified as Level 2. If market prices are not available and there are no observable inputs, then fair value is estimated by using valuation models including discounted cash flow methodologies, commonly used option-pricing models and broker quotes and classified as Level 3, as the valuation models and broker quotes are based on inputs that are unobservable in the market.
 
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Table of Contents
24.
Commitments, Guarantees and Contingent Liabilities
Commitments
—The Company and certain subsidiaries have commitments for the purchase of equipment to be leased, having a cost of ¥4,066 million and ¥12,819 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Certain computer systems of the Company and certain subsidiaries have been operated and maintained under
non-cancelable
contracts with third-party service providers. For such services, the Company and certain subsidiaries made payments totaling ¥6,497 million and ¥6,850 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively, and ¥2,359 million and ¥2,610 million for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, the amounts due are as follows:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
March 31,
2023
     
December 31,
2023
  
Within one year
    ¥ 5,846      ¥ 6,674  
More than one year
      8,353        9,231  
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total
    ¥         14,199      ¥         15,905  
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
The Company and certain subsidiaries have commitments to fund estimated construction costs and so forth to complete ongoing real estate development projects and other commitments, totaling ¥146,945 million and ¥99,824 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
The Company and certain subsidiaries have agreements to commit to execute loans for customers, and to invest in funds, as long as the agreed-upon terms are met. The total unused credit and capital amount available are ¥458,994 million and ¥479,561 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
 
– 135 –
Table of Contents
Guarantees
—At the inception of a guarantee, the Company and its subsidiaries recognize a liability in the consolidated balance sheets at fair value for the guarantee within the scope of ASC 460 (“Guarantees”). Some of these guarantees, whose contractual obligations cannot be unconditionally cancelled, are in the scope of the Credit Losses Standard and are recognized as other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. The following table represents the summary of potential future payments, book value recorded as guarantee liabilities of the guarantee contracts outstanding and maturity of the longest guarantee contracts as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
March 31, 2023
     
December 31, 2023
  
    
Millions of yen
     
Fiscal year
     
Millions of yen
     
Fiscal year
  
Guarantees
   
Potential

future

payment
     
Book

value of

guarantee

  liabilities  
     
Maturity of

the longest

contract
     
Potential

future

payment
     
Book

value of

guarantee

  liabilities  
     
Maturity of

the longest

contract
  
Corporate loans
    ¥ 479,406      ¥ 5,033        2029      ¥ 438,864      ¥ 4,743        2031  
Transferred loans
      436,069        2,185        2062        483,560        2,965        2062  
Consumer loans
      295,273        48,207        2034        301,147        49,952        2034  
Real estate loans
      18,193        2,031        2048        4,736        284        2048  
Other
      2,484        0        2036        13,408        1        2044  
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total
    ¥ 1,231,425      ¥ 57,456        —        ¥ 1,241,715      ¥ 57,945        —    
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Guarantee of corporate loans:
The Company and certain subsidiaries mainly guarantee corporate loans issued by financial institutions for customers. The Company and the subsidiaries are obliged to pay the outstanding loans when the guaranteed customers fail to pay principal and/or interest in accordance with the contract terms. In some cases, the corporate loans are secured by the guaranteed customers’ assets. Once the Company and the subsidiaries assume the guaranteed customers’ obligation, the Company and the subsidiaries obtain a right to claim the collateral assets. In other cases, certain contracts that guarantee corporate loans issued by financial institutions for customers include contracts that the amounts of performance guarantee are limited to a certain range of guarantee commissions. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, total notional amount of the loans subject to such guarantees are ¥494,000 million and ¥509,000 million, respectively, and book value of guarantee liabilities are ¥2,309 million and ¥2,204 million, respectively. The potential future payment amounts for these guarantees are limited to a certain range of the guarantee commissions, which are less than the total notional amounts of the loans subject to these guarantees. The potential future payment amounts for the contract period are calculated from the guarantee limit which is arranged by financial institutions in advance as to contracts that the amounts of performance guarantee are unlimited to a certain range of guarantee commissions. For this reason, the potential future payment amounts for these guarantees include the amount of the guarantee which may occur in the future, which is larger than the balance of guarantee executed as of the end of fiscal year or the end of interim period. The executed guarantee balance includes defrayment by financial institutions which we bear temporarily at the time of execution, and credit risk for financial institutions until liquidation of this guarantee. Our substantial amounts of performance guarantee except credit risk for financial institutions are limited to our defrayment which is arranged by financial institutions in advance.
Payment or performance risk of the guarantees is considered based on the historical experience of credit events. There have been no significant changes in the payment or performance risk of the guarantees for the nine months ended December 31, 2023.
Guarantee of transferred loans:
A subsidiary in the United States is authorized to underwrite, originate, fund, and service multi-family and seniors housing loans without prior approval mainly from Fannie Mae under the Delegated Underwriting and Servicing program and Freddie Mac under the Delegated Underwriting Initiative program. As part of these programs, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac provide a commitment to purchase the loans.
Under these programs, the subsidiary guarantees the performance of the loans transferred to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and has the payment or performance risk of the guarantees to absorb some of the losses when losses arise from the transferred loans. There were no significant changes in the payment or performance risk of these guarantees for the nine months ended December 31, 2023.
As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, the total outstanding principal amount of loans transferred under the Delegated Underwriting and Servicing program, for which the subsidiary guarantees to absorb some of the losses, were ¥2,175,722 million and ¥2,412,776 million, respectively.
 
– 136 –
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Guarantee of consumer loans:
A certain subsidiary guarantees consumer loans, typically card loans, issued by Japanese financial institutions. The subsidiary is obligated to pay the outstanding obligations when these loans become delinquent generally three months or more.
Payment or performance risk of the guarantees is considered based on the historical experience of credit events. There were no significant changes in the payment or performance risk of the guarantees for the nine months ended December 31, 2023.
Guarantee of real estate loans:
The Company and certain subsidiaries guarantee real estate loans for consumer issued by Japanese financial institutions to third party individuals. The Company and the subsidiaries are typically obliged to pay the outstanding loans when these loans become delinquent three months or more. The real estate loans are usually secured by the real properties. Once the Company and the subsidiaries assume the guaranteed parties’ obligation, the Company and the subsidiaries obtain a right to claim the collateral assets.
Payment or performance risk of the guarantees is considered based on the historical experience of credit events. There were no significant changes in the payment or performance risk of the guarantees for the nine months ended December 31, 2023.
Other guarantees:
Other guarantees include the guarantees to financial institutions and the guarantees derived from collection agency agreements. Pursuant to the contracts of the guarantees to financial institutions, a certain subsidiary pays to the financial institutions when customers of the financial institutions become debtors and default on the debts. Pursuant to the agreements of the guarantees derived from collection agency agreements, the Company and certain subsidiaries collect third parties’ debt and pay the uncovered amounts. In addition to the above, joint guarantees for payment obligations of affiliated companies are included.
Allowance for
off-balance
sheet credit exposures—
If the entity has a present contractual obligation to extend the credit and the obligation is not unconditionally cancelable by the entity, credit losses related the loan commitments of card loans and installment loans and financial guarantees are in the scope of the allowance for credit losses. For the loan commitments of card loans and installment loans, credit losses are recognized on the loan commitments for the portion expected to be drawn. For financial guarantees, the allowance is recognized for the contingent obligation which generates credit risk exposures. These allowance for
off-balance
sheet credit exposures is measured using the same measurement objectives as the allowance for loans and net investment leases, considering quantitative and qualitative factors including historical loss experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The allowance for
off-balance
sheet credit exposure is recorded as other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets and the allowance were ¥17,843 million and ¥18,997 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Additionally, provision for credit losses in the consolidated statements of income for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 included a reversal of ¥1,199 million, which was mainly due to an improved macroeconomic forecast in the Americas. Provision for credit losses in the consolidated statements of income for the nine months ended December 31, 2023 was ¥1,052 million, which was mainly due to the deterioration in macroeconomic forecasts in certain markets in the Americas compared with the previous year. Provision for credit losses in the consolidated statements of income for the three months ended December 31, 2022 included a reversal of ¥331 million, which was mainly due to an improved macroeconomic forecast in the Americas. Provision for credit losses in the consolidated statements of income for the three months ended December 31, 2023 was ¥461 million, which was mainly due to the deterioration in macroeconomic forecasts in certain markets in the Americas compared with the previous year.
Contingencies—
The Company and certain subsidiaries are involved in legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, none of such proceedings and claims will have a significant impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
Collateral—
Other than the assets of the consolidated VIEs pledged as collateral for financing described in Note 10 “Variable Interest Entities”, the Company and certain subsidiaries provide the following assets as collateral for the short-term and long-term debt payables to financial institutions as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
March 31, 2023
     
December 31, 2023
  
Lease payments, loans and investment in operating leases
    ¥ 148,057      ¥ 137,056  
Investment in securities
      183,441        261,652  
Property under facility operations
      130,191        189,660  
Other assets and other
      110,159        104,840  
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total
    ¥ 571,848      ¥ 693,208  
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
 
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As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, debt liabilities were secured by shares of subsidiaries, which were eliminated through consolidation adjustment, of ¥407,495 million and ¥367,973 million, respectively, and debt liabilities of affiliates were secured by investment in affiliates of ¥31,379 million and ¥33,264 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, debt liabilities were secured by loans to subsidiaries, which were eliminated through consolidation adjustment, of ¥9,911 million and ¥9,500 million, respectively. In addition, ¥101,827 million and ¥161,378 million, respectively, were pledged primarily by investment in securities for collateral deposits and deposit for real estate transaction as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023.
Under loan agreements relating to short-term and long-term debt from commercial banks and certain insurance companies, the Company and certain subsidiaries are required to provide collateral against these debts at any time if requested by the lenders. The Company and the subsidiaries did not receive any such requests from the lenders as of December 31, 2023.
 
– 138 –
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25.
Segment Information
Financial information about the operating segments reported below is available by segment and evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker to make decisions about resource allocations and assess performance.
An overview of operations for each of the ten segments follows below.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate Financial Services and Maintenance Leasing
   :    Finance and fee business; leasing and rental of automobiles, electronic measuring instruments and
ICT-related
equipment
Real Estate
   :    Real estate development, rental and management; facility operations; real estate asset management
PE Investment and Concession
   :    Private equity investment; concession
Environment and Energy
   :    Domestic and overseas renewable energy; electric power retailing; ESCO services; sales of solar panels and battery energy storage system; recycling and waste management
Insurance
   :    Life insurance
Banking and Credit
   :    Banking; consumer finance
Aircraft and Ships
   :    Aircraft investment and management; ship-related finance and investment
ORIX USA
   :    Finance, investment and asset management in the Americas
ORIX Europe
   :    Asset management of global equity and fixed income
Asia and Australia
   :    Finance and investment businesses in Asia and Australia
Since April 1, 2023, segment profits have been calculated with a broadened scope of profit sharing for inter-segment collaboration. As a result, segment data for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022 has been retrospectively restated.
LDTI standard has been adopted since April 1. 2023, with the transition date of April 1, 2021, using the modified retrospective transition approach. As a result of the adoption of LDTI, Insurance segment data for the previous fiscal year has been retrospectively restated. For further information, see Note 2 “Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies (z) New accounting pronouncements.”
Financial information of the segments for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, and segment assets information as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023 are as follows:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Nine months ended

December 31, 2022
     
Nine months ended

December 31, 2023
     
March 31, 2023
     
December 31,

2023
  
    
Segment

revenues
     
Segment

profits
     
Segment

revenues
     
Segment

profits
     
Segment

assets
     
Segment

assets
  
Corporate Financial Services and Maintenance Leasing
    ¥ 321,647      ¥ 58,166      ¥ 331,794      ¥ 59,187      ¥ 1,514,070      ¥ 1,505,679  
Real Estate
      288,293        24,536        337,365        51,434        935,027        1,005,620  
PE Investment and Concession
      312,090        6,857        269,064        22,953        605,471        800,829  
Environment and Energy
      168,419        31,812        123,951        19,844        773,617        845,999  
Insurance
      360,085        26,563        397,875        53,446        2,050,412        2,205,723  
Banking and Credit
      62,324        24,868        65,059        26,911        2,698,747        2,750,529  
Aircraft and Ships
      42,369        17,007        44,809        16,118        742,890        866,074  
ORIX USA
      135,261        33,032        133,471        27,832        1,462,067        1,451,242  
ORIX Europe
      157,653        35,893        164,419        20,815        417,941        444,895  
Asia and Australia
      142,719        34,457        160,741        20,696        1,395,096        1,558,524  
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total
    ¥     1,990,860      ¥      293,191      ¥   2,028,548      ¥   319,236      ¥   12,595,338      ¥   13,435,114  
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
 
– 139 –
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Financial information of the segments for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 are as follows:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
            
    
Three months ended

December 31, 2022
     
Three months ended

December 31, 2023
            
    
Segment

revenues
     
Segment

profits
     
Segment

revenues
     
Segment

profits
            
Corporate Financial Services and Maintenance Leasing
    ¥ 110,220      ¥ 21,249      ¥ 111,547      ¥ 18,921            
Real Estate
      97,806        5,587        118,072        24,567            
PE Investment and Concession
      61,217        2,846        96,084        13,279                                                    
Environment and Energy
      57,505        23,094        41,979        11,706            
Insurance
      94,215        11,778        109,289        16,408            
Banking and Credit
      21,380        9,653        22,332        10,440            
Aircraft and Ships
      13,873        6,358        15,580        5,703            
ORIX USA
      55,329        11,436        45,382        11,500            
ORIX Europe
      67,817        19,474        60,360        7,453            
Asia and Australia
      50,285        9,987        55,503        8,249            
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
            
Total
    ¥        629,647      ¥        121,462      ¥     676,128      ¥     128,226            
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
            
The accounting policies of the segments are almost the same as those described in Note 2 “Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies” except for the treatment of income tax expenses, net income attributable to the noncontrolling interests, net income attributable to the redeemable noncontrolling interests. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests and redeemable noncontrolling interests are not included in segment profits or losses because the management evaluates segments’ performance based on profits or losses
(pre-tax)
attributable to ORIX Corporation Shareholders. Income taxes are not included in segment profits or losses because the management evaluates segments’ performance on a
pre-tax
basis. Most of selling, general and administrative expenses, including compensation costs that are directly related to the revenue generating activities of each segment and excluding the expenses that should be borne by ORIX Group as a whole, have been accumulated by and charged to each segment. Gains and losses that management does not consider for evaluating the performance of the segments, such as write-downs of certain long-lived assets and certain foreign exchange gains or losses (included in other (income) and expense) are excluded from the segment profits or losses, and are regarded as corporate items.
Assets attributed to each segment are net investment in the leases, installment loans, investment in operating leases, investment in securities, property under facility operations, investment in affiliates, inventories, advances for finance lease and operating lease (included in other assets), advances for property under facility operations (included in other assets), goodwill, intangible assets acquired in business combinations (included in other assets) and servicing assets (included in other assets). This has resulted in the depreciation of office facilities being included in each segment’s profit or loss while the carrying amounts of corresponding assets are not allocated to each segment’s assets. However, the effect resulting from this allocation is not significant.
 
– 140 –
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The reconciliation of segment totals to consolidated financial statement amounts is as follows:
Significant items to be reconciled are segment revenues, segment profits and segment assets. Other items do not have a significant difference between segment amounts and consolidated amounts.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Nine months ended

December 31, 2022
    
Nine months ended

December 31, 2023
  
Segment revenues:
                 
Total revenues for segments
    ¥ 1,990,860     ¥ 2,028,548  
Revenues related to corporate assets
      19,000       21,847  
Revenues from inter-segment transactions
      (15,016 )      (12,535 )
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total consolidated revenues
    ¥ 1,994,844     ¥ 2,037,860  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Segment profits:
                 
Total profits for segments
    ¥ 293,191     ¥ 319,236  
Corporate profits (losses)
      (13,457 )      (8,165 ) 
Net income attributable to the noncontrolling interests and net income attributable to the redeemable noncontrolling interests
      6,292       (1,064 )
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total consolidated income before income taxes
    ¥ 286,026     ¥ 310,007  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
   
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Three months ended

December 31, 2022
    
Three months ended

December 31, 2023
  
Segment revenues:
                 
Total revenues for segments
    ¥ 629,647     ¥ 676,128  
Revenues related to corporate assets
      6,348       6,278  
Revenues from inter-segment transactions
      (5,967 )      (4,281 )
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total consolidated revenues
    ¥ 630,028     ¥ 678,125  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Segment profits:
                 
Total profits for segments
    ¥ 121,462     ¥ 128,226  
Corporate profits (losses)
      (3,282 )      1,326  
Net income attributable to the noncontrolling interests and net income attributable to the redeemable noncontrolling interests
      1,722       (4,012 )
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total consolidated income before income taxes
    ¥ 119,902     ¥ 125,540  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
   
    
Millions of yen
  
    
March 31, 2023
    
December 31, 2023
  
Segment assets:
                 
Total assets for segments
    ¥ 12,595,338     ¥ 13,435,114  
Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash
      1,366,908       1,045,095  
Allowance for credit losses
      (64,723 )      (68,031 ) 
Trade notes, accounts and other receivable
      441,803       381,522  
Other corporate assets
      950,059       975,489  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total consolidated assets
    ¥          15,289,385     ¥          15,769,189  
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
– 141 –
Table of Contents
The following information represents geographical revenues and income before income taxes, which are attributed to geographic areas, based on the country location of the Company and its subsidiaries for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023.
For the nine months ended December 31, 2022
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Nine months ended December 31, 2022
  
    
Japan
     
The Americas *1
     
Other *2
     
Total
  
Total Revenues
    ¥   1,503,642      ¥   189,964      ¥   301,238      ¥   1,994,844  
Income before Income Taxes
      138,780        55,273        91,973        286,026  
For the nine months ended December 31, 2023
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Nine months ended December 31, 2023
  
    
Japan
     
The Americas *1
     
Other *2
     
Total
  
Total Revenues
    ¥   1,514,591      ¥   197,242      ¥   326,027      ¥   2,037,860  
Income before Income Taxes
      217,482        34,811        57,714        310,007  
The following information represents geographical revenues and income before income taxes, which are attributed to geographic areas, based on the country location of the Company and its subsidiaries for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023.
For the three months ended December 31, 2022
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Three months ended December 31, 2022
  
    
Japan
     
The Americas *1
     
Other *2
     
Total
  
Total Revenues
    ¥       438,376      ¥     80,572      ¥   111,080      ¥     630,028  
Income before Income Taxes
      51,568        30,357          37,977        119,902  
For the three months ended December 31, 2023
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
Millions of yen
  
    
Three months ended December 31, 2023
  
    
Japan
     
The Americas *1
     
Other *2
     
Total
  
Total Revenues
    ¥     493,745      ¥     69,732      ¥   114,648      ¥     678,125  
Income before Income Taxes
      87,626        14,295        23,619        125,540  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*1
  
Mainly the United States
*2
  
Mainly Asia, Europe, Australasia and Middle East
 
– 142 –
Table of Contents
The following information represents disaggregation of revenues for revenues from contracts with customers, by goods and services category and geographical location for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023.
For the nine months ended December 31, 2022
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
Millions of yen
  
   
Nine months ended December 31, 2022
  
   
Reportable segments
  
   
Corporate

Financial

Services and

Maintenance

Leasing
    
Real Estate
    
PE

Investment

and

Concession
    
Environment

and Energy
    
Insurance
    
Banking and
Credit
    
Aircraft and
Ships
  
Goods or services category
                                                        
Sales of goods
   ¥ 3,909     ¥ 2,260     ¥ 246,164     ¥ 2,964     ¥ 0     ¥ 0     ¥ 0  
Real estate sales
     0       56,548       0       0       0       0       0  
Asset management and servicing
     238       6,076       0       145       0       347       51  
Automobile related services
     47,571       0       0       210       0       0       0  
Facilities operation
     0       40,257       0       0       0       0       0  
Environment and energy services
     2,367       34       65       161,573       0       0       0  
Real estate management and brokerage
     0       75,219       0       0       0       0       0  
Real estate contract work
     0       66,834       13,230       0       0       0       0  
Other
     29,166       996       23,344       651       1,948       5,010       8,402  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total revenues from contracts with customers
     83,251       248,224       282,803       165,543       1,948       5,357       8,453  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Geographical location
                                                        
Japan
     83,251       248,224       282,803       148,401       1,948       5,357       2,930  
The Americas
     0       0       0       0       0       0       0  
Other
     0       0       0       17,142       0       0       5,523  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total revenues from contracts with customers
     83,251       248,224       282,803       165,543       1,948       5,357       8,453  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Other revenues *
     238,396       40,069       29,287       2,876       358,137       56,967       33,916  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Segment revenues/Total revenues
   ¥ 321,647     ¥ 288,293     ¥ 312,090     ¥ 168,419     ¥ 360,085     ¥ 62,324     ¥ 42,369  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
     
   
Millions of yen
        
   
Nine months ended December 31, 2022
  
   
Reportable segments
    
Corporate

revenue and

intersegment

transactions
    
Total

revenues
  
   
ORIX USA
    
ORIX Europe
    
Asia and
Australia
    
Total
  
Goods or services category
                                                
Sales of goods
   ¥ 1,926     ¥ 0     ¥ 1,314     ¥ 258,537     ¥ 1,883     ¥ 260,420  
Real estate sales
     11       0       0       56,559       0       56,559  
Asset management and servicing
     15,977       160,636       3       183,473       (206 )      183,267  
Automobile related services
     0       0       13,874       61,655       2       61,657  
Facilities operation
     0       0       0       40,257       623       40,880  
Environment and energy services
     1,184       0       0       165,223       (1,441 )      163,782  
Real estate management and brokerage
     0       0       0       75,219       (1,136 )      74,083  
Real estate contract work
     0       0       0       80,064       (73 )      79,991  
Other
     5,406       95       1,392       76,410       3,075       79,485  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total revenues from contracts with customers
     24,504       160,731       16,583       997,397       2,727       1,000,124  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Geographical location
                                                
Japan
     0       0       0       772,914       3,746       776,660  
The Americas
     24,504       56,648       0       81,152       0       81,152  
Other
     0       104,083       16,583       143,331       (1,019 )      142,312  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total revenues from contracts with customers
     24,504       160,731       16,583       997,397       2,727       1,000,124  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Other revenues *
     110,757       (3,078 )      126,136       993,463       1,257       994,720  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Segment revenues/Total revenues
   ¥ 135,261     ¥ 157,653     ¥ 142,719     ¥ 1,990,860     ¥ 3,984     ¥ 1,994,844  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
– 143 –
Table of Contents
For the nine months ended December 31, 2023
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
Millions of yen
  
   
Nine months ended December 31, 2023
  
   
Reportable segments
  
   
Corporate

Financial

Services and

Maintenance

Leasing
    
Real Estate
    
PE

Investment

and

Concession
    
Environment

and Energy
    
Insurance
    
Banking and

Credit
    
Aircraft and

Ships
  
Goods or services category
                                                        
Sales of goods
   ¥ 2,767     ¥ 2,642     ¥ 179,965     ¥ 2,787     ¥             0     ¥             0     ¥ 97  
Real estate sales
     0       68,343       0       0       0       0       0  
Asset management and servicing
     231       7,046       0       125       0       450       41  
Automobile related services
     49,048       0       0       187       0       0       0  
Facilities operation
     0       57,416       0       0       0       0       0  
Environment and energy services
     2,274       34       64       118,103       0       0       0  
Real estate management and brokerage
     0       75,903       0       0       0       0       0  
Real estate contract work
     0       74,089       33,395       0       0       0       0  
Other
     28,747       1,139       24,946       610       1,828       4,601       5,849  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total revenues from contracts with customers
     83,067       286,612       238,370       121,812       1,828       5,051       5,987  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Geographical location
                                                        
Japan
     83,067       286,612       238,370       99,626       1,828       5,051       1,664  
The Americas
     0       0       0       0       0       0       0  
Other
     0       0       0       22,186       0       0       4,323  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total revenues from contracts with customers
     83,067       286,612       238,370       121,812       1,828       5,051       5,987  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Other revenues *
     248,727       50,753       30,694       2,139       396,047       60,008       38,822  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Segment revenues/Total revenues
   ¥ 331,794     ¥ 337,365     ¥ 269,064     ¥ 123,951     ¥ 397,875     ¥ 65,059     ¥ 44,809  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
     
   
Millions of yen
        
   
Nine months ended December 31, 2023
  
   
Reportable segments
    
Corporate

revenue and

intersegment

transactions
    
Total

revenues
  
   
ORIX USA
    
ORIX Europe
    
Asia and
Australia
    
Total
  
Goods or services category
                                                
Sales of goods
   ¥ 420     ¥ 0     ¥ 361     ¥ 189,039     ¥ 4,035     ¥ 193,074  
Real estate sales
     22       0       0       68,365       0       68,365  
Asset management and servicing
     13,789       156,242       35       177,959       (182 )      177,777  
Automobile related services
     0       0       17,339       66,574       (0 )      66,574  
Facilities operation
     0       0       0       57,416       817       58,233  
Environment and energy services
     637       0       0       121,112       (1,169 )      119,943  
Real estate management and brokerage
     0       0       0       75,903       (1,028 )      74,875  
Real estate contract work
     0       0       0       107,484       (65 )      107,419  
Other
     4,645       99       961       73,425       6,080       79,505  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total revenues from contracts with customers
     19,513       156,341       18,696       937,277       8,488       945,765  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Geographical location
                                                
Japan
     0       0       0       716,218       8,717       724,935  
The Americas
     19,513       59,204       0       78,717       0       78,717  
Other
     0       97,137       18,696       142,342       (229 )     142,113  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total revenues from contracts with customers
     19,513       156,341       18,696       937,277       8,488       945,765  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Other revenues *
     113,958       8,078       142,045       1,091,271       824       1,092,095  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Segment revenues/Total revenues
   ¥ 133,471     ¥ 164,419     ¥ 160,741     ¥ 2,028,548     ¥ 9,312     ¥ 2,037,860  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
– 144 –
Table of Contents
The following information represents disaggregation of revenues for revenues from contracts with customers, by goods and services category and geographical location for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2023.
For the three months ended December 31, 2022
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
Millions of yen
  
   
Three months ended December 31, 2022
  
   
Reportable segments
  
   
Corporate

Financial

Services and

Maintenance

Leasing
    
Real Estate
    
PE

Investment

and

Concession
    
Environment

and Energy
    
Insurance
    
Banking and

Credit
    
Aircraft and

Ships
  
Goods or services category
                                                        
Sales of goods
   ¥ 1,105     ¥ 814     ¥ 29,484     ¥ 1,132     ¥ 0     ¥ 0     ¥ 0  
Real estate sales
     0       17,484       0       0       0       0       0  
Asset management and servicing
     77       2,903       0       9       0       124       17  
Automobile related services
     16,652       0       0       59       0       0       0  
Facilities operation
     0       15,648       0       0       0       0       0  
Environment and energy services
     618       10       25       54,478       0       0       0  
Real estate management and brokerage
     0       25,116       0       0       0       0       0  
Real estate contract work
     0       25,922       13,230       0       0       0       0  
Other
     10,396       217       7,813       113       660       1,736       3,342  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total revenues from contracts with customers
     28,848       88,114       50,552       55,791       660       1,860       3,359  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Geographical location
                                                        
Japan
     28,848       88,114       50,552       49,266       660       1,860       1,491  
The Americas
     0       0       0       0       0       0       0  
Other
     0       0       0       6,525       0       0       1,868  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total revenues from contracts with customers
     28,848       88,114       50,552       55,791       660       1,860       3,359  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Other revenues *
     81,372       9,692       10,665       1,714       93,555       19,520       10,514  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Segment revenues/Total revenues
   ¥ 110,220     ¥ 97,806     ¥ 61,217     ¥ 57,505     ¥ 94,215     ¥ 21,380     ¥ 13,873  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
     
   
Millions of yen
        
   
Three months ended December 31, 2022
  
   
Reportable segments
    
Corporate

revenue and

intersegment

transactions
    
Total

revenues
  
   
ORIX USA
    
ORIX Europe
    
Asia and
Australia
    
Total
  
Goods or services category
                                                
Sales of goods
   ¥ 659     ¥ 0     ¥ 656     ¥ 33,850     ¥ 623     ¥ 34,473  
Real estate sales
     2       0       0       17,486       0       17,486  
Asset management and servicing
     5,751       62,263       3       71,147       (187 )      70,960  
Automobile related services
     0       0       4,939       21,650       1       21,651  
Facilities operation
     0       0       0       15,648       235       15,883  
Environment and energy services
     270       0       0       55,401       (488 )      54,913  
Real estate management and brokerage
     0       0       0       25,116       (386 )      24,730  
Real estate contract work
     0       0       0       39,152       (94 )      39,058  
Other
     2,613       54       323       27,267       104       27,371  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total revenues from contracts with customers
     9,295       62,317       5,921       306,717       (192 )      306,525  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Geographical location
                                                
Japan
     0       0       0       220,791       489       221,280  
The Americas
     9,295       19,954       0       29,249       0       29,249  
Other
     0       42,363       5,921       56,677       (681 )      55,996  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total revenues from contracts with customers
     9,295       62,317       5,921       306,717       (192 )      306,525  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Other revenues *
     46,034       5,500       44,364       322,930       573       323,503  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Segment revenues/Total revenues
   ¥ 55,329     ¥ 67,817     ¥ 50,285     ¥ 629,647     ¥ 381     ¥ 630,028  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
– 145 –
Table of Contents
For the three months ended December 31, 2023
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
Millions of yen
  
   
Three months ended December 31, 2023
  
   
Reportable segments
  
   
Corporate

Financial

Services and

Maintenance

Leasing
    
Real Estate
    
PE

Investment

and

Concession
    
Environment

and Energy
    
Insurance
    
Banking and

Credit
    
Aircraft and

Ships
  
Goods or services category
                                                        
Sales of goods
   ¥ 632     ¥ 912     ¥ 65,816     ¥ 1,129     ¥ 0     ¥ 0     ¥ 0  
Real estate sales
     0       17,559       0       0       0       0       0  
Asset management and servicing
     86       2,188       0       33       0       156       13  
Automobile related services
     17,097       0       0       49       0       0       0  
Facilities operation
     0       19,662       0       0       0       0       0  
Environment and energy services
     676       9       26       39,139       0       0       0  
Real estate management and brokerage
     0       25,755       0       0       0       0       0  
Real estate contract work
     0       28,712       12,413       0       0       0       0  
Other
     10,020       298       7,838       242       412       1,784       2,878  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total revenues from contracts with customers
     28,511       95,095       86,093       40,592       412       1,940       2,891  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Geographical location
                                                        
Japan
     28,511       95,095       86,093       32,129       412       1,940       658  
The Americas
     0       0       0       0       0       0       0  
Other
     0       0       0       8,463       0       0       2,233  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total revenues from contracts with customers
     28,511       95,095       86,093       40,592       412       1,940       2,891  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Other revenues *
     83,036       22,977       9,991       1,387       108,877       20,392       12,689  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Segment revenues/Total revenues
   ¥ 111,547     ¥ 118,072     ¥ 96,084     ¥ 41,979     ¥ 109,289     ¥ 22,332     ¥ 15,580  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
     
   
Millions of yen
        
   
Three months ended December 31, 2023
  
   
Reportable segments
    
Corporate

revenue and

intersegment

transactions
    
Total

revenues
  
   
ORIX USA
    
ORIX Europe
    
Asia and
Australia
    
Total
  
Goods or services category
                                                
Sales of goods
   ¥ 194     ¥             0     ¥ 208     ¥ 68,891     ¥ 1,172     ¥ 70,063  
Real estate sales
     17       0       0       17,576       0       17,576  
Asset management and servicing
     5,092       54,868       12       62,448       (63 )      62,385  
Automobile related services
     0       0       6,181       23,327       (2 )      23,325  
Facilities operation
     0       0       0       19,662       239       19,901  
Environment and energy services
     178       0       0       40,028       (273 )      39,755  
Real estate management and brokerage
     0       0       0       25,755       (364 )      25,391  
Real estate contract work
     0       0       0       41,125       (88 )      41,037  
Other
     2,262       141       327       26,202       1,400       27,602  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total revenues from contracts with customers
     7,743       55,009       6,728       325,014       2,021       327,035  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Geographical location
                                                
Japan
     0       0       0       244,838       2,301       247,139  
The Americas
     7,743       20,802       0       28,545       0       28,545  
Other
     0       34,207       6,728       51,631       (280 )     51,351  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total revenues from contracts with customers
     7,743       55,009       6,728       325,014       2,021       327,035  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Other revenues *
     37,639       5,351       48,775       351,114       (24 )     351,090  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Segment revenues/Total revenues
   ¥ 45,382     ¥ 60,360     ¥ 55,503     ¥ 676,128     ¥ 1,997     ¥ 678,125  
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
*
Other revenues include revenues that are not in the scope of revenue from contracts with customers, such as life insurance premiums and related investment income, operating leases, finance revenues that include interest income, and others.
 
– 146 –
Table of Contents
26.
Subsequent Events
The Company cancelled its own shares pursuant to the share cancellation policy approved at the Board of Directors meeting held on October 28, 2019. The details of the cancellation of the Company’s own shares subsequent to the balance sheet date are as follows:
 
 
 
 
•  Class of shares cancelled
   
Common shares
•  Number of shares cancelled
   
19,888,288 shares
•  Cancellation date
   
January 19, 2024.
 
– 147 –