INDEX

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “estimate,” “project,” “believe,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “assume,” “plan,” “seek,” “expect,” “will,” “may,” “should,” “indicate,” “would,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “target” and words of similar meaning. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

These forward-looking statements are based on our current beliefs and expectations and are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. In addition, these forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions with respect to future business strategies and decisions that are subject to change. We are under no duty to and do not take any obligation to update any forward-looking statements after the date of this report. For a discussion of factors that may affect our results of operations and financial condition, and the accuracy of our forward-looking statements, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These factors should be considered in evaluating the forward-looking statements and undue reliance should not be placed on such statements.

PART I

General

IF Bancorp, Inc. (“IF Bancorp” or the “Company”) is a Maryland corporation formed in March 2011 to become the holding company for Iroquois Federal Savings and Loan Association (“Iroquois Federal” or the “Association”).

The Company is primarily engaged in the business of directing, planning, and coordinating the business activities of Iroquois Federal. The Company’s most significant asset is its investment in Iroquois Federal. At June 30, 2023 and 2022, we had consolidated assets of $849.0 million and $857.6 million, consolidated deposits of $735.3 million and $752.0 million and consolidated equity of $71.8 million and $71.7 million, respectively.

Iroquois Federal is a federally chartered savings association headquartered in Watseka, Illinois. The Association’s business consists primarily of taking deposits from the general public and investing those deposits, together with funds generated from operations and borrowings, in one- to four-family residential mortgage loans, multi-family mortgage loans, commercial real estate loans (including farm loans), commercial business loans, construction loans and land development loans and, to a much lesser extent, consumer loans (consisting primarily of automobile loans), and home equity lines of credit. We also invest in securities, which historically have consisted primarily of securities issued by the U.S. government, U.S. government agencies and U.S. government-sponsored enterprises, as well as mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises. To a lesser extent, we also invest in municipal obligations.

We offer a variety of deposit accounts, including savings accounts, certificates of deposit, money market accounts, commercial and personal checking accounts, individual retirement accounts and health savings accounts. We also offer alternative delivery channels, including ATMs, online banking and bill pay, mobile banking with mobile deposit and bill pay, ACH origination, remote deposit capture and telephone banking.

In addition to our traditional banking products and services, we offer a full line of property and casualty insurance products through Iroquois Federal’s wholly-owned subsidiary, L.C.I. Service Corporation, an insurance agency with offices in Watseka and Danville, Illinois. We also offer annuities, mutual funds, individual and group retirement plans, life, disability and health insurance, individual securities, managed accounts and other financial services at all of our locations through Iroquois Financial, a division of Iroquois Federal. Raymond James Financial Services, Inc. serves as the broker-dealer for Iroquois Financial.

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Available Information

IF Bancorp’s executive offices are located at 201 East Cherry Street, Watseka, Illinois 60970. Our telephone number at this address is (815) 432-2476, and our website address is www.iroquoisfed.com. Information on our website should not be considered a part of this annual report.

IF Bancorp, Inc. is a public company, and files interim, quarterly and annual reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC (http://www.sec.gov).

We make available free of charge through the investor relations section of our website, annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as well as proxy statements, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC.

Market Area

We conduct our operations from our seven full-service banking offices located in the municipalities of Watseka, Danville, Clifton, Hoopeston, Savoy, Bourbonnais and Champaign, Illinois and our loan production office in Osage Beach, Missouri. Our primary lending market includes the Illinois counties of Vermilion, Iroquois, Champaign and Kankakee, as well as the adjacent counties in Illinois and Indiana within 30 miles of a branch or loan production office. Our loan production office in Osage Beach, Missouri, serves the Missouri counties of Camden, Miller and Morgan.

In recent years, Iroquois and Vermilion Counties, our traditional primary market areas, have experienced negative growth, reflecting in part, the economic downturn. However, Champaign County, where our Savoy and Champaign branches are located, has experienced population growth. Future business and growth opportunities will be influenced by economic and demographic characteristics of our primary market area and of east central Illinois. According to data from the U.S. Census Bureau, Iroquois County had an estimated population of 26,000 in July 2022, a decrease of 10.9% since April 2010, Vermilion County had an estimated population of 72,000 in July 2022, a decrease of 11.4% since April 2010, and Kankakee County had an estimated population of 106,000 in July 2022, a decrease of 6.5% since April 2010, while Champaign County had an estimated population of 207,000 in July 2022, an increase of 2.7% since April 2010. Unemployment rates in our primary market have increased slightly over the last year. According to the Illinois Department of Employment Security, unemployment, on a non-seasonally adjusted basis, increased from 4.0% to 4.5% in Iroquois County, from 4.9% to 5.9% in Vermilion County, from 4.1% to 4.7% in Champaign County, and from 4.8% to 5.7% in Kankakee County.

The economy in our primary market is fairly diversified, with employment in services, wholesale/retail trade, and government serving as the basis of the Iroquois County, Vermilion County, Champaign County and Kankakee economies. Manufacturing jobs, which tend to be higher paying jobs, are also a large source of employment in Vermilion, Champaign and Kankakee Counties, while Iroquois County is heavily influenced by agriculture and agriculture related businesses. Hospitals and other health care providers, local schools and trucking/distribution businesses also serve as major sources of employment.

Our Osage Beach, Missouri loan production and wealth management office is located in the Lake of the Ozarks region and serves the Missouri counties of Camden, Miller and Morgan. Once known primarily as a resort area, this market is becoming an area of permanent residences and a growing retirement community, providing an excellent market for mortgage loans.

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Competition

We face intense competition in our market area both in making loans and attracting deposits. We also compete with commercial banks, credit unions, savings institutions, mortgage brokerage firms, finance companies, mutual funds, insurance companies and investment banking firms. Some competitors in our newer markets have the natural advantage of greater name recognition and market presence, while we work to increase our market share in those markets.

Our deposit sources are primarily concentrated in the communities surrounding our banking offices located in Iroquois and Vermilion Counties, Illinois. As of June 30, 2022, the latest date for which FDIC data is available, we ranked second of 12 bank and thrift institutions with offices in Iroquois County with a 19.95% deposit market share. As of the same date, we ranked first of 15 bank and thrift institutions with offices in Vermilion County with a 25.86% deposit market share, we ranked 17th of 30 bank and thrift institutions with offices in Champaign County, with a 1.08% deposit market share and we ranked 11th of 13 bank and thrift institutions with offices in Kankakee County, with a 1.63% deposit market share.

Lending Activities

Our principal lending activity is the origination of one- to four-family residential mortgage loans, multi-family loans, commercial real estate loans (including farm loans), home equity loans and lines of credit, commercial business loans, consumer loans (consisting primarily of automobile loans), and, to a much lesser extent, construction loans and land development loans.

In addition to loans originated by Iroquois Federal, our loan portfolio includes loan purchases which are secured by single family homes located primarily in the Midwest. As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, the amount of such loans equaled $652,000 and $1.6 million, respectively. See “—Loan Originations, Purchases, Sales, Participations and Servicing.”    

Our loan portfolio also includes commercial loan participations which are secured by both real estate and other business assets, primarily within 100 miles of our primary lending market. As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, the amount of such loans equaled $46.1 million and $30.0 million, respectively. See “—Loan Originations, Purchases, Sales, Participations and Servicing.”    

The Association’s legal lending limit to any one borrower is 15% of unimpaired capital and surplus. On July 30, 2012 our bank received approval from the Comptroller of the Currency to participate in the Supplemental Lending Limits Program (SLLP). This program allows eligible savings associations to make additional residential real estate loans or extensions of credit to one borrower, small business loans or extensions of credit to one borrower, or small farm loans or extensions of credit to one borrower, in the lesser of the following two amounts: (1) 10% of its capital and surplus; or (2) the percentage of capital and surplus, in excess of 15%, that a state bank is permitted to lend under the state lending limit that is available for loans secured by one- to four-family residential real estate, small business loans, small farm loans or unsecured loans in the state where the main office of the savings association is located. For our association this additional limit (or “supplemental limit(s)”) for one- to four-family residential real estate, small business, or small farm loans is 10% of our Association’s capital and surplus. In addition, the total outstanding amount of the Association’s loans or extensions of credit or parts of loans and extensions of credit made to all of its borrowers under the SLLP may not exceed 100% of the Association’s capital and surplus. By Association policy, participation of any credit facilities in the SLLP is to be infrequent and all credit facilities are to be with prior Board approval.

We originate a substantial portion of our fixed-rate one- to four-family residential mortgage loans for sale to the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago with servicing retained. Total loans sold under this program equaled approximately $133.2 million and $141.2 million as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. See “—One- to Four-Family Residential Real Estate Lending” below for more information regarding the origination of loans for sale to the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago.

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Loan Portfolio Composition. The following table sets forth the composition of our loan portfolio, including loans held for sale, by type of loan at the dates indicated. Amounts shown for one- to four-family loans include loans held for sale of approximately $0 and $227,000 at June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Loan Portfolio Maturities and Yields. The following table summarizes the scheduled repayments of our loan portfolio at June 30, 2023. We had no demand loans or loans having no stated repayment schedule or maturity at June 30, 2023.

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The following table sets forth the scheduled repayments of fixed- and adjustable-rate loans at June 30, 2023 that are contractually due after June 30, 2024.

One- to Four-Family Residential Mortgage Loans. At June 30, 2023, $163.9 million, or 27.6% of our total loan portfolio, consisted of one- to four-family residential mortgage loans. We offer residential mortgage loans that conform to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac underwriting standards (conforming loans) as well as non-conforming loans. We generally underwrite our one- to four-family residential mortgage loans based on the applicant’s employment and credit history and the appraised value of the subject property. We also offer loans through various agency programs, such as the Mortgage Partnership Finance Program of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago, which are originated for sale.

We currently offer fixed-rate conventional mortgage loans with terms of up to 30 years that are fully amortizing with monthly loan payments. We also offer adjustable-rate mortgage loans that generally provide an initial fixed interest rate of five to seven years and annual interest rate adjustments thereafter. Our adjustable rate mortgage loans amortize over a period of up to 30 years. We offer one- to four-family residential mortgage loans with loan-to-value ratios up to 102%. Private mortgage insurance or participation in a government sponsored program is required for all one- to four-family residential mortgage loans with loan-to-value ratios exceeding 90%. One- to four-family residential mortgage loans with loan-to-value ratios above 80%, but below 90%, require private mortgage insurance unless waived by management. At June 30, 2023, fixed-rate one- to four-family residential mortgage loans totaled $99.5 million, or 60.7% of our one- to four-family residential mortgage loans, and adjustable-rate one- to four-family residential mortgage loans totaled $64.4 million, or 39.3% of our one- to four-family residential mortgage loans.

Our one- to four-family residential mortgage loans are generally conforming loans. We generally originate both fixed- and adjustable-rate mortgage loans in amounts up to the maximum conforming loan limits as established by the Federal Housing Finance Agency for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which for our primary market area is currently $726,200 for single-family homes. At June 30, 2023, our average one- to four-family residential mortgage loan had a principal balance of $61,000. We also originate loans above the lending limit for conforming loans, which we refer to as “jumbo loans.” At June 30, 2023, $29.5 million, or 18.0%, of our total one- to four-family residential loans had principal balances in excess of $726,200. Most of our jumbo loans are originated with a seven-year fixed-rate term and an annual adjustable rate thereafter, with up to a 30 year amortization schedule. Occasionally we will originate fixed-rate jumbo loans with terms of up to 15 years.

We actively monitor our interest rate risk position to determine the desirable level of investment in fixed-rate mortgage loans. In recent years there has been increased demand for long-term fixed-rate loans, as market rates have dropped and remained near historic lows. As a result, we have sold a substantial majority of our fixed-rate one- to four-family residential mortgage loans with terms of 15 years or greater. We sell fixed-rate residential mortgages to the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago, with servicing retained, under its Mortgage Partnership Finance Program. Since December 2008, we have sold loans to the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago under its Mortgage Partnership Finance Xtra Program. Total mortgages sold under this program were approximately $542,000 and $5.7 million for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

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In October 2015, we began to also sell loans to FHLBC under its Mortgage Partnership Finance Original Program. Total loans sold under this program were approximately $7.4 million and $22.3 million for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Generally, however, we retain in our portfolio fixed-rate one- to four-family residential mortgage loans with terms of less than 15 years, although this has represented a small percentage of the fixed-rate loans that we have originated in recent years due to the favorable long-term rates for borrowers.

We currently offer several types of adjustable-rate mortgage loans secured by residential properties with interest rates that are fixed for an initial period of five to seven years. We offer adjustable-rate mortgage loans that are fully amortizing. After the initial fixed period, the interest rate on adjustable-rate mortgage loans generally resets every year based upon the weekly average of a one-year U.S. Treasury Securities rate plus an applicable margin, subject to periodic and lifetime limitations on interest rate changes. The adjustable rate mortgage loans we are currently offering have a 2% maximum annual rate change up or down, and a 6% lifetime cap. In our portfolio are also adjustable rate mortgage loans with a 1% maximum annual rate change up or down, and a 5% lifetime cap up from the initial rate. Interest rate changes are further limited by floors. After the initial fixed period, the interest rate will generally have a floor that is equal to the initial rate, but no less than 4.0% on our five and seven year adjustable-rate mortgage loans.    

Adjustable-rate mortgage loans generally present different credit risks than fixed-rate mortgage loans, This is primarily because the underlying debt service payments of the borrowers increase as interest rates increase, thereby increasing the potential for default and higher rates of delinquency in a rising interest rate environment. At the same time, the marketability of the underlying collateral may be adversely affected by higher interest rates. Since changes in the interest rates on adjustable-rate mortgages may be limited by an initial fixed-rate period or by the contractual limits on periodic interest rate adjustments, adjustable-rate loans may not adjust as quickly to increases in interest rates as our interest-bearing liabilities.

In addition to traditional one- to four-family residential mortgage loans, we offer home equity loans that are secured by a second mortgage on the borrower’s primary or secondary residence. Home equity loans are generally underwritten using the same criteria that we use to underwrite one- to four-family residential mortgage loans. Home equity loans may be underwritten with a loan-to-value ratio of up to 90% when combined with the principal balance of the existing first mortgage loan. Our home equity loans are primarily originated with fixed rates of interest with terms of up to 10 years, fully amortized. At June 30, 2023, approximately $2.4 million, or 1.5% of our one- to four-family mortgage loans were home equity loans secured by a second mortgage.

Home equity loans secured by second mortgages have greater risk than one- to four-family residential mortgage loans or home equity loans secured by first mortgages. We face the risk that the collateral will be insufficient to compensate us for loan losses and costs of foreclosure. When customers default on their loans, we attempt to foreclose on the property and resell the property as soon as possible to minimize foreclosure and carrying costs. However, the value of the collateral may not be sufficient to compensate us for the amount of the unpaid loan and we may be unsuccessful in recovering the remaining balance from those customers. Particularly with respect to our home equity loans, decreases in real estate values could adversely affect the value of property used as collateral for our loans.

We do not offer or purchase loans that provide for negative amortization of principal, such as “Option ARM” loans, where the borrower can pay less than the interest owed on the loan, resulting in an increased principal balance during the life of the loan.

We require title insurance on all of our one- to four-family residential mortgage loans, and we also require that borrowers maintain fire and extended coverage casualty insurance in an amount at least equal to the lesser of the loan balance or the replacement cost of the improvements. We also require flood insurance, as applicable. We do not conduct environmental testing on residential mortgage loans unless specific concerns for hazards are identified by the appraiser used in connection with the origination of the loan.

Commercial Real Estate and Multi-family Real Estate Loans. At June 30, 2023, $193.7 million, or 32.6% of our loan portfolio consisted of commercial real estate loans, and $89.6 million, or 15.1% of our loan portfolio consisted of multi-family (which we consider to be five or more units) residential real estate loans. At June 30, 2023, substantially all of our commercial real estate and multi-family real estate loans were secured by properties located in Illinois, Indiana and Missouri.

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Our commercial real estate mortgage loans are primarily secured by owner-occupied businesses, retail rentals, churches, student housing, office buildings, and farm loans secured by real estate. At June 30, 2023, loans secured by commercial real estate had an average loan balance of $621,000. We originate commercial real estate loans with balloon and adjustable rates of up to seven years with amortization up to 25 years. At June 30, 2023, $27.9 million or 14.4% of our commercial real estate loans had adjustable rates. The rates on our adjustable-rate commercial real estate loans are generally based on the prime rate of interest plus an applicable margin, and generally have a specified floor.

We originate multi-family loans with balloon and adjustable rates for terms of up to seven years with amortization up to 25 years. At June 30, 2023, $8.7 million or 9.7% of our multi-family loans had adjustable rates. The rates on our adjustable-rate multi-family loans are generally tied to the prime rate of interest plus or minus an applicable margin and generally have a specified floor.

In underwriting commercial real estate and multi-family real estate loans, we consider a number of factors, which include the projected net cash flow to the loan’s debt service requirement (generally requiring a minimum ratio of 120%), the age and condition of the collateral, the financial resources and income level of the borrower and the borrower’s experience in owning or managing similar properties. Commercial real estate and multi-family real estate loans are originated in amounts up to 80% of the appraised value or the purchase price of the property securing the loan, whichever is lower. Personal guarantees are typically obtained from commercial real estate and multi-family real estate borrowers. In addition, the borrower’s financial information on such loans is monitored on an ongoing basis by requiring periodic financial statement updates.

Commercial real estate and multi-family real estate loans generally carry higher interest rates and have shorter terms than one- to four-family residential mortgage loans. Commercial real estate and multi-family real estate loans, however, entail greater credit risks compared to the one- to four-family residential mortgage loans we originate, as they typically involve larger loan balances concentrated with single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. In addition, the payment of loans secured by income-producing properties typically depends on the successful operation of the property, as repayment of the loan generally is dependent, in large part, on sufficient income from the property to cover operating expenses and debt service. Changes in economic conditions that are not in the control of the borrower or lender could affect the value of the collateral for the loan or the future cash flow of the property. Additionally, any decline in real estate values may be more pronounced for commercial real estate and multi-family real estate than for one- to four-family residential properties.

At June 30, 2023, our largest commercial real estate loan had an outstanding balance of $9.8 million, was secured by an industrial warehouse, and was performing in accordance with its terms. At that date, our largest multi-family real estate loan had a balance of $7.1 million, was secured by a multi-unit apartment building, and was performing in accordance with its terms.

Home Equity Lines of Credit. In addition to traditional one- to four-family residential mortgage loans and home equity loans, we offer home equity lines of credit that are secured by the borrower’s primary or secondary residence. Home equity lines of credit are generally underwritten using the same criteria that we use to underwrite one- to four-family residential mortgage loans. Our home equity lines of credit are originated with either fixed or adjustable rates and may be underwritten with a loan-to-value ratio of up to 90% when combined with the principal balance of an existing first mortgage loan. Fixed-rate lines of credit are generally based on the prime rate of interest plus an applicable margin and have monthly payments of 1.5% of the outstanding balance. Adjustable-rate home equity lines of credit are based on the prime rate of interest plus or minus an applicable margin and require interest paid monthly. Both fixed and adjustable rate home equity lines of credit have balloon terms of five years. At June 30, 2023, we had $8.1 million, or 1.4% of our total loan portfolio in home equity lines of credit. At that date we had $11.3 million of undisbursed funds related to home equity lines of credit.

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Home equity lines of credit secured by second mortgages have greater risk than one- to four-family residential mortgage loans secured by first mortgages. We face the risk that the collateral will be insufficient to compensate us for loan losses and costs of foreclosure. When customers default on their loans, we attempt to foreclose on the property and resell the property as soon as possible to minimize foreclosure and carrying costs. However, the value of the collateral may not be sufficient to compensate us for the amount of the unpaid loan and we may be unsuccessful in recovering the remaining balance from those customers. Particularly with respect to our home equity lines of credit, decreases in real estate values could adversely affect the value of property securing the loan.

Commercial Business Loans. We also originate commercial non-mortgage business (term) loans and adjustable lines of credit. At June 30, 2023, we had $ 79.7 million of commercial business loans outstanding, representing 13.4% of our total loan portfolio. At that date, we also had $44.9 million of unfunded commitments on such loans. These loans are generally originated to small- and medium-sized companies in our primary market area. Our commercial business loans are generally used for working capital purposes or for acquiring equipment, inventory or furniture, and are primarily secured by business assets other than real estate, such as business equipment and inventory, accounts receivable or stock. We also offer agriculture loans that are not secured by real estate.

In underwriting commercial business loans, we generally lend up to 80% of the appraised value or purchase price of the collateral securing the loan, whichever is lower. The commercial business loans that we offer have fixed interest rates or adjustable rates indexed to the prime rate of interest plus an applicable margin, and with terms ranging from one to seven years. Our commercial business loan portfolio consists primarily of secured loans. When making commercial business loans, we consider the financial statements, lending history and debt service capabilities of the borrower (generally requiring a minimum ratio of 120%), the projected cash flows of the business and the value of the collateral, if any. Virtually all of our loans are guaranteed by the principals of the borrower.

Commercial business loans generally have a greater credit risk than one- to four-family residential mortgage loans. Unlike residential mortgage loans, which generally are made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from his or her employment and other income, and which are secured by real property whose value tends to be more easily ascertainable, commercial business loans are of higher risk and typically are made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from the cash flow of the borrower’s business. As a result, the availability of funds for the repayment of commercial business loans may be substantially dependent on the success of the business itself. Further, the collateral securing the loans may depreciate over time, may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value based on the success of the business. We seek to minimize these risks through our underwriting standards.

At June 30, 2023, our largest commercial business loan outstanding was for $3.4 million and was a commercial line of credit secured by an industrial warehouse. At June 30, 2023, this loan was performing in accordance with its terms.

Construction Loans. We also originate construction loans for one- to four-family residential properties and commercial real estate properties, including multi-family properties. At June 30, 2023, $51.0 million, or 8.6%, of our total loan portfolio, consisted of construction loans, which were secured by one- to four-family residential real estate, multi-family real estate properties and commercial real estate properties.

Construction loans for one- to four-family residential properties are originated with a maximum loan to value ratio of 85% and are generally “interest-only” loans during the construction period which typically does not exceed 12 months. After this time period, the loan converts to permanent, amortizing financing following the completion of construction. Construction loans for commercial real estate are made in accordance with a schedule reflecting the cost of construction, and are generally limited to an 80% loan-to-completed appraised value ratio. We generally require that a commitment for permanent financing be in place prior to closing the construction loan.

Construction financing generally involves greater credit risk than long-term financing on improved, owner-occupied real estate. Risk of loss on a construction loan depends largely upon the accuracy of the initial estimate of the value of the property at completion of construction compared to the estimated cost (including interest) of construction and other assumptions. If the estimate of construction cost is inaccurate, we may be required to advance additional funds beyond the amount originally committed in order to protect the value of the property.

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Moreover, if the estimated value of the completed project is inaccurate, the borrower may hold a property with a value that is insufficient to assure full repayment of the construction loan upon the sale of the property. Construction loans also expose us to the risk that improvements will not be completed on time in accordance with specifications and projected costs. In addition, the ultimate sale or rental of the property may not occur as anticipated.

At June 30, 2023, all of the construction loans that we originated were for one- to four-family residential properties, multi-family real estate properties and commercial real estate properties. The largest of such construction loans at June 30, 2023 was for an apartment building with first floor retail and had a principal balance of $11.8 million. This loan was performing in accordance with its terms at June 30, 2023.

Loan Originations, Purchases, Participations, Sales and Servicing. Lending activities are conducted primarily by our loan personnel operating in each office. All loans that we originate are underwritten pursuant to our standard policies and procedures. In addition, our one- to four-family residential mortgage loans generally incorporate Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago underwriting guidelines, as applicable. We originate both adjustable-rate and fixed-rate loans. Our ability to originate fixed- or adjustable-rate loans is dependent upon the relative customer demand for such loans, which is affected by current market interest rates as well as anticipated future market interest rates. Our loan origination and sales activity may be adversely affected by a rising interest rate environment which typically results in decreased loan demand. Most of our commercial real estate and commercial business loans are generated by our internal business development efforts and referrals from professional contacts. Most of our originations of one- to four-family residential mortgage loans, consumer loans and home equity loans and lines of credit are generated by existing customers, referrals from realtors, residential home builders, walk-in business and from our website.

Consistent with our interest rate risk strategy, in the low interest rate environment that has existed in recent years, we have sold on a servicing-released basis a substantial majority of the conforming, fixed-rate one- to four-family residential mortgage loans with maturities of 15 years or greater that we have originated.    

From time to time, we purchase loan participations in commercial loans in which we are not the lead lender secured by real estate and other business assets, primarily within 100 miles of our primary lending area. In these circumstances, we follow our customary loan underwriting and approval policies. We have sufficient capital to take advantage of these opportunities to purchase loan participations, as well as strong relationships with other community banks in our primary market area and throughout Illinois that may desire to sell participations, and we may increase our purchases of participations in the future as a growth strategy. At June 30, 2023 and 2022, the amount of commercial loan participations totaled $46.1 million and $30.0 million, respectively, of which $29.0 million and $13.2 million, at June 30, 2023 and 2022 were outside our primary market area.

We sell a portion of our fixed-rate residential mortgage loans to the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago under its Mortgage Partnership Finance Xtra Program and its Mortgage Partnership Finance Original Program. We retain servicing on all loans sold under these programs. During the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, we sold $7.9 million and $28.0 million of loans to the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago under the program. Prior to December 2008, we also retained some credit risk associated with loans sold to the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago. For additional information regarding retained risk associated with these loans, see “Allowance for Credit Losses—Other Credit Risk.”

Loan Approval Procedures and Authority. Our lending activities follow written, non-discriminatory underwriting standards and loan origination procedures established by our Board of Directors. The loan approval process is intended to assess the borrower’s ability to repay the loan and the value of the collateral that will secure the loan. To assess the borrower’s ability to repay, we review the borrower’s employment and credit history and information on the historical and projected income and expenses of the borrower. We will also evaluate a guarantor when a guarantee is provided as part of the loan.

Iroquois Federal’s policies and loan approval limits are established by our Board of Directors. Our loan officers generally have authority to approve one- to four-family residential mortgage loans up to $100,000, other secured loans up to $50,000, and unsecured loans up to $10,000. Managing Officers (those with designated loan approval authority) generally have authority to approve one- to four-family residential mortgage loans and other secured loans up to $375,000, and unsecured loans up to $100,000.

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In addition, any two individual officers may combine their loan authority limits to approve a loan. Our Loan Committee may approve one- to four-family residential mortgage loans, commercial real estate loans, multi-family real estate loans and land loans up to $2,000,000 and unsecured loans up to $500,000. All loans above these limits must be approved by the Operating Committee, consisting of the Chairman, and including, but not limited to, four board members.

We generally require appraisals from certified or licensed third party appraisers of all real property securing loans. When appraisals are ordered, they are done so through an agency independent of the Association or by staff independent of the loan approval process, in order to maintain a process free of any influence or pressure from any party that has an interest in the transaction.

Non-performing and Problem Assets

For all of our loans, once a loan is 15 days delinquent, a past due notice is mailed. Past due notices continue to be mailed monthly in the event the account is not brought current. Prior to the time a loan is 30 days past due, we attempt to contact the borrower by telephone. Thereafter we continue with follow-up calls. Generally, once a loan becomes 90-120 days delinquent, if no work-out efforts have been pursued, we commence the foreclosure or repossession process. A summary report of all loans 90 days or more past due and all criticized and classified loans is provided monthly to our Board of Directors.

Loans are evaluated for non-accrual status when payment of principal and/or interest is 90 days or more past due. Loans are also placed on non-accrual status when it is determined collection of principal or interest is in doubt or if the collateral is in jeopardy. When loans are placed on non-accrual status, unpaid accrued interest is fully reversed, and further income is recognized only to the extent received and only after the loan is returned to accrual status. The loans are typically returned to accrual status if unpaid principal and interest are repaid so that the loan is current.

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Non-Performing Assets. The table below sets forth the amounts and categories of our non-performing assets at the dates indicated. At June 30, 2023 and 2022, we had troubled debt restructurings of approximately $215,000 and $1.0 million, respectively. We had no loans that were delinquent 90 days or greater and still accruing interest at June 30, 2023, and we had one loan for $47,000 that was delinquent 90 days or greater and that was still accruing interest at June 30, 2022.

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At June 30, 2023, our non-accrual loans totaled $117,000. This non-accrual loan balance consisted of three commercial business loans totaling $115,000 with no specific allowance, and one consumer loan for $2,000 with no specific allowance.

Troubled Debt Restructurings. Troubled debt restructurings are defined under ASC 310-40 to include loans for which either a portion of interest or principal has been forgiven, or for loans modified at interest rates or on terms materially less favorable than current market rates. We periodically modify loans to extend the term or make other concessions to help borrowers stay current on their loans and to avoid foreclosure. At June 30, 2023 and 2022, we had troubled debt restructurings of approximately $215,000 and $998,000, respectively. At June 30, 2023 our troubled debt restructurings consisted of $189,000 of residential one- to four-family mortgage loans and $26,000 of commercial business loans, all of which were impaired.

For the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, gross interest income that would have been recorded had our troubled debt restructurings been performing in accordance with their original terms was $19,000 and $65,000, respectively. We recognized interest income of $19,000 and $19,000 on such modified loans for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Delinquent Loans. The following table sets forth certain information with respect to our loan portfolio delinquencies at the dates indicated.

Total delinquent loans decreased by $1.1 million to $202,000 at June 30, 2023 from $1.3 million at June 30, 2022. The decrease in delinquent loans was due primarily to a $1.2 million decrease in one- to four-family loans, partially offset by a $20,000 increase in home equity lines of credit and a $58,000 increase in commercial business loans.

Real Estate Owned and Foreclosed Assets. Real estate acquired by us as a result of foreclosure or by deed in lieu of foreclosure is classified as real estate owned. When property is acquired it is recorded at fair value less cost to sell at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. Estimated fair value generally represents the sale price a buyer would be willing to pay on the basis of current market conditions, including normal terms from other financial institutions, less the estimated costs to sell the property. Holding costs and declines in fair value result in charges to expense after acquisition. In addition, we could repossess certain collateral, including automobiles and other titled vehicles, called other repossessed assets. At June 30, 2023, we had $31,000 in foreclosed assets compared to $120,000 as of June 30, 2022. Foreclosed assets at June 30, 2023, consisted of $25,000 in residential real estate and $6,000 in other repossessed assets, while foreclosed assets at June 30, 2022, consisted of of $120,000 in residential real estate.

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Classification of Assets. Our policies, consistent with regulatory guidelines, provide for the classification of loans and other assets that are considered to be of lesser quality as substandard, doubtful, or loss assets. An asset is considered substandard if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard assets include those assets characterized by the distinct possibility that we will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as doubtful have all of the weaknesses inherent in those classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. Assets (or portions of assets) classified as loss are those considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as assets is not warranted. Assets that do not expose us to risk sufficient to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories, but which possess potential weaknesses that deserve our close attention, are required to be designated as watch.

When we classify assets as either substandard or doubtful, we undertake an impairment analysis which may result in allocating a portion of our general loss allowances to a specific allowance for such assets as we deem prudent. The allowance for credit losses is the amount estimated by management as necessary to absorb credit losses incurred in the loan portfolio that are both probable and reasonably estimable at the balance sheet date. When we classify a problem asset as loss, we charge off the asset. For other classified assets, we provide a specific allowance for that portion of the asset that is considered uncollectible. Our determination as to the classification of our assets and the amount of our loss allowances are subject to review by our principal federal regulator, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, which can require that we establish additional loss allowances. We regularly review our asset portfolio to determine whether any assets require classification in accordance with applicable regulations.

The following table sets forth our amounts of classified assets, assets designated as watch and total criticized assets (classified assets and loans designated as watch) as of the date indicated. Amounts shown at June 30, 2023 and 2022, include approximately $117,000 and $1.2 million of nonperforming loans, respectfully. The related specific valuation allowance in the allowance for loan losses for such nonperforming loans was $0 at both June 30, 2023 and 2022. Substandard assets shown include foreclosed assets.

At June 30, 2023, substandard assets consisted of $397,000 of one- to four-family residential mortgage loans, $244,000 in multi-family loans, $943,000 of commercial real estate loans, $4.3 million of commercial business loans, $5,000 of consumer loans, and $31,000 of foreclosed assets held for sale. At June 30, 2023, watch assets consisted of $335,000 of one- to four-family loans. At June 30, 2023, no assets were classified as doubtful or loss. Subsequent to June 30, 2023, substandard loans decreased by $2.8 million due to the payoff of a commercial business loan.

Other Loans of Concern. At June 30, 2023, there were no other loans or other assets that are not disclosed in the text or tables above where known information about the possible credit problems of borrowers caused us to have serious doubts as to the ability of the borrowers to comply with present loan repayment terms and which may result in disclosure of such loans in the future.

Other Credit Risk. We also have some credit risk associated with fixed-rate residential loans that we sold to the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago between 2000 and December 2008, and again starting in October 2015, under its Mortgage Partnership Finance (MPF) Original Program. However, while we retain the servicing of these loans and receive both service fees and credit enhancement fees, they are not our assets.

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We sold $ 7.4 million in loans under this program in the year ended June 30, 2023, and we continue to service approximately $88.3 million of these loans, for which our maximum potential credit risk is approximately $1.7 million. From June 2000 to June 30, 2023, we experienced only $176,000 in actual losses under the MPF Original Program. We have also sold loans to the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago since December 2008 under its Mortgage Partnership Finance Xtra Program. Unlike loans sold under the MPF Original Program, we do not retain any credit risk with respect to loans sold under the MPF Xtra Program.

Allowance for Credit Losses

Management’s opinion as to the ultimate collectability of loans is subject to estimates regarding future cash flows from operations and the value of property, real and personal, pledged as collateral. These estimates are affected by changing economic conditions and the economic prospects of borrowers.

The allowance for credit losses (ACL) represents the Company’s best estimate of the reserve necessary to adequately account for probable losses expected over the remaining contractual life of the assets. The provision for credit losses is the charge against current earnings that is determined by the Company as the amount needed to maintain an adequate allowance for credit losses. In determining the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses, and therefore the provision to be charged to current earnings, the Company relies on a sound credit review and approval process. The review process is directed by the overall lending policy and is intended to identify, at the earliest possible stage, borrowers who might be facing financial difficulty.

The Company adopted ASU 2016-13, effective July 1, 2022, and utilizes the CECL cohort methodology analysis which relies on segmenting the loan portfolio into pools with similar risks, tracking the performance of the pools over time, and using the data to determine pool loss experience.

The ACL is a valuation account that is deducted from the loans’ amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans and is established through provision for credit losses charged to current earnings. The ACL is increased by the provision for losses on loans charged to expense and reduced by loans charged off, net of recoveries. Loans are charged off in the period deemed uncollectible, based on management’s analysis of expected cash flows (for non-collateral dependent loans) or collateral value (for collateral-dependent loans). Subsequent recoveries of loans previously charged off, if any, are credited to the allowance when received.

Management estimates the ACL balance using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Adjustments may be made to historical loss information for differences identified in current loan-specific risk characteristics, such as differences in underwriting standards or terms; lending review systems; experience, ability, or depth of lending management and staff; portfolio growth and mix; delinquency levels and trends; as well as for changes in environmental conditions, such as changes in economic activity or employment, industry economic conditions, property values, or other relevant factors.

The allowance for credit losses on most loans is measured on a collective (pool) basis for loans with similar risk characteristics. The Company estimates the appropriate level of allowance for credit losses for non-performing loans by evaluating them separately.

The specific allowance for non-performing loans that are individually evaluated is measured by determining the fair value of the collateral adjusted for market conditions and selling expense. Factors used in identifying a specific problem loan include: (1) the strength of the customer’s personal or business cash flows; (2) the availability of other sources of repayment; (3) the amount due or past due; (4) the type and value of collateral; (5) the strength of the collateral position; (6) the estimated cost to sell the collateral; and (7) the borrower’s effort to cure the delinquency. In addition, for loans secured by real estate, the Company also considers the extent of any past due and unpaid property taxes applicable to the property serving as collateral on the mortgage.

The Company establishes a general allowance for loans that are not individually evaluated to recognize the inherent losses associated with lending activities, but which, unlike specific allowances, has not been allocated to particular problem assets. The general valuation allowance is determined by segmenting the loan portfolio into pools with similar risks and collecting data to determine pool loss experience.

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Factors considered by the Company in evaluating the overall adequacy of the allowance include historical net loan losses, the level and composition of nonaccrual, past due and troubled debt restructurings, trends in volumes and terms of loans, effects of changes in risk selection and underwriting standards or lending practices, lending staff changes, concentrations of credit, industry conditions and the current economic conditions in the region where the Company operates. In addition, a forecast, using reasonable and supportable future conditions, is prepared that is used to estimate expected changes to existing and historical conditions in the current period.

Prior to the July 1, 2022, adoption of ASU 2016-13, the allowance for loan and lease losses (ALLL) represented management’s best estimate of probable losses in the existing loan portfolio at the end of the reporting period. Integral to the methodology for determining the adequacy of the ALLL was portfolio segmentation and impairment measurement. Under the Company’s methodology, loans were first segmented into 1) those comprising large groups of homogeneous loans which are collectively evaluated for impairment and 2) all other loans which are individually evaluated. Those loans in the second category were further segmented utilizing a defined grading system which involves categorizing loans by severity of risk based on conditions that may affect the ability of the borrowers to repay their debt, such as current financial information, collateral valuations, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current trends. Loans were considered impaired if, based on current information and events, it was considered probable that the Company would be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement, and was generally based on the fair value, less estimated costs to sell, of the loan’s collateral. If the loan was not collateral-dependent, the measurement of impairment was based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the historical effective interest rate, or the observable market price of the loan. Impairment identified through this evaluation process was a component of the ALLL. If a loan was not considered impaired, it was grouped together with loans having similar characteristics (i.e., the same risk grade), and an ALLL was based upon a quantitative factor (historical average charge-offs) and qualitative factors such as certain management assumptions, changes in lending policies; national, regional, and local economic conditions; changes in mix and volume of portfolio; experience, ability, and depth of lending management and staff; entry to new markets; levels and trends of delinquent, nonaccrual, watch, and classified loans; concentrations of credit; changes in collateral values; agricultural economic conditions; and regulatory risk.

In addition, as an integral part of their examination process, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency will periodically review our allowance for credit losses. Such agency may require that we recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgments of information available to them at the time of their examination.

We periodically evaluate the carrying value of loans and the allowance is adjusted accordingly. While we use the best information available to make evaluations, future adjustments to the allowance may be necessary if conditions differ substantially from the information used in making the evaluations.

The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days past due unless the credit is well-secured and in process of collection. Past due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. In all instances, loans are placed on non-accrual or are charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal and interest is considered doubtful.

All interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on non-accrual or charged-off are reversed against interest income. The interest on these loans is accounted for on a cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Loans are returned to accrual status when all principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

The allowance for credit losses increased $87,000 to $7.1 million at June 30, 2023, from $7.1 million June 30, 2022. The increase was a result of loan growth, loan portfolio mix changes, and the impact of adopting ASU 2016-13.

While management believes that our asset quality remains strong, it recognizes that, due to the continued growth in the loan portfolio and the potential changes in market conditions, our level of nonperforming assets and resulting charges-offs may fluctuate. Higher levels of net charge-offs requiring additional provisions for credit losses could result. Although management uses the best information available, the level of the allowance for credit losses remains an estimate that is subject to significant judgment and short-term change.

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The following table sets forth activity in our allowance for credit losses at and for the periods indicated.

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Allocation of Allowance for Credit Losses. The following table sets forth the allowance for credit losses allocated by loan category and the percent of loans in each category to total loans at the dates indicated. The allowance for credit losses allocated to each category is not necessarily indicative of future losses in any particular category and does not restrict the use of the allowance to absorb losses in other categories.

Net charge-offs decreased to $12,000 for the year ended June 30, 2023, from $39,000 for the year ended June 30, 2022. Charge-offs for the year ended June 30, 2023 involved commercial business loans and consumer loans, while most of the charge-offs during the year ended June 30, 2022, involved one- to four-family residential real estate loans and consumer loans. In addition, non-performing loans decreased to $117,000 at June 30, 2023 from $1.2 million at June 30, 2022.

The allowance for credit losses increased $87,000, or 1.24%, and was $7.1 million at both June 30, 2023 and 2022. With the adoption of ASU 2016-13, effective July 1, 2022, a transaction adjustment increased the allowance for credit losses on loans by $47,000. This increase in allowance was primarily the result of an increase in our loan portfolio and was necessary in order to bring the allowance for credit losses to a level that reflects management’s best estimate of the reserve necessary to adequately account for probable losses expected over the remaining contractual life of the loans. At June 30, 2023, the allowance for credit losses represented 1.20% of total loans, compared to 1.34% of total loans, at June 30, 2022. The decrease in the allowance for credit losses on loans to total loans was due to decreases in classified loans, past due loans, troubled debt restructured loans and nonaccrual loans at June 30, 2023 from June 30, 2022. Also, the economic factors added for COVID-19 were decreased during the year.

Investments

We conduct investment transactions in accordance with our Board-approved investment policy. The investment policy is reviewed at least annually by the Budget and Investment Committee of the Board, and any changes to the policy are subject to ratification by the full Board of Directors. This policy dictates that investment decisions give consideration to the safety of the investment, liquidity requirements, potential returns, the ability to provide collateral for pledging requirements, minimizing exposure to credit risk, potential returns and consistency with our interest rate risk management strategy. Authority to make investments under approved guidelines is delegated to our Investment Committee, comprised of our President and Chief Executive Officer, our Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, our Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Lending Officer, and our Senior Vice President and Controller. All investments are reported to the Board of Directors at the next regular Board meeting.

Our current investment policy permits us to invest only in investment quality securities permitted by Office of the Comptroller of the Currency regulations, including U.S. Treasury or Government guaranteed securities, U.S. Government agency securities, securities issued or guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae, bank-qualified municipal securities, bank-qualified money market instruments, and bank-qualified corporate bonds. We do not engage in speculative trading. As of June 30, 2023, we held no asset-backed securities other than mortgage- backed securities. As a federal savings and loan association, Iroquois Federal is generally not permitted to invest in equity securities, although this general restriction will not apply to IF Bancorp, which may acquire up to 5% of voting securities of any company without regulatory approval.

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ASC 320-10, “Investment – Debt and Equity Securities” requires that, at the time of purchase, we designate a security as held-to-maturity, available-for-sale, or trading, depending on our ability and intent. Securities available for sale are reported at fair value, while securities held to maturity are reported at amortized cost. All of our securities are available for sale. We do not maintain a trading portfolio.

U.S. Government and Agency Debt Securities. While U.S. Government and federal agency securities generally provide lower yields than other investments, including mortgage-backed securities and interest-earning certificates of deposit, we maintain these investments, to the extent appropriate, for liquidity purposes and as collateral for borrowings.

Mortgage-Backed Securities. We invest in mortgage-backed securities insured or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or government sponsored enterprises. Mortgage-backed securities are created by pooling mortgages and issuing a security with an interest rate that is less than the interest rate on the underlying mortgages. Some securities pools are guaranteed as to payment of principal and interest to investors. Mortgage-backed securities generally yield less than the loans that underlie such securities because of the cost of payment guarantees and credit enhancements. However, mortgage-backed securities are more liquid than individual mortgage loans since there is an active trading market for such securities. In addition, mortgage-backed securities may be used to collateralize our specific liabilities and obligations. Finally, mortgage-backed securities are assigned lower risk weightings for purposes of calculating our risk-based capital level. Investments in mortgage-backed securities involve a risk that actual payments will be greater or less than the prepayment rate estimated at the time of purchase, which may require adjustments to the amortization of any premium or acceleration of any discount relating to such interests, thereby affecting the net yield on our securities. We periodically review current prepayment speeds to determine whether prepayment estimates require modification that could cause amortization or accretion adjustments. Also classified as agency mortgage-backed securities, are securities backed by debentures/loans for working capital to small businesses with limited or no access to private venture capital, and regulated by the Small Business Administration (SBA). Like other agency mortgage-backed securities, they are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government. They have zero risk weighting for purposes of calculating our risk-based capital level. With ten year maturities, these fixed rate bullet debentures pay interest semi-annually and principal at maturity. Prepayments are required to be in whole on any semi-annual payment date, and there are no prepayments penalties for deals issued since 2007. Therefore, the two sources of prepayment risk are voluntary prepays and defaults. In the event of default, the SBA may accelerate the payment equal to 100% of the outstanding principal balance, or the SBA will make the principal and interest payments.

Municipal Obligations. Iroquois Federal’s investment policy allows it to purchase municipal securities of credit-worthy issuers, and does not permit it to invest more than 10% of Iroquois Federal’s capital in the bonds of any single issuer. At June 30, 2023, we held $3.4 million of municipal securities, all of which were issued by local governments and school districts within our market area.

Federal Home Loan Bank Stock. At June 30, 2023, we held $3.1 million of Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago common stock in connection with our borrowing activities totaling $19.5 million. The common stock of the Federal Home Loan Bank is carried at cost and classified as a restricted equity security.

Bank-Owned Life Insurance. We invest in bank-owned life insurance to provide us with a funding source for our benefit plan obligations. Bank-owned life insurance also generally provides us noninterest income that is non-taxable. Federal regulations generally limit our investment in bank-owned life insurance to 25% of our Tier 1 capital plus our allowance for credit losses. At June 30, 2023, we had $14.8 million invested in bank-owned life insurance, which was 16.2% of our Tier 1 capital plus our allowance for credit losses.

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Portfolio Maturities and Yields. The composition and maturities of the investment securities portfolio at June 30, 2023 are summarized in the following table. At such date, all of our securities were available for sale. Maturities are based on the final contractual payment dates, and do not reflect the impact of prepayments or early redemptions that may occur. The yields on municipal securities have not been adjusted to a tax-equivalent basis.

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Sources of Funds

General. Deposits traditionally have been our primary source of funds for our lending and investment activities. We also borrow from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago, to supplement cash flow needs, to lengthen the maturities of liabilities for interest rate risk management purposes and to manage our cost of funds. Our additional sources of funds are the proceeds from the sale of loans originated for sale, scheduled loan payments, maturing investments, loan prepayments, retained earnings and income on other earning assets.

Deposits. We generate deposits primarily from the areas in which our branch offices are located. We rely on our competitive pricing, convenient locations and customer service to attract and retain both retail and commercial deposits.

We offer a variety of deposit accounts with a range of interest rates and terms. Our deposit accounts consist of statement savings accounts, certificates of deposit, money market accounts, commercial and regular checking accounts, individual retirement accounts and health savings accounts. From time to time we utilize brokered certificates of deposit or non-brokered certificates of deposit obtained through an internet listing service. At June 30, 2023, we had $19.5 million in brokered certificates of deposit and $2.9 million in non-brokered certificates of deposit obtained through an internet listing service.

Interest rates, maturity terms, service fees and withdrawal penalties are established on a periodic basis. Deposit rates and terms are based primarily on current operating strategies, including the cost of alternate sources of funds, and market interest rates, liquidity requirements, interest rates paid by competitors and our deposit growth goals.

The following tables set forth the distribution of our average total deposit accounts, by account type, for the periods indicated.

At June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, the aggregate amount of all uninsured deposits (deposits in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance limit of $250,000 per account) was $312.3 million and $333.9 million, respectively. At June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, the aggregate amount of all uninsured certificates of deposit was $46.7 million and $4.9 million, respectively. At June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, we had no deposits that were uninsured for any reason other than being in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limit. At June 30, 2023, our percentage of uninsured deposits, excluding public funds with pledged securities or letters of credit and internal accounts, is below 16%.

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The following table sets forth the maturity of our uninsured certificates of deposit at June 30, 2023.

Borrowings. Our borrowings at June 30, 2023, consisted of advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago and repurchase agreements. At June 30, 2023, we had the ability to borrow up to an additional $94.8 million from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago, we had $5.0 million available on our line of credit from CIBC BANK USA, and we also had the ability to borrow up to $55.9 million from the Federal Reserve Discount Window based on our current collateral pledged.

Personnel

At June 30, 2023, the Association had 104 full-time employees and 6 part-time employees, none of whom is represented by a collective bargaining unit. Iroquois Federal believes that its relationship with its employees is good.

Subsidiaries

IF Bancorp conducts its principal business activities through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Iroquois Federal Savings and Loan Association. The Iroquois Federal Savings and Loan Association has one wholly-owned subsidiary, L.C.I. Service Corporation, an insurance agency with offices in Watseka and Danville, Illinois.

REGULATION AND SUPERVISION

General

Iroquois Federal is subject to regulation, examination and supervision by the OCC. Iroquois Federal is also regulated, to a lesser extent, by the FDIC with respect to insurance of deposit accounts and the Federal Reserve Board, with respect to reserves to be maintained against deposits, the payment of dividends and other matters. This regulation and supervision establishes a comprehensive framework of activities in which an institution may engage and is intended primarily for the protection of the FDIC’s deposit insurance fund and depositors, and not for the protection of stockholders. Iroquois Federal also is a member of and owns stock in the FHLB-Chicago, which is one of the 11 regional banks in the Federal Home Loan Bank System.

Under this system of regulation, the regulatory authorities have extensive discretion in connection with their supervisory, enforcement, rulemaking and examination activities and policies, including rules or policies that: establish minimum capital levels; restrict the timing and amount of dividend payments; govern the classification of assets; determine the adequacy of loan loss reserves for regulatory purposes; and establish the timing and amounts of assessments and fees. Moreover, as part of their examination authority, the banking regulators assign numerical ratings to banks and savings institutions relating to capital, asset quality, management, liquidity, earnings and other factors. The receipt of a less than satisfactory rating in one or more categories may result in enforcement action by the banking regulators against a financial institution. A less than satisfactory rating may also prevent a financial institution, such as Iroquois Federal or its holding company, from obtaining necessary regulatory approvals to access the capital markets, pay dividends, acquire other financial institutions or establish new branches.

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In addition, we must comply with significant anti-money laundering and anti-terrorism laws and regulations, Community Reinvestment Act laws and regulations, and fair lending laws and regulations. Government agencies have the authority to impose monetary penalties and other sanctions on institutions that fail to comply with these laws and regulations, which could significantly affect our business activities, including our ability to acquire other financial institutions or expand our branch network.

As a savings and loan holding company, IF Bancorp is required to comply with the rules and regulations of the Federal Reserve Board and to file certain reports with and is subject to examination by the Federal Reserve Board. IF Bancorp is also subject to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission under the federal securities laws.

Any change in applicable laws or regulations, whether by the OCC, the FDIC, the Federal Reserve Board or Congress, could have a material adverse impact on the operations and financial performance of IF Bancorp and Iroquois.

Set forth below is a brief description of material regulatory requirements that are applicable to Iroquois Federal and IF Bancorp. The description is limited to certain material aspects of the statutes and regulations addressed, and is not intended to be a complete description of such statutes and regulations and their effects on Iroquois Federal and IF Bancorp.

Federal Banking Regulation

Business Activities. A federal savings bank derives its lending and investment powers from the Home Owners’ Loan Act, as amended, and applicable federal regulations. Under these laws and regulations, Iroquois Federal may invest in mortgage loans secured by residential and commercial real estate, commercial business and consumer loans, certain types of debt securities and certain other assets, subject to applicable limits. Iroquois Federal may also establish subsidiaries that may engage in certain activities not otherwise permissible for Iroquois Federal, including real estate investment and securities and insurance brokerage.

Effective July 1, 2019, the OCC issued a final rule, pursuant to federal legislation, that permits a federal savings association to elect to exercise national bank powers without converting to a national bank charter. The election is available to any federal savings association that had total consolidated assets of $20 billion or less as of December 31, 2017. The effect of the so-called “covered savings association” election is that a federal savings association generally has the same rights and privileges, including broad commercial lending authority as a national bank, that has its main office in the same location as the home office of the covered savings association. The covered savings association is also subject to the same duties, restrictions, liabilities and limitations applicable to a national bank.    A covered savings association retains its federal savings association charter and continues to be subject to the corporate governance laws and regulations applicable to such associations, including as to its bylaws, board of directors and shareholders, capital distributions and mergers. Iroquois Federal has not made such an election.

Capital Requirements. Federal regulations require federally insured depository institutions to meet several minimum capital standards: a common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio, a Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio, a total capital to risk-based assets, and a Tier 1 capital to total assets leverage ratio.

The risk-based capital standards for savings associations require the maintenance of common equity Tier 1 capital, Tier 1 capital and total capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 4.5%, 6% and 8%, respectively. In determining the amount of risk-weighted assets, all assets, including certain off-balance sheet assets, are multiplied by a risk-weight factor assigned by the regulations based on the risks believed inherent in the type of asset. Common equity Tier 1 capital is generally defined as common stockholders’ equity and retained earnings. Tier 1 capital is generally defined as common equity Tier 1 and additional Tier 1 capital. Additional Tier 1 capital includes certain noncumulative perpetual preferred stock and related surplus and minority interests in equity accounts of consolidated subsidiaries. Total capital includes Tier 1 capital (common equity Tier 1 capital plus additional Tier 1 capital) and Tier 2 capital. Tier 2 capital is comprised of capital instruments and related surplus, meeting specified requirements, and may include cumulative preferred stock and long-term perpetual preferred stock, mandatory convertible securities, intermediate preferred stock and subordinated debt.

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Also included in Tier 2 capital is the allowance for loan and lease losses limited to a maximum of 1.25% of risk-weighted assets and, for institutions that have exercised an opt-out election regarding the treatment of Accumulated other comprehensive income, up to 45% of net unrealized gains on available-for-sale equity securities with readily determinable fair market values. Calculation of all types of regulatory capital is subject to deductions and adjustments specified in the regulations. In assessing an institution’s capital adequacy, the OCC takes into consideration, not only these numeric factors, but qualitative factors as well, and has the authority to establish higher capital requirements for individual associations where necessary

In addition to establishing the minimum regulatory capital requirements, the regulations limit capital distributions, including dividend payments and stock repurchases, and certain discretionary bonus payments to management if the institution does not hold a “capital conservation buffer” consisting of 2.5% of common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted asset above the amount necessary to meet all three of its minimum risk-based capital requirements: Common Equity Tier 1, Tier 1 capital and total capital.

Legislation enacted in May 2018, required the federal banking agencies, including the OCC, to establish for institutions with assets of less than $10 billion a “community bank leverage ratio” of between 8 to 10%. Institutions with capital equaling or exceeding the ratio and otherwise meeting the specified requirements (including off-balance sheet exposures of 25% or less of total assets and trading assets and liabilities of 5% or less of total assets) and electing the alternative framework are considered to comply with the applicable regulatory capital requirements, including the risk-based requirements.

The community bank leverage ratio was established at 9% Tier 1 capital to total average assets, effective January 1, 2020. A qualifying institution may opt in and out of the community bank leverage ratio framework on its quarterly call report. An institution that temporarily ceases to meet any qualifying criteria is provided with a two quarter grace period to again achieve compliance. Failure to meet the qualifying criteria within the grace period or maintain a leverage ratio of 9% or greater requires the institution to comply with the generally applicable capital requirements.

Iroquois Federal opted into the community bank leverage ratio framework effective with the quarter ended March 31, 2020.

At June 30, 2023, Iroquois Federal’s capital exceeded all applicable requirements.

Loans to One Borrower. Generally, a federal savings bank may not make a loan or extend credit to a single or related group of borrowers in excess of 15% of unimpaired capital and surplus. An additional amount may be loaned, equal to 10% of unimpaired capital and surplus, if the loan is secured by readily marketable collateral, which generally does not include real estate.

On July 30, 2012 Iroquois Federal received approval from the OCC to participate in the Supplemental Lending Limits Program (SLLP). This program allows eligible savings associations to make additional residential real estate loans or extensions of credit to one borrower, small business loans or extensions of credit to one borrower, or small farm loans or extensions of credit to one borrower, in the lesser of the following two amounts: (1) 10% of its capital and surplus; or (2) the percentage of capital and surplus, in excess of 15%, that a state bank is permitted to lend under the state lending limit that is available for loans secured by one- to four-family residential real estate, small business loans, small farm loans or unsecured loans in the state where the main office of the savings association is located. For Iroquois Federal, this additional limit (or “supplemental limit”) for one- to four-family residential real estate, small business, or small farm loans is 10% of its capital and surplus. In addition, the total outstanding amount of Iroquois Federal’s loans or extensions of credit or parts of loans and extensions of credit made to all of Iroquois Federal’s borrowers under the SLLP may not exceed 100% of Iroquois Federal’s capital and surplus. Iroquois Federal uses the supplemental limit for its loans to one borrower infrequently, and all such credit facilities must receive prior approval by the Board of Directors.

As of June 30, 2023, Iroquois Federal was in compliance with its loans-to-one borrower limitations.

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Qualified Thrift Lender Test. As a federal savings bank that has not exercised the covered savings association election, Iroquois Federal must either qualify as a “domestic building and loan association” within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Code or satisfy the qualified thrift lender, or “QTL,” test. Under the QTL test, Iroquois Federal must maintain at least 65% of its “portfolio assets” in “qualified thrift investments” in at least nine months of the most recent 12 months. “Portfolio assets” generally means total assets of a savings institution, less the sum of specified liquid assets up to 20% of total assets, goodwill and other intangible assets, and the value of property used in the conduct of the savings institution’s business. A savings bank that fails the qualified thrift lender test must operate under specified restrictions specified in the Home Owners’ Loan Act. The Dodd-Frank Act made noncompliance with the QTL Test potentially subject to agency enforcement action for a violation of law. At June 30, 2023, Iroquois Federal held 69.0% of its “portfolio assets” in “qualified thrift investments,” and satisfied the QTL Test.

Capital Distributions. Federal regulations govern capital distributions by a federal savings bank, which include cash dividends, stock repurchases and other transactions charged to the capital account. A savings bank must file an application for approval of a capital distribution if: