Underwriting Agreement

 

Keefe, Bruyette & Woods, Inc.

Piper Sandler & Co.

As Representatives of the

several Underwriters listed

in Schedule 1 hereto

c/o Keefe, Bruyette & Woods, Inc.

787 7th Avenue, 4th Floor

New York, New York 10019

c/o Piper Sandler & Co.

1251 Avenue of the Americas, 6th Floor

New York, New York 10020

 

Bowhead Specialty Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), proposes to issue and sell to the several Underwriters listed in Schedule 1 hereto (the “Underwriters”), for whom you are acting as representatives (the “Representatives”), aggregate $150,000,000 principal amount of its 7.750% Senior Notes due 2030 (the “Securities”).  The Securities will be issued pursuant to an Indenture to be dated as of November 25, 2025 (the “Base Indenture”) between the Company, and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”), as amended and supplemented including by the Supplemental Indenture, to be dated as of November 25, 2025 (together with the Base Indenture, the “Indenture”) between the Company and the Trustee.

 

The Company hereby confirms its agreement with the several Underwriters concerning the purchase and sale of the Securities, as follows:

 

1.           Registration Statement.  The Company has prepared and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder (collectively, the “Securities Act”), a registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-287859), including a prospectus, relating to the Securities.  Such registration statement, as amended at the time it became effective, including the information, if any, deemed pursuant to Rule 430A, 430B, or 430C under the Securities Act to be part of the registration statement at the time of its effectiveness (“Rule 430 Information”) is referred to herein as the “Registration Statement”; and as used herein, the term “Preliminary Prospectus” means each prospectus included in such registration statement (and any amendments thereto) before effectiveness, any prospectus relating to the Securities filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(a) under the Securities Act and the prospectus included in the Registration Statement at the time of its effectiveness that omits Rule 430 information and the term “Prospectus” means the prospectus in the form first used (or made available upon request of purchasers pursuant to Rule 173 under the Securities Act) in connection with confirmation of sales of the Securities.  If the Company has filed an abbreviated registration statement pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act (the “Rule 462 Registration Statement”), then any reference herein to the term “Registration Statement” shall be deemed to include such Rule 462 Registration Statement.  Any reference in this agreement (this “Agreement”) to the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the documents incorporated by reference therein pursuant to Item 12 of Form S-3 under the Securities Act, as of the effective date of the Registration Statement or the date of such Preliminary Prospectus, or the Prospectus, as the case may be and any reference to “amend”, “amendment” or “supplement” with respect to the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include any documents filed after such date under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder (collectively, the “Exchange Act”) that are deemed to be incorporated by reference therein.  Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to such terms in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus.

 

At or prior to the time when sales of the Securities were first made (the “Time of Sale”), the Company had prepared the following information (collectively, the “Time of Sale Information”): a Preliminary Prospectus dated November 19, 2025, and the Pricing Term Sheet listed on Annex A hereto.

 

2.           Purchase and Sale of the Securities.

(a)        The Company agrees to issue and sell the Securities to the several Underwriters as provided in this Agreement, and each Underwriter, on the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements set forth herein and subject to the conditions set forth herein, agrees, severally and not jointly, to purchase from the Company the respective principal amount of Securities set forth opposite such Underwriter’s name in Schedule 1 hereto at a price equal to 98.00% of the principal amount thereof plus accrued interest, if any, from November 25, 2025 to the Closing Date (as defined below).  The Company will not be obligated to deliver any of the Securities except upon payment for all the Securities to be purchased as provided herein.

 

(b)        The Company understands that the Underwriters intend to make a public offering of the Securities as soon after the effectiveness of this Agreement as in the judgment of the Representatives is advisable, and initially to offer the Securities on the terms set forth in the Time of Sale Information.  The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Underwriters may offer and sell Securities to or through any affiliate of an Underwriter and that any such affiliate may offer and sell Securities purchased by it to or through any Underwriter.

 

(c)        Payment for and delivery of the Securities will be made at the offices of Latham & Watkins, 1271 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10020 at 10:00 A.M., New York City time, on November 25, 2025, or at such other time or place on the same or such other date, not later than the fifth business day thereafter, as the Representatives and the Company may agree upon in writing.  The time and date of such payment and delivery is referred to herein as the “Closing Date”.

 

(d)        Payment for the Securities shall be made by wire transfer in immediately available funds to the account(s) specified by the Company to the Representatives against delivery to the nominee of The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”), for the account of the Underwriters, of one or more global notes representing the Securities (collectively, the “Global Security”), with any transfer taxes payable in connection with the sale of the Securities duly paid by the Company.  The Global Security will be made available for inspection by the Representatives not later than 1:00 P.M., New York City time, on the business day prior to the Closing Date.

 

(e)        The Company acknowledges and agrees that each Underwriter is acting solely in the capacity of an arm’s length contractual counterparty to the Company with respect to the offering of Securities contemplated hereby (including in connection with determining the terms of the offering) and not as a financial advisor or a fiduciary to, or an agent of, the Company or any other person.  Additionally, neither the Representatives nor any other Underwriter is advising the Company or any other person as to any legal, tax, investment, accounting or regulatory matters in any jurisdiction.  The Company shall consult with its own advisors concerning such matters and shall be responsible for making its own independent investigation and appraisal of the transactions contemplated hereby, and the Underwriters shall have no responsibility or liability to the Company with respect thereto. Any review by the Representatives or any Underwriter of the Company, the transactions contemplated hereby or other matters relating to such transactions will be performed solely for the benefit of the Representatives or such Underwriter, as the case may be, and shall not be on behalf of the Company, as the case may be, or any other person.

 

3.           Representations and Warranties of the Company.  The Company represents and warrants to each Underwriter that:

 

(a)        Preliminary Prospectus.  No order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus has been issued by the Commission, and each Preliminary Prospectus, at the time of filing thereof, complied in all material respects with the Securities Act and did not, at the timing of filing thereof, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided that the Company makes no representation or warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use in any Preliminary Prospectus.

 

(b)        Time of Sale Information. The Time of Sale Information, at the Time of Sale did not, and at the Closing Date will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided that the Company makes no representation or warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use in the Preliminary Prospectus, the Time of Sale Information or the Prospectus, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the Underwriter Information (as defined below).  No statement of material fact included in the Prospectus has been omitted from the Time of Sale Information and no statement of material fact included in the Time of Sale Information that is required to be included in the Prospectus has been omitted therefrom.

 

(c)        Issuer Free Writing Prospectus.  Other than the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, the Company (including its agents and representatives, other than the Underwriters in their capacity as such) has not prepared, made, used, authorized, approved or referred to and will not prepare, make, use, authorize, approve or refer to any “written communication” (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) that constitutes an offer to sell or solicitation of an offer to buy the Securities (each such communication by the Company or its agents and representatives (other than a communication referred to in clauses (i) (ii) and (iii) below) an “Issuer Free Writing Prospectus”) other than (i) any document not constituting a prospectus pursuant to Section 2(a)(10)(a) of the Securities Act or Rule 134 under the Securities Act, (ii) the Preliminary Prospectus, (iii) the Prospectus, (iv) the documents listed on Annex A hereto, including a Pricing Term Sheet substantially in the form of Annex C hereto, which constitute part of the Time of Sale Information and (v) each electronic road show or any other written communications, in each case approved in writing in advance by the Representatives.  Each such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus complies in all material respects with the Securities Act, has been or will be (within the time period specified in Rule 433) filed in accordance with the Securities Act (to the extent required thereby) and, when taken together with the Preliminary Prospectus accompanying, or delivered prior to delivery of, such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, at the Time of Sale, did not, and at the Closing Date will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided that the Company makes no representation or warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in each such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use in such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the Underwriter Information.

 

 

 

(f)        Registration Statement and Prospectus.  The Registration Statement has been declared effective by the Commission.  No order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement has been issued by the Commission and no proceeding for that purpose or pursuant to Section 8A of the Securities Act against the Company or related to the offering has been initiated or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened by the Commission; as of the applicable effective date of the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, the Registration Statement complied and will comply in all material respects with the Securities Act and the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder (the “Trust Indenture Act”), and did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading; and as of the date of the Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto and as of the Closing Date, the Prospectus will comply in all material respects with the Securities Act and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided that  the Company makes no representation or warranty with respect to (i) that part of the Registration Statement that constitutes the Statement of Eligibility and Qualification (Form T-1) of the Trustee under the Trust Indenture Act or (ii) any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the Underwriter Information.

 

(g)        Incorporated Documents.  The documents incorporated by reference in each of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Time of Sale Information, when they were filed with the Commission conformed in all material respects to the requirements of the Exchange Act, and none of such documents contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; and any further documents so filed and incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or the Time of Sale Information, when such documents become effective or are filed with the Commission, as the case may be, will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, as applicable, and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

 

(h)        Financial Statements.  The financial statements (including the related notes thereto) of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus comply in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and present fairly in all material respects the financial position of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries as of the dates indicated and the results of their operations and the changes in their cash flows for the periods specified; such financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the United States applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods covered thereby, and any supporting schedules included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement present fairly in all material respects the information required to be stated therein; and the other financial information included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus has been derived from the accounting records of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries and presents fairly in all material respects the information shown thereby; all disclosures included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus regarding “non-GAAP financial measures” (as such term is defined by the rules and regulations of Commission) comply with Regulation G of the Exchange Act and Item 10 of Regulation S-K of the Securities Act, to the extent applicable.

 

(i)        No Material Adverse Change.  Since the date of the most recent financial statements of the Company included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus, (i) there has not been any change in the capital stock (other than the issuance of shares of common stock upon exercise of stock options and warrants described as outstanding in, and the grant of options and awards under existing equity incentive plans described in, the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus) of the Company, any material change in the short-term debt or long-term debt of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or any dividend or distribution of any kind declared, set aside for payment, paid or made by the Company on any class of capital stock, or any material adverse change, or any development involving a prospective material adverse change, in or affecting the business, properties, management, financial position, stockholders’ equity, results of operations or prospects of the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole; (ii) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has entered into any transaction or agreement (whether or not in the ordinary course of business) that is material to the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole or incurred any liability or obligation, direct or contingent, that is material to the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole; and (iii) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has sustained any loss or interference with its business that is material to the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole and that is either from fire, explosion, flood or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any labor disturbance or dispute or any action, order or decree of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, except in each case as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus.

 

(j)        Organization and Good Standing.  The Company and each of its subsidiaries has been duly incorporated and are validly existing and in good standing (to the extent such concept exists in the relevant jurisdictions) under the laws of their respective jurisdictions of organization, are duly qualified to do business and are in good standing in each jurisdiction in which their respective ownership or lease of property or the conduct of their respective businesses requires such qualification, and have all power and authority necessary to own or hold their respective properties and to conduct the businesses in which they are engaged, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing or have such power or authority would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on the business, properties, management, financial position, stockholders’ equity, results of operations or prospects of the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole or on the performance by the Company of its obligations under this Agreement (a “Material Adverse Effect”).  The subsidiaries listed in Schedule 2 to this Agreement are the only significant subsidiaries of the Company.

 

(k)        Capitalization.  The Company has an authorized capitalization as set forth in each of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus; and all the outstanding shares of capital stock or other equity interests of each subsidiary owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company have been duly authorized and validly issued, are fully paid and non-assessable and are owned directly or indirectly by the Company, free and clear of any lien, charge, encumbrance, security interest, restriction on voting or transfer or any other claim of any third party (other than as described in the Registration Statement, Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus).

 

 

(m)        Due Authorization.  The Company has full corporate rights, power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement, the Securities and the Indenture (collectively, the “Transaction Documents”) and to perform its obligations hereunder and thereunder; and all action required to be taken for the due and proper authorization, execution and delivery by it of the Transaction Documents and the consummation of the transactions contemplated thereby has been duly and validly taken.

 

(n)        The Indenture. The Indenture has been duly authorized by the Company and on the Closing Date will be duly executed and delivered by the Company and, when duly executed and delivered in accordance with its terms by each of the parties thereto, will constitute a valid and legally binding agreement of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except as enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally or by equitable principles relating to enforceability (collectively, the “Enforceability Exceptions”); and on the Closing Date the Indenture will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act.

 

(o)        The Securities.  The Securities have been duly authorized by the Company and, when duly executed, authenticated, issued and delivered as provided in the Indenture and paid for as provided herein, will be duly and validly issued and outstanding and will constitute valid and legally binding obligations of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, subject to the Enforceability Exceptions, and will be entitled to the benefits of the Indenture.

 

(p)        Underwriting Agreement.  This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company.

 

(q)         [Reserved.]

 

(r)        Descriptions of the Transaction Documents.  Each Transaction Document conforms in all material respects to the description thereof contained in each of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus.

 

(s)        No Violation or Default.  Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is (i) in violation of its charter or by-laws or similar organizational documents; (ii) in default, and no event has occurred that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would constitute such a default, in the due performance or observance of any term, covenant or condition contained in any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is bound or to which any property or asset of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is subject; or (iii) in violation of any law or statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its subsidiaries, except, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii) above, for any such default or violation that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

(t)        No Conflicts.  The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of each of the Transaction Documents to which each is a party, the issuance and sale of the Securities and compliance by the Company with the terms thereof and the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents will not (i) conflict with or result in a breach or violation of any of the terms or provisions of, or constitute a default under, result in the termination, modification or acceleration of, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property, right or asset of the Company or any of its subsidiaries pursuant to, any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is bound or to which any property, right or asset of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is subject, (ii) result in any violation of the provisions of the charter or by-laws or similar organizational documents of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or (iii) result in the violation of any law or statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its subsidiaries, except, in the case of clauses (i) and (iii) above, for any such conflict, breach, violation, default, lien, charge or encumbrance that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

(u)        No Consents Required.  No consent, approval, authorization, order, registration or qualification of or with any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority is required for the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of each of the Transaction Documents, the issuance and sale of the Securities and compliance by the Company with the terms thereof and the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, except for (i) the registration of the Securities under the Securities Act, (ii) the qualification of the Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act and (iii) such consents, approvals, authorizations, orders and registrations or qualifications as may be required by the Exchange, Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”) and under applicable state securities laws in connection with the purchase and distribution of the Securities by the Underwriters.

 

(v)        Legal Proceedings.  Except as described in each of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus, there are no legal, governmental or regulatory investigations, actions, demands, claims, suits, arbitrations, inquiries or proceedings (“Actions”) pending to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is or may reasonably be expected to become a party or to which any property of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is or may reasonably be expected to become the subject that, individually or in the aggregate, if determined adversely to the Company or any of its subsidiaries, could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; to the knowledge of the Company, no such Actions are threatened or, contemplated by any governmental or regulatory authority or threatened by others; and (i) there are no current or pending Actions that are required under the Securities Act to be described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus that are not so described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus and (ii) there are no statutes, regulations or contracts or other documents that are required under the Securities Act to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement or described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus that are not so filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement or described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus.

 

(w)        Independent Accountants.  PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, which has certified certain financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries is an independent registered public accounting firm with respect to the Company and its subsidiaries within the applicable rules and regulations adopted by the Commission and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) and as required by the Securities Act.

 

(x)        Title to Real and Personal Property.  The Company and its subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to, or have valid rights to lease or otherwise use, all items of real and personal property (other than with respect to Intellectual Property (as defined below), which is addressed exclusively in subsection (y) below) that are material to the business of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, in each case free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, claims and defects and imperfections of title except those that (i) secure the credit facility governed by the credit agreement dated as of April 22, 2024, by and among the Company, the lenders from time to time party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, swingline lender and issuing bank, together with any other documents, agreements or instruments delivered in connection therewith, (ii) do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and its subsidiaries or (iii) could not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

(y)        Intellectual Property.  Except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect, (i) the Company and its subsidiaries own or have the right to use all patents, patent applications, trademarks, service marks, trade names, trademark registrations, service mark registrations, domain names and other source indicators, copyrights and copyrightable works, know-how, trade secrets, systems, procedures, proprietary or confidential information and all other worldwide intellectual property, industrial property and proprietary rights (collectively, “Intellectual Property”) necessary in the conduct of their respective businesses as currently conducted; (ii) to the knowledge of the Company, the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ conduct of their respective businesses does not infringe, misappropriate or otherwise violate any Intellectual Property of any person; (iii) the Company and its subsidiaries have not received any written notice of any claim relating to Intellectual Property; and (iv) to the knowledge of the Company, the Intellectual Property of the Company and its subsidiaries is not being infringed, misappropriated or otherwise violated by any person.

 

(z)        No Undisclosed Relationships.  No relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among the Company or any of its subsidiaries, on the one hand, and the directors, officers, stockholders, customers, suppliers or other affiliates of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, on the other, that is required by the Securities Act to be described in each of the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and that is not so described in such documents and in the Time of Sale Information.

 

(aa)        Investment Company Act.  The Company is not required to register as an “investment company” or an entity “controlled” by an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.

 

(bb)        Taxes.  The Company and its subsidiaries have paid all federal, state, local and foreign taxes (except as are currently being contested in good faith and for which appropriate reserves are being maintained in accordance with GAAP) and filed all tax returns (or timely filed applicable extensions therefor) required to be paid or filed through the date hereof; and except as otherwise disclosed in each of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus, there is no tax deficiency that has been, or would reasonably be expected to be, asserted against the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any of their respective properties or assets, except, in each case, as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

(cc)        Licenses and Permits.  The Company and its subsidiaries possess all licenses, sub-licenses, certificates, permits and other authorizations issued by, and have made all declarations and filings with, the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign governmental or regulatory authorities that are necessary for the ownership or lease of their respective properties or the conduct of their respective businesses as described in each of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus, except where the failure to possess or make the same would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect; and except as described in each of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received notice of any revocation or modification of any such license, sub-license, certificate, permit or authorization or has any reason to believe that any such license, sub-license, certificate, permit or authorization will not be renewed in the ordinary course, except, in each case, as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

(dd)        No Labor Disputes.  No labor disturbance by or dispute with employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is contemplated or threatened, and the Company is not aware of any existing or imminent labor disturbance by, or dispute with, the employees of any of its or its subsidiaries’ principal suppliers, contractors or customers, except as would not have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received any notice of cancellation or termination with respect to any collective bargaining agreement to which it is a party, except as would not be reasonably expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

(ee)        Certain Environmental Matters.  (i) The Company and its subsidiaries (x) are in compliance with all, and have not violated any, applicable federal, state, local and foreign laws (including common law), rules, regulations, requirements, decisions, judgments, decrees, orders and other legally enforceable requirements relating to pollution or the protection of human health or safety, the environment, natural resources, hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants (collectively, “Environmental Laws”); (y) have received and are in compliance with all, and have not violated any, permits, licenses, certificates or other authorizations or approvals required of them under any Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses; and (z) have not received notice of any actual or potential liability or obligation under or relating to, or any actual or potential violation of, any Environmental Laws, including for the investigation or remediation of any disposal or release of hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants, and have no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in any such notice; (ii) to the knowledge of the Company, there are no costs or liabilities associated with Environmental Laws of or relating to the Company or its subsidiaries, except in the case of each of (i) and (ii) above, for any such matter as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and (iii) except as described in each of the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus, (x) there is no proceeding that is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, contemplated, against the Company or any of its subsidiaries under any Environmental Laws in which a governmental entity is also a party, other than such proceedings regarding which the Company reasonably believes no monetary sanctions of $300,000 or more will be imposed, (y) the Company and its subsidiaries are not aware of any facts or issues regarding compliance with Environmental Laws, or liabilities or other obligations under Environmental Laws or concerning hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants, that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, and (z) none of the Company or its subsidiaries anticipates material capital expenditures relating to any Environmental Laws.

 

(ff)        Compliance with ERISA.  (i) Each employee benefit plan, within the meaning of Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), for which the Company or any member of its “Controlled Group” (defined as any entity, whether or not incorporated, that is under common control with the Company within the meaning of Section 4001(a)(14) of ERISA or any entity that would be regarded as a single employer with the Company under Section 414(b),(c),(m) or (o) of the Code) would have any liability (each, a “Plan”) has been maintained in compliance with its terms and the requirements of any applicable statutes, orders, rules and regulations, including but not limited to ERISA and the Code; (ii) no prohibited transaction, within the meaning of Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, has occurred with respect to any Plan, excluding transactions effected pursuant to a statutory or administrative exemption; (iii) no Plan has failed (whether or not waived), or is reasonably expected to fail, to satisfy the minimum funding standards (within the meaning of Section 302 of ERISA or Section 412 of the Code) applicable to such Plan; (iv) no Plan is, or is reasonably expected to be, in “at risk status” (within the meaning of Section 303(i) of ERISA) and no Plan that is a “multiemployer plan” within the meaning of Section 4001(a)(3) of ERISA is in “endangered status” or “critical status” (within the meaning of Sections 304 and 305 of ERISA); (v) the fair market value of the assets of each Plan exceeds the present value of all benefits accrued under such Plan (determined based on those assumptions used to fund such Plan); (vi) no “reportable event” (within the meaning of Section 4043(c) of ERISA and the regulations promulgated thereunder) has occurred or is reasonably expected to occur; (vii) each Plan that is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code is so qualified, and nothing has occurred, whether by action or by failure to act, which would cause the loss of such qualification; (viii) neither the Company nor any member of the Controlled Group has incurred, nor reasonably expects to incur, any liability under Title IV of ERISA (other than contributions to the Plan or premiums to the Pension Benefit Guarantee Corporation, in the ordinary course and without default) in respect of a Plan (including a “multiemployer plan” within the meaning of Section 4001(a)(3) of ERISA); (ix) there is no pending audit or investigation by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service, the U.S. Department of Labor, the Pension Benefit Guarantee Corporation or any other governmental entity or any non-U.S. regulatory agency with respect to any Plan, and (x) there is no increase in the aggregate amount of contributions required to be made to all Plans by the Company or its Controlled Group affiliates in the current fiscal year of the Company and its Controlled Group affiliates compared to the amount of such contributions made in the Company’s and its Controlled Group affiliates’ most recently completed fiscal year; and (xi) none of the Company nor any of its subsidiaries have or have had any “accumulated post-retirement benefit obligations” (within the meaning of Accounting Standards Codification Topic 715-60) with respect to any Plan or otherwise, except, in each case, with respect to the actions, events or conditions set forth in (i) through (xi) hereof, as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

(gg)        Disclosure Controls.  The Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, maintain an effective system of “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that complies with the applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and that has been designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms, including controls and procedures designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The Company and its subsidiaries have carried out evaluations of the effectiveness of their disclosure controls and procedures as required by Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act.

 

(hh)        Accounting Controls.  The Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, maintain systems of “internal control over financial reporting” (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that comply with the applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and have been designed by, or under the supervision of, their respective principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP.  The Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, maintain internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences; and (v) interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Time of Sale Information fairly presents the information called for in all material respects and is prepared in accordance with the Commission’s rules and guidelines applicable thereto. There are no material weaknesses in the Company’s internal controls.  The Company’s auditors and the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company have been advised of: (i) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which have adversely affected or are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (ii) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting. For the avoidance of doubt, it is understood that this subsection shall not require the Company to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 as of an earlier date than it would otherwise be required to so comply under applicable law.

 

(ii)        [Reserved.]

 

(jj)        Insurance.  The Company and its subsidiaries have insurance covering their respective properties, operations, personnel and businesses, including business interruption insurance, which insurance is in amounts and insures against such losses and risks as the Company believes in good faith are adequate to protect the Company and its subsidiaries and their businesses, taken as a whole; and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has (i) received notice from any insurer or agent of such insurer that capital improvements or other expenditures are required or necessary to be made in order to continue such insurance or (ii) any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage at reasonable cost from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business.

 

(kk)        Cybersecurity; Data Protection. The Company and its subsidiaries’ information technology assets and equipment, computers, systems, networks, hardware, software, websites, applications, and databases (collectively, “IT Systems”) are reasonably adequate for, and operate and perform in all material respects as required in connection with the operation of the business of the Company and its subsidiaries as currently conducted free and clear of all material bugs, errors, defects, Trojan horses, time bombs, malware and other corruptants. The Company and its subsidiaries have implemented and maintained commercially reasonable controls, policies, procedures, and safeguards to maintain and protect their material confidential information and the integrity, continuous operation, redundancy and security of all IT Systems and data (including all personal, personally identifiable, sensitive, confidential or regulated data (“Personal Data”)) used in connection with their businesses, and, to the knowledge of the Company, there have been no breaches, violations, outages or unauthorized uses of or accesses to same, except, in each case, that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.  The Company and each of its subsidiaries are presently in material compliance with all internal and external privacy policies, contractual obligations, industry standards, applicable laws, statutes, judgments, orders, binding rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator or other governmental or regulatory authority that has jurisdiction over the Company or its subsidiaries and any other applicable legal obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems and Personal Data and to the protection of such IT Systems and Personal Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification.

 

 

(mm)        No Unlawful Payments.  Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries nor any director, officer or employee of the Company or any of its subsidiaries nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any agent, affiliate or other person associated with or acting on behalf of the Company or any of its subsidiaries has (i) used any corporate funds for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expense relating to political activity; (ii) made or taken an act in furtherance of an offer, promise or authorization of any direct or indirect unlawful payment or benefit to any foreign or domestic government official or employee, including of any government-owned or controlled entity or of a public international organization, or any person acting in an official capacity for or on behalf of any of the foregoing, or any political party or party official or candidate for political office; (iii) violated or is in violation of any provision of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, or any applicable law or regulation implementing the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions, or committed an offence under the Bribery Act 2010 of the United Kingdom or any other applicable anti-bribery or anti-corruption law; or (iv) made, offered, agreed, requested or taken an act in furtherance of any unlawful bribe or other unlawful benefit, including, without limitation, any rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other unlawful or improper payment or benefit.

 

(nn)        Compliance with Anti-Money Laundering Laws.  The operations of the Company and its subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements, including those of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the applicable money laundering statutes of all jurisdictions where the Company or any of its subsidiaries conducts business, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency (collectively, the “Anti-Money Laundering Laws”) and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries with respect to the Anti-Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened.

 

(oo)        No Conflicts with Sanctions Laws.  Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries nor any director, officer or employee of the Company or any of its subsidiaries nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any agent, affiliate, or representative of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, is an individual or entity (“Person”) that is, or is owned or controlled by one or more Persons that is: (A) the subject or the target of any sanctions administered or enforced by the United States Government (including the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control and the U.S. Department of State and including, without limitation, the designation as a “specially designated national” or “blocked person”), the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, His Majesty’s Treasury, or any other relevant sanctions authority (collectively, “Sanctions”), or (B) located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject or the target of comprehensive territorial Sanctions, including, without limitation, the so-called Donetsk People’s Republic, the so-called Luhansk People’s Republic, or any other Covered Region of Ukraine identified pursuant to Executive Order 14065, Crimea, Cuba, Iran, North Korea and Syria (each, a “Sanctioned Country”). The Company and each of its subsidiaries have not engaged in, are not now engaged in, and will not engage in, any dealings or transactions with any Person, or in any country or territory, that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was, or whose government is or was, the subject or the target of Sanctions. The Company and its subsidiaries have not knowingly engaged in and are not now knowingly engaged in any dealings or transactions with any person that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject or the target of Sanctions or with any Sanctioned Country. The Company and its subsidiaries and controlled affiliates have instituted and maintained and will continue to maintain policies and procedures reasonably designed to promote and achieve compliance with the Anti-Corruption Laws, the Anti-Money Laundering Laws and Sanctions.

 

(pp)        [Reserved].

 

(qq)        Insurance Companies. Each subsidiary of the Company that is required to be organized and licensed as an insurance company under the supervisory jurisdiction of a U.S. or non-U.S. insurance regulator (each, an “Insurance Company,” and collectively the “Insurance Companies”) is duly incorporated and licensed as an insurance company under the supervisory jurisdiction of a U.S. or non-U.S. insurance regulator in the jurisdiction in which it is chartered or organized and is duly licensed or authorized as an insurer under the supervisory jurisdiction of a U.S. or non-U.S. insurance regulator in each other jurisdiction where it is required to be so licensed or authorized to conduct its business as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus, except in each case where the failure to be so organized, licensed or authorized would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Each of the Insurance Companies is in compliance with all applicable insurance laws and regulations, except in each case as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect. Each of the Insurance Companies has made all required filings under applicable insurance laws and regulations and has filed all notices, reports and declarations required to be filed thereunder (including, as applicable, statutory annual and quarterly statements and statutory balance sheets and income statements included therein), except in each case where the failure to do so would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

Except as set forth in or contemplated in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information or the Prospectus, each of the Insurance Companies has obtained and currently holds all necessary licenses, permits, and authorizations (collectively, the “Permits”), of and from all insurance regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective existing businesses as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus, except where the failure to have such Permits would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. None of the Insurance Companies has received any notification from any insurance regulatory authority to the effect that any additional Permit from any insurance regulatory authority is needed to be obtained by any of the Insurance Companies other than in any case where the failure to acquire such additional Permit would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information or the Prospectus, there is no pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened action, suit, proceeding or investigation against any of the Insurance Companies from any insurance regulatory authority that could reasonably be expected to lead to the revocation, termination or suspension of any Permit, except in each case where such revocation, termination or suspension would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information or the Prospectus, no insurance regulatory authority having jurisdiction over any Insurance Company has issued any order or decree impairing, restricting or prohibiting (A) the payment of dividends by any of the Insurance Companies to its parent, other than those restrictions applicable to insurance or reinsurance companies under such jurisdiction generally, or (B) the continuation of the business of any of the Insurance Companies in all material respects as presently conducted, in each case except where such orders or decrees would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

No Insurance Company has received any written notice from any of the other parties to any material reinsurance treaties, contracts or agreements to which any of the Insurance Companies is a party that such other party intends not to perform its obligations thereunder, except to the extent that such nonperformance would not have a Material Adverse Effect.

(rr)        No Restrictions on Subsidiaries.  Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus, no subsidiary of the Company is currently prohibited, directly or indirectly, under any agreement or other instrument to which it is a party or is subject, from paying any dividends to the Company, from making any other distribution on such subsidiary’s capital stock or similar ownership interest, from repaying to the Company any loans or advances to such subsidiary from the Company or from transferring any of such subsidiary’s properties or assets to the Company or any other subsidiary of the Company.

 

(ss)        No Broker’s Fees.  Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is a party to any contract, agreement or understanding with any person (other than this Agreement) that would give rise to a valid claim against any of them or any Underwriter for a brokerage commission, finder’s fee or like payment in connection with the offering and sale of the Securities.

 

(tt)        No Registration Rights.  No person has the right to require the Company or any of its subsidiaries to register any securities for sale under the Securities Act by reason of the filing of the Registration Statement with the Commission or the issuance and sale of the Securities.

 

(uu)        No Stabilization.  The Company has not taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that could reasonably be expected to cause or result in any stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Securities.

 

(vv)        Margin Rules.  Neither the issuance, sale and delivery of the Securities nor the application of the proceeds thereof by the Company as described in each of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus will violate Regulation T, U or X of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or any other regulation of such Board of Governors.

 

(ww)        Forward-Looking Statements.  No forward-looking statement (within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act) included or incorporated by reference in any of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information or the Prospectus has been made or reaffirmed without a reasonable basis or has been disclosed other than in good faith.

 

(xx)        Statistical and Market Data.  Nothing has come to the attention of the Company that has caused the Company to believe that the statistical and market-related data included or incorporated by reference in each of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus is not based on or derived from sources that are reliable and accurate in all material respects.

 

(yy)        Sarbanes-Oxley Act.  There is and has been no failure on the part of the Company or any of the Company’s directors or officers, in their capacities as such, to comply with any provision of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended and the rules and regulations promulgated in connection therewith applicable to the Company as of or prior to the date hereof, including Section 402 related to loans.

 

(zz)        Status under the Securities Act.  At the time of filing the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, at the earliest time thereafter that the Company or any offering participant made a bona fide offer (within the meaning of Rule 164(h)(2) under the Securities Act) of the Securities and at the date hereof, the Company was not and is not an “ineligible issuer,” as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act. The Company has paid the registration fee for this offering pursuant to the Securities Act.

 

4.           Further Agreements of the Company.  The Company covenants and agrees with each Underwriter that:

 

(a)        Required Filings.  The Company will file the final Prospectus with the Commission within the time periods specified by Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act, will file any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (including the Pricing Term Sheet referred to in Annex C hereto) to the extent required by Rule 433 under the Securities Act; and the Company will furnish copies of the Prospectus and each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (to the extent not previously delivered) to the Underwriters in New York City on the business day next succeeding the date of this Agreement (or such other time as may be agreed to by the Representatives and the Company) in such quantities as the Representatives may reasonably request.

 

(b)        Delivery of Copies.  The Company will deliver, without charge, (i) upon the written request of the Representatives, to the Representatives, two signed copies of the Registration Statement as originally filed and each amendment thereto, in each case including all exhibits and consents filed therewith and documents incorporated by reference therein; and (ii) to each Underwriter (A) a conformed copy of the Registration Statement as originally filed and each amendment thereto (without exhibits) and (B) during the Prospectus Delivery Period (as defined below), as many copies of the Prospectus (including all amendments and supplements thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein and each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus) as the Representatives may reasonably request.  As used herein, the term “Prospectus Delivery Period” means such period of time after the first date of the public offering of the Securities as in the opinion of counsel for the Underwriters a prospectus relating to the Securities is required by law to be delivered (or required to be delivered but for Rule 172 under the Securities Act) in connection with sales of the Securities by any Underwriter or dealer.

 

(c)        Amendments or Supplements; Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses.  Before making, preparing, using, authorizing, approving, referring to or filing any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, and before filing any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information or the Prospectus, whether before or after the time that the Registration Statement becomes effective the Company will furnish to the Representatives and counsel for the Underwriters a copy of the proposed Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, amendment or supplement for review and will not make, prepare, use, authorize, approve, refer to or file any such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or file any such proposed amendment or supplement to which the Representatives reasonably object by written notice (which may be by electronic mail).

 

(d)        Notice to the Representatives.  The Company will advise the Representatives promptly, and confirm such advice in writing (which may be by electronic mail), (i) when the Registration Statement has become effective; (ii) when any amendment to the Registration Statement has been filed or becomes effective; (iii) when any supplement to the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any amendment to the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus has been filed; (iv) of any request by the Commission for any amendment to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplement to the Prospectus or the receipt of any comments from the Commission relating to the Registration Statement or any other request by the Commission for any additional information; (v) of the issuance by the Commission or any other governmental or regulatory authority of any order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus, any Time of Sale Information or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or the initiation or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatening of any proceeding for that purpose or pursuant to Section 8A of the Securities Act; (vi) of the occurrence of any event or development within the Prospectus Delivery Period as a result of which the Prospectus, any of the Time of Sale Information or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances existing when the Prospectus, the Time of Sale Information or any such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus is delivered to a purchaser, not misleading; and (vii) of the receipt by the Company of any notice with respect to any suspension of the qualification of the Securities for offer and sale in any jurisdiction or the initiation or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatening of any proceeding for such purpose; and the Company will use its reasonable best efforts to prevent the issuance of any such order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus, any of the Time of Sale Information, Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus, or suspending any such qualification of the Securities and, if any such order is issued, will use its reasonable best efforts to obtain as soon as possible the withdrawal thereof.

 

(e)        Time of Sale Information.  If at any time prior to the Closing Date (i) any event or development shall occur or condition shall exist as a result of which any of the Time of Sale Information as then amended or supplemented would include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading or (ii) it is necessary to amend or supplement the Time of Sale Information to comply with law, the Company will immediately notify the Underwriters thereof and forthwith prepare and, subject to paragraph (c) above, file with the Commission (to the extent required) and furnish to the Underwriters and to such dealers as the Representatives may designate, such amendments or supplements to the Time of Sale Information (or any document to be filed with the Commission and incorporated by reference therein) as may be necessary so that the statements in any of the Time of Sale Information as so amended or supplemented (including such documents to be incorporated by reference therein) will not, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, be misleading or so that any of the Time of Sale Information will comply with law.

 

(f)        Ongoing Compliance.  If during the Prospectus Delivery Period (i) any event or development shall occur or condition shall exist as a result of which the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances existing when the Prospectus is delivered to a purchaser, not misleading or (ii) it is necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus to comply with law, the Company will promptly notify the Underwriters thereof and forthwith prepare and, subject to paragraph (c) above, file with the Commission (to the extent required) and furnish to the Underwriters and to such dealers as the Representatives may designate, such amendments or supplements to the Prospectus (or any document to be filed with the Commission and incorporated by reference therein) as may be necessary so that the statements in the Prospectus as so amended or supplemented including such documents to be incorporated by reference therein will not, in the light of the circumstances existing when the Prospectus is delivered to a purchaser, be misleading or so that the Prospectus will comply with law.

 

(g)        Blue Sky Compliance.  The Company will qualify the Securities for offer and sale under the securities or Blue Sky laws of such jurisdictions as the Representatives shall reasonably request and will continue such qualifications in effect so long as required for distribution of the Securities; provided that the Company shall not be required to (i) qualify as a foreign corporation or other entity or as a dealer in securities in any such jurisdiction where it would not otherwise be required to so qualify, (ii) file any general consent to service of process in any such jurisdiction or (iii) subject itself to taxation in any such jurisdiction if it is not otherwise so subject.

 

(h)        Earning Statement.  The Company will make generally available (which may be satisfied by filing with the Commission’s Electronic Data Gathering Analysis and Retrieval System) to its security holders and the Representatives as soon as practicable an earning statement (which need not be audited) that satisfies the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act and Rule 158 of the Commission promulgated thereunder covering a period of at least twelve months beginning with the first fiscal quarter of the Company occurring after the “effective date” (as defined in Rule 158) of the Registration Statement.

 

(i)        Clear Market.  During the period from the date hereof through and including the Closing Date, the Company will not, without the prior written consent of the Representatives, offer, sell, contract to sell or otherwise dispose of any debt securities issued or guaranteed by the Company and having a tenor of more than one year.

 

(j)        Use of Proceeds.  The Company will apply the net proceeds from the sale of the Securities as described in each of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus under the heading “Use of Proceeds.”

 

(k)        DTC.  The Company will assist the Underwriters in arranging for the Securities to be eligible for clearance and settlement through DTC.

 

(l)        No Stabilization.  The Company will not take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that could reasonably be expected to cause or result in any stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Securities.

 

(m)        [Reserved].

 

(n)        Record Retention.  For a period of three years from the date of this Agreement, the Company will, pursuant to reasonable procedures developed in good faith, retain copies of each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that is not filed with the Commission in accordance with Rule 433 under the Securities Act.

 

5.           Certain Agreements of the Underwriters.  Each Underwriter hereby represents and agrees that:

 

(a)        It has not and will not use, authorize use of, refer to, or participate in the planning for use of, any “free writing prospectus”, as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act (which term includes use of any written information furnished to the Commission by the Company and not incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement and any press release issued by the Company) other than (i) a free writing prospectus that, solely as a result of use by such Underwriter, would not trigger an obligation to file such free writing prospectus with the Commission pursuant to Rule 433, (ii) any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus listed on Annex A or prepared pursuant to Section 3(c) or Section 4(c) above (including any electronic road show), or (iii) any free writing prospectus prepared by such Underwriter and approved by the Company in advance in writing (each such free writing prospectus referred to in clauses (i) or (iii), an “Underwriter Free Writing Prospectus”).  Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Underwriters may use the Pricing Term Sheet referred to in Annex C hereto without the consent of the Company.

 

(b)        It is not subject to any pending proceeding under Section 8A of the Securities Act with respect to the offering (and will promptly notify the Company if any such proceeding against it is initiated during the Prospectus Delivery Period).

 

6.         Conditions of Underwriters’ Obligations.  The obligation of each Underwriter to purchase Securities on the Closing Date as provided herein is subject to the performance by the Company of its covenants and other obligations hereunder and to the following additional conditions:

 

(a)        Registration Compliance; No Stop Order.  No order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement shall be in effect, and no proceeding for such purpose or pursuant to Section 8A of the Securities Act shall be pending before or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened by the Commission; the Prospectus and each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus shall have been timely filed with the Commission under the Securities Act (in the case of an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, to the extent required by Rule 433 under the Securities Act) and in accordance with Section 4(a) hereof; and all requests by the Commission for additional information shall have been complied with to the reasonable satisfaction of the Representatives.

 

(b)         Representations and Warranties.  The representations and warranties of the Company contained herein shall be true and correct on the date hereof and on and as of the Closing Date; and the statements of the Company and its officers made in any certificates delivered pursuant to this Agreement shall be true and correct on and as of the Closing Date.

 

(c)        No Downgrade.  Subsequent to the earlier of (A) the Time of Sale and (B) the execution and delivery of this Agreement, (i) no downgrading shall have occurred in the rating accorded the Securities or any other debt securities or preferred stock issued or guaranteed by the Company or any of its subsidiaries by any “nationally recognized statistical rating organization”, as such term is defined under Section 3(a)(62) under the Exchange Act and (ii) no such organization shall have publicly announced that it has under surveillance or review, or has changed its outlook with respect to, its rating of the Securities or of any other debt securities or preferred stock issued or guaranteed by the Company or any of its subsidiaries (other than an announcement with positive implications of a possible upgrading).

 

(d)        No Material Adverse Change.  No event or condition of a type described in Section 3(i) hereof shall have occurred or shall exist, which event or condition is not described in each of the Time of Sale Information (excluding any amendment or supplement thereto) and the Prospectus (excluding any amendment or supplement thereto) and the effect of which in the judgment of the Representatives makes it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the offering, sale or delivery of the Securities on the terms and in the manner contemplated by this Agreement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus.

 

(e)        Officer’s Certificate.  The Representatives shall have received on and as of the Closing Date, a certificate of an executive officer of the Company who is reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives (i) confirming that such officer has carefully reviewed the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus and, to the knowledge of such officer, the representations set forth in Sections (b) and 3(f) hereof are true and correct, (ii) confirming that the other representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement are true and correct and that the Company has complied with all agreements and satisfied all conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied hereunder at or prior to the Closing, and (iii) to the effect set forth in paragraphs (a), (b), (c) and (d) above.

 

(f)        Comfort Letters and CFO Certificates.  (i) On the date of this Agreement and on the Closing Date, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, shall have furnished to the Representatives, at the request of the Company, letters, dated the respective dates of delivery thereof and addressed to the Underwriters, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives, containing statements and information of the type customarily included in accountants’ “comfort letters” to underwriters with respect to the financial statements and certain financial information contained or incorporated by reference in each of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus; provided that the letter delivered on the date of this Agreement or the Closing Date, as the case may be, shall use a “cut-off” date no more than two business days prior to the date of this Agreement or the Closing Date, as the case may be, and (ii) on the date of this Agreement and on the Closing Date, the Company shall have furnished to the Representatives a certificate, dated the respective dates of delivery thereof and addressed to the Underwriters, of its chief financial officer with respect to certain financial data contained in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus, providing “management comfort” with respect to such information, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives

 

(g)        Opinion and 10b-5 Statement of Counsel for the Company.  Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, counsel for the Company, shall have furnished to the Representatives, at the request of the Company, their written opinions and 10b-5 statement, dated the Closing Date, and addressed to the Underwriters, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives.

 

(h)        Opinion and 10b-5 Statement of Counsel for the Underwriters.  The Representatives shall have received on and as of the Closing Date, an opinion and 10b-5 statement, addressed to the Underwriters, of Latham & Watkins LLP, counsel for the Underwriters, with respect to such matters as the Representatives may reasonably request, and such counsel shall have received such documents and information as they may reasonably request to enable them to pass upon such matters.

 

(i)        No Legal Impediment to Issuance.  No action shall have been taken and no statute, rule, regulation or order shall have been enacted, adopted or issued by any federal, state or foreign governmental or regulatory authority that would, as of the Closing Date, prevent the issuance or sale of the Securities; and no injunction or order of any federal, state or foreign court shall have been issued that would, as of the Closing Date, prevent the issuance or sale of the Securities.

 

(j)        Good Standing.  The Representatives shall have received on and as of the Closing Date satisfactory evidence of the good standing of the Company and its subsidiaries in their respective jurisdictions of organization and their good standing in such other jurisdictions as the Representatives may reasonably request, in each case in writing or any standard form of telecommunication, from the appropriate governmental authorities of such jurisdictions.

 

(k)        DTC.  The Securities shall be eligible for clearance and settlement through DTC.

 

(l)        Indenture and Securities.  The Indenture shall have been duly executed and delivered by a duly authorized officer of the Company and the Trustee, and the Securities shall have been duly executed and delivered by a duly authorized officer of the Company and duly authenticated by the Trustee.

 

(m)        Additional Documents.  On or prior to the Closing Date, the Company shall have furnished to the Representatives such further certificates and documents as the Representatives may reasonably request.

 

All opinions, letters, certificates and evidence mentioned above or elsewhere in this Agreement shall be deemed to be in compliance with the provisions hereof only if they are in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to counsel for the Underwriters.

 

7.           Indemnification and Contribution.

 

(a)        Indemnification of the Underwriters.  The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter, its affiliates, directors and officers and each person, if any, who controls such Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, from and against any and all losses, claims, damages and liabilities (including, without limitation, reasonably incurred legal fees and other expenses incurred in connection with any suit, action or proceeding or any claim asserted, as such fees and expenses are incurred), joint or several, that arise out of, or are based upon, (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement or caused by any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, not misleading, or (ii) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any “issuer information” filed or required to be filed pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act, any road show as defined in Rule 433(h) under the Securities Act (a “road show”) or any Time of Sale Information (including any Time of Sale Information that has subsequently been amended), or caused by any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, in each case, except insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities arise out of, or are based upon, any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with any information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use therein, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the information described as such in paragraph (c) below.

 

(b)        Indemnification of the Company.  Each Underwriter agrees, severally and not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, its directors, its officers who signed the Registration Statement and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act from and against any and all losses, claims, damages and liabilities (including, without limitation, reasonably incurred legal fees and other expenses incurred in connection with any suit, action or proceeding or any claim asserted, as such fees and expenses are incurred), joint or several, that arise out of, or are based upon, (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement or caused by any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, not misleading, or (ii) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any “issuer information” filed or required to be filed pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act, any road show or any Time of Sale Information (including any Time of Sale Information that has subsequently been amended), or caused by any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, but in each case, only with respect to any losses, claims, damages or liabilities that arise out of, or are based upon, any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with any information relating to such Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or any Time of Sale Information, it being understood and agreed upon that the only such information consists of the following paragraphs in the Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus: the concession and reallowance figures appearing in the fourth paragraph under the caption “Underwriting” and the information contained in the ninth paragraph under the caption “Underwriting” (collectively, the “Underwriter Information”).

 

(c)        Notice and Procedures.  If any suit, action, proceeding (including any governmental or regulatory investigation), claim or demand shall be brought or asserted against any person in respect of which indemnification may be sought pursuant to the preceding paragraphs of this Section 7, such person (the “Indemnified Person”) shall promptly notify the person against whom such indemnification may be sought (the “Indemnifying Person”) in writing; provided that the failure to notify the Indemnifying Person shall not relieve it from any liability that it may have under the preceding paragraphs of this Section 7 except to the extent that it has been materially prejudiced (through the forfeiture of substantive rights or defenses) by such failure; and provided, further, that the failure to notify the Indemnifying Person shall not relieve it from any liability that it may have to an Indemnified Person otherwise than under the preceding paragraphs of this Section 7.  If any such proceeding shall be brought or asserted against an Indemnified Person and it shall have notified the Indemnifying Person thereof, the Indemnifying Person shall retain counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Person (who shall not, without the consent of the Indemnified Person, be counsel to the Indemnifying Person) to represent the Indemnified Person and any others entitled to indemnification pursuant to this Section 7 that the Indemnifying Person may designate in such proceeding and shall pay the reasonable and documented fees and expenses in such proceeding and shall pay the reasonable and documented fees and expenses of such counsel related to such proceeding, as incurred.  In any such proceeding, any Indemnified Person shall have the right to retain its own counsel, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Indemnified Person unless (i) the Indemnifying Person and the Indemnified Person shall have mutually agreed to the contrary; (ii) the Indemnifying Person has failed within a reasonable time to retain counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Person; (iii) the Indemnified Person shall have reasonably concluded that there may be legal defenses available to it that are different from or in addition to those available to the Indemnifying Person; or (iv) the named parties in any such proceeding (including any impleaded parties) include both the Indemnifying Person and the Indemnified Person and representation of both parties by the same counsel would be inappropriate due to actual or potential differing interests between them.  It is understood and agreed that the Indemnifying Person shall not, in connection with any proceeding or related proceeding in the same jurisdiction, be liable for the fees and expenses of more than one separate firm (in addition to any local counsel) for all Indemnified Persons, and that all such fees and expenses shall be paid or reimbursed as they are incurred.  Any such separate firm for any Underwriter, its affiliates, directors and officers and any control persons of such Underwriter shall be designated in writing by the Representatives and any such separate firm for the Company, its directors, its officers who signed the Registration Statement and any control persons of the Company shall be designated in writing by the Company.  The Indemnifying Person shall not be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent, but if settled with such consent, the Indemnifying Person agrees to indemnify each Indemnified Person from and against any loss or liability by reason of such settlement.  Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, if at any time an Indemnified Person shall have requested that an Indemnifying Person reimburse the Indemnified Person for fees and expenses of counsel as contemplated by this paragraph, the Indemnifying Person shall be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent if (i) such settlement is entered into more than 60 days after receipt by the Indemnifying Person of such request and (ii) the Indemnifying Person shall not have reimbursed the Indemnified Person in accordance with such request or disputed in good faith the Indemnified Person’s entitlement to such reimbursement prior to the date of such settlement.  No Indemnifying Person shall, without the written consent of the Indemnified Person, effect any settlement of any pending or threatened proceeding in respect of which any Indemnified Person is or could have been a party and indemnification could have been sought hereunder by such Indemnified Person, unless such settlement (x) includes an unconditional release of such Indemnified Person, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to such Indemnified Person, from all liability on claims that are the subject matter of such proceeding and (y) does not include any statement as to or any admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of any Indemnified Person.

 

(d)        Contribution.  If the indemnification provided for in paragraphs (a) or (b) above is unavailable to an Indemnified Person or insufficient in respect of any losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to therein, then each Indemnifying Person under such paragraph, in lieu of indemnifying such Indemnified Person thereunder, shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such Indemnified Person as a result of such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (i) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other, from the offering of the Securities or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i) is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) but also the relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other, in connection with the statements or omissions that resulted in such losses, claims, damages or liabilities, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations.  The relative benefits received by the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other, shall be deemed to be in the same respective proportions as the net proceeds (before deducting expenses) received by the Company from the sale of the Securities and the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by the Underwriters in connection therewith, in each case as set forth in the table on the cover of the Prospectus, , bear to the aggregate offering price of the Securities.  The relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other, shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or by the and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission.

 

(e)        Limitation on Liability.  The Company and the Underwriters agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to the preceding paragraph (d) of this Section 7 were determined by pro rata allocation (even if the Underwriters were treated as one entity for such purpose) or by any other method of allocation that does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in paragraph (d) above.  The amount paid or payable by an Indemnified Person as a result of the losses, claims, damages and liabilities referred to in paragraph (d) above shall be deemed to include, subject to the limitations set forth above, any legal or other expenses incurred by such Indemnified Person in connection with any such action or claim.  Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs (d) and (e) of this Section 7, in no event shall an Underwriter be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by such Underwriter with respect to the offering of the Securities exceeds the amount of any damages that such Underwriter has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission.  No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.  The Underwriters’ obligations to contribute pursuant to paragraphs (d) and (e) of this Section 7 are several in proportion to their respective purchase obligations hereunder and not joint.

 

(f)        Non-Exclusive Remedies.  The remedies provided for in paragraphs (a) through (e) of this Section 7 are not exclusive and shall not limit any rights or remedies that may otherwise be available to any Indemnified Person at law or in equity.

 

8.           Effectiveness of Agreement.  This Agreement shall become effective as of the date first written above.

 

9.          Termination.  This Agreement may be terminated in the absolute discretion of the Representatives, by notice to the Company, if after the execution and delivery of this Agreement and on or prior to the Closing Date (i) trading generally shall have been suspended or materially limited on or by any of the Exchange or the over-the-counter market; (ii) trading of any securities issued or guaranteed by the Company shall have been suspended on any exchange or in any over-the-counter market; (iii) a general moratorium on commercial banking activities shall have been declared by federal or New York State authorities; or (iv) there shall have occurred any outbreak or escalation of hostilities or any change in financial markets or any calamity or crisis, either within or outside the United States, that, in the judgment of the Representatives, is material and adverse and makes it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the offering, sale or delivery of the Securities on the terms and in the manner contemplated by this Agreement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus.

 

10.         Defaulting Underwriter.

 

(a)        If, on the Closing Date, any Underwriter defaults on its obligation to purchase the Securities that it has agreed to purchase hereunder on such date, the non-defaulting Underwriters may in their discretion arrange for the purchase of such Securities by other persons satisfactory to the Company on the terms contained in this Agreement.  If, within 36 hours after any such default by any Underwriter, the non-defaulting Underwriters do not arrange for the purchase of such Securities, then the Company shall be entitled to a further period of 36 hours within which to procure other persons satisfactory to the non-defaulting Underwriters to purchase such Securities on such terms.  If other persons become obligated or agree to purchase the Securities of a defaulting Underwriter, either the non‑defaulting Underwriters or the Company may postpone the Closing Date for up to five full business days in order to effect any changes that in the opinion of counsel for the Company or counsel for the Underwriters may be necessary in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus or in any other document or arrangement, and the Company agrees to promptly prepare any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus that effects any such changes.  As used in this Agreement, the term “Underwriter” includes, for all purposes of this Agreement unless the context otherwise requires, any person not listed in Schedule 1 hereto that, pursuant to this Section 10, purchases Securities that a defaulting Underwriter agreed but failed to purchase.

 

(b)        If, after giving effect to any arrangements for the purchase of the Securities of a defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters by the non-defaulting Underwriters and the Company as provided in paragraph (a) above, the aggregate principal amount of such Securities that remains unpurchased on the Closing Date does not exceed one-eleventh of the aggregate principal amount of all the Securities to be purchased on such date, then the Company shall have the right to require each non-defaulting Underwriter to purchase the principal amount of Securities that such Underwriter agreed to purchase hereunder plus such Underwriter’s pro rata share (based on the principal amount of Securities that such Underwriter agreed to purchase on such date) of the Securities of such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters for which such arrangements have not been made.

 

(c)        If, after giving effect to any arrangements for the purchase of the Securities of a defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters by the non-defaulting Underwriters and the Company as provided in paragraph (a) above, the aggregate principal amount of such Securities that remains unpurchased on the Closing Date exceeds one-eleventh of the aggregate principal amount of all the Securities to be purchased on such date, or if the Company shall not exercise the right described in paragraph (b) above, then this Agreement shall terminate without liability on the part of the non-defaulting Underwriters.  Any termination of this Agreement pursuant to this Section 10 shall be without liability on the part of the Company, except that the Company will continue to be liable for the payment of expenses as set forth in Section 11 hereof and except that the provisions of Section 7 hereof shall not terminate and shall remain in effect.

 

(d)        Nothing contained herein shall relieve a defaulting Underwriter of any liability it may have to the Company or any non-defaulting Underwriter for damages caused by its default.

 

11.         Payment of Expenses.

 

(a)        Whether or not the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are consummated or this Agreement is terminated, the Company will pay or cause to be paid all costs and expenses incident to the performance of its obligations hereunder, including without limitation, (i) the costs incident to the authorization, issuance, sale, preparation and delivery of the Securities and any taxes payable in that connection; (ii) the costs incident to the preparation, printing and filing under the Securities Act of the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus (including all exhibits, amendments and supplements thereto) and the distribution thereof; (iii) the costs of reproducing and distributing each of the Transaction Documents; (iv) the fees and expenses of the Company’s counsel and independent accountants; (v) the fees and expenses incurred in connection with the registration or qualification and determination of eligibility for investment of the Securities under the laws of such jurisdictions as the Representatives may designate and the preparation, printing and distribution of a Blue Sky Memorandum (including the related fees and expenses of counsel for the Underwriters); (vi) any fees charged by rating agencies for rating the Securities; (vii) the fees and expenses of the Trustee and any paying agent (including related fees and expenses of any counsel to such parties); (viii) all expenses and application fees incurred in connection with any filing with, and clearance of the offering by, FINRA, and the approval of the Securities for book-entry transfer by DTC; (ix) all expenses incurred by the Company in connection with any “road show” presentation to potential investors; provided, however, that the amounts payable by the Company for fees and disbursements of counsel to the Underwriters described in clauses (v) and (viii) shall not exceed $35,000 in the aggregate. Notwithstanding the foregoing, it is understood and agreed that except as expressly provided in Section 7 or Section 11 of this Agreement, the Underwriters will pay all of their own costs and expenses.

 

(b)        If (i) this Agreement is terminated pursuant to Section 9, (ii) the Company for any reason fails to tender the Securities for delivery to the Underwriters (other than by reason of a default by any Underwriter) or (iii) the Underwriters decline to purchase the Securities for any reason permitted under this Agreement, the Company agrees to reimburse the Underwriters for all accountable out-of-pocket costs and expenses (including the reasonable and documented fees and expenses of their counsel), other than those of a defaulting Underwriter, actually incurred by the Underwriters in connection with this Agreement and the offering contemplated hereby.

 

12.        Persons Entitled to Benefit of Agreement.  This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties hereto and their respective successors and the officers and directors and any controlling persons referred to herein, and the affiliates of each Underwriter referred to in Section 7 hereof.  Nothing in this Agreement is intended or shall be construed to give any other person any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Agreement or any provision contained herein.  No purchaser of Securities from any Underwriter shall be deemed to be a successor merely by reason of such purchase.

 

13.       Survival.  The respective indemnities, rights of contribution, representations, warranties and agreements of the Company and the Underwriters contained in this Agreement or made by or on behalf of the Company or the Underwriters pursuant to this Agreement or any certificate delivered pursuant hereto shall survive the delivery of and payment for the Securities and shall remain in full force and effect, regardless of any termination of this Agreement or any investigation made by or on behalf of the Company or the Underwriters or the directors, officers, controlling persons or affiliates referred to in Section 7 of this Agreement.

 

14.        Certain Defined Terms.  For purposes of this Agreement, (a) except where otherwise expressly provided, the term “affiliate” has the meaning set forth in Rule 405 under the Securities Act; (b) the term “business day” means any day other than a day on which banks are permitted or required to be closed in New York City; (c) the term “subsidiary” has the meaning set forth in Rule 405 under the Securities Act; and (d) the term “significant subsidiary” has the meaning set forth in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X under the Exchange Act.

 

15.        Compliance with USA Patriot Act.  In accordance with the requirements of the USA Patriot Act (Title III of Pub. L. 107-56 (signed into law October 26, 2001)), the Underwriters are required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies their respective clients, including the Company, which information may include the name and address of their respective clients, as well as other information that will allow the Underwriters to properly identify their respective clients.

 

16.         Miscellaneous.

 

(a)        Authority of the Representatives.  Any action by the Underwriters hereunder may be taken by the Representatives on behalf of the Underwriters, and any such action taken by the Representatives shall be binding upon the Underwriters.

 

(b)        Notices.  All notices and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given if mailed or transmitted and confirmed by any standard form of telecommunication.  Notices to the Underwriters shall be given to the Representatives c/o Keefe Bruyette & Woods, Inc., 787 7th Avenue, 4th Floor, New York, New York 10019, Attention: Capital Markets and c/o Piper Sandler & Co. 1251 Avenue of the Americas, 6th Floor, New York, New York 10020, Attention: Debt Capital Markets; Email: fsg-dcm@psc.com. Notices to the Company shall be given to it at 452 5th Avenue, 24th Floor, New York, NY 10018; Attention: General Counsel.

 

(c)        Governing Law.  This Agreement and any claim, controversy or dispute arising under or related to this Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.

 

(d)        Submission to Jurisdiction.  The Company hereby submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the U.S. federal and New York state courts in the Borough of Manhattan in The City of New York in any suit or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.  The Company waives any objection which it may now or hereafter have to the laying of venue of any such suit or proceeding in such courts.  The Company agrees that final judgment in any such suit, action or proceeding brought in such court shall be conclusive and binding upon the Company and may be enforced in any court to the jurisdiction of which Company is subject by a suit upon such judgment.

 

(E)        WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL.  EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO HEREBY WAIVES ANY RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY SUIT OR PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT.

 

(f)        Recognition of the U.S. Special Resolution Regimes.

 

(i) In the event that any Underwriter that is a Covered Entity becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, the transfer from such Underwriter of this Agreement, and any interest and obligation in or under this Agreement, will be effective to the same extent as the transfer would be effective under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement, and any such interest and obligation, were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.

 

(ii) In the event that any Underwriter that is a Covered Entity or a BHC Act Affiliate of such Underwriter becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, Default Rights under this Agreement that may be exercised against such Underwriter are permitted to be exercised to no greater extent than such Default Rights could be exercised under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.

 

As used in this Section 16(f):

 

“BHC Act Affiliate” has the meaning assigned to the term “affiliate” in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 U.S.C. § 1841(k).

 

“Covered Entity” means any of the following:

 

(i)  a “covered entity” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 252.82(b);

 

(ii) a “covered bank” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 47.3(b); or

 

(iii) a “covered FSI” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 382.2(b).

 

“Default Right” has the meaning assigned to that term in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. §§ 252.81, 47.2 or 382.1, as applicable.

 

“U.S. Special Resolution Regime” means each of (i) the Federal Deposit Insurance Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder and (ii) Title II of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

(g)        Counterparts.  This Agreement may be signed in counterparts (which may include counterparts delivered by any standard form of telecommunication), each of which shall be an original and all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. Counterparts may be delivered via facsimile, electronic mail (including any electronic signature covered by the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, Uniform Electronic Transactions Act, the Electronic Signatures and Records Act or other applicable law, e.g., www.docusign.com) or other transmission method and any counterpart so delivered shall be deemed to have been duly and validly delivered and be valid and effective for all purposes.

 

(h)        Amendments or Waivers.  No amendment or waiver of any provision of this Agreement, nor any consent or approval to any departure therefrom, shall in any event be effective unless the same shall be in writing and signed by the parties hereto.

 

(i)        Headings.  The headings herein are included for convenience of reference only and are not intended to be part of, or to affect the meaning or interpretation of, this Agreement.

 

[Signature Pages Follow]

 

If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding, please indicate your acceptance of this Agreement by signing in the space provided below.

 

 

 

Schedule 1

Schedule 2

Significant Subsidiaries

Bowhead Insurance Company, Inc.

Bowhead Specialty Underwriters, Inc.

Bowhead Underwriting Services, Inc.

Issuer General Use Free Writing Prospectuses (forming part of the Time of Sale Information)

 

 

Issuer Limited Use Free Writing Prospectuses (not forming part of the Time of Sale Information)

 

 

Annex C

 

 

[See attached.]

 

Filed Pursuant to Rule 433

Registration Statement No. 333-287859

 

November 20, 2025

 

 

 

$150,000,000 7.750% Senior Notes due 2030

 

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Pricing term sheet dated November 20, 2025 (this “Pricing Term Sheet”) to the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement dated November 19, 2025 (the “Preliminary Prospectus Supplement”) to the Prospectus dated June 18, 2025 of Bowhead Specialty Holdings Inc. (the “Issuer”).

 

This Pricing Term Sheet is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement. The information in this Pricing Term Sheet supplements the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement and supersedes the information in the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement to the extent it is inconsistent with the information in the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the meanings given them in the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement.

 

 

 

The Issuer has filed a registration statement (including a prospectus as supplemented by a preliminary prospectus supplement) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for the offering to which this communication relates. Before you invest, you should read the prospectus in that registration statement (as supplemented by the preliminary prospectus supplement) and other documents the Issuer has filed with the SEC for more complete information about the Issuer and this offering. You may get these documents for free by visiting EDGAR on the SEC website at www.sec.gov. Alternatively, the Issuer, any underwriter or any dealer participating in the offering will arrange to send you the prospectus (as supplemented) if you request it by contacting: Keefe, Bruyette & Woods, Inc., by telephone at (800) 966-1559, Piper Sandler & Co., by telephone at (800) 747-3924, or J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, by telephone at (212) 834-4533.

 

Any disclaimer or other notice that may appear below is not applicable to this communication and should be disregarded. Such disclaimer or notice was automatically generated as a result of this communication being sent by Bloomberg or another email system.

 

 

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Issuer

 

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Dated as of

 

 

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U.S. BANK TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

 

Trustee

 

Reconciliation and tie between

Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and Indenture*

 

*This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be a part of the Indenture.

*	The Table of Contents is not a part of the Indenture.

INDENTURE dated as of November 25, 2025, between Bowhead Specialty Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”).

 

 

WHEREAS, the Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance of unsecured debentures, notes, bonds or other evidences of indebtedness (the “Securities”) in an unlimited aggregate principal amount to be issued from time to time in one or more series as provided in this Indenture; and

 

WHEREAS, all things necessary to make this Indenture a valid and legally binding agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.

 

 

That, in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the Securities by the Holders thereof for the equal and proportionate benefit of all of the present and future Holders of the Securities, each party agrees and covenants as follows:

 

 

 

For all purposes of this Indenture, except as otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires:

 

(a)          the terms defined in this Article have the meanings assigned to them in this Article and include the plural as well as the singular;

 

(b)          unless otherwise defined in this Indenture or the context otherwise requires, all terms used herein without definition which are defined in the Trust Indenture Act, either directly or by reference therein, have the meanings assigned to them therein;

 

(c)          the words “herein,” “hereof” and “hereunder” and other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision; and

 

(d)         references to “Article” or “Section” or other subdivision herein are references to an Article, Section or other subdivision of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires.

 

 

 

Affiliate:

 

The term “Affiliate,” with respect to any specified Person shall mean any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified Person.  For the purposes of this definition, “control” when used with respect to any specified Person means the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms “controlling” and “controlled” have meanings correlative to the foregoing.

 

Authenticating Agent:

 

 

Board of Directors:

 

The term “Board of Directors” shall mean either the board of directors of the Company or a committee of the board of directors of the Company to the extent that such committee has been duly authorized to act in respect hereof.

 

Board Resolution:

 

The term “Board Resolution” shall mean a copy of a resolution or resolutions certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification and delivered to the Trustee.

 

Business Day:

 

The term “Business Day,” when used with respect to any Place of Payment or any other particular location referred to in this Indenture or in the Securities, shall mean each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday which is not a day on which banking institutions in that Place of Payment or such location are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close.

 

Capital Stock:

 

 

(a)          in the case of a corporation, corporate stock;

 

(b)          in the case of an association or business entity, any and all shares, interests, participations, rights or other equivalents (however designated) of corporate stock;

 

 

(c) in the case of a partnership or limited liability company, partnership interests (whether general or limited) or membership interests; and (d) any other interest or participation that confers on a Person the right to receive a share of the profits and losses of, or distributions of assets of, the issuing Person, but excluding from all of the foregoing any debt securities convertible into Capital Stock, whether or not such debt securities include any right of participation with Capital Stock.

 

Code:

 

 

Company:

 

The term “Company” shall mean the Person named as the “Company” in the first paragraph of this Indenture until a successor Person shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Company” shall mean such successor Person.

 

Company Order:

 

 

Corporate Trust Office:

 

The term “Corporate Trust Office,” or other similar term, shall mean the principal office of the Trustee at which at any particular time its corporate trust business relating to this Indenture shall be administered, which office at the date hereof is located at One Federal Street, Boston, MA 02110, Attention: Bowhead Specialty Holdings Notes Administrator, or such other address as the Trustee may designate from time to time by notice to the Holders and the Company, or the principal corporate trust office of any successor Trustee (or such other address as such successor Trustee may designate from time to time by notice to the Holders and the Company).

 

Currency:

 

 

Default:

 

 

Defaulted Interest:

 

 

Depositary:

 

The term “Depositary” shall mean, with respect to the Securities of any series issuable or issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities, each Person designated as Depositary for such series by the Company pursuant to Section 3.01 until one or more successor Depositaries shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Depositary” shall mean or include each Person who is then a Depositary hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such Person, “Depositary” as used with respect to the Securities of any such series shall mean the Depositary with respect to the Securities of that series.

 

Designated Currency:

 

 

Discharged:

 

 

 

 

Event of Default:

 

 

Exchange Act:

 

The term “Exchange Act” shall mean the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC thereunder and any statute successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to time.

 

Exchange Rate:

 

 

Floating Rate Security:

 

 

Foreign Currency:

 

The term “Foreign Currency” shall mean a currency issued by the government of any country other than the United States or a composite currency, the value of which is determined by reference to the values of the currencies of any group of countries.

 

 

The term “GAAP,” with respect to any computations required or permitted hereunder, shall mean generally accepted accounting principles in effect in the United States as in effect from time to time; provided, however, if the Company is required by the SEC to adopt (or is permitted to adopt and so adopts) a different accounting framework, including, but not limited to, the International Financial Reporting Standards, “GAAP” shall mean such new accounting framework as in effect from time to time, including, without limitation, in each case, those accounting principles set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board or in such other statements by such other entity as approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession.  If at any time any change in GAAP would affect the computation of any financial ratio or requirement set forth in this Agreement, and either the Company or the Holders of a majority of outstanding notes shall so request, the Company and the Holders of a majority of outstanding notes shall negotiate in good faith to amend such ratio or requirement to preserve the original intent thereof in light of such change in GAAP (subject to the approval of the Holders of a majority of outstanding notes); provided that, until so amended, (i) such ratio or requirement shall continue to be computed in accordance with GAAP prior to such change therein and (ii) the Company shall provide to the holders financial statements and other documents required under this Agreement or as reasonably requested hereunder setting forth a reconciliation between calculations of such ratio or requirement made before and after giving effect to such change in GAAP.

 

Global Security:

 

The term “Global Security” shall mean any Security that evidences all or part of a series of Securities, issued in fully-registered certificated form to the Depositary for such series in accordance with Section 3.03 and bearing the legend prescribed in Section 3.03(g).

 

Holder; Holder of Securities:

 

The terms “Holder” and “Holder of Securities” are defined under “Securityholder; Holder of Securities; Holder.”

 

Indebtedness:

 

The term “Indebtedness” shall mean any and all obligations of a Person for money borrowed which, in accordance with GAAP, would be reflected on the balance sheet of such Person as a liability on the date as of which Indebtedness is to be determined.

 

Indenture:

 

The term “Indenture” or “this Indenture” shall mean this instrument as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof, including, for all purposes of this instrument and any such supplemental indenture, the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act that are deemed to be a part of and govern this instrument and any such supplemental indenture, respectively.  The term “Indenture” shall also include the terms of particular series of Securities established as contemplated by Section 3.01; provided, however, that if at any time more than one Person is acting as Trustee under this Indenture due to the appointment of one or more separate Trustees for any one or more separate series of Securities, “Indenture” shall mean, with respect to such series of Securities for which any such Person is Trustee, this instrument as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof and shall include the terms of particular series of Securities for which such Person is Trustee established as contemplated by Section 3.01, exclusive, however, of any provisions or terms which relate solely to other series of Securities for which such Person is not Trustee, regardless of when such terms or provisions were adopted, and exclusive of any provisions or terms adopted by means of one or more indentures supplemental hereto executed and delivered after such person had become such Trustee, but to which such person, as such Trustee, was not a party; provided, further, that in the event that this Indenture is supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto which are only applicable to certain series of Securities, the term “Indenture” for a particular series of Securities shall only include the supplemental indentures applicable thereto.

 

Individual Securities:

 

 

Interest:

 

The term “interest” shall mean, unless the context otherwise requires, interest payable on any Securities, and with respect to an Original Issue Discount Security that by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, interest payable after Maturity.

 

Interest Payment Date:

 

 

Mandatory Sinking Fund Payment:

 

 

Maturity:

 

The term “Maturity,” with respect to any Security, shall mean the date on which the principal of such Security shall become due and payable as therein and herein provided, whether by declaration, call for redemption or otherwise.

 

Members:

 

 

Officer:

 

The term “Officer” shall mean any of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, the Chief Underwriting Officer, the Chief Accounting Officer, the Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer, the Controller, the General Counsel, the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary and any Vice President of the Company.

 

Officer’s Certificate:

 

The term “Officer’s Certificate” shall mean a certificate signed by any Officer and delivered to the Trustee.  Each such certificate shall include the statements provided for in Section 16.01 if and to the extent required by the provisions of such Section.

 

Opinion of Counsel:

 

The term “Opinion of Counsel” shall mean an opinion in writing signed by one or more legal counsel who is reasonably acceptable to the Trustee, who may be an employee of or of counsel to the Company, and meets the requirements provided for in Section 16.01.

 

Optional Sinking Fund Payment:

 

 

Original Issue Discount Security:

 

The term “Original Issue Discount Security” shall mean any Security that is issued with “original issue discount” within the meaning of Section 1273(a) of the Code and the regulations thereunder, or any successor provision, and any other Security designated by the Company as issued with original issue discount for United States federal income tax purposes.

 

Outstanding:

 

 

(a)          Securities theretofore canceled by the Trustee or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation;

 

 

(b) Securities or portions thereof for which payment or redemption money in the necessary amount has been theretofore deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent (other than the Company) in trust or set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its own Paying Agent) for the Holders of such Securities or Securities as to which the Company’s obligations have been Discharged; provided, however, that if such Securities or portions thereof are to be redeemed, notice of such redemption has been duly given pursuant to this Indenture or provision therefor satisfactory to the Trustee has been made; and (c) Securities that have been paid pursuant to Section 3.07(b) or in exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities have been authenticated and delivered pursuant to this Indenture, other than any such Securities in respect of which there shall have been presented to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee proof satisfactory to it that such Securities are held by a protected purchaser in whose hands such Securities are valid obligations of the Company; provided, however, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of Securities of a series Outstanding have performed any action hereunder, Securities owned by the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities of such series or any Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding, except that, in determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying upon any such action, only Securities of such series that a Responsible Officer of the Trustee actually knows to be so owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned that have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee’s right to act with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor. In determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities of a series have performed any action hereunder, the principal amount of an Original Issue Discount Security that shall be deemed to be Outstanding for such purpose shall be the amount of the principal thereof that would be due and payable as of the date of such determination upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 7.02 and the principal amount of a Security denominated in a Foreign Currency that shall be deemed to be Outstanding for such purpose shall be the amount calculated pursuant to Section 3.11(b).

 

Paying Agent:

 

 

Person:

 

The term “Person” shall mean any individual, a corporation, a limited liability company, a partnership, an association, a joint stock company, a trust, an unincorporated organization or a government or an agency or political subdivision thereof or other entity.

 

Place of Payment:

 

The term “Place of Payment” shall mean, when used with respect to the Securities of any series, the place or places where the principal of and premium, if any, and interest on the Securities of that series are payable as specified pursuant to Section 3.01.

 

Predecessor Security:

 

The term “Predecessor Security” shall mean, with respect to any Security, every previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same Indebtedness as that evidenced by such particular Security, and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security authenticated and delivered under Section 3.07 in lieu of a lost, destroyed or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the same Indebtedness as the lost, destroyed or stolen Security.

 

Record Date:

 

The term “Record Date” shall mean, with respect to any interest payable on any Security on any Interest Payment Date, any date specified in such Security or pursuant to Section 3.01 with respect to such Security as the record date for the payment of interest.

 

Redemption Date:

 

The term “Redemption Date” shall mean, when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed, in whole or in part, the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this Indenture and the terms of such Security, which, in the case of a Floating Rate Security, unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.01, shall be an Interest Payment Date only.

 

Redemption Price:

 

The term “Redemption Price,” when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed, in whole or in part, shall mean the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant to the terms of the applicable Security and this Indenture.

 

Register:

 

 

Registrar:

 

 

Responsible Officers:

 

The term “Responsible Officers” of the Trustee hereunder shall mean any vice president, any assistant vice president, any trust officer, any assistant trust officer, secretary, associate or any other officer associated with the corporate trust department of the Trustee customarily performing functions similar to those performed by any of the above designated officers, and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter relating to this Indenture, any other officer of the Trustee to whom such matter is referred because of such person’s knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject and who, in each case, shall have direct responsibility for the administration of this Indenture.

 

 

 

Security:

 

The term “Security” or “Securities” shall have the meaning stated in the recitals and shall more particularly mean one or more of the Securities duly authenticated by the Trustee and delivered pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture.

 

Security Custodian:

 

 

Securityholder; Holder of Securities; Holder:

 

The term “Securityholder” or “Holder of Securities” or “Holder,” shall mean the Person in whose name Securities shall be registered in the Register kept for that purpose hereunder.

 

Senior Indebtedness:

 

The term “Senior Indebtedness” means the principal of (and premium, if any) and unpaid interest on (x) Indebtedness of the Company, whether outstanding on the date hereof or thereafter created, incurred, assumed or guaranteed, for money borrowed other than (a) any Indebtedness of the Company which when incurred, and without respect to any election under Section 1111(b) of the Federal Bankruptcy Code, was without recourse to the Company, (b) any Indebtedness of the Company to any of its Subsidiaries, (c) Indebtedness to any employee of the Company, (d) any liability for taxes, (e) Trade Payables and (f) any Indebtedness of the Company which is expressly subordinate in right of payment to any other Indebtedness of the Company, and (y) renewals, extensions, modifications and refundings of any such Indebtedness.  For purposes of the foregoing and the definition of “Senior Indebtedness,” the phrase “subordinated in right of payment” means debt subordination only and not lien subordination, and accordingly, (i) unsecured indebtedness shall not be deemed to be subordinated in right of payment to secured indebtedness merely by virtue of the fact that it is unsecured, and (ii) junior liens, second liens and other contractual arrangements that provide for priorities among Holders of the same or different issues of indebtedness with respect to any collateral or the proceeds of collateral shall not constitute subordination in right of payment.  This definition may be modified or superseded by a supplemental indenture.

 

Special Record Date:

 

 

Stated Maturity:

 

The term “Stated Maturity” when used with respect to any Security or any installment of interest thereon, shall mean the date specified in such Security or pursuant to Section 3.01 with respect to such Security as the fixed date on which the principal (or any portion thereof) of or premium, if any, on such Security or such installment of interest is due and payable.

 

Subsidiary:

 

The term “Subsidiary,” when used with respect to any Person, any corporation, partnership, trust, limited liability company or other business entity of which more than 50% of the total voting power of shares of Capital Stock entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees thereof is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such person or one or more of the other Subsidiaries of that person or a combination thereof.

 

Successor Company:

 

 

Trade Payables:

 

The term “Trade Payables” means accounts payable or any other Indebtedness or monetary obligations to trade creditors created or assumed by the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company in the ordinary course of business (including guarantees thereof or instruments evidencing such liabilities).

 

Trust Indenture Act; TIA:

 

The term “Trust Indenture Act” or “TIA” shall mean the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder as in effect on the date of this Indenture, except as provided in Section 14.06 and except to the extent any amendment to the Trust Indenture Act expressly provides for application of the Trust Indenture Act as in effect on another date.

 

Trustee:

 

The term “Trustee” shall mean the Person named as the “Trustee” in the first paragraph of this Indenture until a successor Trustee shall have become such with respect to one or more series of Securities pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Trustee” shall mean or include each Person who is then a Trustee hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such Person, “Trustee” as used with respect to the Securities of any series shall mean the Trustee with respect to Securities of that series.

 

U.S. Dollars:

 

 

U.S. Government Obligations:

 

 

United States:

 

 

 

 

Section 2.01         Terms of the Securities.

 

(a)          The Securities of each series shall be substantially in the form set forth in a Board Resolution, an Officer’s Certificate or in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, and shall have such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or permitted by this Indenture, and may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification or designation and such legends or endorsements placed thereon as the Company may deem appropriate and as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, or as may be required to comply with any law or with any rule or regulation made pursuant thereto or with any rule or regulation of any securities exchange on which any series of the Securities may be listed or of any automated quotation system on which any such series may be quoted, or to conform to usage, all as determined by any of the officers executing such Securities as conclusively evidenced by their execution of such Securities.

 

(b)         The terms and provisions of the Securities shall constitute, and are hereby expressly made, a part of this Indenture, and, to the extent applicable, the Company and the Trustee, by their execution and delivery of this Indenture expressly agree to such terms and provisions and to be bound thereby.

 

Section 2.02         Form of Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication.

 

(a)          Only such of the Securities as shall bear thereon a certificate substantially in the form of the Trustee’s certificate of authentication hereinafter recited, executed by the Trustee by manual signature, shall be valid or become obligatory for any purpose or entitle the Holder thereof to any right or benefit under this Indenture.

 

(b)          Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication, except that any Global Security shall be dated as of the date specified as contemplated in Section 3.01.

 

(c)          The form of the Trustee’s certificate of authentication to be borne by the Securities shall be substantially as follows:

 

 

 

 

Section 2.03         Form of Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication by an Authenticating Agent.  If at any time there shall be an Authenticating Agent appointed with respect to any series of Securities, then the Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication by such Authenticating Agent to be borne by Securities of each such series shall be substantially as follows:

 

 

 

 

 

Section 3.01         Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series.  The aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited.  The Securities may be issued in one or more series.  The title and terms on each series of Securities shall be as set forth in a Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, prior to the issuance of Securities of any series:

 

(a)        the title of the Securities of the series (which shall distinguish the Securities of such series from the Securities of all other series, except to the extent that additional Securities of an existing series are being issued);

 

(b)        any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the series that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of such series pursuant to Section 3.04, 3.06, 3.07, 4.06, or 14.05);

 

 

(c) the dates on which or periods during which the Securities of the series may be issued, and the dates on, or the range of dates within, which the principal of and premium, if any, on the Securities of such series are or may be payable or the method by which such date or dates shall be determined or extended; (d) the rate or rates at which the Securities of the series shall bear interest, if any, or the method by which such rate or rates shall be determined, whether such interest shall be payable in cash or additional Securities of the same series or shall accrue and increase the aggregate principal amount outstanding of such series (including if such Securities were originally issued at a discount), the date or dates from which such interest shall accrue, or the method by which such date or dates shall be determined, the Interest Payment Dates on which any such interest shall be payable, and the Record Dates for the determination of Holders to whom interest is payable on such Interest Payment Dates or the method by which such date or dates shall be determined, the right, if any, to extend or defer interest payments and the duration of such extension or deferral;

 

(e)        if other than U.S. Dollars, the Foreign Currency in which Securities of the series shall be denominated or in which payment of the principal of, premium, if any, or interest on the Securities of the series shall be payable and any other terms concerning such payment;

 

(f)        if the amount of payment of principal of, premium, if any, or interest on the Securities of the series may be determined with reference to an index, formula or other method including, but not limited to, an index based on a Currency or Currencies other than that in which the Securities are stated to be payable, the manner in which such amounts shall be determined;

 

(g)          if the principal of, premium, if any, or interest on Securities of the series are to be payable, at the election of the Company or a Holder thereof, in a Currency other than that in which the Securities are denominated or stated to be payable without such election, the period or periods within which, and the terms and conditions upon which, such election may be made and the time and the manner of determining the exchange rate between the Currency in which the Securities are denominated or payable without such election and the Currency in which the Securities are to be paid if such election is made;

 

(h)          the place or places, if any, in addition to or instead of the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee where the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on Securities of the series shall be payable, and where Securities of any series may be presented for registration of transfer, exchange or conversion, and the place or places where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of such series may be made;

 

(i)        the price or prices at which, the period or periods within which or the date or dates on which, and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company, if the Company is to have that option;

 

(j) the obligation or right, if any, of the Company to redeem, purchase or repay Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund, amortization or analogous provisions or at the option of a Holder thereof and the price or prices at which, the period or periods within which or the date or dates on which, the Currency or Currencies in which and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the series shall be redeemed, purchased or repaid, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation; (k) if other than minimum denominations of $2,000 and any integral multiple of $1,000 in excess thereof, the denominations in which Securities of the series shall be issuable;

 

 

(l)        if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of the Securities of the series which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 7.02;

 

(m)        the guarantors, if any, of the Securities of the series, and the extent of the guarantees (including provisions relating to seniority, subordination, and the release of the guarantors), if any, and any additions or changes to permit or facilitate guarantees of such Securities;

 

(n)        whether the Securities of the series are to be issued as Original Issue Discount Securities and the amount of discount with which such Securities may be issued;

 

(o)          if the provisions of Article XII hereof shall not be applicable with respect to the Securities of such series; or any addition to or change in the provisions of Article XII and, if the Securities of any series are payable in a Currency other than U.S. Dollars, the Currency or the nature of the government obligations to be deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 12.08;

 

(p)        whether the Securities of the series are to be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities and, in such case, the Depositary for such Global Security or Global Securities, and the terms and conditions, if any, upon which interests in such Global Security or Global Securities may be exchanged in whole or in part for the individual securities represented thereby in definitive form registered in the name or names of Persons other than such Depositary or a nominee or nominees thereof (“Individual Securities”);

 

(q)        the date as of which any Global Security of the series shall be dated if other than the original issuance of the first Security of the series to be issued;

 

(r)        the form or forms of the Securities of the series including such legends as may be required by applicable law;

 

(s)        if the Securities of the series are to be convertible into or exchangeable for any securities or property of any Person (including the Company), the terms and conditions upon which such Securities will be so convertible or exchangeable, and any additions or changes, if any, to permit or facilitate such conversion or exchange;

 

(t)        whether the Securities of such series are subject to subordination and the terms of such subordination;

 

(u)        whether the Securities of such series are to be secured and the terms of such security;

 

(v) any restriction or condition on the transferability of the Securities of such series; (w) any addition or change in the provisions related to compensation and reimbursement of the Trustee which applies to Securities of such series;

 

 

(x)        any addition or change in the provisions related to supplemental indentures set forth in Sections 14.01, 14.02 and 14.04 which applies to Securities of such series;

 

(y)        provisions, if any, granting special rights to Holders upon the occurrence of specified events;

 

(z)        any addition to or change in the Events of Default which applies to any Securities of the series and any change in the right of the Trustee or the requisite Holders of such Securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable pursuant to Section 7.02 and any addition or change in the provisions set forth in Article VII which applies to Securities of the series;

 

(aa)        any addition to or change in the covenants set forth in Article VI which applies to Securities of the series; and

 

(bb)        any other terms of the Securities of such series (which terms shall not be inconsistent with the provisions of the TIA, but may modify, amend, supplement or delete any of the terms of this Indenture with respect to such series).

 

All Securities of any one series shall be substantially identical, except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided herein or set forth in a Board Resolution, an Officer’s Certificate or in one or more indentures supplemental hereto.

 

Unless otherwise specified with respect to the Securities of any series pursuant to this Section 3.01, the Company may, at its option, at any time and from time to time, issue additional Securities of any series of Securities previously issued under this Indenture which together shall constitute a single series of Securities under this Indenture.

 

Section 3.02         Denominations.  In the absence of any specification pursuant to Section 3.01 with respect to Securities of any series, the Securities of such series shall be issuable only as Securities in minimum denominations of $2,000 and any integral multiple of $1,000 in excess thereof, and shall be payable only in U.S. Dollars.

 

Section 3.03         Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating.

 

(a)        The Securities shall be executed in the name and on behalf of the Company by the manual, facsimile or other electronic signature of any Officer.  If the Person whose signature is on a Security no longer holds that office at the time the Security is authenticated and delivered, the Security shall nevertheless be valid.

 

(b)        At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of such Securities and, if required pursuant to Section 3.01, a supplemental indenture or Officer’s Certificate setting forth the terms of the Securities of a series.  The Trustee shall thereupon authenticate and deliver such Securities without any further action by the Company.  The Company Order shall specify the amount of Securities to be authenticated and the date on which the original issue of Securities is to be authenticated.

 

(c)        In authenticating the first Securities of any series and accepting the additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities the Trustee shall receive, and (subject to Section 11.02) shall be fully protected in relying upon an Officer’s Certificate, prepared in accordance with Section 16.01, stating that the conditions precedent, if any, provided for in the Indenture have been complied with; provided, that no Opinion of Counsel pursuant to Section 16.01 shall be required in connection with the authentication of the initial series of Securities issued under the Indenture.

 

(d)        The Trustee shall have the right to decline to authenticate and deliver the Securities under this Section 3.03 if the issue of the Securities pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner which is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.

 

(e)        Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication, except as otherwise provided pursuant to Section 3.01 with respect to the Securities of such series.

 

(f)        Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 3.01 and of this Section 3.03, if all of the Securities of any series are not to be originally issued at the same time, then the documents required to be delivered pursuant to this Section 3.03 must be delivered only once prior to the authentication and delivery of the first Security of such series;

 

(g)        If the Company shall establish pursuant to Section 3.01 that the Securities of a series are to be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities, then the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver one or more Global Securities that (i) shall represent an aggregate amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series to be represented by such Global Securities, (ii) shall be registered, in the name of the Depositary for such Global Security or Global Securities or the nominee of such Depositary, (iii) shall be delivered by the Trustee to such Depositary or pursuant to such Depositary’s instruction and (iv) shall bear a legend substantially to the following effect:

 

“THIS SECURITY IS A GLOBAL SECURITY WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE INDENTURE HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AND IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF THE DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY, WHICH SHALL BE TREATED BY THE COMPANY, THE TRUSTEE AND ANY AGENT THEREOF AS OWNER AND HOLDER OF THIS SECURITY FOR ALL PURPOSES.

 

 

TRANSFERS OF THIS GLOBAL SECURITY SHALL BE LIMITED TO TRANSFERS IN WHOLE, BUT NOT IN PART, BY THE DEPOSITARY TO A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY, OR BY A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY TO THE DEPOSITARY OR ANOTHER NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY, OR BY THE DEPOSITARY OR ANY SUCH NOMINEE TO A SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE OF SUCH SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY.”

 

The aggregate principal amount of each Global Security may from time to time be increased or decreased by adjustments made on the records of the Security Custodian, as provided in this Indenture.

 

(h)        Each Depositary designated pursuant to Section 3.01 for a Global Security in registered form must, at the time of its designation and at all times while it serves as such Depositary, be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act and any other applicable statute or regulation.

 

(i)        Members of, or participants in, the Depositary (“Members”) shall have no rights under this Indenture with respect to any Global Security held on their behalf by the Depositary or by the Security Custodian under such Global Security, and the Depositary shall be treated by the Company, the Trustee, the Paying Agent and the Registrar and any of their agents as the absolute owner of such Global Security for all purposes whatsoever.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing herein shall prevent the Company, the Trustee, the Paying Agent or the Registrar or any of their agents from giving effect to any written certification, proxy or other authorization furnished by the Depositary or impair, as between the Depositary and its Members, the operation of customary practices of the Depositary governing the exercise of the rights of an owner of a beneficial interest in any Global Security.  The Holder of a Global Security may grant proxies and otherwise authorize any Person, including Members and Persons that may hold interests through Members, to take any action that a Holder is entitled to take under this Indenture or the Securities.

 

(j)        No Security shall be entitled to any benefit under this Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose unless there appears on such Security a certificate of authentication substantially in one of the forms provided for herein duly executed by the Trustee or by an Authenticating Agent by manual signature of an authorized signatory of the Trustee or Authenticating Agent, and such certificate upon any Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such Security has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder and is entitled to the benefits of this Indenture.

 

Section 3.04         Temporary Securities.

 

(a)        Pending the preparation of definitive Securities of any series, the Company may execute, and upon Company Order the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, temporary Securities that are printed, lithographed, typewritten, mimeographed or otherwise reproduced, in any authorized denominations, substantially of the tenor of the definitive Securities in lieu of which they are issued, in registered form and with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as the officers executing such Securities may determine, as conclusively evidenced by their execution of such Securities.  Any such temporary Security may be in the form of one or more Global Securities, representing all or a portion of the Outstanding Securities of such series.  Every such temporary Security shall be executed by the Company and shall be authenticated and delivered by the Trustee upon the same conditions and in substantially the same manner, and with the same effect, as the definitive Security or Securities in lieu of which it is issued.

 

(b)        If temporary Securities of any series are issued, the Company will cause definitive Securities of such series to be prepared without unreasonable delay.  After the preparation of definitive Securities of such series, the temporary Securities of such series shall be exchangeable for definitive Securities of such series upon surrender of such temporary Securities at the office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment for such series, without charge to the Holder.  Upon surrender for cancellation of any one or more temporary Securities of any series, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a like principal amount of definitive Securities of the same series of authorized denominations and of like tenor.  Until so exchanged, the temporary Securities of any series shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities of such series.

 

(c)        Upon any exchange of a portion of a temporary Global Security for a definitive Global Security or for the Individual Securities represented thereby pursuant to this Section 3.04 or Section 3.06, the temporary Global Security shall be endorsed by the Trustee to reflect the reduction of the principal amount evidenced thereby, whereupon the principal amount of such temporary Global Security shall be reduced for all purposes by the amount so exchanged and endorsed.

 

Section 3.05         Registrar.

 

(a)        The Company will keep, at an office or agency to be maintained by it in a Place of Payment where Securities may be presented for registration or presented and surrendered for registration of transfer or of exchange, and where Securities of any series that are convertible or exchangeable may be surrendered for conversion or exchange, as applicable (the “Registrar”), a security register for the registration and the registration of transfer or of exchange of the Securities (the registers maintained in such office and in any other office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment being herein sometimes collectively referred to as the “Register”), as in this Indenture provided, which Register shall at all reasonable times be open for inspection by the Trustee.  Such Register shall be in written form or in any other form capable of being converted into written form within a reasonable time.  The Company may have one or more co-Registrars; the term “Registrar” includes any co-registrar.

 

(b)        The Company shall enter into an appropriate agency agreement with any Registrar or co-Registrar not a party to this Indenture.  The agreement shall implement the provisions of this Indenture that relate to such agent.  The Company shall notify the Trustee of the name and address of each such agent.  If the Company fails to maintain a Registrar for any series, the Trustee shall act as such and shall be entitled to appropriate compensation therefor pursuant to Section 11.01.  The Company or any Affiliate thereof may act as Registrar, co-Registrar or transfer agent.

 

(c)        The Company hereby appoints the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office as Registrar in connection with the Securities and this Indenture, until such time as another Person is appointed as such.

 

Section 3.06         Transfer and Exchange.

 

(a)        Transfer.

 

(i)        Upon surrender for registration of transfer of any Security of any series at the Registrar the Company shall execute, and the Trustee or any Authenticating Agent shall authenticate and deliver, in the name of the designated transferee, one or more new Securities of the same series for like aggregate principal amount of any authorized denomination or denominations.  The transfer of any Security shall not be valid as against the Company or the Trustee unless registered at the Registrar at the request of the Holder, or at the request of his, her or its attorney duly authorized in writing.

 

(ii)        Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section, unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part for the Individual Securities represented thereby, a Global Security representing all or a portion of the Securities of a series may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depositary for such series to a nominee of such Depositary or by a nominee of such Depositary to such Depositary or another nominee of such Depositary or by such Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary for such series or a nominee of such successor Depositary.

 

(b)          Exchange.

 

(i)        At the option of the Holder, Securities of any series (other than a Global Security, except as set forth below) may be exchanged for other Securities of the same series for like aggregate principal amount of any authorized denomination or denominations, upon surrender of the Securities to be exchanged at the Registrar.

 

(ii)        Whenever any Securities are so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee or Authenticating Agent shall authenticate and deliver, the Securities that the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive.

 

(c)        Exchange of Global Securities for Individual Securities.  Except as provided below, owners of beneficial interests in Global Securities will not be entitled to receive Individual Securities.

 

(i)        Individual Securities shall be issued to all owners of beneficial interests in a Global Security in exchange for such interests if: (A) at any time the Depositary for the Securities of a series notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for the Securities of such series or if at any time the Depositary for the Securities of such series shall no longer be eligible under Section 3.03(h) and, in each case, a successor Depositary is not appointed by the Company within 90 days of such notice, or (B) the Company executes and delivers to the Trustee and the Registrar a Company Order stating that such Global Security shall be so exchangeable.

 

In connection with the exchange of an entire Global Security for Individual Securities pursuant to this subsection (c), such Global Security shall be deemed to be surrendered to the Trustee for cancellation, and the Company shall execute, and the Trustee, upon receipt of a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of Individual Securities of such series, will authenticate and deliver to each beneficial owner identified by the Depositary in exchange for its beneficial interest in such Global Security, an equal aggregate principal amount of Individual Securities of authorized denominations.

 

(ii)        The owner of a beneficial interest in a Global Security will be entitled to receive an Individual Security in exchange for such interest if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing.  Upon receipt by the Security Custodian and Registrar of instructions from the Holder of a Global Security directing the Security Custodian and Registrar to (x) issue one or more Individual Securities in the amounts specified to the owner of a beneficial interest in such Global Security and (y) debit or cause to be debited an equivalent amount of beneficial interest in such Global Security, subject to the rules and regulations of the Depositary:

 

(A)        the Security Custodian and Registrar shall notify the Company and the Trustee of such instructions, identifying the owner and amount of such beneficial interest in such Global Security;

 

(B)        the Company shall promptly execute and the Trustee, upon receipt of a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of Individual Securities of such series, shall authenticate and deliver to such beneficial owner Individual Securities in an equivalent amount to such beneficial interest in such Global Security; and

 

(C)        the Security Custodian and Registrar shall decrease such Global Security by such amount in accordance with the foregoing.  In the event that the Individual Securities are not issued to each such beneficial owner promptly after the Registrar has received a request from the Holder of a Global Security to issue such Individual Securities, the Company expressly acknowledges, with respect to the right of any Holder to pursue a remedy pursuant to Section 7.07 hereof, the right of any beneficial Holder of Securities to pursue such remedy with respect to the portion of the Global Security that represents such beneficial Holder’s Securities as if such Individual Securities had been issued.

 

(iii)        If specified by the Company pursuant to Section 3.01 with respect to a series of Securities, the Depositary for such series of Securities may surrender a Global Security for such series of Securities in exchange in whole or in part for Individual Securities of such series on such terms as are acceptable to the Company and such Depositary.  Thereupon, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, without service charge,

 

(A)        to each Person specified by such Depositary a new Individual Security or new Individual Securities of the same series, of any authorized denomination as requested by such Person in aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for such Person’s beneficial interest in the Global Security; and

 

(B)          to such Depositary a new Global Security in a denomination equal to the difference, if any, between the principal amount of the surrendered Global Security and the aggregate principal amount of Individual Securities delivered to Holders thereof.

 

(iv)        In any exchange provided for in clauses (i) through (iii), the Company will execute and the Trustee will authenticate and deliver Individual Securities in registered form in authorized denominations.

 

(v)        Upon the exchange in full of a Global Security for Individual Securities, such Global Security shall be canceled by the Trustee.  Individual Securities issued in exchange for a Global Security pursuant to this Section shall be registered in such names and in such authorized denominations as the Depositary for such Global Security, pursuant to instructions from its direct or indirect participants or otherwise, shall instruct the Trustee.  The Trustee shall deliver such Securities to the Persons in whose names such Securities are so registered.

 

(d)        All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities shall be valid obligations of the Company evidencing the same debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Securities surrendered for such registration of transfer or exchange.

 

(e)        Every Security presented or surrendered for registration of transfer, or for exchange or payment shall (if so required by the Company, the Trustee or the Registrar) be duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument or instruments of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company, the Trustee and the Registrar, duly executed by the Holder thereof or by his, her or its attorney duly authorized in writing.

 

(f)        No service charge will be made for any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities.  The Company or the Trustee may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax, assessment or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, other than those expressly provided in this Indenture to be made at the Company’s own expense or without expense or charge to the Holders.

 

(g)        The Company shall not be required to (i) register, transfer or exchange Securities of any series during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of the transmission of a notice of redemption of Securities of such series selected for redemption under Section 4.02 and ending at the close of business on the day of such transmission, or (ii) register, transfer or exchange any Security so selected for redemption in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any Security being redeemed in part.

 

(h)        In case a successor Company (“Successor Company”) has executed an indenture supplemental hereto with the Trustee pursuant to Section 6.04, any of the Securities previously authenticated or delivered may, from time to time, at the request of the Successor Company, be exchanged for other Securities executed in the name of the Successor Company with such changes in phraseology and form as may be appropriate, but otherwise identical to the Securities surrendered for such exchange and of like principal amount; and the Trustee, upon Company Order of the Successor Company, shall authenticate and deliver Securities as specified in such order for the purpose of such exchange.  If Securities shall at any time be authenticated and delivered in any new name of a Successor Company pursuant to this Section 3.06 in exchange or substitution for or upon registration of transfer of any Securities, such Successor Company, at the option of the Holders but without expense to them, shall provide for the exchange of all Securities at the time Outstanding for Securities authenticated and delivered in such new name.

 

(i)        The Trustee shall have no obligation or duty to monitor, determine or inquire as to compliance with any restrictions on transfer imposed under this Indenture or under applicable law with respect to any transfer of any interest in any Security other than to require delivery of such certificates and other documentation or evidence as are expressly required by, and to do so if and when expressly required by the terms of, this Indenture, and to examine the same to determine substantial compliance as to form with the express requirements hereof.

 

(j)        Neither the Trustee nor any agent of the Trustee shall have any responsibility for any actions taken or not taken by the Depositary.

 

(k)        Prior to the due presentation for registration of transfer or exchange of any Security, the Company, the Trustee, the Paying Agent, the Registrar or any of their agents may deem and treat the Person in whose name a Security is registered as the absolute owner of such Security (whether or not such Security shall be overdue and notwithstanding any notation of ownership or other writing thereon) for all purposes whatsoever, and none of the Company, the Trustee, the Paying Agent, the Registrar or any of their agents shall be affected by any notice to the contrary.

 

(l)        The Trustee shall have no responsibility or obligation to any beneficial owner of a Global Security, a member of, or a participant in, the Depositary or other Person with respect to the accuracy of the records of the Depositary or its nominee or of any participant or member thereof, with respect to any ownership interest in the Securities or with respect to the delivery to any participant, member, beneficial owner or other Person (other than the Depositary) of any notice (including any notice of redemption or purchase) or the payment of any amount or delivery of any Securities (or other security or property) under or with respect to such Securities.  All notices and communications to be given to the Holders and all payments to be made to Holders in respect of the Securities shall be given or made only to or upon the order of the registered Holders (which shall be the Depositary or its nominee in the case of a Global Security).  The rights of beneficial owners in any Global Security shall be exercised only through the Depositary subject to the applicable rules and procedures of the Depositary.  The Trustee may rely and shall be fully protected in relying upon information furnished by the Depositary with respect to its members, participants and any beneficial owners.

 

Section 3.07         Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities.

 

(a)        If (i) any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office or (ii) the Company and the Trustee receive evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security, and there is delivered to the Company and the Trustee security or indemnity satisfactory to them to save each of them and any Paying Agent harmless, and neither the Company nor the Trustee receives notice that such Security has been acquired by a protected purchaser, then the Company shall execute and upon Company Order the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in exchange for or in lieu of any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security, a new Security of the same series and of like tenor, form, terms and principal amount, bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding, such that neither gain nor loss in interest shall result from such exchange or substitution.

 

(b)        In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of issuing a new Security, pay the amount due on such Security in accordance with its terms.

 

(c)        Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in respect thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.

 

(d)        Every new Security of any series issued pursuant to this Section shall constitute an original additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of that series duly issued hereunder.

 

(e)        The provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.

 

	BOWHEAD SPECIALTY HOLDINGS INC.,
	as Issuer
	By:	/s/ Brad Mulcahey

		Name:	Brad Mulcahey
		Title:	Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

	U.S. BANK TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION,
	as Trustee
	By:	/s/ Steven J. Gomes

		Name:	Steven J. Gomes
		Title:	Vice President

 

between

 

Bowhead Specialty Holdings Inc.,

 

and

 

U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as Trustee

 

Dated as of November 25, 2025

 

 

(Supplement to the Indenture, dated as of November 25, 2025)

 

This First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 25, 2025 (this “Supplemental Indenture”), is entered into by and between Bowhead Specialty Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”) and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”).

 

 

WHEREAS, the Company and the Trustee are parties to the Indenture, dated as of November 25, 2025 (the “Original Indenture”), which provides for the issuance of unsecured debentures, notes, bonds or other evidences of indebtedness  (the “Securities”) in an unlimited aggregate principal amount to be issued from time to time in one or more series;

 

WHEREAS, Section 14.01 of the Original Indenture permits the Company and the Trustee to enter into an indenture supplemental to the Original Indenture to establish the form and terms of Securities of any series as permitted in Section 3.01 of the Original Indenture, or to authorize the issuance of additional Securities of a series previously authorized or to add to the conditions, limitations or restrictions on the authorized amount, terms or purposes of issue, authentication or delivery of the Securities of any series, as herein set forth, or other conditions, limitations or restrictions thereafter to be observed;

 

WHEREAS, Section 2.01 of the Original Indenture permits the form of the Securities of any series to be established pursuant to an indenture supplemental to the Original Indenture; and

 

WHEREAS, pursuant to Sections 2.01, 3.01 and 3.03 of the Original Indenture, the Company desires to provide for the establishment of a new series of Securities under the Original Indenture, the form and substance of such series of Securities and the terms, provisions and conditions thereof to be set forth as provided in the Original Indenture and this Supplemental Indenture. All conditions and actions necessary to make this Supplemental Indenture, when executed and delivered, a valid agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been satisfied or performed.

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the Securities established by this Supplemental Indenture by the Holders thereof, the Company and the Trustee mutually covenant and agree, for the equal and proportionate benefit of all such Holders, as follows:

 

 

Section 1.1        Relation to Original Indenture. This Supplemental Indenture constitutes a part of the Original Indenture (the provisions of which, as modified through this Supplemental Indenture, shall apply to the series of Securities established by this Supplemental Indenture) but, except as expressly provided herein, shall not modify, amend or otherwise affect the Original Indenture insofar as it relates to any other series of Securities or, except as expressly provided herein, modify, amend or otherwise affect in any manner the terms and conditions of the Securities of any other series.

 

Section 1.2         Definitions. For all purposes of this Supplemental Indenture, the capitalized terms used herein (i) which are defined in Section 1.2(c) have the meanings assigned to such terms therein and (ii) which are defined in the Original Indenture (and which are not defined in Section 1.2(c)) have the meanings assigned to such terms in the Original Indenture. To the extent terms defined herein differ from the Original Indenture the terms defined herein will govern. For purposes of this Supplemental Indenture:

 

(a)         Unless the context otherwise requires, any reference to a Section refers to a Section of this Supplemental Indenture;

 

(b)       The words “herein,” “hereof” and “hereunder” and words of similar import refer to this Supplemental Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision hereof; and

 

(c)          The terms defined in this Section 1.2(c) include the plural as well as the singular.

 

“Company” means the Person named as the “Company” in the first paragraph of this Supplemental Indenture until a successor Person shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of the Original Indenture, and thereafter “Company” shall mean such successor Person.

 

“Consolidated Assets” means the Company’s assets and the assets of the Company’s consolidated subsidiaries, to be determined as of the last day of the most recent fiscal quarter for which financial statements of the Company have been made available to the holders in accordance with the indenture for which internal financial statements are available and have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. as in effect on the last day of that fiscal quarter.

 

“Consolidated Indebtedness” means, as of any date, the indebtedness of the Company and its Subsidiaries for borrowed money determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP. For the avoidance of doubt, Consolidated Indebtedness excludes lease liabilities.

 

 

“Debt Facility” means one or more debt facilities or commercial paper facilities, indentures, debt security issuances or other arrangements, in each case with banks, insurance companies, other institutional lenders, investors or financial institutions providing for revolving credit commitments and revolving credit loans, term loans, swingline loans, receivables financing (including through the sale of receivables to such lenders or to special purpose entities formed to borrow from such lenders against such receivables), letters of credit, other guarantees or assurances or issuances of debt securities evidenced by credit agreements, loan agreements, notes, debentures, bonds, indentures or similar instruments, in each case as amended, restated, modified, renewed, refunded, replaced, restructured or refinanced (including, without limitation, by means of sales of debt securities to institutional investors) in whole or in part from time to time (and whether or not with the original administrative agent, collateral agent, lenders, investors or trustee or another administrative agent or agents, other lenders, investors or trustee and whether provided under one or more credit or other agreement or indenture financing agreements or otherwise) and including any agreement extending the maturity of, refinancing or restructuring all or any portion of the indebtedness under such agreements or any successor agreement.

 

“Depositary” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(b).

 

“Designated NRSRO” means a “nationally recognized statistical rating organization” within the meaning of Section 3(a)(62) of the Exchange Act that is designated as a “Credit Rating Provider” (or other similar designation) by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners.

 

 

 

 

 

“Interest Payment Date” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(d).

 

 

“Liens” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.3(a).

 

“Maturity Date” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(c).

 

“MDBRS” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.2(a).

 

“Notes” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(a).

 

 

“Preferred Stock” means Capital Stock of any class or classes (however designated) which is preferred as to the payment of the dividends, or as to the distribution of assets upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation or dissolution.

 

“Redemption Date,” when used with respect to any Note to be redeemed pursuant to Section 2.3(b) or Section 2.3(b)(ii) hereof, means the date fixed for such redemption pursuant to this Supplemental Indenture.

 

 

“Regular Record Date” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(e).

 

 

“Replacement Agency” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.2(a).

 

“Restricted Subsidiary” means (i) any Subsidiary the assets of which exceed 15% of the Consolidated Assets (tested in accordance with the definition thereof), or (ii) any Subsidiary designated as a Restricted Subsidiary by the Company’s or such Restricted Subsidiary’s board of directors, or similar governing body, effective as of the date of such designation.

 

 

“Subsidiary” means any corporation, limited liability company or other similar type of business entity in which the Company and/or one or more of the Company’s Subsidiaries together own more than 50% of the total voting power of shares of capital stock entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of the board of directors or similar governing body of such corporation, limited liability company or other similar type of business entity, directly or indirectly.

 

 

 

(i)        The Treasury Rate shall be determined by the Company after 4:15 p.m., New York City time (or after such time as yields on U.S. government securities are posted daily by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System), on the third Business Day preceding the Redemption Date based upon the yield or yields for the most recent day that appear after such time on such day in the most recent statistical release published by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System designated as “Selected Interest Rates (Daily)—H.15” (or any successor designation or publication) (“H.15”) under the caption “U.S. government securities—Treasury constant maturities—Nominal” (or any successor caption or heading) (“H.15 TCM”). In determining the Treasury Rate, the Company shall select, as applicable: (1) the yield for the United States Treasury constant maturity on H.15 exactly equal to the period from the Redemption Date to December 1, 2028 (the “First Call Date”) (the “Remaining Life”); or (2) if there is no such Treasury constant maturity on H.15 exactly equal to the Remaining Life, the two yields — one yield corresponding to the Treasury constant maturity on H.15 immediately shorter than and one yield corresponding to the Treasury constant maturity on H.15 immediately longer than the Remaining Life — and shall interpolate to the First Call Date on a straight-line basis (using the actual number of days) using such yields and rounding the result to three decimal places; or (3) if there is no such Treasury constant maturity on H.15 shorter than or longer than the Remaining Life, the yield for the single Treasury constant maturity on H.15 closest to the Remaining Life. For purposes of this paragraph, the applicable Treasury constant maturity or maturities on H.15 shall be deemed to have a maturity date equal to the relevant number of months or years, as applicable, of such Treasury constant maturity from the Redemption Date.

 

(ii)        If on the third Business Day preceding the Redemption Date H.15 TCM is no longer published, the Company shall calculate the Treasury Rate based on the rate per annum equal to the semi-annual equivalent yield to maturity at 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on the second Business Day preceding such Redemption Date of the United States Treasury security maturing on, or with a maturity that is closest to, the First Call Date, as applicable. If there is no United States Treasury security maturing on the First Call Date but there are two or more United States Treasury securities with a maturity date equally distant from the First Call Date, one with a maturity date preceding the First Call Date and one with a maturity date following the First Call Date, the Company shall select the United States Treasury security with a maturity date preceding the First Call Date. If there are two or more United States Treasury securities maturing on the First Call Date or two or more United States Treasury securities meeting the criteria of the preceding sentence, the Company shall select from among these two or more United States Treasury securities the United States Treasury security that is trading closest to par based upon the average of the bid and asked prices for such United States Treasury securities at 11:00 a.m., New York City time. In determining the Treasury Rate in accordance with the terms of this paragraph, the semi-annual yield to maturity of the applicable United States Treasury security shall be based upon the average of the bid and asked prices (expressed as a percentage of principal amount) at 11:00 a.m., New York City time, of such United States Treasury security, and rounded to three decimal places.

 

“Trustee” means the Person named as the “Trustee” in the first paragraph of this Supplemental Indenture until a successor Trustee shall have assumed such role pursuant to the applicable provisions of the Original Indenture, and thereafter “Trustee” shall mean such successor Trustee.

 

 

 

(a)        Designation. The Securities shall be known and designated as the “7.750% Senior Notes due 2030” (the “Notes”) of the Company. The initial aggregate principal amount of the Notes to be issued under this Supplemental Indenture shall be $150,000,000. Any additional amounts of the Notes to be issued shall be set forth in a Company Order.

 

(b)        Form and Denominations. The Notes will be issued only in fully registered form without coupons in minimum denominations of $2,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof. The Notes will initially be issued in the form of one or more Global Securities substantially in the form set forth in Annex A hereto, which Global Securities shall constitute unrestricted Global Certificates, with such modifications thereto as may be approved by the Officer executing the same, which shall be deposited on behalf of the purchasers of the Notes represented thereby with the Trustee as custodian for DTC (the “Depositary”) and registered in the name of Cede & Co., the Depositary’s nominee, duly executed by the Company, and, upon receipt of a written order of the Company and other documents required under the Original Indenture, authenticated by the Trustee. The Notes will be denominated in Dollars and payments of principal and interest will be made in U.S. Dollars.

 

(c)         Maturity Date. The principal amount of, and all accrued and unpaid interest on, the Notes shall be payable in full on December 1, 2030, or if such day is not a Business Day, the following Business Day (the “Maturity Date”).

 

(d)        Interest. Subject to Section 2.2, the Notes will bear interest at a rate of 7.750% per year. Interest on the Notes will accrue from and including November 25, 2025 (or the most recent Interest Payment Date to which interest on the Notes has been paid or made available for payment) and will be payable semi‑annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on June 1, 2026 (each such date, an “Interest Payment Date”), and at the Maturity Date. Each interest payment due on an Interest Payment Date or the Maturity Date will include interest accrued from and including the most recent Interest Payment Date to which interest on the Notes has been paid or made available for payment (or, if no interest has been paid, November 25, 2025) to, but excluding, the next Interest Payment Date or the Maturity Date or any Redemption Date, as the case may be. Interest on the Notes will be computed on the basis of a 360‑day year consisting of twelve 30‑day months. If any Interest Payment Date falls on a date that is not a Business Day, such payment of interest (or principal in the case of the Maturity Date) will be postponed until the next succeeding Business Day, but no interest or other amount will be paid as a result of any such postponement, and such payment will have the same force and effect as if made on the scheduled Interest Payment Date. For purposes of the Notes, the Original Indenture and this Supplemental Indenture, the term “interest” shall be deemed to include interest provided for in the first sentence of this Section 2.1(d) and in Section 2.2.

 

(e)          To Whom Interest Is Payable. Interest on each Interest Payment Date shall be payable to the Person in whose name the Notes are registered at the close of business on the regular record date for such Interest Payment Date, which regular record date shall be the May 15 or November 15 (whether or not a Business Day), as the case may be, next preceding such Interest Payment Date (each, a “Regular Record Date”); provided, however, that interest due on the Maturity Date or any Redemption Date (in each case, whether or not an Interest Payment Date) will be paid to the Person to whom principal of such Notes is payable (subject to the rights of Holders on the relevant Regular Record Date to receive interest due on any Interest Payment Date preceding the Maturity Date or Redemption Date).

 

(f)         Sinking Fund; Holder Repurchase Right. The Notes shall not be subject to any sinking fund or analogous provision or be redeemable at the option of the Holders.

 

 

(a)          In the event (a) the credit rating on the Notes that has been provided by Morningstar DBRS (“MDBRS”) (or any substitute Designated NRSRO selected by the Company to act as replacement agency for MDBRS or any previous replacement agency, as the case may be, (a “Replacement Agency”)) while any Notes remain outstanding is downgraded to below investment grade or, for clarity, a rating of BB (high) provided by MDBRS (or analogous rating) or below, the rate of interest on the Notes shall immediately increase effective as of the date of such downgrade by 0.50% during the period in which the Company’s credit rating provided by MDBRS (or a Replacement Agency) is below investment grade, or (b) the Notes have no rating from any Designated NRSRO (including MDBRS), the rate of interest on the Notes shall immediately increase effective as of the applicable date by 1.00%. The Company will use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain a rating of the Notes from a Designated NRSRO.

 

(b)        If, however, for purposes of clause (a) above, the Notes’ credit rating is subsequently upgraded to “investment grade” or, for clarity, a rating of BBB (low) provided by MDBRS (or analogous rating) or above, the rate of interest on the Notes shall immediately decrease effective as of the date of such upgrade to be the initial interest rate as of the Issue Date. If, however, for purposes of clause (b) above, the Notes receive a credit rating from any Designated NRSRO, the rate of interest on the Notes shall immediately decrease effective as of the date of such subsequent rating to be the initial interest rate as of the Issue Date.

 

(c)         Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no circumstances will the interest rate, as may be adjusted as described above, exceed the initial interest rate by more than 1.00% per annum due to changes in the rating, and in no event will the interest rate, as may be adjusted as described above, ever be less than the initial interest rate as of the Issue Date.

 

(d)         In the event of any circumstance giving rise to an increase or decrease in the interest rate on the Notes, the Company will notify the Trustee and the Holders, in writing, of the new interest rate and effective date of such rate change. The Trustee shall have no duty to monitor the ratings of the Notes, make any determination or verify the Company’s determination of whether the circumstances giving rise to a change to the interest rate applicable to the Notes or notify Holders of any of the foregoing.

 

 

(a)          The provisions of Article IV of the Original Indenture shall apply to the Notes except as otherwise superseded by this Section 2.3.

 

(b)         At any time prior to December 1, 2028, the Company may redeem the Notes at its option, in whole at any time, or in part from time to time, at a Redemption Price (expressed as a percentage of principal amount and rounded to three decimal places) equal to the greater of:

 

(i)          The present value at such time of (x) the Redemption Price of such Note at December 1, 2028 (such Redemption Price as described in the table below for such Notes) multiplied by the principal amount of such Note plus (y) all required interest payments due on such Note through December 1, 2028 (excluding accrued but unpaid interest to such Redemption Date), computed using a discount rate equal to the Treasury Rate plus 50 basis points; and

 

(ii)         100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed;

 

plus, in either case, any accrued and unpaid interest thereon to, but excluding, the Redemption Date.

 

(c)         At any time on or after December 1, 2028, the Company may redeem the Notes at its option, in whole at any time or in part from time to time, at the following Redemption Prices (expressed as a percentage of principal amount), plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the Redemption Date, if redeemed during the twelve-month period commencing on December 1 of the years set forth below:

 

(d)        The Company’s actions and determinations in determining the Redemption Price shall be conclusive and binding for all purposes, absent manifest error. The Company will notify the Trustee of the Redemption Price promptly after the calculation thereof, and the Trustee may rely upon the Redemption Price contained in any such notice and the Trustee shall not be responsible for, or be liable in connection with, the calculation of such Redemption Price (or any component thereof) or for determining whether manifest error has occurred.

 

(e)         Notice of any redemption will be mailed or electronically delivered (or, if the Notes are represented by one or more global securities, transmitted in accordance with the Depositary’s standard procedures therefor) at least 10 days but not more than 60 days before the Redemption Date to each Holder of the Notes to be redeemed. Notwithstanding Section 4.03 of the Original Indenture, the notice of redemption need not set forth the Redemption Price but only the manner of calculation thereof as described above.

 

(f)         If less than all of the Notes are to be redeemed, the Trustee shall select the Notes or portions of the Notes to be redeemed by such method as the Trustee shall deem fair and appropriate. The Trustee may select for redemption Notes, and portions of Notes, in amounts of $1,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof (provided that the unredeemed portion of any Note to be redeemed in part will not be less than $2,000), and shall thereafter promptly notify the Company in writing of the numbers of Notes to be redeemed, in whole or in part; provided that if the Notes are represented by one or more global securities, interests in such global securities shall be selected for redemption by the Depositary in accordance with its standard procedures therefor.

 

(g)       Any notice of redemption may, at the Company’s discretion, be subject to one or more conditions precedent, including completion of a refinancing transaction or other corporate transaction. In addition, if such redemption or purchase is subject to satisfaction of one or more conditions precedent, the Company may, in the Company’s discretion, delay the Redemption Date until such time as any or all such conditions shall be satisfied or waived, or such redemption may not occur and such notice may be rescinded in the event that any or all such conditions shall not have been satisfied or waived by the Redemption Date, or by the Redemption Date so delayed.

 

(h)         Unless the Company defaults in payment of the Redemption Price, on and after the Redemption Date interest will cease to accrue on the Notes or portions thereof called for redemption.

 

 

The following covenants shall be applicable to the Company for so long as any of the Notes are outstanding. Nothing in this Article III will, however, affect the Company’s rights or obligations under any other provision of the Original Indenture or Supplemental Indenture.

 

 

(a)         The Company will not, nor will the Company permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, issue, sell or otherwise dispose of any shares of Capital Stock (other than non-voting Preferred Stock) of any Restricted Subsidiary, if, after giving effect to any such transaction, the Restricted Subsidiary would remain the Company’s Subsidiary and the Company would own, directly or indirectly, less than 80% of the shares of Capital Stock of such Restricted Subsidiary (other than non-voting Preferred Stock); provided, however, that the foregoing will not prohibit:

 

(i)          directors’ qualifying shares;

 

(ii)       sales or other dispositions to the Company, any parent of the Company, or to one or more Subsidiaries that are wholly owned or Restricted Subsidiaries or that will become Restricted Subsidiaries or wholly owned Subsidiaries immediately after the sale or disposition;

 

(iii)       the disposition of all or any part of the Capital Stock of any Restricted Subsidiary for consideration which is at least equal to the fair value of such Capital Stock as determined by the Company’s or such Restricted Subsidiary’s board of directors, or similar governing body, as the case may be (acting in good faith), in any case in accordance with the laws of the jurisdiction of formation of such Person; provided, however, that any such Capital Stock issued, sold, granted, transferred or otherwise disposed of to (x) any employee, officer, director, agent or consultant or (y) any Person from whom such Restricted Subsidiary was acquired, or from such Restricted Subsidiary acquired its business and assets, made as part of such acquisition and comprising all or a portion of the consideration in respect of such sale or acquisition, and in each case, pursuant to any agreement, plan or arrangement approved by the Company’s or such Restricted Subsidiary’s board of directors, or similar governing body, as appropriate, shall be deemed to be issued, sold or otherwise disposed of at fair value; or

 

(iv)        any issuance, sale, assignment, transfer or other disposition made in compliance with an order of a court or governmental or regulatory authority of competent jurisdiction.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company may merge, amalgamate or consolidated any Restricted Subsidiary into or with another Restricted Subsidiary or wholly owned Subsidiary.

 

 

(a)         The Consolidated Indebtedness to GAAP Capitalization Ratio must not exceed 40% for so long as the notes remain outstanding. This Section 3.2 will be tested only as of the last day of the most recent fiscal quarter for which financial statements of the Company have been made available to the holders in accordance with the Original Indenture. In the event that the Consolidated Indebtedness to GAAP Capitalization Ratio is not then satisfied but the Company satisfies such ratio as of a later date, then the Company will be deemed to have satisfied its obligations with respect to such ratio at such time and any default with respect to such ratio shall be deemed to have been cured.

 

 

(a)        Other than the Company’s or any of its Subsidiaries’ existing secured indebtedness (and any amendments, modifications, extensions, renewals, refinancings or replacements thereto), the Company will not incur or permit to exist any mortgage, pledge, encumbrance, lien or charge (collectively, a “Lien”) on the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ properties or assets securing indebtedness for borrowed money that, when combined with any of the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ existing secured indebtedness then outstanding, would not exceed 40% of the Company’s Consolidated Indebtedness, assuming that the Company has incurred an additional amount of unsecured indebtedness up to the maximum amount permitted under Section 3.2; provided, that nothing in this Section 3.3 shall prohibit:

 

(i)          Liens in respect of property or assets acquired (including as a replacement) or constructed, repaired, leased or improved by the Company or a Subsidiary after the Issue Date, which are created at the time of or within 180 days after such acquisition or lease or the completion of construction, replacement, repair or improvement of such property to secure indebtedness for borrowed money assumed or incurred to finance all or any part of the purchase price of such property or assets or cost of the lease, of construction, replacement, repair or improvement of such property; provided, that, in any such case no such Lien shall extend to or cover any other property of the Company’s or its Subsidiary other than improvements thereon, replacements and products thereof, additions and accessions thereto or proceeds from the disposition of such property or assets and customary security deposits (provided, that individual financings of equipment provided by one lender (or a syndicate of lenders) may be cross-collateralized to other financings of equipment provided by such lender (or syndicate)), as the case may be, and the aggregate principal amount of indebtedness for borrowed money secured by all such Liens in respect of any such property shall not exceed the cost of such property or assets and any replacements, repairs or any improvements then being financed;

 

(ii)         Liens in respect of property or assets acquired by the Company or a Subsidiary after the Issue Date, existing on such property or asset at the time of acquisition thereof, or in the case of any Person that after the Issue Date becomes a Subsidiary or is consolidated with or merged with or into the Company or a Subsidiary or sells, leases or otherwise disposes of all or substantially all of its property to the Company or a Subsidiary, Liens existing at the time such Person becomes a Subsidiary or such transactions are closed;

 

 

(iii) Liens securing indebtedness for borrowed money incurred under a Debt Facility in an aggregate amount not to exceed $75.0 million; (iv) Liens granted or reaffirmed in connection with any amendment, modification, extension, renewal, refinancing or replacement of the indebtedness for borrowed money secured by a Lien existing as of the Issue Date or permitted by this Section 3.3(a) (i), (ii) or (iii); provided, that, the principal amount of indebtedness for borrowed money secured by any such Lien is not increased beyond the aggregate principal amount or total commitments (other than with respect to unpaid accrued interest and premium thereon, any committed or undrawn amounts and underwriting discounts, fees, commissions, premiums and expenses associated with such indebtedness) of such indebtedness for borrowed money at the time of such amendment, modification, extension, renewal, refinancing or replacement; and

 

(v)        Other Liens securing indebtedness for borrowed money of the Company’s or any Subsidiary not otherwise permitted by this Section 3.3(a) (i) through (iv) so long as the Notes are secured on an equal and ratable basis with the indebtedness for borrowed money so secured for so long as such indebtedness is so secured.

 

 

 

Section 6.04 of the Original Indenture shall be replaced in its entirety with the following:

 

The Company will not consolidate with any other entity or permit a merger of any other entity into the Company or permit the Company to be merged into any other entity, or sell, convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all its assets to another entity, unless:

 

(i)        either the Company shall be the continuing entity, or the successor, transferee or lessee entity (if other than the Company) shall be organized and existing under the laws of the United States or any State thereof or the District of Columbia, Bermuda or the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development member countries and expressly assume, by supplemental indenture, executed and delivered by such entity prior to or simultaneously with such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or lease, the due and punctual payment of the principal of and interest and premium, if any, on all the notes, and the due and punctual performance and observance of all other obligations to the holders and the Trustee; and

 

(ii)      immediately after such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or lease, there would not be an Event of Default in the performance of any covenant or condition of the Indenture.

 

Upon any consolidation with or merger into any other entity, or any sale, conveyance or transfer lease of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in accordance with this Section 4.1, the successor entity formed by such consolidation or into or with which the Company is merged or to which the Company is sold or to which such conveyance, transfer or lease is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under the Original Indenture and this Supplemental Indenture with the same effect as if such successor entity had been named as the Company therein, and thereafter, except in the case of a lease, the predecessor Company shall be relieved of all obligations and covenants under the Original Indenture, this Supplemental Indenture and the Notes, and from time to time such entity may exercise each and every right and power of the Company under the Original Indenture and this Supplemental Indenture, in the name of the Company, or in its own name; and any act or proceeding by any provision of the Original Indenture and this Supplemental Indenture required or permitted to be done by the Board of Directors or any officer of the Company may be done with like force and effect by the like board or officer of any entity that shall at the time be the successor of the Company hereunder. In the event of any such sale or conveyance, but not any such lease, the Company (or any successor entity which shall theretofore have become such in the manner described in this covenant) shall be discharged from all obligations and covenants under the Original Indenture, this Supplemental Indenture and the Notes and may thereupon be dissolved and liquidated.

 

Section 5.1          Relationship to Existing Original Indenture. This Supplemental Indenture is a supplemental indenture within the meaning of the Original Indenture. The Original Indenture, as supplemented and amended pursuant to this Supplemental Indenture, is in all respects ratified, confirmed and approved and, with respect to the Notes, the Original Indenture, as supplemented and amended through this Supplemental Indenture, shall be read, taken and construed as one and the same instrument.

 

 

Section 5.3         Governing Law. This Supplemental Indenture and the Notes shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York, without regard to its conflict of laws provisions that would result in the application of the laws of any other jurisdiction (other than Sections 5‑1401 and 5‑1402 of the General Obligations Law of the State of New York). To the fullest extent permitted by law, any legal suit, action or proceeding arising out of or based upon this Supplemental Indenture or the transactions contemplated hereby may be instituted in the federal courts of the United States of America located in the City of New York or the courts of the State of New York in each case based in the City of New York, and each party to this Supplemental Indenture will submit to the non‑exclusive jurisdiction of such suit, action or proceeding.

 

Section 5.4          Counterparts. This Supplemental Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be an original, but such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument. The words “execution,” “signed,” “signature” and words of like import in this Supplemental Indenture shall include images of manually executed signatures transmitted by facsimile, email or other electronic format (including, without limitation, “pdf,” “tif” or “jpg”) and other electronic signatures (including without limitation, DocuSign and AdobeSign or any other similar platform identified by the Company and reasonably available at no undue burden or expense to the Trustee). The use of electronic signatures and electronic records (including, without limitation, any contract or other record created, generated, sent, communicated, received, or stored by electronic means) shall be of the same legal effect, validity and enforceability as a manually executed signature or use of a paper‑based record‑keeping system to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, including the Federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, the New York State Electronic Signatures and Records Act and any other applicable law, including, without limitation, any state law based on the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act or the Uniform Commercial Code. Without limitation to the foregoing, and anything in this Supplemental Indenture or the Original Indenture to the contrary notwithstanding, any Officer’s Certificate, written order of the Company, Opinion of Counsel, Note, amendment, notice, direction, supplemental indenture or other certificate, opinion of counsel, instrument, agreement or other document delivered pursuant to this Supplemental Indenture may be executed, attested and transmitted by any of the foregoing electronic means and formats. The Trustee shall have no duty to inquire into or investigate the authenticity or authorization of any such electronic signature and shall be entitled to conclusively rely on any such electronic signature without any liability with respect thereto.

 

Section 5.5        Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals. The Trustee makes no representation as to the validity or sufficiency of this Supplemental Indenture or of the Notes. The Trustee shall not be accountable for the use of or application by the Company of the proceeds of the offering of the Securities. The Trustee represents that it is duly authorized to execute and deliver this Supplemental Indenture and perform its obligations hereunder. The Trustee accepts the amendments of the Original Indenture effected by this Supplemental Indenture, but on the terms and conditions set forth in the Original Indenture, including the terms and provisions defining and limiting the liabilities and responsibilities of the Trustee. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Trustee shall not be responsible in any manner whatsoever for or with respect to any of the recitals or statements contained herein, all of which recitals or statements are made solely by the Company, or for or with respect to (i) the validity or sufficiency of this Supplemental Indenture or any of the terms or provisions hereof, (ii) the proper authorization hereof by the Company by action or otherwise, (iii) the due execution hereof by the Company or (iv) the consequences of any amendment herein provided for, and the Trustee makes no representation with respect to any such matters.

 

 

The parties hereto caused this Supplemental Indenture to be duly executed as of the date first set forth above.

 

 

[FORM OF NOTE]

 

THIS SECURITY IS A GLOBAL SECURITY WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE INDENTURE HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AND IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF THE DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY, WHICH SHALL BE TREATED BY THE COMPANY, THE TRUSTEE AND ANY AGENT THEREOF AS OWNER AND HOLDER OF THIS SECURITY FOR ALL PURPOSES.

 

 

TRANSFERS OF THIS GLOBAL SECURITY SHALL BE LIMITED TO TRANSFERS IN WHOLE, BUT NOT IN PART, BY THE DEPOSITARY TO A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY, OR BY A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY TO THE DEPOSITARY OR ANOTHER NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY, OR BY THE DEPOSITARY OR ANY SUCH NOMINEE TO A SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE OF SUCH SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY.

 

 

Bowhead Specialty Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company,” which term includes any successor Person thereto under the Indenture hereinafter referred to), for value received, hereby promises to pay to Cede & Co., the Depositary’s nominee, or its registered assigns, the principal sum of One Hundred and Fifty Million Dollars ($150,000,000) set forth on the Schedule of Increases or Decreases in the Global Security attached hereto (or such lesser or greater amount as shall be outstanding hereunder from time to time in accordance with Sections 2.01, 3.05 and 3.06 of the Original Indenture hereinafter referred to) on December 1, 2030 (the “Maturity Date”) and to pay interest thereon at a rate of 7.750% per year (as the same may be adjusted from time to time pursuant to Section 2.2 of the Supplemental Indenture hereinafter referred to), accruing from and including November 25, 2025 (or the most recent Interest Payment Date (as defined below) to which interest on the Notes has been paid or made available for payment), payable semi‑annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on June 1, 2026 (each such date, an “Interest Payment Date”), and at the Maturity Date, until the principal hereof is paid or made available for payment. For purposes of this Note, the Original Indenture and the Supplemental Indenture, the term “interest” shall be deemed to include interest provided for in the immediately preceding sentence and in Section 2.2 of the Supplemental Indenture.

 

Each interest payment due on an Interest Payment Date or the Maturity Date will include interest accrued from and including the most recent Interest Payment Date to which interest on the Notes has been paid or made available for payment (or, if no interest has been paid, November 25, 2025) to, but excluding, the next Interest Payment Date or the Maturity Date or any Redemption Date, as the case may be. Interest on the Notes will be computed on the basis of a 360‑day year consisting of twelve 30‑day months. If any Interest Payment Date falls on a date that is not a Business Day, such payment of interest (or principal in the case of the Maturity Date) will be postponed until the next succeeding Business Day, but no interest or other amount will be paid as a result of any such postponement, and such payment will have the same force and effect as if made on the scheduled Interest Payment Date.

 

Interest on each Interest Payment Date shall be payable to the Person in whose name the Notes are registered at the close of business on the regular record date for such Interest Payment Date, which regular record date shall be the May 15 or November 15 (whether or not a Business Day), as the case may be, next preceding such Interest Payment Date (each, a “Regular Record Date”); provided, however, that interest due on the Maturity Date or any Redemption Date (in each case, whether or not an Interest Payment Date) will be paid to the Person to whom principal of such Notes is payable (subject to the rights of Holders on the relevant Regular Record Date to receive interest due on any Interest Payment Date preceding the Maturity Date or Redemption Date). Any such interest not so punctually paid or duly provided for will constitute defaulted interest, will forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder on such Regular Record Date and may be paid by the Company as set forth in Section 3.08 of the Original Indenture.

 

Payment of the principal of, and interest and premium, if any, on this Note shall be made at the Corporate Trust Office, in such currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment is legal tender for payment of public and private debts; provided that, for so long as this Note is in global form represented by this Global Certificate, all payments in respect hereof (including principal, interest and premium, if any) shall be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds to DTC or its nominee, as the case may be, as the registered owner of this Global Certificate.

 

All terms used in this Note which are defined in the Indenture and not defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed thereto in the Indenture. Reference is hereby made to the further provisions of this Note set forth on the reverse hereof, which further provisions shall for all purposes have the same effect as if set forth at this place.

 

Unless the certificate of authentication hereon has been manually executed by the Trustee referred to on the reverse hereof, this Note shall not be entitled to any benefit under the Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose.

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company caused this instrument to be duly executed.

 

	Bowhead Specialty Holdings Inc.,
	as the Company
	By:
	Name:
	Title:

This is one of the Global Securities representing Securities of the series designated herein and referred to in the within‑mentioned Indenture.

 

Date:	U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association,
	as Trustee
	Authorized Signatory

 

This Note is one of a duly authorized issuance of securities of the Company (the “Notes”), issued and to be issued in one or more series under an Indenture, dated as of November 25, 2025, as supplemented by the First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 25, 2025 (together, the “Indenture”), between the Company and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as Trustee (the “Trustee,” which term includes any successor Trustee under the Indenture). Reference is hereby made to the Indenture for a statement of the respective rights, limitations of rights, obligations, duties and immunities thereunder of the Company, the Trustee and the Holders of the Notes and of the terms upon which the Notes are, and are to be, authenticated and delivered. The terms of the Notes include those stated in the Indenture and those made part of the Indenture by reference to the Trust Indenture Act. The Notes are subject to all such terms, and Holders are referred to the Indenture and the Trust Indenture Act for a statement of such terms. To the maximum extent permitted by law, in the case of any conflict between the provisions of this Note and the Indenture, the provisions of the Indenture shall control.

 

This Note is one of the series designated on the face hereof, initially limited in aggregate principal amount to $150,000,000. The Company may at any time issue additional Securities under the Indenture in unlimited amounts having the same terms as the Notes (except as otherwise provided in the Indenture) so that such additional Securities shall be consolidated with the Notes, including for purposes of voting and redemption; provided, however, that the Company shall use a separate CUSIP number for any such additional Securities that (a) are not part of the same issue as the Notes within the meaning of U.S. Treasury Regulations sections 1.1275‑1(f) and 1.1275‑2(k) and (b) have, for purposes of U.S. federal income taxation, more than a de minimis amount of original issue discount as of the date of the issue of such additional Securities. Any such additional Securities shall, together with the outstanding Notes, constitute a single series of Securities under the Indenture.

 

Optional Redemption

 

The Notes are subject to optional redemption as further described in the Indenture.

 

General Terms

 

The Indenture contains provisions for defeasance at any time of the entire indebtedness of this Note and certain restrictive covenants and Events of Default with respect to this Note, in each case upon compliance with certain conditions set forth in the Indenture.

 

If an Event of Default with respect to the Notes shall occur and be continuing, the principal of the Notes may be declared due and payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the Indenture.

 

The Indenture or the Notes of any series may be amended or supplemented, and compliance with certain provisions of the Indenture and certain past defaults under the Indenture and their consequences may be waived, in each case as provided in the Indenture.

 

The Notes will not be entitled to the benefit of a sinking fund.

 

As provided in, and subject to the provisions of, the Indenture, the Holder of this Note may institute an action or proceeding at law or in equity or in bankruptcy or otherwise upon or under or with respect to the Indenture, this Note, or for the appointment of a trustee, receiver, liquidator, custodian or other similar official or for any other remedy hereunder or under the Indenture only if: (i) such Holder has given to the Trustee written notice of a default and of the continuance thereof; (ii) the Holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Notes then Outstanding have made a written request upon the Trustee to institute such action or proceedings in its own name as trustee under the Indenture; (iii) the Holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Notes then Outstanding have offered to the Trustee such security or indemnity as it may require against the losses, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in connection with such action or proceedings; (iv) the Trustee, for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of security or indemnity has failed to institute any such action or proceeding; and (v) the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of each series affected (with each series treated as a separate class) at the time Outstanding have not given the Trustee a direction inconsistent with such written request. However, the right of the Holder hereof to receive payment of the principal of and any interest on this Note at the rates, in the amount and in the currency prescribed herein on or after the due dates expressed herein, or to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such dates, shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such Holder. No reference herein to the Indenture and no provision of this Note or of the Indenture shall alter or impair the obligations of the Company, which are absolute and unconditional, to pay the principal of and any interest on this Note at the times, place and rate, and in the currency, prescribed herein.

 

As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations set forth therein, this Note may be presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or for exchange or redemption at the Place of Payment, duly endorsed, or accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to, the Company and the Registrar for this Note, duly executed by the Holder hereof or the Holder’s attorney duly authorized in writing. No service charge shall be made to the Holder for any such registration of transfer or exchange, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable in connection therewith.

 

Prior to due presentment of this Note for registration of transfer, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may deem and treat the Person in whose name this Note is registered upon the Register for the Notes as the owner hereof (whether or not this Note shall be overdue and notwithstanding any notation of ownership or other writing hereon) for all purposes, regardless of any notice to the contrary.

 

The Notes are issuable only in registered form in minimum denominations of $2,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof.

 

This Note and the Indenture shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York, without regard to its conflict of laws provisions that would result in the application of the laws of any other jurisdiction (other than Sections 5‑1401 and 5‑1402 of the General Obligations Law of the State of New York). To the fullest extent permitted by law, any legal suit, action or proceeding arising out of or based upon this Note or the Indenture or the transactions contemplated hereby may be instituted in the federal courts of the United States of America located in the City of New York or the courts of the State of New York in each case based in the City of New York, and each party to this Note and the Indenture will submit to the non‑exclusive jurisdiction of such suit, action or proceeding.

 

* * *

 

The initial outstanding principal amount of this Global Certificate is $150,000,000. The following increases or decreases in this Global Certificate have been made:

 

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Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom llp
	ONE MANHATTAN WEST NEW YORK, NY 10001 ________ TEL: (212) 735-3000 FAX: (212) 735-2000 www.skadden.com	FIRM/AFFILIATE OFFICES ----------- BOSTON CHICAGO HOUSTON LOS ANGELES PALO ALTO WASHINGTON, D.C. WILMINGTON ----------- ABU DHABI BEIJING BRUSSELS FRANKFURT HONG KONG LONDON MUNICH PARIS SÃO PAULO SEOUL SINGAPORE TOKYO TORONTO
	November 25, 2025