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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
 
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
 
(Mark One)
☒
Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended: September 30, 2024
OR

☐
Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from ______ to _______.

Commission file number: 001-38544
 
CENNTRO INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Nevada
  
N/A
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
  
(IRS Employer Identification Number)

501 Okerson Road
 
Freehold, New Jersey 07728
 
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
 
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (732) 820-6757
 
Securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:
 
Title of each class:
  
Trading Symbol(s)
Name of each exchange on which registered:
Common Stock
  
CENN
The Nasdaq Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes ☒ No ☐
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
Large accelerated filer
☐
Accelerated filer
☐
Non-accelerated filer
☒
Smaller reporting company
☒
   
Emerging growth company
☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.) Yes ☐ No ☒
 
The registrant had 30,866,614 of the registrant’s common stock per value $0.0001 per share, issued and outstanding as of November 12, 2024.


TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report of Cenntro Inc. (“we,” “us,” “our,” “Cenntro” and the “Company”) contains statements that constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Any statements that are not statements of historical facts may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. These statements appear in several different places in this Quarterly Report and, in some cases, can be identified by words such as “anticipates”, “estimates”, “projects”, “expects”, “contemplates”, “intends”, “believes”, “plans”, “may”, “will” or their negatives or other comparable words, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. Forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report may include, but are not limited to, statements and/or information related to: our financial performance and projections; our business prospects and opportunities; our business strategy and future operations; the projection of timing and delivery of products in the future; projected costs; expected production capacity; expectations regarding demand and acceptance of our products; estimated costs of machinery to equip a new production facility; trends in the market in which we operate; the plans and objectives of management; our liquidity and capital requirements, including cash flows and uses of cash; trends relating to our industry; and plans relating to our electric vehicles (“EVs”).

We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations about future events on information that is available as of the date of this Quarterly Report, and any forward-looking statements made by us speak only as of the date on which they are made. While we believe these expectations are reasonable, such forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. Our actual future results may differ materially from those discussed or implied in our forward-looking statements for various reasons, including, our ability to change the direction of the Company; our ability to keep pace with new technology and changing market needs; our capital needs, and the competitive environment of our business. Additional Factors that could contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to:
 
●
general economic and business conditions, including changes in interest rates;
●
prices of other EVs, costs associated with manufacturing EVs and other economic conditions;
●
the effect of an outbreak of disease or similar public health threat, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, on the Company’s business (natural phenomena, including the lingering effects of the COVID-19 pandemic);
●
the impact of political unrest, natural disasters or other crises, terrorist acts, acts of war and/or military operations, and our ability to maintain or broaden our business relationships and develop new relationships with strategic alliances, suppliers, customers, distributors or otherwise;
●
breaches in data security, failure of information security systems, cyber-attacks or other security or privacy-related incidents affecting us or our suppliers;
●
the ability of our information technology systems or information security systems to operate effectively;
●
actions by government authorities, including changes in government regulation;
●
uncertainties associated with legal proceedings;
●
changes in the size of the EV market;
●
future decisions by management in response to changing conditions;
●
the Company’s ability to execute prospective business plans;
●
misjudgments in the course of preparing forward-looking statements;
●
the Company’s ability to raise sufficient funds to carry out its proposed business plan;
●
inability to keep up with advances in EV and battery technology;
●
inability to design, develop, market and sell new EVs and services that address additional market opportunities to generate revenue and positive cash flows;
●
dependency on certain key personnel and any inability to retain and attract qualified personnel;
●
inexperience in mass-producing EVs;
●
inability to succeed in establishing, maintaining and strengthening the Cenntro brand;
●
disruption of supply or shortage of raw materials;
●
the unavailability, reduction or elimination of government and economic incentives;
●
failure to manage future growth effectively; and
●
the other risks and uncertainties detailed from time to time in our filings with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including but not limited to those described under “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K as amended for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on April 1, 2024 (the “Form 10-K”).

Although management has attempted to identify important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in forward-looking statements, there may be other factors that cause results not to be as anticipated, estimated or intended. There is no assurance that forward-looking statements will prove to be accurate, as actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements. Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. These cautionary remarks expressly qualify, in their entirety, all forward-looking statements attributable to our Company or persons acting on our Company’s behalf. We do not undertake to update any forward-looking statements to reflect actual results, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors affecting such statements, except as, and to the extent required by, applicable securities laws.

INDEX

 
Page
Item 1. Interim Financial Statements
1
1
2
3
4
5


PART I

ITEM 1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

CENNTRO INC.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(Expressed in U.S. dollars, except for the number of shares)

         
For the Three Months Ended
September 30,
    
For the Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  
   
Note
    
2024
    
2023
    
2024
    
2023
  
                               
Net revenues
    
2(d
)
  
$
16,731,340
    
$
5,762,831
    
$
28,443,831
    
$
13,470,895
  
Cost of goods sold
            
(12,688,393
)
    
(5,045,364
)
    
(23,161,743
)
    
(11,411,439
)
Gross profit
            
4,042,947
      
717,467
      
5,282,088
      
2,059,456
  
 
                                        
OPERATING EXPENSES:
                                        
Selling and marketing expenses
            
(5,027,864
)
    
(2,626,829
)
    
(7,651,305
)
    
(7,238,563
)
General and administrative expenses
            
(7,934,755
)
    
(9,071,910
)
    
(21,945,891
)
    
(25,715,387
)
Research and development expenses
            
(1,476,684
)
    
(1,634,796
)
    
(4,292,153
)
    
(5,347,785
)
Total operating expenses
            
(14,439,303
)
    
(13,333,535
)
    
(33,889,349
)
    
(38,301,735
)
 
                                        
Loss from operations
            
(10,396,356
)
    
(12,616,068
)
    
(28,607,261
)
    
(36,242,279
)
 
                                        
OTHER EXPENSE:
                                        
Interest expense, net
            
(34,198
)
    
(84,573
)
    
(58,744
)
    
(137,726
)
Loss from long-term investment            
(11,152
)
    
(107,069
)
    
(28,262
)
    
(236,672
)
Loss from acquisition of Antric Gmbh             -       (1,316,772 )     -       (1,316,772 )
Loss from acquisition of Hezhe             -       -       (149,872 )     -  
Impairment of long-term investment
            
-
      
(2,668
)
    
-
      
(1,157,334
)
Gain on redemption of convertible promissory notes            
-
      
966
      
-
      
865
  
Gain/(Loss) on exercise of warrants
            
910
      
(1,134
)
    
910
      
(228,749
)
Change in fair value of convertible promissory notes and derivative liability
            
(6,724
)
    
15,143
      
1,807
      
88,568
  
Change in fair value of equity securities
     8
      
262,417
      
(1,879,593
)
    
756,868
      
(1,166,125
)
Foreign currency exchange gain (loss), net            
1,838,505
      
(311,204
)
    
1,108,826
      
(1,667,475
)
(Loss)/ Gain from cross-currency swaps
             (705 )     -       882       -  
Other (expense) income, net
             (646,718 )     199,389       (477,908 )     794,441  
Loss before income taxes
            
(8,994,021
)
    
(16,103,583
)
    
(27,452,754
)
    
(41,269,258
)
Income tax benefit (expense)
    
13
      
12,434
      
384
      
47,149
      
(25,084
)
Net loss
            
(8,981,587
)
    
(16,103,199
)
    
(27,405,605
)
    
(41,294,342
)
Less: net loss attributable to non-controlling interests
            
(9,815
)
    
(534
)
    
(20,855
)
    
(159,244
)
Net loss attributable to the Company’s shareholders
          
$
(8,971,772
)
  
$
(16,102,665
)
  

(27,384,750
)

(41,135,098
)
 
                                        
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
                                        
Foreign currency translation adjustment
            
916,164
      
(931,345
)
    
(461,126
)
    
(3,419,038
)
Total comprehensive loss
            
(8,065,423
)
    
(17,034,544
)
    
(27,866,731
)
    
(44,713,380
)
 
                                        
Less: total comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests
            
(5,226
)
    
(534
)
    
(13,070
)
    
(183,812
)
Total comprehensive loss to the Company’s shareholders
          
$
(8,060,197
)
  
$
(17,034,010
)
  

(27,853,661
)
  

(44,529,568
)
                                         
Weighted average number of shares outstanding, basic and diluted *             30,841,106
       30,444,909
       30,832,928
       30,400,293
  
                                         
Loss per share, basic and diluted *             (0.29 )     (0.53 )     (0.89 )     (1.35 )

* On September 1, 2023 the Company held its annual general meeting of shareholders where among other proposals, the shareholders of the Company did approve the consolidation of the common stock of the Company on a one-for-ten (1:10) basis with effect from December 8, 2023. The one-for-ten reverse stock split decreased the number of outstanding shares and increased net loss per common share. All per share and share amounts presented have been retroactively adjusted for the effect of this share consolidation for all periods presented.

Unless otherwise indicated, all references to common stock, warrants to purchase common stock, share data, per share data, and related information have been retroactively adjusted, where applicable, in this Report to reflect the reverse stock split of our common stock as if they had occurred at the beginning of the earlier period presented.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

1
CENNTRO INC.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Expressed in U.S. dollars, except for the number of shares)

   
Note
    
September 30,
2024
    
December 31,
2023
  
         
(Unaudited)
        
ASSETS
                  
Current assets:
                  
Cash and cash equivalents
        
$
21,822,485
    
$
29,375,727
  
Restricted cash
          
1,009,263
      
196,170
  
Short-term investment
    
      9,647       4,236,588  
Accounts receivable, net
    
4
      
4,556,857
      
6,530,801
  
Inventories
    
5
      
35,882,436
      
43,909,564
  
Prepayment and other current assets
    
6
      
20,971,578
      
20,391,150
  
Amounts due from related parties - current
    
19
      
524,892
      
287,439
  
Total current assets
            
84,777,158
      
104,927,439
  
                         
Non-current assets:
                        
Long-term investment, net
    
7
      
4,078,386
      
4,685,984
  
Investment in equity securities
    
8
      
26,341,901
      
26,158,474
  
Property, plant and equipment, net
    
9
      
20,175,445
      
20,401,521
  
Goodwill
             225,171       223,494  
Intangible assets, net
     10
      
6,623,871
      
6,873,781
  
Right-of-use assets
    
13
      
16,049,893
      
20,039,625
  
Other non-current assets, net
            
1,563,361
      
2,227,672
  
Total non-current assets
            
75,058,028
      
80,610,551
                         
Total Assets
          
$
159,835,186
    
$
185,537,990
  
                         
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
                        
                         
LIABILITIES
                        
Current liabilities:
                        
Accounts payable
           $
6,164,060
     $
6,797,852
  
Short-term loans and current portion of long-term loans
     11
       262,836       -  
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
     12
      
5,349,282
      
4,263,887
  
Contractual liabilities
            
4,958,315
      
3,394,044
  
Operating lease liabilities, current
    
14
      
4,605,336
      
4,741,599
  
Convertible promissory notes
    
15
      
9,952,000
      
9,956,000
  
Contingent liabilities
             45,333       26,669  
Deferred government grant, current
            
104,076
      
108,717
  
Amounts due to related parties
    
19
      
-
      
10,468
  
Total current liabilities
            
31,441,238
      
29,299,236
  
                         
Non-current liabilities:
                        
Long-term loans
     11
       361,400       -  
Contingent liabilities non-current
             213,326       230,063  
Deferred tax liabilities
             196,887       228,086  
Deferred government grant, non-current
            
1,875,786
      
1,929,733
  
Derivative liability - investor warrant
    
15
      
12,141,241
      
12,189,508
  
Derivative liability - placement agent warrant
    
15
      
3,457,052
      
3,456,578
  
Operating lease liabilities, non-current
    
14
      
13,288,324
      
16,339,619
  
Total non-current liabilities
            
31,534,016
      
34,373,587
  
                         
Total Liabilities
          
$
62,975,254
    
$
63,672,823
  
                         
Commitments and contingencies
    
18
              
                         
EQUITY
                        
Common stock (No par value; 30,866,614 and 30,828,778 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
            
-
      
-
  
Additional paid in capital
            
405,029,683
      
402,337,393
  
Accumulated deficit
            
(301,408,251
)
    
(274,023,501
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
            
(6,913,396
)
    
(6,444,485
)
Total equity attributable to shareholders
            
96,708,036
      
121,869,407
  
Non-controlling interests
            
151,896
      
(4,240
)
Total Equity
          
$
96,859,932
    
$
121,865,167
  
Total Liabilities and Equity
          
$
159,835,186
    
$
185,537,990
  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

2
CENNTRO INC.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDER’S EQUITY
(Expressed in U.S. dollars, except for the number of shares)

   
Common Stock
    
Additional
paid in capital
    
Accumulated
deficit
    
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
loss
    
Total
shareholders’
equity
    
Non-
controlling
interest
    
Total equity
  
   
Shares *
    
Amount
                                      
Balance as of December 31, 2022
    
30,084,200
    
$
-
    
$
397,497,817
    
$
(219,824,176
)
  
$
(5,306,972
)
  
$
172,366,669
    
$
(477,135
)
  
$
171,889,534
  
Share-based compensation
    
-
      
-
      
4,565,001
      
-
      
-
      
4,565,001
      
-
      
4,565,001
  
Net loss
    
-
      
-
      
-
      
(41,135,098
)
    
-
      
(41,135,098
)
    
(159,244
)
    
(41,294,342
)
Acquisition of 35% of CAE’s equity interests
    
-
      
-
      
(2,558,882
)
    
-
      
-
      
(2,558,882
)
    
658,892
      
(1,899,990
)
Exercise of warrants
     360,710       -       2,168,185       -       -       2,168,185       -       2,168,185  
Foreign currency translation adjustment
    
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
(3,394,470
)
    
(3,394,470
)
    
(24,568
)
    
(3,419,038
)
Balance as of September 30, 2023
    
30,444,910
    
$
-
    
$
401,672,121
    
$
(260,959,274
)
  
$
(8,701,442
)
  
$
132,011,405
    
$
(2,055
)
  
$
132,009,350
  

   

Common Stock
    
Additional
paid in capital
    
Accumulated
deficit
    
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
loss
    
Total
shareholders’
equity
    
Non-
controlling
interest
    
Total equity
  
   
Shares
    
Amount
                                      
Balance as of December 31, 2023
    
30,828,778
    
$
-
    
$
402,337,393
    
$
(274,023,501
)
  
$
(6,444,485
)
  
$
121,869,407
    
$
(4,240
)
  
$
121,865,167
  
Share-based compensation
    
-
      
-
      
2,643,214
      
-
      
-
      
2,643,214
      
-
      
2,643,214
  
Net loss
    
-
      
-
      
-
      
(27,384,750
)
    
-
      
(27,384,750
)
    
(20,855
)
    
(27,405,605
)
Acquisition of 60% of Hezhe’s equity interests
     -       -       -       -       -       -       169,206       169,206  
Fractional shares issued due to reverse stock split
    
17
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
  
Exercise of warrants     37,819       -       49,076       -       -       49,076       -       49,076  
Foreign currency translation adjustment
    
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
(468,911
)
    
(468,911
)
    
7,785
      
(461,126
)
Balance as of September 30, 2024
    
30,866,614
    
$
-
    
$
405,029,683
    
$
(301,408,251
)
  
$
(6,913,396
)
  
$
96,708,036
    
$
151,896
    
$
96,859,932
  

* On September 1, 2023, the Company held its annual general meeting of shareholders where among other proposals, the shareholders of the Company did approve the consolidation of the common stock of the Company on a one-for-ten (1:10) basis with effect from December 8, 2023. The one-for-ten reverse stock split decreased the number of outstanding shares and increased net loss per common share. All per share and share amounts presented have been retroactively adjusted for the effect of this share consolidation for all periods presented.

Unless otherwise indicated, all references to common stock, warrants to purchase common stock, share data, per share data, and related information have been retroactively adjusted, where applicable, in this Report to reflect the reverse stock split of our common stock as if they had occurred at the beginning of the earlier period presented.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

3
CENNTRO INC.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Expressed in U.S. dollars, except for the number of shares)

   
For the Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  
   
2024
    
2023
  
             
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
            
Net cash used in operating activities
  
$
(12,912,011
)
  
$
(45,588,906
)
                 
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
                
Purchase of equity investment
    
-
      
(680,932
)
Purchase of property, plant and equipment
    
(720,445
)
    
(7,329,509
)
Purchase of land use right and property
    
-
      
(2,183,430
)
Purchase of other intangible assets     -       (7,502 )
Acquisition of CAE's equity interests
    
-
      
(1,924,557
)
Acquisition of Antric Gmbh's equity interests     -       (1 )
Cash acquired from acquisition of Antric Gmbh     -       1,376  
Net of cash acquired of 60% of Hezhe’s equity interests
     (355,400 )     -  
Purchase of short-term investment     (4,167,970 )     -  
Proceeds from short-term investment     8,431,348       -  
Cash dividend received     55,573       -  
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment
    
41,495
      
842
  
Loans provided to third parties
    
-
      
(790,000
)
Proceeds from interest and redemption of equity securities investment     1,573,441       -  
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
    
4,858,042
      
(12,913,713
)
                 
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
                
Proceeds from bank loans     662,836       -  
Repayment of bank loans     (38,600 )     (602,477 )
Loans proceed from third parties     708,832       -  
Repayment of loans to third parties     (90,000 )     -  
Redemption of convertible promissory notes
    
-
      
(47,534,119
)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
    
1,243,068
      
(48,136,596
)
                 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
    
70,752
      
(2,614,204
)
                 
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
    
(6,740,149
)
    
(109,253,419
)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period
    
29,571,897
      
154,096,801
  
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period
  
$
22,831,748
    
$
44,843,382
  
                 
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
                
Interest paid
  
$
553,654
    
$
1,200,673
  
Income tax paid
   $ -     $ 4,829  
                 
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
                
Convention from debt to equity interest of HW Electro Co., Ltd.   $ -     $ 1,000,000  
Cashless exercise of warrants
  
$
49,076
    
$
2,168,185
  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

4
CENNTRO INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1 - ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES

Historical and principal activities

Cenntro Inc. was incorporated in the State of Nevada on March 9, 2023, under The Nevada Revised Statutes (the “NRS”). As a holding company with no material operations of its own, Cenntro Inc. conducts operations through its subsidiaries in the United States, Australia, Europe, Mexico, Hong Kong, the Dominican Republic, and in the People’s Republic of China, which we refer to as the PRC or China.

Cenntro Automotive Group Limited (“CAG Cayman”) was formed in the Cayman Islands on August 22, 2014. CAG Cayman was the former parent of Cenntro (as defined below), prior to the closing of the Combination (as defined below).

Cenntro Automotive Corporation (“CAC”) was incorporated in the State of Delaware on March 22, 2013. CAC became CAG Cayman’s wholly owned company on May 26, 2016. CAC’s operations include corporate affairs, administrative, human resources, global marketing and sales, after-market support, homologation, and quality assurance. CAC also leases and operates facilities in Freehold, New Jersey, including the Company’s corporate headquarters, and Jacksonville, Florida facility.

Cenntro Automotive Group Limited (“CAG HK”) was established by CAG Cayman on February 15, 2016 in Hong Kong. CAG HK is a non-operating, investment holding company, which conducts business through its subsidiaries in mainland China and Hong Kong.

Cenntro Electric Group, Inc. (“CEG”) was incorporated in the state of Delaware by CAG Cayman on March 9, 2020.

Cenntro Electric Group Limited, formerly known as Naked Brand Group Limited (“NBG”), was incorporated in Australia on May 11, 2017. NBG changed its name to Cenntro Electric Group Limited  on December 30, 2021, in connection with the closing of the Combination. Cenntro Electric Group Limited changed its name to Cenntro Electric Group Pty Limited (“CEGL”) on June 14, 2024.

On March 25, 2022 and January 31, 2023, CEGL entered into Share Purchase Agreements to acquire 65% and 35% of the issued and outstanding shares in Cenntro Automotive Europe GmbH (“CAE”), formerly known as Tropos Motors Europe GmbH. For information of the Share Purchase Agreements, see Note 3 of the Company 2023 Form 10-K, “Business Combination”.

CAC, CEG and CAG HK and its consolidated subsidiaries are collectively known as “Cenntro”; Cenntro Inc., CEGL, Cenntro and its subsidiaries are collectively known as the “Company”. The Company designs and manufactures purpose–built, electric commercial vehicles (“ECVs”) used primarily in last mile delivery and industrial applications.

Reverse recapitalization

On December 30, 2021, the Company consummated a stock purchase transaction (the “Combination”) pursuant to that certain stock purchase agreement, dated as of November 5, 2021 (the “Acquisition Agreement”) by and among CEGL (at the time, NBG), CAG Cayman, CAC, CEG and CAG HK. 

On February 16, 2024 CEGL issued a press release announcing the supreme Court of New South Wales, Australia (the “Court” made orders to approve CEGL’s proposed scheme of arrangement in relation to which CEGL will redomicile from Australia to the United States (the “scheme”). Under the scheme, CEGL will become a subsidiary of Cenntro lnc., a United States company incorporated in accordance with the laws of the State of Nevada for the purpose of effecting CEGL group’s redomiciliation to the United States. After the redomiciliation, the ordinary shares would be exchanged into common stock.

Cenntro Inc. was deemed to be the accounting acquirer given Cenntro Inc. effectively controlled the consolidated entity after the Combination. Under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, the Combination is accounted for as a reverse recapitalization, which is equivalent to the issuance of shares by Cenntro Inc. for the net monetary assets of CEGL, accompanied by a recapitalization.

5
CENNTRO INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 - ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES (CONTINUED)

As of September 30, 2024, Cenntro Inc.’s subsidiaries are as follows:

Name
  
Date of
Incorporation
  
Place of
Incorporation
  
Percentage of direct or
indirect economic
interest
Cenntro Electric Group Pty Limited (“CEGL”)   May 11, 2017   Australia   100% owned by Cenntro Inc.
Cenntro Automotive Corporation (“CAC”)
  
March 22, 2013
  
Delaware, U.S.
  
100% owned by Cenntro Inc.
Cenntro Electric Group, Inc. (“CEG”)
  
March 9, 2020
  
Delaware, U.S.
  
100% owned by Cenntro Inc.
Cennatic Power, Inc. (“Cennatic Power”)
  
June 8, 2022
  
Delaware, U.S.
  
100% owned by Cenntro Inc.
Cenntro Electric Group (Europe) GmbH   January 13, 2022   Frankfurt, Germany   100% owned by Cenntro Inc.
Teemak Power Corporation
  
January 31, 2023
  
Delaware, U.S.
  
100% owned by Cenntro Inc.
Avantier Motors Corporation
  
November 17, 2017
  
Delaware, U.S.
  
100% owned by Cenntro Inc.
Cenntro Electric CICS, SRL
  
November 30, 2022
  
Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
  
99% owned by Cenntro Inc.
Cennatic Energy S. de R.L. de C.V.
  
August 24, 2022
  
Monterrey, Mexico
  
100% owned by Cenntro Inc.
Cenntro Automotive S.A.S.
  
January 16, 2023
  
Galapa, Colombia
  
100% owned by Cenntro Inc.
Cenntro Electric Colombia S.A.S.
  
March 29, 2023
  
Atlántico, Colombia
  
100% owned by Cenntro Inc.
Cenntro Automotive Group Limited (“CAG HK”)
  
February 15, 2016
  
Hong Kong
  
100% owned by Cenntro Inc.
Hangzhou Ronda Tech Co., Limited (“Hangzhou Ronda”)
  
June 5, 2017
  
PRC
  
100% owned by Cenntro Inc.
Hangzhou Cenntro Autotech Co., Limited (“Cenntro Hangzhou”)
  
May 6, 2016
  
PRC
  
100% owned by Cenntro Inc.
Zhejiang Cenntro Machinery Co., Limited
  
January 20, 2021
  
PRC
  
100% owned by Cenntro Inc.
Jiangsu Tooniu Tech Co., Limited
  
December 19, 2018
  
PRC
  
100% owned by Cenntro Inc.
Hangzhou Hengzhong Tech Co., Limited
  
December 16, 2014
  
PRC
  
100% owned by Cenntro Inc.
Teemak Power (Hong Kong) Limited (HK)
  
May 17, 2023
  
Hong Kong
  
100% owned by Cenntro Inc.
Avantier Motors (Hong Kong) Limited
  
March 13, 2023
  
Hong Kong
  
100% owned by Cenntro Inc.
Cenntro Automotive Europe GmbH (“CAE”)
  
May 21, 2019
  
Herne, Germany
  
100% owned by Cenntro Inc.
Cenntro Electric B.V.
  
December 12, 2022
  
Amsterdam, Netherlands
  
100% owned by Cenntro Inc.
Cenntro Elektromobilite Araçlar A.Ş
  
February 21, 2023
  
Turkey
  
100% owned by Cenntro Inc.
Cenntro Elecautomotiv, S.L.
  
July 5, 2022
  
Barcelona, Spain
  
100% owned by Cenntro Inc.
Cenntro Electric Group (Europe) GmbH (“CEGE”)
  
January 13, 2022
  
Düsseldorf, Germany
  
100% owned by Cenntro Inc.
Simachinery Equipment Limited (“Simachinery HK”)
  
June 2, 2011
  
Hong Kong
  
100% owned by Cenntro Inc.
Zhejiang Sinomachinery Co., Limited (“Sinomachinery Zhejiang”) *
  
June 16, 2011
  
PRC
  
100% owned by Cenntro Inc.
Shengzhou Cenntro Machinery Co., Limited (“Cenntro Machinery”) *
  
July 12, 2012
  
PRC
  
100% owned by Cenntro Inc.
Cenntro EV Center Italy S.R.L.
  
May 8, 2023
  
Italy
  
100% owned by Cenntro Inc.
Antric Gmbh
   August 21, 2020   Herne, Germany    100% owned by Cenntro Inc.
Pikka Electric Corporation
   August 3, 2023   Delaware, U.S.    100% owned by Cenntro Inc.
Centro Technology Corporation
   August 24, 2023   California, U.S.    100% owned by Cenntro Inc.
Hangzhou Hezhe Energy Technology Co., Ltd. (“Hangzhou Hezhe”)   July 1, 2021   PRC   80% owned by Cenntro Inc.

* As of the issuance date of this report on Form 10-Q, Sinomachinery Zhejiang and Cenntro Machinery were in the process of being deregistered.

NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

(a)
Basis of presentation

The accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023, which has been derived from audited financial statements, and the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2024 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

Certain information and disclosures, which are normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. Management believes that the disclosures made are adequate to provide a fair presentation. The interim financial information should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. The results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year or any future periods.

(b)
Use of estimates

The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include allowance for credit losses, lower of cost and net realizable value of inventories, impairment losses for long-lived assets and investments, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets and fair value of convertible promissory notes and warrants. Changes in facts and circumstances may result in revised estimates. The current economic environment has increased the degree of uncertainty inherent in those estimates and assumptions.

6
CENNTRO INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(c)
Fair value measurement

ASC 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three levels based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market. These tiers include:

Level 1—defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

Level 2—defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and

Level 3—defined as unobservable inputs for which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.

The Company’s financial instruments not reported at fair value primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, prepayments and other current assets, amount due from and due to related parties, accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities.

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, bank loans and amount due from and due to related party, current were approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these items. The estimated fair values of loan from third party, and amount due from related party, non-current were not materially different from their carrying value as presented due to the brief maturities and because the interest rates on these borrowings approximate those that would have been available for loans of similar remaining maturities and risk profiles.

Available-for-sale investments and currency-cross swap were classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because they were valued using quoted prices in active markets. Our debt security investments are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. As the Issuer is not yet listed and there are no similar companies in the market at the same stage of development for comparison, the Issuer is difficult to value, and the valuation is not considered reliable. Therefore, the Company develop own assumption by future cash flow forecast, which contains principle paid and interests accrued.

The fair value option provides an election that allows a company to irrevocably elect to record certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value on an instrument-by-instrument basis at initial recognition. The Company has elected to apply the fair value option to: i) convertible promissory notes payable due to the complexity of the various conversion and settlement options available to notes holders; ii) convertible loan receivable, which was recognized as debt security in long-term investments, and iii) currency-cross swap, which was recognized as derivative financial instruments in short-term investments.

The convertible promissory notes payable accounted for under the fair value option election are each a debt host financial instrument containing embedded features that would otherwise be required to be bifurcated from the debt-host and recognized as separate derivative liabilities subject to initial and subsequent periodic estimated fair value measurements in accordance with GAAP. Notwithstanding, when the fair value option election is applied to financial liabilities, bifurcation of an embedded derivative is not required, and the financial liability is initially measured at its issue-date estimated fair value and then subsequently remeasured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis as of each reporting period date.

The portion of the change in fair value attributed to a change in the instrument-specific credit risk is recognized as a component of other comprehensive income and the remaining amount of the fair value adjustment is recognized as changes in fair value of convertible promissory notes and derivative liabilities in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. The estimated fair value adjustment is presented in a respective single line item within other expense in the consolidated statement of operations because the change in fair value of the convertible notes was not attributable to instrument-specific credit risk.

In connection with the issuances of convertible promissory notes, the Company issued investor warrants and placement agent warrants to purchase warrant shares of the Company. The Company utilizes a Binomial model to estimate the fair value of the warrants and are considered a Level 3 fair value measurement. The warrants are measured at each reporting period, with changes in fair value recognized in the statement of operations.

As a practical expedient, the Company uses Net Asset Value (“NAV”) or its equivalent to measure the fair value of its certain fund investment. The Company’s investments valued at NAV as a practical expedient are: i) private equity funds, which represent the investment in equity securities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet; ii) wealth management products purchased from banks, which represents the available-for-sale investments in short-term investments on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

7
CENNTRO INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

(d)
Revenue recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration which it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In determining when and how revenue is recognized from contracts with customers, the Company performs the following five-step analysis: (i) identification of a contract with the customer; (ii) determination of performance obligations; (iii) measurement of the transaction price; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (v) recognition of revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies each performance obligation.

The Company generates revenue primarily through sales of light-duty ECVs, sales of ECV parts, and sales of off-road electric vehicles. Revenue is recognized at a point in time once the Company has determined that the customer has obtained control over the product. Revenue is recognized net of return allowance and any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. Significant judgement is required to estimate return allowances. The Company reasonably estimate the possibility of return based on the historical experience, changes in judgments on these assumptions and estimates could materially impact the amount of net revenues recognized.

Shipping and handling costs for product shipments occur prior to the customer obtaining control of the goods are accounted for as fulfilment costs rather than separate performance obligations and recorded as sales and marketing expenses.

The following table disaggregates the Company’s revenues by product line for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

   
For the Nine Months Ended
 September 30,
  
   
2024
    
2023
  
   
(Unaudited)
     (Unaudited)  
Vehicles sales
  
$
25,483,836
    
$
12,732,639
  
Spare-parts sales
    
2,783,954
      
586,632
  
Other service income
    
176,041
      
151,624
  
Net revenues
  
$
28,443,831
    
$
13,470,895
  

The Company’s revenues are derived from Europe, Asia and America. The following table sets forth disaggregation of revenue by customer location.

   
For the Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  
   
2024
    
2023
  
    (Unaudited)     (Unaudited)  
Primary geographical markets
    
　
  
America
  
$
17,071,721
    
$
451,848
  
Europe
    
7,260,544
      
10,035,492
  
Asia
    
4,080,473
      
2,983,555
  
Others     31,093       -  
Total
  
$
28,443,831
    
$
13,470,895
  

Contract Balances

Timing of revenue recognition was once the Company has determined that the customer has obtained control over the product. Accounts receivable represent revenue recognized for the amounts invoiced and/or prior to invoicing when the Company has satisfied its performance obligation and has an unconditional right to the payment.

Contractual liabilities primarily represent the Company’s obligation to transfer additional goods or services to a customer for which the Company has received consideration. The consideration received remains a contractual liability until goods or services have been provided to the customer. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized $946,071 and $484,477 revenue that was included in contractual liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The following table provides information about receivables and contractual liabilities from contracts with customers:

   
September 30,
2024
(Unaudited)
    
December 31,
2023
  
Accounts receivable, net
  
$
4,556,857
    
$
6,530,801
  
Contractual liabilities
  
$
4,958,315
    
$
3,394,044
  

(e)
Recently issued accounting standards pronouncement

Except for the ASUs (“Accounting Standards Updates”) issued but not yet adopted disclosed in “Note 2 (ab) Recently issued accounting standards pronouncements” of the Company 2023 Form 10-K, there is no ASU issued by the FASB that is expected to have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated results of operations or financial position.

8
CENNTRO INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 3 – BUSINESS COMBINATION
Acquisition of Hangzhou Hezhe’s equity interest
On June 23, 2021, the Company invested RMB2,000,000 (approximately $284,998) in Hangzhou Hezhe to acquire 20% of its equity interest. On May 8, 2024, the Company entered into a new equity investing agreement to acquire another 60% of Hangzhou Hezhe’s equity interest, with the cash consideration amounted to RMB3,704,307 (approximately $527,860), and the share transfer was completed on May 21, 2024. The fair value of previously held equity interest is RMB1,234,769 (approximately $170,546) at the acquisition date. As of September 30, 2024, the Company held 80% of equity interest in Hangzhou Hezhe in total.
The transaction constitutes a business combination for accounting purposes and is accounted for using the acquisition method under ASC 805. Cenntro Inc. is deemed to be the accounting acquirer and the assets and liabilities of Hangzhou Hezhe are recorded at the fair value as of the date of the closing. Loss of $149,872 from this acquisition was recognized for the nine-month ended September 30, 2024 due to the difference between the carrying value of the equity method investment and its fair value as at the closing date.

The following is a summary of the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. RMB: USD exchange rate of 7.2401 as of April 30, 2024 was applied:



　
  
As of May 21 2024
          
 
  
　　RMB
  
USD
  
Amortization Period
  
Current assets (1)
    
7,592,974
    
1,048,739
    
  　　　
  
Property and equipment
    
1,383,600
    
191,102
    
3 - 10 years
  
Goodwill
    
48,514
    
6,701
    
  　　　
  
Current liabilities
    
(2,822,703
)
  
(389,871
)
          
Deferred tax liabilities
    
(28,540
)
  
(3,942
)
  
  　　　
  
Noncontrolling interest
    
(1,234,769
)
  
(170,546
)
          
Total
    
4,939,076
    
682,183
    
  　　　
  




(1)
Current assets acquired primarily included cash and cash equivalent of $156,237, inventories of $887,447 and other current assets of $5,055.


As the acquire is a unlisted company, the fair vale measurements for the noncontrolling interest and previously held equity interest are estimated with reference to the purchase price per share as of the acquisition date.

NOTE 4 - ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET

Accounts receivable, net is summarized as follows:

   
September 30,
2024
(Unaudited)
    
December 31,
2023
  
Accounts receivable
  
$
6,306,003
    
$
8,443,069
  
Less: allowance for credit losses
    
(1,749,146
)
    
(1,912,268
)
Accounts receivable, net
  
$
4,556,857
    
$
6,530,801
  

The changes in the allowance for credit losses are as follows:

   
For the Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  
   
2024
    
2023
  
    (Unaudited)
    (Unaudited)
 
Balance at the beginning of the period
  
$
1,912,268
    
$
1,961,034
  
Write-off
    
(179,430
)
    
(104,583
)
Foreign exchange
    
16,308
   
2,682
  
Balance at the end of the period
  
$
1,749,146
    
$
1,859,133
  

NOTE 5 - INVENTORIES

Inventories are summarized as follows:

   
September 30,
2024
(Unaudited)
    
December 31,
2023
  
Raw material
  
$
11,919,839
    
$
11,568,791
  
Work-in-progress
    
1,957,184
      
1,494,441
  
Goods in transit
    
3,945,197
      
3,774,310
  
Finished goods
    
26,164,108
      
30,576,355
  
Inventories, gross
    
43,986,328
      
47,413,897
  
Less: Inventory valuation allowance
    (8,103,892 )     (3,504,333 )
Inventories, net
  $ 35,882,436     $ 43,909,564  

The changes in inventory valuation allowance are as follows:

   
For the Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  
   
2024
    
2023
  
    (Unaudited)     (Unaudited)  
Balance at the beginning of the period
  
$
3,504,333
    
$
3,218,765
  
Addition during the period
    5,684,056       -  
Write-off (1)
    
(1,081,060
)
    
(6,021
)
Foreign exchange    
(3,437
)
    
(97,942
)
Balance at the end of the period
 
$
8,103,892
    
$
3,114,802
  

(1) As Cenntro Machinery was in the process of being deregistered as of September 30, 2024, inventories was disposed with the corresponding inventory valuation allowance written-off.

9
CENNTRO INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 6 - PREPAYMENT AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

Prepayment and other current assets consisted of the following:

   
September 30,
2024
(Unaudited)
    
December 31,
2023
  
Advance to suppliers
  
$
14,468,196
    
$
12,579,554
  
Deductible input value added tax
    
5,109,877
      
6,238,040
  
Receivable from third parties
    
-
      
1,000,000
  
Others
    
1,393,505
      
573,556
  
Prepayment and other current assets
  
$
20,971,578
    
$
20,391,150
  

NOTE 7 - LONG-TERM INVESTMENT, NET

Equity method investments, net

The Company had the following equity method investments:

   
September 30,
2024
(Unaudited)
    
December 31,
2023
  
Hangzhou Entropy Yu Equity Investment Partnership (Limited Partnership) (“Entropy Yu”) (1)
  
$
2,152,000
    
$
2,127,062
  
Hangzhou Hezhe Energy Technology Co., Ltd. (“Hangzhou Hezhe”) (2)
    
-
      
407,778
  
Able 2rent GmbH (DEU) (3)
    
92,174
      
89,432
  
Total
  
$
2,244,174
    
$
2,624,272
  

(1)
On September 25, 2022, the Company invested RMB15,400,000 (approximately $2,194,482) in Entropy Yu to acquire 99.355% of the partnership entity’s equity interest. The Company accounts for the investment under the equity method because the Company controls 50% of voting interests in partnership matters and material matters must be agreed upon by all partners. The Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over Entropy Yu.

(2)
On June 23, 2021, the Company invested RMB2,000,000 (approximately $284,998) in Hangzhou Hezhe to acquire 20% of its equity interest. On May 8, 2024, the Company entered an agreement to acquire 60% of Hangzhou Hezhe’s equity interest, with the consideration of RMB3,704,307 (approximately $527,860). As of September 30, 2024, Hangzhou Hezhe become a subsidiary of the Company.

(3)
On March 22, 2022, CAE invested EUR100,000 (approximately $111,450) in Able 2rent GmbH (DEU) to acquire 50% of its equity interest. The Company accounts for the investment under the equity method.

Equity investment without readily determinable fair value

The Company had the following equity investment without readily determinable fair value:

   
September 30,
2024
(Unaudited)
    
December 31,
2023
  
HW Electro Co., Ltd. (1)
  
$
1,000,000
    
$
1,000,000
  
Robostreet Inc. (2)
     200,000       450,000  
Total
  
$
1,200,000
    
$
1,450,000
  
 
(1)
On January 31, 2023, the Company entered into a debt convention agreement with HW Electro Co., Ltd., to convert the loan principal of $1,000,000 into HW Electro Co., Ltd.’s shares. The Company held 1,143,860 shares of HW Electro Co., Ltd.’s for a total of 3.00% of its equity interest.

(2) On July 12, 2023, the Company entered into a share sale and purchase agreement with Robostreet Inc., to acquire 176 shares of Robostreet Inc.’s for a total of 14.97% of its equity interest with a consideration of cash of $200,000 and three models of programmable smart chassis for an aggregate value of $250,000. On August 5, 2024, the two parties entered into an amendment to share sale and purchase agreement, by revising the total purchase consideration to a cash payment of $200,000 only, which is 78 shares for a total of 7.24% of its equity interest.

Debt Security Investments

On July 24, 2023 the Company purchased a $1,000,000 convertible note (the “Convertible Note”) from third party Acton, Inc. (the “Issuer”). In July and August, 2023, the Company has paid total amount of $600,000 to the Issuer. The balance of debt investments was $634,212 and $611,712, respectively, as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. At any time on or after the maturity date, the convertible loan will convert into shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing the outstanding principal balance and unpaid accrued interest of the convertible loan as of the date of such conversion by the applicable conversion price.

10
CENNTRO INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 8 - INVESTMENT IN EQUITY SECURITIES

As of September 30, 2024, the balance consisted of the following two equity investments:

   
September 30,
2024
(Unaudited)
   
December 31,
2023
  
MineOne Fix Income Investment I L.P
  
$
26,341,901
    
$
26,060,355
  
Micro Money Fund SPC
    
-
      
98,119
  
Total
  
$
26,341,901
    
$
26,158,474
  

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company made redemption of $73,441 and nil of both equity investments, respectively.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company received interest of $500,000 and nil of both equity investments, respectively.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded upward adjustments $756,868 and downward adjustments of $1,166,125 for changes in fair value of both equity investments, respectively.

NOTE 9 - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET

Property, plant and equipment, net consisted of the following:
   
September 30,
2024
(Unaudited)
   
December 31,
2023
  
At cost:
            
Plant and building
  
$
11,688,542
    
$
11,549,755
  
Land
     1,063,270       1,063,270  
Machinery and equipment
    
3,738,564
      
3,437,783
  
Leasehold improvement
    
6,498,974
      
6,221,899
  
Office equipment
    
2,071,907
      
2,179,269
  
Motor vehicles
    
1,379,248
      
1,106,055
  
Construction in progress
     641,626       531,248  
Total
    
27,082,131
      
26,089,279
  
Less: accumulated depreciation
    
(5,924,180
)
    
(4,677,524
)
Impairment
     (982,506 )     (1,010,234 )
Property, plant and equipment, net
  
$
20,175,445
    
$
20,401,521
  

Depreciation expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were $1,289,126 and $1,128,261, respectively.

Impairment loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were $4,368 and $345,540, respectively.

NOTE 10 - INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

Intangible assets, net consisted of the following:
   
September 30,
2024
(Unaudited)
    
December 31,
2023
  
At cost:
            
Land use right
  
$
5,649,538
    
$
5,584,050
  
Trademark
     815,814       809,738  
Technology
     740,028       734,517  
Software
    
119,728
      
118,350
  
Total
    
7,325,108
      
7,246,655
  
Less: accumulated amortization
    
(701,237
)
    
(372,874
)
Intangible assets, net
  
$
6,623,871
    
$
6,873,781
  

Amortization expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were $316,388 and $83,367, respectively.

11
CENNTRO INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


NOTE 11 –SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM BANK LOANS



                  
As of September 30,
2024
(Unaudited)
   
As of December 31,
2023
  
Bank and other financial institution
  
Annual Interest Rate
  
Start
Maturity
  
Principal
    
Current
portion
    
Non-
current
portion
    
Current
portion
    
Non-
current
portion
  
Bank of Multiple Promerica Republic Dominicana
 (1)  
10.00
%
April and June 2024
April and
June 2029
    
461,400
      
100,000
      
361,400
      
-
      
-
  
Bank of Multiple Promerica Republic
Dominicana
 (2)   10.00
 %
June and July 2024
 December 2024 and January 2025     162,836       162,836       -       -       -  
Total
                
624,236
      
262,836
      
361,400
      
-
      
-
  

(1)
On April 30, 2024 and June 21, 2024, the Company borrowed $408,000 and $92,000 from Bank of Multiple Promerica Republic Dominicana, with the interest of 10% and the due date of April 29, 2029 and June 20, 2029, respectively. The Company should repay the loan monthly in five years after the month the loans were borrowed, with monthly principal repayment of $6,800 and $1,533, respectively. As of September 30, 2024, principal amount of $38,600 was repaid. The loan was guaranteed by bank deposit of $500,000, which was due on October 30, 2024 and would extend to the maturity date of the loan.

(2)
In June 2024 and July 2024, the Company borrowed $67,236 and $95,600 from Bank of Multiple Promerica Republic Dominicana, with the interest of 10%, which were due in December 2024 and January 2025, respectively. The loan was guaranteed by bank deposit of $200,000, which was due on June 12, 2024 and would extend to the maturity date of the loan.

12
CENNTRO INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 12 – ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities are summarized as follow:

   
September 30,
2024
(Unaudited)
    
December 31,
2023
  
Accrued litigation compensation
  
$
1,763,231
    
$
1,773,007
  
Other taxes payable
    
1,344,977
      
732,685
  
Accrued expenses
    
720,993
      
961,914
  
Interest-free loan provided by third parties
    
626,825
      
-
  
Returns payable
    
497,405
      
-
  
Employee payroll and welfare payables
    
161,628
      
621,605
  
Credit card payable
    
48,802
      
106,650
  
Accrued professional fees
    
-
      
36,505
  
Others
    
185,421
      
31,521
  
Total
  
$
5,349,282
    
$
4,263,887
  

NOTE 13 - INCOME TAXES

Australia

CEGL is subject to a tax rate of 25%.

United States

U.S. subsidiaries are subject to a federal tax rate of 21% and respective state tax rate. On December 22, 2017, the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act” (“The 2017 Tax Act”) was enacted in the United States. Under the provisions of the Act, the U.S. corporate tax rate decreased from 34% to 21%. The 2017 Tax Act imposed a global intangible low-taxed income tax (“GILTI”), which is a new tax on certain off-shore earnings at an effective rate of 10.5% for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 (increasing to 13.125% for tax years beginning after December 31, 2025) with a partial offset for foreign tax credits.
 
Europe

Subsidiaries in Germany, Spain, Italy, Netherlands and Turkey are subject to a tax rate of 15.8%, 25%, 24%, 19% and 25%, respectively.

Hong Kong

In accordance with the relevant tax laws and regulations of Hong Kong, a company registered in Hong Kong is subject to income taxes within Hong Kong at the applicable tax rate on taxable income. Effective from April 1, 2018, a two-tier corporate income tax system was officially implemented in Hong Kong, which is 8.25% for the first HK$2.0 million profits, and 16.5% for the subsequent profits, it is exempted from the Hong Kong income tax on its foreign-derived income. CEG’s subsidiaries, CAG HK and Sinomachinery HK, are registered in Hong Kong as intermediate holding companies, subject to an income tax rate of 16.5% for taxable income earned in Hong Kong. Payments of dividends from Hong Kong subsidiaries to CEG are not subject to any Hong Kong withholding tax.

PRC

The Company’s PRC subsidiaries are subject to the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law (“EIT Law”) and are taxed at the statutory income tax rate of 25%, unless otherwise specified.

Income tax benefit for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $47,149 and income tax expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $25,084.

The components of losses before income taxes are summarized as follows:

   
For the Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  
   
2024
    
2023
  
   
(Unaudited)
     (Unaudited)
 
PRC  
$
10,352,769
    
$
5,953,627
  
Europe     9,407,782       10,832,103  
US
    
4,861,383
      
12,622,663
  
Australia
    
1,705,205
      
10,830,171
  
Others
    
1,125,615
      
1,030,694
  
Total
  
$
27,452,754
    
$
41,269,258
  

13
CENNTRO INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 14 - LEASES

The Company leases offices space under non-cancellable operating leases. The Company considers those renewal or termination options that are reasonably certain to be exercised in the determination of the lease term and initial measurement of right of use assets and lease liabilities. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheets.

The Company determines whether a contract is or contains a lease at inception of the contract and whether that lease meets the classification criteria of a finance or operating lease.

The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

A summary of lease cost recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss is as follows:

 
For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
  
 
2024
  
2023
  
   (Unaudited)    (Unaudited)  
Operating leases cost excluding short-term rental expense
  
$
3,681,557
    
$
3,415,206
  
Short-term lease cost
    
588,329
      
637,353
  
Total
  
$
4,269,886
    
$
4,052,559
  

A summary of supplemental information related to operating leases is as follows:

 
September 30,
2024
  
September 30,
2023
  
    (Unaudited)    (Unaudited)  
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
  
$
2,668,166
    
$
2,836,188
  
Weighted average remaining lease term
5.54 years
  
6.34 years
  
Weighted average discount rate
    
6.26
%
    
6.23
%

The Company’s lease agreements do not have a discount rate that is readily determinable. The incremental borrowing rate is determined at lease commencement or lease modification and represents the rate of interest the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term and an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment.

The following table summarizes the maturity of lease liabilities under operating leases as of September 30, 2024:

   
Operating
Leases
  
For the remaining of 2024
  
$
1,892,740
  
Years ended December 31,
        
2025
    
3,792,727
  
2026
    
3,864,253
  
2027
    
3,900,075
  
2028
    
1,986,439
  
2029 and thereafter
    
5,659,333
  
Total lease payments
    
21,095,567
  
Less: imputed interest
    
3,201,907
Total
    
17,893,660
  
Less: current portion    
4,605,336
  
Non-current portion
  
$
13,288,324
  

14
CENNTRO INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 15 - CONVERTIBLE PROMISSORY NOTE AND WARRANT

Convertible Promissory Note

On July 20, 2022, the Company issued to investors convertible promissory note (“Note”) in the aggregate principal amount of $61,215,000 due on July 19, 2023, unless earlier repurchased, converted or redeemed. The Note bears interest at a rate of 8% per annum, and the net proceed after deducting issuance expenses was $54,069,000.

The main terms of the Note are summarized as follows:

Conversion feature

At any time after the issue date until the Note is no longer outstanding, this Note shall be convertible, in whole or in part, into common stock at the option of the holder, at any time and from time to time.

Redemption feature

If the Company shall carry out one or more subsequent financings in excess of US$25,000,000 in gross proceeds, the holder shall have the right to (i) require the Company to first use up to 10% of the gross proceeds of such subsequent financing if the aggregate outstanding principal amount of the Note is in excess of US$30,000,000 and (ii) require the Company to first use up to 20% of the gross proceeds of such subsequent financing if the outstanding principal amount of the Note is US$30,000,000 or less to redeem all or a portion of this Note for an amount in cash equal to the Mandatory Redemption Amount equal to 1.08 multiplied by the sum of principal amount subject to the mandatory redemption, plus accrued but unpaid interest, plus liquidated damages, if any, and any other amounts.

In addition, if the closing price of the common stock on the principal trading market is below the floor price of $1.00 per share for a period of ten consecutive trading days, the holder shall have the right to require the Company to redeem the sum of principal amount plus accrued but unpaid interest under the Note.

Contingent interest feature

The Note is subject to certain customary events of default. If any event of default occurs, the outstanding principal amount, plus accrued but unpaid interest, liquidated damages and other amounts owing, shall become immediately due and payable, and at the holder’s election, in cash at the mandatory default amount or in common stock at the mandatory default amount at a conversion price equal to 85% of the 10-day volume weighted average price. Commencing 5 days after the occurrence of any event of default, the interest shall accrue at an interest rate equal to the lesser of 10% per annum or the maximum rate permitted under applicable law.

The financial liability was initially measured at its issue-date estimated fair value and subsequently remeasured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis at each reporting period date. The remaining estimated fair value adjustment is presented as other expense in the consolidated statement of operations, change in fair value of convertible notes.

The movement of Note during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 are as follows:

   
Liability component
  
As of December 31, 2023
  
$
9,956,000
  
Convertible promissory notes issued during the year
    
-
  
Redemption of convertible promissory notes
    
-
  
Fair value change recognized
    
(4,000
)
As of September 30, 2024 (Unaudited)
    
9,952,000
  

The estimated fair value of the Note upon issuance date December 31, 2023 and as of September 30, 2024 was computed using a Monte Carlo Simulation Model, which incorporates significant inputs that are not observable in the market, and thus represents a Level 3 measurement. The unobservable inputs utilized for measuring the fair value of the Note reflects our assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in valuing the Note as of the issuance date and subsequent reporting period.

We determined the fair value by using the following key inputs to the Monte Carlo Simulation Model:

 
Fair Value Assumptions - Convertible Promissory Note
  
September 30,
2024
    
December 31,
2023
  
Face value principal payable
    
9,953,381
      
9,953,381
  
Original conversion price
    
12.375
      
12.375
  
Interest Rate
    
8.00
%
    
8.00
%
Expected term (years)
    
0.30
      
1.05
  
Volatility
    
60.09
%
    
53.46
%
Market yield (range)
    
12.47
%
    
13.93
%
Risk free rate
    
4.13
%
    
4.69
%
Issue date
  
July 20, 2022
    
July 20, 2022
  
Maturity date
  
January 19, 2025
    
January 19, 2025
  

Warrant

Accompanying with the Note, the Company issued to the same investor warrants to purchase up to 2,473,334 warrant shares (after the “Share Consolidation”) * of the Company, with an exercise price of $1.61 per share, which may be exercised by the holders on a cashless basis by using Black-Scholes model to determine the net settlement shares.

Additionally, after the Company completed the above Note financing, the Company issued to the placement agent warrants to purchase 247,333 (after the “Share Consolidation”) * warrant shares of the Company at a same day, as part of the underwriter’s commission. The warrants were issued with an exercise price of $1.77 per share.

Both warrants are exercisable from the date of issuance and have a term of five years from the date of issuance. They were presented as liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet at fair value in accordance with ASC 480 “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity”. The liabilities then, will be remeasured every reporting period with any change to fair value recorded as other income (expense) in the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

*On September 1, 2023 the Company held its annual general meeting of shareholders where among other proposals, the shareholders of the Company did approve the consolidation of the warrant shares of the Company on a one-for-ten (1:10) basis with effect from December 8, 2023 (the “Share Consolidation”). The one-for-ten reverse stock split decreased the number of outstanding shares and increased net loss per common share. All per share and share amounts presented have been retroactively adjusted for the effect of this share consolidation for all periods presented.

Unless otherwise indicated, all references to common stock, warrants to purchase common stock, share data, per share data, and related information have been retroactively adjusted, where applicable, in this Report to reflect the reverse stock split of our common stock as if they had occurred at the beginning of the earlier period presented.

The movement of warrants during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 are as follows:

   
Investor warrants component
    
Placement agent warrants component
  
    Shares
    Amount
    Shares
    Amount
 
As of December 31, 2023
     873,810    
$
12,189,508
       247,333    
$
3,456,578
  
Exercise of warrants
     (3,583 )    
(49,986
)
     -      
-
  
Fair value change recognized
     -      
1,719
       -      
474
  
As of September 30, 2024 (Unaudited)
     870,227      
12,141,241
       247,333      
3,457,052
  

The fair value for these two warrants were computed using the Binomial model with the following assumptions:

 
Fair Value Assumptions – Warrants
  
September 30,
2024
   
December 31,
2023
  
Expected term (years)
    
2.80
      
3.55
  
Volatility
    
66.64
%
    
72.11
%
Risk free rate
    
3.57
%
    
3.91
%
Expected expiry date     July 19, 2027       July 19, 2027  

15
CENNTRO INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 16- SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

Share based compensation expenses for periods prior to the consummation of the Combination relate to the share options granted by CAG Cayman to the employees and directors of Cenntro.

Share options granted by CAG Cayman to employees of the Company

On February 10, 2016, CAG Cayman adopted the 2016 Share Incentive Option Plan (the “2016 Plan”), which allowed CAG Cayman to grant options to the employees and directors of Cenntro to purchase up to 1,413,936 ordinary shares (after the “Share Consolidation”) * of CAG Cayman subject to vesting requirements. On April 17, 2018, CAG Cayman expanded the share reserve under the 2016 Plan, increasing the number of ordinary shares available for issuance under the 2016 Plan by an additional 1,048,480 ordinary shares (after the “Share Consolidation”) * for a total 2,462,416 ordinary shares (after the “Share Consolidation”) *. Generally, the options granted under the 2016 Plan became exercisable during the term of the optionee’s service with CAG Cayman in five equal annual instalments of 20% each. The expiration dates of the options are between six and eight years from the respective grant dates as stated in the option grant letters.

In connection with the Combination, CAG Cayman amended and restated the 2016 Plan, adopting the Amended 2016 Plan. In connection with the closing of the Combination, each employee stock option outstanding under the Amended 2016 Plan immediately prior to the closing of the Combination was converted into an option to purchase a number of ordinary shares equal to the aggregate number of shares for which such stock option was exercisable immediately prior to the closing of the Combination multiplied by the Exchange Ratio of 0.71563. As a result, the 12,891,130 options granted by CAG Cayman prior to the closing of the Combination under the 2016 Plan were converted into 9,225,271 options of CEGL. The exercise price of such options modified to equal the exercise price per share of such stock option immediately prior to the closing of the Combination divided by the Exchange Ratio.

The conversion of the incentive stock options of CAG Cayman under the Amended 2016 Plan into incentive stock options of CEGL was deemed a modification at closing of the Combination, which is the modification date. There were, no incremental fair value recorded immediately before and after the modification date.

On August 21, 2023, the Company extended the term and expiration date of each 2016 Option Agreement from eight (8) years to ten (10) years from the date of grant pursuant to the terms of the 2016 Plan.

Share options granted by CEGL to employees of the Company

On May 3, 2022, CEGL adopted the 2022 Share Incentive Plan (the “2022 Plan”), which allowed CEGL to grant options to the employees and directors of the Company to purchase up to 2,596,523 (after the “Share Consolidation”) * ordinary shares of CEGL subject to vesting requirement.

On May 3, 2022, CEGL granted 12,797,063 options to the directors of the Company to purchase CEGL’s ordinary shares at exercise prices ranging from $1.680 to $1.848 per share. Among them, 297,615 options have a contractual term of five years, 12,499,448 options have a contractual term of ten years.

The fair value of option per share grant on May 3, 2022 varied from $11.064 to $14.332. The aggregate grant date fair value of the options grant was $18,243,489.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the total share-based compensation expenses were comprised of the following:

 
 
For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
2024
 
 
2023
 
 
 
(Unaudited)
 
 
(Unaudited)
 
General and administrative expenses
　
$
2,234,708
　
　
$
3,700,403
　
Selling and marketing expenses
 
 
145,455
 
 
 
546,064
 
Research and development expenses
 
　
263,051
 
 
　
318,534
 
Total
　
$
2,643,214
　
　
$
4,565,001
　

16
CENNTRO INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
A summary of share options activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:

 
  
Number of
Share
Options
    
Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
US$
    
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Years
    
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
US$
  
Outstanding at December 31, 2022(After the “Share Consolidation”) *
    
2,160,337
      
14.38
      
5.99
      
721,210
  
Granted
    
-
      
-
                  
Exercised
    
-
      
-
                  
Forfeited
    
(24,875
)
    
16.80
                  
Expired
    
(14,735
)
    
11.99
                  
Outstanding at September 30, 2023(Unaudited, after the “Share Consolidation”)*
    
2,120,727
      
14.37
      
5.22
      
-
  
                                 
Outstanding at December 31, 2023 (After the “Share Consolidation”)*
    
2,025,115
      
14.26
      
4.81
      
-
  
Granted
    
-
      
-
                  
Exercised
    
-
      
-
                  
Forfeited
    
(85,335
)
    
16.99
                  
Expired
    
(161,363
)
    
16.96
                  
Outstanding at September 30, 2024 (unaudited)
    
1,778,417
      
13.88
      
3.89
      
-
  
Expected to vest at September 30, 2024 (unaudited)
    
334,081
      
17.16
      
7.32
      
-
  
Exercisable as of September 30, 2024 (unaudited)
    
1,444,336
      
13.09
      
3.09
      
-
  

*On September 1, 2023 the Company held its annual general meeting of shareholders where among other proposals, the shareholders of the Company did approve the consolidation of the common stock of the Company on a one-for-ten (1:10) basis with effect from December 8, 2023 (the “Share Consolidation”). The one-for-ten reverse stock split decreased the number of outstanding shares and increased net loss per common share. All per share and share amounts presented have been retroactively adjusted for the effect of this share consolidation for all periods presented.

Unless otherwise indicated, all references to common stock, warrants to purchase common stock, share data, per share data, and related information have been retroactively adjusted, where applicable, in this Report to reflect the reverse stock split of our common stock as if they had occurred at the beginning of the earlier period presented.
 
The Company calculated the fair value of the share options on the grant date and modification date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing valuation model. The assumptions used in the valuation model are summarized in the following table.

 
  
For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
  
 
  
2024
    
2023
  
Expected volatility
  
　83.41%-86.57%
    
　　83.41%-86.57%
  
Expected dividends yield
  
0%

 
0%

Risk-free interest rate per annum
  
2.97%~3.01%
    
2.97%~3.01%
  
The fair value of underlying common stock (per share)
  
　$16.80
    
　　$1.68
  

The expected volatility is calculated based on the annualized standard deviation of the daily return embedded in historical share prices of the Company. The risk-free interest rate is estimated based on the yield to maturity of US treasury bonds based on the expected term of the incentive shares.

As of September 30, 2024, there was approximately $4,838,592 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested share options. The unrecognized compensation costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.47 years.

17
CENNTRO INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 17 - CONCENTRATIONS

(a)
Customers

The following table sets forth information as to each customer that accounted for 10% or more of net revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

   
Nine Months ended
  
Nine Months ended
  
   
September 30, 2024,
(Unaudited)
  
September 30, 2023,
(Unaudited)
  
Customer
   Amount
 
% of Total
 
Amount
  
% of Total
 
A
    
$
669,263
      
*
    
$
2,219,933
      
16
%
Total
    
$
669,263
      
-
    
$
2,219,933
      
16
%

*
Indicates below 10%.

The following table sets forth information as to each customer that accounted for 10% or more of total gross accounts receivable as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

   
As of September 30, 2024, (Unaudited)
    
As of December 31, 2023,
  
Customer  
Amount
     % of Total
   
Amount
     % of Total
 
A
  $ 1,389,401       22 %   $ 723,636     *  
B
    
1,247,038
      
20
%
    
1,237,751
      
15
%
C
    
53,113
       *      
2,724,397
      
32
%
Total
  
$
2,689,552
      
42
%
  
$
4,685,785
      
47
%

*
Indicates below 10%.

The following table sets forth information as to each customer that accounted for 10% or more of advance from customers as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

     
As of September 30, 2024, (Unaudited)
    
As of December 31, 2023,
  
Customer
    
Amount
    
% of Total
    
Amount
    
% of Total
  
A
    
$
823,858
      
17
%
  
$
821,806
      
24
%
D
      
841,433
      
17
%
    
855,240
      
25
%
E
   
323,856
      
*
      
901,343
      
27
%
Total
    
$
1,989,147
      
34
%
  
$
2,578,389
      
76
%

(b)
Suppliers

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s material suppliers, each of whom accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s total purchases, were as follows:

   
Nine Months ended
September 30, 2024,
(Unaudited)
    
Nine Months ended
September 30, 2023,
(Unaudited)
  
Supplier
  
Amount
    
% of Total
    
Amount
    
% of Total
  
A
  
$
9,645,436
      
54
%
  
$
5,593,765
      
26
%
B
    1,929,796       11 %     1,922,570       *  
C
    349,786       *       3,078,975       14 %
Total
  
$
11,925,018
      
65
%
  
$
10,595,310
      
40
%

*
Indicates below 10%.

There were no suppliers that accounted for 10% or more of total accounts payable as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.


The following table sets forth information as to each supplier that accounted for 10% or more of advance to suppliers as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

   
As of September 30, 2024, (Unaudited)
    
As of December 31, 2023,
  
Supplier
  
Amount
    
% of Total
    
Amount
    
% of Total
  
A
  
$
3,582,162
      
25
%
  
$
1,280,302
      
10
%
B
    
293,159
      
*
      
2,492,312
      
20
%
C
    
3,173,880
      
22
%
    
2,880,875
      
23
%
D
    
2,564,979
      
18
%
    
2,535,247
      
20
%
Total
  
$
9,614,180
      
65
%
  
$
9,188,736
      
73
%

18
CENNTRO INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 18 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Litigation

The Company may be involved in various legal proceedings, claims and other disputes arising from the commercial operations, projects, employees and other matters which, in general, are subject to uncertainties and in which the outcomes are not predictable. The Company determines whether an estimated loss from a contingency should be accrued by assessing whether a loss is deemed probable and can be reasonably estimated. Although the outcomes of these legal proceedings cannot be predicted, the Company does not believe these actions, in the aggregate, will have a material adverse impact on its financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

Subject to retention of title and an instalment payment agreement, CAE sold 90 vehicles for a total price of EUR 2,185,721.32 (approximately $2,358,611.88) to the French company B-Moville under a contract dated August 23，2021. B-MOVILLE had already settled an amount of EUR 58,787.33 by the end of 2022 and, therefore, still owed CAE an amount of EUR 2,126,933.99, of which EUR 548,244.11 was owed by the end of 2022 under the instalment agreement. B-Moville had withheld instalment payments due to alleged defects of the vehicles, without specifying the amount of the claims for reduction of the purchase price. B-Moville had handed over the cars to its parent company SWOOPIN. SWOOPIN is insolvent and has been in judicial liquidation since November 2, 2022. The vehicles held by SWOOPIN were prevented from becoming part of the insolvency estate and being realized by the insolvency administrator. Due to the retention of title clause, the property of the 90 vehicles shall be reclaimed by CAE. In the meantime, SWOOPIN returned the vehicles to B-Moville. As of 14 May 2023, the insolvency court of Paris opened insolvency proceedings B-Moville. CAE has filed its claims in the insolvency proceedings. However, The liquidator has advised that there is no prospect of payment to unsecured creditors, including CAE, following its declaration of claims. The recovery of the outstanding amount owed to CAE is deemed highly unlikely. All Receivable of CAE related to the case has been written off.

In October 2021, Sevic Systems SE (“Sevic”), a former channel partner, commenced a lawsuit against Zhangzhou Machinery, one of Cenntro’s wholly owned subsidiaries, relating to a breach of contract for the sale of goods (the “Sevic Lawsuit”). Sevic filed its complaint with the People’s Court of Keqiao District, Shaoxing City, Light Textile City (the “People’s Court”). In the Sevic Lawsuit, Sevic alleges that the Shengzhou Machinery provided it with certain unmarketable goods and requests that the People’s Court (i) terminate two signed purchase orders signed on July 22, 2019 under its sales contract with Shengzhou Machinery signed on August 13, 2019 and (ii) award Sevic money damages for the cost of goods of $465,400, as well as interest and incidental losses, including freight and storage costs, for total damages of approximately $628,109. The parties entered into mediation and on July 27, 2023, the People’s Court issued a civil mediation letter stating that i) both Sevic and Shengzhou Machinery agreed to terminate (x) two purchase orders signed on July 22, 2019 and (y) the sales contract signed on August 13, 2019; ii) Shengzhou Machinery shall pay Sevic a sum of approximately $13,908 by August 7, 2023; iii) Sevic voluntarily waived all other claims; and iv) Sevic shall pay the case acceptance fee and the property preservation application fee totaling approximately $3,429. After the completion of the meditation, no other disputes were outstanding between the two parties.

On March 25, 2022, Shengzhou Hengzhong Machinery Co., Ltd. (“Shengzhou”), an affiliate of Cenntro Automotive Corporation, filed a demand for arbitration against Tropos Technologies, Inc. with the American Arbitration Association (“AAA”), asserting claims for breach of contract and unjust enrichment. Shengzhou is seeking payment of $1,126,640 (exclusive of interest, costs, and attorneys’ fees) for outstanding invoices owed by Tropos Technologies, Inc. to Shengzhou. As of the date of this report, Tropos Technologies, Inc. has not yet formally responded to the demand. On February 16, 2023, AAA appointed an arbitrator and both parties are waiting for further proceedings under the arbitration process. On April 25, 2023, Tropos Technologies, Inc. filed a motion to dismiss the arbitration demand. On May 23, 2023, Shengzhou Machinery filed a response in opposition to the motion to dismiss the arbitration demand. On January 29, 2024, the arbitrator issued his opinion and order denying Tropos’ Motion to dismiss. Shengzhou requested motion to dismiss the arbitration without prejudice against Tropos, which was granted by arbitrator on August 26, 2024.

In June 2022, Sevic Systems SE (“Sevic”) filed for injunctive relief in a corporate court in Brussels, Belgium, alleging CAE infringement of Sevic’s intellectual property (“IP”) rights. The injunctive action was also directed against LEIE Center SRL (“LEIE”) and Cedar Europe GmbH (“Cedar”), two distribution partners of CAE. There, Sevic claims it acquired all IP rights to an electric vehicle, the so-called CITELEC model (“CITELEC”), fully and exclusively from the French company SH2M Sarl (“SH2M”) under Mr. Pierre Millet. Sevic claims these rights were acquired under a 2019 IP transfer agreement. According to Sevic, the METRO model (“METRO”) produced by Cenntro Electro Group Ltd. (“Cenntro”) and distributed by CAE derives directly from the CITELEC. The distribution of the METRO, therefore, allegedly infringes on Sevic’s IP rights. In its action, Sevic relies on (Belgian) copyright law and unfair business practices. On February 2, 2023, the president of the commercial court of Brussels rendered a judgment, declaring i) the claim against Cedar was inadmissible and ii) The main claim against CAE and LEIE was founded. According to the president’s opinion the CITELEC-model can enjoy copyright protection and determined it was sufficiently proven that Sevic acquired the copyrights of the CITELEC-model. The president then concluded that the distribution of the METRO-model in Belgium constituted a violation of article XI. 165 §1 of the Belgian Code of Economic Law and thereby ordered the cessation of the distribution of the METRO-model, a penalty in the form of a fine of EUR20,000.00 per sold vehicle in Belgium and EUR5,000.00 for each other infringement in Belgium after the judgement was served with a maximum fine of EUR500,000.00 for LEIE and EUR1,000,000.00 fine for CAE. Because CAE has not sold any METRO-models in Belgium, the Company believes the judgement is incorrect but has accrued the related liability according to the judgement made. On April 17, 2023 CAE filed a writ of appeal. The introductory hearing was scheduled for May 22, 2023. The judge did not give any legal assessment at the hearing. All parties have been granted deadlines for written pleadings. The receipt of the final writ has been planned for September 2, 2024. As of now, it is not possible to determine what the outcome of these proceedings will be.

In July 2022, Cenntro filed a request for the cancellation of two European Union mark (“EU mark”) which belongs to a third party with European Union Intellectual Property Office (“EUIPO”). EUIPO decided in favor of Cenntro in November 2023. The two trademarks in question were cancelled and the costs of the cancellation proceedings were borne by the other party.

On July 22, 2022, Xiongjian Chen filed a complaint against Cenntro Electric Group Limited (“CENN”), Cenntro Automotive Group Limited (“CAG”), Cenntro Enterprise Limited (“CEL”) and Peter Z. Wang (“Wang,” together with CENN, CAG and CEL, the “Defendants”) in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey. The complaint alleges eleven causes of action sounding in contract and tort against the Defendants, all pertaining to stock options issued to Mr. Chen pursuant to his employment as Chief Operating Officer of CAG. With respect to the four contract claims, Plaintiff alleges breach of contract claims pertaining to an employment agreement between Plaintiff and CAG and a purported letter agreement between Plaintiff and CEL. With respect to the seven tort claims, Plaintiff alleges claims regarding purported misrepresentations and promises made concerning the treatment of Plaintiff’s stock options upon a corporate transaction, including claims for tortious interference, fraud, promissory estoppel, negligent misrepresentation, unjust enrichment and conversion. The complaint seeks, among other things, money damages (including compensatory and consequential damages) in the amount of $19 million, plus interest, attorneys’ fees and expenses. Defendants moved to dismiss the complaint against all Defendants for failure to state a claim and for lack of personal jurisdiction over defendants CAG and CEL. On April 30, 2023, the District Court dismissed the claims against CAG and CEL for lack of personal jurisdiction. In addition, the District Court dismissed all the claims against Wang and CENN without prejudice and permitted the Plaintiff to amend his complaint within 30 days to address the deficiencies in his claims against Wang and CENN. On May 28, 2023, Plaintiff filed an amended complaint. On July 20, 2023 the Defendants filed a motion seeking the dismissal of that amended complaint. On September 22, 2023, the Plaintiff filed to oppose our Motion to Dismiss and Motion to Strike. The Defendants filed our reply briefs by the deadline on November 9, 2023. On January 25, 2024, the Magistrate Judge entered an Order granting Plaintiff’s Motion to Amend and denying our Motion to Strike as moot.

As of the issuance date of this report on Form 10-Q, there remains one ongoing civil litigation case between Hangzhou Ronda Tech Co., Limited (“Ronda”), one of Cenntro’s wholly owned subsidiaries, and Fujian Newlongma Automotive Co., Ltd. (“Newlongma”), one of Ronda’s suppliers; and the other two cases have been withdrawn:

On February 6, 2023, Hangzhou Ronda Tech Co., Limited (“Ronda”), one of Cenntro’s wholly owned subsidiaries, commenced a lawsuit against Fujian Newlongma Automotive Co., Ltd. (“Newlongma”), one of Ronda’s suppliers, in the Hangzhou Yuhang District People’s Court, under which Ronda plead for (i) the termination of the vehicle purchase orders that Ronda placed with Newlongma on February 26, 2022; (ii) recovery of advance payments for total amount of approximately $438,702; and (iii) compensation for damages caused equal to approximately $453,290. The case mediation date was March 3, 2023 and was subsequently docketed on July 3, 2023. Since then, Newlongma filed a jurisdictional objection, and the Court dismissed that jurisdictional objection. Subsequently Newlongma filed a counterclaim and the Court hosted an exchange of evidence between the parties on 17 October 2023, and discovery was also organized on November 14, 2023 and January 16, 2024. On March 5, 2024, the first instance judgment was made,  ruling: 1) Newlongma to fully return advance payments plus 100% damage totaling $869,702; 2) Ronda to pay for outstanding invoices totaling $583,813; and 3) to terminate all agreements between the parties, including the vehicle purchase orders which have not been fulfilled. Newlongma was dissatisfied with this third judgment and filed an appeal on March 21, 2024. The appeal was dismissed and the original judgment was upheld by the Court on July 2, 2024.


On December 18, 2023, Zhejiang Sinomachinery Co., Ltd. filed a lawsuit against Tonghe County Tianxin Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd. (“Tianxin”), requesting payment for total contract price of CNY461,800 (approximately US$ 65,104) and interest under a disputed contract of sale. On April 17, 2024, the court made the judgement supporting plaintiff’s primary claims, ruling Tianxin to pay Zhejiang Sinomachinery CNY461,800 (approximately US$ 65,104) plus interest and relevant legal expenses within 10 days. On July 3, 2024, the Court accepted Zhejiang Sinomachinery’s application for compulsory execution.



On January 2, 2024, MHP Americas, Inc. (“MHP”), through counsel, sent a letter to Cenntro Electric Group Limited (“Cenntro”) demanding payment allegedly owed by Cenntro to MHP in the amount of $1,767,516.91 for unpaid invoices and $3,289,500 for total contract invoices and milestone payments for alleged breaches in connection with the parties’ August 8, 2022, Master Consulting Services Agreement and/or March 9, 2023, Statement of Work. On January 12, 2024, Cenntro, through counsel, responded to the letter denying any breach and disputing the amounts claimed.



On April 10, 2024, CEGL filed a lawsuit against MHP Americas, Inc. (“MHP”) for breach under the Master Consulting Services Agreement and SAP S/4HANA SOW by failure to properly implement the SAP S/4HANA globally as set forth in those contracts, and for breach of implied covenants of good faith and fair dealing, causing Cenntro to suffer significant damages; and demanded a jury trial on all issues which are triable. Under this claim, CEGL is seeking for a remittance of $512,226 paid to date and a recission of the remaining contract with MHP. On April 30, 2024, MHP filed a Notice of Removal of this action from the Superior Court of New Jersey to the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey. At the time of this report, the case remains active with parties performing required interrogatories and discovery. The matter is ongoing with outcomes anticipated in 4th quarter of 2025.



On March 18, 2024, EastGroup Properties, LP filed a summons for eviction against Cenntro Automotive Group for default of rents on commercial leased property located in Duval County, Jacksonville, Florida. It is alleged that Cenntro was behind in rental payments to the landlord. As of the date of this report, both parties have reached a Settlement Agreement and General Release of All Claims. The matter is now closed.



On March 20, 2024 BAL Freeway Associates, LLC filed an Unlawful Detainer against Cenntro Automotive Corporation alleging non-payment of rents for commercial leased property in San Bernadino County, Ontario, CA.  Parties were able to come to terms through counsel via Stipulated Judgement for prescribed settlement of due rents. Said Stipulated Judgement was filed with the court in San Bernadino County on May 6, 2024.  To date, all parties have honored stipulations and Cenntro continues to occupy premises.



On April 22, 2024, BRI 2240 North Lane Avenue, LLC filed a summons for eviction against Cenntro Automotive Group for default of rents on commercial leased property located in Duval County, Jacksonville, Florida. It is alleged that Cenntro was behind in rental payments to the landlord. As of the date of this report, Cenntro has vacated the premises, the case remains open and is in the final stages of negotiating settlement between the parties.


On May 6, 2024, 225 Willow Brook Rd, LLC filed a summons notice against Cenntro Automotive Corporation noting default of rents on commercial leased property located in Monmouth County, Freehold, New Jersey. It is alleged that Cenntro was behind in rent payments to the landlord. Cenntro has vacated the premises, turned in all keys and all other material items belonging to the landlord and in Cenntro’s possession at the time and notified the Landlord of the same.  On June 7, 2024, the matter was dismissed by plaintiff noting Cenntro has no financial obligation associated with the dismissal of the matter.


On June 24, 2024, EWI Worldwide, Inc through representation sent a Demand for Arbitration regarding contract dispute with Cenntro Automotive Corporation.  It is alleged that an outstanding balance is owed in the amount of $271,255.79, excluding legal and filing fees associated therewith.   Said breach of contract involves the lease and set-up of tradeshow display equipment.  As of the date of this report, the parties have completed Arbitration. Accompanied by satisfaction of the amount outstanding, a Settlement Agreement and Mutual Release of all Claims filing has been recorded. And the matter is now closed.



CAE has filed an action in court Landgericht Bochum against Delivrium s.r.o., a company in Louny, Czech Republic (“Delivrium”) for a claim arising from a purchase contract by and between Delivrium and CAE for a dispute of € 956,760 under which CAE is requesting payment and acceptance of vehicles previously ordered by Delivrium . Currently CAE is waiting for a statement or notification from the court in Louny (Czech Republic). As it was not possible to deliver the claim neither to the Company nor to the Managing Director CAE files now for a public display in the court of Louny. After a period of 1 Month the claim will be handled by the court in Louny.

19
CENNTRO INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 19 - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The table below sets forth the major related parties and their relationships with the Company:

Name of related parties:
  
Relationship with the Company
Zhejiang RAP
  
An entity significantly influenced by Hangzhou Ronda Tech Co., Limited, the Company’s subsidiary
Hangzhou Hezhe
  
An entity significantly influenced by Hangzhou Ronda Tech Co., Limited, the Company’s subsidiary as of December 31, 2023. On May 8, 2024, Hangzhou Hezhe become a subsidiary of the Company.
Billy Rafael Romero Del Rosario
  
A shareholder who owns 1% equity interest of Cenntro Electric CICS, SRL and was the CEO of Cenntro Electric CICS, SRL

Related party transactions

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company had the following material related party transactions.

 
  
For the Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  
 
  
2024
    
2023
  
    (Unaudited)     (Unaudited)  
Interest income from a related party
            
Zhejiang RAP  
22,220    
9,639  
                 
Purchase of raw materials from related parties
                
Hangzhou Hezhe (1)
    
3,759
      
196,603
  
 
                
Payment on the purchase of the raw materials
                
Hangzhou Hezhe  (1)
    
-
      
54,979
  
 
                
Refund on the purchase of the raw materials
                
Hangzhou Hezhe (1)
    
69,397
      
-
  
 
                
Prepayment of operating fund to a related party
                
Billy Rafael Romero Del Rosario
    
413,437
      
-
  

  (1)
The transaction for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 of this related party consisted of transaction only before it become a subsidiary of the Company, which was from January to April, 2024.

Amounts due from related parties

The following table presents amounts due from related parties as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

   
September 30,
2024
(Unaudited)
    
December 31,
2023
  
Billy Rafael Romero Del Rosario (1)
   $ 512,691     $ 109,420  
Zhejiang RAP
     12,201       -  
Hangzhou Hezhe
    -     $
178,019  
Total
  
$
524,892
    
$
287,439
  


(1)
The balance represented the payment of operating fund to this related party.

Amounts due to a related party

The following table presents amounts due to related parties as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

   
September 30,
2024
(Unaudited)
    
December 31,
2023
  
Zhejiang RAP
  
$
-
    
$
10,468
  
Total
  
$
-
    
$
10,468
  

NOTE 20 - SUBSEQUENT EVENT

The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the date of issuance of the condensed consolidated financial statements, there were no subsequent events with material financial impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

20

ITEM 2.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Introductory Note

Except as otherwise indicated by the context, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Form 10-Q”) to the “Company,” “Cenntro,” “we,” “us” or “our” are references to the combined business Cenntro Inc. and its subsidiaries. The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) summarizes the significant factors affecting our results of operations, liquidity, capital resources and contractual obligations. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere herein.

A. Key Components of Results of Operations
 
Net revenues
 
Up until December 31, 2021, we generate revenue primarily through the sale of ECVs to our channel partners. Starting in 2022, especially after the acquisition of CAE and the termination of the channel partners in North America, we have started to transform our go-to-market model to a more blended approach.  Historically (i.e. up until end of 2021), these revenues were generated solely by the sale of the Metro®.  Starting from the last quarter of 2021, we began generating revenue from the sales of new ECV models, the Logistar™ 200, Logistar™ 210V, Logistar™ 100, Logistar™ 260, Teemak™, Neibor® 200, Avantier™ and Neibor® 150 in Europe,  Clubcar, Logistar™ 210 and Logistar™ 260 in Asia, Avantier™ and Logistar™ 400 in the US. Starting from 2024, we expect substantial increase in revenue from the US market as we shift our focus to the North American market sales and introduce additional new models for the US market.
 
Net revenues ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were generated from (a) vehicles sales, which primarily represent net revenues from sales of Metro® vehicles (including vehicle kits), Logistar™ 200, Logistar™ 210, Logistar™ 210V,  Logistar™ 260, Logistar™ 400, Antric®, Avantier™, Logistar™ 100, Neibor® 150, Neibor® 200 and Clubcar, (b) sales of ECV spare-parts related to our Metro® vehicles, and (c) other sales, which primarily were: (i) the sales of inventory of outsourced ECV batteries and (ii) charges on services provided to channel partners for technical developments and assistance with vehicle homologation or certification.
 
Cost of goods sold
 
Cost of goods sold mainly consists of production-related costs including costs of raw materials, consumables, direct labor, overhead costs, depreciation of plants and equipment, manufacturing waste treatment processing fees and inventory write-downs. We incur cost of goods sold in relation to (i) vehicle sales and spare-part sales, including, among others, purchases of raw materials, labor costs, and manufacturing expenses that related to ECVs, and (ii) other sales, including cost and expenses that are not related to ECV sales.
 
Cost of goods sold also includes inventory write-downs. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The cost of raw materials is determined on the basis of weighted average. The cost of finished goods is determined on the basis of weighted average and is comprised of direct materials, direct labor cost and an appropriate proportion of overhead. Net realizable value is based on estimated selling prices less selling expenses and any further costs of completion. Adjustments to reduce the cost of inventory to net realizable value are made, if required, for estimated excess, obsolescence, or impaired balances. Write-downs are recorded in the cost of goods sold in our statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
 
Operating expenses
 
Our operating expenses consist of general and administrative, selling and marketing expenses, and research and development expenses. General and administrative expenses are the most significant components of our operating expenses. Operating expenses also include provision for doubtful accounts.
 
Research and Development Expenses
 
Research and development expenses consist primarily of employee compensation and related expenses, prototype expenses, costs associated with assets acquired for research and development, product development costs, production inspection and testing expenses, product strategic advisory fees, third-party engineering and contractor support costs and allocated overhead. We will continue committing our resource in our research and development functions as we continue to invest in new ECV models, new materials and techniques, vehicle management and control systems, digital control capabilities and other related technologies.

Selling and Marketing Expenses
 
Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of employee compensation and related expenses, sales commissions, marketing programs, freight costs, travel and entertainment expenses and allocated overhead. Marketing programs consist of advertising, tradeshows, events, corporate communications and brand-building activities. We expect our selling and marketing expenses to increase as we introduce our new ECV models, further develop additional local dealership and service support networks to augment our expanding sales globally.
 
21
General and Administrative Expenses
 
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of employee compensation and related expenses for administrative functions including finance, legal, human resources, and fees for third-party professional services. While we continue to monitor general and administrative expenses, we anticipate that our general and administrative expenses will not increase in 2024 as we committed to improve operational efficiency in the next two years, following rapid expansions in previous years.
 
Accounts receivable and allowance for credit losses
 
The Company adopted ASC 326 Financial Instruments – Credit Losses using the modified retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to accumulated deficit from January 1. 2023 and interim periods therein. Management used an expected credit loss model for the impairment of accounts receivable as of period ends. Management believes the aging of accounts receivable is a reasonable parameter to estimate expected credit loss, and determines expected credit losses for accounts receivables using an aging schedule as of period ends. The expected credit loss rates under each aging schedule were developed on basis of the average historical loss rates from previous years, and adjusted to reflect the effects of those differences in current conditions and forecasted changes. Management measured the expected credit losses of accounts receivable on a collective basis. When an accounts receivable does not share risk characteristics with other accounts receivables, management will evaluate such accounts receivable for expected credit loss on an individual basis. Doubtful accounts balances are written off and deducted from allowance. when receivables are deemed uncollectible. after all collection efforts have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.
 
Impairment loss for long-lived assets
 
We evaluate the recoverability of long-lived assets or asset group with determinable useful lives whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an asset or a group of assets’ carrying amount may not be recoverable. We measure the carrying amount of long-lived asset against the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the assets or asset group and their eventual disposition. The carrying amount of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable when the sum of the undiscounted expected future net cash flows is less than the carrying value of the asset being evaluated. Impairment loss is calculated as the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds its fair value. Fair value is generally determined by discounting the cash flows expected to be generated by the assets or asset group, when the market prices are not readily available. The adjusted carrying amount of the assets become new cost basis and are depreciated over the assets’ remaining useful lives. Long-lived assets are grouped with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities.
 
Other income (expenses)
 
Interest expense, net
 
Interest expense, net, consists of interest on outstanding loans and the convertible promissory notes.
 
Income(loss) from and impairment on equity method investments
 
Entities over which we have the ability to exercise significant influence but do not have a controlling interest through investment in common shares, or in-substance common shares, are accounted for using the equity method. Under the equity method, we initially record our investment at cost and subsequently recognize our proportionate share of each such entity’s net income or loss after the date of investment into the statements of operations and comprehensive loss and accordingly adjust the carrying amount of the investment. When our share of losses in the equity of such entity equals or exceeds our interest in the equity of such entity, we do not recognize further losses, unless we have incurred obligations or made payments or guarantees on behalf of such entity. An impairment charge is recorded when the carrying amount of the investment exceeds its fair value and this condition is determined to be other-than-temporary. The adjusted carrying amount of the assets become new cost basis.
 
22
Key Operating Metrics
 
We prepare and analyze operating and financial data to assess the performance of our business and allocate our resources. The following table sets forth our key performance indicators for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

   
Nine Months ended September 30,
  
   
2024
    
2023
  
(Expressed in U.S. Dollars)
  
(Unaudited)
  
Gross margin of vehicle sales
    
19.2
%
    
16.3
%

Gross margin of vehicle sales. Gross margin of vehicle sales is defined as gross profit of vehicle sales divided by total revenue of vehicle sales.
 
Results of Operations
 
The following table sets forth a summary of our statements of operations for the periods indicated:

   
Three Months ended September 30,
    
Nine Months ended September 30,
  
   
2024
    
2023
    
2024
    
2023
  
(Expressed in U.S. Dollars)
  
(Unaudited)
    
(Unaudited)
  
Combined Statements of Operations Data:
                        
Net revenues
    
16,731,340
      
5,762,831
      
28,443,831
      
13,470,895
  
Cost of goods sold
    
(12,688,393
)
    
(5,045,364
)
    
(23,161,743
)
    
(11,411,439
)
Gross profit/(loss)
    
4,042,947
      
717,467
      
5,282,088
      
2,059,456
  
Operating Expenses:
                                
Selling and marketing expenses
    
(5,027,864
)
    
(2,626,829
)
    
(7,651,305
)
    
(7,238,563
)
General and administrative expenses
    
(7,934,755
)
    
(9,071,910
)
    
(21,945,891
)
    
(25,715,387
)
Research and development expenses
    
(1,476,684
)
    
(1,634,796
)
    
(4,292,153
)
    
(5,347,785
)
Total operating expenses
    
(14,439,303
)
    
(13,333,535
)
    
(33,889,349
)
    
(38,301,735
)
                                 
Loss from operations
    
(10,396,356
)
    
(12,616,068
)
    
(28,607,261
)
    
(36,242,279
)
                                 
Other Income (Expense):
                                
Interest expense, net
    
(34,198
)
    
(84,573
)
    
(58,744
)
    
(137,726
)
Loss from equity method investments
    
(11,152
)
    
(107,069
)
    
(28,262
)
    
(236,672
)
Loss from acquisition of Antric Gmbh
    
-
      
(1,316,772
)
    
-
      
(1,316,772
)
Loss from acquisition of Hezhe
    
-
      
-
      
(149,872
)
    
-
  
Impairment of Long-term investments
    
-
      
(2,668
)
    
-
      
(1,157,334
)
Gain on redemption of convertible promissory notes
    
-
      
966
      
-
      
865
  
Gain/(Loss) on exercise of warrants
    
910
      
(1,134
)
    
910
      
(228,749
)
Change in fair value of convertible promissory notes and derivative liability
    
(6,724
)
    
15,143
      
1,808
      
88,568
  
Change in fair value of equity securities
    
262,417
      
(1,879,593
)
    
756,868
      
(1,166,125
)
Foreign currency exchange gain/(loss), net
    
1,838,505
      
(311,204
)
    
1,108,826
      
(1,667,475
)
Gain (loss) from cross-currency swaps
    
(705
)
    
-
      
882
      
-
  
Other (expense) income, net
    
(646,718
)
    
199,389
      
(477,909
)
    
794,441
  
Loss before income taxes
    
(8,994,021
)
    
(16,103,583
)
    
(27,452,754
)
    
(41,269,258
)
Income tax benefit/(expense)
    
12,434
      
384
      
47,149
      
(25,084
)
Net loss
    
(8,981,587
)
    
(16,103,199
)
    
(27,405,605
)
    
(41,294,342
)
Less: net loss attributable to non-controlling interests
    
(9,815
)
    
(534
)
    
(20,855
)
    
(159,244
)
Net loss attributable to shareholders of the Company
    
(8,971,772
)
    
(16,102,665
)
    
(27,384,750
)
    
(41,135,098
)

23
Comparison of the Three and Nine Months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023
 
Net Revenues
 
The following table presents our net revenue components by amount and as a percentage of the total net revenues for the periods presented.
 
   
Three Months ended September 30,
    
Nine Months ended September 30,
  
   
2024
    
2023
    
2024
    
2023
  
   
Amount
    
%
    
Amount
    
%
    
Amount
    
%
    
Amount
    
%
  
(Expressed in U.S. Dollars)
  
(Unaudited)
    
(Unaudited)
  
Net revenues:
                                                
Vehicle Sales
  
$
15,873,300
      
94.9
%
  
$
5,506,589
      
95.6
%
  
$
25,483,836
      
89.6
%
  
$
12,732,639
      
94.5
%
Spare-part sales
    
805,793
      
4.8
%
    
241,930
      
4.2
%
    
2,783,954
      
9.8
%
    
586,632
      
4.4
%
Other sales
    
52,247
      
0.3
%
    
14,312
      
0.2
%
    
176,041
      
0.6
%
    
151,624
      
1.1
%
Total net revenues
  
$
16,731,340
      
100.0
%
  
$
5,762,831
      
100.0
%
  
$
28,443,831
      
100.0
%
  
$
13,470,895
      
100.0
%

Net revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 were approximately $28.4 million, an increase of approximately $15.0 million or 111.2% from approximately $13.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase in net revenues in 2024 was primarily attributed to an increase in vehicle sales by approximately $12.8 million due to the improvement of sales volume and average selling price from approximately $19,234 to $23,125, and an increase in spare-part sales by approximately $2.2 million due to the increase of sales of iChassis. The net revenues in US market for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 were approximately $15.4 million, an increase of approximately $15.2 million from approximately $0.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase in net revenues in US market in 2024 was primarily attributed to an increase in vehicle sales by approximately $15.3 million.
 
Net revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2024 were approximately $16.7 million, an increase of approximately $11.0 million or 190.3% from approximately $5.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The increase in net revenues in 2024 was primarily attributed to an increase in vehicle sales by approximately $10.4 million due to the increase of sales volume and average selling price from approximately $18,478 to $23,275, and the increase in spare-part sales by approximately $0.6 million. The net revenues in US market for the three months ended September 30, 2024 were approximately $10.3 million, an increase of approximately $10.1 million from approximately $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The increase in net revenues in US market in 2024 was primarily attributed to an increase in vehicle sales by approximately $10.1 million.
 
24
For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we sold 1082 ECVs, including 117 fully assembled Metro® units, 62 fully assembled Logistar™ 200 units, 110 fully assembled Logistar™ 100 units, 23 fully assembled Teemak™ units, 68 fully assembled Logistar™ 260 units, 115 fully assembled Logistar™ 400 units, 445 fully assembled Avantier™ units, 20 Neibor® 150 units, 82 Clubcar units, 33 Antric® units, 3 Logistar™ 210 units, 1 Logistar™ 210V units and 3 Neibor® 200 units, compared with 662 ECVs for the nine months ended September 30,  2023, including 234 fully assembled Metro® units, 150 fully assembled Logistar™ 200, 157 fully assembled Logistar™ 100, 6 fully assembled Teemak™, 84 fully assembled Logistar™ 260, 1 fully assembled Logistar™ 400,  21 fully assembled Avantier™, 8 Neibor® 150 units and one Antric® V5. In U.S. market, we sold 149 ECVs, including 12 fully assembled Metro® units, 115 fully assembled Logistar™ 400 units, 18 fully assembled Teemak™ units and 4 fully assembled Avantier™ units, compared with 6 ECVs for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, including 5 fully assembled Metro® units and 1 fully assembled Logistar™ 400.
 
For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we also sold 886 iChassis™ units and 20 other vehicles, other than the 1082 ECVs.
 
For the three months ended September 30, 2024, we sold 662 ECVs，, including 64 fully assembled Metro® units, 19 fully assembled Logistar™ 200, 51 fully assembled Logistar™ 100, 4 fully assembled Teemak™, 14 fully assembled Logistar™ 260, 78 fully assembled Logistar™ 400, 363 fully assembled Avantier™, 5 Neibor® 150 units, 43 Clubcar units, 19 Antric® units, 1 Logistar™ 210 units, and 1 Logistar™ 210V units, compared with 298 ECVs for the three months ended September 30, 2023, including 78 fully assembled Metro® units, 48 fully assembled Logistar™ 200, 108 fully assembled Logistar™ 100, 4 fully assembled Teemak™, 37 fully assembled Logistar™ 260, 1 fully assembled Logistar™ 400, 21 fully assembled Avantier™ and one Antric® V5.
 
For the three months ended September 30, 2024, we also sold 230 iChassis™ units and 20 other vehicles, other than the 662 ECVs.
 
Geographically, the vast majority of our net revenues were generated from vehicle sales in the U.S. during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, net revenues from Europe, North America, Asia (including China) and Africa as a percentage of total revenues was 25.5%, 60.1%, 14.3% and 0.1%, respectively, compared to 74.5%, 3.4%, 22.1% and n il, respectively for the corresponding period in 2023.
 
The vast majority of our net revenues were generated from vehicle sales in the U.S. during the three months ended September 30, 2024. For the three months ended September 30, 2024, net revenues from Europe, North America, Asia (including China) and Africa as a percentage of total revenues was 21.6%, 67.6%, 10.6% and 0.2%, respectively, compared to 78.2%, 6.2%, 15.7% and nil, respectively for the corresponding period in 2023.
 
For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, net revenues from vehicle sales in Europe, North America, Asia (including China) and Africa as a percentage of total vehicle net revenues was 27.1%, 66.9%, 5.9% and 0.1%, respectively, compared to 77.6%, 3.3%, 19.1% and nil, respectively, for the corresponding period in 2023.
 
For the three months ended September 30, 2024, net revenues from vehicle sales in Europe, North America, Asia (including China) and Africa as a percentage of total vehicle net revenues was 22.2%, 71.2%, 6.5% and 0.1%, respectively, compared to 81.4%, 6.4%, 12.2% and nil, respectively, for the corresponding period in 2023.
 
Cost of goods sold
 
The following table presents our cost of goods sold by amount and as a percentage of the total cost of goods sold for the periods presented.
 
   
Three Months ended September 30,
    
Nine Months ended September 30,
  
   
2024
    
2023
    
2024
    
2023
  
   
Amount
    
%
    
Amount
    
%
    
Amount
    
%
    
Amount
    
%
  
(Expressed in U.S. Dollars)
  
(Unaudited)
    
(Unaudited)
  
Cost of goods sold:
                                                
Vehicle Sales
  
$
(8,195,192
)
    
64.6
%
  
$
(4,639,338
)
    
92.0
%
  
$
(14,913,358
)
    
64.4
%
  
$
(10,662,446
)
    
93.4
%
Spare-part sales
    
(483,249
)
    
3.8
%
    
(383,722
)
    
7.6
%
    
(2,376,339
)
    
10.3
%
    
(584,807
)
    
5.1
%
Other sales
    
(51,787
)
    
0.4
%
    
(22,304
)
    
0.4
%
    
(187,990
)
    
0.8
%
    
(164,186
)
    
1.5
%
Inventory write-down
    
(3,958,165
)
    
31.2
%
    
-
      
-
      
(5,684,056
)
    
24.5
%
    
-
      
-
  
Total cost of goods sold
  
$
(12,688,393
)
    
100.0
%
  
$
(5,045,364
)
    
100.0
%
  
$
(23,161,743
)
    
100.0
%
  
$
(11,411,439
)
    
100.0
%

25
Cost of goods sold for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was approximately $23.2 million, an increase of approximately $11.8 million or approximately 103.0% from approximately $11.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.  The increase of cost of goods sold was mainly caused by (i) the increase in vehicle sales and spare-part sales of approximately $4.3 million and $1.8 million, respectively, (ii) the increase of inventory write-down of approximately $5.7 million compared to nil in the corresponding period in 2023.
 
Cost of goods sold for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was approximately $12.7 million, an increase of approximately $7.6 million or approximately 151.5% from approximately $5.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The increase of cost of goods sold was mainly caused by (i) the increase in vehicle sales of approximately $3.6 million, (ii) the increase of inventory write-down of approximately $4.0 million compared to nil in the corresponding period in 2023
 
Gross Profit/(Loss)
 
Gross Profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was approximately $5.3 million, an increase of approximately $3.2 million from approximately $2.1 million of gross loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, our overall gross margin was approximately 18.6% and 15.3%, respectively. Our gross margin of vehicle sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was 19.2% and 16.3%, respectively. The increase of our overall gross profit was mainly caused by an increase in the gross profit of our vehicle sales and spare-part sales of approximately $8.5 million and $0.4 million, respectively, offset by the increase in the inventory write-down of approximately $5.7 million.
 
Gross Profit for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was approximately $4.0 million, an increase of approximately $3.3 million from approximately $0.7 million of gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2023. For the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, our overall gross margin was approximately 24.2% and 12.4%, respectively. Our gross margin of vehicle sales for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was 23.5% and 15.7%, respectively. The increase of our overall gross profit was mainly caused by an increase in the gross profit of our vehicle sales and spare-part sales of approximately $6.8 million and $0.5 million, respectively, offset by the increase in the inventory write-down of approximately $4.0 million.
 
Selling and Marketing Expenses
 
Selling and marketing expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 were approximately $7.7 million, an increase of approximately $0.4 million or approximately 5.7% from approximately $7.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase in selling and marketing expenses in 2024 was primarily attributed to the increase in marketing expenses and marketing related professional fee of approximately $1.7 million and $0.7 million, respectively, offset by the decrease in salary expense, freight and share-based compensations of approximately $1.0 million, $0.6 million and $0.4 million, respectively.
 
Selling and marketing expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2024 were approximately $5.0 million, an increase of approximately $2.4 million or approximately 91.4% from approximately $2.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The increase in selling and marketing expenses in 2024 was primarily attributed to the increase in marketing expenses and marketing related professional fee of approximately $2.3million and $0.3 million, respectively, offset by the decrease in freight of approximately $0.2 million.
 
26
General and Administrative Expenses
 
General and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 were approximately $21.9 million, a decrease of approximately $3.8 million or approximately 14.7% from approximately $25.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease in general and administrative expenses in 2024 was primarily attributed to a decrease in in legal and professional fee, office expenses and share-based compensations of approximately $2.1 million, $1.7 million and $1.5 million, respectively, offset by the increase in salary and social insurance expense, lease ROU amortization, amortization, leasehold improvement depreciation and others of approximately $0.7 million, $0.3 million, $0.2 million, $0.3 million and $0.1 million, respectively.
 
General and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2024 were approximately $7.9 million, a decrease of approximately $1.1 million or approximately 12.5% from approximately $9.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease in general and administrative expenses in 2024 was primarily attributed to a decrease in share-based compensation, legal and professional fee and salary, lease ROU amortization and social insurance $1.1 million, $0.6 million, $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, offset by the increase in leasehold improvement depreciation, rental expense and others of approximately $0.3 million, $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively, the increase in others was mainly caused by the increase in fee related to garage liability insurance.
 
Research and Development Expenses
 
Research and development expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 were approximately $4.3 million, a decrease of approximately $1.1 million or approximately 19.7% from approximately $5.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease in research and development expenses in 2024 was primarily attributed to the decrease in design and testing material expenditures of approximately $1.3 million, offset by the increase in salary expense of approximately $0.4 million.
 
Research and development expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2024 were approximately $1.5 million, a decrease of approximately $0.2 million or approximately 9.7% from approximately $1.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease in research and development expenses in 2024 was primarily attributed to the decrease in design and development expenditures, share-based compensations and others of approximately $0.06 million, $0.09 million and $0.06 million, respectively.
 
Interest income (expense), net
 
Interest expense, net, mainly consists of interest on convertible bonds. Net interest expense was approximately $0.06 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, a decrease of approximately $0.08 million or approximately 57.4% compared to the approximately $0.1 million in interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase was primarily attributable to (i) the decrease in interest income from deposit of approximately $0.2 million, (ii) the increase in interest income from Acton convertible bonds, RAP and HWE of approximately $0.02 million, $0.01 million and $0.02 million respectively, (iii) a decrease in interest expense to convertible bonds of approximately $0.2 million.
 
Interest expense, net, mainly consists of interest on convertible bonds. Net interest expense was approximately $ 0.03 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, a decrease of approximately $0.05 million or approximately 59.6% compared to the approximately $0.08 million in interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease was primarily attributable to (i) an increase in interest income from deposit and HWE of approximately $0.2 million and $0.1 million, (ii) a decrease in interest income from short-term investment of approximately $0.2 million, (iii) the increase in interest expense to convertible bonds of approximately $0.05 million.
 
Other income (expense), net
 
Other expense, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was approximately $0.5 million, representing a change of approximately $1.3 million compared to approximately $0.8 million of other income, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The change of other income/(expense) in 2024 compared to 2023 was primarily attributable to the increase in loss on investment and income on disposal of PPE of approximately $1.0 million and $0.3 million, respectively.
 
Other expense, net for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was approximately $0.6 million, representing a change of approximately $0.8 million compared to approximately $0.2 million of other income, net for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The change of other income/(expense) in 2024 compared to 2023 was primarily attributable to the increase in loss on investment of approximately $0.7 million and the decrease in gain on others of approximately $0.1 million.
 
27
Change in fair value of convertible promissory notes and derivative liability
 
A gain in the change in fair value of convertible promissory notes and derivative liability for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was approximately $0 million, representing a decrease of approximately $0.09 million compared to approximately $0.09 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
 
A loss in the change in fair value of convertible promissory notes and derivative liability for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was approximately $0 million, representing a change of approximately $0.02 million compared to a gain in the change in fair value of convertible promissory notes and derivative liability of approximately $0.02 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023.
 
Change in fair value of equity securities
 
A gain in the change in fair value of equity securities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was approximately $0.8 million compared to approximately $1.2 million of a loss in the change in fair value of equity securities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
 
A gain in the change in fair value of equity securities for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was approximately $0.3 million compared to approximately $1.9 million of a loss in the change in fair value of equity securities for the three months ended September 30, 2023.
 
Loss from acquisition of Antric
 
A loss from acquisition of Antric for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was nil compared to $1.3 million of loss from acquisition of Antric for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
 
A loss from acquisition of Antric for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was nil compared to $1.3 million of loss from acquisition of Antric for the three months ended September 30, 2023.
 
Impairment of Long-term investments
 
Impairment of Long-term investments for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was nil compared $1.2 million of impairment of Antric for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
 
Impairment of Long-term investments for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was nil compared $0 million of impairment of Antric for the three months ended September 30, 2023.
 
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
 
Adjusted EBITDA for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023
 
In addition to our results determined in accordance with GAAP, we believe Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP measure is useful in evaluating operational performance. We use Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate ongoing operations and for internal planning and forecasting purposes. We believe that non-GAAP financial information, when taken collectively, may be helpful to investors in assessing operating performance.
 
Adjusted EBITDA is a supplemental measure of our performance that is not required by, or presented in accordance with, GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA is not a measurement of our financial performance under GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income or any other performance measure derived in accordance with GAAP. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (or net loss) before net interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization as further adjusted to exclude the impact of stock-based compensation expense and other non-recurring expenses including expenses related to TME Acquisition, expenses related to one-off payment inherited from the original Naked Brand Group, impairment of goodwill, convertible bond issuance fee, loss on redemption of convertible promissory notes, loss on exercise of warrants, and change in fair value of convertible promissory notes and derivative liability.

28
We present Adjusted EBITDA because we consider it to be an important supplemental measure of our performance and believe it is frequently used by securities analysts, investors, and other interested parties in the evaluation of companies in our industry. Management believes that investors’ understanding of our performance is enhanced by including this non-GAAP financial measure as a reasonable basis for comparing our ongoing results of operations. Management uses Adjusted EBITDA:
 

 •
as a measurement of operating performance because it assists us in comparing the operating performance of our business on a consistent basis, as it removes the impact of items not directly resulting from our core operations;
 

 •
for planning purposes, including the preparation of our internal annual operating budget and financial projections;
 

 •
to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of our operational strategies; and
 

 •
to evaluate our capacity to expand our business.
 
By providing this non-GAAP financial measure, together with the reconciliation, we believe we are enhancing investors’ understanding of our business and our results of operations, as well as assisting investors in evaluating how well we are executing our strategic initiatives. We caution investors that amounts presented in accordance with our definition of Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similar measures disclosed by our competitors because not all companies and analysts calculate Adjusted EBITDA in the same manner. Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and should not be considered in isolation, or as an alternative to, or a substitute for net income or other financial statement data presented in our financial statements as indicators of financial performance. Some of the limitations are:
 

 •
such measures do not reflect our cash expenditures;

•
such measures do not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;

•
although depreciation and amortization are recurring, non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future and such measures do not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements; and

•
the exclusion of stock-based compensation expense, which has been a significant recurring expense and will continue to constitute a significant recurring expense for the foreseeable future, as equity awards are expected to continue to be an important component of our compensation strategy.
 
Due to these limitations, Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as a measure of discretionary cash available to us to invest in the growth of our business. We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our GAAP results and using these non-GAAP measures only supplementally. As noted in the table below, Adjusted EBITDA includes adjustments to exclude the impact of stock-based compensation expense and material infrequent items. It is reasonable to expect that these items will occur in future periods. However, we believe these adjustments are appropriate because the amounts recognized can vary significantly from period to period, do not directly relate to the ongoing operations of our business and may complicate comparisons of our internal operating results and operating results of other companies over time. In addition, Adjusted EBITDA may include adjustments for other items that we do not expect to regularly occur in future reporting periods. Each of the normal recurring adjustments and other adjustments described in this paragraph and in the reconciliation table below help management with a measure of our core operating performance over time by removing items that are not related to day-to-day operations.
 
The following table reconciles Adjusted EBITDA to the most directly comparable GAAP financial performance measure, which is net loss:
 
   
Three Months ended September 30,
    
Nine Months ended September 30,
  
   
2024
    
2023
    
2024
    
2023
  
(Expressed in U.S. Dollars)
  
(Unaudited)
    
(Unaudited)
  
Net loss
  
$
(8,981,587
)
  
$
(16,103,199
)
  
$
(27,405,605
)
  
$
(41,294,342
)
Interest expense, net
    
34,198
      
84,573
      
58,744
      
137,726
  
Income tax expense/(benefit)
    
(12,434
)
    
(384
)
    
(47,149
)
    
25,084
  
Depreciation and amortization
    
630,270
      
425,217
      
1,605,514
      
1,213,489
  
Share-based compensation expense
    
870,094
      
2,154,710
      
2,643,214
      
4,565,000
  
Gain on redemption of convertible promissory notes
    
-
      
(966
)
    
-
      
(865
)
Loss/(gain) on exercise of warrants
    
(910
)
    
1,134
      
(910
)
    
228,749
  
Change in fair value of convertible promissory notes and derivative liability
    
6,724
      
(15,143
)
    
(1,808
)
    
(88,568
)
Loss from acquisition of Antric
    
-
      
1,316,772
      
-
      
1,316,772
  
Adjusted EBITDA
  
$
(7,453,645
)
  
$
(12,137,286
)
  
$
(23,148,000
)
  
$
(33,896,955
)

29
B. Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
We have historically funded working capital and other capital requirements primarily through bank loans, equity financings and short-term loans. Also, the reverse recapitalization we have completed at the end of December 2021 provided significant funding for the Company’s operations. Cash is required primarily to purchase raw materials, repay debts and pay salaries, office expenses and other operating expenses.
 
As of September 30, 2024, we had approximately $21.8 million in cash and cash equivalents, approximately $4.6 million of accounts receivable. and approximately $35.9 million of inventory as compared to approximately $44.6 million in cash and cash equivalents, $4.6 million in accounts receivable, and $43.1 million in inventory as of September 30, 2023. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, net cash used in operating activities was approximately $12.9 million and $45.6 million, respectively.
 
Short-Term Liquidity Requirements
 
We are looking at measures to generate operating efficiency as well as increasing the inventory turns in containing the growth of working capital for reducing negative net cash used in operating activities.  With the cash improvement initiatives, we believe our cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient for us to continue to execute our business strategy over the twelve months period following the date of issuance of this 10Q. Our current business strategy for the next twelve months includes (i) the continued rollout of our new ECV models in North America and Europe, as applicable, (ii) the establishment of local assembly facilities in the United States and (iii) additional plants and equipment for the expansion of our Changxing factory1. Actual results could vary materially as a result of a number of factors, including:
 

 •
The costs of bringing our new facilities into operation;
 

 •
The timing and costs involved in rolling out new ECV models to market;
 

 •
Our ability to manage the costs of manufacturing our ECVs;
 

 •
The costs of maintaining, expanding and protecting our intellectual property portfolio, including potential litigation costs and liabilities;
 

 •
Revenues received from sales of our ECVs;
 

 •
The costs of additional general and administrative personnel, including accounting and finance, legal and human resources, as well as costs related to litigation, investigations, or settlements;
 

 •
Our ability to collect future revenues; and
 

 •
Other risks discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors.”
 
For the twelve months from the date hereof, we also plan to continue implementing measures to increase revenues and control operating costs and expenses, implementing comprehensive budget controls and operational assessments, implementing enhanced vendor review and selection processes as well as enhancing internal controls.

1 NTD: Company to provide any additional business plans requiring material capital over the next twelve months.

30
Long-Term Liquidity Requirements
 
In the long-term, we plan to regionalize the manufacturing and supply chain relating to certain components of our ECVs in the geographic markets in which our ECVs are sold. In the long-term, through our supply chain development know-how, we intend to establish supply chain relationships in North America and the European Union to support anticipated manufacturing and assembly needs in these markets, thereby reducing the time in transit and potentially other landed costs elements associated with importing our components and spare parts from China. Currently, the majority of our revenues is derived from the sale of ECVs by private label channel partners that assemble our vehicle kits in their own facilities. As part of our growth strategy, we plan to expand our channel partner network, and local assembly facilities to regionalize our manufacturing and supply chains to better serve our global customers   especially to expand our after-sales-market services offerings.
 
We intend to further expand our technology through continued investment in research and development. Since inception in 2013 through September 30, 2024, we have spent over approximately $94.3 million in research and development activities related to our operations. We plan to increase our research and development expenditure over the long term as we build on our technologies in vehicle development, driving control, cloud-based platforms, and innovations for promoting sustainable energy.
 
For our long-term business plan, we plan to fund current and future planned operations mainly through cash on hand, cash flow from operations, lines of credit and additional equity and debt financings to the extent available on commercially favorable terms.
 
Working Capital
 
As of September 30, 2024, our working capital was approximately $53.3 million, as compared to a working capital of approximately $75.6 million as of December 31, 2023. The approximately $22.3 million decrease in working capital during 2024 was primarily due to the decrease of cash and cash equivalents of approximately $7.6 million, the decrease of short-term investment of approximately $4.2 million, the decrease of accounts receivable of approximately $2.0 million, the decrease of inventories of $8.0 million, the increase of contractual liabilities of approximately $1.6 million, offset by the decrease of accounts payable of approximately $0.6 million.
 
Cash Flow
 
   
Nine Months ended September 30,
  
   
2024
    
2023
  
(Expressed in U.S. Dollars)
  
(Unaudited)
  
Net cash used in operating activities
  
$
(12,912,011
)
  
$
(45,588,906
)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities
    
4,858,042
      
(12,913,713
)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
    
1,243,068
      
(48,136,596
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
    
70,752
      
(2,614,204
)
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
    
(6,740,149
)
    
(109,253,419
)
Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of the year
    
29,571,897
      
154,096,801
  
Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of the period
  
$
22,831,748
    
$
44,843,382
  
 
Operating Activities
 
Our net cash used in operating activities was approximately $12.9 million and $45.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
 
31
Net cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily attributable to (i) our net loss of approximately $27.4 million and adjusted for non-cash items of approximately $12.1 million, which primarily consisted of impairment of slow-moving inventories, share based compensation expense and amortization of operating lease right-of-use asset of approximately $5.7 million, $2.6 million and $3.6 million, respectively, (ii) the decrease in inventories, accounts receivable and deferred revenue of approximately $3.5 million, $2.0 million and $1.2 million, respectively, (iii) the increase in operating lease liabilities of approximately $2.7 million.

Investing Activities
 
Net cash provided by investing activities was approximately $4.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Net cash provided by investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily attributable to cash received from redeeming regular financial investments of approximately $8.4 million, redemption of equity securities investment of approximately $1.6 million, approximately $4.2 million in paid for regular financial investments, approximately $0.7 million in purchase of property, plant and equipment and approximately $0.4 million net cash paid in acquisition of 80% of Hezhe's share and including related expenses.

Financing Activities
 
Net cash provided by financing activities was approximately $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily attributable to approximately $0.7 million due to proceeds from bank loans and $0.7 million due to loans proceed from third parties, offset by repayments of bank loans of approximately $0.1 million.
 
Contractual Obligations
 
In February 2021, we signed a non-cancellable operating lease agreement for warehouse and trial production use in Freehold, New Jersey (Willowbrook Road) of approximately 9,750 square feet. The lease period began in February 2021 and ends in January 2025. The annual base rent for this facility is $175,500 starting from February 2023. The lease rent fee will be adjusted upward by 3% annually afterwards. We signed the first addendum to lease on December 7, 2022 and the renewal period is two years commencing on Feb. 1, 2023 and terminating on Jan. 31, 2025, the annual base rent for the first twelve months the period is $17,500 and the annual base rent for the second twelve months the period is $180,765. The lease terminated on May 31, 2024.
 
In June 2021, we signed two non-cancellable operating lease agreements for approximately 11,700 square feet and 3,767 square feet, respectively, of two floors of an office building in Hangzhou, China. The lease period for each lease agreement began in June 2021 and ends in May 2025. Pursuant to each agreement, we paid the first six months of our rent obligations in June 2021 and thereafter will be obligated to make rental payments in advance semi-annually. The total annual base rent under these two lease agreements is $170,617 for the term ending May 2022 and $186,866 for the term ending May 2023.
 
On December 4, 2021, we entered into an entrustment agreement with Cedar Europe GmbH, a company organized under the laws of Germany (“Cedar”) pursuant to which we entrusted Cedar to, in Cedar’s name, obtain a lease agreement for facilities in Germany and operate such lease facility under Cedar’s name in exchange for the Cenntro’s responsibility for all expenditures and costs of the lease. On December 24, 2021, Cedar entered into a lease agreement for an approximately 27,220 square feet facility in Dusseldorf, Germany, where we now house our European Operations Facility. The lease period began on January 1, 2022 and ends on December 31, 2024. Pursuant to such lease agreement, the total annual base rent is€354,787 (or approximately $385,651) for the lease term. On 17 January 2023, Cedar transferred the lease to CEGE, effectively from 1 February, 2023.
 
On January 20, 2022, we entered into an operating lease agreement (the “Jacksonville Lease”), between CAC, as tenant, the Company, as guarantor, and JAX Industrial One, LTD., a Florida limited liability company, as landlord, for a facility of approximately 100,000 square feet in Jacksonville, Florida. The lease period commenced on January 20, 2022 and ends 120 months following a five-month rent abatement period. Pursuant to the Jacksonville Lease, minimum annual rent is approximately $695,000, $722,800, and $751,710, for the first three years, sequentially, and rising thereafter.
 
On March 22, 2023, we signed a non-cancellable operating lease agreement for approximately 26,579 square feet as a local plant in Colombia, the lease period began on May 1, 2023 and the lease term is two years. The rent is COP 46,796,001.49 (or approximately $11,778.71) per month and the value of the lease fee shall be readjusted in a proportion equal to the consumer price index (CPl) certified by DANE as of December 31 of the immediately preceding year, plus two (2) points.
 
32
On May 19, 2023, we completed the acquisition with Cenntro Elecautomotiv, S.L., our EVC in Spain. On April 3, 2023, Cenntro Elecautomotiv, S.L. signed a non-cancellable operating lease agreement for approximately 1,765 square feet as a local office in Barcelona, Spain, the lease period began on April 3, 2023 and the lease term is five years. The monthly rent is €1,776 (or approximately $1,931.60) plus value-added tax with a two-month rent abatement period. In addition, Cenntro Elecautomotiv, S.L. signed a non-cancellable operating lease agreement for approximately 3,471 square feet as a service center in Barcelona, Spain on August 9, 2022, the lease period began on August 1, 2022 and the lease term is ten years. The annual rent is €36,000 (or approximately $39,132) and shall be readjusted depending on the changes of the consumer price index (CPl) determined by the National Bureau of Statistics and its substitute institutions. Legal defense is €6,000 (or approximately $6,486). The lease of local office terminated on April 10, 2024.
 
On April 4, 2023, we signed a non-cancellable operating lease agreement for approximately 2,500 square feet in Freehold, New Jersey. The lease period commenced on July 17, 2023 and ends on July 31, 2025. The annual base rent for the first twelve months of the period is $33,525 and the annual base rent for the second twelve months of the period is $35,201. The lease terminated on June 30, 2024.
 
On February 16, 2022, we signed a non-cancellable operating lease agreement for apartment 53D in the building at 555 Tenth Avenue, New York, NY 10018. The term is one year and one month, beginning on March 5, 2022 and ending on April 4, 2023. The monthly rent is $5,750. On February 1, 2023, we signed a renewal lease agreement. The term of this lease is one year, beginning on April 5, 2023 and ending on April 4, 2024. The lease was not renewed. The monthly rent is $5,950.
 
On March 25, 2022, we completed the acquisition of TME, and change its name to Cenntro Automotive Europe GmbH ("CAE”). TME signed a non-cancellable operating lease agreement for approximately 5,212 square meters in 2019, the lease period starts on July 1, 2019 and ends on June 30, 2024, the monthly rent is €18,891 (or approximately $20,534.52).
 
On December 29, 2022, we signed a non-cancellable operating lease agreement with BAL Freeway Associates, LLC for approximately 64,000 square feet as a facility in Ontario, California. The lease period commenced on April 1, 2023 and ends five years following a one-month rent abatement period. The base rent for the first year is $115,200 per month. The monthly rent for the following four years is $119,808, $124,600.32, $129,584.33 and $134,767.71, respectively.
 
On December 15, 2022, we signed a non-cancellable operating lease agreement for approximately 41,160 square feet as a facility in Howell, New Jersey. The lease period began on February 1, 2023 and ends five years, the first annual base rent is $493,920 and the annual increase is 3%.
 
On August 4, 2022, we signed a non-cancellable operating lease agreement in Mexico as a facility. For the first 12 months, the rentable area is 58,413 square feet. Starting on the month 13 to month 18, the rentable area is 85,554 square feet, and as of month 19 of the Rent Commencement Date and for the remainder of the initial term, the rentable area is 112,694 square feet. The lease period commenced on January, 2023 and ends 8.5 years. The monthly rent is $29,225.38 and the annual increase is the higher of a) the consumer price index, or b) 2.5%.
 
On December 8, 2022, we signed a non-cancellable operating lease agreement for approximately 10,656 square feet as a headquarters and service center in Dominica Republic. The lease period commenced on February 15, 2023 and ends five years. The rent is $9,000 per month and the annual increase is 5%.
 
On July 28, 2022, we signed a non-cancellable operating lease agreement for approximately 12,000 square feet as an EV center in Jacksonville, Florida. The lease period began on September 1, 2022 and ends on August 31, 2029, the first annual base rent is $150,000 and the annual increase is 4%. The lease terminated on September 2024.
 
On August 31, 2023, we completed the acquisition with Antric GmbH in Germany. On July 20, 2022, Antric signed a non-cancellable operating lease agreement for approximately 4,361 square feet in Bochum, Germany, the lease period ends on December 31, 2026. The monthly rent is €3,605.26 (or approximately $3,918.92). On September 1, 2022, the lease area increased to 7,326 square feet and the monthly rent increased to €6,000.32 (or approximately $6,522.35). The additional deposit is €18,000.96 (or approximately $19,567.04). On January 20, 2023, Antric signed another non-cancellable operating lease agreement for approximately 252 square feet in Bochum, Germany, the lease period starts on February 1, 2023 and ends on December 31, 2026. The monthly rent increased to €6,315.38 (or approximately $6,864.82). On March 27, 2023, Antric signed another non-cancellable operating lease agreement for approximately 2,949 square feet in Bochum, Germany, the lease period starts on April 1, 2023 and ends on December 31, 2026. The monthly rent increased to €8,597.80 (or approximately $9,345.81).
 
33
We have not entered into any off-balance sheet financial guarantees or other off-balance sheet commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not entered into any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholders’ equity or that are not reflected in our Unaudited Financial Statements. Furthermore, we do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to such entity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing, hedging or product development services with us.
 
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated and combined financial statements, the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period and the related disclosures in the consolidated and combined financial statements and accompanying footnotes. Out of our significant accounting policies, which are described in “Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of our consolidated and combined financial statements for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, included elsewhere in this Semi-annual Report, certain accounting policies are deemed “critical,” as they require management’s highest degree of judgment, estimates and assumptions. While management believes its judgments, estimates and assumptions are reasonable, they are based on information presently available and actual results may differ significantly from those estimates under different assumptions and conditions.
 
Basis of presentation
 
The accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023, which has been derived from audited financial statements, and the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2024 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
 
Certain information and disclosures, which are normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. Management believes that the disclosures made are adequate to provide a fair presentation. The interim financial information should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. The results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year or any future periods.
 
Use of estimates
 
The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include allowance for credit losses, lower of cost and net realizable value of inventories, impairment losses for long-lived assets and investments, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets and fair value of convertible promissory notes and warrants. Changes in facts and circumstances may result in revised estimates. The current economic environment has increased the degree of uncertainty inherent in those estimates and assumptions.
 
Fair value measurement
 
ASC 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three levels based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market. These tiers include:
 
Level 1—defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;
 
Level 2—defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3—defined as unobservable inputs for which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.
 
34
 
The Company’s financial instruments not reported at fair value primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, prepayments and other current assets, amount due from and due to related parties, accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities.
 
The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities and amount due from and due to related party, current were approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these items. The estimated fair values of loan from third party, and amount due from related party, non-current were not materially different from their carrying value as presented due to the brief maturities and because the interest rates on these borrowings approximate those that would have been available for loans of similar remaining maturities and risk profiles.
 
Available-for-sale investments and currency-cross swap were classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because they were valued using quoted prices in active markets. Our debt security investments are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. As the Issuer is not yet listed and there are no similar companies in the market at the same stage of development for comparison, the Issuer is difficult to value, and the valuation is not considered reliable. Therefore, the Company develop own assumption by future cash flow forecast, which contains principle paid and interests accrued.
 
The fair value option provides an election that allows a company to irrevocably elect to record certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value on an instrument-by-instrument basis at initial recognition. The Company has elected to apply the fair value option to: i) convertible promissory notes payable due to the complexity of the various conversion and settlement options available to notes holders; ii) convertible loan receivable, which was recognized as debt security in long-term investments, and iii) currency-cross swap, which was recognized as derivative financial instruments in short-term investments.
 
The convertible promissory notes payable accounted for under the fair value option election are each a debt host financial instrument containing embedded features that would otherwise be required to be bifurcated from the debt-host and recognized as separate derivative liabilities subject to initial and subsequent periodic estimated fair value measurements in accordance with GAAP. Notwithstanding, when the fair value option election is applied to financial liabilities, bifurcation of an embedded derivative is not required, and the financial liability is initially measured at its issue-date estimated fair value and then subsequently remeasured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis as of each reporting period date.
 
The portion of the change in fair value attributed to a change in the instrument-specific credit risk is recognized as a component of other comprehensive income and the remaining amount of the fair value adjustment is recognized as changes in fair value of convertible promissory notes and derivative liabilities in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. The estimated fair value adjustment is presented in a respective single line item within other expense in the consolidated statement of operations because the change in fair value of the convertible notes was not attributable to instrument-specific credit risk.
 
In connection with the issuances of convertible promissory notes, the Company issued investor warrants and placement agent warrants to purchase common stock of the Company. The Company utilizes a Binomial model to estimate the fair value of the warrants and are considered a Level 3 fair value measurement. The warrants are measured at each reporting period, with changes in fair value recognized in the statement of operations.
 
As a practical expedient, the Company uses Net Asset Value (“NAV”) or its equivalent to measure the fair value of its certain fund investment. The Company’s investments valued at NAV as a practical expedient are: i) private equity funds, which represent the investment in equity securities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet; ii) wealth management products purchased from banks, which represents the available-for-sale investments in short-term investments on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
 
Revenue recognition
 
The Company recognizes revenue when goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration which it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In determining when and how revenue is recognized from contracts with customers, the Company performs the following five-step analysis: (i) identification of a contract with the customer; (ii) determination of performance obligations; (iii) measurement of the transaction price; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (v) recognition of revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies each performance obligation.
 
35
The Company generates revenue primarily through sales of light-duty ECVs, sales of ECV parts, and sales of off-road electric vehicles. Revenue is recognized at a point in time once the Company has determined that the customer has obtained control over the product. Revenue is recognized net of return allowance and any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. Significant judgement is required to estimate return allowances. The Company reasonably estimate the possibility of return based on the historical experience, changes in judgments on these assumptions and estimates could materially impact the amount of net revenues recognized.
 
Shipping and handling costs for product shipments occur prior to the customer obtaining control of the goods are accounted for as fulfilment costs rather than separate performance obligations and recorded as sales and marketing expenses.
 
The following table disaggregates the Company’s revenues by product line for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:
 
   
For the Nine Months ended
September 30,
  
   
2024
    
2023
  
   
(Unaudited)
    
(Unaudited)
  
Vehicles sales
　
$
25,483,836
　
　
$
12,732,639
　
Spare-parts sales
　
　
2,783,954
　
　
　
586,632
　
Other service income
　
　
176,041
　
　
　
151,624
　
Net revenues
　
$
28,443,831
　
　
$
13,470,895
　

The Company’s revenues are derived from Europe, Asia and America. The following table sets forth disaggregation of revenue by customer location.

   
For the Nine Months ended
September 30,
  
   
2024
    
2023
  
   
(Unaudited)
    
(Unaudited)
  
Primary geographical markets
　
　
　
　
Europe
  
$
17,071,721
　
　
$　
451,848
  
Asia
    
7,260,544
      
10,035,492
  
America
　
　
4,080,473
      
2,983,555
　
Others
    
31,093
      
-
  
Total
　
$
28,443,831
　
　
$
13,470,895
　

Contract Balances

Timing of revenue recognition was once the Company has determined that the customer has obtained control over the product. Accounts receivable represent revenue recognized for the amounts invoiced and/or prior to invoicing when the Company has satisfied its performance obligation and has an unconditional right to the payment.
 
Contractual liabilities primarily represent the Company’s obligation to transfer additional goods or services to a customer for which the Company has received consideration. The consideration received remains a contractual liability until goods or services have been provided to the customer. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized $946,071 and $484,477 revenue that was included in contractual liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

36
The following table provides information about receivables and contractual liabilities from contracts with customers:
 
   
September 30,
2024
    
December 31,
2023
  
   
(Unaudited)
    
(Unaudited)
  
Accounts receivable, net
  
$
4,556,857
    
$
6,530,801
  
Contractual liabilities
  
$
4,958,315
    
$
3,394,044
  

Recently issued accounting standards pronouncement
 
Except for the ASUs (“Accounting Standards Updates”) issued but not yet adopted disclosed in “Note 2 (ab) Recently issued accounting standards pronouncements” of the Company 2023 Form 10-K, there is no ASU issued by the FASB that is expected to have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated results of operations or financial position.

ITEM 3.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

As a smaller reporting company as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), the Company is not required to provide the information required by this item.

ITEM 4.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Roles 12a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and acting Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management, with the participation of our CEO and acting CFO, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2024, as required by paragraph (b) of Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15 under the Exchange Act. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures was not effective as of September 30, 2024, due to material weaknesses in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that have been previously identified but continue to exist. See Part II, Item 9A of the 2023 Form 10-K for additional information.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the third quarter of fiscal 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

37
Remediation

As previously described in Part II, Item 9A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31,2023, we began implementing a remediation plan to address the material weakness mentioned above. The weakness will not be considered remediated, until the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The Company may be involved in various legal proceedings, claims and other disputes arising from the commercial operations, projects, employees and other matters which, in general, are subject to uncertainties and in which the outcomes are not predictable. The Company determines whether an estimated loss from a contingency should be accrued by assessing whether a loss is deemed probable and can be reasonably estimated. Although the outcomes of these legal proceedings cannot be predicted, the Company does not believe these actions, in the aggregate, will have a material adverse impact on its financial position, results of operations or liquidity. Please refer to the description as contained in “Item 8 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” on page F-1 of our Annual Report and the information described below.

CAE filed an action in Landgericht Bochum, a county court in Bochum, Germany against Delivrium s.r.o., a Czech Republic company (“Delivrium”) for a claim arising from a purchase contract by and between Delivrium and CAE for a dispute of € 956,760 under which CAE is requesting payment and acceptance of vehicles previously ordered by Delivrium. As of the date of this quarterly report, CAE is waiting for a statement or notification from the court in Louny (Czech Republic). Because CAE could not  deliver the claim to Delivrium in Germany, ,CAE has filed action in the District Court of Louny, Czech Republic.

In June 2022, Sevic Systems SE (“Sevic”) filed for injunctive relief in a corporate court in Brussels, Belgium, where Servic alleged CAE infringed on Sevic’s intellectual property (“IP”) rights. The injunctive action was also directed against LEIE Center SRL (“LEIE”) and Cedar Europe GmbH (“Cedar”), two of CAEs distribution partners. Sevic alleges to  it acquired IP rights to the CITELEC electric vehicle model (“CITELEC”), fully and exclusively from a French company SH2M Sarl(“SH2M”). Sevic alleges these IP rights were acquired through an IP transfer agreement in 2019. According to Sevic, the METRO model (“METRO”) produced by Cenntro Electro Group Ltd. (“Cenntro”) and distributed by CAE, derives directly from the CITELEC. Thus, Sevic allegedly believes the distribution of the METRO, infringes on Sevic’s IP rights. In Sevic’s action, Sevic relies on (Belgian) copyright law and unfair business practices. On February 2, 2023, the president of the commercial court of Brussels (the “President”) rendered a judgment, declaring i) the claim against Cedar was inadmissible and ii) the claim against CAE and LEIE was founded. According to the President’s opinion, it was determined that the CITELEC-model can enjoy copyright protection, and it was proven that Sevic acquired the copyrights of the CITELEC-model. The President then concluded that the distribution of the METRO-model in Belgium constituted a violation of article XI. 165 §1 of the Belgian Code of Economic Law and thereby ordered the cessation of the distribution of the METRO-model, a penalty in the form of a fine of EUR20,000.00 per sold vehicle in Belgium and EUR5,000.00 for each other infringement in Belgium after the judgement was served with a maximum fine of EUR500,000.00 for LEIE and EUR1,000,000.00 fine for CAE. Because CAE has not sold any METRO-models in Belgium, the Company believes the judgement is incorrect but has accrued the related liability according to the judgement made. On April 17,2023 CAE filed a writ of appeal. The introductory hearing was scheduled for May 22, 2023, and the judge overseeing the hearing did not give any legal assessment at the hearing. All parties have been granted deadlines for written pleadings. The final writ was received on September 2, 2024. As of the date of this quarterly report, we expect the oral hearing will take place in 2025, however it is not possible to determine the outcome of these proceedings related to Sevic.

38
On July 22, 2022, Xiongjian Chen filed a complaint against Cenntro Electric Group Limited (“CEGL”), Cenntro Automotive Group Limited (“CAG”), Cenntro Enterprise Limited (“CEL”) and Peter Z. Wang (“Wang,” together with CENN, CAG and CEL, the “Defendants”) in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey. The complaint alleges eleven causes of action sounding in contract and tort against the Defendants, all pertaining to stock options issued to Mr. Chen pursuant to his employment as Chief Operating Officer of CAG. With respect to the four contract claims, Plaintiff alleges breach of contract claims pertaining to an employment agreement between Plaintiff and CAG and a purported letter agreement between Plaintiff and CEL. With respect to the seven tort claims, Plaintiff alleges claims regarding purported misrepresentations and promises made concerning the treatment of Plaintiff’s stock options upon a corporate transaction, including claims for tortious interference, fraud, promissory estoppel, negligent misrepresentation, unjust enrichment and conversion. The complaint seeks, among other things, money damages (including compensatory and consequential damages) in the amount of $19 million, plus interest, attorneys’ fees and expenses. Defendants moved to dismiss the complaint against all Defendants for failure to state a claim and for lack of personal jurisdiction over defendants CAG and CEL. On April 30, 2023, the District Court dismissed the claims against CAG and CEL for lack of personal jurisdiction. In addition, the District Court dismissed all the claims against Wang and CEGL without prejudice and permitted the Plaintiff to amend his complaint within 30 days to address the deficiencies in his claims against Wang and CEGL. On May 28, 2023, Plaintiff filed an amended complaint. On July 20, 2023 the Defendants filed a motion seeking the dismissal of that amended complaint. On September 22, 2023, the Plaintiff filed to oppose our Motion to Dismiss and Motion to Strike. The Defendants filed reply briefs by the deadline on November 9, 2023. On January 25, 2024, the Magistrate Judge entered an Order granting Plaintiff’s Motion to Amend and denying our Motion to Strike as moot.

On February 6, 2023, Hangzhou Ronda Tech Co., Limited (“Ronda”), one of Cenntro’s wholly owned subsidiaries, commenced a lawsuit against Fujian Newlongma Automotive Co., Ltd. (“Newlongma”), one of Ronda’s suppliers, in the Hangzhou Yuhang District People’s Court (the “People’s Court”). Pursuant to that lawsuit, Ronda plead for (i) the termination of the vehicle purchase orders that Ronda placed with Newlongma on February 26, 2022; (ii) recovery of advance payments for total amount of approximately $438,702; and (iii) compensation for damages caused equal to approximately $453,290. The mediation date was March 3, 2023 and was subsequently docketed on July 3, 2023. Afterwards Newlongma filed a jurisdictional objection, which the People’s Court dismissed. Subsequently Newlongma filed a counterclaim, and the People’s Court hosted an exchange of evidence between the parties on October 17, 2023, and discovery was also organized on November 14, 2023, and January16, 2024. On March 5, 2024, the first instance judgment was made, ruling: 1) Newlongma to fully return advance payments plus 100% damage totaling $869,702; 2) Ronda was to pay for outstanding invoices totaling $583,813; and 3) to terminate all agreements between the parties, including the vehicle purchase orders which have not been fulfilled. Newlongma was dissatisfied with this third judgment and filed an appeal on March 21, 2024. The appeal was dismissed, and the original judgment was upheld by the People’s Court on July 2, 2024.

On December 18, 2023, our subsidiary Zhejiang Sinomachinery Co., Ltd. (“Zhejiang”) filed a lawsuit against Tonghe County Tianxin Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd. (“Tianxin”), requesting payment for total of CNY461,800 (approximately US$65,104) plus interest under a disputed contract of sale. On April 17, 2024, the court issued a judgement supporting Zhejiang’s primary claims, ordering Tianxin to pay Zhejiang CNY461,800 (approximately US$65,104) plus interest and relevant legal expenses within 10 days. On July 3, 2024, the Court accepted Zhejiangs application for compulsory execution.

On January 2, 2024, MHP Americas, Inc. (“MHP”), sent a letter to Cenntro Electric Group Limited (“CEGL”) demanding payment allegedly owed by CEGL to MHP in the amount of: (i) $ 1,767,516.91 for unpaid invoices, (ii) $ 3,289,500 for total contract invoices and milestone payments for alleged breaches in connection with a  master consulting services agreement dated August 8, 2022 and/or Statement of Work dated March 9, 2023 by and between the parties. On January 12, 2024, CEGL responded to the letter denying any breach and disputing the amounts claimed.

On April 10, 2024, Cenntro Electric Group Limited (“CEGL”) filed a lawsuit against MHP Americas, Inc. (“MHP”) for breach under a master consulting services agreement and SAP Business Suite forHANA statement of work (“SAP S/4HANA”), by failure to properly implement the SAP S/4HANA globally, as set forth in the related contracts, and for breach of implied covenants of good faith and fair dealing, causing CEGL to suffer significant damages; and demanded a jury trial on all issues  triable. Under this claim, CEGL is seeking a remittance of $512,226 paid to date and a recission of the remaining contractual obligations with MHP. On April 30, 2024, MHP filed a notice of removal of this action from the Superior Court of New Jersey to the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey. At the time of this quarterly report, the case is ongoing and remains active with parties performing required interrogatories and discovery.

39
ITEM 1A.
RISK FACTORS

You should carefully consider the risks discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in the 2023 Form 10-K, which could materially affect our business, financial condition, or future results. The risks described in the 2023 Form 10-K are not the only risks facing the company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we do not currently deem material, may also materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, cash flows, and financial position.

ITEM 2.
UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

There have been no sales of unregistered equity securities that we have not previously disclosed in filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

ITEM 3.
DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4.
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5.
OTHER INFORMATION

Trading Arrangements of Section 16 Reporting Persons.

During the quarter ended September 30, 2024, no person who is required to file reports pursuant to Section 16(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, with respect to holdings of, and transactions in, the Company’s common shares (i.e. directors and certain officers of the Company) maintained, adopted, modified or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1(c) arrangement”, as those terms are defined in Section 229.408 of the regulations of the SEC.

ITEM 6.
Exhibits

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit
No.
  
Description of Exhibit
 
Certification of Principal Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a).
 
Certification of Principal Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a).
 
Certification required by Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code.
101.INS*
  
Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH*
  
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*
  
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*
  
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*
  
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*
  
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104*
  
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibits 101)

*
Filed herewith.
**
Furnished herewith.

40
SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

   
Dated: November 12, 2024
  
   
 
CENNTRO INC.
     

By:
/s/ Peter Z. Wang


Peter Z. Wang


Chief Executive Officer


(Principal Executive Officer)
     

By:
/s/ Edward Ye


Edward Ye


Acting Chief Financial Officer


(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)


EX-31.1 2 ef20034547_ex31-1.htm EXHIBIT 31.1
Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO RULE 13A-14(A) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Peter Z. Wang, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Cenntro Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The company’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under my supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The company’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Dated November 12, 2024
    
     
 
By:
/s/ Peter Z. Wang
   
Peter Z. Wang
   
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
   
(Principal Executive Officer)


EX-31.2 3 ef20034547_ex31-2.htm EXHIBIT 31.2
Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO RULE 13A-14(A) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Edward Ye, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Cenntro Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The company’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under my supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The company’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Dated: November 12, 2024
    
     
 
By:
/s/ Edward Ye
   
Edward Ye
   
Acting Chief Financial Officer
   
(Principal Accounting Officer and Principal Financial Officer)


EX-32.1 4 ef20034547_ex32-1.htm EXHIBIT 32.1
Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the quarterly report of Cenntro Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), each of the undersigned, in the capacities and on the dates indicated below, hereby certifies pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operation of the Company.

 Dated: November 12, 2024
    
     
 
By:
/s/ Peter Z. Wang
   
Peter Z. Wang
   
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
    (Principal Executive Officer)
     
 
By:
/s/ Edward Ye
   
Edward Ye
   
Acting Chief Financial Officer
    (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)