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☑    ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

☐    TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

Yes ☐ No ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer,” "smaller reporting company"  and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☑ Accelerated filer  ☐   Non-accelerated filer ☐   Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☑

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). ☐ Yes ☑ No

The aggregate market value of the registrant’s voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant on June 30, 2024 (the last business day of the most recently completed second fiscal quarter) was approximately $3.0 billion.

As of February 7, 2025, the registrant had outstanding 27,080,483 shares of common stock.

Item 1.Business

Visteon Corporation (the "Company" or "Visteon") is a global automotive technology company serving the mobility industry, dedicated to creating more enjoyable, connected, and safe driving experiences. The Company's platforms leverage proven, scalable hardware and software solutions that enable the digital, electric, and autonomous evolution of the Company's global automotive customers, including BMW, Ford, Geely, General Motors, Honda, Jaguar/Land Rover, Mahindra, Mazda, Mercedes-Benz, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Renault, Stellantis, Tata, Toyota, and Volkswagen. Visteon products align with key industry trends and include digital instrument clusters, cockpit domain controllers, advanced displays, Android-based infotainment systems, and battery management systems. Visteon is headquartered in Van Buren Township, Michigan, and has an international network of manufacturing operations, technical centers, and joint venture operations dedicated to the design, development, manufacture, and support of its product offerings and its global customers. The Company's manufacturing and engineering footprint is primarily located in Brazil, Bulgaria, China, India, Japan, Mexico, Portugal, Slovakia, Thailand, and Tunisia.

The Company operates in the automotive industry which is cyclical and highly sensitive to general economic conditions. The Company believes that future success in the automotive industry is, in part, dependent on alignment with customers to support their efforts to effectively meet the challenges associated with the following significant trends and developments in the global automotive industry:

•Electronic content and connectivity - Digital and portable technologies have dramatically influenced the lifestyle of today’s consumers, who expect products that enable such a lifestyle. The vehicle cockpit is transforming into a fully digital and connected environment with multi-display systems incorporating larger, curved, and more complex displays and the consolidation of discrete electronic control units into a multi-core domain controller. Consumer demand for improved vehicle performance and functionality is driving increased electronic content of vehicles.

•Electric and hybrid vehicles - The trend towards electrification continues, driven primarily by government incentives and regulatory requirements. Battery electric vehicles can have increased digital content with all-digital cockpit electronics and require a battery management system and high-voltage power electronics. Other powertrains, such as hybrid, plug-in hybrids, and range extenders, have also increased in popularity and can require some of the same products as full electric vehicles.

•Government Regulations - Governments continue to focus regulatory efforts on safer and cleaner transportation. These requirements have increased demand for electronic components that can reduce weight, expedite assembly, enhance fuel economy, improve emissions, increase safety, and enhance vehicle performance. Accordingly, Original Equipment Manufacturers ("OEMs") are working to improve occupant and pedestrian safety by incorporating more safety-oriented technology in their vehicles. Additionally, in-vehicle connectivity has increased the need for robust cybersecurity systems to protect data, applications, and associated infrastructure. Security features are evolving with advances in sensors and suppliers must enable the security/safety initiatives of their customers including the development of such new advances.

•Advanced driver assistance systems and autonomous driving - The industry continues to advance toward semi-autonomous and autonomous vehicles. The Society of Automotive Engineers has defined five levels of autonomy ranging from levels one and two with driver-assist functions whereby the driver is responsible for monitoring the environment, to level five with full autonomy under all conditions. Levels one and two are already popular in the market. Levels three and above utilize a combination of sensors, radars, cameras and LiDARs, requiring sensor fusion and machine learning technologies, as the system assumes the role of monitoring the environment. Level three includes features such as highway pilot and parking assist technology, for which an increased market penetration rate is expected over the medium term.

•Vehicle standardization - OEMs continue to standardize vehicle platforms on a global basis, resulting in a lower number of individual vehicle platforms, design cost savings, and further scale of economies through the production of a greater number of models from each platform. Having operations in the geographic markets where OEMs produce global platforms enables suppliers to meet OEMs’ needs more economically and efficiently, thus making global coverage a source of significant competitive advantage for suppliers with a global footprint. Additionally, OEMs are looking to suppliers for increased collaboration to lower costs, reduce risks, and decrease overall time to market. Suppliers that can provide fully engineered systems and pre-assembled combinations of component parts are positioned to leverage the trend toward system sourcing. As vehicles become more connected and cockpits more digitized, suppliers that can deliver modular hardware

architectures, “open” software architectures, and a software platform approach will be poised to help OEMs achieve greater reuse of validated hardware circuitry, design scalability, and faster development cycles.

The Company reports operating and financial results in a single segment based on the consolidated information used by management in evaluating the financial performance of our business and allocating resources. This single segment reflects the Company’s core business: Electronics. The Electronics segment provides vehicle cockpit electronics products to customers, including digital instrument clusters, cockpit domain controllers, advanced displays, Android-based infotainment systems, and battery management systems. As the Company has one reportable segment, net sales, total assets, depreciation, amortization and capital expenditures are equal to consolidated results.

The Company designs and manufactures innovative automotive electronics and connected car solutions further described below:

The Company offers a full line of instrument clusters, from standard analog gauge clusters to high-resolution, all-digital, fully reconfigurable, 2-D and 3-D display-based devices. The Company uses a platform approach to accelerate development and manage multiple vehicle variants. These clusters can use a wide range of display technologies, graphic capabilities, decorative elements, and free-form and curved displays. Premium clusters support complex graphics and feature embedded functionality such as driver monitoring, camera inputs, and ambient lighting.

The Company offers a range of information displays for various applications within the cockpit, incorporating a sleek profile, high perception quality displays and touch sensors designed to deliver high performance for the automotive market. These displays can integrate a range of user interface technologies and graphics management capabilities, such as active privacy, TrueColorTM enhancement, local dimming, cameras, optics, haptic feedback, and light effects. The Company offers a new generation of large, curved, complex multi-display modules with optical performance designed to be competitive with mobile devices. The Company's microZone™ display technology offers high contrast and brightness and a wide color gamut that enables automotive displays to cost-effectively achieve life-like imaging capability on par with consumer mobile devices, without sacrificing reliability or life span. The Company also developed the first bendable glass multi-display cockpit in the automotive industry.

The Company offers a range of infotainment and connected car solutions, including scalable Android infotainment for seamless connectivity including integration with Android Auto and Apple CarPlay technology for wireless smartphone projection. The company offers a display audio and embedded infotainment platform that is based on Android automotive operating system, enabling third-party developers to create apps easily through a software development kit and software simulation of the target hardware system. Additionally, Visteon offers an onboard artificial intelligence (“AI”)-based voice assistant with natural language understanding.

The Company offers SmartCore™, an automotive-grade, integrated domain controller approach, which can independently operate the infotainment system, instrument cluster, head-up display, rear-seat displays, and other features on a single, multi-core chip to improve efficiency, create a unified experience across products, and reduce power consumption and cost. The SmartCore domain controller includes: SmartCore Runtime, middleware enabling communication between domains and apps to be shown on any display; and SmartCore Studio, a PC-based configuration tool to generate hypervisor configurations. The SmartCore domain controller seamlessly connects the human machine interaction ("HMI") across an increasing number of display domains, such as surround view and in-cabin sensing of driver drowsiness, attentiveness, and facial recognition. The latest generation of SmartCore utilizes high performance computing technology and integrates processing of multiple camera inputs to deliver a set of advance driver assistance features. The latest generation of SmartCore is offered with a suite of connected services including an over the air ("OTA") update solution and an automotive App Store.

The Company offers configurable battery management systems that support both wired and wireless battery sensing and control. Visteon’s wireless BMS reliably and securely replaces wired communication between battery modules to improve the lifetime enterprise cost, battery weight, and packaging efficiency, and facilitates second-life battery repurposing. By providing a platform approach that can support multiple charging protocols and flexible battery pack architectures, Visteon provides a robust design-to-production strategy that enables advanced features that are fast-to-market.

The Company offers integrated and scalable power electronics units that support conversion of grid-to-battery pack electric current. Visteon’s integrated power electronics solutions combine a bi-directional on-board charging module with a DC-to-DC converter to ensure a systems approach that maximizes power conversion efficiency. Visteon’s solution is scalable to support between 400-volt to 800-volt systems with higher rate battery charging speeds. Visteon’s design provides a solution that allows for fast-charging and high-efficiency in a packaging that reduces weight and space to improve overall system cost.

The Company's ultimate customers are global vehicle manufacturers including BMW, Ford, Geely, General Motors, Honda, Jaguar/Land Rover, Mahindra, Mazda, Mercedes-Benz, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Renault, Stellantis, Tata, Toyota, and Volkswagen.

The following is a summary of customers representing greater than 10 percent of the Company's annual net sales:

The Company typically supplies products to OEM customers through purchase orders, which are usually governed by general terms and conditions established by each OEM. Although the terms and conditions vary from customer to customer, they typically contemplate a relationship under which customers place orders for their requirements of specific components supplied for particular vehicles but are not required to purchase any minimum quantities. Individual purchase orders can be cancelled for cause, non-performance, and, in most cases, insolvency or certain change in control events. Additionally, many of Visteon's OEM customers have the option to terminate contracts for convenience; this option permits the OEM customers to impose pressure on pricing during the life of the vehicle program or issue purchase orders for less than the duration of the vehicle program. This has the potential to reduce the Company’s profit margin and increases the risk of loss of future sales under those purchase contracts.

The Company manufactures and ships based on customer release schedules, normally provided on a weekly basis, which can vary based on OEM automotive production or dealer inventory levels. Although customer programs typically extend to future periods and although there is an expectation that the Company will supply certain levels of OEM production in those future periods, customer agreements (including the applicable terms and conditions) do not necessarily constitute firm orders.

The price related to these products is typically initially negotiated on an annual basis over the vehicle platform's life cycle. To the extent there are subsequent contractual price reductions, these reductions are intended to reflect the Company's ability to reduce cost through such factors as manufacturing productivity enhancements, material cost reductions, and design-related cost improvements. Certain products may be excluded from such reductions or experience price increases due to shortages of material or other increases in supply chain or other related costs. The Company has an aggressive cost control program that focuses on reducing its total costs intended to offset customer price reductions or negotiating recoveries for increases. However, there can be no assurance that the Company’s cost reduction or recovery efforts will be sufficient to fully offset such price changes.

The terms and conditions generally require a warranty on products sold. In most cases, the warranty period is the same as the warranty offered by the OEM to the ultimate customer. The Company may also be required to share in all or part of recall costs if the OEM recalls vehicles for defects attributable to Visteon products.

The automotive sector remains highly competitive resulting from the ongoing industry consolidation. OEMs rigorously evaluate suppliers on the basis of financial viability, product quality, price competitiveness, technical expertise, development capability, new product innovation, reliability and timeliness of delivery, product design, manufacturing capability, flexibility, customer service, and overall management. The Company's primary independent competitors include, but are not limited to, Alpine Electronics, Aptiv PLC, Continental AG, Denso Corporation, Forvia, Harman International Industries, Incorporated (a subsidiary of Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd.), Hitachi Ltd., Hyundai Mobis, Innolux Corporation, LG Electronics, Marelli Holdings Co., Ltd., Nippon Seiki, Panasonic Corporation, Preh GmbH, Robert Bosch GmbH, and Vitesco Technologies.

The Company’s business is moderately seasonal because its largest North American customers typically cease production for approximately two weeks in July for model year changeovers and approximately one week in December during the winter holidays. Customers in Europe historically shut down vehicle production during a portion of August and one week in December. In China, customers typically shut down approximately one week in early October and one week in January or February. Additionally, third-quarter automotive production is traditionally lower as new vehicle models enter production.

The Company’s ability to sustain and grow its business requires the recruitment, retention, and development of a highly skilled and diverse workforce. The Company’s Chief People Officer, reporting directly to Chief Executive Officer ("CEO"), oversees its global talent processes to attract, develop, and retain its employees. To attract the best talent, the Company offers market competitive compensation and benefits around the globe, annual and long-term incentive programs, and health and wellness benefits. The Company also provides a variety of resources to help its employees grow in their current roles and build new skills. Hundreds of online courses are available in the Company’s learning management system and individual development plans are encouraged for all of our employees. The Company continues to build tools to be used by leaders to develop employees in their current role and create new opportunities within the organization to learn and grow. Because retention of the employee base is significant to its business strategy, executive management discusses it with the board of directors (the "Board of Directors" or "Board") on a regular basis.

Visteon’s strength comes from a workforce of approximately 10,000 employees operating in approximately 18 countries globally. The Company's workforce is globally distributed with 27% of employees located in the Americas, 30% in Europe, 13% in China, and 30% in the remaining Asia Pacific region. Visteon believes that all employees are leaders and expects leaders to drive operational and financial results and build strong teams.

Many of the Company’s employees are members of industrial trade unions and confederations within their respective countries. Often these organizations operate under collectively bargained contracts that are not specific to any one employer. The Company constantly works to establish and maintain positive, cooperative relations with its unions and work representatives around the world.

A strong culture requires an environment where the contributions of all employees are encouraged and valued. As a global organization, the Company embraces human differences and harnesses the power of its employees’ varied backgrounds, cultures, and experiences because it is the right thing to do for its people and it creates a competitive business advantage. As of December 31, 2024, the percentage of Visteon's global workforce represented by females was approximately 38%.

The Company encourages many forms of communication such as global town hall employee meetings, informal small-group employee discussions, and an open-door policy so all employees have direct access to senior leadership and have the opportunity to ask questions, make suggestions, and provide input. As stated in one of the Company's four core beliefs and values, “We treat each other with respect and embrace our differences.”

The Company requires protective equipment, enforces comprehensive safety policies and procedures, and encourages its employees and leaders to continually look for ways to improve workplace safety. It has implemented and maintains a health and safety management system that is certified to the OHSAS 18001 or ISO 45001 standard.

Visteon operates in a constantly evolving global regulatory environment and is subject to numerous and varying regulatory requirements for its product performance and material content. Visteon strives to identify potential regulatory and quality risks early in the design and development process and proactively manage them throughout the product lifecycle through the use of routine assessments, protocols, standards, performance measures, and audits. New regulations and changes to existing regulations are managed in collaboration with the OEM customers and implemented through Visteon’s global systems and procedures designed to ensure compliance with existing laws and regulations.

Visteon works collaboratively with a number of stakeholder groups including government agencies, customers, and suppliers to proactively engage in federal, state, and international public policy processes.

Visteon is involved in various lawsuits, claims and proceedings related to the operation of its businesses, including those pertaining to product liability, environmental, safety and health, intellectual property, employment, commercial and contractual matters, tax, and various other matters. Although the outcome of such lawsuits, claims and proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty and some may be disposed of unfavorably to Visteon, it is management's opinion that none of these will have a material adverse effect on Visteon's financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. Costs related to such matters were not material to the periods presented. Further details are provided in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K in Note 19, "Commitments and Contingencies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements.

The Company and its Board of Directors believe positive and responsible business practices strengthen the Company, increase its connection with the stockholders, and help it to better serve its customers and the communities in which it operates. The Company’s commitment to social responsibility extends to a variety of areas including the environment, anti-corruption and trade compliance, responsible sourcing, human rights, labor practices, and worker health and safety. In light of the continued importance of these matters, the Board of Directors and management have developed a multi-year roadmap to enhance the Company’s sustainability and social responsibility programs and disclosures, including assessment of the potential risks associated with climate change. This roadmap includes near-term environmental targets for 2025 aimed at reducing energy consumption, solid waste, water and the reduction of scope 1 and scope 2 CO2 emissions through the use of renewable energy. The Company’s longer term greenhouse gas ("GHG") emission reduction target for 2030 which includes scope 3 CO2 emissions, has been validated by the Science Based Targets initiative ("SBTi") and the Company is working to be carbon neutral by 2040. Management provides regular reports and presentations to the Corporate Sustainability and Governance Committee regarding progress toward achieving these targets. The full Board of Directors has oversight of the Company’s environmental and social initiatives as part of its regular strategic reviews of the Company’s operations, products and technologies.

The Company’s research and development efforts are intended to maintain leadership positions in core products and provide the Company with a competitive edge as it seeks additional business with new and existing customers. The Company also works with technology development partners, including customers, to develop technological capabilities and new products and applications.

The Company owns significant intellectual property, including a number of patents, copyrights, proprietary tools and technologies, trade secrets, and numerous licensing arrangements. Although the Company’s intellectual property plays an important role in maintaining its competitive position, no single patent, copyright, proprietary tool or technology, trade secret or license, or group of related patents, copyrights, proprietary tools or technologies, trade secrets or licenses is of such value to the Company that its business would be materially affected by the expiration or termination thereof.

The Company’s general policy is to apply for patents on an ongoing basis, in appropriate countries, on its patentable developments that are considered to have commercial significance. The Company also views its name and mark as significant to its business as a whole. In addition, the Company holds rights in a number of other trade names and marks applicable to certain of its businesses and products that it views as important to such businesses and products.

Financial information about sales and net property by major geographic region can be found in Note 20, "Segment Information and Revenue Recognition" to the Company's consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Raw materials used by the Company in the manufacture of its products include electronics components, resins, and precious metals. While generally the supply of the materials used are available from numerous sources, semiconductor suppliers and silicon wafer production is concentrated. In general, the Company does not carry inventories of raw materials in excess of those reasonably required to meet production, shipping schedules, and customer safety stock requirements. The Company monitors its supply base and endeavors to work with suppliers and customers to mitigate the impact of potential material shortages and supply disruptions.

The automotive supply industry is subject to inflationary pressures with respect to raw materials, labor, and associated freight costs, which can place operational and financial burdens on the entire supply chain. Accordingly, the Company continues to take actions with its customers and suppliers to mitigate the impact of these inflationary pressures in the future. Actions to mitigate inflationary pressures with customers include collaboration on alternative product designs and material specifications, contractual price escalation clauses, and negotiated customer recoveries. Actions to mitigate inflationary pressures with suppliers include aggregation of purchase requirements to achieve optimal volume benefits, negotiation of cost reductions, and identification of more cost competitive suppliers. While these actions are designed to offset the impact of inflationary pressures, the Company cannot provide assurance that it will be successful in fully offsetting increased costs resulting from inflationary pressures.

The Company’s current and periodic reports filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including amendments to those reports, may be obtained through its internet website at www.visteon.com free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company files these reports with the SEC. A copy of the Company’s code of business conduct and ethics for directors, officers and employees of Visteon and its subsidiaries, entitled “Ethics and Integrity Policy,” the Corporate Governance Guidelines adopted by the Company’s Board of Directors and the charters of each committee of the Board of Directors are also available on the Company’s website. A printed copy of the Company’s Ethics and Integrity Policy may be requested by contacting the Company’s Investor Relations department in writing at One Village Center Drive, Van Buren Township, MI 48111; by phone (734) 710-7893; or via email at investor@visteon.com. The Company’s website and the information contained therein or connected thereto are not intended to be incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Set forth below are some of the most significant risks and uncertainties facing the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties, including those not presently known or that the Company believes to be immaterial, also may adversely affect the Company. Should any such risks and uncertainties develop into actual events, these developments could have material adverse effects on the Company’s business, operating results, financial condition, cash flow and/or the value of the Company’s securities. This information should be considered in connection with the description of the Company’s business, Management’s Discussion & Analysis, and the Company’s financial statements and accompanying notes.

In an effort to manage and reduce the costs of purchased goods and services, the Company, like many automotive suppliers and automakers, has been consolidating its supply base. As a result, the Company is dependent on single or limited sources of supply for certain components used in the manufacture of its products including semiconductor chips, which are integral components of new vehicles and are embedded in multiple vehicle systems, including cockpit electronics. As a result of the semiconductor shortages in recent years, the Company continues to work closely with its suppliers and customers to minimize any potential adverse impacts of the semiconductor supply shortage and monitor the availability of semiconductor microchips and other component parts and raw materials, customer vehicle production schedules, and any other supply chain inefficiencies that may arise, due to this or any other issue. If shortages of semiconductors or other critical components from other suppliers develop, continue longer than anticipated, or worsen, it could impact the Company's ability to meet its production schedules for some of its key products or to ship such products to its customers in a timely fashion. Furthermore, unfavorable economic or industry conditions could result in financial distress within the Company's supply base, thereby increasing the risk of supply disruption.

Such disruptions could be caused by any one of a myriad of potential problems, such as closures of one of the Company’s or its suppliers’ plants or critical manufacturing lines due to strikes, manufacturing quality issues, mechanical breakdowns, electrical outages, fires, explosions, or political upheaval, as well as logistical complications due to weather, global climate change, volcanic eruptions, or other natural or nuclear disasters, mechanical failures, delayed customs processing, the spread of an infectious disease, virus or other widespread illness and more. Additionally, as the Company grows in best cost countries, the risk for such disruptions is heightened. Similarly, a potential quality issue could force the Company to halt deliveries while it validates the products. Even where products are ready to be shipped, or have been shipped, delays may arise before they reach the customer. The Company’s customers may halt or delay production if one of their other suppliers fails to deliver necessary components. This may cause the Company’s customers to suspend their orders or instruct us to suspend delivery of the Company's products, which may adversely affect the Company's financial performance.

If the Company were to fail to make timely deliveries in accordance with contractual obligations, the Company generally must absorb its own costs for identifying and solving the “root cause” problem as well as expeditiously producing replacement components or products. Generally, the Company must also absorb the costs associated with “catching up,” such as overtime and premium freight. Additionally, if the Company is the cause for a customer being forced to halt production the customer may seek to recoup all of its losses and expenses from the Company. Certain customers have communicated that they expect such reimbursement and are reserving their rights to claim damages arising from supply shortages. Should the Company be unsuccessful in its defense of such claims and any potential claims these losses and expenses could be significant, and may include consequential losses such as lost profits. Any supply-chain disruption, however small, could cause the complete shutdown of an assembly line of one of the Company’s customers, and any such shutdown could lead to material claims for compensation.

The Company has experienced and may in the future experience supplier price increases that could negatively affect its operations and profitability. The price increases are often driven by raw material pricing and availability, component or part availability, manufacturing capacity, industry allocations, logistics capacity, natural disasters or pandemics, the effects of climate change, inflation, sudden increases in border tariffs, and significant changes in the financial or business condition of its suppliers

The Company has manufacturing and distribution facilities in many foreign locations. International operations are subject to certain risks inherent in doing business abroad, including, but not limited to:

•changes to international trade agreements;

•local economic conditions, expropriation and nationalization, foreign exchange rate fluctuations, and currency controls;

•withholding, border, and other taxes on remittances and other payments by subsidiaries;

•investment restrictions or requirements;

•export and import restrictions, including increases in border tariffs;

•the ability to effectively enforce intellectual property rights;

•new or additional governmental sanctions on doing business with or in certain countries or with certain persons; and

•increases in working capital requirements related to long supply chains.

Additionally, the Company’s global operations may also be adversely affected by political events, domestic or international terrorist events, and hostilities or complications due to natural or other disasters. These or any further political or governmental developments or health concerns in Mexico, China, or other countries in which the Company operates or where its suppliers are located could result in social, economic, and labor instability.

These uncertainties could have a material adverse effect on the continuity of the Company’s business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Existing free trade laws and regulations, such as the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement, provide certain beneficial duties and tariffs for qualifying imports and exports, subject to compliance with the applicable classification and other requirements. Changes in laws or policies governing the terms of trade, and in particular increased trade restrictions, tariffs or taxes on imports from countries where the Company manufactures products, such as Mexico and China, could have a material adverse effect on its business and financial results. For example, in February 2025, the U.S. government imposed or threatened to impose new tariffs on imported products from Mexico, Canada and China and reciprocal tariffs globally. The impact of these tariffs is subject to a number of factors, including the effective date and duration of such tariffs, changes in the amount, scope and nature of the tariffs in the future, any retaliatory responses to such actions that the target countries may take and any mitigating actions that may become available. Despite recent trade negotiations between the U.S. and the Mexican, Canadian and Chinese governments, given the uncertainty regarding the scope and duration of any new tariffs, as well as the potential for additional tariffs or trade barriers by the U.S., Mexico, Canada, China or other countries, the Company can provide no assurance that any strategies it implements to mitigate the impact of such tariffs or other trade actions will be successful. Management continues to monitor the volatile geopolitical environment to identify, quantify and assess proposed or threatened duties, taxes or other business restrictions which could adversely affect our business and financial results.

In addition, U.S. trade legislation continues to evolve related to barriers on the use of various products and technology from around the world including but not limited to the (i) Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act and (ii) Securing the Information and Communications Technology and Services Supply Chain: Connected Vehicles). The Company can provide no assurance that any strategies we implement to mitigate the impact of any trade actions will be successful.

The Company has invested significantly and is expected to continue to invest in joint ventures with other parties to conduct business in China and elsewhere in Asia. These investments may include manufacturing operations, technical centers, and research and development activities, to support anticipated growth in the region. If the Company is not able to strengthen existing relationships, secure additional customers, and develop market-relevant electrification, advanced driver assistance, and semi-autonomous and autonomous vehicle technologies, it may fail to realize expected rates of return on these investments.

In addition, failure of the Company’s joint venture partners to comply with contractual commitments or to exert influence or pressure in China may impact the Company’s operations, financial condition and cash flow. The Company cannot predict the outcome of future interactions and it is possible that any future disputes and/or changes to the contractual obligations with the joint venture partner could have a material impact on the Company’s business, operating results, financial condition, and cash flow.

The Company’s ability to operate its business and implement its strategies effectively depends, in part, on the efforts of its executive officers and other key employees. In addition, the Company’s future success will depend on, among other factors, the ability to attract and retain qualified personnel, particularly engineers and other employees with critical expertise and skills that support key customers and products or in emerging regions. The loss of the services of any key employees, and particularly the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, or the failure to attract or retain other qualified personnel could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, ability to secure future programs, operating results, financial condition, and cash flow.

Because the automotive industry relies heavily on just-in-time delivery of components during the assembly and manufacture of vehicles, a work stoppage at one or more of the Company’s manufacturing and assembly facilities could have material adverse effects on the business. Similarly, if one or more of the Company’s customers were to experience a work stoppage, that customer would likely halt or limit purchases of the Company’s products, which could result in the shutdown of the related manufacturing facilities. A significant disruption in the supply of a key component due to a work stoppage at any of the Company’s suppliers or sub-suppliers, or reduced orders from the Company’s customers as a result of work stoppages, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, operating results, financial condition, and cash flow.

The Company estimates awarded business using certain assumptions, including projected future sales volumes based on data from OEM customers and industry benchmarks. The OEM customers do not generally guarantee production volumes. In addition, awarded business may include business under arrangements that OEM customers have the right to terminate, at any time, without penalty. Therefore, the Company’s actual sales volumes, and thus the ultimate amount of revenue that it derives from such sales, are not guaranteed. If actual production orders from its customers are not consistent with the projections used by the Company in calculating the amount of its awarded business, the Company could realize substantially less revenue over the life of these projects than the projected estimate.

The growth of the Company's business will be dependent on the demand for innovative automotive electronics products, including but not limited to electrification, advanced driver assistance, semi-autonomous and autonomous vehicle technologies. In order to increase sales in current markets and gain entry into new markets, the Company must innovate to maintain and improve existing products, including software, while successfully developing and introducing distinctive new and enhanced products that anticipate changing customer and consumer preferences and capitalize upon emerging software technologies. Artificial Intelligence (“A.I”) will continue to play an increasing role in the Company’s products generating opportunities but also risk that the Company’s products may be developed more cheaply with A.I. solutions or that competitor’s A.I. offerings may be preferred over the Company’s product offerings. In addition, the Company may experience difficulties that delay or prevent the development, introduction, or market acceptance of its new or enhanced products. Furthermore, the new technologies, including A.I., have also attracted increased competition from outside the traditional automotive industry, and any of these competitors may develop and introduce technologies that gain greater customer or consumer acceptance, which could have a material adverse effect on the future growth of the Company.

Demand for the Company’s products is directly related to the automotive vehicle production of the Company’s major customers. Automotive sales and production are cyclical and can be affected by general economic or industry conditions, labor relations issues, fuel prices, regulatory requirements, government initiatives, trade agreements, the cost and availability of credit, and other factors. Due to overall global economic conditions, including semiconductor shortages and supply chain disruptions, the automotive industry experienced constrained production schedules in recent years. Such shortages and constrained production schedules had and may in the future have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, profitability, financial condition and results of operations.

Although the Company has purchase orders from many of its customers, these purchase orders generally provide for the supply of a customer’s annual requirements for a particular vehicle model and assembly plant, or in some cases, for the supply of a customer’s requirements for the life of a particular vehicle model, rather than for the purchase of a specific quantity of products. In addition, certain customers have communicated an intent to manufacture components internally that are currently produced by outside suppliers, such as the Company. If the Company's OEM customers successfully insource products currently manufactured by the Company the discontinuation or loss of business for products which the Company is a significant supplier could reduce the Company’s sales and harm the Company’s profitability.

Downward pricing pressures by automotive OEMs, while characteristic of the automotive industry, are increasing. Virtually all automakers have implemented aggressive price-reduction initiatives and objectives each year with their suppliers, and such actions are expected to continue in the future. In addition, estimating such amounts is subject to risk and uncertainties because any price reductions are a result of negotiations and other factors. Accordingly, suppliers must be able to reduce their operating costs in order to maintain profitability. Price reductions have impacted the Company’s sales and profit margins and are expected to continue to do so in the future. If the Company is unable to offset customer price reductions in the future through improved operating efficiencies, new manufacturing processes, sourcing alternatives, and other cost-reduction initiatives, the Company’s business, operating results, financial condition, and cash flow could be adversely affected.

Ford and General Motors are the Company’s largest customers as a percentage of sales. Accordingly, any change in Ford or General Motors's vehicle production volumes may have a significant impact on the Company’s sales volume and profitability. See Note 18, "Financial Instruments" in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information.

The Company’s assumptions used to calculate pension obligations as of the annual measurement date directly impact the expense to be recognized in future periods. While the Company’s management believes that these assumptions are appropriate, significant differences in actual experience or significant changes in these assumptions may materially affect the Company’s pension obligations and future expense. For more information on sensitivities to changing assumptions, please see “Critical Accounting Estimates” in Item 7 and Note 12, “Employee Benefit Plans” in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

In connection with the award of new business, the Company often obligates itself to deliver new products and services that are subject to its customers’ timing, performance, and quality standards. Additionally, as a Tier 1 supplier, the Company must effectively coordinate the activities of numerous suppliers in order to launch programs successfully. Given the complexity of new program launches, especially involving new and innovative technologies, the Company may experience difficulties managing timeliness and detecting undiscovered software errors, bugs, and other defects in its products which may injure the Company's reputation. In addition, new program launches require a significant ramp up of costs; however, the sales related to these new programs generally are dependent upon the timing and success of the introduction of new vehicles by the Company's customers. The Company's inability to effectively manage the timing, quality, and costs of these new program launches could have a material adverse effect on its business, operating results, financial condition, and cash flow.

The Company faces the inherent business risk of exposure to warranty and product liability claims in the event that its products fail to perform as expected or such failure results, or is alleged to result, in bodily injury or property damage (or both). In addition, if any of the Company’s supplied products are defective or are alleged to be defective, the Company may be required to participate in a recall campaign. The introduction of new and complex technologies, such as A.I. features, can increase these and other safety risks, including exposing users to harmful, inaccurate or other negative content and experiences. The Company’s products contain increasingly significant amounts of software and a successful cyberattack on such products could cause materially adverse effects on the Company’s business, operating results, financial condition, cash flow, and reputation. In addition, as the Company expands its electrification product offering, including its battery management systems, such products will present a different warranty and product liability risk profile. As suppliers become more integrally involved in the vehicle design process and assume more of the vehicle assembly functions, automakers are increasingly expecting them to warrant their products and are increasingly looking to suppliers for contributions when faced with product liability claims or recalls. A successful warranty or product liability claim against the Company, or a requirement that the Company participate in a product recall campaign, could have materially adverse effects on the Company’s business, operating results, financial condition, and cash flow.

The Company owns significant intellectual property, including a number of patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets and is involved in numerous licensing arrangements. The Company’s intellectual property plays an important role in maintaining its competitive position in a number of the markets served. The Company may directly or through a supplied component utilize intellectual property in its products that requires a license from a third-party. While the Company believes that such licenses generally can be obtained by the Company, or supplier if a supplied component, we may not be able to obtain the necessary licenses on commercially acceptable terms or at all. Failure by the Company or its suppliers to obtain the right to use third-party intellectual property could preclude the Company from selling certain products, and developments or assertions by or against the Company relating to intellectual property rights, could have materially adverse effects on the Company’s business, operating results, financial condition, and cash flow.

The Company also derives significant revenue from countries outside the U.S. (including China) and significant intellectual property assets are licensed to joint ventures and customers in foreign jurisdictions. If a material intellectual property theft or forced transfer were to occur, it could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, operating results, financial condition, and cash flow. In addition, the Company has continued to see an increase in patent claims related to connectivity-enabled products where other patent-holding companies are seeking royalties and often enter into litigation based on patent infringement allegations. Significant technological developments by others also could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, operating results, financial condition, and cash flow.

Advances in A.I. technology may generate developments against which existing intellectual property laws may not adequately protect and which may also give rise to a proliferation of infringement which we may not be able to address effectively.

The Company’s products and services contain digital technology designed to support connected vehicles, and for some products may also collect and store sensitive end-user data (that may include personally identifiable information). Despite the security and risk-prevention measures the Company has implemented, including related to cybersecurity, our products or services could be breached, damaged, taken over, or otherwise interrupted by a system failure, cyberattack, malicious computer software (including malware or ransomware), unauthorized physical or electronic access, or other natural or man-made incidents or disasters. Failure of the Company’s products or services to effectively protect against these vulnerabilities can damage its reputation and adversely affect its operating results.

Further, through our products or services, the Company may gain access to sensitive, confidential, or personal data or information that is subject to privacy and security laws, regulations, and customer-imposed controls. Concerns about the Company's practices with regard to the collection, use, disclosure, or security of personal information or other privacy related matters, even if unfounded, could damage its reputation and adversely affect its operating results.

Regulatory authorities around the world are considering a number of legislative and regulatory proposals concerning cybersecurity and data protection. In addition, the interpretation and application of consumer and data protection laws in the U.S., Europe, and elsewhere are often uncertain and in flux. Complying with these various laws could cause the Company to incur substantial costs.

We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and various international jurisdictions. Changes in tax rates or tax laws by U.S. and international jurisdictions and tax audits could adversely impact Visteon’s financial results. The Company is in a position whereby losses incurred in certain tax jurisdictions generally provide no current financial statement benefit. In addition, certain jurisdictions have statutory rates greater than or less than the U.S. statutory rate. As such, changes in the mix and source of earnings between jurisdictions, including changes in tax rates in those jurisdictions, could have a significant impact on the Company’s overall effective tax rate in future periods. Additionally, in the ordinary course of business, we are subject to examinations by various tax authorities. Tax authorities in various jurisdictions could also open new examinations and expand existing examinations for which the outcomes cannot be predicted with certainty. Furthermore, changes in U.S. or foreign tax laws and regulations, or their interpretation and application, could also have a significant impact on the Company’s overall effective rate in future periods. For example, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ("OECD"), the European Union, and several other countries, including those where our Company operates, have introduced a 15% global minimum tax on a country-by-country basis, with many jurisdictions committing to an effective enactment date of January 1, 2024. Although it is uncertain if the U.S. will adopt Pillar Two, many jurisdictions are updating their tax laws based on this framework. As we evaluate the impact of these legislative changes with the release of additional guidance, uncertainty remains about the timing and interpretation by tax authorities in affected regions. While the estimated impact on our 2024 effective tax rate is not material, these changes could negatively affect our effective tax rate, tax liabilities, and cash taxes in future years.

The Company has net operating losses ("NOLs") and other tax attributes which could be limited if there is a subsequent change of ownership. If the Company were to have a change of ownership within the meaning of IRC Sections 382 and 383, its NOLs and other tax attributes could be limited to an amount equal to its market capitalization at the time of the ownership change multiplied by the federal long-term tax exempt-rate.

The Company cannot provide any assurance that such an ownership change will not occur, in which case the availability of the Company's NOLs and other tax attributes could be significantly limited or possibly eliminated. Certain tax benefit preservation provisions of its corporate documents could delay or prevent a change of control, even if that change would be beneficial to stockholders.

As a result of Visteon's global presence, a significant portion of the Company's revenues and expenses are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The Company is therefore subject to foreign currency risks and foreign exchange exposure. The Company's primary exposures are to the Brazilian real, British pound, Bulgarian Lev, Chinese renminbi, euro, Indian rupee, Japanese yen, Korean won, Mexican peso, and Thai bhat. Volatility in certain exchange rates could adversely impact Visteon's financial results and comparability of results from period to period.

The Company relies on the accuracy, capacity, and security of its infrastructure and information technology systems to conduct its business. The Company's systems have in the past and could in the future be breached, damaged, taken over, or otherwise interrupted by a system failure, cyberattack, malicious computer software (including malware or ransomware), unauthorized physical or electronic access, or other natural or man-made incidents or disasters. For example, on July 3, 2023, the Company experienced a disruption of certain IT services and assets at its third-party data center provider that resulted in some IT services experiencing interruptions and loss of data and on December 15, 2024 several servers at a single plant in China were encrypted but the Company’s response plans including back-up restoration negated any material impact to the Company. These types of events have occurred with more frequency within our industry and are expected to continue (and possibly increase) moving forward. Any of these events could result in, amongst other things, the following to the Company or its customers, suppliers, sub-suppliers, or other contract parties: (i) a business disruption, including plant operations, (ii) theft of intellectual property, including trade secrets, or (iii) unauthorized access to personal information, including employee or end consumer personal information. Although the Company has placed a high priority on cybersecurity and continues to enhance (through investments) our controls, processes and practices designed to protect our operational systems and products from a breach, the Company’s actions may not be quick enough to fully protect our operational systems and products against all vulnerabilities, including technologies developed to bypass our security measures. In addition, the company’s employees or customers may accidentally provide their access credentials or other sensitive information to bad actors who could gain access to our secure systems and networks. Nothing ensures that the Company’s actions or investments to improve its systems, products, processes and risk management framework or remediate vulnerabilities will be sufficient or deployed quickly enough to prevent or limit the impact of any breach. Undetected or unrecognized breaches also create a risk to the Company since it takes time to first discover the breach and then patch the vulnerability. The Company also cannot anticipate all the various methods of attacks and have defenses prepared in advance against these types of attacks, and it cannot predict the extent, frequency or impact these attacks may have. To the extent a breach occurs as noted above, or data is lost, destroyed, or inappropriately used or disclosed, such disruptions could lead to legal claims against the Company and adversely affect the Company’s competitive position, reputation, relationships with customers, financial condition, operating results, and cash flows and/or subject us to regulatory actions, including those contemplated by data privacy laws and regulations. Moreover, the Company may be required to incur significant costs to protect against the damage caused by these disruptions or security breaches in the future. The Company is also dependent on the security measures implemented by our customers, suppliers, and other third-party service providers to protect their own systems, infrastructures, and products. A breach that impacts any of these third-parties' systems could result in unauthorized access to the Company’s or its customers' or suppliers' sensitive data or the Company’s own information technology systems. It could also cause the Company to be non-compliant with applicable laws, subject us to legal claims, disrupt our operations, damage our reputation, or cause a loss of confidence in our products or services, any of which could adversely affect our financial condition, operating results, or cash flow. In addition, if the content, analyses, or recommendations that A.I. programs assist in producing are or are alleged to be deficient, inaccurate, or biased, then the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations and our reputation may be adversely affected.

The Company is involved in legal proceedings and commercial or contractual disputes that, from time to time, are significant. These are typically claims that arise in the normal course of business including, without limitation, commercial or contractual disputes (including disputes with suppliers), intellectual property matters, personal injury claims, and employment matters. Adverse results of such proceedings and claims may have a material adverse impact on the Company’s profitability and financial position.

Increased attention to climate change and its association with greenhouse gas emissions, expectations for companies to establish short and long-term emissions reduction targets, and changes in consumer preferences may result in increased costs, reduced profits, risks associated with new regulatory requirements, and the potential for increased litigation and governmental investigations. The U.S. federal government, certain U.S. states, and certain other countries and regions have adopted or are considering legislation or regulation imposing overall caps or taxes on greenhouse gas emissions from certain sectors including automotive. Failure to comply with any legislation or regulation could result in substantial fines, criminal sanctions, or operational changes. Moreover, even without such legislation or regulation, increased awareness of, or any adverse publicity regarding, the effects of greenhouse gases could harm the Company’s reputation or reduce customer demand for its products and services. Automakers have also started implementing climate-related initiatives and objectives each year with their suppliers, and such actions are expected to continue in the future. If the Company is unable to meet these new requirements in the future through improved operating efficiencies, new manufacturing processes, sourcing alternatives, and other sustainability initiatives, the Company’s business could be adversely affected.

Additionally, as severe weather events become increasingly common, operations of the Company, its customers, and/or suppliers may be disrupted, which could result in increased operational costs or reduced demand for products and services. Natural disasters could cause disruption to the Company’s ability to serve its customers and communities in times of need and extended periods of disruption could have an adverse effect on its results of operations.

None

Responsibility for assessing cybersecurity risk includes, but is not limited to, input from our Board of Directors, including the Audit Committee of the Board (the “Audit Committee”), senior management and the Crisis Management Team (a taskforce comprised of representatives from primary corporate and operational functions). These groups devote significant resources to cybersecurity and the risk management processes to adapt to the changing cybersecurity landscape and respond to emerging threats in a timely and effective manner. Visteon’s internal cyber and information security team oversees and works collaboratively with various information security service providers using the National Institute of Standards and Technology ("NIST") framework to regularly assess the threat landscape and support a layered cybersecurity strategy based on prevention, detection and mitigation.

The Company’s Chief Information Officer is responsible for developing and implementing our information security program and reporting on cybersecurity matters to the Audit Committee and to the full Board. Our Chief Information Officer has over two decades of experience leading cybersecurity oversight. Visteon’s internal cyber and information security team has multiple years of experience and/or are security certified (e.g., CISSP, CRISC).

The Audit Committee and the full Board actively participate in discussions with management and amongst themselves regarding cybersecurity risks. The Audit Committee is updated quarterly on the Company’s cybersecurity status including discussion of management’s actions to identify and detect threats, as well as planned actions in the event of a response or recovery situation. The Audit Committee’s review also includes review of recent enhancements to the Company’s defenses and management’s progress on its cybersecurity strategic roadmap. In addition, at least two times per year, the full Board reviews key performance indicators, test results and related remediation, and recent threats and how the Company is managing those threats.

The Company’s cybersecurity risk management program incorporates external guidance and expertise through the use of third-party service providers to assist in the identification, assessment and management of risks specific to cybersecurity threats, including vendors providing threat intelligence, risk mitigation, dark web monitoring, external scanning and scoring, threat and reputation monitoring, forensics, cyber-insurance, advisory services and legal counsel. Visteon engages a managed security service provider to augment its cyber and information security team and to provide additional monitoring capabilities. Visteon’s cyber and information security team reviews enterprise risk management-level cybersecurity risks regularly, and key cybersecurity risks are incorporated into the annual corporate-wide Enterprise Risk Management assessment. In addition, we have a set of Company-wide policies and procedures concerning cybersecurity matters, which include an Information Security manual as well as other policies that directly or indirectly relate to cybersecurity, such as policies related to encryption standards, antivirus protection, remote access, access control, confidential information and the use of the internet, social media, email and wireless devices. The Company has also obtained Trusted Information Security Assessment Exchange (TISAX) certification labels at multiple global locations.

The Company periodically performs simulations and tabletop exercises at a management level and incorporates external resources and advisors as needed. All employees are required to periodically complete cybersecurity training and have access to more frequent cybersecurity training through online modules.

The company regularly tests defenses by performing simulations and drills at both a technical level (including through red team/blue team exercises) and by reviewing its operational policies and procedures with third-party experts. At the management level, our cyber and information security team regularly monitors alerts and meets to discuss threat levels, trends and remediation. Our cyber and information security team conducts regular reviews of third-party hosted applications with a specific focus on any sensitive data shared with third parties. Internal audit works with internal business owners of the hosted applications to document user access reviews annually and receive from the vendor a System and Organization Controls (“SOC”) report. If a third-party vendor is not able to provide a SOC report, the Company takes additional steps to assess their cybersecurity preparedness and assess our relationship on that basis.

The Company has certain products it manufactures that are more susceptible to cybersecurity threats and for those products the Company has additional specific cybersecurity risk assessments and management processes in place that aligns our internal policies, standards and development practices with customer requirements and industry standards, including the International Organization for Standardization ("ISO") 21434 control framework specific to road vehicle cybersecurity engineering. Visteon’s product level cybersecurity management is led by a separate team within the engineering department with the leader of that team reporting at least twice per year to the Technology Committee of the Board on the risks and processes related to product level cybersecurity threats.

Visteon faces a number of cybersecurity risks in connection with its business. Although such risks have not, to date, materially affected the Company or the results of operations or financial condition, the Company has from time-to-time experienced threats to and breaches of its data and systems, including malware attacks. Despite the extensive approach Visteon takes to cybersecurity, the Company may not be successful in preventing or mitigating a cybersecurity incident that could have a material adverse effect on the Company or its stakeholders. See Item 1A. “Risk Factors” for a discussion of cybersecurity risks.

The Company's principal executive offices are located in Van Buren Township, Michigan. At December 31, 2024, the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries owned or leased:

•32 corporate offices, technical and engineering centers and customer service centers in 15 countries around the world, all of which were leased.

•13 manufacturing and/or assembly facilities in Brazil, China, India, Japan, Mexico, Portugal, Slovakia, Tunisia, and Thailand, of which 10 were leased and 3 were owned.

In addition, the Company's non-consolidated affiliates operate 6 manufacturing and/or assembly locations, primarily in the Asia Pacific region. The Company considers its facilities to be adequate for its current uses.

Item 3.Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Company is involved in various legal matters and proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. While the Company incurs costs, including but not limited to, attorneys’ fees, the Company does not currently expect any of these matters or proceedings to have a material effect on its results of operations, financial position or cash flows. Certain legal proceedings in which the Company is involved are discussed in Note 19, “Commitments and Contingencies” to the Company's consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” and should be considered an integral part of Part I, Item 3, “Legal Proceedings.” 

Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures

None

The following table shows information about the executive officers of the Company as of February 1, 2025:

Sachin S. Lawande has been Visteon’s Chief Executive Officer, President, and a director of the Company since June 29, 2015. Before joining Visteon, Mr. Lawande served as Executive Vice President and President, Infotainment Division of Harman International Industries, Inc., an automotive supplier, from July 2013 to June 2015. From July 2011 to June 2013, he served as Executive Vice President and President of Harman’s Lifestyle Division, and from July 2010 to June 2011 as Executive Vice President and Co-President, Automotive Division. Prior to that he served as Harman’s Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer since February 2009. Mr. Lawande joined Harman International in 2006, following senior roles at QNX Software Systems and 3Com Corporation. He also serves on the board of directors of Cognex Corporation, a leading worldwide provider of machine vision products that are widely used in automotive, consumer electronics, life sciences, and logistics industries. Within the last five years, he also served on the board of directors of DXC Technology Company.

Jerome J. Rouquet has been Visteon’s Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since February 2020 (after joining the Company as Senior Vice President, Finance in January 2020). Prior to that, he held leadership roles of increasing responsibility at Federal-Mogul, LLC (a global automotive supplier), including Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer from January 2016 to September 2018, Chief Accounting Officer and Controller from July 2010 to January 2016, and Finance Director from March 1999 to July 2010. Following the acquisition of Federal-Mogul by Tenneco, Inc., he most recently served as Senior Vice President Finance, Motorparts from October 2018 to December 2019. From 1990 to 1996, Mr. Rouquet served in various roles at Imaje SA, from Logistics Manager to Financial Controller.

Colleen E. Myers has been Visteon’s Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer since January 2024. Prior to the appointment, she was Assistant Controller since May 2021 and Senior Manager, Reporting and Consolidations since joining the Company in June 2015. Prior to joining Visteon she worked at Masco Corporation holding supervisory positions of increasing responsibility in financial reporting and internal audit. Ms. Myers is a certified public accountant.

Brett D. Pynnonen has been Visteon’s Senior Vice President and Chief Legal Officer since December 2016. Prior to that, he was Vice President and General Counsel since joining the Company in March 2016. Before joining Visteon, he was Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary of Federal-Mogul Holdings Corporation, a global automotive supplier, from November 2007 to March 2016. Prior to that, he was General Counsel and Secretary of Covansys Corporation, a technology services company, and an attorney at the law firm of Butzel Long.

Joao Paulo Ribeiro has been Visteon’s Senior Vice President, Operation, Supply Chain, and Procurement since November 2021. Prior to that he was Vice President, Manufacturing and Supply Chain since March 2020, Vice President, Manufacturing Operations since March 2014, and Managing Director, European Operations from October 2010 to March 2014. During his career with Visteon and Ford Motor Company, he has held management positions of increasing responsibility in manufacturing and operations.

Qais Sharif has been Visteon’s Senior Vice President and General Manager of the Americas since November 2023. Prior to that he was, Vice President and General Manager of the Americas since December 2021, Vice President Displays Product Line since November 2019 and Vice President, Product Management Driver Information and Displays since joining the Company in August 2016. Prior to joining Visteon, Mr. Sharif was Vice President, Information Technology and Mobile USA Sales and Marketing at LG Display Company, an automotive supplier, and Global Vice President of Sales at TE Connectivity, a consumer electronics company.

Kristin E. Trecker has been Visteon’s Senior Vice President and Chief People Officer since joining the Company in May 2018. Before joining Visteon, she served as Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer (“CHRO”) for Integer Holdings Corp. (formerly Greatbatch, Inc.), a medical device contract development and manufacturer, from November 2015 to May 2017, and as Senior Vice President and CHRO of MTS Systems Corp., a global engineering firm, from February 2012 to October 2015. Prior to that Ms. Trecker spent 16 years with Lawson Software, Inc. in roles of increasing responsibility, ranging from Director of Compensation and Benefits to Senior Vice President of Human Resources.

Robert R. Vallance has been Visteon’s Senior Vice President, Product Lines, China and APAC Supplier Strategy since January 2025, prior to that he was Senior Vice President of Global Customer Business Groups, New Technology Product Lines, and General Manager APAC Region since January 2022 and Senior Vice President, Customer Business Groups since December 2016. He also served as Vice President, Customer Business Groups upon rejoining the Company in July 2014. From February 2008 to June 2014, he served as Vice President, Electronics Business Group of Johnson Controls, Inc., an automotive supplier. Prior to that, he spent 23 years at Ford Motor Company and Visteon in product development, program and commercial management, strategy and planning, product marketing, and manufacturing.

Item 5.Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The Company's common stock, $0.01 par value per share, trades on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol "VC". As of February 7, 2025, the Company had 2,550 shareholders of record.

No dividends were paid by the Company on its common stock during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company’s Board evaluates the Company’s dividend policy based on all relevant factors. The Company’s credit agreements limit the amount of cash payments for dividends that may be made. Additionally, the ability of the Company’s subsidiaries to transfer dividends is subject to various restrictions, including regulatory requirements and governmental restraints.

No sales of the Company’s common stock were made by or on behalf of the Company or an affiliated purchaser during the fourth quarter of 2024.

On March 2, 2023 the Company's board of directors authorized a share repurchase program of $300 million of common stock through December 31, 2026. Under this program, the Company will repurchase shares at the prevailing market prices pursuant to specified share price and daily volume limits. As of December 31, 2024, the Company has $131 million of authorized purchases of common stock remaining.

The following table summarizes information relating to purchases made by or on behalf of the Company, or an affiliated purchaser, of shares of the Company’s common stock during the fourth quarter of 2024.

(1) The Company does not include shares surrendered to pay taxes incurred upon exercises of stock options for purposes of this Item 5 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

(2) The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, which was enacted into law on August 16, 2022, imposed a nondeductible 1% excise tax on the net value of certain stock repurchases made after December 31, 2022. All dollar amounts presented exclude such excise taxes, as applicable.

The following information in Item 5 is not deemed to be “soliciting material” or be “filed” with the SEC or subject to Regulation 14A or 14C under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”) or to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, and will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Exchange Act, except to the extent the Company specifically incorporates it by reference into such a filing.

The following graph compares the cumulative total stockholder return from December 31, 2019 through December 31, 2024, for Visteon's existing common stock, the S&P 500 Index and the Dow Jones U.S. Auto Parts Index. The graph below assumes that $100 was invested on December 31, 2019 in each of the Company's common stock, the stocks comprising the S&P 500 Index and the stocks comprising the Dow Jones U.S. Auto Parts Index, and that all dividends have been reinvested.

The above comparisons are required by the SEC and are not intended to forecast or be indicative of possible future performance of the Company's common stock or the referenced indices.

Item 7.Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) is intended to help the reader understand the results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows of the Company. MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”. For discussion related to changes in financial condition and the results of operations for fiscal year 2023-related items, refer to Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year 2023, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 20, 2024.

Visteon is a global automotive technology company serving the mobility industry, dedicated to creating more enjoyable, connected, and safe driving experiences. The Company's platforms leverage proven, scalable hardware and software solutions that enable the digital, electric, and autonomous evolution of its global automotive customers. The automotive mobility market is expected to grow faster than underlying vehicle production volumes as the vehicle shifts from analog to digital and towards device and cloud connected, electric vehicles, and vehicles with more advanced safety features.

The Company has laid out the following strategic priorities:

•Technology Innovation - The Company is an established global leader in cockpit electronics and is positioned to provide solutions as the industry transitions to the next generation automotive cockpit experience. The cockpit is becoming fully digital, connected, automated, learning and voice enabled. Visteon's broad portfolio of digital cockpit and electrification electronics positions Visteon to support these macro trends in the automotive industry.

•Long-Term Growth - The Company has continued to win business at a rate that exceeds current sales levels by demonstrating product quality, technical and development capability, new product innovation, reliability, timeliness, product design, manufacturing capability, and flexibility, as well as overall customer service.

•Balanced Capital Allocation with a Strong Balance Sheet - The Company continues to maintain a strong balance sheet to withstand near-term industry volatility and support a balanced capital allocation framework. The Company is primarily focused on allocating capital to high-returning organic initiatives that increase internal capabilities, pursuing attractive inorganic opportunities, and returning capital to shareholders. In March 2023, the Company announced a $300 million share repurchase program maturing at the end of 2026. The Company has repurchased $169 million of Company common stock under this program. During the year ended December 31, 2024, Visteon spent a net cash outlay of $55 million on inorganic growth, to acquire an advanced design and R&D services firm and a software firm.

The pie charts below highlight the sales breakdown for Visteon for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Industry vehicle volumes were approximately 89 million units in 2024, a modest decline compared to 2023 as the worldwide semiconductor and other supply related shortages began to ease, offset by mixed industry dynamics that reduced light vehicle production in Europe and North America. North America production levels were slightly lower as vehicle affordability affected consumer demand, partially offset by OEMs rebuilding inventories. Production levels in Europe were lower, with a weak macroeconomic environment and the expiration of government incentives on electric vehicles weighing on production. In China, domestic OEMs continued to gain market share amid intense price competition in a weak domestic market. Looking forward, vehicle production is expected to decline slightly in 2025, with Visteon’s customer production expected to decline mid-single digits, and ongoing risks related to vehicle affordability, economic uncertainty, potential geopolitical challenges, and customer market share changes. The magnitude of the impact on the financial statements, results of operations, and cash flows will be dependent on plant production schedules, supply chain impacts, global economic impacts, and electric vehicle adoption.

Visteon continued to focus on execution throughout 2024, building a foundation of sustainable growth, margin expansion, and cash flow generation. Visteon reported sales of $3,866 million, a year-over-year decrease of 2%, representing continued out-performance compared to customer production despite significant headwinds in the China market and lower supply chain recoveries from customers. Net Income attributable to Visteon of $274 million declined compared to the prior year primarily due to a larger deferred tax valuation allowance release in 2023 as compared to 2024. Adjusted EBITDA* was $474 million, a 9% increase compared to prior year due to strong commercial and cost discipline. Visteon continued to build the foundation for sustainable growth launching 95 new products during 2024. Visteon's next-generation products continue to be featured on its customer's key vehicles and platforms. Additionally, Visteon was awarded $6.1 billion in new business wins with strong representation in all product categories. Wins included clusters wins of approximately $1.1 billion, driven primarily by digital clusters, multiple SmartCore™ and infotainment wins with lifetime revenue in excess of $1.5 billion, multiple large multi-display wins bringing total displays wins to $2.6 billion for the year, and $0.7 billion of electrification wins highlighted by a power electronics win for an on-board charger and DC-DC converter.

The Company's consolidated results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

Net sales for the year ended December 31, 2024 totaled $3,866 million, which represents an decrease of $88 million compared with 2023. Volumes and net new business increased net sales by $125 million due to continued market outperformance as a result of recent product launches and sales volumes in the America's, partially offset by lower sales in China due to market dynamics. Customer pricing decreased net sales by $142 million as a result of lower customer recoveries due to improving supply chain dynamics and annual price reductions. Unfavorable currency decreased net sales by $30 million, primarily attributable to the Chinese renminbi, Japanese yen, and Brazilian real, partially offset by the euro. Other cost performance, design changes and other decreased net sales by $41 million. primarily due to the non-recurrence of certain prior period one time commercial items.

Cost of sales decreased $132 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, when compared with 2023. Volume, mix and net new business increased cost of sales by $104 million. Net engineering costs, excluding currency, decreased cost of sales by $16 million as a result of favorable timing of engineering recoveries. Foreign currency decreased cost of sales by $17 million, primarily attributable to the Mexican peso and Japanese yen, partially offset by the Brazilian real. Cost performance, design changes and other decreased cost of sales by $203 million primarily due to lower recoveries from improving supply chain dynamics and manufacturing efficiencies.

A summary of net engineering costs is shown below:

Gross engineering costs relate to forward model program development and advanced engineering activities and exclude contractually reimbursable engineering costs. Gross engineering costs of $334 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, where $4 million higher than the same period of 2023, and included the the acquisition of a German R&D services firm. Net engineering costs of $191 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, including the impacts of currency, were $19 million lower than the same period of 2023. This decrease is primarily related to favorable timing of recoveries during 2024 compared to the prior period.

Selling, general, and administrative expenses were $207 million, or 5.4% of net sales, and $207 million, or 5.2% of net sales, for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Expenses remained unchanged during 2024 due to decreased amortization expense offset by increased employee expenses.

The Company recorded $32 million and $5 million of net restructuring expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase is due to a 2024 global restructuring plan announced in September 2024 aimed at improving efficiency and further rationalize the Company’s footprint.

Net interest income for the year ended December 31, 2024, was $2 million, compared to interest expense of $7 million in the same period 2023. The increase in interest income during 2024 reflects increased cash balances.

Equity in net loss of non-consolidated affiliates was $3 million and $10 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The loss in each year is due to operating losses at an affiliate.

Other income, net consists of the following:

The Company's provision for income taxes was $14 million for year ended December 31, 2024, reflecting a $262 million increase compared to the $248 million benefit from income taxes in 2023. In the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company released $313 million from its deferred tax valuation allowance related to U.S. federal and certain state deferred tax assets. In 2024, the Company determined that additional U.S. deferred income tax assets were more likely than not to be realized resulting in a $49 million non-cash tax benefit.

The Company defines Adjusted EBITDA as net income attributable to the Company adjusted to eliminate the impact of depreciation and amortization, non-cash stock-based compensation expense, provision for income taxes, net interest expense, net income attributable to non-controlling interests, restructuring and impairment expense, equity in net income of non-consolidated affiliates, and other gains and losses not reflective of the Company's ongoing operations.

Adjusted EBITDA is presented as a supplemental measure of the Company's financial performance that management believes is useful to investors because the excluded items may vary significantly in timing or amounts and/or may obscure trends useful in evaluating and comparing the Company's operating activities across reporting periods. Not all companies use identical calculations and, accordingly, the Company's presentation of Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies. Adjusted EBITDA is not a recognized term under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") and does not purport to be a substitute for net income as an indicator of operating performance or cash flows from operating activities as a measure of liquidity. Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool and is not intended to be a measure of cash flow available for management's discretionary use, as it does not consider certain cash requirements such as interest payments, tax payments, and debt service requirements. The Company uses Adjusted EBITDA as a factor in incentive compensation decisions and to evaluate the effectiveness of the Company's business strategies. In addition, the Company's credit agreements use measures similar to Adjusted EBITDA to measure compliance with certain covenants.

The reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income attributable to Visteon for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:

Adjusted EBITDA was $474 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, representing an increase of $40 million when compared to 2023. Favorable volumes and mix, and the ongoing benefits of cost and commercial discipline increased Adjusted EBITDA by $37 million. Foreign currency decreased Adjusted EBITDA by $12 million, primarily attributable to the Brazilian real and Japanese yen, partially offset by the Mexican peso. Net engineering costs, excluding currency, increased Adjusted EBITDA by $15 million from favorable timing of recoveries.

The Company's primary sources of liquidity are cash flows from operations, existing cash balances, and borrowings under available credit facilities. The Company's intra-year needs are normally impacted by seasonal effects in the industry, such as mid-year shutdowns, the ramp-up of new model production, and year-end shutdowns at key customers.

A substantial portion of the Company's cash flows from operations are generated by operations located outside of the U.S. Accordingly, the Company utilizes a combination of cash repatriation strategies, including dividends and distributions, royalties, and other intercompany arrangements to provide the funds necessary to meet obligations globally.

The Company’s ability to access funds from its subsidiaries is subject to, among other things, customary regulatory and statutory requirements and contractual arrangements including joint venture agreements and local credit facilities. Moreover, repatriation efforts may be modified by the Company according to prevailing circumstances.

Access to additional capital through the debt or equity markets is influenced by the Company's credit ratings. As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s corporate credit rating is BB by Standard & Poor’s. See Note 11, "Debt" in the Company's consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a comprehensive discussion of the Company's debt facilities. Incremental funding requirements of the Company's consolidated foreign entities are primarily accommodated by intercompany cash pooling structures and intercompany load agreements. Affiliate working capital lines had availability of $150 million and the Company had $400 million of available credit under the revolving credit facility as of December 31, 2024.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company had total cash and equivalents of $626 million, including $3 million of restricted cash. Cash balances totaling $489 million were located in jurisdictions outside of the United States, of which approximately $65 million is considered permanently reinvested for funding ongoing operations outside of the U.S. If such permanently reinvested funds were repatriated to the U.S., no U.S. federal taxes would be imposed on the distribution of such foreign earnings due to U.S. tax reform enacted in December 2017. However, the Company would be required to accrue additional tax expense primarily related to foreign withholding taxes.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, cash contributions to the Company's U.S and non-U.S. employee retirement plans were approximately $26 million. Additionally, the Company expects to make contributions to its US and non-US defined benefit pension plans of $4 million and $8 million, respectively, during 2025.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company paid $10 million related to restructuring activities. Additional discussion regarding the Company's restructuring activities is provided in Note 4, "Restructuring and Impairments" in the Company's consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The Company has committed to make investments totaling $20 million in multiple entities principally focused on the automotive sector pursuant to limited partnership agreements. As of December 31, 2024, the Company has contributed $13 million toward the aggregate investment commitments. As a limited partner in each entity, the Company will periodically make capital contributions toward this total commitment amount.

On March 2, 2023 the Company's board of directors authorized a share repurchase program of $300 million of common stock through December 31, 2026. Under this program, the Company will repurchase shares at the prevailing market prices pursuant to specified share price and daily volume limits. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company has purchased 647,755 shares at an average price of $97.97 related to this program totaling $63 million.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company has contractual purchase obligations of approximately $41 million through 2029.

The Company has operating leases primarily for corporate offices, technical and engineering centers, vehicles, and certain equipment with future lease obligations ranging from 2025 to 2035. Additional discussion regarding the Company's leasing activities is provided in Note 9, "Leases" in the Company's consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The Company may be required to make significant cash outlays related to its unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties, that would be expected to result in a cash outlay of $15 million. Given the number of years, jurisdictions and positions subject to examination, the Company is unable to estimate the period of cash settlement, if any, with the respective taxing authorities. For further information related to the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits, see Note 14, “Income Taxes,” to the consolidated financial statements included in this Report.

The Company generated $427 million of cash from operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to $267 million during 2023 representing a $160 million increase.

The increase in cash from operations in 2024 when compared to the prior period is primarily attributable to higher Adjusted EBITDA of $40 million and improved working capital inflow of $95 million, primarily related to accounts receivable and accounts payable.

Net cash used by investing activities was $189 million and $123 million during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The $66 million increase in cash used by investing activities compared to the prior year is primarily due to increased capital expenditures of $12 million and the acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired, of $55 million.

Net cash used by financing activities was $100 million and $156 million for during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. This $56 million decrease compared to the prior year is primarily attributable to lower repurchases of common stock of $43 million and decreased dividends paid to non-controlling interest of $17 million.

See "Liquidity" above and also see Note 11, "Debt" and Note 15, "Stockholders' Equity and Non-controlling Interests" to the Company's consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.

See Note 17, "Fair Value Measurements" to the Company's consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

The Company’s significant accounting policies have been disclosed in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes under Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the Company's consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Certain policies relate to estimates that involve matters that are highly uncertain at the time the accounting estimate is made and different estimates or changes to an estimate could have a material impact on the reported financial position, changes in financial condition or results of operations. Such critical estimates are discussed below. For these, materially different amounts could be reported under varied conditions and assumptions. Other items in the Company's consolidated financial statements require estimation; however, in the Company's opinion, they are not as critical as those discussed below.

We allocate the fair value of purchase consideration to the assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interest based on their fair values at the acquisition date. When determining the fair values, we make significant estimates and assumptions, especially concerning intangible assets. Critical estimates when valuing intangible assets include expected future cash flows based on consideration of revenue and revenue growth rates and margins, customer attrition rates, future changes in technology and brand awareness, loyalty and position, and discount rates. Any purchase consideration in excess of the fair values of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill.

Amounts recorded in a business combination may change during the measurement period, which is a period not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition, as additional information about conditions existing at the acquisition date becomes available.

Acquisition costs are expensed as incurred.

Revenue is measured based on the transaction price and the quantity of parts specified in a contract with a customer. Discrete price adjustments may occur during the vehicle production period in order for the Company to remain competitive with market prices or based on changes in product specifications. Some of these price adjustments are non-routine in nature and require estimation. In the event the Company concludes that a portion of the revenue for a given part may vary from the purchase order, the Company records consideration at the most likely amount to which the Company expects to be entitled based on historical experience and input from customer negotiations. See Note 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the Company's consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

The Company accrues for warranty obligations for products sold based on management estimates, with support from the Company’s sales, engineering, quality, and legal functions, of the amount that eventually will be required to settle such obligations. This accrual is based on several factors including contractual arrangements, past experience, current claims, production changes, industry developments, and various other considerations. The Company accrues for product recall claims related to potential financial participation in customer actions to provide remedies as a result of actual or threatened regulatory or court actions or the Company’s determination of the potential for such actions. The Company's accrual for recall claims is based on specific facts and circumstances underlying individual claims with support from the Company’s engineering, quality, and legal functions. Amounts accrued are based upon management’s best estimate of the amount that will ultimately be required to settle such claims. See Note 19, "Commitments and Contingencies" in the Company's consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

The Company accrues costs in connection with its restructuring of the engineering, administration, and manufacturing organizations. These accruals include estimates primarily related to employee headcount, local statutory benefits, and other employee termination costs. Actual costs may vary from these estimates. These accruals are reviewed on a quarterly basis and changes to restructuring actions are recognized when identified. See Note 4, “Restructuring and Impairments” in the Company's consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

Certain Company employees participate in defined benefit pension plans or retirement/termination indemnity plans. The Company has approximately $97 million in unfunded net pension liabilities as of December 31, 2024, of which approximately $80 million and $17 million are attributable to U.S. and non-U.S. pension plans, respectively. The determination of the Company’s obligations and expense for its pension plans is dependent on assumptions set by the Company used by actuaries in calculating such amounts. Assumptions, including the discount rate, expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, and rate of increase in compensation, are described in Note 12, “Employee Benefit Plans” to the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which are incorporated herein by reference.

Actual results that differ from assumptions used are accumulated and amortized over future periods and, accordingly, generally affect recognized expense in future periods. Therefore, assumptions used to calculate benefit obligations as of the annual measurement date directly impact the expense to be recognized in future periods. The primary assumptions affecting the Company’s accounting for employee benefits, as of December 31, 2024, are as follows:

Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets

The expected long-term rate of return is used to calculate net periodic pension cost. The required use of the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets may result in recognized returns that are greater or less than the actual returns on those plan assets in any given year. Over time the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets is designed to approximate actual returns. The expected long-term rate of return for pension assets has been estimated based on various inputs, including historical returns for the different asset classes held by the Company’s trusts and its asset allocation, as well as inputs from internal and external sources regarding expected capital market returns, inflation, and other variables.

The Company has set the long-term rates of return assumptions for its 2025 pension expense which range from 2.00% to 10.60% outside the U.S. and 7.06% in the U.S.

Discount rate

The Company uses the spot rate method to estimate the service and interest components of net periodic benefit cost for pension benefits for its U.S. and certain non-U.S. plans. The Company has elected to utilize an approach that discounts individual expected cash flows underlying interest and service costs using the applicable spot rates derived from the yield curve used to determine the benefit obligation to the relevant projected cash flows. The discount rate assumption is based on market rates for a hypothetical portfolio of high-quality corporate bonds rated Aa or better with maturities closely matched to the timing of projected benefit payments for each plan at its annual measurement date.

While the Company believes that these assumptions are appropriate, significant differences in actual experience or significant changes in these assumptions may materially affect the Company’s pension benefit obligations and its future expense. The following table illustrates the sensitivity to a change in certain assumptions for Company sponsored U.S. and non-U.S. pension plans on its 2024 funded status and 2025 pretax pension expense.

The Company's income tax expense, deferred tax assets, deferred tax liabilities, and liabilities for uncertain tax benefits reflect management’s best estimate of current and future taxes to be paid. The Company is subject to income taxes in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgments and estimates are required in the determination of consolidated income tax expense.

Deferred income taxes arise from temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements, which will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future. In evaluating the Company's ability to realize a benefit with respect to the deferred tax assets in the jurisdiction from which they arise, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including historical and projected future taxable income, the expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences, the expected utilization of existing tax attribute carryforwards (e.g., net operating losses and foreign tax credits), and tax planning strategies.

In developing the Company's estimates of future taxable income, the Company considers both the historical operating results adjusted for certain nonrecurring transactions, as well as the Company's actual forecasted state, federal, and foreign pretax operating income. These estimates, and the relative weights placed thereon, require the use of significant judgment and are consistent with the plans and estimates the Company is using to manage the underlying businesses.

If, based upon the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not the deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance is recorded.

Prior to the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance against the U.S. deferred tax assets primarily due to historical cumulative losses.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company evaluated both positive and negative evidence when considering if it was more likely than not that US deferred tax assets would be realized. The Company concluded that the positive evidence, which included the Company (1) being in a substantive three-year U.S. cumulative income position, (2) reporting U.S. income for 10 of the past 12 quarters, and (3) forecasting U.S. book and taxable income for the year ending December 31, 2024, outweighed the negative evidence (the Company’s history of losses).

More specifically, the Company’s forecast of future taxable income using its objective and verifiable earnings history, indicated that it was more likely than not that the Company would be able to realize a benefit for a substantial portion of its U.S. deferred tax assets, resulting in a partial release of its valuation allowance related to its U.S. deferred tax assets. The deferred tax assets not expected to be realized based on the Company’s projections relate primarily to the Company’s existing foreign tax credit carryforwards, as the Company has been and is expected to continue to generate excess credits in the near term, resulting in an inability to use all of its existing credits prior to their expiration dates; certain U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards that were not expected to provide an incremental cash savings (i.e., they would only displace credits and deductions the Company would have otherwise had available to it); and State operating loss carryforwards with a limited carryforward. The Company recorded a $313 million income tax benefit related to the partial release of its U.S. valuation allowance as of December 31, 2023.

In evaluating the realizability of its U.S. deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2024, the Company considered all positive and negative evidence to determine whether the deferred tax assets are more likely than not to be realized. This assessment resulted in a $49 million income tax benefit, further reducing the U.S. valuation allowance. The change in evidence for assessing the realization of U.S. deferred taxes was primarily due to the Company's actual U.S. taxable income in 2024 exceeding the previous year’s projections, along with projections indicating continued U.S. taxable income in 2025.

The Company’s results of operations are heavily dependent upon customer orders. The potential impact of government actions, such as enforcement of tariffs, has not yet been included in the company’s projections but could have a significant impact on the realization of its deferred tax assets. Given the inherent uncertainty in estimating future events, including projected taxable income, any improvement or deterioration in the Company’s future operating performance could lead to significant changes in the Company's valuation allowance assessments. Factors influencing the remaining valuation allowance include variations in forecasted sales volumes, which depend on customer orders, potential changes in U.S. tax law (such as the capitalization of research and development costs), and the amount of future foreign tax credits generated (since these credits are utilized before the foreign tax credit carryforwards). Additionally, the complexity of determining U.S.

taxable income and related foreign tax credit utilization, considering the Company's global structure, the nature of its deferred tax assets, and the timing of carryforward expiration of some tax attributes, makes it challenging to fully assess the impact on the remaining valuation allowance if meaningful changes occur.

See Note 13, "Income Taxes" in the Company's consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

See Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the Company's consolidated financial statements under Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.

Certain statements contained or incorporated in this Annual Report on Form 10-K which are not statements of historical fact constitute “Forward-Looking Statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “Reform Act”). Forward-looking statements give current expectations or forecasts of future events. Words such as “anticipate”, “expect”, “intend”, “plan”, “believe”, “seek”, “estimate” and other words and terms of similar meaning in connection with discussions of future operating or financial performance signify forward-looking statements. These statements reflect the Company’s current views with respect to future events and are based on assumptions and estimates, which are subject to risks and uncertainties including those discussed in Item 1A under the heading “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Accordingly, undue reliance should not be placed on these forward-looking statements. Also, these forward-looking statements represent the Company’s estimates and assumptions only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Company does not intend to update any of these forward-looking statements to reflect circumstances or events that occur after the statement is made and qualifies all of its forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

You should understand that various factors, in addition to those discussed elsewhere in this document, could affect the Company’s future results and could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in such forward-looking statements, including:

•Uncertainties in U.S. policy regarding trade agreements, tariffs or other internation trade policies and any response to such actions by foreign countries.

•Significant or prolonged shortage of critical components from Visteon’s suppliers including, but not limited to semiconductors and those components from suppliers who are sole or primary sources.

•Failure of the Company’s joint venture partners to comply with contractual obligations or to exert undue influence in China.

•Significant changes in the competitive environment in the major markets where Visteon procures materials, components, or supplies or where its products are manufactured, distributed, or sold.

•Visteon’s ability to satisfy its future capital and liquidity requirements; Visteon’s ability to access the credit and capital markets at the times and in the amounts needed and on terms acceptable to Visteon; Visteon’s ability to comply with covenants applicable to it; and the continuation of acceptable customer and supplier payment terms.

•Visteon's ability to avoid or continue to operate during a strike, or partial work stoppage or slow down at any of Visteon's principal customers

•Visteon’s ability to access funds generated by its foreign subsidiaries and joint ventures on a timely and cost-effective basis.

•Changes in the operations (including products, product planning, and part sourcing), financial condition, results of operations, or market share of Visteon’s customers.

•Changes in vehicle production volume of Visteon’s customers in the markets where it operates.

•Increases in commodity costs and the Company's ability to offset or recover these costs or disruptions in the supply of commodities, including resins, copper, fuel, and natural gas.

•Visteon’s ability to generate cost savings to offset or exceed agreed-upon price reductions or price reductions to win additional business and, in general, improve its operating performance; to achieve the benefits of its restructuring actions; and to recover engineering and tooling costs and capital investments.

•Visteon’s ability to compete favorably with automotive parts suppliers with lower cost structures and greater ability to rationalize operations; and to exit non-performing businesses on satisfactory terms, particularly due to limited flexibility under existing labor agreements.

•Restrictions in labor contracts with unions that restrict Visteon’s ability to close plants, divest unprofitable, noncompetitive businesses, change local work rules and practices at a number of facilities, and implement cost-saving measures.

•The costs and timing of facility closures or dispositions, business or product realignments, or similar restructuring actions, including potential asset impairment or other charges related to the implementation of these actions or other adverse industry conditions and contingent liabilities.

•Legal and administrative proceedings, investigations, and claims, including shareholder class actions, inquiries by regulatory agencies, product liability, warranty, employee-related, environmental and safety claims, and any recalls of products manufactured or sold by Visteon.

•Changes in economic conditions, currency exchange rates, interest rates, changes in foreign laws, regulations or trade policies, or political stability in foreign countries where Visteon procures materials, components, or supplies or where its products are manufactured, distributed, or sold.

•Shortages of materials or interruptions in transportation systems, labor strikes, work stoppages, or other interruptions to or difficulties in the employment of labor in the major markets where Visteon purchases materials, components, or supplies to manufacture its products or where its products are manufactured, distributed, or sold.

•Visteon’s ability to satisfy its pension and other postretirement employee benefit obligations, and to retire outstanding debt and satisfy other contractual commitments, all at the levels and times planned by management.

•Changes in laws, tariffs, regulations, policies or other activities of governments, agencies and similar organizations, domestic and foreign, that may tax or otherwise increase the cost of, prohibit, or otherwise affect, the manufacture, licensing, distribution, sale, ownership, or use of Visteon’s products or assets.

•Possible terrorist attacks or acts of war, which could exacerbate other risks such as slowed vehicle production, interruptions in the transportation system, changes in fuel prices, and disruptions of supply.

•The cyclical and seasonal nature of the automotive industry.

•Visteon’s ability to comply with environmental, safety, and other regulations applicable to it and any increase in the requirements, responsibilities, and associated expenses and expenditures of these regulations.

•Disruptions in information technology systems including, but not limited to, system failure, cyber-attack, malicious computer software (malware including ransomware), unauthorized physical or electronic access, or other natural or man-made incidents or disasters.

•Visteon’s ability to protect its intellectual property rights and to respond to changes in technology and technological risks and to claims by others that Visteon infringes their intellectual property rights.

•Visteon’s ability to quickly and adequately remediate control deficiencies in its internal control over financial reporting.

•Other factors, risks and uncertainties detailed from time to time in Visteon’s Securities and Exchange Commission filings.

Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The primary market risks to which the Company is exposed include changes in currency exchange rates, interest rates and certain commodity prices. The Company manages these risks through operating actions including fixed price contracts with suppliers and cost sourcing arrangements with customers and through various derivative instruments. The Company's use of derivative instruments is strictly intended for hedging purposes to mitigate market risks pursuant to written risk management policies. Accordingly, derivative instruments are not used for speculative or trading purposes. The Company's use of derivative instruments creates exposure to credit loss in the event of non-performance by the counter-party to the derivative financial instruments. The Company limits this exposure by entering into agreements directly with a variety of major financial institutions with high credit standards and that are expected to fully satisfy their obligations under the contracts. Additionally, the Company's ability to utilize derivatives to manage market risk is dependent on credit conditions, market conditions, and prevailing economic environment.

The Company’s net cash inflows and outflows exposed to the risk of changes in foreign currency exchange rates arise from the sale of products in countries other than the manufacturing source, foreign currency denominated supplier payments, debt and other payables, subsidiary dividends, investments in subsidiaries, and anticipated foreign currency denominated transaction proceeds. The Company may utilize derivative financial instruments to manage foreign currency exchange rate risks. Forward and option contracts may be utilized to reduce the impact to the Company's cash flow from adverse movements in exchange rates. Foreign currency exposures are reviewed periodically, and any natural offsets are considered prior to entering into a derivative financial instrument.

In addition to the transactional exposure described above, the Company's operating results are impacted by the translation of its foreign operating income into U.S. dollars. The Company does not enter into currency exchange rate contracts to mitigate this exposure.

The hypothetical pretax gain or loss in fair value from a 10% favorable or adverse change in quoted currency exchange rates would be approximately $20 million and $21 million for foreign currency derivative financial instruments as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These estimated changes assume a parallel shift in all currency exchange rates and include the gain or loss on financial instruments used to hedge investments in subsidiaries. Because exchange rates typically do not all move in the same direction, the estimate may overstate the impact of changing exchange rates on the net fair value of the Company's financial derivatives. It is also important to note that gains and losses indicated in the sensitivity analysis would generally be offset by gains and losses on the underlying exposures being hedged.

See Note 18, "Financial Instruments" to the Company's consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

The Company's exposures to market risk from changes in the price of production material are managed primarily through negotiations with suppliers and customers, although there can be no assurance that the Company will recover all such costs. The Company continues to evaluate derivatives available in the marketplace and may decide to utilize derivatives in the future to manage select commodity risks if an acceptable hedging instrument is identified for the Company's exposure level at that time, as well as the effectiveness of the financial hedge among other factors.

Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of Visteon Corporation

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Visteon Corporation and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, cash flows, and changes in equity, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

As described in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, management excluded from its assessment the internal control over financial reporting at the German Acquisition, which was acquired on August 29, 2024, and the other Acquisition which was acquired on December 3, 2024. These acquisitions constitute less than 3% of total assets and less than 1% of total revenues of the Company’s consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024. Accordingly, our audit did not include the internal control over financial reporting at the German Acquisition or the other Acquisition.

The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures to respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

The Company’s revenue is measured based on the transaction price and the quantity of parts specified in a contract with a customer. Discrete price adjustments may occur during the vehicle production period in order for the Company to remain competitive with market prices or based on changes in product specifications. Some of these price adjustments are non-routine in nature and require estimation. In the event the Company concludes that a portion of the revenue for a given part may vary from the purchase order, the Company records consideration at the most likely amount to which the Company expects to be entitled based on historical experience and input from customer negotiations.

Auditing non-routine price adjustments requires auditor judgment to evaluate the evidence available from customer negotiations.

Our audit procedures related to non-routine price adjustments including the following, among others:

•We tested the effectiveness of controls over non-routine price adjustments.

•We tested a sample of non-routine price adjustments recorded and compared such adjustments to underlying supporting documentation.

•We inspected pricing-related communications between the Company and its customers.

•We evaluated management’s process for estimating non-routine price adjustments by comparing current year adjustments to accruals established in prior periods.

•We made inquiries of Company executives responsible for customer relationships regarding customer negotiations and non-routine price adjustments.

The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that such assets will not be realized. In determining the need for a valuation allowance, all available positive and negative evidence, including historical and projected financial performance, is considered along with any other pertinent information.

As of December 31, 2024, after considering all positive and negative evidence, including improvement in the Company’s U.S. profitability beyond the projections utilized in estimating the realizability of its U.S. deferred tax assets in 2023, the Company concluded that additional U.S. deferred income tax assets were more likely than not to be realized resulting in a $49 million non-cash benefit (the tax benefit) to income tax expense in 2024. In determining the amount of the U.S. valuation allowance to release, the Company applied the incremental economic benefit approach.

Auditing the tax benefit required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve our income tax specialists, due to the complexity in applying the incremental economic benefit approach.

Our audit procedures related to the Company’s tax benefit included the following, among others:

•We tested the effectiveness of controls over management’s application of the incremental economic benefit approach to determine the amount of the tax benefit.

•With the assistance of our income tax specialists, we tested the application of the incremental economic benefit approach including the underlying data and assumptions used by management.

•We tested the completeness and accuracy of management’s calculation of the tax benefit.

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2022.