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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 8-K

 

CURRENT REPORT

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of

the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

 

(November 6, 2023)

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported)

 

SANMINA CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware   000-21272   77-0228183
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation)   (Commission File Number)   (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

 

2700 North First Street

San Jose, California 95134

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

 

(408) 964-3500

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (see General Instruction A.2. below):

 

¨ Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

 

¨ Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

 

¨ Pre-commencement communication pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

 

¨ Pre-commencement communication pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (17 CFR §230.405) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (17 CFR §240.12b-2).

 

Emerging growth company  ¨

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ¨

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class   Trading Symbol(s)   Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock   SANM   NASDAQ Global Select Market

 

 

 

 


 

ITEM 2.02 RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION

 

On November 6, 2023, Sanmina Corporation (the “Company”) issued the press release attached as Exhibit 99.1 announcing unaudited financial results for its fiscal quarter and year ended September 30, 2023.

 

The information set forth in this Item 2.02, including the exhibit hereto, shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section.  In addition, the information in this Item 2.02 shall not be incorporated by reference into any registration statement filed under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.

 

ITEM 8.01 OTHER EVENTS

 

Stockholders who intend to solicit proxies in support of director nominees (other than the Company’s nominees) for the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders must notify our Corporate Secretary no later than January 13, 2024 and comply with the additional requirements of Rule 14a-19(b) of the Exchange Act. Our definitive Proxy Statement filed in connection with our 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders incorrectly stated on page 78 under “Q19: How Do I Nominate Candidates to the Board?” that the deadline is November 28, 2023.

 

ITEM 9.01 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND EXHIBITS

 

(d) Exhibits.

 

Exhibit No   Description
99.1   Press Release issued by Sanmina Corporation on November 6, 2023
104   Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the inline XBRL document)

 

2 


 

SIGNATURE

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report on Form 8-K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

 

  SANMINA CORPORATION
   
  By: /s/ Kurt Adzema
    Kurt Adzema
    Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
   
Date: November 6, 2023  

 

3 

 

EX-99.1 2 tm2329890d1_ex99-1.htm EXHIBIT 99.1

Exhibit 99.1

 

 

FINANCIAL NEWS

 

SANMINA REPORTS FOURTH QUARTER AND FISCAL 2023 FINANCIAL RESULTS

 

San Jose, CA – November 6, 2023. Sanmina Corporation (“Sanmina” or the “Company”) (NASDAQ: SANM), a leading integrated manufacturing solutions company, today reported unaudited financial results for the fourth quarter and fiscal year ended September 30, 2023 and outlook for its fiscal first quarter ending December 30, 2023.

 

Fourth Quarter Fiscal 2023 Financial Highlights

§     Revenue: $2.05 billion

§     GAAP operating margin: 4.8%

§     GAAP diluted EPS: $1.04

§     Non-GAAP(1) operating margin: 5.7%

§     Non-GAAP diluted EPS: $1.42

Fiscal Year 2023 Financial Highlights

§     Revenue: $8.9 billion

§     GAAP operating margin: 5.1%

§     GAAP diluted EPS: $5.18

§     Non-GAAP operating margin: 5.8%

§     Non-GAAP diluted EPS: $6.26

   

Additional Highlights

§     Cash flow from operations: Q4 $77 million and FY’23 $235 million

§     Free cash flow: $39 million in Q4 and $45 million in FY’23

§     Share repurchases: 603,776 shares for $33 million in Q4 and 1.58 million shares for $84 million in FY’23

§     Q4 ending cash and cash equivalents: $668 million

§     Q4 non-GAAP pre-tax ROIC: 26.4%

 

(1) Non-GAAP financial measures exclude charges or gains relating to: stock-based compensation expenses; restructuring costs (including employee severance costs, environmental investigation, remediation and related costs and other charges related to closing and consolidating facilities); acquisition and integration costs (consisting of costs associated with the acquisition and integration of acquired businesses into our operations); impairment charges for goodwill and other assets; amortization expense; and other unusual or infrequent items (e.g. charges or benefits associated with distressed customers, expenses, charges and recoveries relating to certain legal matters, gains and losses on sales of assets, deferred tax adjustments and discrete tax items). See Schedule 1 below for more information regarding our use of non-GAAP financial measures, including the economic substance behind each exclusion, the manner in which management uses non-GAAP measures to conduct and evaluate the business, the material limitations associated with using such measures and the manner in which management compensates for such limitations. A reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial information contained in this release to their most directly comparable GAAP measures is included in the financial statements furnished with this release.

 

“We delivered strong fiscal 2023 financial results. Revenue was up 13 percent, non-GAAP operating margin expanded 80 basis points to 5.8 percent and non-GAAP earnings per share was up 34 percent year-over-year,” stated Jure Sola, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Sanmina Corporation. “Revenue for the fourth quarter was down 7 percent sequentially due to ongoing customer inventory adjustments primarily in the communications end-market. Despite lower revenue, we delivered consistent non-GAAP operating margin sequentially and a 40 basis point improvement compared to the same quarter a year ago.”

 

“The team continues to demonstrate resilience in a dynamic market environment. Over the last year, we’ve made significant investments to support new programs, further diversify within our end-markets and expand our capabilities, positioning our business to capture future opportunities.”

 

“Our first quarter outlook is down sequentially, driven by some customers continuing to adjust inventory levels and ongoing macroeconomic uncertainty. We expect headwinds for the next couple of quarters with an improvement in the back half of the year. We remain confident in our strategy and long-term financial performance,” concluded Sola.

 

 


 

First Quarter Fiscal 2024 Outlook

 

The following outlook is for the fiscal first quarter ending December 30, 2023. These statements are forward-looking and actual results may differ materially.

 

§ Revenue between $1.85 billion to $1.95 billion

 

§ GAAP diluted earnings per share between $0.98 to $1.08

 

§ Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share between $1.20 to $1.30

 

Safe Harbor Statement

 

The statements above concerning our financial outlook for the first quarter fiscal 2024 and our expectations for FY24 generally constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in these statements as a result of a number of factors, including adverse changes to the key markets we target; significant uncertainties that can cause our future sales and net income to be variable; reliance on a small number of customers for a substantial portion of our sales; risks arising from our international operations; geopolitical uncertainty, including from the war in Ukraine and conflict in the Middle East; and the other risk factors set forth in the Company's annual and quarterly reports filed with the Securities Exchange Commission.

 

The Company is under no obligation to (and expressly disclaims any such obligation to) update or alter any of the forward-looking statements made in this earnings release, the conference call or the Investor Relations section of our website whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, unless otherwise required by law.

 

Company Conference Call Information

 

Sanmina will hold a conference call to review its financial results for the fourth quarter and fiscal year 2023 and outlook for the first quarter of fiscal 2024 on Monday, November 6, 2023 at 4:30 p.m. ET (1:30 p.m. PT). The access numbers are: domestic 833-816-1390 and international 412-317-0483. The conference will also be webcast live over the Internet. You can log on to the live webcast at Q4 and FY'23 Webcast. Additional information in the form of a slide presentation is available on Sanmina’s website at www.sanmina.com. A replay of the conference call will be available for 48-hours. The access numbers are: domestic 877-344-7529 and international 412-317-0088, access code is 5486944.

 

About Sanmina

 

Sanmina Corporation, a Fortune 500 company, is a leading integrated manufacturing solutions provider serving the fastest growing segments of the global Electronics Manufacturing Services (EMS) market. Recognized as a technology leader, Sanmina provides end-to-end manufacturing solutions, delivering superior quality and support to Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) primarily in the industrial, medical, defense and aerospace, automotive, communications networks and cloud infrastructure markets. Sanmina has facilities strategically located in key regions throughout the world. More information about the Company is available at www.sanmina.com.

 

Sanmina Contact

Paige Melching

SVP, Investor Communications

408-964-3610

 

 


 

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands)
(GAAP)
(Unaudited)

 

    September 30,     October 1,  
    2023     2022  
ASSETS            
             
Current assets:                
Cash and cash equivalents   $ 667,570     $ 529,857  
Accounts receivable, net     1,230,771       1,138,894  
Contract assets     445,757       475,721  
Inventories     1,477,223       1,684,099  
Prepaid expenses and other current assets     58,249       62,044  
Total current assets     3,879,570       3,890,615  
                 
Property, plant and equipment, net     632,836       575,170  
Deferred tax assets     177,597       209,554  
Other     183,965       160,192  
Total assets   $ 4,873,968     $ 4,835,531  
                 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY                
                 
Current liabilities:                
Accounts payable   $ 1,612,833     $ 2,041,434  
Accrued liabilities     267,148       281,599  
Accrued payroll and related benefits     127,406       130,892  
Short-term debt, including current portion of long-term debt     25,945       17,500  
Total current liabilities     2,033,332       2,471,425  
                 
Long-term liabilities:                
Long-term debt     312,327       329,237  
Other     209,684       215,333  
Total long-term liabilities     522,011       544,570  
                 
Stockholders' equity     2,318,625       1,819,536  
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity   $ 4,873,968     $ 4,835,531  

 

 


 

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

(GAAP)

(Unaudited)

 

    Three Months Ended     Twelve Months Ended  
    September 30,     October 1,     September 30,     October 1,  
    2023     2022     2023     2022  
Net sales   $ 2,052,019     $ 2,224,865     $ 8,935,048     $ 7,919,622  
Cost of sales     1,878,591       2,052,636       8,191,837       7,297,416  
Gross profit     173,428       172,229       743,211       622,206  
                                 
Operating expenses:                                
Selling, general and administrative     62,124       59,771       255,072       244,569  
Research and development     7,715       6,023       26,427       21,343  
Restructuring and other costs     4,323       3,085       6,054       6,815  
Total operating expenses     74,162       68,879       287,553       272,727  
                                 
Operating income     99,266       103,350       455,658       349,479  
                                 
Interest income     3,910       430       13,595       1,628  
Interest expense     (8,257 )     (7,111 )     (36,290 )     (22,473 )
Other expense, net     (8,168 )     (19,204 )     (20,156 )     (26,314 )
Interest and other, net     (12,515 )     (25,885 )     (42,851 )     (47,159 )
Income before income taxes     86,751       77,465       412,807       302,320  
Provision for income taxes     21,396       19,101       85,294       61,936  
Net income before noncontrolling interest in subsidiary earnings     65,355       58,364       327,513       240,384  
Noncontrolling interest in subsidiary earnings     3,514       -       17,543       -  
Net income attributable to common shareholders   $ 61,841     $ 58,364     $ 309,970     $ 240,384  
                                 
Basic income per share   $ 1.08     $ 1.01     $ 5.36     $ 3.92  
Diluted income per share   $ 1.04     $ 0.98     $ 5.18     $ 3.81  
                                 
Weighted-average shares used in computing per share amounts:                                
Basic     57,406       58,023       57,847       61,310  
Diluted     59,178       59,844       59,815       63,117  

 

 


 

Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Measures

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

    Three Months Ended     Twelve Months Ended  
    September 30,     July 1,     October 1,     September 30,     October 1,  
    2023     2023     2022     2023     2022  
GAAP Operating income   $ 99,266     $ 107,365     $ 103,350     $ 455,658     $ 349,479  
GAAP Operating margin     4.8 %     4.9 %     4.6 %     5.1 %     4.4 %
Adjustments:                                        
Stock compensation expense (1)     12,942       13,317       10,563       50,402       39,608  
Amortization of intangible assets     1,342       669       234       2,493       1,010  
Legal and other (2)     -       4,475       -       5,170       2,033  
Restructuring and others costs     4,323       296       3,085       6,054       6,815  
Non-GAAP Operating income   $ 117,873     $ 126,122     $ 117,232     $ 519,777     $ 398,945  
Non-GAAP Operating margin     5.7 %     5.7 %     5.3 %     5.8 %     5.0 %
                                         
GAAP Net income attributable to common shareholders   $ 61,841     $ 76,494     $ 58,364     $ 309,970     $ 240,384  
                                         
Adjustments:                                        
Operating income adjustments (see above)     18,607       18,757       13,882       64,119       49,466  
Reversal of gain on sale of IP     -       -       -       -       7,000  
Legal and other (2)     -       -       10,750       (3,630 )     3,640  
Adjustments for taxes (3)     3,526       (3,093 )     (737 )     3,771       (5,231 )
Non-GAAP Net income attributable to common shareholders   $ 83,974     $ 92,158     $ 82,259     $ 374,230     $ 295,259  
                                         
GAAP Net income attributable to common shareholders per share:                                        
Basic   $ 1.08     $ 1.32     $ 1.01     $ 5.36     $ 3.92  
Diluted   $ 1.04     $ 1.28     $ 0.98     $ 5.18     $ 3.81  
                                         
Non-GAAP Net income attributable to common shareholders per share:                                        
Basic   $ 1.46     $ 1.59     $ 1.42     $ 6.47     $ 4.82  
Diluted   $ 1.42     $ 1.55     $ 1.37     $ 6.26     $ 4.68  
                                         
Weighted-average shares used in computing per share amounts:                                        
Basic     57,406       57,987       58,023       57,847       61,310  
Diluted     59,178       59,592       59,844       59,815       63,117  
                                         
(1)    Stock compensation expense was as follows:                                        
                                         
Cost of sales   $ 3,978     $ 4,518     $ 3,610     $ 16,763     $ 14,065  
Selling, general and administrative     8,747       8,588       6,807       32,781       25,037  
Research and development     217       211       146       858       506  
Total   $ 12,942     $ 13,317     $ 10,563     $ 50,402     $ 39,608  
                                         
(2)    Represents expenses, charges and recoveries associated with certain legal and other matters.                  
                                         
(3)    GAAP Provision for income taxes   $ 21,396     $ 17,267     $ 19,101     $ 85,294     $ 61,936  
                                         
Adjustments:                                        
Tax impact of operating income adjustments     2,645       1,817       879       7,736       1,926  
Discrete tax items     1,210       6,957       2,415       12,930       16,899  
Deferred tax adjustments     (7,381 )     (5,681 )     (2,557 )     (24,437 )     (13,594 )
                                         
Subtotal - adjustments for taxes     (3,526 )     3,093       737       (3,771 )     5,231  
Non-GAAP Provision for income taxes   $ 17,870     $ 20,360     $ 19,838     $ 81,523     $ 67,167  

 

Q1 FY24 Earnings Per Share Outlook*:

 

    Q1 FY24 EPS Range  
    Low     High  
GAAP Diluted earnings per share   $ 0.98     $ 1.08  
Stock compensation expense   $ 0.22     $ 0.22  
Non-GAAP Diluted earnings per share   $ 1.20     $ 1.30  

 

* Due to uncertainty regarding the timing of recognition of restructuring charges, impairment charges and other unusual or infrequent items, if any, that could be incurred during the first quarter of FY24, an estimate of such items is not included in the outlook for Q1 FY24 GAAP EPS.

 

 


 

Sanmina Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Cash Flow

($ in thousands)

(GAAP)

(unaudited)

 

    Three Month Periods     Twelve Month Periods  
($ in thousands)   Q4'23     Q3'23     Q2'23     Q1'23     Q4'22     FY23     FY22  
GAAP Net income before noncontrolling interest   $ 65,355     $ 81,737     $ 85,307     $ 95,114     $ 58,364     $ 327,513     $ 240,384  
Depreciation and amortization     30,521       29,898       29,282       28,536       26,686       118,237       108,783  
Other, net     21,947       21,174       17,075       20,727       33,886       80,923       77,626  
Net change in net working capital     (40,966 )     (76,300 )     (67,086 )     (107,153 )     (37,038 )     (291,505 )     (95,939 )
Cash provided by operating activities     76,857       56,509       64,578       37,224       81,898       235,168       330,854  
                                                         
Purchases of long-term investments     (500 )     (500 )     (700 )     (800 )     (300 )     (2,500 )     (2,000 )
Net purchases of property& equipment     (37,803 )     (52,167 )     (63,458 )     (36,530 )     (48,155 )     (189,958 )     (130,214 )
Cash used in investing activities     (38,303 )     (52,667 )     (64,158 )     (37,330 )     (48,455 )     (192,458 )     (132,214 )
                                                         
Contingent consideration paid in connection with previous business combination     -       (8,558 )     -       -       -       (8,558 )     -  
Net share repurchases     (30,397 )     (52,072 )     (13,376 )     (7,836 )     (23,438 )     (103,681 )     (328,722 )
Net borrowing activities     4,070     (4,375 )     (4,375 )     (4,375 )     27,987       (9,055 )     13,923  
Proceeds from collection of notes receivable     -       -       -       -       -       -       500  
Proceeds from sale of noncontrolling interest     -       -       -       215,799       -       215,799       -  
Cash provided by (used for) financing activities     (26,327 )     (65,005 )     (17,751 )     203,588       4,549       94,505       (314,299 )
                                                         
Effect of exchange rate changes     (1,245 )     (452 )     220       1,975       (1,440 )     498       (4,510 )
                                                         
Net change in cash& cash equivalents   $ 10,982     $ (61,615 )   $ (17,111 )   $ 205,457     $ 36,552     $ 137,713     $ (120,169 )
                                                         
Free cash flow:                                                        
Cash provided by operating activities   $ 76,857     $ 56,509     $ 64,578     $ 37,224     $ 81,898     $ 235,168     $ 330,854  
Net purchases of property& equipment     (37,803 )     (52,167 )     (63,458 )     (36,530 )     (48,155 )     (189,958 )     (130,214 )
Proceeds from sale of intellectual property     -       -       -       -       -       -       500  
    $ 39,054     $ 4,342     $ 1,120     $ 694     $ 33,743     $ 45,210     $ 201,140  

 

 


 

Sanmina Corporation

Pre-Tax Return on invested Capital (ROIC)

($ in thousands)

(unaudited)

 

          Three Month Periods  
($ in thousands)         Q4 FY23     Q3 FY23     Q2 FY23     Q1 FY23     Q4 FY22  
GAAP Operating income         $ 99,266     $ 107,365     $ 120,601     $ 128,426     $ 103,350  
     x       4.0       4.0       4.0       4.0       4.0  
Annualized GAAP Operating income           397,064       429,460       482,404       513,704       413,400  
Average invested capital (1)    ÷       1,783,744       1,698,819       1,592,563       1,485,054       1,398,566  
GAAP Pre-tax ROIC           22.3 %     25.3 %     30.3 %     34.6 %     29.6 %
                                               
Non-GAAP Operating income         $ 117,873     $ 126,122     $ 134,883     $ 140,899     $ 117,232  
     x       4.0       4.0       4.0       4.0       4.0  
Annualized non-GAAP Operating income           471,492       504,488       539,532       563,596       468,928  
Average invested capital (1)    ÷       1,783,744       1,698,819       1,592,563       1,485,054       1,398,566  
Non-GAAP Pre-tax ROIC           26.4 %     29.7 %     33.9 %     38.0 %     33.5 %

 

(1) Invested capital is defined as total assets (not including cash and cash equivalents and deferred tax assets) less total liabilities (excluding short-term and long-term debt).

 

 


 

Schedule 1

 

The statements above and financial information provided in this earnings release include non-GAAP measures of operating income, operating margin, net income, diluted earnings per share and pre-tax return on invested capital (ROIC). Management excludes from these measures stock-based compensation, restructuring, acquisition and integration expenses, impairment charges, amortization charges and other unusual or infrequent items, as adjusted for taxes, as more fully described below.

 

Management excludes these items principally because such charges or benefits are not directly related to the Company’s ongoing core business operations. We use such non-GAAP measures in order to (1) make more meaningful period-to-period comparisons of the Company’s operations, both internally and externally, (2) guide management in assessing the performance of the business, internally allocating resources and making decisions in furtherance of Company’s strategic plan, (3) provide investors with a better understanding of how management plans and measures the business and (4) provide investors with a better understanding of our ongoing, core business. The material limitations to management’s approach include the fact that the charges, benefits and expenses excluded are nonetheless charges, benefits and expenses required to be recognized under GAAP and, in some cases, consume cash which reduces the Company’s liquidity. Management compensates for these limitations primarily by reviewing GAAP results to obtain a complete picture of the Company’s performance and by including a reconciliation of non-GAAP results to GAAP results in its earnings releases.

 

Additional information regarding the economic substance of each exclusion, management’s use of the resultant non-GAAP measures, the material limitations of management’s approach and management’s methods for compensating for such limitations is provided below.

 

Stock-based Compensation Expense, which consists of non-cash charges for the estimated fair value of equity awards granted to employees and directors, is excluded in order to permit more meaningful period-to-period comparisons of the Company’s results since the Company grants different amounts and value of equity awards each quarter. In addition, given the fact that competitors grant different amounts and types of equity awards and may use different valuation assumptions, excluding stock-based compensation permits more accurate comparisons of the Company’s core results with those of its competitors.

 

Restructuring, Acquisition and Integration Expenses, which consist of severance, lease termination costs, exit costs, environmental investigation, remediation and related costs and other charges primarily related to closing and consolidating manufacturing facilities and those associated with the acquisition and integration of acquired businesses, are excluded because such charges (1) can be driven by the timing of acquisitions and exit activities which are difficult to predict, (2) are not directly related to ongoing business results and (3) generally do not reflect expected future operating expenses. In addition, given the fact that the Company’s competitors complete acquisitions and adopt restructuring plans at different times and in different amounts than the Company, excluding these charges or benefits permits more accurate comparisons of the Company’s core results with those of its competitors. Items excluded by the Company may be different from those excluded by the Company’s competitors and restructuring and integration expenses include both cash and non-cash expenses. Cash expenses reduce the Company’s liquidity. Therefore, management also reviews GAAP results including these amounts.

 

Impairment Charges, which consist of non-cash charges, are excluded because such charges are non-recurring and do not reduce the Company’s liquidity. In addition, given the fact that the Company’s competitors may record impairment charges at different times, excluding these charges permits more accurate comparisons of the Company’s core results with those of its competitors.

 

Amortization Charges, which consist of non-cash charges impacted by the timing and magnitude of acquisitions of businesses or assets, are also excluded because such charges do not reduce the Company’s liquidity. In addition, such charges can be driven by the timing of acquisitions, which is difficult to predict. Excluding these charges permits more accurate comparisons of the Company’s core results with those of its competitors because the Company’s competitors complete acquisitions at different times and for different amounts than the Company.

 

Other Unusual or Infrequent Items, such as charges or benefits associated with distressed customers, expenses, charges and recoveries relating to certain legal matters, gains and losses on sales of assets, deferred tax adjustments and discrete tax items, are excluded because such items are typically non-recurring, difficult to predict or not directly related to the Company’s ongoing or core operations and are therefore not considered by management in assessing the current operating performance of the Company and forecasting earnings trends. However, items excluded by the Company may be different from those excluded by the Company’s competitors. In addition, these items include both cash and non-cash expenses. Cash expenses reduce the Company’s liquidity. Management compensates for these limitations by reviewing GAAP results including these amounts.

 

Adjustments for Taxes, which consist of the tax effects of the various adjustments that we exclude from our non-GAAP measures, and adjustments related to deferred tax and discrete tax items.  Including these adjustments permits more accurate comparisons of the Company's core results with those of its competitors. We determine the tax adjustments based upon the various applicable effective tax rates.  In those jurisdictions in which we do not expect to realize a tax cost or benefit (due to a history of operating losses or other factors), a reduced tax rate is applied.