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(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

On May 6, 2024, 88,614,097 shares of the registrant’s common stock were outstanding.

 

Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q about LivePerson, Inc. (“LivePerson”, the “Company,” “we,” “our” or “us”) that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections about LivePerson and our industry. Our expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections are expressed in good faith, and we believe there is a reasonable basis for them, but we cannot assure you that our expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections will be realized. Examples of forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding future business, future results of operations or financial condition (including based on examinations of historical operating trends) and management strategies. Many of these statements are found in the “Business” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” sections of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. When used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the words “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “projects” and variations of such words or similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. However, not all forward-looking statements contain these words. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual future events or results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements we make in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q include those set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 4, 2024 (as amended on April 29, 2024) in the section entitled Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” and in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q in the section entitled Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors.” It is routine for our internal projections and expectations to change as the year or each quarter in the year progresses, and therefore it should be clearly understood that the internal projections and beliefs upon which we base our expectations may change prior to the end of each quarter or the year. Although these expectations may change, we are under no obligation to inform you if they do. Our policy is generally to provide our expectations only once per quarter, and not to update that information until the next quarter. We do not undertake any obligation to revise forward-looking statements to reflect future events or circumstances. All forward-looking statements are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

			March 31, 2024						December 31, 2023
			(In thousands)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents			$	127,057					$	210,782
Restricted cash			1,960						2,143
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $9,235 and $9,290 as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively			71,365						81,802
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (Note 1)			20,954						26,981
Total current assets			221,336						321,708
Operating lease right-of-use assets (Note 9)			3,431						4,135
Property and equipment, net (Note 6)			117,893						119,325
Contract acquisition costs, net			39,326						37,354
Intangible assets, net (Note 5)			56,009						61,625
Goodwill (Note 5)			280,956						285,631
Deferred tax assets			4,473						4,527
Other assets			1,264						1,208
Total assets			$	724,688					$	835,513
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable			$	14,528					$	13,555
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (Note 7)			75,506						97,024
Deferred revenue (Note 2)			92,414						81,858
Convertible senior notes (Note 8)			—						72,393
Operating lease liabilities (Note 9)			2,632						2,719
Total current liabilities			185,080						267,549
Convertible senior notes, net of current portion (Note 8)			512,076						511,565
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion (Note 9)			1,466						2,173
Deferred tax liabilities			3,002						2,930
Other liabilities			3,881						3,158
Total liabilities			705,505						787,375
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value - 5,000,000 shares authorized, none issued			—						—
Common stock, $0.001 par value - 200,000,000 shares authorized, 91,131,823 and 90,603,519 shares issued, 88,365,750 and 87,837,446 shares outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.			92						91
Treasury stock - 2,766,073 shares at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023			(3)						(3)
Additional paid-in capital			921,895						913,522
Accumulated deficit			(892,619)						(856,988)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss			(10,182)						(8,484)
Total stockholders’ equity			19,183						48,138
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity			$	724,688					$	835,513

    

LIVEPERSON, INC.

LivePerson, Inc. (“LivePerson”, the “Company”, “we”, “our” or “us”) is the enterprise leader in digital customer conversation. Over the past two decades, consumers have made digital conversations a primary way to communicate with others. Since 1998, we have enabled meaningful connections between consumers and our customers through our platform and currently power more than one billion connections and conversations each month. These digital and artificial intelligence (“AI”)-powered conversations decrease costs and increase revenue for our brands, resulting in more convenient, personalized and content-rich journeys across the entire consumer lifecycle, and across consumer channels. AI has accelerated our capability to leverage prior conversations and our customers’ existing investments in Generative AI and Large Language Models (“LLMs”) to enhance the consumer experience and to improve results for our customers by empowering them to leverage the latest developments in AI and LLMs, in a safe and secure environment.

The Conversational Cloud, the Company’s enterprise-class digital customer conversation platform, is trusted by the world’s top brands to accelerate their contact center transformation, orchestrate conversations across all channels, departments and systems, increase agent productivity, and deliver more personalized, AI-empowered customer experiences. The Conversational Cloud powers conversations across each of a brand’s primary digital channels, including mobile apps, mobile and desktop web browsers, short messaging service (“SMS”), social media and third-party consumer messaging platforms. Brands can also use the Conversational Cloud to message consumers when they dial a 1-800 number instead of forcing them to navigate interactive voice response systems and wait on hold. Most recently, the Conversational Cloud has been enhanced to provide a secure platform with appropriate guardrails to deploy Generative AI and LLMs in ways that help consumers and drive results for brands without sacrificing trust.

LivePerson’s digital customer conversation platform enables what the Company calls “the tango” of humans, LivePerson bots, third-party bots and LLMs, whereby humans act as bot managers, overseeing AI-powered conversations and seamlessly stepping into the flow when a personal touch is needed. Agents become highly efficient, leveraging the AI engine (including generative AI capabilities) to surface relevant content, define next-best actions and take over repetitive transactional work so that the agent can focus on relationship building. By seamlessly integrating messaging with the Company’s proprietary Conversational AI, as well as bots, the Conversational Cloud offers brands a comprehensive approach to scaling automations across their millions of customer conversations.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements, and the financial data and other information disclosed in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2024 and for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are unaudited. In the opinion of management, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual financial statements and reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations, comprehensive loss, and cash flows for the interim periods presented. The results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for any other future interim period or for a full fiscal year. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023 has been derived from audited consolidated financial statements at that date.

Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2023 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 4, 2024.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect the operations of LivePerson and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are based on information available as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements. On a regular basis, management evaluates these estimates and assumptions.

Items subject to such estimates and assumptions include, but are not limited to:

•stock-based compensation expense;

•allowance for credit losses;

•the period of benefit for deferred contract acquisition costs;

•valuation of goodwill;

•valuation and useful lives of other long-lived assets;

•fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations;

•income taxes; and

•recognition, measurement, and disclosure of contingent liabilities.

As of the date of issuance of the financial statements, the Company is not aware of any material specific events or circumstances that would require it to update its estimates, judgments, or to revise the carrying values of its assets or liabilities. These estimates may change, as new events occur and additional information is obtained, and are recognized in the condensed consolidated financial statements as soon as they become known. Actual results could differ from those estimates and any such differences may be material to the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. There have been no significant changes to these policies that have had a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

The following table presents the detail of prepaid expenses and other current assets as of the dates presented:

In June 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions to clarify that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered part of a unit of account of the equity security, and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. The amendments also clarify that an entity cannot, as a separate unit of account, recognize and measure a contractual sale restriction. The amendments also require the following disclosures for equity securities subject to the contractual sale restrictions: 1.) The fair value of equity securities subject to the contractual sale restrictions reflected on the balance sheet. 2.) The nature and remaining duration of the restriction(s). 3.) The circumstances that could cause a lapse in the restriction(s).

This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those financial years. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2024, which did not have a material effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

On March 21, 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-01, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope Application of Profits Interest and Similar Awards, which provides illustrative guidance to help entities determine whether profits interest and similar awards should be accounted for as share-based payment arrangements within the scope of FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 718, “Compensation—Stock Compensation.” Specifically, the amendments in ASU 2024-01 add an illustrative example that includes four fact patterns to demonstrate how an entity should apply the scope guidance in paragraph 718-10-15-3 to determine whether a profits interest award should be accounted for in accordance with Topic 718. The guidance in ASU 2024-01 applies to all entities that issue profits interest awards as compensation to employees or non-employees in exchange for goods or services. The amendments in this update are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted for both interim and annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. ASU 2024-01 should be applied either retrospectively or prospectively. The Company does not expect this this standard to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The updated standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this new guidance on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which modifies the rules on income tax disclosures to require entities to disclose (1) specific categories in the rate reconciliation, (2) the income or loss from continuing operations before income tax expense or benefit (separated between domestic and foreign) and (3) income tax expense or benefit from continuing operations (separated by federal, state and foreign). ASU 2023-09 also requires entities to disclose their income tax payments to international, federal, state and local jurisdictions, among other changes. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. ASU 2023-09 should be applied on a prospective basis, but retrospective application is permitted. The Company does not expect this standard to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In August 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-05, Business Combinations—Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 805-60): Recognition and Initial Measurement, which addresses the accounting for contributions made to a joint venture, upon formation, in a joint venture’s separate financial statements. The amendments require certain joint ventures to apply a new basis of accounting upon formation by recognizing and initially measuring most of their assets and liabilities at fair value. The objectives of the amendments are to provide decision-useful information to investors and other allocators of capital in a joint venture’s financial statements and also to reduce diversity in practice. ASU 2023-05 is effective for both public and private joint venture entities with a formation date on or after January 1, 2025. Early adoption is permitted. Entities may elect to apply the guidance retrospectively to joint ventures with a formation date prior to January 1, 2025. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

The majority of the Company’s revenue is generated from hosted service revenues, which is inclusive of its platform pricing model, and related professional services. Revenues are recognized when control of these services is transferred to the Company’s customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services. No single customer accounted for 10% or more of total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

The following table presents the Company’s revenues disaggregated by revenue source:

(1)On March 20, 2023, the Company completed the sale of Kasamba and therefore ceased recognizing revenue related to Kasamba effective on the transaction close date. Further, this sale eliminated the entire Consumer segment, as a result of which revenue is presented within a single condensed consolidated segment. Hosted services includes $7.2 million of revenue for the three months ended March 31 2023, relating to Kasamba.

As of March 31, 2024, the aggregate amount of the total transaction price allocated in contracts with original duration of one year or greater to the remaining performance obligations was $296.7 million. Approximately 91% of the Company’s remaining performance obligations is expected to be recognized during the next 24 months, with the balance recognized thereafter. The aggregate balance of unsatisfied performance obligations represents contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized, and does not include contract amounts that are cancellable by the customer, amounts associated with optional renewal periods, and any amounts related to performance obligations, which are billed and recognized as they are delivered. The Company has elected the optional exemption, which allows for the exclusion of the amounts for remaining performance obligations that are part of contracts with an original expected duration of less than one year. Such remaining performance obligations represent unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied performance obligations pursuant to ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.”

The Company is domiciled in the United States and has international operations around the globe. The following table presents the Company’s revenues attributable to domestic and foreign operations for the periods presented:

——————————————

(1)Canada, Latin America and South America

(2)Europe, the Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”)

(3)Includes revenue from the United Kingdom of $10.7 million and $15.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(4)Asia-Pacific (“APAC”)

The deferred revenue balance consists of services, which have been invoiced upfront, and are recognized as revenue only when the revenue recognition criteria are met.

In some arrangements, the Company allows customers to pay for access to the Conversational Cloud over the term of the software license. The Company refers to these as subscription transactions. Amounts recognized as revenue in excess of amounts billed are recorded as unbilled receivables. Unbilled receivables, anticipated to be invoiced in the next twelve months, are included in accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The Company recognized revenue of $42.5 million and $44.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which was included in the corresponding deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the year.

The deferred revenue balance consists of services, which have been invoiced upfront, and are recognized as revenue only when the revenue recognition criteria are met. Our long-term deferred revenues are included in Other liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The opening and closing balances of the Company’s accounts receivable, unbilled receivables, and deferred revenues are as follows:

Amortization expense in connection with contract acquisition cost was approximately $4.9 million and $8.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The allowance for credit losses is the Company’s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in the Company’s existing accounts receivable, based on both specific and general reserves. The Company maintains general reserves on a collective basis by considering factors such as historical experience, creditworthiness, the age of the trade receivable balances, and current economic conditions. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. The Company does not have any off-balance sheet credit exposure related to its customers. The activity in the allowance for credit losses is as follows:

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) excludes dilution for common stock equivalents and is computed by dividing net income or loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is calculated based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock plus the effect of dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive securities consist of common stock options, restricted stock units, contingently issuable shares and convertible securities. The dilutive effect of stock options, restricted stock units and contingently issuable shares is reflected in diluted EPS by application of the treasury stock method. The dilutive effect of convertible securities is reflected in the diluted EPS by application of the “if-converted” method. The “if-converted” method is only assumed in periods where such application would be dilutive. In applying the “if-converted” method for diluted EPS, the Company would assume conversion of the 0.750% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (“2024 Notes”) at a ratio of 25.9182 shares of its common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the 2024 Notes. Assumed converted shares of the Company’s common stock are weighted for the period the 2024 Notes were outstanding. In applying the “if-converted” method for diluted EPS, the Company would assume conversion of its 0% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 at a ratio of 13.2933 shares of its common stock per $1,000 principal amount of such notes. See Note 8 – Convertible Senior Notes, Net of Current Portion and Capped Call Transactions for additional information about the 2024 Notes and 2026 Notes.

The following table presents shares used in calculating basic and diluted EPS for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, as follows:

Further, the following securities were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS, as their effect would have been anti-dilutive:

The Company accounts for its segment information in accordance with the provisions of ASC 280-10, “Segment Reporting.” ASC 280-10 establishes annual and interim reporting standards for operating segments of a company. ASC 280-10 requires disclosures of selected segment-related financial information about products, major customers, and geographic areas based on the Company’s internal accounting methods. The chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), who is the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, evaluates performance, makes operating decisions, and allocates resources based on the financial information presented on a consolidated basis. Accordingly, management has determined that the Company operates as one operating and reportable segment.

The Company was previously organized into two operating segments for purposes of making operating decisions and assessing performance: the Business segment and the Consumer segment. During the first quarter of 2023, the Consumer segment (consisting solely of the Kasamba business) was divested. As a result, the divestiture of Kasamba eliminated the Company’s Consumer segment. See Note 19 – Divestiture for additional information.

The Company is domiciled in the United States and has international operations around the globe. The following table presents the Company’s long-lived assets by geographic region as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

——————————————

(1)United Kingdom, Japan, France, Italy, Spain, Canada, and Singapore

Goodwill represents the excess of the aggregate purchase price over the fair value of net identifiable assets acquired in a business combination. Goodwill is not amortized, but is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level using either a qualitative or quantitative assessment on an annual basis, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. In the valuation of goodwill, management must make assumptions regarding estimated future cash flows to be derived from the Company’s business. If these estimates or their related assumptions change in the future, the Company may be required to record impairment for these assets.

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are as follows:

(1) These amounts represent the entire accumulated goodwill impairment balance as of March 31, 2024.

As a result of the Company’s intention to sell or dispose of its WildHealth reporting unit, the Company recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $3.6 million in the condensed consolidated statements of operations during the three months ended March 31, 2024, to recognize a full impairment of goodwill associated with its WildHealth reporting unit. There were no impairments in the Company’s Business reporting unit during the three months ended March 31, 2024. There were no impairments of goodwill during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Intangible assets are summarized as follows:

			December 31, 2023
			Gross Carrying Amount						Accumulated Amortization						Net Carrying Amount						Weighted Average Amortization Period
			(In thousands)																		(In years)
Amortizing intangible assets:
Technology			$	94,549					$	(60,465)					$	34,084					5.0
Customer relationships			32,025						(19,542)						12,483						10.0
Patents			15,350						(1,916)						13,434						12.9
Trademarks			1,400						(707)						693						5.0
Trade names			1,044						(672)						372						2.8
Other			914						(355)						559						4.1
Total			$	145,282					$	(83,657)					$	61,625

 

Amortization expense is calculated over the estimated useful life of the asset. Aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets and finance leases, net was $4.2 million and $5.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Amortization expense included in cost of revenue in our condensed consolidated statements of operations was $3.3 million and $4.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

As a result of our impairment test in the first quarter of 2024, the Company recognized an immaterial non-cash impairment charge of $2.2 million included in impairment of intangibles and other assets in the condensed consolidated statements of operations, related to intangible assets associated with its WildHealth reporting unit, due to a plan to sell or dispose of the WildHealth reporting unit, as discussed above. There were no impairments of intangible assets during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

As of March 31, 2024, estimated annual amortization expense for the next five years and thereafter is as follows:  

Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation, and amortization. Depreciation and amortization is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the asset. The Company reviews the estimated useful lives of its property and equipment on an ongoing basis. The following table presents the detail of property and equipment, net for the periods presented:

Depreciation and amortization expense of property and equipment was $8.2 million and $7.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Expenditures for routine maintenance and repairs are charged to operating expense as incurred. Major renewals and improvements are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives.

There were no impairments of property and equipment during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

Total depreciation included in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:

The following table presents the detail of accrued expenses and other current liabilities for the periods presented:

In March 2019, the Company issued $230.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 0.750% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (the “2024 Notes”) in a private placement. Interest on the 2024 Notes was payable semi-annually in arrears on March 1 and September 1 of each year. The 2024 Notes matured on March 1, 2024, on which date the Company repaid in full the outstanding $72.5 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2024 Notes.    

On March 21, 2023, the Company entered into individual privately negotiated transactions (the “Note Repurchase Agreements”) with certain holders of its 2024 Notes, pursuant to which the Company agreed to pay an aggregate of approximately $149.7 million in cash for the repurchase of approximately $157.5 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2024 Notes (the “Note Repurchases”). During the first quarter of 2023, the Company recognized a $6.1 million gain, net of transaction costs of $0.5 million on debt extinguishment, which represented the difference between the carrying value and the fair value of the 2024 Notes just prior to the Note Repurchases, which was recorded in Other (expense) income, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The gain on debt extinguishment was subsequently adjusted by an immaterial amount of $1.1 million with a total gain of $7.2 million reported as of December 31, 2023.

Upon completion of the Note Repurchases, the aggregate principal amount of the 2024 Notes was reduced by $157.5 million to $72.5 million and the carrying amount of the 2024 Notes reduced by $228.3 million to $72.0 million. A corresponding portion of the 2024 capped calls were terminated in connection following the Note Repurchases as required by their terms for minimal consideration.

As of March 31, 2024, there was no outstanding principal amount of the 2024 Notes.

In December 2020, the Company issued $517.5 million aggregate principal amount of its 0% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 (the “2026 Notes” and together with the 2024 Notes, the “Notes”) in a private placement.

The 2026 Notes will mature on December 15, 2026, unless earlier repurchased or redeemed by the Company or converted pursuant to their terms. The total net proceeds from the offering of the 2026 Notes, after deducting debt issuance costs, was approximately $505.3 million.

Each $1,000 in principal amount of the 2026 Notes is initially convertible into 13.2933 shares of the Company’s common stock par value $0.001, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $75.23 per share. The conversion rate is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain specified events but will not be adjusted for any accrued and unpaid special interest. In addition, following certain corporate events that occur prior to the maturity date, the Company will increase the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert its 2026 Notes in connection with such a corporate event. The 2026 Notes are not redeemable prior to the maturity date of the 2026 Notes and no sinking fund is provided for the 2026 Notes. If the Company undergoes a fundamental change (as defined in the indenture governing the 2026 Notes), which includes the failure of our common stock to be listed or quoted on any of the Nasdaq Global Select Market, The Nasdaq Global Market or the New York Stock Exchange, holders may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their 2026 Notes in principal amounts of $1,000 or a multiple thereof at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2026 Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid special interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.

Holders of the 2026 Notes may convert their 2026 Notes at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding August 15, 2026, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on March 31, 2021 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price for the 2026 Notes on each applicable trading day as determined by the Company; (2) during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the “trading price” (as defined in the indenture governing the 2026 Notes) per $1,000 principal amount of 2026 Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate for the 2026 Notes on each such trading day; (3) with respect to any 2026 Notes that the Company calls for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; or (4) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events. On or after August 15, 2026, holders may convert all or any portion of their 2026 Notes at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, regardless of the foregoing circumstances. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of its common stock or a combination of cash and shares of its common stock, at the Company’s election.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the conditions allowing holders of the 2026 Notes to convert were not met.

The 2026 Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company.

As a result of the adoption of ASU 2020-06, the 2026 Notes are accounted for as a single liability, and the carrying amount of the 2026 Notes is $512.1 million as of March 31, 2024, consisting of principal of $517.5 million, net of unamortized issuance costs of $5.4 million. The 2026 Notes were classified as long term liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2024. The remaining term over which the 2026 Notes’ debt issuance costs will be amortized is 2.7 years at an effective interest rate of 0.40% for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

In connection with the offering of the 2026 Notes, the Company entered into privately-negotiated capped call option transactions with certain counterparties (the “2026 capped calls”). The 2026 capped calls each have an initial strike price of approximately $75.23 per share, subject to certain adjustments, which corresponds to the initial conversion price of the 2026 Notes. The 2026 capped calls have initial cap prices of $105.58 per share, subject to certain adjustment events. The 2026 capped calls cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, approximately 6.88 million shares of common stock. The 2026 capped calls are generally intended to reduce or offset the potential dilution to the common stock upon any conversion of the 2026 Notes with such reduction or offset, as the case may be, subject to a cap based on the cap price. The 2026 capped calls expire on December 15, 2026, subject to earlier exercise. The 2026 capped calls are subject to either adjustment or termination upon the occurrence of specified extraordinary events affecting the Company, including a merger event, a tender offer, and a nationalization, insolvency or delisting involving the Company.

In addition, the 2026 capped calls are subject to certain specified additional disruption events that may give rise to a termination of the 2026 capped calls, including changes in law, failure to deliver, and hedging disruptions. The 2026 capped calls are recorded in stockholders’ equity and are not accounted for as derivatives. The net cost of $46.1 million incurred to purchase the 2026 capped calls was recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Unamortized debt issuance costs incurred in connection with securing the Company’s financing arrangements are presented in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the outstanding borrowings, consistent with debt discounts. All deferred financing costs are amortized to interest expense. The net carrying amount of the liability component of the Notes as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 is as follows:

The following table sets forth the interest expense recognized related to the Notes:

Interest expense of $0.7 million and $1.4 million is reflected as a component of interest expense, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The Company has non-cancelable operating and finance leases for its corporate offices and other service agreements. Its leases have remaining lease terms of less than one to five years, some of which include options to extend. The Company uses the non-cancelable lease term when recognizing the right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities, unless it is reasonably certain that a renewal or termination option will be exercised.

The Company continues to actively assess its global lease portfolio. However, any additional de-recognition of ROU assets and incurrence of various one-time expenses in connection with early termination of additional leases are not expected to be material to its financial condition or results of operations.

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:

The components of lease costs for the periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating and finance leases (with an initial or remaining lease term in excess of one year) are as follows:

The Company measures its cash equivalents at fair value based on an expected exit price as defined by the authoritative guidance on fair value measurements, which represents the amount that would be received on the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability, as the case may be, in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value may be based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. The authoritative guidance on fair value measurements establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis whereby inputs, used in valuation techniques, are assigned a hierarchical level. The following are the hierarchical levels of inputs to measure fair value:

•Level 1: Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

•Level 2: Inputs reflect: quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the assets or liabilities; or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

•Level 3: Unobservable inputs reflecting the Company’s assumptions incorporated in valuation techniques used to determine fair value. These assumptions are required to be consistent with market participant assumptions that are reasonably available.

The carrying amount of cash, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate their fair value due to their short-term nature. The Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, by level, within the fair value hierarchy as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, are summarized as follows:

In determining fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible as well as considers counterparty credit risk in its assessment of fair value. Observable or market inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s assumptions based on the best information available.

The Company’s money market funds are measured at fair value on a recurring basis based on quoted market prices in active markets and are classified as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy. The Company’s contingent earn-out liability was measured at fair value on a recurring basis and was classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. For 2023, the fair value was based on the negotiated contracts with the selling shareholders. Significant changes in unobservable inputs could result in significantly lower or higher fair value measurements.

On a nonrecurring basis, the Company uses fair value measures when analyzing asset impairment. Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If it is determined such indicators are present and the review indicates that the assets will not be fully recoverable, based on undiscounted estimated cash flows over the remaining amortization periods, their carrying values are reduced to estimated fair value. The Company uses an income approach and inputs that constitute Level 3.

The estimated fair value of outstanding balances of our 2024 Notes and 2026 Notes are as follows:

Management determines the fair value by using Level 2 inputs based on antithetic variable technique done by an independent valuation specialist. Refer to Note 8 – Convertible Senior Notes, Net of Current Portion and Capped Call Transactions for additional information.

The Company did not have Level 3 liabilities during the three months ended March 31, 2024. The changes in fair value of the Level 3 liabilities during the annual period ended December 31, 2023 are as follows:

Certain former stakeholders of the Company’s acquisitions were eligible to receive additional cash or share considerations based on the attainment of certain operating metrics in the periods subsequent to the acquisitions. These earn-out arrangements were accounted for as either contingent considerations arrangements or compensation arrangements. Contingent considerations were fair valued using significant inputs that are not observable in the market.

The earn-outs determined to be compensatory were remeasured each reporting period based on whether the performance targets were probable of being achieved and recognized over the related service periods. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company settled the VoiceBase, Tenfold and e-Bot7 and WildHealth, Inc. earn-outs for approximately $19.9 million, $9.3 million, $7.7 million, and $12.0 million, respectively.

Changes to the fair value of the earnouts were recognized as a component of stock-based compensation expense and other income (expense), net in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. Payments in cash were recognized as a component of compensation expense and payments in stock were recognized as a component of equity in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. There were no outstanding earnout liabilities as of March 31, 2024 based on settlements that were completed as of December 31, 2023.

The Company has a 401(k) defined contribution plan covering all eligible employees. The Company’s 401(k) policy is a Safe Harbor Plan, whereby the Company matches 100% of the first 3% of eligible compensation and 50% of the next 2% of eligible compensation. Furthermore, the match is immediately vested. Salaries and related expenses include $1.1 million and $1.4 million of employer matching contributions for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had letters of credit totaling $0.5 million outstanding as a security deposit for the due performance by the Company of the terms and conditions of a supply contract.

The Company’s purchase obligations consist of agreements to purchase goods and services entered into in the ordinary course of business. These purchase obligation agreements are primarily related to contracts with vendors in connection with Information Technology (“IT”) infrastructure and cloud computing-related services with remaining terms of two years or less. Our contractual obligations as of March 31, 2024, did not materially change from the amounts disclosed in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The Company enters into service and license agreements in its ordinary course of business. Pursuant to some of these agreements, the Company agrees to indemnify certain customers from and against certain types of claims and losses suffered or incurred by them as a result of using the Company’s products.

The Company also has agreements whereby its executive officers and directors are indemnified for certain events or occurrences while the officer or director is, or was, serving at the Company’s request in such capacity. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is unlimited; however, the Company has a directors and officers insurance policy that reduces its exposure and enables the Company to recover a portion of any future amounts paid subject to customary deductibles. As a result of its insurance policy coverage, the Company believes the estimated fair value of these indemnification agreements is minimal. The Company has no liabilities recorded for these agreements as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

The Company is subject to sales tax liabilities, plus applicable interest, for states in which it has an economic nexus. The accrual balance for sales tax liabilities included within the condensed consolidated balance sheets was $0.6 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

The Company’s stock-based compensation generally includes stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance-vesting restricted stock units (“PRSUs”), and purchases under the Company’s 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs is based on the market value of the underlying stock on the date of grant and the related expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period. The stock-based compensation expense related to PRSUs is estimated at the grant date based on the expectation that performance goals will be achieved at the stated target level. The amount of compensation cost recognized depends on the relative satisfaction of the performance condition based on performance to date.

The Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan became effective on April 11, 2019. The 2019 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated, allows the Company to grant incentive stock options and restricted stock units to its employees and directors to participate in the Company’s future performance through stock-based awards at the discretion of the board of directors. The number of shares authorized for issuance as of March 31, 2024 was 42,367,744 shares in the aggregate. Options to acquire common stock granted thereunder have ten-year terms. As of March 31, 2024, 2,286,084 shares of common stock remained available for issuance (taking into account all option exercises and other equity award settlements through March 31, 2024).

As of March 31, 2024, there were 2,000,000 shares authorized and reserved for issuance under the 2019 ESPP. As of March 31, 2024, 948,453 shares of common stock remained available for issuance under the ESPP (taking into account all share purchases through March 31, 2024).

There are 11,459,009 shares of common stock authorized and reserved for issuance under the 2018 Inducement Plan. On March 8, 2024, the Company’s board of directors amended the plan and authorized 5,300,000 new shares for issuance. As of March 31, 2024, 5,994,216 shares of common stock remained available for issuance under the Inducement Plan (taking into account all option exercises and other equity award settlements through March 31, 2024).

The following table is a summary of the Company’s stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2024:

(1) Represents a stock option award, granted to the Company’s new Chief Executive Officer, to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock that will vest upon the satisfaction of certain performance-based and time-based vesting conditions. This award, provided for under the terms of the Chief Executive Officer’s employment agreement, was approved by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”) as a standalone inducement award under applicable Nasdaq rules and does not count against the number of shares reserved for issuance under the Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan or the Company’s 2018 Inducement Plan.

As of March 31, 2024, there was approximately $2.8 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested share-based compensation arrangements. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.9 years.

The following table is a summary of the Company’s RSUs and PRSUs activity for the three months ended March 31, 2024:

RSUs granted to employees generally vest over a three to four-year period or upon achievement of certain performance conditions. As of March 31, 2024, total unrecognized compensation cost, adjusted for estimated forfeitures, related to nonvested RSUs and PRSUs was approximately $37.7 million and the weighted-average remaining vesting period was 1.9 years.

PRSUs granted are generally subject to both a service-based vesting condition and a performance-based vesting condition. PRSUs will vest upon the achievement of specified performance targets and subject to continued service through the applicable vesting dates. The associated compensation cost is recognized over the requisite service period when it is probable that the performance condition will be satisfied. There were no PRSUs granted during the three months ended March 31, 2024. PRSUs granted during the three months ended March 31, 2023 were immaterial.

Total stock-based compensation costs included in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

During the second quarter of 2022, LivePerson began a restructuring initiative to realign the Company’s cost structure to better reflect significant product and business model innovation and then-recent changes due to acquisitions and factors outside the control of the Company. As part of the restructuring initiative, the Company reoriented its global product and engineering organization for greater efficiency and focus, and reallocated some spending to increase its investment in customer success and go-to-market initiatives. In 2023, due to the changing technology landscape related to the evolution of LLMs, we were able to identify opportunities for significant cost savings because the latest generation of LLMs is able to build a bot in minutes, enabling reduction of headcount previously devoted to bot-building. Additionally, we have moved to a product-led growth structure where we flattened the organization to align to more efficient sales and service support ratios. In connection with the restructuring initiatives, the Company recognized restructuring costs of $3.3 million and $11.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which is included in restructuring costs in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. Such costs primarily include severance and other compensation costs as well as IT infrastructure contract termination costs.

The following table presents the detail of the liability for the Company’s restructuring charges, which is included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities within the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

The Company anticipates that payments associated with the employee severance and other compensation associated costs reflected in the table above will be substantially completed by December 31, 2024.

The following table presents the detail of expenses for the Company’s restructuring charges for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

In December 2023, a putative stockholder class action entitled Damri v. LivePerson, Inc., No. 1:23-cv-10517, was filed under the federal securities laws against the Company, its former Chief Executive Officer, and its Chief Financial Officer in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The complaint alleges that the Company’s Form 10-Q filings and forecasts for the first, second, and third quarters of fiscal year 2022 were false and misleading in violation of Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, based on the Company’s later disclosures and report on Form 10-K on March 16, 2023. A parallel litigation on behalf of stockholders who purchased their shares on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange, entitled Weissbrod v. LivePerson, Inc., is pending in the Tel Aviv District Court in Israel, but has been stayed pending further developments in the Damri case.

In January 2024, a purported derivative action entitled Marti v. LoCascio, No. 1:24-cv-00598, was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York by a purported stockholder of the Company against the Company’s former Chief Executive Officer, its Chief Financial Officer, most of the members of the current board of directors and several former directors. The derivative litigation claims that the Company itself was harmed by the same acts and omissions underlying the Damri federal securities lawsuit, and seeks to recover unspecified losses on behalf of the Company. The Marti case is stayed pending further developments in the Damri case.

In January 2024, a purported stockholder of the Company filed a lawsuit against the Company and its Board of Directors entitled Browne v. Layfield, No. 2024-0079, in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware. The complaint asserted a claim for breach of fiduciary duty based upon a Tax Benefits Preservation Plan. In February 2024, the Board approved technical amendments to the Tax Benefits Preservation Plan which were filed by the Company on Form 8-K, and the case was dismissed as moot, subject to attorneys’ fees on behalf of the plaintiff.

In February 2024, Starboard Value LP and several of its related entities and investment funds filed a lawsuit against the Company, its former Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer entitled Starboard Value LP v. LivePerson, Inc., No. 2024-0103, in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware. The complaint alleges common law fraud, fraudulent inducement and negligent misrepresentation in connection with an alleged scheme to induce Starboard to settle its 2022 proxy contest against the Company and, as stated in the complaint, involves previous Starboard allegations of misrepresentations in the Company's public disclosures that the Company previously informed Starboard were found to be unsubstantiated following an independent investigation. The complaint seeks unspecified damages. The defendants have filed an answer denying the substantive allegations of the compliant.

As has been widely reported, there is heightened scrutiny by the federal government across many programs related to global novel coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”) that were introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company previously provided products and services related to COVID-19 testing and accompanying software. Those products and services have been the subject of inquiry and review by Medicare, the Department of Justice and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

The Company has discontinued all products and services related to COVID-19, and has responded to and intends to continue to cooperate with governmental inquiries related to its previous engagement in COVID-19 related product and service offerings.

From time to time, the Company is or may be subject to or involved in legal, administrative, governmental and/or regulatory proceedings, inquiries and investigations as well as actual or threatened litigation, claims and/or demands (each an “Action” and collectively “Actions”). These have included and may include (without limitation) Actions brought by or against the Company, its affiliates, subsidiaries, directors and/or officers with respect to intellectual property, contracts, financial, commercial, employment, legal, compliance, privacy, data security, regulatory and/or other matters related to our business, as well as Actions brought against the Company’s customers for which the Company has a contractual indemnification obligation.

Regardless of the outcome, Actions can have an adverse impact on the Company because of defense and/or settlement costs, diversion of management resources, reputational risks and other factors.